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A critical review on synthesis and Biological Screening of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole based NSAIDs Derivatives

Muhammad Tahir Khalil¹, Samreen Gul Khan², Baojun Li¹, Xianli Wu¹, Usman Ali³, Muhammad Shoaib⁴

¹Research Center of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.

²Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Science, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic China

⁴College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.

*Corresponding authors: mtk@gs.zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Oxadiazole is a five membered heterocyclic compound which is considered to be derived from furan by replacement of two methane (-CH=) group by pyridine type nitrogen. In pharmaceutical chemistry various contaminations infection in now a days oxadiazole assume key role for the fix synthetic organic chemistry. Now a days, various types of irresistible illness caused by microorganisms compelled the researchers to find new antimicrobial agents that can control these irresistible diseases precisely. NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for fever, pain, nausea, dyspepsia and inflammation. NSAIDs have some side effects like nausea, dyspepsia, bleeding, nephrotoxicity, renal injury and gastrointestinal ulceration. The major side effect of NSAIDs is gastrointestinal ulceration. The main cause of gastrointestinal ulceration is carboxylic group moiety which contains all types of NSAIDS. In future these side effects can be overcome by masking the carboxylic group with oxadiazole because oxadiazole has great pharmacological applications and oxadiazole based NSAIDs derivatives diverse biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, anti- tubercular, anti-microbial and anti-HIV. In this article, we have tried to accumulate some of the major researches carried out for 1,3,4- oxadiazole based NSIADs derivatives.

[Muhammad Tahir Khalil, Samreen Gul Khan, Baojun Li, Xianli Wu, Usman Ali, Muhammad Shoaib. A critical review on synthesis and Biological Screening of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole based NSAIDs Derivatives. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):1-15]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.01.

Key words: NSAIDs, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-cancer and anti-convulsant activity

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Socio-economic Impacts of Small Canals Maintenance (Case study Desonas Canal, Egypt)

Abd El Magid H. A. Abd El Maksoud^1*, Hala H. A. Abd Elmaksoud², Ahmed M. Elfarouk¹

¹ National Water Research Center

² Department of Agricultural Economics and Agri-business, Faculty of Agriculture - Menoufia University

Bido_elgentl@yahoo.com

Abstract: Improving agricultural production depends on the efficient utilization of different agricultural resources. Irrigation water, as a scarce resource, is the control element among different agricultural resources. In Egypt, many irrigation canals are suffering from the deterioration of their infrastructure, which adversely affect their hydraulic performance and their ability to provide irrigation water to different regions at required time. Desonas branch canal (Behera Governorate) was an example for canals with low hydraulic performance. The canal was suffering from infrastructural problems and bad attitudes from surrounding household, such as dumping wastes and sewage into the canal. The canal was also suffering from the operation problem, as its irrigation rotation was not steady. A project was conducted for the maintenance of Desonas canal. The current study evaluated the economic and social impacts of such project. The study applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to estimate technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and cost efficiency for different regions on the canal (head, middle and tail end) before and after the maintenance. The results referred to higher technical, distributional, and economical efficiency for agricultural utilized resources after the implementation of the maintenance project. There was a considerable increase in the yield, with the same resources, after implementing the maintenance program, and it was obvious at tail end region due to solving the irrigation problems as this region. For wheat crop, the increase ratios were between 7.8% at the head region and 24.7% at tail end region. For rice crop, the increase ratios were between 6.4% at the head region and 17.1% at tail end region. Besides the economic impact, the results referred to other social and environmental impacts. Data Envelopment Analysis model referred to the possibility of increasing the yield and decreasing the waste with the same inputs after the maintenance project.

[Abd El Magid H. A. Abd El Maksoud, Hala H. A. Abd Elmaksoud, Ahmed M. Elfarouk. Socio-economic Impacts of Small Canals Maintenance (Case study Desonas Canal, Egypt). Life Sci J 2020;17(10):16-25]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.02.

Keywords: Canal Maintenance, Socio-economic impacts, Technical Efficiency, Allocative Efficiency, Economic Efficiency

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A comprehensive review on antidiabetic properties of turmeric

Poushmal Abdul Razzaq¹, Maryam Iftikhar¹, Anila Faiz¹, Faseeha Aman¹, Adan Ijaz¹, Sana Iqbal¹, Ammara Khalid¹, Saira Sarwar²

¹National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan

*Corresponding author’s email: poushmal.raja@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary artery diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and many other complications. Turmeric and its bioactive compounds like curcumin had great therapeutic abilities against diabetes. In this review, we summarized the current basic and clinical evidence about the potential of curcumin/curcuminoids for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, mainly by its hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin, a natural compound found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is well known for its numerous biological activities, as demonstrated by several studies supporting that curcumin possesses hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, among others. These effects have been explored to the attenuation of hyperglycaemia and progression of DM complications, being appointed as a potential therapeutic approach. The interactions between curcumin and conventional antidiabetic drugs might be explored for the therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus.

[Poushmal Abdul Razzaq, Maryam Iftikhar, Anila Faiz, Faseeha Aman, Adan Ijaz, Sana Iqbal, Ammara Khalid, Saira Sarwar. A comprehensive review on antidiabetic properties of turmeric. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):26-39]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.03.

Key words: Turmeric, Diabetes, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties

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Studying the Effect of Cushion Properties on the Behavior of Unconnected Piled Raft Foundation

Abdel- Aziz A. A. Senoon¹, Mohammed M.A. Hussein², Mamdouh A. Kenawi³, and Amgad Aref ⁴

¹ Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt

^2,3 Associate Prof, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Egypt

⁴ Demonstrator, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Egypt

Email: asenoon2000@yahoo.ca, mohamed.ma_2000@yahoo.com, mkenawi1@yahoo.com, amgadaref2018@yahoo.com

Abstract At the last decades, the design of piled raft foundation has been evolved in order to provide sufficient bearing capacity and reduction in settlement. While, minimum number of piles should be used for economical design. For this purpose, the concept of settlement reducer piles was presented. This system depend on using a few number of pile for reducing the settlement of raft to an allowable value. When these piles are structurally connected to the raft, a high axial stress develop in the pile heads. Therefore, the load-carrying capacity of these settlement reducing piles may be governed by their structural capacity mere than by their geotechnical capacity. In order to conquer problem of high stresses at connected point between piles and raft, unconnected piled raft foundation is a new developed system. Where the piles and raft are separated by granular cushion. The granular cushion is used as load redistribution between piles and soil in between. This system is a hybrid of shallow and deep foundation. In this system pile isn't acting as a structural element, but as a soil reinforcement. In this study, finite element software (plaxis 3D) was employed to investigate the effect of cushion properties (thickness and material properties) and raft thickness on the distribution of load through piles lengths, raft settlement, and the portion of load carried by piles. The results showed that, the maximum settlement of raft increases as cushion thickness increases or raft thickness increases. While, it decreases as cushion density increase. Moreover, carried loads by piles decrease as cushion thickness increases but, it decrease as cushion density increases. Raft thickness almost hasn’t significant effect on redistribution of carried loads by piles.

[Abdel- Aziz A. A. Senoon, Mohammed M.A. Hussein, Mamdouh A. Kenawi, and Amgad Aref. Studying the Effect of Cushion Properties on the Behavior of Unconnected Piled Raft Foundation. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):40-47]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.04.

Keywords: Piles; Raft; Unconnected piled raft; Settlement.

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Volatile active ingredients of Oxyanthus speciosus Dc. and its mechanism of actions

Joseph Kayefor Ebigwai ¹ , Martina Ebele Ilondu ² , Egbodukwu W ², and Macdonald Idu ³

^1- Department of Plant and Ecological Studies, University of Calabar

^2- Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka

^3- Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin city

Corresponding author: ebijoe4@gmail.com

Abstract: Plants are known to synthesize and accumulate a wide variety of chemical compounds which characterizes their color, scent, taste and their applicative functions. In this research, the chemical compounds present in Oxyanthus speciosus, a multi indigenously used species was studied. The objective was to possibly explain the mechanism of actions behind their medical and industrial applications. Fresh leaf sample obtained from the wild was processed and extracted using methanol and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometer. The chemical contents were identified according using NIST library. The identified compounds were grouped using their functional groups. Result showed that a total 32 compounds of which ten could not be identified. The identified compounds belong alkaloids (2 members), flavonoid (6 members), phenolic (10 members), and terpenes (2 members). Four compounds {Cycloheptyl cyanide, 2,5- cyclooctadien - 1-ol, cis-1, 3-cyclohexanedicarbonitrile and 1,2 4,5- Tetrazine, 3,6-bis (1-methylethyl)} were reviewed for insecticidal properties while two {Cis- 1,3- cyclohexanedicarbonitrile and Biscyclo [3,1,0] hexan-2- one} were reviewed for anti-microbial actions while others were reviewed as either precursor of known industrial reagents and others inferred as potential precursors for manufacturing of industrial and medical chemicals. Some other active ingredients were determined chemically as capable of been used for food packaging. Based on presence of some active ingredients, the species could also be used in mining and metallurgical practice, as source of anesthesia, enhancement of nutritional qualities, production of plastics and nanoparticles. This validates its high indigenous usage while affirming its potency against plethora of ailments as often promoted by herbal healers. However, the identity of the ten unknown compound is a call for future research while further studies were recommended to isolate purified and incorporate extracts of O. speciosus species into the variously mentioned medical and industrial enterprises.

[Joseph Kayefor Ebigwai, Martina Ebele Ilondu, Egbodukwu W and Macdonald Idu. Volatile active ingredients of Oxyanthus speciosus Dc. and its mechanism of actions. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):48-59]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.05.

Keywords: Chemotaxonomy, Insecticidal, Nutritional quality, Precursor, Rubiaceae

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The Impact of Project Businesses' Critical Success Factors on Successful Knowledge Management

Hazim M. Zagzoog, Hassan Alsereihy

Information Science Dept. – King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia)

Halsereihy@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to shed some light on how such factors could help build a strong knowledge management system base through exploring the previous research on the subject and comparing different practical cases. Project business support knowledge management departments through number of critical success factors. The significance of strategy formulation, presence of an appropriate and encouraging cultural environment, knowledge sharing and creation, innovation and other factors are extensively covered in previous academic research and practical studies. Despite of this extensive research and useful findings, there is not enough studies that explore proper linkages between technological advancements and the decision making process and the need for expanding the role of knowledge management departments in terms of investing in IT assets. In addition, the previous literature on the subject lacks studies about rationalizing the use of knowledge tools and how such rationalization be supportive of knowledge management departments in some way or another.

[ Zagzoog, Hazim. & Alsereihy, H. The Impact of Project Businesses' Critical Success Factors on Successful Knowledge Management. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):60-65]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.06.

Keywords: Project Business; Knowledge Management; Success factors

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Boesenbergin A from Beosenbergia rotunda induces an oxidative stress dependent cell death via the mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells

Peter M Waziri^ab, Rasedee Abdullah^c, Yeap Swee Keong^d, Richard Auta^a, Ibrahim Malami^b, Imaobong C Etti^b, Samson Wayah^a and Jaafar M Sani^a

^aDepartment of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2336, Kaduna, Nigeria.

^bUPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

^cDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

^dLaboratory of Vaccine and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Email addresses: petermwaziri@gmail.com (P Waziri), rasedee@gmail.com (A Rasedee), skyeap2005@gmail.com (S K Yeap), zautarichard2004@yahoo.com (R Auta) keepibinformed@yahoo.co.uk (I Malami), ettiimaobong@gmail.com (I Etti), samson.wayah@gmail.com (S Wayah) and biojafar@gmail.com (J Sani)

Abstract: Background: Boesenbergia rotunda is a local edible plant predominantly consumed in Asia. Its consumption is on the increase as it is widely believed to improve health and also heal kidney diseases and cancer among others. However, the detailed mechanism of action of the plant in the treatment of cancer is yet to be fully explored. Objective: The present study focused on the use of boesenbergin A from B rotunda in the management of liver cancer as well as possible mechanisms through which it induces apoptosis in liver cancers (HepG2 cells). Method: Cell viability, acridine orange/propidium iodide, annexin V assay and ROS assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Boesenbergin A in HepG2 cells. In addition, cell cycle assay was done to determine Boesenbergin A-induced cell cycle arrest while caspases 3 and 9 assays were done to investigate the involvement of the mitochondria in Boesenbergin A-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Results: We observed that beosenbergin A induces a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells and also induced apoptosis directly proportional to the dose of boesenbergin A treatment. The fluorescent micrographs revealed that boesenbergin A-induced cell death in HepG2 cells occur via apoptosis. In addition, boesenbergin A treatment significantly increased the level of caspase 9 and ROS HepG2 cells which suggest mitochondrial involvement in the cell death. Conclusion: Boesenbergin A was used successfully to treat HepG2 cells which demonstrates its potential use for the chemotherapy of liver tumors using natural compounds. The study also justifies the increase consumption of B. rotunda in local Asian diets for therapeutic benefits.

[Peter M Waziri, Rasedee Abdullah, Yeap Swee Keong, Richard Auta, Ibrahim Malami, Imaobong C Etti, Samson Wayah and Jaafar M Sani. Boesenbergin A from Beosenbergia rotunda induces an oxidative stress dependent cell death via the mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):66-76]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.07.

Keywords – Liver cancer, HepG2 cells, boesenbergin A, B. rotunda, apoptosis, oxidative stress

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Effects of PTN on the expression of ERK1/2 and ERK5 in microglia after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Chen Jie ^&, Zhang Hao ^&, Wang Bo, Sun Fei, Ma-Qing Fang, Ding-Mao Hua, Tang-Chang Tong, Jiang-Dehua

Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221009, China. E-mail: vipjdh@163.com; Telephone: +86-18952171788

^& These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PTN, pERK1/2, PERK5 changes and the relationship between the three. An oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of microglia was established. At 3h of OGD, cells were collected at 0,15min, 30min,1h, and 2h of reoxygenation, and the expression of pERK5, pERK1/2, pERK1/2, and PTN protein at each time point was detected by western blot. The expression of pERK5 was significantly increased after glucose oxygen stripping and reoxygenation. PERK1/2 expression was also significantly increased after glucose oxygen stripping and reoxygenation compared with the control group. Similar to the trend of changes in PERK5 and PERK1/2, PTN expression increased at 3h after glucose oxygen stripping and 30 min after reoxygenation. The effect of PTN on pERK1/2 protein expression was related to changes in PTN concentration, and the effect of PTN on pERK1/2 protein expression was related to temporal changes, with a 100.21% increase in pERK1/2 expression when PTN (200ng/mL) was administered for 15 min (p < 0.01), which peaked. The expression of pERK5 on microglia increases after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. At the appropriate time point, administration of appropriate concentrations of PTN effectively modulated pERK1/2 expression on microglia.

[Chen Jie, Zhang Hao, Wang Bo, Sun Fei, Ma-Qing Fang, Ding-Mao Hua, Tang-Chang Tong, Jiang-Dehua. Effects of PTN on the expression of ERK1/2 and ERK5 in microglia after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):77-81]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.08.

Keywords: PTN; cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; microglia

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The Effect of Eco-Clothing on Human Health and the Environment inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Prof. Dr. Samia Ibrahim Lotfy Elsaman, Ass. Prof. Dr. Enaam Elsayed Abouzeid

Professor of Home Economics Ass. of Home Economics

Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of King Fisal

Alexandria University U.A.S

Emails: samia-1949@hotmail.com, alsayedabou@yahoo.com; Tel. 00966-0544041849

Abstract: This research aims to evaluate consumer awareness about eco-clothing and to determine the safety limits of existing, imported and local clothes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)’s markets. Descriptive and empirical methods were used to evaluate a sample of 150 Saudi customers and a number of children’s, men’s and women's clothing shops regarding both underwear and outerwear. A set of clothes, consisting of 10 types, were analyzed using questionnaires and ecological analyses. The results indicated that Saudi consumer awareness about eco-clothing is weak. In terms of imported clothes, most consumers do not know about clothing safety limits, and this lack of knowledge suggests that all clothing exports into KSA's markets should be regulated.

[Samia Ibrahim Lotfy Elsaman, Enaam Elsayed Abouzeid. The Effect of Eco-Clothing on Human Health and the Environment inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):82-102]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.09.

Keywords: Environment, Environmental Ecology, Eco-clothing, Cleaner Production, Secure limits

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Prevalence of Long-term Anemia and Erythrocytosis in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Ali T. A. Hassan, Usama A. Arafa, Ahmad Nagah, Emad A. M. Yossef ^*

Internal Medicine Department, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt.

^*Email: emadabokhabar@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: While numerous reports have characterized the prevalence and risk factors of acute post-transplantation anemia (PTA) and erythrocytosis (PTE), there is a scarcity in the published reports regarding their chronic forms. We conducted the present study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PTA and PTE. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 81 kidney transplant recipients in the renal transplant clinic at Sohag University Hospital during the period from February 2018 to February 2019. Results: We found that the prevalence of PTA was 44.4%, mainly normocytic anemia; almost one-third of anemic patients had severe anemia. On the other hand, 11.1% of the patients had erythrocytosis. Patients with history of rejection, higher number of rejection episodes. and cell-mediated rejection were more likely to have PTA. In addition, patients with PTA were more likely to receive anti-thymocyte globulin, intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG), rituximab, and plasmapheresis. Patients with more decline in kidney functions had higher risk of PTA and PTE. Regarding the impact of PTA and PTE on patients’ outcomes, we found that patients with PTA and PTE were more likely to have impaired graft function than patients with normal hematological parameters. On multivariate analysis, only history of hypertension and hyperparathyroidism were independent predictors of PTA. Conclusion: In conclusion, chronic PTA and PTE are common in transplant recipients. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians involved in renal transplantation consider the investigation and follow-up of transplant recipients for PTA and adopt appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.

[Ali T. A. Hassan, Usama A. Arafa, Ahmad Nagah, Emad A. M. Yossef. Prevalence of Long-term Anemia and Erythrocytosis in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. Life Sci J 2020;17(10):103-110]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj171020.10.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Kidney transplantation; Cytopenia; Hematological abnormalities

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