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Cortisol Levels as a Determinant of Disease and Health Status in Animals

Akefe, I.O., ¹ Yusuf, I.L ² Adamu, A.M., ³

^1. Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

^2. Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri.

^3. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja

akefeisaac@yahoo.com, 08034986335, 08156353662

Abstract: The veterinarian is daily faced with the challenge of diagnosing several disease conditions in different animals. Measurement of serum cortisol concentration has been used in the assessment of stress and pain caused by infectious and non-infectious disease conditions, mismanagement, transportation, adverse environmental temperature and surgical operations. The hormone-cortisol, is involved in numerous metabolic and immunologic functions and can thus serve as a marker to monitor animal welfare. Several factors affect the specific test to be carried out and which sample is to be used. Recently, RIA has been identified as the gold standard for determination of cortisol levels. However it also has its own short comings hence the need to utilize other assay techniques such as ELISA, fluorescence techniques and chemical assays which are more common in our environment. There is also prospect for the analysis of cortisol using non-invasive samples such finger nails as well as ear wax for enhanced test results.

[Akefe, I.O., Yusuf, I.L, Adamu, A.M. Cortisol Levels as a Determinant of Disease and Health Status in Animals. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):1-8]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.01.

Keywords: Cortisol; Health; Disease; Animals; Elisa; Radioimmunoassay

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Association of Empathy and Stress in Medical Professionals.

Dr. Mawra Noor¹, Dr. Ayesha Haq², Omar Yaseen³, Shams ul Haq⁴

¹Medical Officer at Bilal international Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

²House Officer at RMU affiliated Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

³Medical Student at Shifa College of Medicine Islamabad, Pakistan

⁴Medical Student at Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan, Pakistan

*Corresponding author email: mawranoor@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To find association between perceived stress and empathy in medical professionals. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: RMU’s affiliated hospitals Rawalpindi, 1^st year duration from June 2019 to June 2020. Methodology: A total of 178 sample size was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator and non-probability purposive sampling was applied. A validated standardized closed ended questionnaire was used having three parts i.e part A was related to demographic details of participants. Part B was related to evaluation of empathy scores by using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and part C related to Cohen’s Perceived stress score. Participants were divided into five groups i.e. nurses, house officers, residents, physicians and surgeons Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 22 and correlation between empathy and perceived stress was calculated by Spearman’s correlation formula and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of respondents was 34.57±8.10 with 60.1% females and 39.9% males. A total of 178 medical professionals; nurses 19 (10.7%), house officers 37 (20.8%), residents 34 (19.1%), physicians 48 (27.0%), surgeons 40 (22.5%). Following, the data calculated, below average empathy was noted in 33.1% respondents, average empathy in 41.6% and above average in 25.3%, As high empathic attitude was noted in physicians and surgeons in comparison to other professionals. the data calculated about perceived stress across all participants, 25.3% reported low stress, 47.2% moderate stress and 27.5% high stress and we can appreciate that low stress scores were calculated in physicians and surgeons in comparison to other professionals. A negative correlation between empathy and perceived stress was calculated. Conclusion: Our study shows a significant proportion of nurses, house officers and residents had a comparatively higher stress scored and hence decreased empathy whereas physicians and surgeons had a comparatively lower stress and therefore showed high empathic attitude, furthermore it indicates a negative correlation between perceived stress and empathy.

[Mawra Noor, Ayesha Haq, Omar Yaseen, Shams ul Haq. Association of Empathy and Stress in Medical Professionals. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):9-14]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.02.

Keywords: Perceived stress, empathy, medical professionals

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To Assess The Perception and Knowledge Of Correct Ergonomics Among Dentist In Tertiary Care Hospital.

Maria Khalid, Samrood Akram^*, Faryal Arshad, Maham Rashid, Amna Zia.

Fatima Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine and Dentistry, Physiotherapy Department, Lahore, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author email: Sumrod.akram@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To assess the perception and knowledge of correct ergonomics among dentist. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration: Dentists were selected from the department of Dentistry of Fatima Memorial Hospital and Combine Military Hospital, Lahore after taking permission from the respective department. Duration of the study was 6 months. Methodology: The cross-sectional study includes 151 dentist that were recruited using non probability convenience sampling. Informed consent was taken from the participant before filling of the questionnaire. All participants were given a standard questionnaire ‘Ergonomics Awareness Questionnaire’ which consists of 20 questions, to find out the knowledge, behavior and attitude of the principle of ergonomics in their practice. Descriptive statistical analyses were done on sample of 151 by using SPSS 22.0 version. Results: In n=151 participants, 76(50%) were aware of term ergonomics and equal number of participant 76(50%) were not aware. Chi square test was used for Cross tabulation; between awareness of ergonomics and practical application of ergonomics that showed significant association with p value =.000 (< 0.05), between experienced any symptoms and constant vibration in the instruments that showed significant association with p value =.000(< 0.05), between experienced any symptoms and micro breaks during procedure that showed significant association with p value =.000(< 0.05) and between musculoskeletal symptoms and practice of strengthening that showed significant association with p value =.000 (< 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that there were a good perception and knowledge of Ergonomics among dentist but their implications in the practice were average and improper. There were many problems identified due to improper ergonomics among dentist.

[Maria Khalid, Samrood Akram, Faryal Arshad, Maham Rashid, Amna Zia. To Assess The Perceptionand Knowledge Of Correct Ergonomics Among Dentist In Tertiary Care Hospital. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):15-21]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.03.

Key Words: Dentists, Ergonomics, Knowledge, attitude, musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)

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[Life Sci J 2021;18(1):22-29]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4.

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Beneficial aspects of probiotics, strain selection criteria and microencapsulation using natural biopolymers to enhance gastric survival: A review

Ali Ahmad Leghari ^1,2, Sana Shahid ², Muhammad Salman Farid ², Muhammad Saeed ², Hira Hameed ², Sehar Anwar ², Zahra Nishat ², Muhammad Kamran Shahid ², Asif Meraj ³

¹ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

² National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

³ Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Email: drmsaeed@uaf.edu.pk

Abstract: Probiotics have attained an inevitable status in human life which upon ingestion in appropriate quantity bestow numerous curative benefits. The plethora of services rendered via probiotics include immunomodulation, alleviating the risks of benign tumors as well as malignant carcinomas, treating gastric disturbances, combating pathogenic bacterial strains and mitigating hypertension. Prebiotics being indigestible carbohydrates selectively escalate the growth patterns of good bacteria. Non digestible dietary constituents in synbiotics intensify the persistence and survivability of probiotics and ameliorate the overall health and wellness of the host. Microencapsulation offers utter protection and astounding propensity to shielded probiotic for evasion of all the obstacles of harsh gastric milieu. Well established and documented practices of microencapsulation include emulsion, spray drying and extrusion. Current review summarizes all the corresponding aspects of probiotic, their encapsulation using various biopolymers, improved survival and integration with different food stuff to impart functional properties.

[Ali Ahmad Leghari, Sana Shahid, Muhammad Salman Farid, Muhammad Saeed, Hira Hameed, Sehar Anwar, Zahra Nishat, Muhammad Kamran Shahid, Asif Meraj. Beneficial aspects of probiotics, strain selection criteria and microencapsulation using natural biopolymers to enhance gastric survival: A review. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):30-47]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.05.

Key words: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Microencapsulation, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria

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Beyond Science and Technology -Part 1

Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu

2/394, Kanjampatti P.O, Pollachi Via, Tamil Nadu 642003, India Email: owlskalimuthu@gmail.com

Researcher ID: AAP-4476-2020

Scopus Author ID: 25723330600

ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7978-9013

MR ID 1048338

Mobile: + 91 85 08 99 15 77

Abstract: The sages have no ages. They were born and lived in all the region of world. Their expectation was nothing and hated publicity. They were not after money and fame. They knew pure sex but they were not womanizers. The siddhas treated the opposites of nature equally. One can not hurt them and one can not praise them. They took friend and foe as one and the same. Like modern spiritual people, they were not commercial. They lived beyond sensational, emotional and temptation moods. They are immortal. Still they are alive with their astral bodies. They consumed elixir of life and enjoyed enlightenment. Whether the Zen masters, or the Buddhist Lamas, or the northern Indian Rishies, or the south Indian siddhas they were one and the same in quality.

[Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu. Beyond Science and Technology -Part 1. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):48-56]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.06.

Keywords: age; world; publicity; sex; commercial; live; life

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On Bio-cosmic Energy and eyes practice

Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu

2/394, Kanjampatti P.O, Pollachi Via, Tamil Nadu 642003, India Email: owlskalimuthu@gmail.com

Researcher ID: AAP-4476-2020

Scopus Author ID: 25723330600

ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7978-9013

MR ID 1048338

Abstract: The Unmanifested Invisible Supreme Space is the ultimate reality. It is called Brahman in Hindu philosophy. When there is a slight movement / motion in that Brahman, sound begin to originate. This sound creates PHYSICAL spacetime. Then emerges the formation of material objects. The physical spacetime has meaning if and only if there is matter. So, in a sense matter is the prime source for the properties of physical spacetime. Then this invisible Supreme space gives energy for the formation of five fundamental boot has namely soil, water, fire, air and physical space. The combination of these five boot has is the cause for all kinds of life. So, in this universe each and everything is the manifestation of energy only. The lifetron which is spinning in both clock wise and anti clock wise at the center of the bore head between the two eye brows supplies energy to the human body. When the lifetron loses its energy, then natural death occurs. If we go on filling cosmic energy in the bio energy, we can prolong human life for ever, for ever. This is not only philosophy but also science. In this work, getting cosmic energy through eyes control has been introduced.

[Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu. On Bio-cosmic Energy and eyes practice. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):57-59]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.07.

Key words: Human biology, lifetron, bio energy, cosmic energy, eyes control

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Assessment of natural regeneration status of woody species: A case study Wadi Elosob, Western District, K.S.A

A. K. Elsafori

Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Elsafori2@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study has been carried out to investigate the natural regeneration of woody species at Wadi Elosob, Western District, K. S. A. The natural regeneration of woody species in the study area is composed of Acacia ehrenbergiana, Acacia tortilis and Acacia raddiana seedlings. The density of natural regeneration was differing differs according to seasons, as in season 2018 was found 200 seedlings/ha, while in season 2019 was 1427 seedlings/ha. Seedlings’ density in year 2018 found to be highest for Acacia ehrenbergiana (134 seedlings/ha), moderate for Acacia tortilis ( 60 seedlings/ ha) and the lowest for Acacia raddiana ( 16 seedlings/ha) in season. The density of natural regeneration of season 2019 increased for all of the three species to amount to 995, 313 and 120 seedlings for Acacia ehrenbergiana, Acacia tortilis and Acacia raddiana, respectively. The study also revealed an overall season effect. It shows difference in seedlings’ regeneration according to the rainfall took place in the seasons (2018 and 2019). In season 2019 (with rainfall range of 4.2, 70.9mm), resulted in an overall density of 1427seedlings/ha, which revealed statistically to be significantly higher than that of season 2018 of 22.3, 36.2mm rainfall range and only 200seedlings/ha density. The average density of natural regeneration of woody species in the study area was found to be 814 seedlings /ha.

[A. K. Elsafori. Assessment of natural regeneration status of woody species: A case study Wadi Elosob, Western District, K.S.A. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):60-63]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.08.

Keywords：Assessment; natural; regeneration; status; woody; species

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[Life Sci J 2021;18(1):64-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9.

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Antimicrobial activity of honey samples from different sites in Northeast Algeria

Neila Nedji ¹, Wahida Loucif-Ayad ^{1, 2}

^1. Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department de Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.

^2. Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar University, 23000-Annaba, Algeria.

wahloucif@yahoo.fr

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to characterize the physicochemical properties and the antibacterial activity of honey samples collected from different sites of Northeast Algeria. The antibacterial activity of honey against Bacillus cereus (IPA), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923R), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27893R) was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and determined as an equivalent of the inhibition zones diameters after incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 hours. The moisture content, pH, Electrical conductivity and Ash were measured and the investigation of the polyphenols and flavonoid contents were done spectrophotometrically in each honey sample. Results showed that Algerian honey inhibited the growth of all examined microorganisms with the highest antimicrobial activity against the Gram positive bacteria. Physicochemical parameters were similar between the honey samples collected from different sites and polyphenol and flavonoids contents were variable, depending on the honey samples. The strong antimicrobial activity of Algerian honey may be due to high total phenolic and flavonoid contents and this study suggests potential use of honey in foods.

[Nedji N, Loucif-Ayad W. Antimicrobial activity of honey samples from different sites in Northeast Algeria. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):73-79]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.10.

Keywords: Algerian honey; antimicrobial activity; polyphenols and flavonoid contents

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Frequency Of Increased Level Of Pro Bnp In Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy

Dr. Syeda Amber Ali¹, Dr. Fawad Iqbal Janjua¹, Muhammad Farhan²

¹Gujranwala Medical College & DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala.

²University of Central Punjab, Lahore

Emails: dr.amber.ali14@gmail.com; farhanlatif6242@gmail.com

Abstract: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac neuro hormone that is secreted from the ventricles in response to increased diastolic pressure or volume. When cirrhosis is present, the BNP concentrations may be higher. Elevated pro BNP levels are related to the cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Objective: Cross Sectional study to determine the frequency of raised level of pro- BNP in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Duration of study with dates: Study was carried out over a period of six months from 11-03-2019 to 10-09-2019. Methods and Materials: A total of 148 patients were included ion the study. After initial assessment a blood sample of 5cc was taken and sent to hospital laboratory for analysis of pro-BNP at admission. Raised pro-BNP was labeled if pro-BNP was >93 pg/ml for men and >144 pg/ml for women. Results: Mean age of the patients was 56.8±9.5 years. There were 99 males (66.9%) and 49 females (33.1%). Distribution of Child Pugh Class was as follows: 40 patients (27%) of class-A, were 64 patients (43.2%) of class-B and 44 patients (29.8%). Mean duration of disease was 33.0±11.3 months. Raised proBNP was found in 88 patients (59.5%). Stratification for age, gender, Child Pugh Class and duration of disease was also carried out and there were no statistically significant results. Conclusion: In conclusion, the cardiac systolic and diastolic function of patients with cirrhosis are deficient, and diastolic dysfunction is given priority to systolic 3 dysfunction. The cardiac dysfunction confirmed the existence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

[Syeda Amber Ali, Fawad Iqbal Janjua, Muhammad Farhan. Frequency Of Increased Level Of Pro Bnp In Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. Life Sci J 2021;18(1):80-83]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj180121.11.

Key words: Pro-BNP, Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy, Liver cirrhosis

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