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Microcystin-LR activates the oncogenes via the LncRNA-THOR/RAS signaling pathway in mouse testicular sertoli cells

Zhihui Tian, Bingqian Wang, Xingde Du, Huizhen Zhang *

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China

huizhen18@126.com

Abstract: Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a type of cyanobacterial toxin and a possible carcinogen that can activate proto-oncogenes in testicular cells, but the mechanism is not clear. Sertoli cells are important functional cells in the testis and play a key role in maintaining the internal environment of spermatogenesis. Therefore, the present study using the mouse testicular sertoli cells (TM4) to investigate the possible mechanism of proto-oncogene activation by MC-LR. The results showed that with the increase of MC-LR concentration, the activity of TM4 cells, the activity of TM4 cells declined and the expression of proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun and c-myc). Further studies revealed that MC-LR increased the expression of Lnc-THOR and up-regulated the expression of its downstream cancer-related genes IGF2BP1, RAS, MAPK and ERK in TM4 cells with a dose-dependent manner. In short, our results indicated that the LncRNA-THOR/RAS signaling pathway had an essential regulatory role in the activation of proto-oncogenes in TM4 cells. This study is the first to explore the mechanism of MC-LR-activated proto-oncogene in the testicular sertoli cells, and provides new insights for further studies on the carcinogenic effects of MC-LR on the male reproductive system.

[Zhihui Tian , Bingqian Wang , Xingde Du , Huizhen Zhang . Microcystin-LR activates the oncogenes via the LncRNA-THOR/RAS signaling pathway in mouse testicular sertoli cells. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):1-7]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.01.

Keywords: Microcystin-LR; LncRNA-THOR; proto-oncogenes; reproductive toxicity

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Identification and Characterization of a Rare Species of Neurospora Isolated from a Water Sample in China

Xia Yang ^1,2, Siliang Huang ², Yubian Zhang ², Xiaoqiang Zhang ²

^1. Culinary Food Department, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China

^2. School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China

silianghuang@126.com

Abstract: An Neurospora isolate (ZZS4408) was obtained from a water sample of Xinye county, Henan, China. The isolate was identified as Neurospora brevispora, a rare species of Neurospora based on its morphological characteristics and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) sequence. To clarify its biological characteristics, the relationship between growth of the isolate and environmental factors (temperature, pH and nutrition) was tested. The temperatures suitable for growth of the isolate were 28-37 °C with 31 °C as the optimum. The growth rates of hyphal tips reached to 19.1-42.5 (av.31.9) μm min^-1 at 32 °C. The pHs suitable for vegetative growth were 5-7 with 5.5 as the optimum. Of the 10 carbon sources tested, two heterodisaccharides (sucrose and lactose) were most favorable for vegetative growth. Of the 7 nitrogen sources tested, D-alanine was the most favorable one for growth of N. brevispora. The vegetative growth of the fungus was more significantly influenced by the nitrogen sources compared to the carbon sources. N. brevispora was a fast-growing species, and could be considered a desirable material in fungal morphodifferentiation study and demonstration.

[Yang X, Huang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Identification and Characterization of a Rare Species of Neurospora Isolated from a Water Sample in China. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):8-15]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.02.

Keywords: Biological characteristic; identification; Neurospora brevispora

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The Comparison of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Positive Affect and Negative Affect in cardiac patients and healthy subjects

Mostafa Alikhani¹,Ali zakiei², Abbas Aghaei ³, Afsoon vahdat⁴, Parisa Janjani⁵, Toraj Ahmadi-Jouibari ⁶, Mari Ataee⁶

1.       MSc of psychology, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Young Researchers Club, Kermanshah, Iran

2.       PhD student, shaheed chamran university, Ahvaz, Iran

3.       MSc of epidemiology, Substance abuse prevention research center, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

4.       MSc of psychiatric nursing, Clinical  Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital,  Kermanshah University of Medical  Sciences,  Kermanshah,  Iran

5.       MSc student of psychology, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

6.       Internist, Substance abuse prevention research center, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

aqaei.a@gmail.com

Abstract: Psychological interventions along with the treatment of heart disease, is essential, therefore, the present study compared the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, positive affect and negative affect in cardiac patients and healthy subjects. This study was a comparative cross-sectional study. To conduct this study, 50 subjects were selected in an available sampling form, from among cardiac patients (coronary artery type) referring to the medical center of Imam Ali in Kermanshah, and 50 individuals who were attendant with the patients and didn’t have heart disease, were selected for comparison. For collecting the data the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and positive and negative affect scales were used. For data analysis, multivariate ANOVA, version 16 SPSS statistical software was used. Results showed that in all cognitive emotion regulation strategies, there was a significant difference between the two groups of in cardiac patients and healthy subjects, the results also indicated that the mean differences are significant in both groups in positive affect, but the mean differences was not significant in negative affect in the two groups. Regarding the results of the study it can be concluded that that having poor emotion regulation strategies is a risk factor for developing heart disease.

[Mostafa Alikhani, Ali zakiei, Abbas Aghaei, Afsoon vahdat, Parisa Janjani, Toraj Ahmadi-Jouibari, Mari Ataee. The Comparison of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Positive Affect and Negative Affect in cardiac patients and healthy subjects. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):16-23]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3.doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.03.

Keywords: cognitive emotion regulation, positive affect, negative affect, heart disease

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Estimates of selection in breeding of wheat based on phenotypes and microsatellite markers

Xin Xu¹, Xiaojun Li^2*, Hui Li¹, Jiayang Zhang¹, Min Ren¹, Xuefei Mao¹, Lili Chen¹, Huiping Zhou¹

¹Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China

²School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China

lixiaojun227@163.com

Abstract: Intense selection for desirable phenotypes within a breeding pool gives rise to the difference of genotypes in parental stocks. The objective of this study was to reveal the frequency and magnitude of selection in breeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twenty-five cultivars, representing historically important cultivars and deriving from six representative crosses, were evaluated using 7 morphological traits in five environments and 379 SSR markers across the genome. These cultivars employed included four founder parents used widely in China. The result indicated that phenotypic characters of the progeny from a single cross were very various, and most of them approached their parents or had intermediate quantitative variables between their both parents. Nevertheless, transgressive inheritance was recorded for certain characters. Microsatellite data revealed that the remains of two parents among a set of sister cultivars were very diverse in all parts of the genome and of different chromosomes, which might derive from rigorous selection pressure due to different purposes. Among 25 cultivars derived from single crosses, 14 was significantly different from the expected parental contribution (0.5) based on SSR data. The comprehensive data indicated that genealogical relationships alone were not predictive of progeny performance for yield components and parental contribution. Utilizing molecular markers is necessary for diversity analysis.

[Xin Xu, Xiaojun Li, Hui Li, Jiayang Zhang, Min Ren, Xuefei Mao, Lili Chen, Huiping Zhou. Estimates of selection in breeding of wheat based on phenotypes and microsatellite markers. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):24-31]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.04.

Keywords: Phenotype; microsatellite marker; parental inheritance; selection

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Comparison of Depression Level in Patients Prior to and After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

¹S.H. Askar[1]i, ¹N. Mohammadi, ²A. Ghorbani, ³R. Ghafarzadegan, ⁴M. Babahaji and ¹Y. Torki

¹Faculty of Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

²Faculty of Nursing, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

³Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

⁴Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Today’s, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is mainly invented to save patients who face high-risk life threatening dysrrhythmia of the ventricles to prevent the patient from sudden cardiac death. There is limited information about patients' compatibility and psychological reaction after implantation. The main purpose of this article was to compare the level of experienced depression by male and female patients before and after implantation of the device. In this comparative cross-sectional study, 65 male and 30 female illegible patients were selected through convenience sampling method from Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital and the medical centers which affiliated to Tehran Arrhythmia Clinic. A demographic questionnaire and HADS questionnaire was used to collect data before and two to four months after implantation of the device. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS software. The mean level of depression in male was 5.36 prior to insertion device while it was 7.23 in female patients. Comparing depression level in male and female patients prior to ICD showed a significant statistical difference (P=.046). The levels of depression in male and female patients after insertion the device were 6.61 and 8.86 respectively. Comparing of depression level in both gender showed a significant statistical difference (P=0.021). In addition, the results showed that people with higher education experienced lower level of depression in both before and after device implantation. The study found that women experience higher level of depression before and after an ICD implant with comparison men. Since gender is a predisposing variable for having higher level of depression, health care providers need to consider gender issue when they provide psychological support for the patients with ICD.

[S.H. Askar, N. Mohammadi, A. Ghorbani, R. Ghafarzadegan, M. Babahaji and Y. Torki. Comparison of Depression Level in Patients Prior to and After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):32-36]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5.doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.05.

Keywords: Sudden Cardiac Death, Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator, Depression.

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Prevalence of nosocomial infections in newborns and its related factors in neonatal intensive care unit unit of Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011

Nahid Ghotbi¹, Maryam Nikofar^*1, Maoumeh Abedini¹, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh², Golnar Mortaz-Hejri ¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

²Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author:mary_nikoofar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Neonatal intensive care is an important part of the hospital and prone to infection. Prevention of infection is the main goal of an infection control program. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hospital infections in neonatal intensive care unit and its associated factors in Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011. Method: This Cross-sectional study conducted on 332 infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Besa hospital in the year 2011. Neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were examined daily for signs of infection and symptoms and samples were taken. Patients with the criteria of nosocomial infection were recruited into the study. Data was entered in special questionnaires which designed according to CDC for this purpose. The source of information were patient, physician, hospital records and daily clinical assessment. Test results followed-up and recorded in the second part of the questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS 18, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, fisher exact test and paired T- test, and OR statistical analysis. Results: From 332 infants %50.3 were male, %49.7 were female and the incidence of pneumonia was 11.4%. The incidence of sepsis was 2.4% and the prevalence of eye infections was %3.9. There is no significant difference between infections and gender. There is significant relationship between pneumonia and gestational age. But there was no significant correlation between risk of eye infection, septicemia and gestational age (P> 0.05). Chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between infected infants with birth weight, and length of hospitalization (P< 0.05). There is a significant difference between infected and non-infected infants in terms of weight and length of hospitalization (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Prevalence of infection in neonatal intensive care unit in Sanandaj is similar to other parts of the country. Because all medical centers in the country are implemented the same protocols for infection control, so it is necessary that this country protocol be reviewed to control nosocomial infections. [Nahid Ghotbi, Maryam Nikofar, Maoumeh Abedini, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh, Golnar Mortaz-Hejri Prevalenceof nosocomial infections in newborns and its related factors in neonatal intensive care unit unit of Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011 . Life Sci J 2021;18(8):37-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6.doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.06.

Key words: Neonatal Intensive Care - Hospital infections- Pneumonia

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Treatment Program for ADHD students: A Meta-Analysis study

Zeinab Mihandoost (Correspondence)

Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic AZAD University, ILAM, IRAN

xozns2006@yahoo.com

Tel: +989183407785

Abstract: In this study the researcher examined treatment program for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Iran. A comprehensive search of the literature in Iran from 2000 to 2012 yielded 11 treatment studies that employed a control group of students with ADHD and measured the effect of the treatment program on reducing ADHD. Across 11 studies of students with ADHD, the mean weighted effect size was -.49. This meta-analysis study show that  treatment programs effected on ADHD students.

[Zeinab Mihandoost. Treatment Program for ADHD students: A Meta-Analysis study. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):42-49] ISSN 1097-8135 (print);ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.07.

Keywords: review, intervention program, cognitive, behavioral, medicine

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The Effects of Pre-Aluminum Treatment on Morphology and Physiology of Potential Acidic Slope Plants

Normaniza Osman, Mohammed Saifuddin ^*, Aimee Halim and Rohailah Mohamad Idris

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +60172017345; Fax: +603-7967-4178

^* saifuddin@siswa.um.edu.my

Abstract: In Malaysia, most of the slope soils become acidic due to high temperature and rainfall. In the case of acidic slope, these conditions result in a low plant coverage, high eroding potential and instability of slopes. Thus, this study is aimed to investigate the effect of pre-Aluminum treatment on the growth and development of selected plants on acidic slope conditions. The acidic-tolerant characteristics of Acacia mangium, Leucaena leucocephala and Melastoma malabathricum were determined by subjecting them into pre-aluminum treatment at germination phase. The results showed that M. malabathricum was higher in morphological parameters; root length and dry weight partitioning and physiological performance including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Leaf Area Index (LAI), and leaf aluminum analyses. Within ten weeks of observation, the Al-pretreated M. malabathricum showed the highest photosynthetic and transpiration rate as compared to L. leucocephala and A. mangium. In concomitant to this result, stomatal conductance also appeared to be the highest in M. malabathricum. Moreover, within ten weeks, soil pH planted with M. malabathricum on slope increased by 23.8% and was found to be the highest among the species studied, implying the rehabilitation capacity of this species. The Al-pretreated M. malabathricum also displayed the longest root length in acidic soil, exhibiting a tolerance mechanism towards acidity. Amongst the species studied, M. malabathricum, either treated or non-treated, showed the best morphological and physiological performance on acidic condition.

[Normaniza O, Saifuddin M, Aimee H, Rohailah MI. The Effects of Pre-Aluminum Treatment on Morphology and Physiology of Potential Acidic Slope Plants. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):50-63] ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.08.

Keywords: Acidic slopes, Acidic-tolerant plants, Soil rehabilitation, Slope stability, Aluminium treatment

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Application of Myostatin in Sheep Breeding Programs

Younes Miar ^1,2, Abdolreza Salehi ¹, Davood Kolbehdari ³, and Seyed Ahmad Aleyasin ⁴

1. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Iran

 2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

3. Monsanto Company, 3302 SE Convenience Blvd, Ankeny, Iowa, 50021, USA

 4. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran

miar@ualberta.ca; arsalehi@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Myostatin or, growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), has been known as the factor causing double muscling phenotype in which a series of mutations make the myostatin protein inactive and hence can not regulate deposition of muscle fibre. This phenotype happens at a high frequency in one breed of sheep known as the Texel. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies shows that a portion of the OAR2 that encompasses GDF8 has a major effect on the muscular growth in the Belgian Texel, on the muscling and fat depth in the New Zealand Texel sires, UK Texel and Charollais sheep. The functional polymorphism resides inside the GDF8 non-coding region. To date, there have been studies showing biallelic SNPs with significantly different allelic frequencies between the hyper-muscled Texel and control animals including one in the 3'UTR  (g.+6223G>A) and one in 2.5 kb upstream from the GDF8 transcription start site (g.-2449G>C). The GDF8 allele of the Texel sheep is characterized by one G to A transition in the 3'UTR creating a target site for mir1 and mir206 which are highly expressed in skeletal muscle. This prevents myostatin gene translation and thus contributes to the Texel sheep muscular hypertrophy. Therefore, the GDF8 g.+6223A allele seems to be a causative variable of increasing muscularity in the Texel rams and could be identified as a quantitative trait nucleotide.

[Miar Y, Salehi AR, Kolbehdari D, Aleyasin SA. Application of Myostatin in Sheep Breeding Programs. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):64-70] ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.09.

Keywords: Double muscling; Marker-assisted selection; Myostatin; Quantitative trait nucleotides; Sheep.

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Factors other than dementia affecting performance in Mini-Mental State Examination in elderly: Home health care based study

Amira H. Mahmoud * and Sabri M. Attaalla#

*Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

^#Home Health Care, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding Author

Amira Hanafey Mahmoud, M.D, Assistant Professor,Geriatrics and Gerontology Dept, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt

Email: amira_mahmoud93@yahoo.com, Tel: +966557540471

Abstract: Aim: to assess factors other than dementia affecting performance in Mini-Mental State Examination among home-based health care elderly patients. Subjects & Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted on 240 elderly patients aged ≥60years both males and females who were included in home health care program in Aseer central hospital, south Saudi Arabia. All participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, mental status assessment using validated Arabic version of Mini mental status examination, assessment of various comorbidities, functional status and depression assessment using geriatric depression scale. Results: The study sample included 240 elderly, 50%males and 50% females. Mean age of subjects was 73.8 (±5.1) years. Out of 240, 60 patients scored < 24 in MMSE assessment, 40 (16.6%)of them had difficulties in completing one or more item of MMSE, 24 were males and 16 were females. Percent of those who had difficulties increased with increasing age, highest percent was in the age group >80 years of age. The most common cause of inability to complete one or more items in MMSE among both males and females was manual disability as a consequence of neurological disease mostly in stroke patients and Parkinson disease followed by low educational level then visual and hearing impairment followed by other causes as aphasia, depression and psychosis. 78% of persons with poor test performance due to causes other than dementia were unable to complete the writing of a sentence, and (75%) could not draw pentagons. (62%) did not complete the reading and repetition test item and (55%) could not complete calculations. Conclusion: Mini-mental status protocol should contain components in which the heath care practitioner can report potential confounding factors which can lead to poor performance and false positive screening results of the test.

[Amira H. Mahmoud and Sabri M. Attaalla. Factors other than dementia affecting performance in Mini-Mental State Examination in elderly: Home health care based study. Life Sci J 2021;18(8):71-74] ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj180821.10.

Keywords: mini-mental status, dementia,elderly, home health care

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