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A critical review on potential role of nanotechnology in food safety

Jahan Zaib Ashraf^1*, Tayyaba Gull², Khadija Ramzan², Summaia Fordos², Zainab², Husnain rasheed², Maira Anam²

¹Management of innovation in agricultural and food system of the Mediterranean region

²National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding Email: jahanzaib.ashraf@unifg.it; maira.anam38@gmail.com

Abstract: Food safety is a great concerning issue around the world. Ensuring a sustainable supply of nutrient-dense and safe food is a grand challenge. This review assesses applications of nano-materials in food packaging, processing and safety issues. Nanotechnology has potential applications in all aspects of food sectors including food processing, food packaging, food monitoring, production of functional foods, development of foods capable of modifying their colour, flavour or nutritional properties according to a person’s dietary needs as well as production of stronger flavourings, colourings and nutritional food additives. Moreover, lowering the costs of food additive ingredients and increasing the shelf life of food products could be achieved using this technology. Nano-materials particularly nanoparticles due to their mechanical, optical, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties could play a major role in food packaging. Nano food processing and products can change the color, flavor, or sensory characteristics; they also change the nutritional functionality, removes chemicals or pathogens from food. Nanobarcodes are used for safety labeling and monitor distribution of food products. This review summarizes the potential of nanoparticles for their uses in the food industry in order to provide consumers a safe and contamination free food and to ensure the consumer acceptability of the food with enhanced functional properties.

[Jahan Zaib Ashraf, Tayyaba Gull, Khadija Ramzan, Summaia Fordos, Zainab, Husnain rasheed, Maira Anam. A critical review on potential role of nanotechnology in food safety. Life Sci J 2022;19(5):1-7]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.01.

Keywords: Food safety, Nanotechnology, Food security

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Different Acupuncture for Neurodynia and Skin Lesions with Acute Herpes Zoster

Guohua Lin¹, Yunkuan Yang², Hongxing Zhang³, LiXia Li^4*, Chuyun Chen⁴,Yue Liu ⁵, Xu Shan Cha¹, Qian Li¹

¹The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

²Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

³Wuhan NO.1 Hospital

⁴Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

⁵The Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Provice

^＊Corresponding authors: LiXia Li

Address to:Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 16 Airport Road, Guangzhou 510000, China.

Tel.: +86 020-36591372;

Fax: +86 020-36588747;

E-mail: lilixia111@yeah.net

Abstract: To analyze the effectiveness of different acupuncture-moxibustion therapies for neurodynia and skin lesions of acute herpes zoster. From April 2007 to October 2009, 500 patients with clinical acute herpes zoster were included in study. They were randomly divided into five groups as follow: electroacupuncture; electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion; electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture; electroacupuncture + tapping combined with cupping; control group of western medicine. The time of staunch bleb, scab and scab off had no obvious statistical difference in electroacupuncture; electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion; electroacupuncture+fire acupuncture; electroacupuncture + tapping combined with cupping and control group, however, five methods could obviously reduce symptom of herpes zoster and improved general symptom. Within five days of treatment, compared to control, the other four methods could ameliorated more quickly the general symptom of herpes zoster, and electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture was superior to electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion. Acute herpes zoster is reduced during treatment, electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion, electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture and electroacupuncture + tapping could relieved neuralgia and shortened duration of pain, which was superior to control group treatment with western medicine. In addition, within first 3 days of treatment, the efficacy of treatment with electroacupuncture, electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture or electroacupuncture + tapping was superior to that of electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion, and electroacupuncture+fire acupuncture was better to electroacupuncture. After five days or end-of-treatment, the efficiency of odynolysis by treatment with electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture, electroacupuncture + tapping or electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion was no more than electroacupuncture. The incidence of neurodynia was reduced after treatment with electroacupuncture + cotton-pave moxibustion, electroacupuncture + fire acupuncture or electroacupuncture + tapping at 30th, 60th and 90th day, and pain of postherpetic neuralgia was relived. It is a certain advantages for organism reparation, abatement of neurodynia, reduction of postherpetic neuralgia by acupuncture treatment.

[Guohua Lin, Yunkuan Yang, Hongxing Zhang, LiXia Li, Chuyun Chen, Yue Liu , Xu Shan Cha, Qian Li. Different Acupuncture for Neurodynia and Skin Lesions with Acute Herpes Zoster. Life Sci J 2022;19(5):8-16]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.02.

Keywords: herpes zoster; acute; neurodynia; acupuncture treatment

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Comparison of  the Effects of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrehea.

1 Kooshki A, 2Tofighiyan T, 3Rakhshani M H.

1. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar,Iran

2.Department of nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar,Iran

3.Department of Statictis, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar,Iran

E-mail:akooshki.nutr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Dysmenorrhea is common gynecological problem among women. This study was done to examine  the effects omega-3 fatty acid compared to ibuprofen on dysmenorrhea. A double- blind crossover study was conducted among 18-22 years old female student. Women assigned to group 1 received 2 omega-3 capsules daily in the morning and night after food for 2 month and group 2 receive 400 mg ibuprofen very 8 hours in three days. It was a one month washout period. Then each group received drug other group. Data were gathered the start, after 8  and 20 weeks by using the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale questionare. Data were analyzed using spss 16.0 via Paired t- test and Repeated Measurement. The mean age of students was 20.35 ± 1.03 years and their mean BMI was 21.03 ± 2.40 kg /m2. Result showed a marked reduction in pain intensity after treatment with omega-3(P<0.05). Also our results indicate that in the first day(P=0.28), the second day(P=0.30)  and the  third day(P=0.67) of  menstruation,  the effect  of omega-3 and ibuprofen  was similar. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with omeg-3 fatty acid can reduced noticeable pain as ibuprofen among young women with primary dysmenorrhea.

[Kooshki A, Tofighiyan T, Rakhshani M H. Comparison of  the Effects of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrehea. Life Sci J 2022;19(5):17-19]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.03.

Key word: Dysmenorrhea, Omega-3, ibuprofen

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Chemical composition and in situ digestion kinetics of urea-molasses treated fallen leaves of Quercus rugosa

Carrillo-Muro Octavio¹, Ramírez Roque Gonzalo¹, Hernández-Briano Pedro², López-Carlos Marco Antonio², González-Ronquillo Manuel³, Aguilera-Soto Jairo Iván^2,*

¹Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66450, México

²Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Gral. Enrique Estrada, Zacatecas, 98560, México

³Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50090, México.

aguileraivan@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the use of urea (0, 2, 4 and 6%) and or molasses (0, 15, 30 and 45%) on the nutritive value of leaves of Quercus rugosa Née The in situ digestibility of dry matter (ISDDM) was also estimated. The metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of lactancy (NEl), the organic matter digestion coefficient (OMD) and short chain volatile fatty acids (SCFA) were determined from data of the in vitro gas production. Leaves were collected from three sites: site 1 was located in Tequila, county of the state of Jalisco; site 2 was situated in Teul de González Ortega county of the state of Zacatecas, México, and site 3 in San Cristobal de La Barranca county of the state of Jalisco, México. In general, the organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents diminished as the levels of molasses increased in diets. Conversely, crude protein, nonfiber carbohydrates, ash, ME, NEl and SCFA contents and ISDMD augmented as molasses increased. In general, when urea and molasses were higher, the fractions a, b, a+b  of the in situ digestibility were higher. In all the molasses mixtures, with addition of urea at 4 or 6% had higher chemical composition and in situ digestibility.

[Carrillo-Muro O, Ramírez RG, Hernández-Briano P, López-Carlos MA, González-Ronquillo M, Aguilera-Soto JI^, Chemical composition and in situ digestion kinetics of urea-molasses treated fallen leaves of Quercus rugosa.  Life Sci J 2022;19(5):20-27]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.04.

Keywords: Quercus rugosa; chemical composition; in situ digestibility; urea; molasses.

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Needs Assessment of the Residents at a University Hospital Regarding Continuing Professional Development

Doaa Elkherbetawy ¹,   Wagdy Talaat ², Mohamed H. Kamal³,  Nahla Hassan ^1*

1 Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University

2 Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University

3 Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University

* nahlah_med@yahoo.com

Abstract: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a continuing learning process that complements formal undergraduate and postgraduate education and training. This study aimed at assessing the needs of the residents working at the Suez Canal University Hospital regarding Continuing Professional Development in order to develop the residents' competences. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The target population included the resident doctors working at Suez Canal University Hospital. The sample size was 113 resident doctors (all the resident doctors at the time of the study were included in the study sample). The instrument used in this study was a self administered anonymous questionnaire. The 38 items of the questionnaire encompasses five categories:   the importance of CPD after graduation, the already used and available tools of CPD, the best and most useful tools of CPD, the frequency of being engaged in such methods, the need of CPD in some suggested areas not directly related to the residents' specialty and the challenges and barriers facing the residents' regarding CPD. For the majority of the resident doctors, there is an importance of CPD after graduation as they were not satisfied with the currently used methods of CPD. Among the suggested methods of CPD; clinical training, educational courses and workshops were ranked by the residents as highly useful while portfolio and electronic learning were rated as relatively the least useful methods also most of the resident doctors were in favor of the need for CPD in some areas not directly related to their specialty such as language, administrative skills and leadership skills. The study concluded that there is a real need to introduce a well-designed system of CPD for the resident physicians working at Suez Canal University Hospital taking in consideration the proper selection of the methods as well as the fields of training.

[Doaa Elkherbetawy,   Wagdy Talaat, Mohamed H. Kamal,  Nahla Hassan. Needs Assessment of the Residents at a University Hospital Regarding Continuing Professional Development. Life Sci J 2022;19(5):28-34]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.05.

Keywords: Continuing Professional Development, resident doctors, needs assessment, methods and tools

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Molecular Characterization, Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression of a Porcine Gene-COMT

Yang Jie, Zhao Guiying＊

College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China

309693726@qq.com

Abstract: The full-length cDNA sequences of one porcine gene, COMT, was amplified using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method based on one pig EST sequence which was highly homologous to the coding sequence of human COMT gene. Sequence prediction analysis revealed that the open reading frame of this gene encodes a protein of 270 amino acids that has high homology with the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) of seven species: cattle (82%), horse (79%), human (77%), chimpanzee (77%), rhesus monkey (76%), mouse (76%) and rat (74%)—so that it can be defined as porcine COMT gene. This novel porcine gene was assigned to GeneID: 100155530. This gene is structured in four exons and three introns as revealed by computer-assisted analysis. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the porcine COMT gene has a closer genetic relationship with the COMT gene of cattle. Tissue expression analysis indicated that the porcine COMT gene is generally and differentially expressed in detected tissues including spleen, muscle, skin, kidney, lung, liver, fat and heart. Our experiment is the first to establish the primary foundation for further research on the porcine COMT gene.

[Yang Jie,  Zhao Guiying. NMolecular Characterization, Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression of a Porcine Gene-COMT.  Life Sci J 2022;19(5):35-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.06.

Key words: pig; COMT; RACE; Tissue Expression Profile; Sequence Identification

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Effect of vitamin E (Dl-all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate) and nano particle of selenium on growth, survival, body composition and whole body Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901))

Davoud Tahmasbi1, Saeid Gorgin2*, Mohammad Mazendarani2, Mohammad Sudagar2

1 MSc. Student of Fisheries and Exploitation Department, College of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries and Exploitation, College of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

* Corresponding author: +989111709792, Email: sgorgin@gau.ac.ir

Abstract: Iranian Fisheries Organization releases millions of kutum fingerlings to the sea annually to restock its population. The survival rate of the fish at releasing time depends on their resistance. If they are feeding on a suitable diet, they will get adequate resistance. Vitamins and minerals are fundamental components of a diet. Therefore, the effect of vitamin E (100 mg kg-1) and nano-selenium (1 mg kg-1), which have nutritional relationship, separately and in combination with together was investigated on growth, survival, carcass composition, whole body glutathione peroxidase activity and whole body malondialdehyde content of Caspian kutum. Results showed that vitamin E is capable to improve growth, FCR and WG in Kutum fingerlings; however, nano-selenium is not. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in the fish fed on the diets containing nano-selenium (T-2 and T-3) than the fish fed on the diets without nano-selenium supplementation (control and T-1). There was no significant difference in the fish carcass composition and whole body malondialdehyde among the treatments. According to this study, vitamin E can improve the growth and selenium can improve the glutathione peroxidase activity in kutum larva.

[Davoud Tahmasbi, Saeid Gorgin, Mohammad Mazendarani, Mohammad Sudagar. Effect of vitamin E (Dl-all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate) and nano particle of selenium on growth, survival, body composition and whole body Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901)).  Life Sci J 2022;19(5):42-48]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.07.

Keyword:Vitamin E, nano-selenium, Growth performance, Glutathione peroxidase, Malondialdehyde.

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Arterial Supply of Atrioventricular node and bundle in relation to degree of stenosis of coronary artery among population of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Coronary Angiography Study)

Mohamed S. Farag¹, Ali Hassan A. Ali ^2,3*,  Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif ⁴

1         Professor of Histology Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

2         Associate Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

3         Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

4         Lecturer of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

* Corresponding author:

Dr. Ali Hassan A. Ali

Associate Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine

Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

Tel:+966(11)5886171; Fax:+966(11)5886101

E.mail: alihassan3750@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the dominant coronary artery as well as evaluating the arterial supply of atrio-ventricular node and bundle in relation to degree of stenosis of coronary artery among Saudi population by using the Coronary Angiography. This was a retrospective type of study carried out on patients reporting to King Fahad Cardiac Center in Riyadh from January 2016 to November 2016 .The study conduct in (260 patients of both genders over 15 years records were collected as sample) whose coronary artery angiography their findings showed pathology in coronary arteries. The finding showed that among males and females Saudis’ patients the majority were RCA dominant (59.23%), they also showed that both RCA and LAD had equal viability to stenosis.  No correlation were found between the sex and the site of stenosis. The findings also have shown that there is weak correlation between the DCA and the degree of reduction in the RCA (0.192) as well as LAD (0.294) stenosis.

[Mohamed S. Farag, Ali Hassan A. Ali,  Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif. Arterial Supply of Atrioventricular node and bundle in relation to degree of stenosis of coronary artery among population of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Coronary Angiography Study).  Life Sci J 2022;19(5):49-59]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.08.

Keywords: Arterial; Supply; Atrioventricular; node; bundle; stenosis; coronary artery; Angiography

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Nutritional profile of leaf litterfall as feed resource for grazing animals in semiarid regions

Rodríguez Santillán P.¹, Ramírez Lozano R.G.¹, Guerrero Cervantes M.^4*, Bernal Barragán H.², González Rodríguez H.³, Salem, A.Z.M.⁵, Juárez Reyes A.S.⁴

¹Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Alimentos. Pedro de Alba y Manuel Barragán S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66451, México.

²Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. Francisco Villa S/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, Escobedo, N.L. 66450, México.

³Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, A.P. 41, Linares, N.L. 67700, México.

⁴Universidad Juárez de Estado de Durango, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Km 11.5 Carretera Durango-Mezquital, Durango, 34280, México.

⁵Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Carretera a Tlachaloya SN, Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090. Toluca de LerdoMéxico. México.

Corresponding author: mgc1177@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract: Leaf litterfall samples, monthly collected (2008) in two sites (Crucitas and Campus) at the Tamaulipan Thornscrub vegetation from northeastern Mexico, were subjected to chemical, in vitro fermentation assays. Thus, in vitro gas production at 24 hours, metabolizable energy and microbial protein synthesis were estimated. The presence of significant interactions for all variables (except the interaction site*month for the ash content) indicated that the studied factors are not independent among them. Considering the whole year and both sites, the neutral detergent fiber content were higher (41.6 vs 33%) and ether extract (3.7 vs 3.3%) in Campus site than in Crucitas site. Conversely, Campus site had higher ash content (13.6 vs 10.0%), crude protein (13 vs 9%), in vitro true organic matter digestibility (74 vs 62%), metabolizable energy (11.5 vs 9.5 MJ/kg dry matter), gas production (50 vs 65) and microbial protein (6.0 vs 5.4 µmol) than Crucitas site. In Crucitas site, the lower values for neutral detergent fiber fraction and higher values for crude protein content (28 vs 12.3%) were during the period of January to June, but in Campus site was just the opposite (42% vs 9.0%). It is concluded that the most of samples of litter fall in all months (except for crude protein in Campus site) have a good nutrient concentration and digestibility. Additionally, the estimated annual leaf litter production in Crucitas site and Campus site of 5.1 and 3.8 ton ha^-1, respectively is considered as enough biomass availability to meet the maintenance and weight gain requirements in adult range small ruminants.

[Rodríguez Santillán P., Ramírez Lozano R.G., Guerrero Cervantes M., Bernal Barragán H., González Rodríguez H., Salem, A.Z.M., Juárez Reyes A.S. Nutritional profile of leaf litterfall as feed resource for grazing animals in semiarid regions.  Life Sci J 2022;19(5):60-69]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj190522.09.

Keywords: chemical composition; in vitro gas production parameters; leaf litter; Tamaulipan Thornscrub vegetation.

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