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DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING MOTHERS REGARDING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

Sania Saher¹, Nazia Nayazi²*, Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan³, Usama Mubarik⁴, Mashhood Hamid^5*

¹University Institute of Diet & Nutritional sciences, the University of Lahore

²Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Department of Food Science, Islamia University Bahawalpur-Pakistan

⁴Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

⁵Registrar, Family Physician, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: author: nnazianiazi@gmail.com; mashod@live.com

Abstract: The adherence to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is impacted by various factors including maternal knowledge and attitudes, as well as cultural and socio-demographic elements. This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EBF among mothers with infants between 0 and 6 months of age. Additionally, the study explored the factors related to the practice of EBF. Different hospitals with Gynae ward were selected for the study from different areas of Gojra on basis of convenience. 4 hospitals were selected to carry out the study. 200 mothers with infant ages 0–6 months who presented to selected hospitals were selected as sample for current study. For current study data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Current study concluded that only 36% mothers were familiar with term of exclusive breastfeeding and the recommending time of exclusive breastfeeding. Source of information for majority of mothers was family. Mothers are needed to provide education about exclusive breastfeeding and should be encouraged to breastfed for 6 months exclusive. Meanwhile, healthcare practitioners should also provide appropriate training regarding exclusive breastfeeding, so that they can provide education to mothers.

[Sania Saher, Nazia Nayazi, Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan, Usama Mubarik, Mashhood Hamid. DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING MOTHERS REGARDING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):1-7]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01.

doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.01.

Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

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Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial impacts of essential oils

Manar Ahmed Ghoniem and Asmaa Mohammed Ahmed Ammar

Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, KSA

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Jazan University, KSA

Abstract: Ethnopharmacology evidence indicates that most essential oils extracted from herbal materials have positive medicinal effects. Some products from species like C.nardus have demonstrated many positive therapeutic activities in the human body. The current study aims to emphasis the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects of essential oils and their possible medical effects in alternative medicine. Information gathered from the search activity is analyzed through a systematic review of previous studies underpinned by the PICO framework. The study established that many of these products exhibit anti-microbial and radical scavenger, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, which can help the human body defend against cellular oxidation reactions or pathogens. For instance, volatile oils from C.nardus and jasmine have shown potent antioxidant activities against ABTS+• and DPPH cations. The study recommends that future research look at the inhibition of inflammatory signal pathways to expound the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of essential oils.

[Manar Ahmed Ghoniem and Asmaa Mohammed Ahmed Ammar Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial impacts of essential oils. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):8-14]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com.02.doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.02.

Keywords: Essential oils, Ethnopharmacology, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Properties, Inflammatory Signal Pathways.

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Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide to Improve the Performance of Water Drive-Gas Reservoirs by Controlling the Effect of Aquifer

Mohammad Amin Safarzadeh

Phone: (0098)9171808953,

E-mail Address: ma.safarzadeh@tehranenergy.com

Tehran Energy Consultant Company

Reservoir Studies Department

Mehdi Mohammad Salehi

MSc. of Petroleum Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail Address: Mehdi.salehi83@gmail.com

Seyyed Alireza Tabatabaei Nejad

Associate Professor of Petroleum Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Due to high mobility of gas, the recovery of volumetric gas reservoirs are high. However, in some gas reservoirs aquifer activity is the prominent cause of low efficiency. High amount of residual gas saturation behind the water front is a major problem to these gas reservoirs. To date, various methods have been developed and introduced to alleviate the effect of water encroachment such as blow-down, co-production and re-perforation techniques. Although, these methods were encountered some difficulties. This study seeks to solve the mentioned problems of water drive gas reservoir with the intention of carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration which is one of the most noteworthy discussions these days. In this study, injection of CO₂ was performed nearby the edge aquifer and CO₂ plume was propagated in contact area of gas and water. In comparison with conventional methods the amount of gas and condensate production were increased 14 and 23 percent and negligible amount of injected CO₂ was recovered at the end of 112 years prediction.  In addition to sequestration of CO₂, production of hazardous water was decreased which is important from environmental point of view.

[Mohammad Amin Safarzadeh. Mehdi Mohammad Salehi. Seyyed Alireza Tabatabaei Nejad. Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide to Improve the Performance of Water Drive-Gas Reservoirs by Controlling the Effect of Aquifer. Climate change and insect pests: a review. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):15-20]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.03.doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.03.

Keywords: Gas reservoirs, Aquifer activity, Residual gas saturation, Carbon dioxide sequestration, CO₂ plume

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Tooth Bank (Cryopreserved Teeth) Concept in Conventional Orthodontic Treatment. An Electronic Search Study

M H N Dalati.^*,1, Marey A Alshehry.³, Baher Felemban.³, Al Shammari Mamdouh.⁴, Obaid Abdullah Alshahrani.⁵

¹          Consultant Orthodontist and Restorative Dentist, Springs Dental Care, New Road Side, Horsforth, Leeds, LS18 4QD, UK.

²          Lecture, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

³          Department of Periodontics, Al Thager Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

⁴          Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

⁵          Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author

Consultant Orthodontist and Restorative Dentist, Springs Dental Care, New Road Side, Horsforth, Leeds, LS18 4QD, UK.

mypublicationdev@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Autotransplantation has been carried out for many years, but with varying success rates. As a result, it is seldom regarded as an appropriate treatment option for patients. Autotransplantations of teeth are widely used in cases of severe impactions, early loss of permanent teeth, or congenital aplasia. However, sometimes patients may not have a donor tooth available because of previous extraction. To solve such problems, teeth cryopreservation systems have been developed. There are many clinical reports and animal experiments showing the efficacy of teeth cryopreservation. Hence, unnecessary wisdom teeth, supernumerary teeth and healthy premolars extracted by orthodontic treatment should be used as donor teeth for replacing a missing tooth in future. In this electronic search study, the biological properties of cryopreserved teeth and its clinical application are discussed. Objective: The present electronic search study was done to evaluate the importance of tooth bank (cryopreserved teeth) concept in conventional orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: In this study an electronic literature search was performed for articles and books published from January 1972 to May 2016. Results: As a result 225 literature were found out of which only 37 publications (36 articles and 1 book) were relevant to the searched topic. Conclusion: To conclude, this study has shown that unnecessary wisdom teeth and healthy premolars which are extracted for orthodontic treatment can be the target to start a tooth bank which contribute in making autotransplantation the standard procedure for replacing a missing tooth in the future.

[M H N Dalati, Marey A Alshehry, Baher Felemban, Al Shammari Mamdouh, Obaid Abdullah Alshahrani.Tooth Bank (Cryopreserved Teeth) Concept in Conventional Orthodontic Treatment. An Electronic Search Study. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):21-25]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.04.

Key words: autotransplantation, cryopreservation, ectopic eruption.

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Solubility Enhancement of Gliclazide via Co-crystallization with Malonic Acid

ASIM Y. IBRAHIM*, YASSER EL-MALAH, MOHAMED A.S. ABUOREHAB¹, HIBAH ALDAWSARI²

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box: 715, KSA, ¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt, ²Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA

*Address for Correspondence:

E-mail: aymohammed@uqu.edu.sa

In recent years, a number of studies have focused on the preparation of molecular co-crystals. Within crystal engineering of molecular solids assembly may principally be through hydrogen–bonding interactions, as documented by numerous papers on hydrogen bonded crystal engineering strategies. Our recent study has focused on the synthesis, the solid-state characterization and the solubility study of gliclazide/ malonic acid co-crystal. The co-crystallization has been performed using co-precipitation techniques. The solid-state characterization of the co-crystals has been carried out using XRPD, DSC, FTIR, NMR and SEM. The XPRD results of the co-precipitated mixture of gliclazide with malonic acid at ratio (1:1) showed that new peaks at 2θ = 28.6, 29.0, 38.63 and 48.11 were observed. The DSC results showed that the co-precipitated mixture shows an endothermic peak at 164.5 °C, different to those of starting materials. The SEM micrograph of the co-precipitated mixture was also different from that of the physical mixture. These results indicated that gliclazide might have formed a co-crystal with malonic acid. The solubility data clearly show that the solubility profile of the co-crystals was higher than that of the pure compound or the physical mixture.

[ASIM Y. IBRAHIM, YASSER EL-MALAH, MOHAMED A.S. ABUOREHAB, HIBAH ALDAWSARI. Solubility Enhancement of Gliclazide via Co-crystallization with Malonic Acid. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):26-32]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05.

doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.05.

Keywords: Co-crystals, gliclazide, malonic acid, XPRD, DSC, IR, SEM, solubility

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The Role Of Vitamin E In Ameliorating The Prenatal Aluminium Chloride Effects On Liver Of Full Term Rat Fetuses

Samar Al- Saggaf ¹, Ghada A Abdel-Hamid ^{1 *}, Magda Hagras ³, Hamid Saleh ¹ and Mohamed E Selim ²

¹Anatomy Department, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

²Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

³Pharmacology Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt

*Corresponding author: Ghada A Abdel-Hamid,

Anatomy Department, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia,

E-mail: gmohamed@kau.edu.sa; ghada169@hotmail.com

Abstract: To investigate the histological, biochemical changes, of fetal liver induced by aluminum chloride and the role of vitamin E in alleviating the harmful effects of aluminum, eighty pregnant female rats were divided into two main groups control (C) and experimental. Each main group was subdivided two subgroups (20 dams in each). Control was subdivided into: negative untreated (C), positive control (C + VE, 100 mg VE/kg BW/day). Experimental group was subdividing into: (AL) (150 mg /kg BW/ day), (AL) + VE (100 mg VE/kg BW/day). All test drugs were administered through intragastric tube from first day of gestation to gestational 20^th day. Fetal ,liver weight and all growth fetal parameters were measured.A part from fetal liver were prepared for paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS, and Masson trichrome. Another part from fetal liver prepared for assay of lipid peroxidation enzymes, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and glutathione S-transferase.  Oral aluminum chloride during pregnancy, resulted in significant decrease in all growth parameters of rat fetuses, reduced fetal liver weight, significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase and increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, disruption, vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes, increased collagen and reduced glycogen content within the liver cells. Vitamin E reduce all histological and biochemical changes induced by aluminum chloride. In conclusion, oral aluminum chloride induced harmful effects on fetal liver whereas; vitamin E ameliorated these effects.

[Samar Al- Saggaf , Ghada A Abdel-Hamid, Magda Hagras, Hamid Saleh and Mohamed E Selim. Climate change and insect pests: a review. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):33-38]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.06.doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.06.

Key words: Aluminum, Vitamin E, fetal, liver, teratogenicity

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Gene encoding bacterial wilt related protein as a target for stress resistant transgenic plants

Ghulam Abbas¹, Nadia Zeeshan¹, Muhammad Naveed¹, Sabaz Ali Khan², Muzna Zahur³, Amber Afroz*¹

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.

² Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS, Institute of Information Technology, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan

³Department of Neurology, UMG, Gottingen, Germany

Correspondence

Dr. Amber Afroz

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,

University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.

e.mail: dramber.afroz@uog.edu.pk; ambernics01@gmail.com

Abstract： To explore molecular mechanism of defense against bacterial wilt; medium resistant and resistant variety of tomato (Roma & Riogrande) were selected. Salicylic acid (SA) was deliberated for expression analysis studies of iron ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ATP synthase and chaperonin along with activities of antioxidants peroxidase and catalase. RT-PCR showed expression of Iron ABC transporters in control and within 1^st day of SA treatment in both varieties, while chaperonin was expressed after two days in Roma and after three days in Riogrande of SA treatment. ATP synthase was expressed after three days in Riogrande while started from 1^st day in Roma after SA treatment. Peroxidase and catalase activity increased in both varieties after one day; with little decrease after two days of SA treatment. Expression of iron ABC transporters, ATP synthase and chaperonin in response to SA application signifies importance of these genes in response to bacterial wilt in tomato.

[Ghulam Abbas, Nadia Zeeshan, Muhammad Naveed, Sabaz Ali Khan, Muzna Zahur, Amber Afroz. Gene encoding bacterial wilt related protein as a target for stress resistant transgenic plants. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):39-47]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.07.doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.07.

Keywords: Salicylic acid, Tomato, ATP synthase, Iron ABC transporter, Chaperonin.

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Knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors of notifiable disease surveillance among public health care workers in Assossa zone, Benishangul Gumuz, west Ethiopia.

By: Eshetu Yimer shibeshi (BSC, MPH)

Email- eshetuyimer66@gmail.com

Gizachew yaregal Taye (BSC, MPH)，Assosa, Ethiopia

Abstract: In Ethiopia, health professionals’ Knowledge attitude and practice on notifiable diseases surveillance notification was not satisfactory. This weakness is evidenced by late outbreak detection and life lost in different manageable disease because of late reporting under reporting and variability of reporting. The same is true for Benishangul Gumuz regional state. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care workers on notifiable disease surveillance was not assessed in evidence based manner. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of public health care workers towards notifiable disease surveillance reporting and associated factors in Assossa zone, Benishangul Gumuz regional state. Method: Across-sectional institution based study was conducted May to June in 2018, multistage sampling method using proportionate systematic random sample from the health facilities, (n=517) sample size. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression model. Result: Among the total respondent 56.1%, 60.2%, 46.9% public health workers had good knowledge, favorable attitude and practice respectively towards notifiable disease surveillance. The BSC Degree Health professionals have good knowledge with (AOR= 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2, 7.1), having surveillance training to knowledge on surveillance (AOR= 5.5; 95% CI, 2.9, 10.6). Having surveillance training to favorable attitude (AOR= 2.5, 95% CI, 1.6, 4). Surveillance material supply 1.7 times more likely to practice disease surveillance reporting AOR=1.7, 95%CI (1.1, 2.6). Having training to practice public heath surveillance (AOR=1.5, with 95%CI (1.06, 2.3). Format supply to practice with 95%CI (1.09,2.4). Conclusion; The knowledge and attitude of health care workers were good but not much satisfactory as compared to others. Meanwhile practice on surveillance was extremely poor. Knowledge. Attitude and practice of health workers on notifiable disease surveillance are positively influenced by educational status, surveillance material supply and surveillance training.

[Eshetu Yimer shibeshi (BSC, MPH). Knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors of notifiable disease surveillance among public health care workers in Assossa zone, Benishangul Gumuz, west Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2023;20(3):48-61]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 08. doi:10.7537/marslsj200323.08.

Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practice, associated factors; disease; surveillance; west Ethiopia

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