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Diagnostic Techniques Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus: A Review

Abde Aliy¹, Solomon Shiferaw², Dereje Shegu¹, Bayeta Senbeta¹, Chala Guyassa¹, Abdela Bulbula¹

^1-National Animal Health Diagnostic Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia

^2- Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary science, Ambo, Ethiopia

abde.aliy@yahoo.com/didigabruma@gmail.com, Telephone: +251917853590

Summary: Infectious bursal disease, also known as Gumboro disease is an acute highly contagious viral disease of young chickens and characterized by destruction of the lymphoid cells of the bursa of fabricus due to damage of bursa of fabricus the diseases causes severe immunosuppressant and impaired growth of juvenile chickens. The virus occurs worldwide, and outbreaks of disease occur frequently, and various variants occur each with a different virulence. To identify existing and emerging antigenic variants, molecular epidemiology of the virus should be studied regularly; Molecular diagnostic techniques should be used to identify subtypes or patho-types and Vaccine strain selection should be based on the result of molecular detection and characterization of existing Infectious Bursal Disease virus. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays have greater versatility and are more sensitive and specific. So, polymerase chain reaction based molecular diagnostic techniques are more efficient techniques in virus diagnosis and identification of different strains of Infectious Bursal Disease virus. The objective of this paper is therefore to review various diagnostic techniques of infectious bursal disease virus detection and emphasizing the significance of recent diagnostic techniques for strain differentiation which are essential for correct and early detection of the diseases.

[Abde A, Solomon S, Dereje S, Bayeta S, Chala G and Abdela B. Diagnostic Techniques Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus: A Review. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):1-12]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.01.

Key words: Diagnostic techniques, Immunosuppression, Infectious Bursal Disease, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Strain, Virus

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Bayesian Predictive Intervals Based on Type-II Hybrid Censored Data

Mohamed Mahmoud¹, Nashwa Yhiea², Shymaa EL-Said²

¹Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

²Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt

osha468@gmail.com, mawmahmoud11@hotmail.com, nashwamohamed@science.suez.edu.eg

Abstract: Prediction of future events on the basis of the past and present knowledge is a fundamental problem of statistics, in this paper we discuss the one- and two- sample Bayesian prediction problem from generalized linear exponential distribution based on Type- II hybrid censored data. Fort his problem, the Gibbs sampling procedure and Lindley approximation are used to approximate the Bayesian predictive survival function and several hyper parameters are used to show the sensitivity of Bayesian Predictive Intervals with respect to these hyper parameters. Finally, some numerical result are presented.

[Mohamed Mahmoud, Nashwa Yhiea, Shymaa EL-Said. Bayesian Predictive Intervals Based on Type-II Hybrid Censored Data. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):13-30]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.02.

Keywords and phrases: Bayesian prediction, Generalized linear exponential distribution, Type- II hybrid censored data, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).

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Clinical and Genetic Study of Children with White Matter Diseases

Kamal R.¹, Elshorbagy O.S.¹, Abdel-Hamid M.S.², Fateen E^.3, Rafat K.⁴, Zaki M.S.⁴

¹ Medical studies Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood studies, Ain shams university, Egypt.

²Departement of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt^.

³Departement of Biochemical Genetics, NRC, Egypt.

⁴Clinical Genetics Department, NRC, Egypt.

Abstract: Background: White matter disorders or leukoencephalopathies comprise all disorders that exclusively or predominantly cause affection of the white matter of the brain. Many leukodystrophies are degenerative in nature, their clinical course is mostly progressive. Aim of the study: Study patients of white matter diseases in order to create a new algorism for white matter diseases based on clinical and radiological presentation. Patients and methods: In this study, we describe the clinical and neuro-radiological findings of 115 patients with white matter diseases. Age spectrum is from six months to 12 years old, putting in consideration the correlation of white matter development with age during the first 2 years of life. Brain MRI demonstrated deep white matter affection in all patients that varied in severity and distribution. Results: Canavan disease encountered the most common neurodegenerative disorder in our study (22.6%). Conclusion: we present a large cohort of patients with the characteristic clinical and brain imaging findings of white matter diseases. Moreover, we create current useful, algorithms for white matter diseases hoping to be helpful for the treating neuropediatricians and neurologists to make a definitive diagnosis and to decrease burden to patients and families with uneventable investigations who usually are deteriorating from a severe and progressive neurological syndrome.

[Kamal R, Elshorbagy O.S., Abdel-Hamid M.S., Fateen E., Rafat K., Zaki M.S. Clinical and Genetic Study of Children with White Matter Diseases. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):31-36]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.03.

Keyword: Leukodystrophies, adrenoleukodystrophy

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Genetic and Clinical Study of Disorders of Sex Development among Children and Adolescents

Kamal R.^a, Mazen I.^b, Essawi M.^c, Mekkawy M.^d, Elaidy A.^b

^a Medical Studies Department for Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Egypt.

^b Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

^c Department of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

^dDepartment of Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Doctorayaelaidy@Gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Disorders of sex development (DSD) include any congenital condition with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. They are not uncommon in Egypt; genital ambiguity had an incidence of 1/5000 per 20.000 new-borns and infants. DSD are classified into 46,XY DSD, 46,XX DSD and Sex chromosome DSD. Objectives: To determine frequency of different categories of DSD among children and adolescents and to assess clinical, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of each type. Patients and Methods: 223 patients, between 0-18 years of age, were referred to Genetic Endocrinology Clinic at NRC between 2017 and 2019 with different presenting features suggesting DSD. All patients were subjected to thorough clinical examination, chromosomal analysis and pelvic sonar. Biochemical testing, FISH analysis, molecular study and gonadal histopathology were done when indicated. Results: Patients were put into three main karyotype based groups; first group had sex chromosome DSD 49%, second group had 46,XY DSD 34% and the third group had 46, XX DSD 17%. Patients varied at age of first presentation with mean age 10.13 ± 7.24 years. Patients showed wide range of presenting complaints; the most frequent was ambiguous genitalia followed by primary amenorrhea. The most frequent causes were TS, KS, CAH and 5 alpha reductase deficiency.

[Kamal R., Mazen I., Essawi M., Mekkawy M., Elaidy A. Genetic and Clinical Study of Disorders of Sex Development among Children and Adolescents. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):37-43]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.04.

Keywords: DSD- Ambiguous genitalia- XY DSD- XX DSD- Sex chromosome

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Estimation of Toxicity level of three different Herbal Bitters (Confam, G. Winco and 1960 Roots) on some Serum Lipid Profile parameters and the Heart of Wister Albino Rats

George Adieboye Oforibika¹ and Diepiriye Adokiye Oforibika²

¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain

Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

oforibikaa@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this research is to estimate the toxicity level of three different herbal bitters (Confam, G. Winco and 1960 Roots) on some serum lipid profile parameters and the heart of Wister albino rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups labeled A, B, C and D and kept in a well ventilated room. Group A served as control and these rats were treated with distilled water. Rats in the groups B, C, and D were treated with 3 different doses of the bitters (20, 30 and 40mL/Kgbw) respectively. The drugs were administered once daily for 10 and 21days consecutively. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment. Blood samples were collected into heparinized sample bottles for analysis. There was no significant difference in the results obtained. There was dose dependent decrease in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Pathological changes were seen on histology at the highest concentrations and longest durations of the herbal bitters. This study thus shows that high amounts of herbal bitters are lipid lowering and have a direct negative effect on myocardial tissue.

[Oforibika^, G. A. and Oforibika, D. A. Estimation of Toxicity level of three different Herbal Bitters (Confam, G. Winco and 1960 Roots) on some Serum Lipid Profile parameters and the Heart of Wister Albino Rats. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):44-49]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.05.

Keywords: Herbal bitters, Confam, G. Winco, 1960 Roots, serum lipid profile, Albino rats.

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The Methodology of mitigation response of the high rise building by using outrigger system

Yasser Abdel Shafy

Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, High Institute of Engineering Technology, EL-MINA

yasser.gamal2310@mhiet.edu.eg

Abstract: The construction of high rise building was beginning from the end of the 19th century with widely spread so that a lot of researchers interested to study the response of high rise building and the methodologies for reducing the response, the most loading effects on the modern high rise building was generated from wind and seismic loads so that using shear wall and core system is one of the solution to resist this effects, they are very helpful to resist and enforce the building against the lateral load but due to increasing of the height building there are necessary to search another effective mitigation mechanism to reduce the response, the development methodology of resistance became the priority for the structure designers to get the most optimization system for resistance the seismic response, so that a lot of researchers had a target to get the best methodology for controlling the response of high rise building, the outrigger system is one of the best solution to mitigate the response of the building and increasing the lateral stability of the building so that the study research direct to get the best position of the outrigger system to mitigate the response, the study focuses on using the outrigger system along the high rise building without specified position to standup the optimization position of the outrigger system, and the study target to compare between the composite material with the steel bracing of the outrigger (the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of material), the research analyzes the response of maximum displacement, story drift, shear overturning moment and base shear due to different position of the outrigger, and compare the difference in results between composite material and steel bracing for the outrigger modeling, in the final studying it can be shown that it illustrates that the results will differ than other researches and not be exactly matching with empirical results which indicates the optimum position will be in the middle of the height which means the outrigger position is effected by the modeling type and the configuration of the building, the results indicate that the increasing the reduction of the lateral displacement in X direction at the outrigger position in Floor 33 with the reduction percentage 14.14%, which means the best position in case of earth quack in X direction at 76.92% of the height of the building and in case of Y direction, the increasing of the reduction of the lateral displacement will be at the outrigger position in Floor 27 with the reduction percentage 35.12%, which means the best position in case of earth quack in Y direction at 63.08% of the height of the building from the bottom level, the reduction percentages in case of overturning moment and the shear are not significant, the model of the outrigger system hasn't big effect in reducing of the overturning moment or shear base, in the final study, the effect of using of composite section instead of steel bracing in the outrigger modeling demonstrates that the using of the composite section has a great effect in reducing the lateral displacement than the steel bracing, this results refer to the increase in the stiffness of the composite section than steel bracing.

[Yasser Abdel Shafy. The Methodology of mitigation response of the high rise building by using outrigger system. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):50-73]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.06.

Keywords: outrigger models, composite section, response spectrum analysis, optimization

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Application of Maturase K Primer to Determining Nomenclatural identities of Four Morphological Similar Mimosoid Clade Members.

Ebigwai JK,¹ Ubi GM², Akesa TM¹

^1- Department of Plant and Ecological studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

^2- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Corresponding author: ebijoe4@gmail.com

Abstract: The use of DNA barcode offers a better and more reliable alternative to morphology in plant species identification process. In this study, the chloroplast DNA region (matk) of the four morphologically similar Mimosoid species was studied. The objective was to evaluate its applicability in discriminating among these morphologically similar species. DNA samples obtained from their leafed specimens were studied in terms of DNA purity, PCR amplification, amplicons nucleotide, protein sequences, sequence authentication and phylogeny following standard methods of Extraction, Quantification, Amplification and Sequencing. The results showed similarities among the four species with respect to DNA purity, PCR amplification but revealed obvious differences between their amplicons in terms of nucleotide base pairs and amino acid residue. The nucleotide sequence of samples A, B, C and D had 755, 755, 724 and 779 bp respectively, with the corresponding 251, 251, 241 and 259 amino acid residues respectively. A total of 388 SNP was observed between samples A and B, 386 between B and C, and 386 between samples B and D. Others were 15, 14 and 9 bps between samples C and D, samples A and D, and samples A and C respectively. All the sequences were unambiguously identified; specimens A, C and D were identified as Parkia biglobosa, Leucaena leucocephala and Prosopis africana respectively; with 100 % identities while specimen B was identified as Pentaclethra macrophylla with 99.7% homology. A minimum inter-taxa barcode gap of 2 % was recorded between the study samples showing that P. biglobosa, L. leucocephala, P. macrophylla and P. africana are separate taxa. However, an 80 - 81 % barcode gaps were observed between P. macrophylla and other species, suggesting that P. macrophylla is distantly related to other species studied. The phylogenetic tree also suggested that P. macrophylla might represent a separate clade from P. biglobosa, L. leucocephala, P. macrophylla and P. africana based on their matK gene. This finding would serve the bedrock for a detailed phytochemical and morphological study to be conducted on each of the taxon to enhance rapid and cheap on field authentication process.

[Ebigwai JK, Ubi GM, Akesa TM. Application of Maturase K Primer to Determining Nomenclatural identities of Four Morphological Similar Mimosoid Clade Members. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):74-83]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.07.

Keywords: DNA barcoding, Mimosoid, chloroplast DNA region (matK)

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Evaluation of New Promising Sugarcane Clones under Agro-Ecological Conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid²*, Naeem Ahmad¹, Abdul Majeed¹, Muhammad Zubair², Huma Qamar², Hafiz Basheer Ahmad¹, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal¹, Muhammad Kamil Malik², Tariq Mahmood², Muhammad Aftab², Hafeez-u-Rehman³, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa², Muhammad Amin Zahid⁴, Muhammad Farhan⁵

^1: Sugarcane Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^2: Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^3: Soil and water testing laboratory Sialkot, Agriculture Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan

^4: Pest Warning and Quality Control of pesticides, Pakpattan, Agriculture Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan

^5: Pest Warning and Quality Control of pesticides, Bahawalpur, Agriculture Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan

rizwanaari@gmail.com

Abstract: Quality of genotype has pivotal role in determining the cane and sugar yield of sugarcane. The inherent yield potential of a genotype is of prime importance for sustaining higher production. The study was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad to evaluate the performance of 12 promising sugarcane clones against check variety HSF-240 for the growing season 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed a significant difference among the clones for agronomic attributes. S2006-US-658 superseded all the other clones including the check variety in terms of cane yield (140.23 t ha^-1). The sugar recovery was found maximum in S2003-US-633 (11.82%) while check variety exhibited sugar recovery of 11.33% under the agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad.

[Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid, Naeem Ahmad, Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Zubair, Huma Qamar, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal, Muhammad Kamil Malik, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Aftab, Hafeez-u-Rehman, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa, Muhammad Amin Zahid, Muhammad Farhan. Evaluation of New Promising Sugarcane Clones under Agro-Ecological Conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):84-88]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.08.

Key words: Sugarcane, Clones, Variety, Genotypes, Cane yield, Sugar recovery

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The Use of Medical Applications among Anesthesia Technology Students at Umm Al-Qura University In 2020

Shammah Ahmed Ali

Department of Clinical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, EMS, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA

ahghamdi2@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Smart devices became important and essential part in our daily life’s, we noticed that there are unaware or miss use of this wealth among anesthesia students in UQU, so we wanted to direct their attention to the presence of medical applications that may benefit them in their life’s and there medical practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and measure prevalence of medical applications among anesthesia technology students and the extent of their benefit from them. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among ‏anesthesia technology students at Facility of applied Medical Sciences-Umm Al-Qura university, makkah, Saudi Arabia. The Target population included Anastasia technology department student year 2020, they were 121 male student. Conclusion: The use of medical applications on mobile devices is not common among anesthesia Technology students of UQU university. Medical applications make smartphones useful tools in the practice of evidence-based medicine in their daily life at work, In addition it’s an easy access and available at almost every smart device. Also, smartphones can play a very important role in patient education, makes medical formula calculations available anywhere anytime.

[Shammah Ahmed Ali. The Use of Medical Applications among Anesthesia Technology Students at Umm Al-Qura University In 2020. Life Sci J 2020;17(6):89-93]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj170620.09.

Keywords: health personnel; smart phones; emergency departments; healthcare quality; policy

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