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DRUGS ABUSE AMONGST YOUTH IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS

Saba Noreen^1*, Uzma Ramzan¹, Farman Haider¹, Mudassara Perveen^2*

¹Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of computer science, Government college university of Faisalabad.

*Corresponding author: newshahzad2001@yahoo.com; mudassaraperveen123@gmail.com

Abstract: Drug abuse is one of the central public health problem throughout the international world that is affected by some economic and social burden to different countries. The objective of this study was to explore determinants of the drug abuse amongst youth in higher learning institutions. The specific objectives were to establish how family factors influence the prevalence of drug and scrutinize how socio-economic factors influence the prevalence of drugs. Assess how peer relationships effect the prevalence of drugs and inaugurate how institution related factors influence the drug abuse amongst youth in higher learning institutions and focus on Baha Uddin Zakariya University Multan, Govt. College University Faisalabad and University of Sargodha Faisalabad campus. Through random sampling, 65 students from each institution were selected and total 195 sample size. The study employed primary data where data collection was conducted through a self- administered questionnaire. Quantitative data was collected and it was analyzed by descriptive analysis technique and inner Self Square. The study employed a descriptive survey research design which resulted in the following findings: Lack of direction, monitoring, rejection, isolation and spiritual emptiness, socio-economic status, cost of drugs, parent's level of education and family size, peer grouping, exposure to drug by friends, low self-esteem and poor labor-market productivity, unconcerned university administrations, general performance in university and potential to increase academic attainment were independent variables that ultimately affected prevalence of drugs. Therefore, the study concluded that indeed family factors, socio economic factors, peer relationships and university factors were determinants of drug abuse amongst youth in higher learning institutions.

[Saba Noreen, Uzma Ramzan, Farman Haider, Mudassara Perveen. DRUGS ABUSE AMONGST YOUTH IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):1-12]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 01. doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.01.

Key words: Drug abuse, Pakistan, youth

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Effect of Abusive and Verbal Behaviors of Coaches on Sport Training of Players

Saba Noreen^1*, Uzma Ramzan¹, Mudassara Perveen^2*

¹Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of computer science, Government college university of Faisalabad.

*Corresponding author: newshahzad2001@yahoo.com; mudassaraperveen123@gmail.com

Abstract: Team sports have become a vital informal learning setting in which athletes are taught, motivated and mentored by their coaches. This descriptive study examined the effects of abusive and verbal behavior of coaches on sports training of player. A well-designed questionnaire adopted for the collection of data. To find out the psychological impact anxiety, aggression verbal and abusive behavior of coaches on sports performance of players. To find out social support on sports performance of players. What an economic effect on sports performance of players abusive and verbal behavior of coaches. To find out a significant level of psychological effect, economic as well as anxiety and aggression effect on abusive and verbal behavior of coaches. To find out aggression effect on sports performance results revealed that athletes who are verbally aggressive exposed were significantly less motivated and perceived the coach as less credible than athletes who were exposed to a coach having good affirming style. Verbally aggressive coach less competent, trustworthy and caring than a coach who used affirming style. Coach behavior identified psychological, anxiety to affect the performance of players in sports. Moreover, it is recommended that greater attention be paid to examining the holistic effect of athlete’s experience of abusive and verbally behavior in sport, including emotional abuse and social and educational and spiritual well-being of the athletes. Finally, the experience coaching behavior and the such coaches is required.

[Saba Noreen, Uzma Ramzan, Mudassara Perveen. Effect of Abusive and Verbal Behaviors of Coaches on Sport Training of Players. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):13-25]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 02. doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.02.

Key words:   Coaches, sport, athletes

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Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Gezira state, Sudan

Salma M. Yousif¹, Abd Elbasit E. Mohammed², Mohammed A. Elawad³

1. Ministry of Health, Sudan

Salma931991@gmail.com

2. University of Khartoum, Sudan

healthabdalbasit@gmail.com

3. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

dmohelawad@gmail.com

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by some species of the genus Schistosoma e.g.  S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. The disease is widespread in Sudan, particularly in Gezira state, central of Sudan. A community-based study was contacted to measure Problem Magnitude of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Surhan, a village of Gezira state. We examined stool samples of 381 people aged 18 years and over using direct microscopy examination. The sample size was determined using statistical equation and study population were selected by simple random sampling. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis was 13.1%. The prevalence in males was 16.9% while in females was 10% the odds ratio was Odds ratio (OR) 1.8155 with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.9941 and 3.3155. Age group from 32 – 45 years bearing a highest burden of the infection (9.9%) (P value =0.01). The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was 17.2% in people who were going in contact with canal water, and the risk factor (RR) was 2.4053, 95% confidence interval between 1.2720 and 4.5483. The study concluded that, the intestinal schistosomiasis was still a public health problem and affected productive ages due to interplay with canal water.

[Salma M. Yousif, Abd Elbasit E. Mohammed, Mohammed A. Elawad. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in adult residents in Gezira state, Sudan. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):26-30]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 03. doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.03.

Key word: intestinal, schistosomiasis, S. mansoni, prevalence, Gezira

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Effects of combined application of biochar and microorganism on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco

   Haohao Hao^1#, Yuanyang Yang^2#, Junlin Wu¹, Kang Feng ², Lan Cheng², Weihuan Jin^2*, Hongxiang Guo^2*

¹Zhumadian Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China; ²College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China

guohongxiang06@126.com

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of soil degradation and yield reduction in tobacco production, the experiment of biochar application with microbial bacteria was carried out in Zhumadian tobacco field of Henan Province with Zhongyan 100 as material. The effects of biochar application with microbial bacteria were evaluated by analyzing the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the combination of biochar and microorganism could promote the expression of key enzyme genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and increase their activities in tobacco leaves. The soluble sugar content and the activities of resistance-related enzymes PAL, SOD, POD and CAT were increased, the disease resistance of tobacco leaf was enhanced, the occurrence of black shank disease, root rot disease and bacterial wilt disease was significantly reduced, and the average price, yield and output value of tobacco leaf were increased.

[Haohao Hao, Yuanyang Yang, Junlin Wu, Kang Feng, Lan Cheng, Weihuan Jin, Hongxiang Guo. Effects of combined application of biochar and microorganism on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):31-34].  ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).  http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 04. doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.04.

Keywords: Flue-cured tobacco; Biochar；Microbial bacteria; Carbon and nitrogen metabolism; Disease resistance

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Cataract Improvement by the Mixture of Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium Huoshanense - A Preliminary Study in Animals

Fai-Mei¹ and Chi-Ting Horng^2,3*

1.Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

2.Department of Pharmacy, Taijen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.

3.Department of Ophthalmology, Pingtung, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author: Chi-Ting Horng, M.D. Ph.D

Abstract: Introduction: Cataract is a primary cause of decreasing vision that includes the development of presbyopia. Methods: A total the 36 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 and 8 weeks were enrolled. The mixed herbal water extracts (MHWE) were designed, including Cassiae semen, wolfberry, and Dendrobium houshanese in one serving. Each serving consisted of a total of 0.04 mg of mixed drugs in 10 mL of drinking water. First, the cataract model was established by a 26 gauge needle puncture, and all the left eyes of 36 SD rats were diagnosed with cataracts. They were randomly categorized into four groups receiving different doses for 2 months. The groups included placebo, low dose group (LDG; one serving daily), middle dose group (MDG; two servings daily), and high dose group (HDG; three servings daily). The changes in cataracts during the whole study were observed. Results: The percent of improvement in cataracts was 0%, 33.3%, 50%, and 66.6% in placebo, LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We boldly suggested that MHWE may enhance the improvement in the lens of the eye. In humans, taking MHWE may possibly benefit cataract formation, especially in the early stage. [Fai-Mei, Chi-Ting Horng. Cataract Improvement by the Mixture of Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium Huoshanense - A Preliminary Study in Animals. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):35-38]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 05. doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.05.

Keywords: Presbyopia, Semen Cassiae, Wolfberry, Dendrobium huoshanense

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LDL and HDL-cholesterol: How to deal in human populations?

AUTHORS

Shah Murad, HOD Pharmacology at IMDC Islamabad Pakistan.

M Ismail Khoso, Consultant Physician at CMH Mangla, Pakistan

Saleemullah Abro, Assistant Professor of Physiology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi Pakistan

Wajid Abro, Research Scholar at Microbiology at BMSI, JPMC Karachi Pakistan

Tarique Ahmed Maka, ENT Specialist at CMH Mangla, Pakistan

Seema Shah Murad, Gynecologist at IMDC Pakistan

Quratulain Saleem, AP Community Medicine Department at KMDC, karachi

CORESPOND AUTHOR:  Dr S Murad, HOD, Pharmacology at DANTH and IM&DC, Islamabad-Pakistan

shahhmurad65@gmail.com

Abstract: As the pathophysiology of dyslipidemias is clarified, one system is likely to emerge in which the underlying mechanism explains the phenotypic pattern observed on lipoprotein analysis. Every day, millions of vials of blood are drawn to assess patients’ risk for the disease. These tests measure three biomarkers, or factors in the blood known to be associated with CAD: low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoproteins (HDL cholesterol), and triglycerides. All three biomarkers are lipids – water-insoluble molecules that are among the structural and functional building blocks of living cells. Highly altered Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension are independent and reversible determinants for coronary artery disease. Hypolipidemia can prevent hyperlipidemic patients to be victim of coronary artery disease. This study was conducted to compare hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Jujube fruit in primary as well as secondary hyperlipidemic patients. Study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 at Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female hyperlipidemic patients age range from 20 to 70 years. Written and explained consent was taken from all patients. They were divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take two grams Niacin in divided doses for the period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the period of two months. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. After two months therapy, their post treatment lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. It was concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering agent, but it does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly.

[Shah Murad, M Ismail Khoso,Saleemullah Abro,Wajid Abro, Tarique Ahmed Maka, Seema Shah Murad, Quratulain Saleem. LDL and HDL-cholesterol: How to deal in human populations?. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):39-42]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 06.doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.06.

Keywords: LDL; HDL-cholesterol; human; populations

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Corrosion Behavior of Copper Alloys in Seawater with emphasis on UNC C97500

Danial Nazeran

Department of Material Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorasan Razavi, Iran nazerandanial@yahoo.com

Abstract: Copper based alloys are frequently used in marine water systems. They have indeed an attractive price and offer interesting mechanical characteristics associated to a relatively good resistance to corrosion in sea water. Nevertheless, they can suffer from certain forms of corrosion such as localized corrosion with sulphides pollution, crevice corrosion, or stress corrosion cracking in sea water more or less polluted with ammonia. The author's purpose is to provide guidelines that will allow the engineer to make a reasonable estimate of the effect of the environment on the performance of copper alloys. The charts and summaries provide useful guideposts, but they can never replace the experience, specific data, or properly conducted evaluations so necessary to the successful use of materials. Temperature and pH values that are normal for the waters and usage under consideration are assumed. The principal constituents of water that affect the performance of copper alloys are dissolved oxygen, nutrients, bacteria, biofouling, organisms, sediment, trash, debris, and residual chlorine from the chlorination practice. Dissolved oxygen is usually reported in standard water analyses. Although the nature of sediments, bacteria, nutrients, biofouling organisms, debris, or chlorine present are often critical to performance, information on these important constituents is seldom included in water analyses and must be sought elsewhere.

[Danial Nazeran. Corrosion Behavior of Copper Alloys in Seawater with emphasis on UNC C97500. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):43-50]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 07.

doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.07.

Keywords: Copper based alloys, UNC, C97500, marine water systems.

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Expression and analysis of two-partner Secretion system of Neisseria meningitidis using heterologous host Escherichia coli

Sadeeq ur Rahman ¹*, Attaur Rahman¹, Ijaz Ali⁴, Hamayun Khan⁵, Muhammad Akbar Shahid⁶, Nazir Ahmed Khan² and Irshad Ahmed³

¹Abdul Wali Khan University, College of veterinary Sciences and AH, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

² Deparment of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

³Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

⁴ Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁵ Deparment of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

⁶ University of veterinary and animal scinces Lahore Pakistan

*) corresponding author

e-mail:      Dr. Sadeeq ur Rahman, E-mail: Sadeeq@awkum.edu.pk tel.:   +92-937-9230657-58 Ext; 1057

Abstract: In Two-Partner Secretion (TPS) systems of Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane-embedded TpsB transporter is dedicated for the transport of a large exoprotein, generically called TpsA. TpsBs consist of a C-terminal 16-stranded β barrel and two periplasmic polypeptide transport- associated (POTRA) domains that initiate outer membrane translocation once engaged with the N-terminal two-partner secretion (TPS) domain of TpsA protein. Neisseria meningitidis (NM), a commensel of human oral-mucosal epithelium that can sometime leads to sepsis and meningitis,  encodes complex sets of TPS associated open reading frames comprising a total of two TpsB-transporters and five TpsA secreted proteins.  Mechanism of secretion of TpsA protein and molecular determinants of interaction interface are still to understand. Expression and optimization of neisserial TPS systems in ordinary laboratory host strains such as E. coli MC1061 is highly desirable for convenient handling and reduced hazards associated with pathogens. Therefore, in the current study, we reconstituted TPS-2 of NM by cloning TpsB2 downstream to its substrate TpsA protein in neisserial expression vector pEN and expressed them in heterologous host Escherichia coli MC106 and its orthologs DHB4. Our results indicate that TPS system 2 secretes its TpsA substrate as efficient as like in the wild type host NM. The secretion was IPTG dose dependent up to some level and TpsB2 was properly integrated, folded and stably operated in the outer membrane as like in the wild type host NM. The tool will be useful to further investigate and unravel the molecular determinants involved during initial interaction and most importantly for large scale production of the recombinant TPS components for downstream procedures such as crystallography and protein localization studies.

[Sadeeq ur Rahman , Attaur Rahman, Ijaz Ali, Hamayun Khan, Muhammad Akbar Shahid, Nazir Ahmed Khan  and Irshad Ahmed. Expression and analysis of two-partner Secretion system of Neisseria meningitidis using heterologous host Escherichia coli. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):51-57]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.  08.doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.08.

Key words: Two-partner secretion systems, heterologous protein expression, Neisseria meningitidis, TpsA , TpsB

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Cataract Improvement by the Mixture of Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium Huoshanense - A Preliminary Study in Animals

Fai-Mei¹ and Chi-Ting Horng^2,3*

1.Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

2.Department of Pharmacy, Taijen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.

3.Department of Ophthalmology, Pingtung, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author: Chi-Ting Horng, M.D. Ph.D

Abstract: Introduction: Cataract is a primary cause of decreasing vision that includes the development of presbyopia. Methods: A total the 36 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 and 8 weeks were enrolled. The mixed herbal water extracts (MHWE) were designed, including Cassiae semen, wolfberry, and Dendrobium houshanese in one serving. Each serving consisted of a total of 0.04 mg of mixed drugs in 10 mL of drinking water. First, the cataract model was established by a 26 gauge needle puncture, and all the left eyes of 36 SD rats were diagnosed with cataracts. They were randomly categorized into four groups receiving different doses for 2 months. The groups included placebo, low dose group (LDG; one serving daily), middle dose group (MDG; two servings daily), and high dose group (HDG; three servings daily). The changes in cataracts during the whole study were observed. Results: The percent of improvement in cataracts was 0%, 33.3%, 50%, and 66.6% in placebo, LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We boldly suggested that MHWE may enhance the improvement in the lens of the eye. In humans, taking MHWE may possibly benefit cataract formation, especially in the early stage.

[Fai-Mei, Chi-Ting Horng. Cataract Improvement by the Mixture of Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium Huoshanense - A Preliminary Study in Animals. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):58-61]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 09.doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.09.

Keywords: : Presbyopia, Semen Cassiae, Wolfberry, Dendrobium huoshanense

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Development of a Decision Support Tool for Analyzing the Avian Conservation Measures in Semi-Arid Region

Mugdha Singh

Associate Edito, Creature Companions Magazine

PhD in wildlife science

Alumni, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, INDIA

Sunil Pratap Singh

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior, INDIA

A. K. Sinha

Professor Emeritus, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, INDIA

Preetvanti Singh

Professor

Department of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, INDIA

Corresponding Author

Preetvanti Singh

Professor (Computer Science), Department of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra, INDIA

Email-id: preetvantisingh@gmail.com

Abstract： With the increasing loss of bird species, worldwide, Aves conservation and management has become a great concern for researchers. This has become very important because of scientific value of the birds, and being indicators of environment conditions. Avian conservation and management is a complex decision making problem as it includes monitoring the birds, determining the reasons for decline in bird species, and then devising conservation strategies. The use of a computer-based decision support system can help in making decisions for effective conservation and management of Aves. This paper documents the design and development of an intelligent tool, the Avian Conservation Support System (AC-DSS), to analyze the avian diversity and then suggest decision measures for effective conservation and management of avian fauna in a semi-arid region. The framework of the system involves measuring and mapping the biodiversity, collecting data of the Aves population, analyzing the avian diversity, identifying and analyzing the threats, and formulating conservation and management strategies.

[Mugdha Singh, Sunil Pratap Singh. A. K. Sinha.Preetvanti Singh.Development of a Decision Support Tool for Analyzing the Avian Conservation Measures in Semi-Arid Region. Life Sci J 2022;19(9):62-84]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10.doi:10.7537/marslsj190922.10.

Keywords:        Avian diversity; Decision support system; conservation, management; multi-criteria decision making; Intelligent.

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