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Shear Strength Behavior of Unsaturated Clay

Alaa El-Hosani Refai Kassab¹, Kamal Mohamed Hafez Ismail², Waleed Hamdy Elkamash², and Azza Hassan Moubark²

¹ Ph.D, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University.

² Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University.

alaa.kassab@eng.suez.edu.eg, alaa.kassab20@gmail.com

Abstract: Studying the behavior of the unsaturated shear strength of soil leads to confirmation that the shear strength of unsaturated soils still in the stage of researcher’s goals. To reach to a unique equation for determination of the shear strength of unsaturated clay, series of direct shear box tests were Conducted to investigate the unsaturated shear strength of (clay Middle Delta Nile Clay) in Egypt. Samples were tested at different water content (WC). Matric suction was measured at various values of water content using filter paper technic. The unsaturated shear strength behavior tests appear to be non-linear with matric suction.  Mohr-Coulomb circle’s failure envelope for results between unsaturated shear strength and matric suction approximated to two linear segments. Point of inflection for the two linear parts was around the matric suction at plastic limit. Design-Expert® software employs least square method (LSM) to fit a mathematical model to a set of experimental data. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) program was used to deduce the compatible three dimensional equations to calculate the unsaturated shear strength of clay in two stages. The first equation presents the first stage of clay state which starts from matric suction at liquid limit (zero matric suction) up to matric suction at the plastic limit. The second equation presents the second zone of clay at matric suction between plastic limit and after shrinkage limit. Unsaturated shear strength depends on matric suction, soil cohesion, angle of internal friction and effective stresses .the internal friction increases by ^b ranges between 2.14^o and 0.27^o for zones before and after plastic limit respectively.

[Alaa El-Hosani Refai Kassab, Kamal Mohamed Hafez Ismail, Waleed Hamdy Elkamash, and Azza Hassan Moubark Shear Strength Behavior of Unsaturated Clay. Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):1-8]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 1.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.01.

Key word: Response Surface Methodology, Middle Delta Nile clay, Shear Strength of Unsaturated clay and matric suction.

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Beneficial role of Galangin on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Rat model: A Pharmaco-biochemical Study

Osama F Mosa

Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA

Ofmosa@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract: Background: Gentamicin is among the golden standard antibiotics used in clinical medicine. But, it has a significant damaging effect on kidney owing to the production of oxidative insults. Galangin is a valuable polyphenol and plant derived-radical scavenger. This flavonoid is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-radical and anti-cancer potential. Even so, there is no research linked to nephroprotective effect of Galangin. The current study was focused at determining the nephroprotective effect of Galangin. Material and Methods: A dose  50, 100 and 200 μg/ kg was administered to the animals. Gentamicin (80 mg/ kg) was utilized to develop nephrotic damage. At the end of the protocol;  body mass,  kidney mass,  levels of Urea, TNF-α, IL-1β, SOD, Catalase, GSH, GPx at renal homogenates and serum & urine Creatinine, BUN were performed along with histopathological findings. Results: Administration of Galangin resulted in restoration of kidney function parameters with markedly downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, histological findings showed marginal tissue damage with localized inflammatory precipitates. Conclusion: Renal function tests was retrieved stepwise to normal values in response to Galangin administration. Histopathological findings also revealed improved renal anatomy with evidenced shrinkage of inflammatory area, suggesting possible renoprotective role against nephritic insult.

[Osama F Mosa. Beneficial role of Galangin on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Rat model: A Pharmaco-biochemical Study. Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):9-15]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 2.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.02.

Keywords: Galangin; nephritic damage; histopathology; renal biomarkers

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Combined Bone Transportation and Lengthening Techniques in the Management of Traumatic Bone Defects

Mostafa Mahmoud Saad ¹, Mootaz Fouad Thakeb ^2, Ahmad Shaban Hassan ³

¹ M. Sc., Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

² Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Lecturer of Orthopedic Surgery Departmen, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Email: moose-7777@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim: Dealing with traumatic large bone defects by Ilizarove methods with distraction osteogenesis is one of the main effective methods to deal with this type of common injuries. Combined bone transportation and lengthening is a technique theoretically offer decrease apparatus time, increase limp lengthening range and easier ability for adjustment. Material and Methods: The study carried out during  2019 to 2020. It was multicenter study at the Orthopedic Department of Helwan University Hospital, Police Hospital and finally El Helal hospital.   17 cases were included. Subjects were admitted for bone transport for massive bone defect.  Results: The results showed that the apparatus modification have good results and have better outcome or equivalent to other studies using classical bone transport technique. Conclusion: The apparatus modification to merge bone transport with bone shortening techniques to deal with bone defects give comparable results to classical method. This study supports bone transport modification as a good alternative to classical method of massive traumatic bone defects of the tibia. Future areas of investigation to compare both techniques in comparative studies and also compare both types of modification.

[Mostafa Mahmoud Saad, Mootaz Fouad Thakeb, Ahmad Shaban Hassan Combined Bone Transportation and Lengthening Techniques in the Management of Traumatic Bone Defects Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):16-23]. ISSN1097-8135(print);ISSN2372-613X(online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com3.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.03.

Keywords: Bone Transportation, Lengthening,  and Ilizarove

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The Effectiveness of Virtual Classrooms as an Alternative to Traditional Classrooms during the Covid-19 pandemic: Problems and Solutions

Majed Abdallah Alharthi

Department of Educational Technology, College of Education, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

 malharthy@uj.edu.sa

Abstract: Education, like other institutions, is affected by many external conditions. The covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected all areas of the public and private sectors, including the economy, health, education, etc. The education system needed to find appropriate solutions for the continuation of the educational process in ways that guaranteed the safety of students, teachers and other staff. This study examined the method adopted by the University of Jeddah, like other Saudi universities, in transferring education entirely to distance learning by employing virtual classrooms. 328 students (both genders) participated in this study through a questionnaire addressing students' views, perceived problems, and possible solutions concerning the effectiveness of using virtual classrooms instead of traditional classrooms. The study was reinforced by interviews to give a clearer picture. The findings of the study summarized many issues related to students and teachers, particularly technical problems, and the fear and panic that were caused by covid-19, which had a negative impact on the education process.

[Majed Abdallah Alharthi The Effectiveness of Virtual Classrooms as an Alternative to Traditional Classrooms during the Covid-19 pandemic: Problems and Solutions Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):24-32]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 4.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.04.

Keywords: Virtual Classroom, Traditional Classroom, Covid-19, Synchronous learning, Asynchronous learning

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Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Albino rats protected by Adansonia digitata (Baobab) leaf extract.

¹Akintola Adebola Olayemi*, ²Kehinde Busuyi David, ³Saka Waheed Adeoye, ¹Oyewande Esther Ajoke, ⁴Ayandiran Tolulope Akinpelu ²Joshua Olugbemiga Fakunle

¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

³Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author : Email: aoakintola@lautech.edu.ng, Telephone :+2348023807230

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death, killing between 17 and 19 million people each year. The usage of traditional drugs was influenced by the need for effective medications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease without side effects. The cardio-protective impact of Adansonia digitata leaf extract on doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity was investigated in laboratory rats in the current research. Thirty-five albino rats were divided into five classes, each consisting of seven animals. Group 1 was given filtered water as a control, while Group 2 was given saline and doxorubicin, Group 3 received doxorubicin and Vitamin E, and Groups IV and V were myocardial oxidative animals treated with Adansonia digitata leaf extract (150 and 300 mg/kgbw) for two weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, their hearts were collected and homogenized for biochemical assays. The results on the activities of creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde were determined. Histopathology examination was used in addition to assays to validate myocardial damage. In comparison to the control group, rats provided doxorubicin showed a significant increase in the activities of cardiac marker enzymes (CK, LDH, and AST), as well as a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and NOS), implying cardiotoxicity. In rats with doxorubicin-induced myocardial infection, pretreatment with Adansonia digitata leaf extract reduced myocardial damage and increased antioxidant defense, and these biochemical results were confirmed by histopathology. Finally, the new study demonstrates that Adansonia digitata has cardioprotective properties.

[Akintola Adebola Olayemi, Kehinde Busuyi David, Saka Waheed Adeoye, Oyewande Esther Ajoke, Ayandiran Tolulope Akinpelu, Joshua Olugbemiga Fakunle. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Albino rats protected by Adansonia digitata (Baobab) leaf extract.Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):33-41]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 5.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.05.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Adansonia digitata, doxorubicin, cardiotoxicity, leaf extract

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Contribution of reptile's diversity at Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia

Samy A. Saber¹ and Mostafa Fathy Masood ^{2 &3}*

^1-Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.

^2- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, KSA.

^3-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Assiut-Egypt)

*Corresponding author: m_f_masood@yahoo.com

Abstract: Thirty-seven species from reptiles (71.1% of the total herpes species recorded from the study area) belonging to 3 orders, 12 families, and 30 genera. Eleven endemic species (29.7%) were recorded, five Ethiopian endemic and six (regionally endemic), distribute in Ethiopia and some records from only one close countries, four species are found only in Ethiopia and Eritrea, one species in Ethiopia and Sudan. Ten species (28.75%) are listing in CITES (appendix II). According to “Lake Tana-Associated Wetlands Red List Categories 2006”. One species (0.03%) “The python” has been assigned into the category of Critically Endangered because population of the species has been declined due to habitat fragmentation and loss, the python is critically threatened partly due to habitat loss and persecution by humans, blamed for killing of domestic animals, especially shoats (goats and sheep) and partly due to resentment from cultural taboos. Three species (0, 08%) “The Nile crocodile, Water Snake and Nile Monitor” are assigned into the category of vulnerable.

[Samy A. Saber and Mostafa Fathy Masood. Contribution of reptile's diversity at Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia.Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):42-49]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com 6.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.06.

Keywords: Species diversity, reptiles, Lake Tana, Ethiopia

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Assessment of antibacterial capacity of Vernonia amygdalina against post harvest fruit rot organisms of okra (Abelmoshus esculentus L moench)

Ijato J. Y

Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science,

Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

E-mail: considerureternity@gmail.com; GSM: 08067335124

Abstract: Okra is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Advocacy for consumption of local vegetables like okra could help to enhance food security and combat malnutrition in developing countries. Okra is a multipurpose crop due to the various uses of its fresh leaves, buds, flowers, capsules, seeds and seeds. The focus of the study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of aqueous leaf extracts of V. amygdalina against post harvest bacterial associated with okra. Fresh leaves of the test plant were collected, air dried, and pulverized. Hundred grams of pulverized leaves of the test plant was mixed with 200ml of cold water a room temperature and left overnight. This was later filtered and the filtrate served as extract.  Five bacterial strains were isolated from the the okra viz: Bacillus subtilis, B. panthotenticus, B. cereus, Psedumonas chlororaphis, Aeromonas hydrophila. Agar well diffusion test method was used to determine the antibacterial capacity of the test plant. 20% aqueous extract of the test plant most inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Aeromonas hydrophila,  B. cereus and B. panthotenticus by 0.83, 1.65, 1.19, 1.51 and 1.43% respectively. It is shown from the result that higher concentrations of aqueous extract favoured higher inhibition of bacterial growth.

[Ijato J. Y. Assessment of antibacterial capacity of Vernonia amygdalina against post harvest fruit rot organisms of okra.Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):50-53]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com 7.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.07.

Keywords: V. amygdalina, antibacterial, okra

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Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Seed germination, Seedling growth parameters, and proline content in Maize (Zea mays)

Bhushan P. Bhusare¹, Mukund S. Ambawade², Akshay S Kshatriya³, Mukul  M. Barwant⁴, Anuradha K. Mhaske⁵

¹Department of Life Science (School Of Science), Sandip University Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, India.

²Department of Microbiology, P.G.K.M’s Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune -411002, Maharashtra, India.

³Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune -411007, Maharashtra, India.

⁴Department of Botany Sanjivani Arts, Commerce Science College Kopargoan- 423601, Maharashtra, India.

⁵Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Paud, Pune- 412108, Maharashtra, India.

*Corrosponding author:

E.mail: bhushanbhusare@sandipuniversity.edu.in

Abstract: Present investigation was undertaken in order to determine the effect of different concentrations of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl₂) on morphological and biochemical responses of Zea Mays. For this, different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg L^-1) of Cadmium Chloride were supplemented to the seeds of maize. Morphological observations were collected in terms of percentage of seed germination, shoot length, and root length. Highest percentage of seed germination (92.8%) and maximum shoot length (18.4±0.9 cm) was observed on 40 mg L^-1 of CdCl₂ when compared with control (seed germination- 85.7 %, shoot length- 17.1±0.7 cm). However 20 mg L^-1 of CdCl_2, found to be best for highest length of roots (9.2±0.3 cm) as compared to control (8.7±0.4 cm). Higher amount of total chlorophyll (61.6 µg/ml) was recorded at 20 mg/l of CdCl₂. The proline content increases significantly with increasing the concentration of CdCl₂. The present study confirmed the potential use of maize in phytoextraction of heavy metal.

[Bhushan P. Bhusare, Mukund S. Ambawade, Akshay S Kshatriya, Mukul  M. Barwant, Anuradha K. Mhaske. Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Seed germination, Seedling growth parameters, and proline content in Maize (Zea mays). Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):54-59]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com  8.doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.08.

Keywords: Cadmium, Chlorophyll, Maize, Proline, Zea mays

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Bionomics of Batocera rufomaculata De Geer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in mulberry farms of Jammu and Kashmir (India)

Altaf Hussain Mir

Post Graduate Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006

draltaf_786@yahoo.com

Abstract: Investigations on the bionomics of Batocera rufomaculata De Geer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in mulberry farms of Jammu and Kashmir state (India) demonstrated an annual life cycle with an adult emergence period of over four months from May to September; adult emergence started in May, peaked in June and ended in August. Adults required maturation feeding period of 14.00±0.561 days. Sexually mature beetles mated promiscuously and copulation period averaged 60.50±6.23 seconds. Females deposited eggs singly into the bark of host plants with an average daily and life time fecundity of 1.27 and 148.66 eggs respectively. Eggs hatched in 10.20± 1.25 days and larvae developed through 9 instars in 253.35±4.37 days. Ultimate larval instar pupated in the pupal cells, made by the ultimate larvae; adults emerged from the pupal cells after 27.5±1.35 days through circular emergence holes. Larvae as well as adults caused damage to the host plants; the latter compensated the damage caused by adults to some extent by sprouting lateral buds while as grubs caused irreparable damage and lead the host plants to death. The extent of damage caused to the host plants is also reported in the paper.

[Altaf Hussain Mir. Bionomics of Batocera rufomaculata De Geer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in mulberry farms of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Life Sci J 2021;18 (5):60-72]. ISSN 1097-8135 (print); ISSN 2372-613X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com  9. doi:10.7537/marslsj180521.09.

Keywords: Bionomics; Batocera rufomaculata; Mulberry farms; Jammu and Kashmir

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