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Range of ankle movements after reduction with precontoured locking plate for distal tibial fracture

Muhammad Sajid¹, Muhammad Adeel-Ur-Rehman¹, Asad Ali¹, Tahseen Riaz¹, Muhammad Mansoor Hafeez², Sobiya Alyas, Qurban Ali² and *Arif Malik²

^1.  Orthopedics Unit 1, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan

^2.  Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan

Corresponding Author: arifuaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Distal tibia fractures are complex injuries with a high complication rate. The presence of significant osteoporosis increases the risk for compound or more complex fractures associated with higher morbidity and mortality. More severe tibia fractures stem from high-energy trauma, most often motor vehicle collisions. Fractures of the distal tibia can be challenging to treat because of the limited soft tissue, the subcutaneous location, and poor vascularity. The best treatment remains controversial. Objective: To determine the frequency of patients achieving full range of ankle movements after reduction with precontoured locking plate for distal tibial fracture. Methodology: It is a descriptive case series. Total 75 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were included in this study after the approval of ethical committee of Jinnah Hospital Lahore. An informed consent was obtained. Then patients underwent surgery by a single surgical team under general anesthesia. Then patients were shifted in post-surgical wards and discharged from their wards on very next day. Then patients were followed-up in OPD for 24 week after surgery on every second week. After 24 weeks, range of ankle movements was assessed. All the information was collected through a specially designed proforma. Results: The mean range of motion (ROM) was 31.52±10.06. In this study full range of ankle movement was seen in 62(83%) of patients. However no statistically significant association was seen for full range of ankle movement with age of patients (p-value=0.831), gender (p-value=0.291), side involved (p-value=0.658) and BMI of patients (p-value=0.825). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that patients presenting with distal tibia fracture can be effectively managed in terms of full range of ankle movement with precontoured locking plate. However further long-term studies are needed to compare other relevant outcomes with this treatment modality.

[Sajid M, Adeel-Ur-Rehman M, Ali A, Riaz T, Hafeez MM, Alyas S, Ali Q, Malik A. Range of ankle movements after reduction with precontoured locking plate for distal tibial fracture. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):1-5]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.01.

Keywords: Range of ankle movements, precontoured locking plate, distal tibial fracture

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Decrease in pain one month after transforaminal lumbar steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy

Shahid Ali¹, Muhammad Jawad Saleem¹, Nauman Ahmed², Mazhar ali³, Nabil Ashraf Cheema⁴, Abubakar Atiq Durrani¹, Muhammad Mansoor Hafeez⁵ and Arif Malik⁵

^1. Orthopedics Spine Institute, Doctors Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore- Pakistan

^2. Neurosurgery department, Sheikh Zaid hospital, Lahore-Pakistan

^3. Orthopedics Department, Nishter medical College and Hospital Multan, Pakistan

^4. Neurosurgery department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan

^5. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan

Corresponding author email: arifuaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to determine mean decrease in pain score one month after transforaminal lumbar steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 95 cases presenting to orthopedics spin centre doctor hospital Lahore fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. An informed consent of the patients was obtained. Initial pain score on VAS was recorded. The nerve root to be infiltrated was determined. Methylprednisolone acetate (Depomedrol 0.5 ml/20 mg) and preservative free 0.5% bupivacaine (1.5 ml/7. 5 mg) was injected together in a single syringe per nerve root. All the patients were followed-up for a period of 1 month. All patients were given Ibupropofen for first 3 post-procedure days to alleviate procedural pain. Subsequent to the procedure, all patients were directed to consult the researcher for back-strengthening exercises, starting after day-7 of the procedure. Mean pain score on 1 month follow up was recorded. Result: Mean pain score of the patients was recorded as 8.11+0.82, after treatment it was 5.2+1.09 while mean decrease was recorded as 2.92+0.69, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference. Conclusion: We concluded that mean decrease in pain score one month after transforaminal lumbar steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy was significantly reduced when compared to initial pain score.

[Ali S, Saleem MJ, Ahmed N, Chaudhary M, Cheema NA, Durrani AA, Hafeez MM and Malik A. Decrease in pain one month after transforaminal lumbar steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):6-10]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.02.

Keywords: Lumbosacral radiculopathy, reduction, pain, transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injection (TLESI)

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Dry Peas-2018 Variety: An Innovative High Yielding And Powdery Mildew Resistant Dry Pea, Rich Source Of Protein

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq_, Muhammad Amin_, Amer Hussain^, Amir Amin, Sadia Kaukab and Muhammad Shafiq

Pulses institute Ayb Agricultral Research Institute Faisalabd Pakistan.

Corresponding author: Muhammad Amin

Email: aminpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: Dry pea-2018 is a bold seeded, powdery mildew, pea rust resistant and high yielding variety of dry peas (Pisum sativum L.). it is a cross between two genotypes (T-29 × T-37). The hybrid/cross work was started at area of Pulses Institute AARI Faislabad Pakistan in year 2002-03. It has used pedigree method of selection. The segregating progenies was evaluated and advanced to F5 generation after fulfilling suitable standards. The pure line was routed from F5 source in during 2007-08 and completed evaluate in yield nursery during 2008-09 for further judgment. It was evaluated for two years in station yield trials from 2009-10 to 2010-11 to meet its objectives before moving further to micro yield trials in 2011-12 to 2012-13. It was evaluated in pathological, entomological studies, adaptation yield trials and micro yield trials in the same year for different parameters to complete. The variety dry peas-2018 produced more seed yield (10-56 %) in different yield trials over respective checks with a yield power of 3750 kg hectare^-1. It come out first in 2011-12 and 2013-14 in micro and multi locational yield trials. This is bold seeded variety which suitable for commercial purpose. It has 25.3 % protein contents. Its flower size is large, white in color. It takes 75-80 days to flower (50 %) after sowing. Pod size larger than check variety Number 267 having 6.1-6.5 cm in length. The number of pod range 26-65 with 3-4 seeds pod^-1 while no pod shattering. grain color is beige shiny, large shape. Seed size is larger than check Number 267 having 170 gram 1000-seed weight. Its plant shape is semi erect with range of 80-160 cm in plant height; taller than check variety Number 267. The plant stem is light green in color. Number of primary branches ranged from 2-6. it has secondary branches ranged from 7-10. Leaf color is light green, leaf size is large, pubescence is absent and large size leaflets. It indicates good results at seed rate of 60 kg hectare^-1 with 15 cm plant to plant and 24-60-0 kg NPK hectare^-1. Resistance against powdery mildew, pea rust, bold seeded good yield potential and good are major attributes of new dry pea variety “Dry peas-2018”.

[Ch. Muhammad Rafiq_, Muhammad Amin_, Amer Hussain, Amir Amin, Sadia Kaukaband Muhammad Shafiq. Dry Peas-2018 Variety: An Innovative High Yielding And Powdery Mildew Resistant Dry Pea, Rich Source Of Protein. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):11-15]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.03.

Key-Word: Pisum sativum; genotype; cross-breeding; hybrid; more yielder variety; disease resistant; protein good; Pakistan; quality

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Success rate of interlaminar endoscopic discectomy with laminotomy in patients with lumber disc prolapse

Shahid Ali¹, Muhammad Jawad Saleem¹, Nauman Ahmed², Mazhar Ali³, Babar Ali⁵, Nabil Ashraf Cheema⁴, Abubakar Atiq Durrani¹, Muhammad Mansoor Hafeez⁵ and Arif Malik⁵

^1. Orthopedics Spine Institute, Doctors Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore- Pakistan

^2. Neurosurgery department, Sheikh Zaid hospital, Lahore-Pakistan

^3. Orthopedics Department, Nishter medical College and Hospital Multan, Pakistan

^4. Neurosurgery department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan

^5. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan

Corresponding author email: arifuaf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the clinical outcome and complications in patients with single and two level lumbar disc prolapse treated with Interlaminar endoscopic discectomy with laminotomy (IELD) using the Karl Storz system. Methods: 300 patients with manifestations of lumbar disc prolapse were included according to the inclusion criteria. After taking written informed consent all patients were operated through interlaminar endoscopic approach using Karl Storz system. This study was conducted in Doctors hospital after the approval of ethical committee of the hospital between 1^st Jan 2016 to 31^st Dec 2019. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively (at 2weeks, 6weeks, 3months, 6months, and year one). Clinical examination entailed the straight leg raising test, tests for knee and ankle jerks and for sensory loss, and muscle charting. Preoperative MRI was mandatory. Low back pain and leg pain was assessed on visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Modified Macnab criteria. Results: According to modified MacNab’s criteria, 87% (n=261) patients had an excellent outcome, 11 % (n=33) had a good outcome, 2% (n=6) had fair outcome, and no patient in this study had poor outcome. The mean VAS scale for leg pain improved from 4.15 to 0.7 and the mean VAS scale for back pain improved from 4.0 to 0.9. Conclusions: We concluded that I.E.L.D is a safe alternative to open and microdiscectomy. I.E.L.D has advantages of decrease morbidity, faster post op recovery, decrease hospital stay, early return to work and cosmesis.

[Ali S, Saleem MJ, Ahmed N, Chaudhary M, Cheema NA, Durrani AA, Hafeez MM and Malik A. Success rate of interlaminar endoscopic discectomy with laminotomy in patients with lumber disc prolapse. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):16-21]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.04.

Keywords interlaminar, endoscopic, discectomy, laminotomy, microdiscectomy

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Environmental assessment of aquatic weeds, water and sediments related to rehabilitation and manual maintenance (Case study: Desonas Canal, Egypt)

Yasser Mahmoud Ali

Researcher -Channel Maintenance Research Institute - National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt;

E-Mail: yassermahmoud2003@yahoo.com

Abstract: The massive spread of aquatic weeds leads to cause many problems including water losses, retardation of flow, health hazards and alteration in the physic-chemical characteristics of both water and hydro soil. The aquatic environment in this case is a fertile source of diseases affecting Farmers health who are dealing directly with the aquatic environment through the use of canal water to irrigate their lands. The objective of this research to ascertain the improvement of the aquatic environment in Desonas Canal after rehabilitation and manual maintenance. The study included the aquatic weed, water and sediments condition before and after rehabilitation and manual maintenance. The result of the study showed that the periodic manual weed maintenance on Desonas Canal decreasing the aquatic weed infestation with a percentage ranged from 38 % up to 64 %, and, the implemented rehabilitation of low efficient reaches on the canal leads to increasing flow velocities. Also, the physico-chemical properties of both canal water, and bed sediments were improved with varying rates. This may be attributed to removal of surface layer of canal bed while rehabilitation process, this layer are controls the exchange of elements between sediments and water. This layer containing some decaying aquatic weeds, organic sediment and the residues of agricultural fertilizers accumulated over time. Also, the removal of aquatic weed and increasing flow velocities has improved the physico-chemical properties.

[Yasser Mahmoud Ali. Environmental assessment of aquatic weeds, water and sediments related to rehabilitation and manual maintenance (Case study: Desonas Canal, Egypt). Life Sci J 2020;17(4):22-31]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.05.

Keywords: Aquatic weeds; water quality; sediments; rehabilitation; manual maintenance

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The potential role of MiR-328 & MiR-96 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with AML

Ebtihal Fawzy Farag¹, Sohair M. Abd El-AHaleem², Wesam Salah M.², Atef M. Taha³, Gamal Eldeen M. Fathy.⁴

¹Assistant Fellow in Clinicl Pathology, Benha Teaching Hospital, General Organization For Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt.

²Professor of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinicl Pathology, Tanta University, Egypt.

³Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.

⁴Consultant of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Naser Institute For Researching & Treatment, Egypt.

Email: Ebtihalfawzy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: MiR-328 plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation of cancer cell lines and MiR-96 have a regulatory role. The aim of this work is to study the potential role of MiR-328 & miR-96 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 persons who were divided into two groups: Group I:40 newly diagnosed AML patients were be selected from hematology/oncology unit of Tanta University Hospital and Naser Institute. Group II: 20 apparently healthy subjects as a control matched in age and sex with patient’s group. Detection of expression levels of MiR-328 and MiR-96 by SYBR Green Real time PCR in both groups. Results: Compared with normal controls; The expression of MiR-96 and MiR-328 were significantly down expressed in plasma of newly diagnosed AML patients (p<0.0001). MiR-96 and MiR-328 down regulated were associated with markers of poor risk: high WBCs count, elevated blast count in PB and BM, lower hemoglobin concentration, decrease platelets counts and unfavorable cytogenetics among the studied cases. Overall survival in patients with low MiR-96 and MiR-328 expression were significantly lower than that in those with high MiR-96 and MiR-328 expression. Conclusion: Patients with relatively lower levels of MiR-96 and MiR-328 expression had worse outcome in terms of achievement of response and short overall survival.

[Ebtihal Fawzy Farag, Sohair M. Abd El-AHaleem, Wesam Salah M., Atef M. Taha, Gamal Eldeen M. Fathy. The potential role of MiR-328 & MiR-96 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with AML. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):32-38]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.06.

Keywords: MiR-96, MiR-328, Acute myeloid leukemia, SYBR Green Real time PCR, Prognosis.

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Food Potential In Dry Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Crop To Handle Food Security Menace

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Amin, Amer Hussain and Sadia Kaukab

Pulses Department, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad Pakistan.

Corresponding author: Muhammad Amin Email: aminpbg@yahoo.com

Abstract: The experiment was conducted on twelve (12) dry peas advanced lines during 2017-2019. The results of analysis of variance show significant differences among all the advanced lines for all parameters. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were more as compare to their corresponding genotypic coefficients variation (GCV). Phenotypic coefficient of variation increased owing to environment contribution. High heritability observed except total seed yield per plant and pod per plant. This range of inheritance has key role in selection. The path coefficient vitalizes that seed per pod, 100–grain weight and pod length had maximum direct effects on dependent variable, grain yield per plant.

[Ch. Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Amin, Amer Hussain and Sadia Kaukab. Food Potential In Dry Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Crop To Handle Food Security Menace. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):39-42]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.07.

Keyword: correlation; dry peas; genotypes; heritability; path analysis; Pisum sativum; yield

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Effect of soil particle size in reducing the Scour around bridge Piers at the Curved Channels

Ahmed Helmy Mahmoud

Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

E-mail: ahmedbadr3000@hotmail.com

Abstract: The local scour around bridge piers is one of the most common causes of bridges’ failures. In general, scour phenomenon is extremely complex in nature and consequently in the past, many investigators have attempted to develop conservation, analytical, semi-empirical or empirical equations based on the understanding of mechanism of both local and general scouring. However, most of the researchers have studied the scour around bridge piers located in both straight and curved channels but did not recommend the best size of grains of soil downstream hydraulic structures. Especially with the piers rotating around its axis in the direction of flow with angles 2.5 and 5 degrees. A 30 degrees curved channel was investigated with various piers shapes that were placed in middle of the curved part of channel. The flume wall was made of glass with a rectangular cross section of (30x60 cm). Its length is 8 m; the middle segment is curved. Different conditions of Froude’s number` from 0.162 to 0.33 were conducted using six different conditions with both angles 2.5 and 5 degrees for piers’ rotation around its axis in the direction of flow. The remaining soil after the completion of scour has been collected around the pier and sieve analysis was done. Measurements using ultrasonic device were taken, analyzed, presented and discussed. It has been concluded that the hexagonal shape M₂ with rotation angle 2.5⁰ showed the lowest scour depth.

[Ahmed Helmy Mahmoud. Effect of soil particle size in reducing the Scour around bridge Piers at the Curved Channels. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):43-49]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.08.

Keywords: Effect; soil; particle; size; reducing; Scour; bridge; Piers; Curved Channel

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Review and analysis of World Experience in the Use of Information Communication Systems, Technologies in Social Support and Rehabilitation of Families

Dilarom Gafurdjanova Tashmukhamedova¹, Saida Safibullayevna Beknazarova²

^1. Candidate of Medicine Science, Associate of Professor, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

^2. Doctor of Technical Sciense, Professor Audiovisual Technologies of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

saida.beknazarova@gmail.com

Abstract: This article describe how to use the information technologies in education, both in everyday life and for distance learning, is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world. ICTs can significantly increase the chances of people getting an education at all levels. The widespread use of ICTs in knowledge acquisition can also promote family cohesion, promote family values, prevent adverse social conditions in families, and, above all, provide training in work and access to information and communication technologies. ICT provides an opportunity to organize remote work, the performance of professional duties by a freelancer at a distance from the location of the organization where he works (at home or in the center of telecommunications services), through telecommunications and computer equipment. This article reviews and analyzes the world experience in the use of information and communication systems and technologies in the social support and rehabilitation of families, suggests the introduction of special programs for the use of ICT in the field of social protection and support of people from families in need, which are mainly narrowly focused on providing specific functions and tasks for the organization of self-help for family representatives.

[Tashmukhamedova D.G., Beknazarova S.S. Review and analysis of World Experience in the Use of Information Communication Systems, Technologies in Social Support and Rehabilitation of Families. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):50-58]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.09.

Keywords: ICT use, social protection, support of people, adverse social conditions, families in need, self-help, freelancer.

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The Effect of Wells’ Spacing on the Recharge Rates

Mostafa Ali Abdelaal

Associate Professor, Irrigation and Hydraulics sector, Civil Engineering Dept., Al_Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

E-Mails: Eng_mostafaali75@yahoo.com, MosatafAbdelaal.14@azhar.edu.eg

Abstract: Egypt has suffered recently presence of floods leading to the destruction of properties and even lives and waste large amount of water and from this was the goal of this research is to reduce this disaster (floods) to protect the lives and properties not only that, But it also has the advantage of storing these huge amounts of water and making use of them in the future, We have found one of the best ways to deal with these cases is the artificial recharge projects. We have done a model that simulates the artificial recharge through a group of recharge wells to reach to the ideal distance between recharge wells to reach the highest efficiency in the well rates for the well.

[Mostafa Ali Abdelaal. The Effect of Wells’ Spacing on the Recharge Rates. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):59-64]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.10.

Keywords: Effect; Well; Space Recharge; Rate

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Genetic Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes at seedling stage under moisture stress condition

Arshad Abbas¹, Usman Saleem¹, Sadia Kaukab², Salman Saleem³, Aqsa Tahir² and Zubair Ahmed³

¹College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha.

²Pulses Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad.

³MSM, National Agricultural Research Center. Islamabad.

Corresponding author’s email: usman.saleem@uos.edu.pk

Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the leading cereal crops in Pakistan. It is also extensively grown as fodder crop for livestock consumption. Drought is an inevitable and recurring feature of agriculture in Pakistan. Therefore, present study was designed to evaluate the genotypes of maize which performed better under moisture stress at seedling stage. Fourteen maize genotypes collected from these sources were planted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) using the irrigated and water stress environment with three replications. All tested maize accessions were found to be dissimilar from one another for both normal and drought conditions. Dry biomass had positive association at genotypic level for both fresh and dry weight of shoots, fresh root weight and fresh biomass under normal conditions while it had the prominent association with dry shoots weight and shoot length under drought condition. The parameter like length of shoot was found to have the prominent association and in positive direction at the phenotypic levels with the parameters like germination percent, fresh shoots weight, dry roots weight, dry and fresh weight of shoot.

[Arshad Abbas, Usman Saleem, Sadia Kaukab, Salman Saleem, Aqsa Tahirand Zubair Ahmed. Genetic Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes at seedling stage under moisture stress condition. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):65-74]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.11.

Key words: Maize, Association, Drought Stress, Quantitative Characters.

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Fertility Levels and Geographical Patterns: A Geographical Study of Himachal Pradesh.

Amit Singh* and Etender Singh**

*Block Resource Person, Haryana School Shiksha Pariyojna Parishad, Block Shahabad, Kurukshetra

Email: amitkuk10@gmail.com

** Assistant professor, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

Email: singhetender27@gmail.com

Abstract: Himachal Pradesh is a state of India, in which most of the population is rural. It is commonly seen that facilities in the countryside are low. Despite having a large rural population, Himachal Pradesh is one such state in India, which still has a low birth rate. Therefore, the existing perusal compares study area fertility rates with national average as well as study fertility levels and geographical patterns in Himachal Pradesh. This reading is established on secondary records, available in Sample registration system report and census of India website. As far as approach is affined, direct measures of birth rates have been used at district stratum. The analysis exhibit that the high birth rates have been note down in Bilaspur, Solan and Sirmaur. While, the lowermost fertility rates are chronicled in Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur.

[Singh, A. and Singh, E. Fertility Levels and Geographical Patterns: A Geographical Study of Himachal Pradesh. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):75-82]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.12.

Key words: Fertility levels, Geographical Patterns, Crude Birth Rate, Cohort, Total Fertility Rate

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Ecological and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Halophyte Aeluropus Lagopoides Grows

Wildly in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Amina Al-Moshaddak¹, Hassan S. Al Zahrani¹, Manal El-Zohri^1,2

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21488, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.

melzohri@kau.edu.sa; mnzohri@aun.edu.eg

Abstract: Halophyte species of Saudi Arabia are a source of unique active phytochemicals, potentially due to the extreme environmental conditions under which the plants grow in the KSA. These phytochemicals make the native halophytes possibly interesting crops for medical uses. GC-MS analysis has been conducted in this study to identify the most abundant phytochemical in A. lagopoides roots, leaves and flowers extracts separately. In total, 50 compounds have been identified in the studied extracts. The identified phytochemicals included 10 terpenoids, 8 alkaloids, 7 fatty acids, 6 alkanes, 4 steroids, 3 phenols, 2 flavonoid, 2 alcohols, 2 esters, and 2 organic acid. Several compounds with eminent pharmatheotical importance recorded in relatively high percentage in the studied extracts, including phytol, 9-desoxo-9-x-acetoxy-3,8,12-tri-O-acetylingol, dihydroxanthin, cadinol, endrin, colchifoleine, lucenin 2, quercetin and prednisone.

[Al-Moshaddak A, Al Zahrani HS, El-Zohri M. Ecological and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Halophyte Aeluropus Lagopoides Grows Wildly in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):83-91]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.13.

Keywords: Halophytes; secondary metabolites; phytochemical analysis; GC-MS screening

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Postoperative Pressure Injury after Epidural Analgesia; a Scoping Review

Hana H. Webair, MBBS ^1,2 and Raed S. Ahmed, MBCh, FRCSC, FACOG, MScCH ³

¹Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen

²International Medical Center, Jeddah, Suadi Arabia

³ Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Suadi Arabia

hhwebair@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To identify how postoperative pressure injury (PI) after epidural analgesia had been researched to identify the existing gaps, then to summarize the existing literature, particularly focusing on the rate of occurrence, clinical presentation and risk factors. Design: Scoping review. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINHAL, Academic Search Complete, and SCOPUS up to September 2018. Study selection: All published articles that discussed PI following postoperative epidural analgesia regardless of study design, or language. Data extraction: Studies were assessed on article characteristics (author, year of publication, article type, language, and study location); methodology (study design, study objectives, and number of participants); participants’ characteristics (age, gender, and type, and duration of surgery); anesthesia and epidural analgesia characteristics (anesthesia type, epidural analgesia medications and rate, and level of epidural insertion); and PI description (percentage of occurrence, site, preventive measures, and treatment). Results: From 225 studies, 19 were included for analysis. Unfortunately, most of the articles found were descriptive in addition to short litters. In fact, the methodological limitations resulted in great variation in the reported occurrence rate, being present in anywhere between 0% and 23% of cases. Many of the reported cases were among healthy, young, and low risk patients. Preventive measures reported frequently including the application of PI prevention protocol, and increase patients and staff awareness. Studies discussed factors thought to be related to PI development. However, characteristics of anesthesia and epidural analgesia were the predominant factors. Those characteristics included neuroaxial versus general anesthesia, lumbar versus thoracic epidural insertion, in addition to motor and sensory block. Conclusions: The published work is insufficient to describe the full picture of postoperative PI following epidural analgesia. In addition, the association of PI with epidural analgesia has not yet been confirmed due to the lack of robust methodology. Further well-designed studies are recommended to bridge literature gap. Strengths and limitations of this study: 1. This is the first review collected data about postoperative pressure injury after epidural analgesia. 2. The large proportion of letters and case studies could have led to a bias and negatively affect the quality of our results.3. Quality evaluation was not performed because of the limited number of good published studies.

[Hana H. Webair, MBBS, and Raed S. Ahmed, MBCh, FRCSC, FACOG, MScCH. Postoperative Pressure Injury after Epidural Analgesia; a Scoping Review. Life Sci J 2020;17(4):92-101]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj170420.14.

Keywords: Postoperative; Pressure; Injury; Epidural; Analgesia; Scoping; Review

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