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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Seriphidium chitralense Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus

 Sahibzada Muhammad Adnan¹, Wajiha Khan¹, Saima Jadoon², Zubair Ashraf¹, Hafza Behroz Mehvish¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

²Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

saima.jadoon95@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, the crude extract of the plant of Mulkhow valley district Chitral, Seriphidium chitralense was investigated for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. Crude extract was prepared using two solvent system methanol, and ethyl acetate. The result of the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract was good having greater zone of inhibition against S. aureus, but the MIC and MBC value of ethyl acetate was greater than the methanolic extract. Methanolic extract shows better MIC value. The extracts were further evaluated for their ability in inhibiting biofilm formation by S. aureus, both extracts showed a dose dependent antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. The effect of plant extracts on the growth curves of S. aureus showed a slight difference in treated cells as compared to positive control. Antihemolytic activity of the extracts was performed against human erythrocytes, the hemolytic percentage of the extracts observed was low as 15% and 15.7% for methanolic and ethyl acetate respectively at the concentration of 1000 µg/mL. S. chitralense can be used for further study for isolation of active compounds for their antimicrobial activity against wide range of pathogens and could be useful in pharmaceutical industries for drug discoveries. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Seriphidium chitralense Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus.

[Sahibzada Muhammad Adnan, Wajiha Khan, Saima Jadoon, Zubair Ashraf, Hafza Behroz Mehvish. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Seriphidium chitralense Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):1-9]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.01.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Seriphidium, Staphylococcus, chitral, plant.

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Influence of pectinase and cellulase extracts on carob juice yield and quality

Leila TOUNSI and Nabil KECHAOU

Université de Sfax, École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Groupe de Recherche en Génie des Procédés Agroalimentaires, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.

Corresponding author: Leila Tounsi, Tel: +216 20623235, Mail: leila.tounsi.enis@gmail.com

Abstract: This work presented the first report producing a juice from carob pods using hot water extraction without and with the addition of cellulase and pectinase extracts. It focused on the physico-chemical characterization of carob pods and raw juice, as well as the effect of enzymatic treatment on juice yield and quality. Carob juice was prepared from whole carob pods with hot water extraction (50 °C for 2 h) and enzymatic treatment was carried out by the addition of fungal enzyme extracts (cellulase extract and pectinase extract) during juice processing at different concentrations. The raw carob juice was characterized by high sugars content, but also, high viscosity and turbidity. The enzymatic treatment induced significant decreases in the physical parameters values (turbidity, viscosity and clarity), and thus significant increase in juice yield. Among enzymatic treatment, the extraction with 2% of pectinase extract gave the highest recovery yield and the lower physical parameters values if compared to the control without enzyme (recovery yield: 85.60 vs 68.80 %; turbidity: 204 vs 681.5 NTU; viscosity 14.4 vs 256 mP.s; clarity: 0.22 vs 0.87). Enzymatic treatment with pectinase extract was proved to be efficient to improve the physical quality of carob juice with the maximum yield. Therefore, this study suggests the production of clarified carob juice using pectinase treatment on industrial scale.

[Leila TOUNSI and Nabil KECHAOU. Influence of pectinase and cellulase extracts on carob juice yield and quality. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):10-20]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.02.

Keywords: carob pods; carob juice; enzymatic extraction, turbidity, viscosity, clarity

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Management of Grey mold of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) through essential oils

Amar Ahmed Khan¹, Amer Habib¹, Waqas Ahmed Khan¹, Muhammad Ubair Arif²

¹Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: amarkhan4855@gmail.com

Abstract: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit growing all over the world. Different pathogens attack on pomegranate fruit and cause considerable post-harvest losses to farmers. Synthetic fungicides are used against postharvest rots in pomegranates. Essential oils are considered as best substitute of fungicide. Keeping in view the importance of essential oils, investigation was done to explore some good essential oils having the potential management of post-harvest rots of pomegranate. The samples showing typical symptoms were collected from selected markets of Faisalabad and brought into the Seed Pathology Laboratory for isolation, purification and identification of different pathogens associated with sample of pomegranate. In-vitro evaluation of different essential oils viz. Eucalyptus, Lemon, Sage, Fennel were tested against grey mold pathogen of pomegranate. The results showed that sage oil gives best result by giving 73% growth inhibition fungus while least control was exhibited by eucalyptus oil (40 and 41 percent) after 5 and 7 days respectively against the Botrytis cinerea.

[Amar Ahmed Khan, Amer Habib, Waqas Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ubair Arif. Management of Grey mold of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) through essential oils. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):21-26]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com  3. doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.03.

Key words: Pomegranate, Grey mold, sage oil

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Effect of microbial mineralization of phosphorus from different organic sources (PM, FYM) in salt affected soil on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.)

Rimsha Rehmat¹, Haseeb Ayub², Muhammad Ubair Arif^1*, Amar Ahmed Khan^3*

¹Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan

³Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: amarkhan4855@gmail.com; muhammadubair0323@gmail.com

Abstract: Soil salinization is serious threat dominant in arid and semi-arid region where irrigation is fundamental source of water in agriculture. In salt affected soils, phosphorus (P) availability is reducing because its precipitation with other cations i.e., Ca⁺², Zn⁺² and Mg⁺² ions there by creating salt-induced P deficiency in plant. Hence, there is a need to exploit environment friendly biological methods for salinity stress management. Halotolerant phosphorus solubilizing bacteria are ideal tool in the amelioration of salinity stress in plants. A pot experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of halotolerant phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and organic manures (PM and FYM) in mineralization of phosphorus under salinity stress. For this, maize seeds were coated with PSB that was simply compared with non-inoculated PSB and organic manures (PM and FYM) under salinity stress (7dSm^-1). These treatments were designed in accordance with complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates on maize crop. Results revealed that inoculation of PSB and application of organic manures (PM and FYM) enhance P uptake and maize growth compared to control and the plants under salt stress. Salinity stress adversely affects maize growth, but the application of PSB and organic manures were significantly counter-act this harmful effects. The highest amount of growth parameters, phosphorus (P) concentration and lowest sodium (Na) concentration were observed in plants treated with PSB combine with organic manures under salinity stress as compare to soil with salinity stress alone. Thus, combine application of PSB and organic manures is an eco-friendly option to enhance crop growth and P nutrition in saline soil under changing climate.

[Rimsha Rehmat, Haseeb Ayub, Muhammad Ubair Arif, Amar Ahmed Khan. Effect of microbial mineralization of phosphorus from different organic sources (PM, FYM) in salt affected soil on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Life Sci J 2021;18(11):27-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com  4. doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.04.

Key words: Salinity, microbial mineralization, Maize

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Isolation, Identification And Management Of Fungal Pathogen Responsible For Chilli Leaf Spot Disease

Iram Khalid¹, Hadeeqa Riasat¹, M Jamshaid Khan¹, Amina Tariq¹, Amjad Abbas¹, Muhammad Ubair Arif²

¹Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: iramkhalidcss@gmail.com

Abstract: Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important crop in the world.  Chilli is cultivated in almost 38.4 thousand hectares area of Pakistan and it is used three times in meal daily in fresh form or dried powder. Many biotic and abiotic factors caused reduction in its yield. In a-biotic factors the most devastating pathogens are fungi.  Leaf spot is an important yield-reducing fungal disease of chilli caused by Alternaria alternata. In the current experiment the management of A. alternata was done in both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions by using various biocontrol agents i.e. META (Metarahizum), Trichoderma harzianum, LEC (Lecanicillium lecani), Siderophore producing by Pseudomonas bacteria. In in-vivo the research work was designed under CRD in pot trials and field trial under RCBD to check the effectiveness of various bioconrol agents and six cultivated verities (CH121, 900F1, Red wing, SAYBAN, AAHP-I, Priya chilli) against A. alternata. Isolation, identification, and purification of the pathogen causing leaf spot of chilli was carried out after the sampling of spots effected leaves from disease infested field of horticulture department and collected from the chak 597 TDA. For this purpose, all the verities were inoculated with A. alternata inoculum by spraying and drenching method and the results were assessed on the basis of development of the disease.  And in the lab experiment the results were assessed by checking the development of inhibition zone. By using SPSS 19 software for statistical analysis the data were analyzed. Under in-vitro T. harzianum and Metarhizium were found more efficient in suppressing the growth of A. Alternaria while in field and pots only the former was efficient to check the disease.

[Iram Khalid, Hadeeqa Riasat, M Jamshaid Khan, Amina Tariq, Amjad Abbas, Muhammad Ubair Arif. Isolation, identification and management of fungal pathogen responsible for chilli leaf spot disease. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):42-66]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.05

Key word: Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), Leaf spot, biocontrol agents

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Antiproliferative, growth inhibitory and antibacterial activities of thymol isolated from the leaf of Ocimum gratissimum L.

Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale¹*, Imoisi Chinyere², Solomon A. Fidelis³ and Mercy I. Aboh⁴

¹Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Nigeria.

³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: E-mail: samuelokhale@gmail.com; Phone: +2348036086812

Abstract: Ocimum gratissimum is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Nigeria for the management of dysentery and cough. Data available on the antiproliferative and antibacterial activities of Ocimum gratissimum L are quite sketchy, though used for medicinal remedy. Therefore, the study was aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of thymol isolated from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum against tadpoles of Raniceps ranninus using a bench-top assay, and the growth inhibitory effect using Sorghum bicolor seeds; and antimicrobial effects. Fresh leaves of O. gratissimum were hydrodistilled to obtain a golden yellow essential oil which on column chromatography gave a crystalline compound identified as thymol. The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of the isolated thymol against tadpoles of Raniceps ranninus were investigated using a bench-top assay, and a growth inhibitory assay was evaluated using Sorghum bicolor seeds. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using broth micro-dilution assay. Thymol exerted cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against tadpoles of Raniceps ranninus and significantly inhibited Sorghum bicolor seed radicle length elongation indicative of its anticancer potential. The antimicrobial assay indicated thymol had pronounced activity with MIC and MBC values of 125µg/ml and 250µg/ml respectively.

[Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Imoisi Chinyere, Solomon A. Fidelis  and Mercy I. Aboh. Antiproliferative, growth inhibitory and antibacterial activities of thymol isolated from the leaf of Ocimum gratissimum L. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):67-76]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6.doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.06.

Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, thymol, antimicrobial, essential oil, Antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antibacterial

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Malaria in Different Regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the Year 2018

Anas Siraj Dablool ¹, Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon ²

¹Department of public health, College of health sciences at Al Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Email: alashary1226@gmail.com, Corresponding Author’s name: Anas Siraj Dablool¹

2 Health Sciences College at Al leith, UQU, KSA, E- mail: asdablool@uqu.edu.sa, Author name: Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon²

Abstract: The risk of acquisition of malaria in Saudi Arabia is limited to the Southwestern part of the country, with the highest number of cases reported from Gizan and Aseer regions. The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is free of local transmission of malaria since 1978. The lack of transmission of malaria in this province is related to the malaria control program that was set in place in 1948 [1]. The present article searched Saudi Ministry of Health reports, data was obtained from Open Data Portal (https://data.gov.sa/Data/en/organizaton/ministry_0f_health) is the data that can be freely used, re-used, and redistributed by anyone without any technical, financial or legal restriction. The collected data included notified malaria cases and malaria parasites species in twenty Regions which were: Riyadh, Makkah, Jeddah, Ta`if, Medinah, Eastern, Al-Ahsa, Hafr Al-Baten, Qaseem, Aseer, Bishah, Tabouk, Ha`il, Northern, Jazan, Najran, Al-Bahah, Al-Jouf, Qurayyat and Qunfudah. This article aimed to determine the malaria prevalence and species of Plasmodium causing the disease in different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2018. Saudi Ministry of Health reported that malaria parasites were notified from 19 regions. Four malaria parasites species were reported: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malaria. Out of 1015953 examined persons positive cases of malaria were found 2710, of which 1908 (0.19%) were a malignant malaria (Plasmodium falciparum), 802 (0.08%) were Benign Tertiary (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale) and one case (0.00009%) were a Quartan (Plasmodium malaria). for Plasmodium falciparum, high number of cases were reported in Jazan (n = 1358), Jeddah (n = 118) and Eastern region (n = 101). For Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, high number of cases were reported in Eastern (n = 208), Jazan (n = 158), Riyadh (n = 97) and Jeddah (n = 97). The prevalence of malaria in this study was found 0.27.

[Anas Siraj Dablool ¹, Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon. Malaria in Different Regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the Year 2018. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):77-84]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7.doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.07.

Keywords: Prevalence, Malaria parasites, Distribution, Malignant malaria, Jazan

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Audit on gynecological surgeries at AL-Zahraa University Hospital 2017

Asmaa Mostafa Ahmed Esmaeil, Magdy Olama, Naglaa Moharram

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls -Al-Azhar University

Corresponding author: Asmaa Mostafa Ahmed Esmaeil, Mobile: 01069086312

Department of obstetrics and gynecology in Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine for Girls -Al-Azhar University ,Cairo, Egypt.

Audit on gynecological surgeries at AL-Zahraa University Hospital 2017.

Email: asmaamostafaahmed72@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Surgical audit is a systematic, critical analysis of the quality of surgical care that is reviewed by peers against explicit criteria or recognized standards, and then used to further inform and improve surgical practice with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of care for patients. Objective: This study is aimed to determine the rate of all gynecological procedures performed in Al-Zahraa University Hospital during the year of 2017, common gynecological procedures, and their indications, complications and days of hospital stay for each operation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all gynecological surgeries performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Al-Zahraa University Hospital in 2017. Records from history sheets and files of the patients admitted for gynecological operations were collected. Information was gathered regarding age, parity, complaints, investigations and preoperative diagnosis / indications of operations, type of operations, intra and postoperative complications. There were no exclusion criteria. Results: Laparoscopic surgeries were the commonest type among the gynecological surgeries done during the period of the study (33.5%) followed by Hysterectomy (28.1%) , D&C and its subtypes (14.9%), Genital prolapse surgeries(6.8%), Ovarian operations through laparotomy(4.1%), Abdominal myomectomy(3.2%), Exploration(3.2%), Hysteroscopy(2.3%), Removal of missed IUD, Resection of rudimentary horn, Vulval operations and Operations for the hymen were done equally (0.9%).Salpingectomy was the least common operation performed(0.5%). Conclusion: This study recorded the rate of all gynecological operations reported at Al Zahraa University Hospital in 2017, their indications , complications and days of hospital stay for each operation.

[Asmaa Mostafa Ahmed Esmaeil, Magdy Olama, Naglaa Moharram. Audit on gynecological surgeries at AL-Zahraa University Hospital 2017. Life Sci J 2021;18(11):85-89]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8.doi:10.7537/marslsj181121.08.

Keywords: Audit, Gynaecological Surgeries.

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