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Retrospective Study Of Livestock Morbidity And Mortality In Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Asmamaw Aki*, Birhanu Eticha, Gezachew and Abebe Bulcha

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251- 902330029

ABSTRACT:  Survey was  conducted on retrospective  and  animal health problems  in the 16 kebeles of  Bambasi, Menge,  Ura, Wombera and Dangur districts in Benishangul Gumuz regional state, with the objectives to identify the main constraints related with livestock production and cause morbidity, mortality and associated risk factors. In this survey, the demographic features of respondents were assessed and 9.2%, 6.50%, 7.36%, 5.85%  and 26.95% of relative mortality rate were recorded in Cattle, Sheep, Goat,  equine and poultry respectively in six woredas (16 kebeles) of study sites. The highest and lowest (26.95%) and (5.85%) crude mortality rates were recorded in poultry and equine (donkey) respectively. Without poultry, overall crude mortality rates were 7.22%. 11.67%, 15.06%, and 4.67% of relative young mortality rate were recorded in Calf, sheep lamb, and goat kid  respectively in five  woredas (16 kebeles) of study sites. So, overall 10.09 % of young crude mortality rate was recorded. Respondents of  livestock owners indicated that , the highest morbidity rates were  Trypanosomosis  (20.95%) , NCD(16.16%),  CBPP(10.97%),  pneumonia(10.77%), avian salmonella(10.17%), Bovine pastuerellosis (9.98%), while the lowest morbidity rates were CCPP(4.69%),  Shoat pox (5.28%),  equine pneumonia(5.68%), ovine pasteurellosis (5.28%). In study areas, unappropriate treatment, irregular vaccination schedule, less monitoring system, and weak disease surveillance were the main gaps identified. Therefore, strategic prevention and control measures should be implemented properly in study areas so as to reduce the problems encountered.

[Asmamaw Aki, Birhanu Eticha, Gezachew and Abebe Bulcha. Retrospective Study Of Livestock Morbidity And Mortality In Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2024;21(11):1-12]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj211124.01

Keywords:  Bambasi; Menge; Dangur; morbidity; mortality; respondents; Ura; Wombera

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Concepts of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Classification and its Treatment

Abebe Mequanent

University of Gondar College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 196.

E-mail: abebemequanent@gmail.com

Abstract: Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Disease is any deviation from health is disease. Animal disease majorly classified in to three categories that are: classification on the basis of etiological factor involved (specific and nonspecific disease), classification on the basis of causative organism (infectious and noninfectious disease) and classification on the basis of onset of clinical sign (peracute, acute, subacute and chronic disease). Veterinary diagnosis relies on knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and Animal behavior, skills in the methods and techniques of clinical examination, clinical sign and pathogenesis of the diseases which are the basic requirements for clinician in his/her good diagnostic approach. Disease problems in veterinary medicine are invariably presented to the clinician through the medium of the owner’s complaint, which is a request for professional assistance by giving animal history. In any clinical examination procedures, it is necessary to employ some suitable means of restraint: physical, chemical or verbal, in order to be able to carry out the examination safely and without danger to the clinician or his assistants. Inspection, Palpation, percussion and auscultation are the commonly used methods of physical examination for assessing pathophysiological or anatomical abnormalities of given animal during clinical examination. Taking of vital parameters like: body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse rate and capillary refill time is very important in animal disease diagnosis.

[Abebe Mequanent. Concepts of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Classification and its Treatment. Life Sci J 2024;21(11):13-20]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj211124.02

Key words: Animal; classification; diagnosis; disease; treatment

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Clinical And Hematological Analysis In Experimentally Infected Sheep With Haemonchus Contortus

Eyachew Ayana

Bahirdar Animal Health Investigation And Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O. Box 70, Bahirdar, Ethiopia

eyuelayana83@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the clinical response and haematological effects on sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. The study was carried out at the experimental animal house in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences of University of Gondar. A total of eight sheep were used in this experiment and assigned randomly into two groups of four animals (Group I- infected and Group II- non-infected). All sheep in Group I were experimentally infected with 5000 infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus whereas Group II animals received normal saline water at the same time. The experimental animals were examined daily for clinical observations and weekly interval for body weight measurement, faecal examination and haematological analysis (packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, total red blood cell (TRBC), total white blood cell (TWBC) and differential leukocyte counts) for 10 consecutive weeks. Postmortem examination was done in all animals at the end of the experiment to determine the worm burden and appreciate abomasal pathologies. The clinical observations on the infected sheep were depression, weakness, weight loss, reduced feed intake and pallor of visible mucus membranes. Faecal egg counts showed patent infections in the infected group which was confirmed by the presence of worm during postmortem examination. The pathological alterations caused by H. contortus in infected sheep were mainly confined to the abomasum which showed pallor of abomasal mucosa and adult worms. The result of haematological analysis showed that H. contortus infected sheep significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Hgb concentration, PCV, TRBC and neutrophil counts, and body weight gain compared with the non-infected. Furthermore, there was an evidence of a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of eosinophil of infected group while the TWBC, lymphocytes, basophiles and monocyte counts of infected group were not significantly different (p>0.05) compared with the non-infected. In conclusion the finding of the present experiment revealed that H. contortus was established in experimentally infected sheep and the parasite had induced detectable clinical signs and there was a significant effect on the haematology of infected sheep with resultant anaemia.

[Eyachew Ayana. Clinical And Hematological Analysis In Experimentally Infected Sheep With Haemonchus Contortus. Life Sci J 2024;21(11):21-40]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj211124.03

Key words: Haemonchus contortus; clinical observations; haematological analysis; sheep;  experimental infection

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Review On Pneumonic Bovine Pastuerellosis In Ethiopia

Asmamaw Aki  Jano

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251- 902330029

Abstract: Pneumonic Pasteurellosis is a common disease of the respiratory system of cattle as a result of inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma which is usually accompanied by inflammation of bronchioles and often by pleurisy. This review was made to overview pneumonic pasteurellosis which is caused by a gram-negative bacteria pathogen called M. haemolytica (P. haemolytica biotype A) serotype 1. The disease occurs most commonly in young growing cattle. Stress is an intrinsic condition that was consistently reported to increase the susceptibility to various types of infectious disease. Pasteurellosis with its a worldwide occurrence but it is a particular problem in the tropics especially the hot, humid tropics where environmental stress is an important trigger mechanism of the disease complex. The global economic impact of the disease is very well recognized and more than one billion dollars are annually cost in beef cattle industry. Taking tracheal swabs as microbiology culture from the lower respiratory tract is the most important sample for laboratory diagnosis. Broad spectrum antibiotics are used commonly. Prevention and control of Pneumonic Pasteurollosis should give an emphasis on minimizing the predisposing factors in addition with vaccination and management where herds are at high risk. Chemoprophylactic measures are also mandatory for the prevention of seasonal outbreaks. Therefore, since the disease has a great impact on animals’ production, improvement of the management system and providing prophylactic drugs in case of transportation during loading of animals are usefull.

[Asmamaw Aki  Jano. Review On Pneumonic Bovine Pastuerellosis In Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2024;21(11):41-49]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj211124.04

Key Words:  Cattle; Pneumonic Pasteurellosis; Factors; Vaccination

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Review On Abattoir Hygiene And Microbial Load Of Meat

Asmamaw Aki * and Abaya Geleta

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251- 902330029

ABSTRACT: Food safety is an issue of paramount concern and of public health importance particularly when the environment in which the food handled is contaminated. Food borne diseases are diseases resulting from ingestion of bacteria, toxins and also cells produced by microorganisms present in food. Meat quality is becoming more important as consumers worldwide and defined by organoleptic evaluation parameters such as tenderness, juiciness, flavor, palatability, color, neatness, pH, water holding capacity, and its proximate composition. The microbial quality and safety of raw meat products can be estimated by the use of indicator microorganisms, including total aerobic plate count, coliform count and Escherichia coli count. Microbial contamination of meat and meat products must not surpass levels which could have negative impacts on the shelf life of meat products and render it unhealthy for human consumption. Food of animal origin tends to deteriorate more rapidly under tropical conditions, thereby becoming an important medium for gastrointestinal infections, inadvertently jeopardizing consumers' health. Sources of contaminations arising from the meat handlers, hides, cutting knives, intestinal contents, chopping boards, containers, meat selling environment and vehicle for transporting carcasses have been reported and  weighing scales and wooden boards from meat retail outlets are sources of bacterial contamination, especially Salmonella, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus  and Shigella species. Therefore, the modern abattoir hygienic practices,  reduced bacterial contamination and risk minimization strategy should be applied along with quality indicators so as to provide safety and hygienic meat in the Abattoir for the society.

[Asmamaw Aki; Abaya Geleta. Review On Abattoir Hygiene And Microbial Load Of Meat. Life Sci J 2024;21(11):50-69]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05. doi:10.7537/marslsj211124.05

Keywords: Abattoir, Safety, Salmonella, E.coli, Staphylococcus

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