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Isolation And Charactarization Of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Rotten Tomatoes Sold At Tungan Goro Market, Minna. Niger State, Nigeria.

Erena N. B

Department of Integrated Science, School of Sciences, Niger State College of Education Minna. Niger State, Nigeria.

erenanuhu@gmail.com

Abstract: The identification of bacteria associated with rotten tomatoes from Tungan Goro Market, was conducted. Rotten tomatoes from Tungan-goro market were taken to the laboratory in a clean polythene bag. The tomatoes were subjected to microbiological test and Biochemical analysis were also conducted for isolation and characterization of bacterial strains. Five bacteria strains where isolated and characterized; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the isolated organisms, four isolates, Listeria monocytogens, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus anthrasis are identified as pathogens. While Bacillus subtilis is the only non pathogenic organism isolated. The research recommended proper handling of harvested tomatoes fruits, proper screening of the harvested tomatoes fruits and provision of disease resistance varieties.

[Erena N. B. Isolation And Charactarization Of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Rotten Tomatoes Sold At Tungan Goro Market, Minna. Niger State, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):1-4]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.01.

Keywords: Rotten tomatoes, pathogenic bacteria, Tungan goro market.

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The research status of cosmetics and the establishment of biological beautiology

Li Zhao, Huaijie Zhu^*

Jacksun Easy Biotech Inc. New York, USA. jkl06060929@163.com

^*Corresponding author E-mail: jacksun689@qq.com. The Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, The 2^nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

Abstract: Reviewing the history of cosmetics, the discovery of glycerin and its absorption of water in the 1720s promoted the development of synthetic cosmetics. After the second world war, the development of world economy brought the production of synthetic cosmetics, and the prosperity of synthetic cosmetics reached in the 1970s.However, due to the name of functionality, a variety of additives in cosmetics increasingly increased, entered a dangerous cosmetic period. Due to the appearance of synthetic cosmetics to environmental pollution and human toxicity, the world started the "return to nature" and entered the period of natural cosmetics. But, because there is no research evidence to explain, the theory basis that the skin has absorb nutrition to go realizing hairdressing goes as a result of skin itself physiology structure cannot absorb functional characteristic, accordingly, still cannot achieve the goal that protects skin. A survey of 366 women using cosmetics in three Chinese cities by Jacksun Easy Biotech Inc; 1) The damage of synthetic cosmetics to human face is manifested in facial chloasma, and the incidence of senile plaque and skin allergy is increased; 2) The younger the age, the higher the incidence of various spots. Based on this investigation and the above review of the history of cosmetics, it is concluded that currently cosmetics on the market only damage and harm to human skin. Dr. Zhu Huaijie, CEO of the company, proposed a new concept of cosmetic skin care, biological cosmetology, Namely without violating normal metabolism of skin cells, choose has confirmed that is harmless to the human body, and have certain effect to the cells of our bodies function of physical and/or chemical substances, by regulating the biological cells growth and metabolic changes, realize skin keratinization anomaly correction at the same time, to realize the process of skin beauty, called biological cosmetology.

[Li Zhao, Huaijie Zhu. The research status of cosmetics and the establishment of biological beautiology. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):5-11]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.02.

Keywords: cosmetic, Biological Beautiology, biology, cosmetics harm, Skin care, synthesis of cosmetics, Acne care, skin disease, Acne treatment

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Alternations in Blood Serum Levels of Aβ (1-40) and Superoxide Dismutase in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Saudi Population: an Observational Study

Fatimah Abdou Khormi, Safa Yousef Qusti, Madiha Noah Sini

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

f.khormi@hotmail.com

Abstract: The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the Middle East including Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly. The results of recent epidemiological investigation have suggested possible associations and some common pathophysiological mechanisms between Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and AD like amyloid beta (Aβ) formation and oxidative stress with antioxidant enzymes. To gain insights on this relation, an observational study was initiated. We recruited and interviewed 300 research participants (age ≥ 65 years) from King Abdulaziz Hospital outpatient clinics and Mental Health Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in a period from July 2018 to January 2019: 100 control, 100 T2DM and 100 AD subjects. We assessed the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) with Aβ (1-40) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) for all groups. No Significant differences between groups were observed for age and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.0001). AD patients have significant decrease in MMSE among other groups. The highest level of HbA1c%, Aβ (1-40) and SOD was found in T2DM group. Negative relation was found between HbA1c% score and Aβ (1-40) and SOD. MMSE score was negatively related with HbA1c% while positively correlated with Aβ (1-40) and SOD. These results suggest that T2DM associated with higher Aβ (1-40) and antioxidants power while AD associated with lower Aβ (1-40) and antioxidant power. Serum Aβ (1-40) seems the most promising biomarker for AD diagnosis. More investigations to clarify this association are warranted.

[Fatimah Abdou Khormi, Safa Yousef Qusti, Madiha Noah Sini. Alternations in Blood Serum Levels of Aβ (1-40) and Superoxide Dismutase in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Saudi Population: an Observational Study. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):12-17]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.03.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ (1-40); SOD; Saudi Arabia

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Efficacy of underwater exercises on Egyptian Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Shahesta A. Osama¹, Lamis Ahmed Osama², Somaia A. Hamed³

¹Department Of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal disorders And Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Egypt

²Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Egypt

³Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Egypt

lamis.ahmedosam.pt@o6u.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the serious chronic rheumatic disorders in children and adolescents which results in less physical activities and restlessness hours than their peer. Purpose: The study aimed to detect the effect of underwater exercise program on aerobic capacity and muscular strength in Egyptian children with JIA. Methods: seventy children from both sexes with oligo-articular JIA, they were randomly divided in two equal groups control group received exercise training protocol, study group received the same exercise training protocol in addition to hydrotherapy exercise session three times per week for three successive months. Evaluation was done pre and post interventions included: peak oxygen uptake (Vo2 peak) and muscle strength assessed by isokinetic testing device. Results: There is significant improvement in mean values of the measured variables including peak oxygen uptake (Vo2 peak) peak torque of knee extensors and flexors of both lower limbs during the concentric contraction mode, and peak torque of wrist extensors and flexors of both upper limbs during the concentric contraction mode with the advantage of the study group. Conclusions: The results of the study suggested that children with JIA when participated in under water exercises this may enhance equality of life in children with JIA.

[Shahesta A. Osama, Lamis Ahmed Osama, Somaia A. Hamed. Efficacy of underwater exercises on Egyptian Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):18-26]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.04.

Keywords: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; peak oxygen consumption; isokinetic testing.

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Relation between interleukin 6 level and Cachexia in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma

Abdella HM¹, Mai Ahmed El- Deeb², Hamed AM¹, Salah MM¹, Elkholy AA¹, Heba Ismail¹.

¹ Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

² Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

hbabdella@yahoo.com, mael_deeb@yahoo.com, amr_hamid78@yahoo.com, sinderelamanar@gmail.com, d_abdalnour@yahoo.com, drhebaismail105@gmail.com

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises most frequently in the setting of chronic liver inflammation. In recent years evidence about the relation between inflammation and initiation, promotion and progression of tumors are accumulating. Chronic inflammation in cachectic patients is often a combination of both tumor and host derived factors. A multitude of cytokines including; TNF–α, IL-1β IL-6, glucocorticoids, and myostatin have been implicated in facilitating a cachectic state. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations between cachexia and serum levels of IL-6 in patients with HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma. This case control study was conducted on 113 naïve patients with confirmed diagnosis of HCV related liver disease with HCC; 40 patients were diagnosed with cachexia while 73 patients had no cachexia, there was A significant higher level of serum IL-6 level in HCC patients presented with cachexia syndrome (P value =0.0 HS) with mean level of 285 Pg/mL. Also a significant correlation between IL-6 level and AFP level BCLC stage significantly noticed in patients with cachexia These data suggest that IL-6 can be used as a marker for cachexia in patients with HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Abdella HM, Mai Ahmed El- Deeb, Hamed AM, Salah MM, Elkholy AA, Heba Ismail. Relation between interleukin 6 level and Cachexia in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):27-31]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.05.

Keywords: Relation; interleukin 6; level; Cachexia; patient; Hepatocellular; carcinoma

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Human Papillomavirus Types, 16 and 18 Among HIV Sero Positive Women Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Taysir Ramadan Hafiz¹, Emmanuela C. Ngwongwo², Usman A Dutsinma¹

¹ Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Al-Azhar University and Bayero University Kano

² Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

dr.taysiralassuty@gmail.com

Abstract: Globally, one of the mainly widespread sexually transmitted infections is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most important etiologic agent in cervical tumor development. HPV types 16 and 18 are more virulent, causing more than 16% of all cervical carcinomas. An associated infection of high-risk genital HPV types with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) representing an oncogenic problem. Aim of the work, To determine the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus types 16 and 18 infection among HIV sero positive women attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. The CD₄­ counts and HIV-viral load of the subject women were obtained from their medical record. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. This research involved 86 sexually active HIV positive women in which 25(29.1) % were single, 61(70) % were married. Their age group was between 20-50 years. 50 (58.1%) out of the 86 women enrolled in this study were positive for HPV, while 36 (41.9%) were negative for HPV. From the pap smear carried out, low squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) that were found was 17 (19.8%), atypical Squamous Cell-High Squamous intra-epithelial legion (ASC-HSIL cannot be excluded) seen were 11 (12.8%) and negative with inflammation were 38 (44.2%). From the 28 samples that have cell abnormalities, 6 (21.4%) were positive for HPV type 16, while 16 (57.1%) were positive for HPV type 18. This study shows that women living with HIV are prone to develop cervical cancer, as 28 (32.6%) out of 86 women enrolled in this study have cell abnormalities, which indicate that, there is possibility for cervical cancer occurrence. This study also shows that there is a high prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection, as type 16 and 18 were detected from these women. There should be an effective pap smear annual screening among women living with HIV, and early treatment of precancerous cervical lesions, to prevent cervical cancer occurrence.

[Taysir Ramadan Hafiz, Emmanuela C. Ngwongwo, Usman A Dutsinma. Human Papillomavirus Types, 16 and 18 Among HIV Sero Positive Women Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):32-39]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.06.

Keywords: Human; Papillomavirus; HIV; Sero; Positive; Women; Hospital; Nigeria

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Width of the Femoral Intercondylar Notch in Relation to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Mohamed Osama Khalifa, Elsayed Elforse, Mohamed Hosney, Mostafa Ayoub

Orthopedic surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tanta University, Egypt.

Abstract: Background: An important step in preventing ACL is the determination of the risk factors for these injuries. An increase in the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may be attributed to the narrowing in the intercondylar notch, but the data are contradicts. A small notch problem has been defined as a difficult of impingement of the notch on the ACL in hyperextension or the lateral femoral condyle on the ACL leading to cutting or break during twisting maneuvers. This would indicate a pathological relationship among the ACL and its adjacent bony vault. Materials and Methods:102 male patients with and without non-contact ACL injuries, who were referred to the Department of Orthopaedic at Tanta university from January 2018 to December 2018, were included in the patient and control groups, respectively, MRI was performed using 1.5 Tesla or 3 Tesla MRI with the patient's knee in an extended location. the femoral notch width Index was measured in all patients. Results: Fifty-one participants were included in each group. The Notch width and Notch Width Index (NWI) was narrowed in the patients significantly than in the normal controls. Conclusion: The findings of MRI measurements showing that NWI is narrowed significantly in individuals with ACL ruptures paralleled with the control patients with intact ACL, suggesting that a narrow notch is accompanied with an elevation in the risk of injury in ACL.

[Mohamed Osama Khalifa, Elsayed Elforse, Mohamed Hosney, Mostafa Ayoub. Width of the Femoral Intercondylar Notch in Relation to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):40-46]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.07.

Key Words: ACL, Knee, Sports injury, Intercondylar notch width index, Arthroscopy knee.

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Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of coconut juice, coconut oil and methotrexate on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7

Prof. Linakurdi and Ruba Aljuhani

Biology Department, Faculty of science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, KSA

1700319@uj.edu.sa

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the cytological toxicity for each Coconut juice, oil and mixture of them with Methotrexate on breast cancer cells MCF-7, using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, along with assessment of possible their anti-cancer effects in comparison with Methotrexate alone. The experiment sample was divided into 6 groups; control, Methotrexate alone, Coconut juice alone, Virgin Coconut oil alone and mixing Coconut juice, Oil with Methotrexate at concentrations [0.1,0.3, 1.0, 3.0,10,30,100 µg/ml]. The main findings were no difference on average breast cancer cells MCF7 for most experiment groups at low concentrations 0.1 and 0.3 µg/ml, while at higher concentrations 10, 30 and 100 µg/ml, Coconut juice with Methotrexate had the superior effect on suppressing cancer cells, then juice, then mixture of Virgin Coconut Oil and Methotrexate, then Virgin Coconut Oil and lastly Methotrexate alone. The study concluded that the mixing Coconut juice with Methotrexate had a significant regressing treatment effect on growing (apoptosis) and spreading of cancer cells in vitro. We recommend to do further studies aiming to combine Coconut juice, oil as an adjuvant to chemotherapeutic agents in treating cancer patients.

[Linakurdi and Ruba Aljuhani. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of coconut juice, coconut oil and methotrexate on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):47-57]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.08.

Keywords: MCF-7, Coconut juice, Coconut oil, Breast cancer cell line, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, SRB

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Dual Growing Rod Technique for the Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis

Mohamed Ahmed Yehia, Hany Abdel Gawwad Soliman, Ayman Mohamed Sayed

Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of medicine - Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Email: aymn.aboamer@yahoo.com‏

Abstract: Background: Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is known as bend of the spine in children >10° in coronal plane before 10 years old. This spinal malformation in early stage of life representing an important health risks for the child and a challenge to pediatric surgeon. Objective: To date the procedure, results, safety, effectiveness and general clinical outcome with the dual growing rod treatment technique in attaining and sustaining scoliosis correction while permitting spinal development. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 15 children with scoliosis in early stage. They were all treated with dual growing rode method in Atfal Misr Hospital orthopedic department. Results: The children were followed-up for 8-36 months (average 18 months) after first surgical treatment. The average number of lengthening was 2.6 (range, 1 – 5) per patient, the average age was 8.5 years (range, 7 – 10). Conclusion: The application of dual growing rod method is operative and safe. It upholds correction attained at first operation whereas allowing spinal growth to last. It upsurges the period of treatment, delivers acceptable constancy, and has a tolerable rate of complication matched with former reports using the single rod method. However, the complications are remains significant, and the long-term commitment before the therapy is initiated must be fully understand by the family. Moreover, to allowing persistent spinal growth, this technique of surgical treatment recovers the volume of thoracic cage in this challenging patients group. This is a continuing research, and long-term follow-up is required to approve our temporary results.

[Mohamed Ahmed Yehia, Hany Abdel Gawwad Soliman, Ayman Mohamed Sayed. Dual Growing Rod Technique for the Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):58-64]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.09.

Keywords: Early onset scoliosis, dual growing rod, scoliosis

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Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of E.Coli (O157: H7) from Fish in Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

Aynadis Tilahun¹, Aweke Engdawork²

¹Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Gishe Rabel Woreda Animal Diseases Control Expert, Gishe Rabel, Ethiopia

²Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Researcher at Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, P.BOX: 30726; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

engdaworkaweke@gmail.com

A Thesis Submitted to Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine, for the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Attainment of Degree in Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)

Abstract: Escherichia coli belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, and gram-negative bacilli bacteria. The isolation and identification of E.coli O157:H7, and its antimicrobial susceptibility have been done in fish from skin and muscle samples taken from Lake Hawassa in Southern Ethiopia. A total of 343 healthy fish was randomly sampled (212 skin swab and 131 muscle swab) which comprise three species Nile tilapia, African catfish and Barbus (golden) fish. From a total of 343 fish samples, 80 (23.3%) E.coli was isolated, while 8 (2.3%) strain O157: H7 was isolated. In case of part of fish where swab samples were taken from a total of 212 skin swabs and 131 muscle swabs 69(32.54%) and 11(8.4%) E.coli was isolated, respectively. Similarly, from 212 skin swabs and 131 muscle swabs, 7(3.3%) and 1(0.76%) pathogenic strain (O157: H7) of E. coli was isolated, respectively. The occurrence of E.coli from fish skin and muscle is statically significant with p-value (0.000). Therefore, E.coli was more prevalent in fish skin than muscle. However the occurrence of E. coli and its strain O157: H7 in Nile tilapia, African catfish and Barbus fish was not showing a Significance difference, where that p-value is greater than 0.05. E.coli O157: H7 isolates were tested with nine available antimicrobial drugs. All eight isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and Sulfamethoxazole. Whereas all of the isolates were 100% resistant to some antibiotics like ampicillin and cefoxitin. Isolates for tetracycline were 1(12.5%), 4(50%) and 3(37.5%) were resistant, intermediate and susceptible, respectively. And 3(37.5%) resistant, 1(12.5%) intermediate and 4(50%) isolates were susceptible for streptomycin. For doxycycline 5(62.5%), 2(25%) and 1(12.5%) were susceptible, intermediate and resistant, respectively. E.coli and the starin O157: H7 are among the common microbial threats to the fishery practice. Indiscriminate uses of antibiotics to treat bacterial infection promote the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Further study should be conducted in the fish environment for isolation and identification of pathogenic microorganism that has great zoonosis importance like E. coli O157: H7.

[Aynadis Tilahun, Aweke Engdawork. Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of E.Coli (O157: H7) from Fish in Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):64-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.10.

Keywords: E.coli; Fish; Lake Hawassa; Muscle; O157: H7; Skin

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Value of Combined 2D and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Determining the Integrity of The Lower Uterine Segment cesarean section Scar

Mai El-Sayed Nagy Hebah, Ashraf El Mohamady Gharieb, Manal Mustafa Abd Allah and Ayman Abd El Aziz El Dorf

Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Abstract: Introduction: Our cross sectional (observational) study aimed to evaluate Value of Combined 2D and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Determining the Integrity of The Lower Uterine segment cesarean section scar at Tanat University Hospitals. Patients and Methods: For the purpose of our study 50 patients were included and submitted to the following assessments thorough history taking, Complete clinical examination: and Tran abdominal 2D ultrasound and Color Doppler. Results: Only six (12.0%) showed ballooning of the scar which was interrupted, with outside scar border and non-homogenous echo structure. As regards the scar thickness, it ranged from 1.40-7.50 mm with a mean of 4.13±1.50. Avascular scar in 40 patients whereas, hypervascular and hypovascular ones were detected in only 16.0% and 4.0% of the studied women respectively. Intraoperative evaluation revealed well-developed lower uterine segment scar in more than half (58.0%) of the studied women while, the scar was thin without visible content in 32.0% and with visible content in 10.0% of patients. All (100%) cases who showed intraoperative thin scar with visible content and 6.2% of those with thin scar without visible content showed ballooned interrupted, non-homogenous scar with outside border in transabdominal us examination. Hypervascular and hypovascular scars were statically related to the presence of thin scar with or without visible content during intraoperative settings (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined 2D and color Doppler US are better in predicting the integrity of the lower uterine segment with previous cesarean section scar.

[Mai El-Sayed Nagy Hebah, Ashraf El Mohamady Gharieb, Manal Mustafa Abd Allah and Ayman Abd El Aziz El Dorf. Value of Combined 2D and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Determining the Integrity of The Lower Uterine Segment cesarean section Scar. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):74-82]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.11.

Keywords: Cesarean section, lower uterine segment, CS scare.

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Three dimensional assessment of the long-term treatment stability after maxillary first molar distalization with Carriere distalizer appliance

Ahmed Sh. Hashem

Department of orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt

Abstract: Introduction: Maxillary molar distalization is an efficient modality for treatment of dental Class II malocclusions in nongrowing patients. The long-standing maintenance of the results of the distalization therapy is a great challenge for orthodontists. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the stability of the dental and the skeletal changes produced by the Carriere distalizer appliance followed by fixed appliance therapy 4 years after treatment using cone beam computerized tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved randomly selected cone beam computerized tomographic images of 22 patients (15.9±2.4 years old) previously treated with Carriere distalizer appliance for maxillary molar distalization followed by fixed appliance therapy and retention period. Cone beam computerized tomographic images were taken before distalization (T1), after fixed orthodontic treatment (T2) and four years after treatment (T3) in the same standardized technique to assess the stability of dental and skeletal treatment results. Results: Between T2 and T1, maxillary first molar had significant distal movement (2.53±1.09 mm), intrusion (0.97±0.55 mm), and distal crown tipping (2.74°±1.1°) with insignificant rotation. Mandibular first molar showed significant mesial crown tipping (1.85°±0.87°), while lower incisors showed significant labial crown torquing (2.29°±1.17°). Between T3 and T2, the only significant dental effects were mesial crown tipping (1.01°±1.13°) of maxillary first molar with lingual crown torquing of lower incisors (1.08°±1.19°). SNA and ANB angles showed significant decreases (0.69°±0.48° and 1.16°±0.5° respectively), while SNB angle showed significant increase (0.47°±0.23°) between T2 and T1. There was significant decrease in ANB angle between T3 and T2 (0.5°±0.39°). Conclusions: Dental and skeletal treatment results of distalization accomplished with the Carriere Distalizer appliance followed by fixed appliance therapydisplayed minor changes 4 years after treatment.

[Ahmed Sh. Hashem. Three dimensional assessment of the long-term treatment stability after maxillary first molar distalization with Carriere distalizer appliance. Life Sci J 2020;17(2):83-90]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj170220.12.

Keywords: Maxillary molar distalization; Class II malocclusion; Carriere Distalizer appliance; Cone beam computerized tomography.

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