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IMPACT OF IPM STRATEGIES FOR CONTROL OF BORER PEST AND INFLUENCE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE CROP

*Usama bilal¹, Dr. Muhammad Zia ul Haq³, Muhammad Imran¹, Muhammad Usman¹, Abdul Khaliq², Dr. Muhammad Zafar²

¹Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad

² Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad

³ Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

*Corresponding Author: usama.202300108@gcuf.edu.pk

Abstract: The sugarcane borer is a major pest that significantly impacts sugarcane yield and quality, resulting in considerable economic losses globally. This review examines the extensive damage caused by the borer, which includes reduced biomass and sugar yield, as well as compromised quality of the harvested cane. The borer's infestation disrupts the plant's vascular system, diminishing photosynthetic efficiency and increasing disease susceptibility. These disruptions lead to lower sucrose content and purity in the cane juice, adversely affecting sugar extraction processes. Furthermore, this paper evaluates various integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, including biological control, chemical treatments, and cultural practices, assessing their effectiveness in controlling borer populations and mitigating damage. The review synthesizes findings from field studies and experimental research, emphasizing the importance of sustainable pest management practices to maintain high sugarcane yield and quality. The necessity for ongoing research and the development of innovative IPM solutions is highlighted to support the resilience and productivity of the global sugar industry. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of effective pest management in safeguarding the future of sugarcane cultivation.

[Usama bilal, Muhammad Zia ul Haq, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Usman, Abdul Khaliq, Dr. Muhammad Zafar, Effect of omeprazole, pantoprazole and famotidine on rat bones. Life Sci J 2024;21(7):1-13]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj210724.01.

Keywords: Jaggery, Borer, Sugar, Quality, Pest Management, Pesticides

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A review on Life cycle of rice leaf folder its biological control and strategies for effective management

*Usama bilal¹, Muhammad Imran¹, Muhammad Usman¹, Abdul Khaliq².

¹Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad

² Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad

*Corresponding Author: usama.202300108@gcuf.edu.pk

Abstract: The rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) is a significant pest affecting rice cultivation worldwide, causing considerable yield losses and economic damage. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the life cycle of the rice leaf folder, highlighting the developmental stages from egg to adult and the factors influencing its population dynamics. Emphasis is placed on understanding the biology and ecology of this pest to inform effective management strategies. Biological control methods, including the use of natural predators, parasitoids, and entomopathogenic organisms, are critically evaluated for their efficacy and sustainability. Additionally, integrated pest management (IPM) strategies combining biological, cultural, and chemical controls are discussed, offering a holistic approach to mitigating the impact of rice leaf folder infestations. The review underscores the importance of continuous monitoring, farmer education, and the adoption of environmentally friendly practices to achieve sustainable pest management. Future research directions are proposed to address current knowledge gaps and improve control measures, ultimately enhancing rice production and food security.

[Usama bilal, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Usman, Abdul Khaliq, A review on Life cycle of rice leaf folder its biological control and strategies for effective management. Life Sci J 2024;21(7):14-27]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

02. doi:10.7537/marslsj210724.02.

Keywords: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Integrated pest management, Rice leaf folder, Sustainable Agriculture

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Over View of Some Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Diseases: A review

By Birhanu Eticha Bekonjo

Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30, Assosa, Ethiopia

 E-mail: brihanueticha12@gmail.com

Abstract: Zoonotic diseases are infections that occur as a result of human interactions with animals and the environment. These diseases are transmissible from animals to humans and/or from humans to animals. Human–animal interactions occur mostly via human contact with animal-origin foods, domestic animals, pets, aquatic animals, edible insects and foodborne pathogens. Approximately 60% of all human infectious diseases recognized so far, and about 75% of emerging infectious diseases that have affected people over the past three decades have originated from animals. The twenty-first century has seen the emergence of many new, high-profile diseases that can be called emerging infectious diseases which are of serious public health concern. An emerging infectious disease is one that has appeared and affected a population for the first time or has existed previously but is rapidly increasing, either in terms of the number of new cases within a population, or its spread to new geographical areas. Many emerging and re-emerging diseases are zoonotic in origin, meaning that the disease has emerged from an animal and crossed the species barrier to infect humans. Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases disrupt human activities and cause increased morbidity and mortality among human population, being responsible for about 2.4 billion cases of illness and about 2.7 million deaths in low and middle-income countries. The impact of zoonotic diseases on human health is evident from previous outbreaks that have plagued the human race on a global scale. Having full information on the occurrence, epidemiological distribution and measures to be taken to mitigate the impact of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease has paramount importance for those communities who are lagging behind in getting such information. Therefore, the objective of this article review is to compile useful information on the occurrence, epidemiological distribution and measures to be taken to reduce the impact of such important diseases.

[By Birhanu Eticha Bekonjo, Over View of Some Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Diseases: A review. Life Sci J 2024;21(7):28-39]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03.     doi:10.7537/marslsj210724.03.

Keywords: Emerging, Re-emerging and Zoonoses

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Assessment Of Bacterial Enteropathogens Of Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On the Surrounding Water Body

¹Adayi, Florence Iyaji and ²Ijigbade Bamidele

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria

²Disease Surveillance and Notification Unit, Primary Health Development Agency, Ondo State Nigeria

Email: florenceadayi@yahoo.com¹ deleijigbade@yahoo.com²

Abstract: Fifteen (15) water samples were collected from Wupa river, with five (5) each from the upstream, downstream and point of effluent discharge into the river and screened for the presence of enteropathogens. Results of the total aerobic bacterial loads upstream ranged from 1.06×10⁹±0.20 Cfu/ml to 1.23×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.65×10⁸±0.21 Cfu/ml to 2.9×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. However, the total aerobic bacterial loads at the point of effluent discharge to the River range from 8.20×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml to 9.40×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.10×10⁷±0.11 Cfu/ml to 2.40×10⁷±0.14 Cfu/ml. A total of thirty-nine (39) enteropathogens belonging to six bacterial genera and six species were isolated from this study and they are Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Oblitimonas alkaliphila. Ten bacterial isolates belonging to five strains were isolated from the upstream station of Wupa River which was nine (9) enteropathogens belonging to five (5) strains were isolated from the point of effluent discharge to the river while, the downstream of wupa river after effluent discharge point recorded the highest number of enteropathogens of twenty (20) with eight (8) strains of bacteria isolates. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria which represented 25.64%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae which represented 15.38% of the total isolates. Salmonella enterica serovars Eko EQAS2016S1 was 12.81% while Proteus mirabilis RCFS3, Salmonella Typhimurium FDAARGOS_319, Oblitimonas alkaliphila E1148 and Enterobacter cloacae EMP 13-3 recorded 10.26% each, whereas Proteus mirabilis ALK044 recorded 5.13 % being the least number of isolated bacteria. Although the bacteria isolated from the downstream was significantly high (P≥ 0.05), yet there was no significantly difference (P≤ 0.05) between the bacteria load isolated from the upstream and downstream as well as that of the effluent discharged into the river. However, there is an urgent need for for proper treatment, management, monitoring and sanitation of the effluent to avoid the transfer of enteropathogenic bacteria into the receiving water body.

[Adayi, Florence Iyaji and  Ijigbade Bamidele, Assessment Of Bacterial Enteropathogens Of Effluent From Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant On the Surrounding Water Body. Life Sci J 2024;21(7):40-47]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  04. doi:10.7537/marslsj210724.04.

Keywords: Wupa River, Effluent, Enteropathogens

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Impacts of Physico-chemical parameters of effluent from Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant on Enteropathogens of Surrounding Water Body

                                          Adayi, Florence Iyaji

                 Department of Microbiology, Uniersity of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria.

                                  Email: florenceadayi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study on the impacts of physico-chemical parameters of effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant on enteropathogens of surrounding water body was conducted, and a total of fifteen (15) water samples were collected from Wupa river, with five (5) each from the upstream, downstream and point of effluent discharge into the river and screened for the presence of enteropathogens and then analysed for physio-chemical parameters using standard laboratory procedures. The isolation of enteropathogens associated with effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant samples was also determined using the spread plate technique. The point of effluent discharge had higher temperature of 24.70±0.71 ^oC than the upstream (24.60±1.42 ^oC) and downstream (24.20±1.02 ^oC) respectively. Similarly, at the point of effluent discharge to the River, the nitrate (1.70±0.28mg/l), phosphate (0.12±0.02mg/l) and chloride (11.10±2.3mg/l), turbidity (29.44±4.60), total dissolved solid (16.00±2.69mg/l), conductivity (125±14.21 μS/cm), chemical oxygen demand (25±1.00mg/l), and biochemical oxygen demand (1.89±0.33mg/l) was lower than that of the upstream and downstream respectively while the pH was the same with that of the upstream pH (7.40±0.03). Results of the total aerobic bacterial loads upstream ranged from 1.06×10⁹±0.20 Cfu/ml to 1.23×10⁹±0.21 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.65×10⁸±0.21 Cfu/ml to 2.9×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml. However, the total aerobic bacterial loads at the point of effluent discharge to the River range from 8.20×10⁸±0.28 Cfu/ml to 9.40×10⁸±0.22 Cfu/ml while the coliform ranges from 2.10×10⁷±0.11 Cfu/ml to 2.40×10⁷±0.14 Cfu/ml. The downstream of wupa river recorded the highest number of enteropathogens with seven (7) bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Oblitimonas alkaliphila. Maximum of five (5) enteropathogens were isolated from the point of effluent discharge to the river and they include Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila. Similarly, the maximum of five (5) enteropathogens were also isolated from the Upstream station of Wupa River before discharge point and they include Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae respectively as represented in Figure 1. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria which represented 25.64%, followed by five Salmonella species which represented 23.08% of the total isolates. Proteus mirabilis was eight (8) (20.51%) while Klebsiella pneumoniae recorded 15.38% and Enterobacter cloacae isolated was 10.26%, whereas Oblitimonas alkaliphila recorded 5.13 % being the least number of isolated bacteria. It can be concluded from this study that, there was positive correlation between the physic-chemical parameters of effluent from wupa sewage treatment plant and the enteropathogens of surrounding water body. Therefore the need for proper treatment, management and monitoring of the effluent before discharged into surrounding water body.

[Adayi, Florence Iyaji, Impacts of Physico-chemical parameters of effluent from Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant on Enteropathogens of Surrounding Water Body. Life Sci J 2024;21(7):48-58]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  05. doi:10.7537/marslsj210724.05.

Keywords: Physico-Chemical, Wupa River, Effluent, Enteropathogens

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