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DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING MOTHERS REGARDING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

Sania Saher¹, Nazia Nayazi²*, Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan¹, Usama Mubarik³, Mashhood Hamid^4*

¹University Institute of Diet & Nutritional sciences, the University of Lahore

²Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Registrar, Family Physician, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: author: nnazianiazi@gmail.com; mashod@live.com

Abstract: The adherence to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is impacted by various factors including maternal knowledge and attitudes, as well as cultural and socio-demographic elements. This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EBF among mothers with infants between 0 and 6 months of age. Additionally, the study explored the factors related to the practice of EBF. Different hospitals with Gynae ward were selected for the study from different areas of Gojra on basis of convenience. 4 hospitals were selected to carry out the study. 200 mothers with infant ages 0–6 months who presented to selected hospitals were selected as sample for current study. For current study data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Current study concluded that only 36% mothers were familiar with term of exclusive breastfeeding and the recommending time of exclusive breastfeeding. Source of information for majority of mothers was family. Mothers are needed to provide education about exclusive breastfeeding and should be encouraged to breastfed for 6 months exclusive. Meanwhile, healthcare practitioners should also provide appropriate training regarding exclusive breastfeeding, so that they can provide education to mothers.

[Sania Saher, Nazia Nayazi, Dr. Muhammad Asif Khan, Usama Mubarik, Mashhood Hamid. DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING MOTHERS REGARDING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):1-7]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

01.doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.01.

Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

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Nutritional Assessment Of Patients Suffring From Chronic Renal Failure With Complications

Sania Saher¹, Maria Aslam¹, Usama Mubarik², Mashhood Hamid³

¹University Institute of Diet & Nutritional sciences, the University of Lahore

²Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

³Registrar, Family Physician, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Email: mashod@live.com; umbhatti@outlook.com

ABSTRACT: Chronic renal disease is generally referred as impaired functioning of kidneys. Occurrence of kidney damage, increased loss of albumin in urine and a decreased glomerular filtration (GFR) rate are the clinical manifestations of chronic renal disease. It is a major health issue worldwide and the rate of this disease is increasing day by day. Objective: To find out the nutritional status of patients suffering from chronic renal failure with complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study performed in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital for a period of 4 months and 100 patients of chronic renal failure with complications were selected by non-probability sampling to conduct the study. Results: Analysis of data revealed that the mean age of participants was 51.22±12.899 and mean BMI was 21.03 kg/m² ± 5.053. Results showed that constipation, pain in back, bad taste and insomnia have positive and significant association with BMI as P value < 0.05. Hence underweight patients were having worse symptoms of disease. The mean hemoglobin was 8.50 ±2.194, mean blood urea was 108.35 ±38.089, mean serum creatinine was 7.20 ±2.799 whereas mean serum sodium was 135.31 ±8.160. The mean of total calories consumed by patients was 726.85±232.168 Kcal. Conclusion: The study concluded that chronic renal failure was more prevalent in adult patients and majority of patients were having a healthy body weight. The levels of blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and serum phosphate were quite high in patients and majority of patients were anemic. Participants were consuming a low caloric and underweight patient were having worse symptoms of disease. BMI and symptoms of disease have a positive association as P value < 0.05. This shows that patients having low BMI have worse symptoms of disease.

[Sania Saher, Maria Aslam, Usama Mubarik, Mashhood Hamid. Nutritional Assessment Of Patients Suffring From Chronic Renal Failure With Complications. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):8-12]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.02.doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.02

Keywords: Nutritional Assessment, Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), Diabetes, Hypertension

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ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN RECEPTOR GENE AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Urooj Fatima¹, Maida Shahid², Shaista Kanwal¹, Mashhood Hamid³, Kinza Aleem⁴, Fatima Shamoon⁴, Rohail⁴, Iqra Munawar⁴, Ayesha Pernia^4*

¹Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore-Pakistan

²Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³Registrar, Family Physician, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus

*Corresponding Email: uroojfatima.gcu@gmail.com; ayeshapernia927@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The common gynecological disorder “Polycystic ovaries syndrome” (PCOS) is the main cause of infertility in females. It is characterized by chronic oligo-anovulation or anovulation and presence of cysts in ovaries. The etiology and genetic basis of disease is still unknown. The aim of current study is to investigate the association of polymorphism of leptin gene receptor (LEPR) with PCOS. A structured questionnaire was obtained from each subject including their symptoms and medical history. The weight gain was observed in PCOS subjects when compared with their controls. Similarly, the body mass index (BMI) of PCOS women was greater than their age matched controls. DNA of all subjects was isolated and the genetic variant rs1137101of leptin gene was selected. The optimization of primers and copies of DNA fragments was done by Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The products were then digested using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The length of Gln223Arg PCR fragment was 481bp and digestion of this fragment occur with Msp I enzyme at 37ᵒC for 6h. The two fragments of length 291bp and 190bp produced after digestion. The frequency of allele “A” was 72 % in PCOS while 46% in their respective control whereas frequency of “G” allele was 28 % in PCOS and 54% in controls (p= 0.001). This study concludes that LEPR gene polymorphism is associated with risk of PCOS in Punjabi population.

[Urooj Fatima, Maida Shahid, Shaista Kanwal, Mashhood Hamid. ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN RECEPTOR GENE AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):13-28]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03.doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.03.

Key word: PCOs, infertility, polymorphism, leptin gene, genetic difference

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Different Mutations in the NADPH Oxidase Enzyme lead to Different Macrophage Responses

Suhailah Khalil Abdulhalim, Dr.Dean Willis

University College London, Gower Street

UK, London WC1E 6BT, Tel: +44 (0) 020 7679 2000

*Correspondence: suhailahak@hotmail.com

Abstract:Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetic disease characterised by a dysfunctional NADPH oxidase with a reduced capacity to produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) needed to defend against pathogens. Mutations in the various subunits of the NADPH enzyme may lead to the manifestation of CGD. In this study, we theorise that different mutations in the subunits of NADPH oxidase result in an altered macrophage response to infection. LPS was found to decrease macrophage viability but also cause increased production of TNFa and IL-1b. The build up of dead macrophages may also contribute to the inflammatory response, characterised by TNFα and IL-1β release from the remaining active cells. PMA; used to differentiate U937 cells into macrophages, becomes cytotoxic to macrophages in a time and dose-dependent fashion. Our hypothesis that mutations in the subunits of NADPH oxidase affect the macrophage response to TLR and inflammasome response was confirmed. However, repeat experimentation and further investigations are necessary to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CGD.

[Suhailah Khalil Abdulhalim, Dr.Dean Willis. Different Mutations in the NADPH Oxidase Enzyme lead to Different Macrophage Responses. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):29-64]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.04.doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.04.

Key Words: CGD, X-linked disorders, NADPH oxidase enzyme and Mutations in genes.

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Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Gezira state, Sudan

Salma M. Yousif¹, Abd Elbasit E. Mohammed², Mohammed A. Elawad³

1. Ministry of Health, Sudan

2. University of Khartoum, Sudan

3. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by some species of the genus Schistosoma e.g.  S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. The disease is widespread in Sudan, particularly in Gezira state, central of Sudan. A community-based study was contacted to measure Problem Magnitude of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Surhan, a village of Gezira state. We examined stool samples of 381 people aged 18 years and over using direct microscopy examination. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis was 13.1% as shown in table 1. In table 2, we displayed the variables i.e., sex, age and contact with canal water, the prevalence in males was 16.9% while in females was 10% the odds ratio was Odds ratio (OR) 1.8155 with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.9941 and 3.3155. Age group from 32 – 45 years bearing a highest burden of the infection (9.9%) (P value =0.01). The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was 17.2% in people who were going in contact with canal water, and the risk factor (RR) was 2.4053, 95% confidence interval between 1.2720 and 4.5483. The study concluded that, the intestinal schistosomiasis was still a public health problem and affected productive ages due to interplay with canal water.

[Salma M. Yousif, Abd Elbasit E. Mohammed, Mohammed A. Elawad. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Gezira state, Sudan. Life Sci J 2023;20(2):65-68]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.05.doi:10.7537/marslsj200223.05.

Key word: intestinal, schistosomiasis, S. mansoni, prevalence, Gezira

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