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Susceptibility of screwworm fly, Chrysomya albiceps to commonly used pesticides in Jeddah Governorate

Mohammad M. Al-Jameeli^1,2,  Jazem A. Mahyoub^1,3,  Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi¹,  Abdulaah G. Algamdi¹and Tariq S. Alghamdi ⁴

¹Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and arts, Northern Border University, Egypt

³IBB University, Ibb, Republic of Yemen

⁴ Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: The widespread of the screwworm Chrysomya albiceps in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has begun to be alarming, and that controlling it and limiting its infestation to more animals has become a very important matter, and in this study, the level of sensitivity to some of the compounds used in the control programs in Jeddah by feeding and immersion methods was measured. The results showed that the treatment using the feeding method was more effective than the immersion method, according to the LC₅₀ values. The results showed that the compound Protec (LC₅₀=0.388ppm) was the most effective compound tested, followed by the compound Cyber Safe (LC₅₀=0.632ppm), then the compound Diuracid (LC₅₀=3.253ppm), while the compound Actyl (LC₅₀=33.624ppm) was the least tested compound. Efficacy against the second instar larvae of screw fly, and when comparing groups, the results showed that the group of pyrethroid compounds was more effective compared to the phosphorous compounds. As for comparison within the same group, The results showed that the Protec compound was more effective than the Cyber Safe compound by about 1.629 and 1.75 times within the group of pyrethroid compounds, while Diuraside compound was more effective than the Akicle compound by about 10.34 and 9.95 times within the group of phosphorous compounds by feeding and immersion methods, respectively. In general, the current study showed that screwworm larvae possess a high level of tolerance against a group of organophosphorus compounds, and it is recommended to limit their use and search for more effective alternatives against the screwworm that are safe for humans and the environment.

[Mohammad M. Al-Jameeli, Jazem A. Mahyoub, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaah G. Algamdi and Tariq S. Alghamdi. Susceptibility of screwworm fly, Chrysomya albiceps to commonly used pesticides in Jeddah Governorate. Life Sci J 2021;18 (7):1-8]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).  http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1.doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.01.

Keywords: Chrysomya albiceps, Susceptibility, Bioassay, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticide, Jeddah

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Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in internal Organs of Tilapia zilli Caught from Orashi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria.

¹George, Ubong, ²Bate Garba Barde, ¹Otoh, Aniekan

¹Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus

 ²Environmental Science Department, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

ubonggeorge@aksu.edu.ng

Abstract: Environmental pollution associated with trace metal concentrations is an emerging issue in most developed and undeveloped countries. Orashi River is open to several inputs from industrial and other human mediated activities within the environment. This research was therefore aim to determine the concentrations of trace metal in the tissues (intestine, muscles, liver, gills) of Tilapia zilli for 12 months (between May 2016 and April 2017). From the results it was observed that trace metals bioaccumulated in the tissues of T. zilli with high concentrations in the intestine and muscles. Significant variations for upstream and downstream were observed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn (p<0.05) exception for Iron (p>0.05). The high concentration of Fe and Zn recorded during the study can be attributed to dissolution of zinc from oil pipelines fixed across the water body by oil companies and the use of iron coagulants or the corrosion of steel and cast-iron pipes during the process of water distribution. Transfer factor index used in this study as a tool to assess the level of bioaccumulation in the studied species showed evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues which calls for public health concern. However, the level of trace metal were above recommended tolerable limits for most of the metals when compared to world standards for safety of consumption of aquatic organism exception for Pb and Cr. Based on findings, it is however, recommended that trace metals concentrations in edible seafood species from aquatic ecosystems should be monitored at regular interval for safety of humans consuming these seafoods.

[George, U., Bate, GB., Otoh, A. Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in internal Organs of Tilapia zilli Caught from Orashi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2021;18(7):9-16]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.02.

Keywords: Trace metals, Tissues, Edible Fish species, Orashi River, Niger Delta.

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The role of fibroblasts and macrophages of the inner nerve sheath in the healing of diabetic peripheral nerves

Abdullah Glil Alkushi¹, Wagih Gamaleldeen Abdelghany Elbarrany², Naser A. ElSawy³.Ibrahim Mufadhi M Alanazi⁴

^1,2Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm al Qura University, Saudi Arabia. ³Department of Anatomy & Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. ⁴Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy is a serious diabetic complication. It is accompanied by progressive nerve fiber loss, which  may be attributed to ongoing axonal degeneration of the Wallerian type or dying back type or secondary to severe demyelination. To study the role of fibroblasts and macrophages of the inner nerve sheath in the healing of diabetic peripheral nerves, sixty-six albino male rats aged between 30 and 40 days (weighing 200 g to 250 g) were used in the present study. The right and left sural nerves of 60 rats were obtained from diabetic animals. The right and left sural nerves of  6 normal rats were used as a control. Three weeks after  induction, the endoneurium showed channel-like spaces that were lined by fibroblast-like cells and collagen bundles. These channels contained degenerated myelin and were connected with the perivascular and subperineurial spaces. Some of the flattened fibroblast-like cells were arranged in several layers in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces, forming barrier-like cellular sheets localizing the endoneurial edema in these spaces. Fibroblast-like cells also wrapped the regenerating nerve fibers by their branching cytoplasmic processes. At the end of the third week, the flattened fibroblasts formed nearly continuous sheets in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces. Macrophages were frequently noticed between these cellular barrier-like sheets and in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces. Conclusion:  The endoneurial fibroblast-like cells form barrier-like cellular sheets that localize endoneurial edema in the subperineurial and perivascular spaces and create endoneurial channel-like spaces containing degenerated myelin and endoneurial edema, helping resolve such edema.

 [Abdullah Glil Alkushi¹, Wagih Gamaleldeen Abdelghany Elbarrany², Naser A. ElSawy³.Ibrahim Mufadhi M Alanazi⁴, The role of fibroblasts and macrophages of the inner nerve sheath in the healing of diabetic peripheral nerves. Life Sci J 2021;18(7):17-23]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3.doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.03.

Keywords terms: Sural nerve, endoneurial fibroblast-like cells.

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Cephalometry and Determination of Facial (Prosopic) Index of Persian Adolescents

Fatemeh Pouya^{1, 2}, Seyed Hosein Vaghefi¹, Seyed Parviz Raygan¹, Farahnaz Ghaffri Nejad³*

¹Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran. ²Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ³Department of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

* Correspondence: fghafarinejad@yahoo.com

Address: Department of Rehabilitation, Abiverdi 1 Street, Chamran Boulevard, Shiraz, Iran.

Postal Code: 71345-1733

Tel: +987116265108

Fax: +987116272490

Abstract：Craniofacial measurements are considered to be important tools for studying different races. In this study which was conducted on Persian adolescents living in Kerman / Iran, beside of height and weight of participants, several measurements of skull were done, and different forms of faces were determined. The study was conducted on 732 participant including 366 male and 366 female participants with age between18-20. Cranial length and breadth and brain volume are higher in male people comparing it female participants. The predominant type of face was meso prosopic in both sexes (male: 1/36 and female: 1/44.43). These findings were discussed in the article.

[Fatemeh Pouya, Seyed Hosein Vaghefi, Seyed Parviz Raygan, Farahnaz Ghaffri Nejad.^.Cephalometry and Determination of Facial (Prosopic) Index of Persian Adolescents. Life Sci J 2021;18 (7):24-28]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).  http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4.doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.04.

Keywords: Cephalometry, Facial index, Head, Face

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[Life Sci J 2021;18 (7):29-34]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).  http://www.lifesciencesite.com   5.

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Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Mulberry Silage

Parisa Shokryazdan¹,  Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi², Norhani Abdullah² and Juan Boo Liang^2*

^1. Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,  Malaysia

^2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia

jbliang@upm.edu.my

ABSTRACT: Lactic acid bacteria are the most important bacteria that have been used as probiotic in food and feed industries. Due to their beneficial probiotic properties, search for new lactic acid bacterial strains which are more tolerate to the stress conditions of the GIT, and have better probiotic properties than existing strains is still continued. In the present study, a total of 50 isolates were isolated from mulberry (Morus Alba) silage as a potential source for lactic acid bacteria. Based on the initial identification using catalase test, gram staining and colony and cell morphology, 38 isolates which were most probably lactic acid bacteria were selected for in vitro acid and bile tolerance tests. Of the 38 isolates, 34 were acid tolerance and 21 were bile tolerance. Identification of 10 selected isolates, which exhibited better acid and bile tolerance than the others, using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that all 10 isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus including one L. pentosus, two L. farraginis, two L. brevis and five L. acidipiscis. Results of studies on reduction of pH in the growth medium and organic acid production profiles of the strains revealed that four selected Lactobacillus strains (one strain from each species, namely L. farraginis ITA22, L. pentosus ITA23, L. brevis ITA33 and L. acidipiscis ITA44) reduced the pH of their growth medium to the levels of 3.2 to 4.1 during 24 h of incubation by production of organic acids, mainly lactic acid (production of 187.27 to 433.41 mM) and acetic acid (production of 86.79 to 106.21 mM). Generally, the four isolated Lactobacillus strains showed good tolerance to acid and bile salts, so they would probably be able to survive in the GIT, and they could be considered as potential probiotic candidates for humans and animals. They produced considerable amounts of organic acids, which could be a positive point toward their antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains. However, further studies are needed to investigate their probiotic properties including antimicrobial activity.

[Shokryazdan P., Jahromi M.F., Norhani A. and Liang J.B. Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Mulberry Silage. Life Sci J 2021;18(7):35-45] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.06.

Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus, probiotic, mulberry silage

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[Life Sci J 2021;18(7):46-51] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7.

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Respiratory function and complication related by obesity?

Kun Lu^1,#, Xiaolian Song^1,#, Ruoxue Li², Shilong Han³, Maoquan Li^3,*, Changhui Wang^1,*

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China

²Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China

³Department of Interventional Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China

^#Co-author *Joint-corresponding author

wangch63@hotmail.com

Abstract:  Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), with intermittent occlusion of the upper airway and oxygen desaturation during sleep, is due to compression by surrounding fat and perhaps inflammatory and central actions of adipokines. Complications of OSA include hypertension, heart failure and premature death. Snoring and day-time sleepiness are characteristic, and polysomnography demonstrates episodic awakening and desaturation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation at night greatly improves symptoms and prognosis. Obesity/hyperventilation syndrome (OHS) results from in adequate ventilatory drive and causes pulmonary hypertension and premature death. CPAP and weight loss can be helpful. Lung volumes are decreased due to mechanical restriction. Meanwhile, many young people, especially women,may use smoking as a means to limit weight gain. However, the benefits of stopping smoking undoubtedly outweigh any detrimental effects of post-cessation weight gain. Obesity has also been associated with an increased risk of developing childhood asthma in a number of prospective studies, but not others in the childhood.

[Kun Lu, Xiaolian Song, Ruoxue Li, Shilong Han, Maoquan Li, Changhui Wang. Respiratory function and complication related by obesity?.Life Sci J 2021;18(7):52-57] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.08.

Keywords: Respiratory;  function; complication; obesity

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Improvement of Swelling Soil Properties Using Crushed Glass Wastes and Lime

Shehab Nasr Abdelmoneim Mohamed ¹, Mostafa Abdou Abdel Naiem Mahmoud ², Ahmed Rushdy Towfeek ³

¹ M.Sc. Student, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

² Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

³ Associate professor, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt

eng_shehab2017@yahoo.com, mostafaabdo@yahoo.com, ahmed_78_eng@yahoo.com 

Abstract: Expansive soil is a soil that has large changes in volume when there is a change in its water content, and it is found in many areas in Egyptian valleys. This research aims to study the effect of using locally low-cost materials such as crushed glass wastes and lime to improve the engineering properties of expansive soil. The expansive soil that has been studied is taken from Al-Kawamil city (New Sohag city); the Sohag region is considered unsuitable soil for civil engineering projects such as roads and buildings, as it was classified according to the AASHTO classification A-7-6.  The percentage of soft materials passing through sieve No. 200 (0.075 mm) was more than 90%. This soil was treated only with different ratios of crushed glass wastes (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by the expansive soil weight, as well as the soil was treated only with different ratios of lime (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) by the expansive soil weight. Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), standard proctor test (optimum moisture content and maximum dry density), and swelling test were carried out. The results have shown an improvement in the engineering properties of the expansive soil, such as Atterberg limits and swelling pressure, by increasing added percentage of crushed glass waste and lime separately. This helps to make use of the local materials available at low cost, make the environment clean from glass wastes and recycle these wastes so they can be utilized at the environmental, economic, and engineering levels. This matches the sustainable development strategy of Egypt's vision 2030 in both the environmental and economic dimensions.

[Mohamed, S.N.A.; Mahmoud, M.A.A.N.; Towfeek, A.R. Improvement of Swelling Soil Properties Using Crushed Glass Wastes and Lime. Life Sci J 2021;18(7):57-70]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9.doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.09.

Keywords: Expansive soil; crushed glass wastes; lime; Atterberg limits; compaction; swelling pressure; engineering properties; soil improvement

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Effects of NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Guinea white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Genotypes in Uyo South-South Nigeria.

Akpan¹, E. E., Ndaeyo¹, N. U., Bassey¹, E. E., Mbong², E. O., George², U. U.

¹Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State.

²Department of Environmental Biology, Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota-Eket Akwa Ibom State

³Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus. mbongemem@yahoo.com

Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the effects of 400kg/ha of NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) on some growth and yield parameters of Dioscorea rotundata (white yam). The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four genotype of D. rotundata (TDr 98/01164, TDr 96/01168, TDr 96/00060 and local variety were used for the experiment and the parameters measured were number of leaves per plant, vine length, leaf area and total yield (t/ha). The results showed that fertilizer treatment had a significant (P<0.05) effects on the growth and yield on the parameters studied and that the genotypes responded differently to the treatments. TDr 98/01164 recorded highest number of leaves (11.02, 80.56, 110.02 and 177.19 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS, respectively) while the least was recorded for the local genotype (10.69, 53.62, 130.41 and 175.40 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS. Similarly, TDr 98/01164 recorded highest vine length of 105.26, 168.24, 186.98 and 198.02cm at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS respectively, while TDr 96/01168 recorded 68.92, 92.40, 182.24 and 187.94 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS, respectively. Also, the largest leaf area was recorded for TDr 98/01164 (44.11, 50.90 and 66.33 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS respectively whereas the local genotype recorded the least leaf area (30.05, 31.51, 34.99 and 37.21 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAS respectively. TDr 96/011799, TDr 96/01168, TDr 98/01164 and local genotype recorded tuber yields of 15.45, 15.21, 13.98 and 7.60t/ha, respectively at 4 MAS. Generally, fertilizer application significantly stimulated growth and improved yield of the genotypes. TDr 96/011799 and TDr 96/01168 could be recommended to local and commercial farmers.    

 [Akpan, E. E., Ndaeyo, N. U., Bassey, E. E., Mbong, E. O., George, U. U. Effects of NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Guinea white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Genotypes in Uyo South-South Nigeria. Life Sci J 2021;18(7):71-76]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10.doi:10.7537/marslsj180721.10.

Keywords: NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer, Growth, Guinea White Yam, Genotypes, south-South Nigeria.

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