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Climate change and insect pests: a review

Sana Hafeez¹, Kinza Aleem², Fatima Shamoon², Mehak Manzoor², Rohail², Iqra Munawar², Urooj Fatima^1*

¹Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore-Pakistan

²Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus

*Corresponding Email: uroojfatima.gcu@gmail.com

Abstract: Modern scientific research and agronomy are focused on climate change and related phenomena rising global temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, heat waves, flooding, intense storms, droughts and other extreme weather events. A plant pest, hereafter referred to as a “pest”, is any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products. Historic and current examples clearly show the extensive damage that can be caused by pest outbreaks. Warming facilitates the introduction of unwanted organisms; a single, unusually warm winter may be sufficient to assist the establishment of invasive pests, which otherwise would not be able to establish. Climate change will also result in increased problems with insect transmitted diseases. These changes will have major implications for crop protection and food security, particularly in the developing countries, where the need to increase and sustain food production is most urgent. Higher concentrations of CO2 with the rise in temperatures in the atmosphere have direct effects on plant metabolism and affect the distribution, abundance and productivity of insects that feed on plants. All these have led to the reduced efficacy of crop protection technologies, huge crop losses, thereby, food insecurity. Although concerted efforts have been made and simulation models have been developed to mitigate the climate change effects on plants, still, most simulation models fail to account for losses due to pests, weeds and diseases. In addition, the monitoring data of insect pests are not available in most of the developing countries and the software models developed for prediction analysis are not effective against insect- pests. This review highlights the possible impacts of climate change on phytophagous insects, chemical ecology, and plant pest interactions leading to food insecurity and the strategies thereof.

[Sana Hafeez, Kinza Aleem, Fatima Shamoon, Mehak Manzoor, Rohail, Iqra Munawar. Climate change and insect pests: a review. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):1-8]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.01.doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.01.

Key words: climate change, insect pests, crop protection

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Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of ICTs in education sector of Pakistan

Nazia Nayazi¹, Pakeeza Khalid², Mudassara Perveen^3*

Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Department of computer science, Government college university of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Corresponding author: nnazianiazi@gmail.com

Abstract: The Pakistan government views Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a key tool for transforming the economy, with the education sector playing an important role in developing the necessary human resources. Since from last decades, there has been a big push to introduce computers into schools, universities and integrate ICT into the education curriculum through a range of initiatives. In Pakistan, majority of the students having computer and internet facility at home. The universities had a lot of ICT facilities and infrastructure such as computer lab, Wi-Fi, computer, projection system, interactive white board, video conferencing system, audio equipment and digital photo camera. It was found that knowledge of ICT is compulsory requirement for teacher’s recruitment”, students have easy access to computers in university, all courses are prepared by the teachers involving ICT, there is dedicated lab. In the university and courses on technology skills are available to students and teachers. It was noted that universities have wi-fi network, broad band internet. Students needed Laptop scheme, analyze research data software is needed and to get an easy access to advanced academic material. The Ministry of Education has set a clear road map for the integration of ICT in education with the emphasis on increasing access to basic education for all, and using ICT as one of the major tools for learning, teaching, searching and information sharing. Providing colleges and universities with ICT equipment and resources, including access to the Internet is a starting point in a process of empowering young people to learn to use ICTs in a transformative way. However, we suggest that we need a more critical framework for examining issues related to the challenge of introducing ICT into universities from a social justice perspective. This is in order to “shift the focus of the digital divide discourse from questions of technological access to those of opportunities for participation and the development of cultural competencies and social skills for full involvement.

[Nazia Nayazi, Pakeeza Khalid, Mudassara Perveen. Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of ICTs in education sector of Pakistan. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):9-28]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com.02.doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.02.

Key words: ICT, education sector, opportunities

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Role of Medicinal plants on Remedies and prevention of cardiovascular disorders in Iran-A review

Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani¹*, Ani Boghozian^1, Zahra Alizadeh-Terepoei¹, Zahra Musavizadeh^2,

Habibollah Nazem ¹, Mohammad Fazilati¹, Mahdi Alinia-Ahandani³

1- Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I. R. Iran

2-Department of Biomedical sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

3- Health Department, Medical university of Ardebil, I. RIran

*Corresponding author: Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani, E-mail: ebi.alinia@gmail.com

Abstract: The pointed feature of the traditional Iranian medicinal system, Ayurveda, is its emphasis on the maintenance of positive health effects of them. As per Ayurveda, Iranian medicinal plants are rich sources of substances that have several therapeutic features including cardiopro- tection. Globally, cardiovascular disorders are a leading cause of mortality. This review deals with medicinal plants which possess cardiotonic, cardioprotective and antioxidant or positive effects on heart. It also includes our studies on the antioxidant prop- erties of some of these plants such as Agrimonia eupatoriaAllium sativum, Althaea rosea, Ammi visnaga Anethum graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Avena sativa, Bryophyllum calycinum, Caesalpinia crista, Capparis spinose, Carthamus tinctorius, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium intybus Cistanche tubulosa, Citrus species, Cordia myxa, Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus, Cuminum cyminum, Cydonia oblonga, Daucus carota, Adonisa estivalis, Alhagi maurorum, Althaea rosea, Ammi visnaga, Anchusa strigose, Apium graveolens, Asclepias curassavica, Bacopa monnieri, Brassica nigra, Caesalpinia crista, Calendula officinalis, Calotropis procera, Cheiranthus cheiri, Citrus species, Corchorus aestuans, Corchorus capsularis, Coriandrum sativum, Coronilla scorpioides, Coronilla variaCrocus sativus, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Dalbergia sissoo, Daucus carota, Digitalis lanata and Arachis hypogaea, Asparagus officinalis, Avena sativa, Bauhinia variegate, Bellis perennisCistanche tubulosaCitrullus colocynthisAchillea santolina, Allium cepa and etc. possesses the highest potential and inhibit whole effects in rats besides showing significant intestinal absorption or reports in human. Other plants studied also exhibit radical scavenging effects as studied using various biochemical assays. These effects may possibly be responsible for their known beneficial remedies effects including their use in cardioprotection in Iran.

[Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani, Ani Boghozian, Zahra Alizadeh-Terepoei, Zahra Musavizadeh, Habibollah Nazem, Mohammad Fazilati,Mahdi Alinia-Ahandani. Role of Medicinal plants on Remedies and prevention of cardiovascular disorders in Iran-A review. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):29-84]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.03.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Remedy, Iran, Cardioprotection, Ayurveda

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A review of the first outbreak of the 2019 novel Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) in Egypt

Mohamed Abumandour¹*, Naglaa Madkour¹, and Ramzy Abumandour²

¹Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

² Engineering Mechanics at Basic Engineering Sciences department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University

Corresponding author: Mohamed Abumandour, Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Mail address of Corresponding author: Anatomy and Embryology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt, Post Box: 22758, Mob. +201000322937; Fax: +20452960450.

E-mail address of Corresponding author: m.abumandour@yahoo.com or M.abumandour@alexu.edu.eg.

Abstract: This review article was prepared to the represent the outbreak of COVID-19 as a public health emergency in the Egypt in comparison with the most infected countries. Clinical signs of COVID-19 were appeared to be like that recorded in the outbreak of SARS and MERS. Coronaviruses are large enveloped non-segmental virus of a single RNA, which lead to illness case that ranged from the common cold to sever morbidity case. Respiratory signs of COVID-19 was firstly recorded in December of 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China. The first outbreak in Egypt occurred in February 14 2020 for Chinese person at the Cairo International Airport. The outbreak in Men more than in women and also rarely occur in children. Mode of transmission of COVID-19 recorded by person to person transmission. There is no any specific treatment or vaccine for the COVID-19 infection. The advice for all persons are stay at home, while the infected persons are advised to isolate at hospital. We must follow the words of the Prophet Mohamed recorded about the plague in a number of hadiths 14 centuries ago about the principles of quarantine with the clearest statement.

[Mohamed Abumandour, Naglaa Madkour, and Ramzy Abumandour. A review of the first outbreak of the 2019 novel Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) in Egypt. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):85-91]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.04.

Key words: COVID-19; Bat; Egypt; Outbreak; WHO

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SOCIAL TYRANNY IN ARUNDHATI ROY'S "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS

Dr. Sakshi Antil

Flat No. 203, Tower-9, Fresco Apartment, Nirwana Country, Gurugram-122001, Haryana (India)

Email: Sakshiantil75@gmail.com

Abstract: Indeed feminism and feminist literary criticism are often defined as a matter of what is absent rather than what is present. Unlike the other approaches we have examined, feminist literary criticism is often a political attack upon other modes of criticism and theory and its social orientation moves beyond traditional literary criticism. In its diversity, feminism is concerned with the marginalization of all women; that is, with their being relegated to a secondary position. Most feminists believe that our culture is a patriarchal culture: that is, one organized in favour of the interest of men. Feminist literary critics try to explain how power imbalance due to gender in a given culture are reflected in or challenged by literary texts.

[Sakshi Antil. SOCIAL TYRANNY IN ARUNDHATI ROY'S "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):92-97]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05. doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.05.

Keywords: SOCIAL; TYRANNY; ARUNDHATI; ROY; GOD; SMALL; THINGS

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CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ALTER LIPID PROFILE BY DIFFERENT MEHANISMS

Abdul Fatah, Lt Col and Assistant Director, Medical Services, Medical Directorate, GHQ, Rawalpindi

Saleemullah Abro, Assistant Professor of Physiology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi Pakistan

Saima Masood, Senior Lecturer, CM Department, KIMS, Karachi, Pakistan

Hassan Farooq, Assistant Professor, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore Pakistan

Shah Murad, HOD Pharmacology at IMDC/DANTH, Islamabad Pakistan

Shaheena, Professor of Biochemistry, KIMS, Malir, Karachi Pakistan

Seema, Research associate at Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Quratulain Saleem, AP Community Medicine at KMDC Karachi Pakistan

CORRESPONDANCE: PROF DR. SM MASTOIN BALOCH

HOD, Pharmacology Deptt: Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and

IM&DC, affiliated with SZABMU, Islamabad-PAKISTAN.

shahhmurad65@gmail.com,.

ABSTRACT: High plasma lipids interact with free radicals in human body leading to develop coronary artery disease.  We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2021 to May 2021. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital.   They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol but have no potential to raise HDL cholesterol when analyzed biostatistically.

[Abdul Fatah. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ALTER LIPID PROFILE BY DIFFERENT MEHANISMS. Life Sci J 2023;20(1):98-102]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 06. doi:10.7537/marslsj200123.06.

Keywords: CHEMICAL; COMPOUNDS; ALTER; LIPID; PROFILE; DIFFERENT; MEHANISMS

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