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Enhancement the level of accuracy Precise Point Positioning Using multi constellation for new signals GPS, Galileo and BeiDou

Prof. Dr. Essam M. Fwaz¹, Prof. Dr. Abdel Esmat¹, Assiat. Dr Mahmoud Salah², Zahraa Mohammed¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Surveying Engineering, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Egypt

drzahraaomar2018@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper will discuss the "Between-Satellite-Single-Difference" (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combination of pseudoranges and carrier phase measurements from GNSS constellation namely "GPS, GALILIO and BeiDou". Inter system Biases will be removed from both code and phase. The using of BSSD technique can improve the precision of the latitude, longitude and altitude components, by comparison it with the traditional undifferenced technique the result show better positioning precision. This method will present an efficient model for precise point positioning (PPP). BSSD "Between satellite signal difference” can cancel out the receiver hardware delay, receiver clock error, and the non-zero initial phase of the receiver will illustrate that the PPP solution will be improved by using our BSSD-based model in comparison with traditional undifferenced PPP model.

[Essam M. Fwaz, Abdel Esmat, Mahmoud Salah, Zahraa Mohammed. Enhancement the level of accuracy Precise Point Positioning Using multi constellation for new signals GPS, Galileo and BeiDou. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):1-7]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.01.

Keyword: BSSD - undifferenced technique- precise point positioning (PPP)

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Estimation of food intake in west Algerian hypertensive adults

Djilali Larbaoui

College of Life Sciences, Ibn-Khaldoun University – Tiaret 14000, Algeria.

E-Mail: djlarbaoui@yahoo.fr.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate food intake in west hypertensive Algerian adults. Mean age and BMI of patients was 53 ± 4 years and 26 ± 2 Kg/m², respectively. Patients were divided into eight groups according to hypertension with/ or without other associated pathologic factors (obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease) and compared with 51 controls (M:W, 25:26) with a mean age of 50 ± 6 years and BMI of 22 ± 1 Kg/m². The population studied is characterized by a low socio-economic level found in 40% of cases. The food survey shows that global energy intake is higher than recommended intake, it ranges from 10.35 ± 1.26 to 14.86 ± 2.30 MJ / 24h. Caloric distribution of food ration during different meals is objectionable compared to recommended distribution because the most of ration is consumed during lunch (35 to 40%) and dinner (33 to 45%). Energy intakes of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are respectively (13 to 15%), (35 to 41%) and (46 to 50%). There is a predominance of animal protein intake (52 to 71%, ie 49.69 ± 10.44 to 80.45 ± 12.96 g / 24h of total protein) in the majority of patient groups. High intakes of saturated fatty acids (58 to 63%, ie 80.19 ± 9.93 to 100.17 ± 11.35 g / 24h) and higher than those of the Mediterranean diet are observed in the majority of patient groups. The proportion of complex carbohydrates is 53 to 75% in GIII, GIV, GVII and GVIII patients compared to 25 to 47% in GI, GII and GVI patients. Dietary cholesterol intake varies between 285.31 ± 11.33 and 822.12 ± 12.17 mg / 24h. These intakes correspond to the Mediterranean diet for patients in GI, GII group and largely exceed it (683.23 ± 10.12 to 822.,12 ± 12,1 mg / 24h) in patients of GV (P <0.01), GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, GVII and GVIII (P <0.001). Dietary fiber intake varies from 20.18 ± 1.23 to 31.12 ± 5.11 g/24h. This intake is lower than that of the Mediterranean diet in all patients. The lowest dietary fiber intakes were observed in GIII, GVII and GVIII patients (P <0.001). In conclusion, it seems that the dietary imbalance observed in most patients of this study contributes with other risk factors (obesity, diabetes, smoking and sedentary lifestyle) in the development of cardiovascular disorders. This study recommends advising theses patients to give a great importance to their food intake and to correct their mode of nutrition to ovoid atherosclerosis risk.

[Djilali Larbaoui. Estimation of food intake in west Algerian hypertensive adults. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):8-16]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.02.

Key words: Food intake, hypertensive Algerian adults, obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, socio-economic level, Mediterranean diet, atherosclerosis risk

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Effect of Reinforced Replacement Soil on Behavior of Soft Clay

Abd EL Samee W. Nashaat and Ahmed S. Rabei

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Civil Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Beni- Suef University, Beni- Suef, Egypt.

Waelnashat@eng.bsu.edu.eg, Ahmed011285@eng.bsu.edu.eg

Abstract: In the present study, the analysis is performed using finite element analysis to investigate the effect of geogrid reinforcement layers number on bearing capacity of soft clay, settlement and contact pressure as well as location and shape of failure surface at contact surface. The soil replacement used in this study is taken granular soil over soft clay. The soft clay material model used is Hardening Soil Model. The analysis program consists of sandy soil replacement with different thicknesses without and with different number of reinforcement layers at different vertical spacing between reinforcement layers. The parameters investigated included replacement layer thickness, number of geogrid reinforcement layers, vertical spacing between layers, and footing width. It was concluded that, the ultimate bearing capacity of soft clay at contact surface with replaced layers increases with increasing geogrid reinforcement layers number. However, increasing thickness of replaced reinforcement layer increases ultimate bearing capacity of soft clay. In addition, the ratio between settlement and total thicknesses of replaced layers at contact surface decreases with increasing replaced of reinforcement thickness and increasing geogrid reinforcement layers number. However, the stresses in soft clay soil at contact surface between soft clay and replacement soil decreases with increasing replacement thicknesses and increasing geogrid reinforcement layers number. In addition, the contact pressure values at contact surface with replacement layer decrease with increasing geogrid reinforcement layers number. In addition, the failure wedge angle of soft clay increases with increasing replacement thicknesses and increasing different number of geogrid reinforcement layers. In addition, the contact pressure values at contact surface with replacement soil layer has been determined.

[Abd EL Samee W. Nashaat and Ahmed S. Rabei. Effect of Reinforced Replacement Soil on Behavior of Soft Clay. Life Sci J 2019;16(9):17-35]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.03.

Keywords: Bearing, capacity, reinforced, replacement, soft clay

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Effects of Applying ISO 9001/2015 Criteria on the Quality of Administrative Work: Field Study

Dr. Najwa Ibrahim Al badal1y¹ and Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Farhan²

1Assistant Professor of Law, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

2College of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the effects of applying (ISO 9001/2015) criteria on the administrative work quality in College of Community and College of Applied Studies and Community Services - Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University. The researchers used the descriptive (analytical) approach. Research sample included employees of administrative units of College of Community and College of Applied Studies and Community Services - Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University (n=104). Sample included (94) females and (10) males. Results indicated that: (1) There are statistically significant differences for the effect of ISO 9001/2015 on the quality of administrative work according to department and experience. (2) There are statistically significant differences among responses of participants concerning the quality of administrative work according to experience, gender and department. (3) Applying ISO 9001/2015 affected academic affairs department followed by administrative affairs department considering the type of department. (4) Clients' satisfaction improved leading to competitive advantages for the college compared with other colleges not acquiring ISO certificate.

[Najwa Ibrahim Al badal1yand Ahmed Mohamed Farhan. Effects of Applying ISO 9001/2015 Criteria on the Quality of Administrative Work: Field Study. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):36-44]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.04.

Keywords: ISO – Quality Management – Higher Education

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Safety and Efficacy of Dual Trigger of Oocyte Maturation Compared with Conventional Agents for High Responders

Mohammed El-Husseiny Radwan¹, Mustafa Taha Sharafel Din¹ and Seham Mahmoud Eldeeb²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Egypt

²Public Health and Community Department, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine - Zagazig University, Egypt

hussenyradwan@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate safety and efficacy of dual trigger of oocyte maturation in comparison with conventional agents for high responders. 122 women distributed into two groups (61 women in both two group) to compare number of oocytes retrieved and OHHS risk in dual trigger group in comparison with HCG trigger group. Women in the study group were significantly younger (p≤0.003), no significant differences in BMI (p≥0.6), etiology or duration of infertility (p≥0.2), basic sex hormone levels (LH: p≥0.1, FSH: p≥0.1, E2: p≥ 0.4). no significant difference were recorded regarding the number of follicles measuring ≥10 mm in diameter. On the other hand, high quality embryos (p≤0.004) and number usable embryos (p≤0.001) and number of transferred embryo (˂0.001) were significantly higher in dual trigger group. Our results suggested that administration of dual trigger consisting of GnRH-a and low dose HCG is probably safe and effective method of triggering final oocyte maturation in cases of high responders in comparison with conventional triggering with standard dose HCG.

[Mohammed El-Husseiny Radwan, Mustafa Taha Sharafel Dinand Seham Mahmoud Eldee. Safety and Efficacy of Dual Trigger of Oocyte Maturation Compared with Conventional Agents for High Responders. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):45-50]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.05.

Keywords: Dual trigger, OHSS, oocytes retrieval, high responders.

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Evaluation of Torque Changes in Buccal Segment Using Two Methods of Anterior Retraction

Kareem M Mohamed

Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University. Egypt.

kemosuns@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim: The study was to evaluate of torque changes in buccal segment using two methods of anterior retraction Materials and methods: Twenty patients complaining from flaring in the maxillary anterior teeth were examined by cone beam computed tomographic radiographs and all cases indicated for first premolars extraction. Half of them had been treated with (0.017 × 0.025 inches) preformed reverse curve TMA with closing (T-loop) and the other half had been treated with Torqueing spring as an auxiliary spring under the main arch-wire together with continuous power chain for retraction of the upper anterior teeth. The pre and post CBCTs were analyzed three dimensionally using the image processing method (Mimics Innovation). Angular measurements for the maxillary buccal segment were taken to evaluate the changes of torque in posterior teeth during retraction. Results: There is statistically insignificant difference between buccal segment torque during anterior retraction in each group using closing loop or torqueing spring but there are statistically significant differences between buccal segment torque in closing loop and torqueing spring. Conclusion: Using of torqueing spring appliance affect the torque value on the buccal segment than the TMA closing preformed (T-loop).

[Kareem M Mohamed. Evaluation of Torque Changes in Buccal Segment Using Two Methods of Anterior Retraction. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):51-58]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.06.

Keywords: Evaluation; Torque; Change; Buccal Segment; Method; Anterior Retraction

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The relation between food awareness with some components of body construction for athletes at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

Mona Mustafa Abdu Sakory¹, Marwa Ahmed Kholif², Haitham Fayez Mahmoud Akl³, Walid A. S. Seddik⁴

¹Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Applied Studies and Community, Service, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

²Assistant Professor, Deanship of preparatory year and supporting, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

³Assistant Professor, Faculty of Applied Studies and Community, Service Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

⁴Lecturer of Faculty of Applied Studies and Community, Service Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.

Abstract: The research aims to identify the relation between food awareness with some components of body construction for athletes at El-Emam Abdelrahman El-Faisel University. The researchers used the descriptive curriculum because of its property for the thesis nature. The chosen sample of the research consists of (20) athletes aged from 18-21 years old. The data was collected by conducting measurements on the thesis sample such as the physical measurements (e.g. length, weight, circumferences, fats percentage, body mass indicator BMI) and chemical measurements (e.g. the folic acid proportion in blood, Hemoglobin, fasting glucose proportion, the blood cholesterol proportion). One of the most important findings in the research that it shows the results of the food awareness and the young athletes' poor awareness of dietary behaviors, eating fast food regardless its uselessness, and refusing to have breakfast. The research shows the sample awareness of the body indicators in addition to the awareness that weight is not an indicator for the proper nutrition. The most important recommendations are to organize cultural courses and scientific seminars in clubs and university institutions, and that there is a necessary need for a nutrition expert in the technical staff of the football team.

[Mona Mustafa Abdu Sakory, Marwa Ahmed Kholif, Haitham Fayez Mahmoud Akl, Walid A. S. Seddi. The relation between food awareness with some components of body construction for athletes at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):59-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.07.

Keywords: relation; food awareness; component; construction; athletes

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Comparative study between Immunochromatography, Enzyme immunoassay and Real-time PCR for diagnosis of Rotavirus infection in infants and young children with acute winter diarrhea

Alaa F. Shafik ¹, Mohamed Z. Hussein¹, Aziza A. Elfiky¹, Rasha Mohamed Gamal Elshafiey ² and Wageih S. El-Naghy¹

¹Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

²Pediatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Alaa_fathy_500@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: One of the most etiologies of mortality between newborns and children in developing countries is acute infectious gastroenteritis. It is frequently due to viral infection. Rotaviral infections in young children can result in severe, life threatening diarrhea. In developing countries, the impact of infection is further severe where about 600,000 deaths occur yearly. An easily, sensitive and rapid assay is required to offer timely detection of this viral agents for operative clinical controlling and employment of separation measures. The aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to compare between Lateral flow Immunochromatographic test (RIDAQUICK Rotavirus Test), Enzyme immunoassay test (RIDASCREEN Rotavirus Test) and Quantitative RT real-time PCR (VIASURE Rotavirus kit) in the diagnosis of Rotavirus infection in infants and young children with acute winter diarrhea. Methodology: The present study was carried out on 50 infants and young children, who were attending the Diarrhea and Nutrition Unit of Pediatric Department at Tanta University Hospitals in the period from December 2016 to March 2017 and were clinically diagnosed according to history, clinical signs, symptoms and using Vesikari scoring system as having acute gastroenteritis, those were included in the patients' group. In addition to 10 apparently healthy infants and young children were included as a control group. Stool samples were collected from the study group and the control group. The samples underwent testing by Lateral flow Immunochromatographic test (RIDAQUICK Rotavirus Test), Enzyme immunoassay test (RIDASCREEN Rotavirus Test) and Quantitative RT real-time PCR (VIASURE Rotavirus kit) for diagnosis of Rotavirus in stool samples. Results: Using the 3 different diagnostic methods on the patients' group revealed that 35 (70%) of the cases gave positive results with RIDAQUICK Immunochromatography kit and 41 (82%) were positive by RIDASCREEN ELISA and 49 (98%) were positive with real time RT-PCR. In addition to the control group they all gave negative results with the 3 tests. Conclusion: The rotavirus immunochromatographic test (RIDAQUICK) is a good substitute for the infrequent analysis of stool samples in ambulatory practice. It is rapid, inexpensive and useful for testing single specimen. However, it has minor sensitivity and not perfectly detect positive samples obtained post the sequence of clinical disease. ELISA test (RIDASCREEN Rotavirus) is more accurate than IC test. It is suitable as a routine diagnostic tool in the lab. and can display large numbers of samples. However, a major drawback of ELISA system is not costly effective in case of assaying a single sample. Quantitative real time PCR, can provide higher sensitivity and specificity. It also offers important benefits for the recognition of rotavirus nucleic acids in minimal levels in stool samples.

[Alaa F. Shafik, Mohamed Z. Hussei, Aziza A. Elfiky, Rasha Mohamed Gamal Elshafiey and Wageih S. El-Naghy. Comparative study between Immunochromatography, Enzyme immunoassay and Real-time PCR for diagnosis of Rotavirus infection in infants and young children with acute winter diarrhea. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):72-87]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.08.

Keywords: Comparative study; Immunochromatography; Enzyme immunoassay; Real-time PCR; diagnosis

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Biomechanical Indicators as a Basis for Designing Specific Exercises of Smash Hit in Sitting Volleyball

Dr. Marwa Ahmed Fadl

Associate Professor, Training and Kinematics Department, Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

Marwafadl_4480@yahoo.com

Abstract: The current research aims to study biomechanical qualities of smash hit in sitting volleyball as a basis for designing a specific exercises program. The researcher used the descriptive approach (case study) with video-based 2D biomechanical analysis using Simi Motion Analyses Software. One sitting volleyball player of "Al-Mustakbal" Sports Club was chosen to participate in this research. The player performed (3) trials of smash hit and the best one was chosen for motion analysis. Results indicated that: （1）Comparison of Effects of Amiodarone versus Verapamil in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (1) Means and standard deviations of biomechanical variables of the smash hit in sitting volleyball were calculated for specific moments. （2） There are statistically significant correlations among some biomechanical variables and the performance level of smash hit during specific moment in sitting volleyball.

[Marwa Ahmed Fadl. Biomechanical Indicators as a Basis for Designing Specific Exercises of Smash Hit in Sitting Volleyball. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):88-95]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.09.

Key words: Biomechanical Indicators - Specific Exercises - Smash Hit - Sitting Volleyball

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Evaluation of different routes of prophylactic progesterone for preterm birth prevention. A randomized controlled trial

Mohammed El-Husseiny Radwan¹ and Mustafa Taha Sharafel Din¹

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

Email: Hussenyradwan@gmail.com

Abstract: The intent of this study was to speculate the prophylactic role of progesterone administration in reducing the incidence of preterm birth among women susceptible for spontaneous preterm birth and to compare the efficacy of vaginal suppositories versus intramuscular injection of progesterone in decreasing risk of preterm delivery. The selected women were randomized into three groups, 22 women for each. Group A: 22 pregnant were instructed to self-administration of 200 mg natural progesterone as (Prontogest) vaginal suppositories, group B: 22 pregnant who received 100 mg intramuscular natural progesterone (Prontogest) injection every third day until 37gestational weeks or delivery and group C: (control group) 22 pregnant who have the lowest risk to PTB and are the least susceptible to preterm birth followed till time of delivery without progesterone administration until required. There was no significant difference among groups regard age, basic demographic, past history distribution and present history items. There was a decrease in the incidence of preterm birth among the control group and the other two groups with no statistically significant difference among the two groups. No statistically significant difference between the two groups (I.M, Vaginal) concerning number of NICU admission and neonatal morbidity, but lower percentage among vaginal progesterone group. Birth weight was higher among vaginal group. NICU stay was higher among intramuscular group. Preterm birth was significantly associated with threatened abortion (p= 0.001), UTI (p= 0.001) and Preterm contraction (p= 0.00). It could be concluded that regular administration of progesterone for women susceptible for PTB is associated with lower rates of PTB when compared with intramuscular progesterone, vaginal progesterone is associated with lower percentage of preterm birth, less recurrent SPTB, less adverse maternal side effects, fewer NICU admissions, better compliance.

[Mohammed El-Husseiny Radwan and Mustafa Taha Sharafel Di. Evaluation of different routes of prophylactic progesterone for preterm birth prevention. A randomized controlled trial. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):96-102]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.10.

Keywords: Evaluation; different route; prophylactic progesterone; preterm; birth; prevention; randomized controlled trial

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The prevention and control measures for defoliation diseases of flue-cured tobacco G80 in Hunan province

Chungui Tang¹, Zengguang Zhai ¹, Yuefeng Zhong², Pengfeng Chen², Feng Zhou², Dewu Zeng², Shipeng Xiang¹, Guo Hongxiang^3*, Liu Weiqun^3*

¹Changsha Municipal Tobacco Company, Changsha 410007, China

²Liuyang Branch of Changsha Tobacco Company, Liuyang 410300, Hunan, China

³College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

^*Corresponding author: guohongxiang06@126.com and liuweiqun2004@126.com

Abstract: G80 is a characteristic variety of flue-cured tobacco in Changsha. However, defoliation disease limits popularization and application of the G80 varieties. Here, some prevention and control measures for defoliation diseases were analyzed. The protective agents 1 and 3 can effectively reduce the incidence of the defoliation disease. Smearing protective agents 1 is a time-consuming work, so it is not adaptive for agricultural field production. Therefore, we suggest that protective agents 3 can be used for controlling defoliation diseases of G80. In addition, it was also found that spraying boron fertilizer can reduce the defoliation disease of G80.

[Tang CG, Zhai ZG, Zhong YF, Chen PF, Zhou F, Zeng DW, Xiang SP, Guo HX, Liu WQ. The prevention and control measures for defoliation diseases of flue-cured tobacco G80 in Hunan province. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):103-106]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.11.

Keywords: defoliation disease, G80, protective agents, boron fertilizer, tobacco production

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Soil remediation fertilizers improve soil in tobacco production

Lijun Yang¹, Xiaojing Xu¹, Baocheng Yu², Yawen Lu³, Yuanyuan Yang³, Yunchao Song³, Weihuan Jin^3*, Hongxiang Guo^3*

¹ Zhumadian Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China

² Wuhan Cigarette Factories, Wuhan 430040, Hubei, China

³College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China

^*Corresponding author: guohongxiang06@126.com and whjin@henau.edu.cn

Abstract: The overall agricultural productivity of soil is decreasing because of soil acidification and consolidation. The single tobacco cultivation mode is usually executed in tobacco production, easily inducing degradation of soil productivity. The soil remediation fertilizers were often used to improve the quality and agricultural productivity of soil. Here, it was found that soil remediation fertilizers can increase invertase, phosphatase and urease activities in soil and improve the soil pH. The analysis of soil nutrient showed that the soil remediation fertilizers can significantly increase the organic matter content, the available p content, the available potassium content and the hydrolyable nitrogen content in soil. The invertase, phosphatase and urease activities in T3 are the highest in all treatments, therefore, the appropriate amount of soil remediation fertilizers should be used in tobacco production. These results are helpful for the popularization and application of soil remediation fertilizers in tobacco production.

[Yang LJ, Xu XJ, Yu BC, Lu YW, Song YC, Yang YY, Liu WQ, Jin WH, Guo HX. Soil remediation fertilizers improve soil in tobacco production. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):107-111]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.12.

Keywords: soil remediation fertilizers, soil enzymes, soil productivity, tobacco production

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Effect of ozone on submandibular salivary gland of alloxan-induced diabetic rats: Histological and ultrastructural study

Doaa A. Taiema¹, Reda Gaber Saleh², Elsayed Mohamed Deraz³

¹ Lecturer of Oral Biology^, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt

² Lecturer of Oral Biology^, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt.

³ Assistant Professor of Oral pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt.

E-mails: dodofirstmolar@gmail.com, redag2000@gmail.com, elsayedderaz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficiency and /or dysfunction of insulin. Several pathological changes in acini and ducts of submandibular salivary gland were demonstrated in diabetes Recently, ozone has been introduced in medical filed as new therapeutic agent using its benefits effects on subsiding the destructive effects of diabetes mellitus. Aim of study: The current study was performed to examine the effect of ozone on submandibular salivary gland of alloxan-induced diabetic rats at histological and ultrastructural levels. Methods: Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups each one ten rats as follows; group I (control), group II (diabetic) exposed to diabetes induction model by alloxan. group III (ozone) rats received intraperitoneal administration of ozone at a dose of 1.1 mg/kg. The rats from each group were euthanized 6 weeks after experiment. The submandibular salivary glands were removed and examined at histologically and ultrastructural levels. Results: histological examination of diabetic rats revealed sever degenerative changes of the glandular tissue including intracytoplasmic vacuolization, different sizes and shape of the acinar cells. Atrophic striated ducts and granular convoluted tubules with retained eosinophilic secretory material. In ozone treated rats, reversion of the destructive effects of diabetes was noticed and the gland nearly exhibited a normal architecture pattern, including normal acini, striated ducts and granular convoluted tubules structure with small number of intracytoplasmic vacuolization and little amount of eosinophilic material. The ultrastructure examination of diabetic rats revealed irregular dark nuclei perinuclear spaces, large cytoplasm vacuoles, irregular dilated degenerated rough endoplasmic reticula with degenerated mitochondria in acinar cells and striated duct. Depletion of secretory vesicles in serous cells and coalescing of electron lucent secretory vesicles in mucous cells. Myoepithelial cell showed clumping of the nuclear chromatin. For ozone treated rats, glandular tissue (serous and mucous cells, striated duct) showed mostly normal structure with little signs of degenerative changes including small cytoplasm vacuoles, little amount of rough endoplasmic reticula dilatation. Myoepithelial cells appeared with normal nucleus others showed little amount of nuclear clumping chromatin. Conclusion: Ozone as a potent oxidizer that has a potential therapeutic role in reversing the destructive effects of diabetes on submandibular salivary gland.

[Doaa A. Taiema, Reda Gaber Saleh, Elsayed Mohamed Deraz. Effect of ozone on submandibular salivary gland of alloxan-induced diabetic rats: Histological and ultrastructural study. Life Sci J 2019;16(10):112-121]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj161019.13.

Key words: Alloxan, diabetes mellitus, histological, ozone, rat, submandibular salivary gland, ultrastructural

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