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Effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract on Liver and Kidney functioning: In-vivo study

Raheel Nazim¹, Ayesha Nadeem Choudhary^2*, Asif Meraj^3*, Fizza Tahir², and Muhammad Talha Sohail⁴

Washingtonia Agricultural Company S.P.C, Kuwait

²National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Iftekhar Ahmed and Co., Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan

⁴Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: asifmiraj@yahoo.com; sturas50@gmail.com

Abstract: The extract and powder form were used to treat the hyperglycemia because many studies shows that, it have a great impact on the reduction of high level of glucose in blood together  with  total  lipid profile. Gymnema sylvestre related to a family Asclepiadaceae. The group of gymnemic acids and gurmarin are the chief bioactive elements which are found in the Gymnema sylvestre. It is a familiar curative plant have an ancient history of use in homeopathic customary medication and have been widely studied for its value or efficiency in the diabetes mellitus type 2 treatment. Experimental rats were fed a standard commercial rat diet and ordinary water. The Extract and powder of Gymnema sylvestre leaves were given after disease induction. To check its effect on liver and kidney, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), urea levels and serum creatinine level will be examined.  The positive results were obtained in the reduction of hyperglycemia. The results of this trail declared that the extract of  Gymnema sylvestre leaves have a great effect than the leaves powder on rats with hyperglycemic conditions.

[Raheel Nazim, Ayesha Nadeem Choudhary, Asif Meraj, Fizza Tahir, and Muhammad Talha Sohail. Effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract on Liver and Kidney functioning: In-vivo study. Life Sci J 2023;20(9)1-11]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  01.doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.01.

Key words: Gymnema sylvestre extract, Liver, Kidney, food nutrition

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A Preliminary Investigation To Explore The Diversity Of Recent Benthic Foraminifera Using Taxonomical And Molecular Approach: A Case Study From Northwestern Part Of The Arabian Gulf, Kuwait.

Mona A. Al-Salameen¹, Mansour T. Abdullah²*, Ahmed M. Morsy³, Fatemah A. Aryan¹, Mohamad A. Almousa²

^1.         Zoology Unit, Science Department, College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, (PAAET), Alardyia P.O. Box 23167, Safat, Kuwait.

^2.                 Botany and Microbiology Unit, Science Department, College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, (PAAET), Alardyia P.O. Box 23167, Safat, Kuwait.

^3.                 Geology Unit, Science Department, College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, (PAAET), Alardyia P.O. Box 23167, Safat, Kuwait.

* Corresponding author: Mansour T. Abdullah: m.taleb@paaet.edu.kw

ABSTRACT: A taxonomic classification system based on the composition of the test wall, the number and arrangement of chambers, and the morphology of the aperture was used to identify 45 species from 24 genera. Principally Ammonia, Elphiedium, Rosalina, and Quinquloculina represented groupings. The described species' taxonomic position is still up for debate. In the current study, we sequenced the 18S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene, a widely used genetic marker that can assist with species-level analysis and biodiversity studies. Majority of Rotallidae and Nummulitidae foraminifera groupings were further identified using a molecular technique. Molecular findings matched similar diversity dominated by the Phylum Retaria in the Order Rotaliida and the Family Nummulitidae. Possibly, the DNA region applied does not reflect enough discriminatory power to differentiate amongst closely related foraminifera species. Therefore, different markers, such as 28S rDNA and ITS rDNA, showing high discriminatory powers should be tested in future.

[Mona A. Al-Salameen, Mansour T. Abdullah, Ahmed M. Morsy, Fatemah A. Aryan, Mohamad A. A Preliminary Investigation to Explore The Diversity Of Recent Benthic Foraminifera Using Taxonomical And Molecular Approach: A Case Study From Northwestern Part Of The Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. Life Sci J 2023;20(9):12-23]. ISSN 1097-8135(print);ISSN2372-613X (online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  02.doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.02.

Keywords: eDNA, foraminifera, molecular, taxonomy, Ammonia, Quinquloculina, Rosalina, Elphiedium

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FinTech in Saudi Arabia:

A user experience analysis of FinTech platforms

Abdulhadi M. Eidaroos

College of Computers and Information Systems, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract— The global FinTech industry has experienced significant growth, with key projects developing the financial sector. In Saudi Arabia, startups have used technology to offer FinTech services. In this area, it is important to investigate the usability of platforms that offer FinTech services. This research aims to examine the usability of samples of Saudi FinTech websites and identify design issues impacting user experience. Usability testing was conducted on the websites of two FinTech firms identified design issues, including navigation problems on the homepage and a lack of transparency in displaying investment details, negatively impacting end users. Employing usability methods can assist in enhancing the development of FinTech platforms and addressing these issues. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of FinTech usability problems and the user experience, enabling advancements in the industry.

[Abdulhadi M. Eidaroos. FinTech in Saudi Arabia: A user experience analysis of FinTech platforms. Life Sci J 2023;20(9)24-34]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  03. doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.03.

Keywords— FinTech; human computer interactions; users experience; usability methods; user testing

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STUDY ON RETROSPECTIVE AND ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEMS INVESTIGATION, IN THE SELECTED DISTRICTS OF BEENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE

¹Asmamaw Aki*, ²Birhanu Eticha, ³Dejen Tsehayeneh, ⁴Gezachew Wubaye

^{1 and 3} Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

^{2 and 4} Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Bureau of Agriculture P.O. Box 30, Assosa, Ethiopia; e-mail: brihanueticha12@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:  Survey was  conducted on retrospective  and  animal health problems  in the 23 kebeles of Abrahamo, Bambasi, Homosha, Sadal, Pawe and Dibate districts in Benishangul Gumuz regional state, with the objectives to identify the main constraints related with livestock production and cause morbidity, mortality and associated risk factors. In this survey, the demographic features of respondents were assessed and 7.27%, 7.8%, 11.95%, 4.21% and 16.19% of crude mortality rates were recorded in cattle, sheep, goat, equine and poultry respectively in six Districts of study sites. The highest and lowest (16.2%) and (4.21%) crude mortality rates rates were recorded in poultry and equine respectively. Without poultry, overall crude mortality rates were 8.56%. 21.2%, 19.32%, and 35.46% of calf, lamb and kid of young mortality rate were registered. So, overall 27.1% of young crude mortality was recorded.  Respondents of  livestock owners indicated that , the highest morbidity rates were  Trypanosomosis  (12.26%) ,  CBPP(10.72%), Shoat pneumonia(11.99%), NCD(22.49%), avian salmonella (12.67%), CCPP(10.7%), while the lowest morbidity rates were Bovine pastuerellosis (5.93%), Shoat pox (6.70%), equine pneumonia(3.39%), ovine pasteurelloss(3.07%). Of the respondents, 89.52%, 80.47%, 77.14%, 73.80%, 67.62%, 61.42% and 46.2% of respondents were ranked as Trypanosomosis, Pasteuerellosis, endo parasite, NCD, PPR, ectoparasite and CBPP as the highest priority animal diseases while, 14.76%, 11.90%, 9.52%, 8.57%, 5.23%, 4.76%, 3.80% of respondents indicated, Black leg, FMD, LSD, Rabies, Anthrax, Brucellosis, CCPP as the lowest priority diseases respectively. In study areas, un appropriate treatment, irregular vaccination schedule, less monitoring system, and weak disease surveillance were the main gaps identified. Therefore, strategic prevention and control measures should be implemented properly in study areas so as to reduce the problems encountered.

[Asmamaw Aki, Birhanu Eticha, Dejen Tsehayeneh, Gezachew Wubaye. STUDY ON RETROSPECTIVE AND ANIMAL HEALTH PROBLEMS INVESTIGATION, IN THE SELECTED DISTRICTS OF BEENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STAT. Life Sci J 2023;20(9)35-51]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  04. doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.04.

Keywords:  Constraints, morbidity, mortality, respondents, retrospective

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DETERMINATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF PAHs AND TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONTENT IN SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT OF EPIE CREEK, YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA.

DOUYE PARKINSON MARKMANUEL¹* and EREPAMOWEI YOUNG¹

Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University,

Wilberforce Island, P.M.B 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author E-mail: douyemarkmanuel@yahoo.com, douyemarkmanuel@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Petroleum and its by-products are major contributors of Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (THC) measured as total hydrocarbon content. These carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic chemical substances can pollute water bodies and sediments. Hence the aim of this work was to determine the concentration of PAHs and THC of water and sediment samples collected from Epie Creek close to three petrol stations (Total, UnlessGod, and Barbizone). Extraction and clean-up of samples were carried out on the samples and consequently PAHs and THC were determined using Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. THC (mg/l) in the Total, UnlessGod, and Barbizone Stations were respectively 117.358 ± 9.00, 189.334 ± 8.11, 259.045 ± 5.55; values were above permissible level of 10 mg/L. Also, the THC (mg/kg) values of the sediment’s samples were; Total Station (3858.717 ± 10.21), UnlessGod Station (3522.389 ± 11.24) and Barbizone Station (2223.747 ± 13.44). These values were above the permissible level of 30 mg/kg. The molecular diagnostic ratios (Flt/pyr, Flt/flt + pyr, BaA/BaA + chry, Chry/BaA, Anth/178, Anth/anth + phen) indicated that the PAHs emanated from pyrogenic sources. High molecular weight PAHs (Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, and Chrysene) contributed about 98% to the toxicity equivalent quotient and mutagenic equivalent quotient. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for both children and adult were below 0.0001 indicating no dermal risk or negligible risk; reference PAHs were chrysene and benzo (a) anthracene. The average concentrations of the individual PAHs were higher than the effect-range low and effect range median values indicating a possible adverse effect on the ecosystem and consequently humans.

[DOUYE PARKINSON MARKMANUEL and EREPAMOWEI YOUNG. DETERMINATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF PAHs AND TOTAL HYDROCARBON CONTENT IN SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT OF EPIE CREEK, YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA. Life Sci J 2023;20(9)52-65]. ISSN 1097-8135(print);ISSN2372-613X(online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  05.doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.05.

Keywords: PAHs, Total hydrocarbon content, Toxicity equivalent quotient, Mutagenicity equivalent quotient, Carcinogenic, ecosystem

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Antioxidant Activities of Ganoderma tropicum in Submerged Culture

By:Aisha Umar

Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Email: Ash_dr88@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ganoderma tropicum is highly nutritional and popular medicinal mushroom of Pakistan. This mushroom was studied for its antioxidant activity. Total triterpenes (TT) successfully extracted by submerge technique. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Glucose Peptone Agar (GPA) and Mushroom Complete Medium (MCM) were used to optimize the cultural conditions, which enhance the maximum TT extraction. TT scavenged DPPH⁺ radicals and showed significant reducing activity. Different concentrations were used to evaluate the maximum TT scavenging ability against DPPH⁺. The antioxidant activity of MCM > PDA > GPA. Aliquot of 100 µg/ml from PDA showed 80.05 % maximum antioxidant activity while PDA 78.05% and GPA was 72.11%. TT capacity to scavenge the free radicals improves the body’s antioxidant defense systems. The results showed that Ganoderma tropicum triterpenes did not possess significant toxicity and can be used as natural antioxidant.

[Aisha Umar. Antioxidant Activities of Ganoderma tropicum in Submerged Culture. Life Sci J 2023;20(9)66-72] ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  06. doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.06.

Key Words: Ganoderma tropicum, Antioxidant, Scavenge, DPPH, Submerge

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antihyperlipidemic of Rutin-calcium (II) Complex

Zhang Jing-liang^a, Cui Chang^b, Zhang Hui-li^c, Wang Shi-guang^a, Liu Jin-hai^c, Zhu Wei^d, Zhai Guang-yu^{c, e}

a.School of Medicine, Zhengzhou university of industrial technology, Zhengzhou,451100, PR China

b.School of Medicine, huanghe science and technology college, Zhengzhou,450000, PR China

c.School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou university of industrial technology, Zhengzhou,451100, PR China

d. Department of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,PR China

e. Department of Nursing , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China

Abstract: A rutin-ca complex was synthesised in methanol  and  was characterized  using elemental analysis，UV-Vis spectroscopy，IR spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. Spectroscopic data suggested that the metal/ligand ratio of the complex is 2:1. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the complex was evaluated by animal experiment of 30 wistar rats. It was shown that the complex was much more effective antihyperlipidemics than the free flavonoid.

[Zhang Jing-liang, Cui Chang, Zhang Hui-li, Wang Shi-guang, Liu Jin-hai^c, Zhu Wei, Zhai Guang-yu.Synthesis, Characterization and Antihyperlipidemic of Rutin-calcium (II) Complex. Life Sci J2023;20(9)73-82].ISSN1097-8135(print);ISSN2372-613X(online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com.07.doi:10.7537/marslsj200923.07.

Keywords: flavonoid, rutin-calcium (II) complex, synthesis, antihyperlipidemic

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