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Using Climate Models to predict Precipitation at upper Blue Nile

Sherien A. Zahran

Assistance professor at Canedian International Collages (CIC)

sherine_zahran@cic-cairo.com, shereinzahran@gmail.com

Abstract: The changes in the climate is clearly differs than other stress factors, where the harshness and incidence are undefined. A necessary need for complete climate change adaptation procedure through defining and consumingthe available data on effects of climatic changes. The purpose of present investigation was to elucidate the effect of climatic diversity (precipitation) in Blue Nile that was represented in 3 regions; “Bahr Dar, Combolcha, Debremarcos”. The projections of Ten GCMs climate models were used in the current study. Measuring of improbability in term of sensitivity of those models seasonally and inter-annually for precipitation. Downscaled information for the IPCC-SRES A2 greenhouse gas productionssettingdemonstrating a extraordinary growth of discharges into the forthcoming were evaluated to choice a forecast that would end in the driest and wettest impending for the Blue Nile sub-basin. Intervalsequence for 1961:1990 offer a base line for climate variation scenario. The near future prediction for 2046:2065 was applied. The results shown that there is great fluctuation in precipitation among the annually models however the expectedvariationissues are restricted to the perceived in wet season comparing with dry season.

[Sherien A. Zahran, Using Climate Models to predict Precipitation at upper Blue Nile. Life Sci J 2018;16(1):1-9]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj160118.01.

Keywords: Climate change, Blue Nile, climate model.

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Numerical Modeling of Earth Retaining Walls Constructed in Limited Spaces

Elsamny M. Kassem¹ and Abd EL Samee W. Nashaat²

¹Civil Engineering Dep., Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Civil Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Beni- Suef University, Beni- Suef, Egypt.

waelnashat@eng.bsu.edu.eg

Abstract: The study of soil pressure against retaining wall in the case of constrained “narrow” backfill is considered highly important and of a great interested in the Geotechnical engineering. In the present study, the study of retaining wall in the case of constrained “narrow” backfill is investigated. Theoretical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of constrained “narrow” backfill on soil pressure at different backfill widths. The analysis was carried out using the Plaxis software program. Two types of retaining walls have been used in the investigation (RC and Masonry walls). In addition, the angle of constrained rock slope ranged between (β=60^o, 70^o, 80^o and 90^o) at different angles of internal friction. The obtained results were compared with the Rankine theory and arching theory. It was concluded that, the lateral earth pressure increases with increasing the constrained (narrow) backfill width and decreases with increasing the angle of rock slope. However, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure increases with increasing the constrained (narrow) backfill width and increasing with increasing width to height ratio of the wall. In addition, the lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) increases with decreasing soil friction angle (Ø) and decreases with increasing angle of rock slope (β). The lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) for masonry wall is higher than for RC wall. However, the value of the coefficient of active earth pressures (K) is found to be 0.65 to 0.85 of Rankine coefficients (K_r). In addition, the failure surface consists of a log spiral portion with a pole above the wall top and its tangent inclined with different angles to the horizontal surface. Moreover, the log spiral portion originates from the wall base with different tangent angles. In addition, the tangent of the log spiral portion that inclined with different angels to the horizontal surface depends on the soil friction angle (Ø) and angle of rock slope (β). However, the obtained results show fair agreement with the available solutions.

[Elsamny M. Kassem and Abd EL Samee W. Nashaat. Numerical Modeling of Earth Retaining Walls Constructed in Limited Spaces. Life Sci J 2018;16(1):10-24]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj160118.02.

Keywords: Retaining wall, Backfill, narrow, constrained, slope angle, rock, failure mechanism

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Impact of fish waters, composted chicken manure water on Galling and Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita Infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions

El- Deeb, A.M, M.A. Hendawy, El-Ashry, R.M.; and Abd El-Aal, E.M.

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt

debo2012@yandex.ru

Abstract: A laboratory tests carried out to evaluate nematicidal activities of three fish waters (adult tilapia, fry tilapia and fry mullet) on IJs and egg masses of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions. After two weeks of exposure, fry tilapia water significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more effect one with egg hatching inhibition 24.30% followed by big tilapia water with 19.28% while, fry mullet was less toxic to egg masses of M. incognita. On the other hand, mortality percentages reached to 84.67, 66.00 and 62.67 with fry tilapia fish, big tilapia fish and fry mullet, respectively after two weeks. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the nematicidal activity of fry tilapia fish water alone or combined with composted chicken manure water on galling and reproduction of M. incognita infecting tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. c.v. Super strain B) under greenhouse conditions. Pots irrigated with fry tilapia fish water significantly (P ≤ 0.05) minimized the root-gall numbers (125.67) with percentages of reduction (24.44%) as compared to positive control treatment irrigated with tap water and increased of shoot fresh weight of tomato plants (34.80%). Whereas, galls diameter (≥ 4 mm) decreased to reach 6.00 as compared with 20.00 in pots irrigated with tab water. Pots treated with fry tilapia fish water combined with soaked local chicken manure (local chicken manure water) showed least gall numbers and reproduction of root knot- nematode, M. incognita. Also, statistical analysis showed that fish water + composted local chicken manure water and fish water decreased galls diameter. Since number of galls (≥ 4 mm) decreased to reach 6.00 and 0.00 with fish water and fish water + composted local chicken manure water, respectively as compared with 20.00 in pots irrigated with tab water. Regarding the efficiency of the treated materials on egg masses, results clearly showed that fish water + composted local chicken manure water achieved the highest percentage of reduction in egg masses (68.64%). On the other hand, use fish water alone or fish water + local chicken manure water significantly increase root weight of tomato plants. Percentages of increase in root weight for treated waters were 50.37 and 35.00 % with fish water + local chicken manure water and fish water only, respectively. Also, percentage increase in shoot fresh weight in treatment of fish water + composted local chicken manure water was 77.46% as compared with 34.80% in fish water.

[El- Deeb, A.M, M.A. Hendawy, El-Ashry, R.M.; and Abd El-Aal, E.M. Impact of fish waters, composted chicken manure water on Galling and Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita Infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):25-32]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.03.

Keywords: Control, Meloidogyne incognita, fish water, chicken manure, tomato

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4

[Life Sci J 2019;16(1):33-42]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4.

withdrawn

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Maternal and Fetal Outcomes after Oxytocin and oral Propranolol for augmentation of labor

Madeha Mohammed Hanafy ¹, Fayza Ahmed Abdel-Hakam ² and Marwa El-Taher Mohammed ³

¹ professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

³ Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Abo-Hammad Central Hospital, Egypt

E mail: drfaizafouad@icloud.com

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the progress of labor by administration of oral Propranolol and Oxytocin during active phase of labor and to detect effect of oral Propranolol on labor outcomes. Patients and Methods: 120 females were classified into 3 groups according to drug used for intervention during active phase of labor (>4 cm cervical dilatation): Group I: 40 patient administered Oxytocin (5 IU infusion) and 20 mg oral Propranolol. Group II: 40 patient administered 20mg oral Propranolol Group III: 40 patient administered Oxytocin (5 IU infusion). Results: There is a highly significant difference between the studied groups regarding duration of active phase of labor, 2nd with pvalue (0.001-0.004) respectively. There is no significant difference between the studied groups regarding 3rd stages of labor (p < 0.05). There is no significant difference in CTG outcome with p value (0.058) and maternal general condition and complication as well as mode of delivery (p < 0. 5). There is no significant difference between the studied groups regarding Apgar score at 1st and 5min (P>0.05-0.06) respectively and neonatal admission to NICU with p value (0.089). Conclusion: It was found in the current study that administration of oral Propranolol together with Oxytocin during early active phase of labor is effective method in shortening the labor interval but Propranolol alone not shorten it as Oxytocin alone, so combination is better. Using oral Propranolol decreases rate of cesarean section but it is statically non-significant. No considerable side effects neither to the mother nor to her newborn has been recorded during the study.

[Madeha Mohammed Hanafy, Fayza Ahmed Abdel-Hakam and Marwa El-Taher Mohammed. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes after Oxytocin and oral Propranolol for augmentation of labor. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):43-48]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.05.

Keywords; Labor, augmentation, oxytocine, propranolol

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Solubility Enhancement of Gliclazide via Co-crystallization with Malonic Acid

Asim Y. Ibrahim*¹, Yasser El-Malah¹, Mohamed A.S. Abourehab^1,2, Hibah Aldawsari³

^1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

^2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

^3. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy,  King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia    

                                                           aymohammed@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract: In recent years, a number of studies have focused on the preparation of molecular co-crystals. Within crystal engineering of molecular solids assembly may principally be through hydrogen–bonding interactions, as documented by numerous papers on hydrogen bonded crystal engineering strategies. Our recent study has focused on the synthesis, the solid-state characterization and the solubility study of gliclazide/ malonic acid co-crystal. The co-crystallization has been performed using co-precipitation techniques. The solid-state characterization of the co-crystals has been carried out using XRPD, DSC, FTIR, NMR and SEM. The XPRD results of the co-precipitated mixture of gliclazide with malonic acid at ratio (1:1) showed that new peaks at 2θ = 28.6, 29.0, 38.63 and 48.11 were observed. The DSC results showed that the co-precipitated mixture shows an endothermic peak at 164.5 °C, different to those of starting materials. The SEM micrograph of the co-precipitated mixture was also different from that of the physical mixture. These results indicated that gliclazide might have formed a co-crystal with malonic acid. The solubility data clearly show that the solubility profile of the co-crystals was higher than that of the pure compound or the physical mixture.

[Asim Y. Ibrahim, Yasser El-Malah, Mohamed A.S. Abourehab, Hibah Aldawsari. Solubility Enhancement of Gliclazide via Co-crystallization with Malonic Acid. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):49-53]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.06.

Keywords: Co-crystals, gliclazide, malonic acid, XPRD, DSC, IR, SEM, solubility

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Repeated Exposure To 650 Nm Diode Laser Induced Congenital Malformations In Chick Embryos. A Morphological Study.

Fatma Al-Qudsi ⁽¹⁾, Amnah Al-Beladi ⁽²⁾

^(1,2) Biology Department, Science Faculty, King Abdulaziz University.

⁽¹⁾ falqudsi@kau.edu.sa P.O. Box 42650 Jeddah 21551 Saudi Arabia

⁽²⁾ Smo_1990@hotmail.com P.O. Box 8955 Jeddah 22365 Saudi arabia

Abstract: The widespread use of diode laser devices has increased the concern about its potential effects on the human body and embryo development. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of diode laser on chick embryo development. Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups: control, treated and sham. Treated embryos were exposed to diode laser 650nm three times a day five days a week for one minute each time. Embryos were extracted on day 7, 10 and 14 of incubation. Incidence of congenital malformations increased in treated embryos compared to the sham and control groups of all experimental ages. The congenital malformations seen were growth retardation, subcutaneous bleeding, limb malformation, abdominal hernia, beak malformations and decreased feather formation around the body. It was concluded that diode laser at 650nm caused congenital malformations in chick embryos.

[Al-Qudsi F, Albeladi A. Repeated Exposure To 650 Nm Diode Laser Induced Congenital Malformations In Chick Embryos. A Morphological Study. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):54-62]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.07.

Keywords: Chick embryo; Diode laser; Teratogen; Growth retardation; morphology; morphometry

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Protective Effect of Baobab Fruit Pulp (Adansonia digitata L.) from Oxidative Stress Induced in Rats by High-Fat Diet

Sami A. Althwab¹, Sulaiman M. Alsattame¹, Tariq I. Al-mundarij², Essam M. Hamad¹ and Hassan M. Mousa¹

¹Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, ²Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 6622 -Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Telephone:00966503935635; E-mail: hasmousa@hotmail.com

Abstract: High dietary fat intake associates with abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. As traditional remedies for these conditions medicinal plants used. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp extract on oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet (HFD). Male adult Wistar rats fed on HFD, normal laboratory diet or HFD supplemented with Baobab (Adansonia digitata). Three groups of rats fed with HFD supplemented with extracts with concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0%) in drinking water. Upon characterization of Baobab fruit pulp found rich in total phenols (48.10 mg /g), total flavonoids (42.7 mg/g), and vitamin C (67.3mg/100g). The scavenging activity of lipid peroxides was 96.36%. Feeding rats in HFD for nine weeks resulted in a significant (P <0.05) increase body weight (93.0%). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, MDA also increased (p<0.05) while, HDL level showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease. Glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity in serum also reduced. Liver homogenate analysis showed significant increase in triglycerides (p< 0.05). Alteration in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) also found. Supplementation of extract resulted in variable restoration of the above-mentioned parameters to their normal values. The restoration was a dose-dependent effect. The best improvement in studied parameters achieved with the 10% baobab extract supplementation. In nutshell, the fruit pulp of Baobab is a rich source of phytochemicals (e.g. total phenols, total flavonoids, and Vitamin C). Those phytochemicals managed to overcome the deleterious effects of HFD.

[Althwab SA, Alsattame M, Al-mundarij TI, Hamad EM, Mousa HM. Protective Effect of Baobab Fruit Pulp (Adansonia digitata L.) from Oxidative Stress Induced in Rats by High-Fat Diet. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):63-71]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.08.

Keywords: Adansonia digitata, oxidative stress, HFD, Hyperlipidemia, Vitamin C.

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Microhabitats Preference of Cichlidogyrus berrebii, C. kothiasi and C. pouyaudi (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) on the Gills of Tylochromis jentinki from Ebrié Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire

Blahoua Kassi Georges, Adou Yedehi Euphrasie, Etilé Raphaël N’Doua, N’Douba Valentin

Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, 22 P.O. Box 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding author: e mail: kassiblahoua@yahoo.fr; Tel: +225 09856307/ 04602531

Abstract: Background Objectives: The microhabitat preference of the three congeneric monogenean species Cichlidogyrus berrebii Pariselle & Euzet, 1994, C. kothiasi Pariselle & Euzet, 1994 and C. pouyaudi Pariselle & Euzet, 1994 on the gills of Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1894) was conducted. Methods: Eighty-seven specimens were sampled from February 2016 to January 2017. After fish euthanasia, each gill arch was removed and examined to quantify the number of parasites and their distribution on the gills. Results: Results were analyzed with regard to: general occurrence, bispecific infections and monospecific infections of the parasites in the T. jentinki population. Both parasites have the same affinity for the both sides of the fish. Gill arches I, II, dorsal, medial segments, distal were preferred by C. berrebii, gill arches II, III, medial, ventral segment, distal part by C. kothiasi and gill arch II, dorsal segment distal part by C. pouyaudi. The coexistence of these three monogenean species on the same fish does not induce a change in their respective distribution. With such low parasite presence, the role of intraspecific or interspecific competition appears to have little influence on the distribution of monogeneans. However, these specific preferences might be influenced by the interaction of several factors such as differences in the water current over parts of the gill surface, parasite density, as well as ecological and morphological differences between monogenean species.

 [Blahoua Kassi Georges, Adou Yedehi Euphrasie, Etilé Raphaël N’Doua, N’Douba Valentin. Microhabitats Preference of Cichlidogyrus berrebii, C. kothiasi and C. pouyaudi (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) on the Gills of Tylochromis jentinki from Ebrié Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):72-78]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.09.

Key words: Monogenea, microhabitat, Tylochromis jentinki, Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire.

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Threat status of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth. an important medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya

Bilal A Tali*, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Irshad A Nawchoo, Aijaz A Wani and Aabid M Rather

Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J & K. India

*Email: bilalsapku@gmail.com

Abstract: Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth. is an important medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya. Traditionally the species is used to treat various diseases in Kashmir valley. During the present study the threat status of the species have been evaluated in accordance with IUCN Regional Guidelines 2003 version 3.0 following IUCN categories and Criteria 2010 version 8.1. The present investigation revealed that the total number of sub-populations in Kashmir valley is 42 and the mature individuals are 30850. The calculated Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy of the species turned out to be 583km² and 336km² respectively. The date revealed that the plant species is Least Concern in Kashmir valley. Although the species is subjected to various threat factors like construction of roads and buildings, landslides, exploitation for local use etc. but the overall impact of these threats is very low.

[Bilal A Tali, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Irshad A Nawchoo, Aijaz A Wani and Aabid M Rather. Threat status of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth. an important medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):79-84]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.10.

Key words: traditional, IUCN, regional guidelines, sub-population, Extend of Occurrence, Area of Occupancy, Least Concern

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[Life Sci J 2019;16(1):85-91]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11.

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Comparative Analysis of Classifier Performance on MR Brain Images

Akila¹, Uma Maheswari²

¹Research Scholar, Anna University of Technology, India, akil31a@yahoo.co.in

²Info Institute of Engineering, India, umam2013@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: This paper aims to reveal a comparative analysis of classifier performance of MR brain images, particularly for the brain tumor detection and classification. The detection of brain tumor stands in need of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The moment invariant feature extraction has been evaluated to categorize the MRI Slices as Normal, Benign and Malignant by Neural Network Classifier. In our comparative study, we examine the precision rate of aforementioned classification with extracted features and the classification of brain images with selected features by association rule based neural network classifier. The results are then analyzed with Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and compared to illustrate the method producing higher accuracy rate in tumor recognition. Factually, our analysis proves that the classifier works below feature extraction followed by rule pruning method affords better accuracy rate.

[Akila, Uma Maheswari. Comparative Analysis of Classifier Performance on MR Brain Images. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):92-100]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.12.

Keywords: Brain tumor, MRI, Feature Extraction, Classification, Binary Association Rule, Pruning.

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Coordinative Abilities and Its Relationship with Performing Counterattack Variations in Junior Epee Fencers

Dr. Salman Hussain Hajji Mohammad

Associate Professor – Faculty of Basic Education – Department of Physical Education and Sport – General Organization for Applied Education and Training. Salman-hajji@hotmail.com

Abstract: The current research aims to identify coordinative abilities affecting the performance level of some counterattack variations and contribution percentages of coordinative abilities in the performance level of some counterattack variations (counterattack with retreat – counterattack on preparation – attack on attack) in junior epee fencers. The researcher used the descriptive approach. Research community included all junior epee fencers less than 20 years in Al-Qadeseia sports club. Participants (n=72) were purposefully chosen to represents five age groups (each group represents 2-3 years). In addition, another (20) fencers were recruited for the pilot sample. Results indicated statistically significant correlations between coordinative abilities and counterattack skills. Contribution percentages of coordinative abilities in counterattack skills were calculated.

[Salman Hussain Hajji Mohammad. Coordinative Abilities and Its Relationship with Performing Counterattack Variations in Junior Epee Fencers. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):101-110]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.13.

Key Words: Coordinative Abilities – Counterattack – Fencing

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Effects of Eight Weeks Aquatic-Non-aquatic Training program on Aerobic Fitness and Physical preparation in junior Basketball Player

Taghread Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed, Heba Ali Ibrahim Seleem and Ghada Mohamed Youssef Elsayed

Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA.

taelsayed@iau.edu.sa

Abstract: This study aims to determine whether aquatic training and Non-aquatic training can improve aerobic fitness, and physical preparation in younger basketball player. Eighteen basketball players (age=17.49±0.53 years, body mass=67.37±1.17 kg, height=179.30±1.46 cm, sport experience=3.40±0.36 years) participate in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to aquatic training group (AQT n=9) or Non-aquatic training group (NQT n=9) to perform eight weeks of aquatic-Non-aquatic exercise twice weekly for 45 min, both in addition to traditional preseason basketball training. The exercises included power skips, spike approaches, single- and double-leg bounding, continuous jumping for height, squat jumps with blocking form, and depth jumps. Basketball players were assessed before and after eight-week training period on VO2max, 20 m sprint, vertical jump, set and reach flexibility, 1RM leg press and curl-up, agility T-test. The results showed that the two groups made significantly improvements in all variables but the (AQT) made significantly improvements greater than (NQT). We conclude that the aquatic exercises resulted in larger improvements in aerobic fitness, VJ, sprint, flexibility, agility, strength and endurance than in the NQT group.

[Taghread Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed, Heba Ali Ibrahim Seleem and Ghada Mohamed Youssef Elsayed. Effects of Eight Weeks Aquatic-Non-aquatic Training program on Aerobic Fitness and Physical preparation in junior Basketball Player. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):111-118]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.14.

Keywords: Agility, Flexibility, Maximum strength, Vertical jump, VO2max.

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The Effect of Collagen (Kaatsu) Training on the Mechanical Pin of Elbow Joint and Its Relation to Pain Level

Dr. Ahmed Abdulrahman Mohamed Ali Al Sherif

Faculty of Sport Education, Al Arish University, Egypt

elshreefr@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim of the study is to determine the effect of collagen plus kaarsu training on elbow joint pain, Range of motion, strength of the muscles around the joint, arm and forearm circumference, together with potassium level the researchers used the experimental method of pre-post assessment of one group, (7) injured athletes were the sample of the study, entered in Alyaseen clinic in Cairo, for treatment of elbow joint, their age between 20 -30 years, they were subjected to a collagen (kaatsu) training, to determine its effect on the variables tested before and after the proposed program. The results indicated a positive results after the proposed program and decreased elbow join pin, increase range of motion and strength of the measles around the elbow join together with decrease potassium at may be concluded that the proposed rehabilition program induced a positive effect upon injured elbow joint athletes and help in the rapid return to the play field.

[Ahmed Abdulrahman Mohamed Ali Al Sherif. The Effect of Collagen (Kaatsu) Training on the Mechanical Pin of Elbow Joint and Its Relation to Pain Level. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):119-126]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.15.

Keywords: collagen (kaatsu) training, Mechanical pain, elbow joint injury, potassium

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Effects of Experimentally Induced Hyperthyroidism on Rat Tongue Mucosa: Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Gihan S Hassan and Dalia H Zahran

Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

gehan.hassan@dent.tanta.edu.eg, dalia.zahran@dent.tanta.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Hyperthyroidism has been associated with a variety of abnormalities in different tissues of the body. There are limited data for the effect of hyperthyroidism on the histological and ultrastructure of tongue mucosa. Aim: To focus on the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructure changes of tongue mucosa as a consequence of experimentally induced hyperthyroidism. Material and Methods: Rats were divided into two equal groups; the control and hyperthyroid group. Thyroxin was administered to hyperthyroid group orally at a dose of 100 μg/kg for three weeks. Rats’ tongue was processed for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural assessment. Results: The tongue epithelium demonstrated histological changes such as detachment of keratin layer, irregular and distorted tongue papillae in some areas. The basal cell layer showed loss of polarization and sporadic apoptotic nuclei. The nuclei of spinous cells exhibited chromatin margination imparting “Orphan-Annie” appearance. The granular cells layer appeared to be enlarged with washed-out cytoplasm mimicking hydropic degeneration. Caspase-3 expression in the tongue epithelium of hyperthyroid group was increased. Ultrastructurally, there were marked alterations of the cellular components, nuclei and cell junctions. Disrupted desmosomes, irregular nuclei, chromatin margination of basal cells, fragmented nuclei of the spinous cells and decreased aggregation of tonofilaments and keratohyaline granules of the granular cells were particularly detected. Conclusion: Experimental hyperthyroidism induced several degenerative changes of tongue mucous membrane and the taste buds in rats.

[Gihan S Hassan and Dalia H Zahran. Effects of Experimentally Induced Hyperthyroidism on Rat Tongue Mucosa: Histological and Ultrastructural Study. Life Sci J 2019;16(1):127-134]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj160119.16.

Keywords: Caspase-3, Histology, Hyperthyroidism, TEM, Tongue.

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