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Anti -fibrogentic and hepatoprotective potential of methanolic olive extract on cadmium induced toxicity in rats

Gadah Ibrahim Al-Basher

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia

e-mail: galbeshr@gmail.com; galbeshr2@gmail.com

Abstract: Cadmium considers one of non-essential toxic heavy metals which affects biological tissues and produces major pathological disorders. Thus, in this study, metanolic extract of olive leaf was analyzed for antioxidant activity, antifibrotic, and hepatoprotective activity against cadmium toxicity inducing liver cell fibrosis in rats. Male wistar rats were classified into four equal groups of ten rats each; group I (control), group II (Cd- treated), group III (OLE + Cd), group IV (vit E + Cd). Cd, OLE, and vitamin E in a doses of 5.6 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw for both OLE and vit. E were administrated orally for six weeks. Hepatic, oxidative, and fibrogentic biomarkers as well as cadmium traces were estimated in blood and liver tissues following six weeks of treatments. Also, OLE active constituents were estimated using HPLC and colorimetric assays. Compared to Cd- intoxicated rats, hepatic and oxidative biomarkers; AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, MDA, and TAC were significantly improved following administration of OLE and vitamin E in doses of 300 mg/kg bw. In addition, the expression of HYP as measures of fibrogenesis and collagen synthesis showed significant reduction in OLE and vit E treated rats in comparison with Cd-treated rats. The data of HYP were positively correlated with hepatic biomarkers, fibrosis scores, and negatively with MDA and TAC. The antifibrotic and antioxidant property of OLE were significantly related to its phenolic contents especially oleuropein. Cd induces marked oxidative stress and multiple liver cell damage via initiation of oxidative stress and fibrogensis mechanisms and finally liver cell fibrosis. Treatment strategies with olive leaf extracts or vitamin E significantly reduce free radical oxidative stress damage, fibrogenesis of liver cells and finally may help in reversing liver fibrosis. Thus, Olive as dietary supplements could be a promising anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective agent especially in the highly Cd-polluted environment.

[Al-Basher G. Anti -fibrogentic and hepatoprotective potential of methanolic olive extract on cadmium induced toxicity in rats. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):1-11]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.01.

Key words: Cadmium toxicity, olive leaf extracts, Oleuropein, fibrosis, hydroxyproline

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Review on Important Yeast Genes Used for Yeast Genetics Study

Zerihun Fikru¹, Solomon Lulie²

¹University of Gondar College of Medicine and health science, Department of public health, Gondar

²University of Gondar College of Veterinary Medicine and animal science, Department of Micro biology, Gondar, Ethiopia P.O Box: 196

Telephone: +251-912-495652; E-mail: zerihunfikru@gmail.com

Abstract: Yeasts are unicellular fungi taxonomical classifications under the phylum Ascomycetes, class Hemiascomycetes. S. cerevisiae has been the model system for much of molecular genetic research because the basic cellular mechanics of replication, recombination, cell division and metabolism are generally conserved between yeast and larger eukaryotes, including mammals. S. cerevisiae contains a haploid set of 16 well-characterized chromosomes, ranging in size from 200 to 2,200 kb. The total sequence of chromosomal DNA, constituting 12,052 kb. A total of 6,183 open-readingframes (ORF) of over 100 amino acids long were reported, and approximately 5,800 of them were predicated to correspond to actual protein-coding genes. Several genes and promoters are commonly employed for genetic manipulations and studies with yeast. Some of these genes have special properties, whereas others were originally choosen arbitarily and are conveniently available in strains and plasmids. Several of the genes most commonly used for a variety of purposes. Some of important genes used for genetics studies are URA3 and LYS2 yeast genes, ADE1 and ADE2 yeast genes, GAL1 Promoter, RAD54 and RAD51 genes, lacZ and Other Reporters. There are three genetic techniques to isolate and characterize unknown mutations in S. cerevisiae. These techniques are molecular cloning, genetic complementation, and tetrad dissection.

[Zerihun Fikru, Solomon Lulie. Review On Important Yeast Genes Used For Yeast Genetics Study. life sci j 2018;15(7):12-17]. issn: 1097-8135 (print) / issn: 2372-613x (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.02.

Keywords: Review; Important; Yeast; Gene; Genetics; Study

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Lifestyle and Nutrition and their Impact on Health of Saudi School Students Living Abroad in Newcastle, UK

Noha M. Almoraie

Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia. nalmorie@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Moving to live in new location, new food habit should be adapted, children and adolescence develop healthy behaviours and attitudes particularly from age 6 to 17, so this study investigates the effect of lifestyle and nutrition and the impact on health among Saudi school students living in Newcastle, UK. Inclusion criteria included both male and female students who attend Saudi school in Newcastle upon Tyne. A designed questionnaire was used to collect data regarding lifestyle practices and dietary habits. Weight, height, and body mass index were obtained. Breakfast was a daily meal for 92% of primary school students compared to 77% of secondary school students. Milk was consumed daily by 43% of the sample. Diets were rich in carbohydrates; fast food consumption was high (2.2 ±1.2 times/week). Physical exercise was practiced significantly between grades. Sleeping hours during school days were adequate (8.3 ±2.1 hours/day), but lower (8.2 ±1.7 hours/day) during vacation. Underweight with 44% and overweight with 8% were prevalent. There were significant differences between males and females in height, weight and BMI (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings support our argument that the dietary changes observed among the Saudi students living in Newcastle were the result, at least in part, of rapid dietary acculturation related to their temporary translocation. It is important to help Saudi students and their families retain healthful food habits from their original country and to encourage them to choose eating patterns of the new culture that are nutritionally sound.
[Almoraie N. Lifestyle and Nutrition and their Impact on Health of Saudi School Students Living Abroad in Newcastle, UK. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):18-24]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.03.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Lifestyle, Nutrition, Living Abroad

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Distribution of Osteopontin in Normal Dog Periodontium (Immunohistochemical Study)

Olfat M. Gaballh, Mona A. Abd-Elmotelb, Reda G. Saleh

Abstract: Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt
mon_assem@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: The periodontium is a term describing tooth supporting and investing tissues. It includes gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum. This has been always threatened by periodontal diseases which results in its destruction. In order to understand how periodontium responds or how to enforce it against that destruction, its own factors, proteins and cells should be revealed. Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular structural protein, and expressed in a variety of tissues including the tooth periodontium. Also it is involved in many vital biological processes such as inflammation, immunity and wound healing expressed. Aim of study: to explore OPN expression in normal dog periodontium. Methods: OPN rabbit polyclonal primary antibody was used to detect its expression in various tissues of the dog pre molar periodontium. Results: OPN was expressed in all tissues of the dog pre molar periodontium differently. It was intense at gingival tissue and periodontal ligaments (PDL). Intense to moderate expression was detected in alveolar bone. But cementum had weak expression. Conclusion: Periodontium undergoes constant physiological remodeling. This remodeling differs among different parts of the periodontium. Accordingly, OPN expression in each part of the periodontium was different.
[Olfat M. Gaballh, Mona A. Abd-Elmotelb, Reda G. Saleh. Distribution of Osteopontin in Normal Dog Periodontium (Immunohistochemical Study). Life Sci J 2018;15(7):25-31]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.04.

Key words: Osteopontin, Periodontium, Periodontal regeneration, dog

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Effects of MC-LR exposure on inflammation factors and apoptosis-related proteins in small intestine of mice

Jinxia Wu, Hui Huang, Rui Wang, Yuke Li, Haohao Liu, Le Yuan, Yueqin Wang, Xinde Du, Donggang Zhuang, Xuemin Cheng, Huizhen Zhang＊

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
Huizhen18@126.com

Abstract: Microcystin-LR, a monocyclic hepatotoxin can enter body via various routes such as skin contact, medical water, drinking water contaminated by MC-LR, eating MC-LR-contaminated aquatic products and uptake of crops that are irrigated by MC-LR-contaminated water. MC-LR can cause multiple organ toxicity to the body and the small intestine too, depending on the intake of MC-LR. The small intestine is the main digestive and absorptive organ, and the damage to the small intestine induced by MC-LR can pose a serious threat to human health. To observe the pathological damage and inflammatory reactions in the small intestine induced by MC-LR, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal injected with 12.5 and 25 μg/kg MC-LR for 14 days. Results showed that there were no obvious pathological lesions observed in control groups. However, MC-LR induced dose-dependent pathological lesions to small intestine and no differences between male and female mice. MC-LR can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) with no obvious effect on anti-inflammatory factors TGF-β. Moreover, MC-LR can also promote the expression of bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in small intestine with exposure to MC-LR. Those results showed that MC-LR can induce the pathological damage in the small intestine and cause changes in the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related proteins. Our findings provide a foundation for exploring the potential mechanisms of intestinal damage MC-LR-induced.
[Wu JX, Huang H, Wang R, Li YK, Liu HH, Yuan L, Wang YQ, Du XD, Zhuang DG, Cheng XM, Zhang HZ. Effects of MC-LR exposure on inflammation factors and apoptosis-related proteins in small intestine of mice. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):32-36]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.05.

Keywords: Microcystin-LR; Intestine; Inflammation; Cytokines; Apoptosis

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Evaluation the Efficacy of Combined Mixture of Spirulina Platensisand Cinnamon Extracts in Overweight Rats Fed on a Fatty Diet

Ghada Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

gana660@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: This existing work was planned to appraise the interactive effect of both spirulina platensis and cinnamon in ameliorating the oxidative damage and the body weight increaseelicited by high- fat diet (HFD) ingestion in rats with investigating their hypolipidemic activity. Methods: we utilized in this study seventy five albino ratsof male sex with body weight ranging between 130-150 g. They were randomly grouped into 5 equal setswith 15 animals in every one. All groups were fed on HFD (20 % fat) for 4 weeksto cause obesity and hyperlipidemia except the 1st one was kept as normal control. Group 2 (positive control) was remained obese without any treatments, despite groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally given S. Platensis (500 mg /kg b.wt), cinnamon aqueous extracts (400 mg/kg b.wt) and a combined mixture of S. Platensis and cinnamon extracts at the previous doses respectively after inducing hyperlipidemia for another 4 weeks. With ending ofthis experiment, serum lipid profile, antioxidant and histopathological tests were performed with recording body weight gain. Results: Treating of obese rats with individual and combined doses of spirulina and cinnamon extracts showed a considerable decrease in the serumtriglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, VLDL and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration with an elevation in the serum HDL level, tissue catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in comparison to obese group ( positive control), Also improved data was recorded in the body weight and histopathological picture. Furthermore, our results declared that the combined group of both plant and algae exhibited better effects comparing to the separated one. Conclusion: Co-administration of S. Platensis with cinnamon exerted more potent effects against hyperlipidemia and oxidative hazards in obese rats than each one separately, that may be a future aid tool for developing a novel challenge against obesity impacts.

[Ghada Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman. Evaluation the Efficacy of Combined Mixture of Spirulina Platensisand Cinnamon Extracts in Overweight Rats Fed on a Fatty Diet. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):37-46]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.06.

Keywords: Obesity, Spirulina platensis, High-fat diet, Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic activity, lipid profile

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Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Flexible Piles in Soft Clay

Azza Hassan Moubarak¹; Kamal Mohamed Hafez²andKarem Farouk Ibraheem³

¹Assistant Professor of Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

²Professor of Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

³Suez Canal Research Center, Suez Canal Authority, Ismailia, Egypt

azza_moubarak@eng.suez.edu.eg

Abstract: Behaviour of laterally loaded pile (LLP) requires accurate description for nonlinear performance of interaction between pile and the supporting soil. The encountered soil at East of Port-Said region is soft clay and extends down to more than fifty meters. In this study, available soil reports are reinterpreted to evaluate the required soil parameters. Concrete piles with different diameters are studied. Broms method is utilized to evaluate the ultimate lateral load (P_U) and maximum lateral ground deflection (y_gmax.). Comparative study between different methods such as P-y method, non-dimension method (NDM) and finite element method (FEM) using Hardening Soil Model (HSM undrained) is accomplished to obtain LLP capacity. The results showed that PU (Broms method) used at this study as reference load to compare between other methodsequals about485D²(kN),the average maximum bending moment for all methods equals about 1364D^2.91(kN.m) at ultimate load. The ultimate value (P_U) of the lateral load reached at the maximum lateral deflection (y_gmax) isabout 7.5% of the pile diameter. Considering creep, the increase in percentage of (y_gmax) due to long term condition compared with short term ranges from 188% to 273% while the increase in percentage in maximum B.M. ranges from 31% to 57% according to pile diameter. Presence of pile cap relative to free head pilehave a significant effect inreducing the maximum lateral deflection by about 38% and reducing the maximum bending moment by 41.75%.

[Azza Hassan Moubarak; Kamal Mohamed Hafez and Karem Farouk Ibraheem. Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Flexible Piles in Soft Clay. Life Sci J2018;15(7):47-58]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) /ISSN: 2372-613X (Online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.07.

Keywords: Laterally loaded pile;Soft clay; Creep;Finite element method; Hardening soil model; Soft soil creep model

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Inquiry/Hands-on Based Learning and Its Effect on Adolescents Mastery Motivation in Chemistry Classrooms

Hanan S. Mogawer

Brown University, USA

hanan_mogawer@alumni.brown.edu

Abstract: Many researchers have investigated ways to spark high school chemistry students’ interests. Inquiry-based learning was studied to determine its effect on adolescents reaching mastery motivation stage where they are not focusing on winning, but on the achievement outcome. The studies have also showed great impact of these activities on adolescents’ self-efficacy. Despite the effectiveness of inquiry-based learning, there are some drawbacks that were highlighted by the authors, it can be unaffordable, time consuming, and unappealing for some experienced teachers. These drawbacks can be resolved by using simple and affordable materials, modifying the activities to fit within the class period and offering more time for teachers to explore the topic and to get training before implementing inquiry-based activities. To validate the effectiveness of these activities on adolescents’ reaching mastery motivation and self-efficacy, more research is needed to include multiple schools locations with diverse populations among students and teachers. Furthermore, researchers from different ethnicity and background are needed in these types of research to avoid biases.

[Hanan S. Mogawer. Inquiry/Hands-on Based Learning and Its Effect on Adolescents Mastery Motivation in Chemistry Classrooms. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):59-63]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.08.

Keywords: Adolescents mastery motivation, Inquiry-Based Learning, Chemistry Classrooms, Self-Efficacy

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Nanotechnology: A Triumphant Leap in Health Care and Medicine

Kamran Shehzad Bajwa^1*, Muhammad Azam Ali¹, Anwar Tahir², Haleema Abbas², Haseeb Ahmad², Laiba Abid Rana², Musab Bin Umair², Winza Rubab²

¹Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

²Department of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

kamran.shehzad@cemb.edu.pk

Abstract: Nanotechnology is the study of extremely small structures, having size of 0.1 to 100 nm. Nano medicine is a relatively new field of science and technology. Brief explanation of various types of pharmaceutical nano systems is given. Nanotechnology with its entry in the field of biology medicine and health care has revolutionized this field and how we used to think about treating them. Application of Nanotechnology in various fields such as health and medicine, drug delivery, protein and peptide delivery and cancer treatment are future aspects of use of nanotechnology in medicine. The advancement in nanotechnology helps in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, early diagnosis, implants with improved properties are anticipated. The following review give an insight about the use of nano-biotechnology in drug delivery and notorious disease treatment.

[Kamran Shehzad Bajwa, Muhammad Azam Ali, Anwar Tahir, Haleema Abbas, Haseeb Ahmad, Laiba Abid Rana, Musab Bin Umair, Winza Rubab. Nanotechnology: A Triumphant Leap in Health Care and Medicine. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):64-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.09.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Drug delivery, Nano particles, Nano medicine

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Utilization of Nano-Silica to improve properties of BOF Slag- Cement

Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Nilforoushan, Sasan Otroj

Faculty of Engineering, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.

h_seyedvahid@yahoo.com

Abstract: Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag is a by-product of the pig iron refining. This paper presents an experimental study on the utilization of nano-silica to improve the setting properties and mechanical strength of pastes and mortars, made from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by addition of BOF slag. For this reason, some mixtures including different amounts of BOF slag with/without nano-silica were prepared. Initial and final setting times of fresh pastes and compressive and flexural strengths of 3, 7, 28 and 90 days of age hardened mortars were measured. The results have indicated that addition of nano-silica reduces setting time of the pastes and increases mechanical strength of mortars containing large amounts of BOF slag. Microstructural and mineralogical evaluations of hydrated products revealed nano-silica reacts with Ca (OH)2 through a pozzolanic reaction and then, the amount of C–S–H increases. So, this leads to a higher densification of the matrix, which improves the strength and durability of cementitious mixtures containing BOF slag.

[Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Nilforoushan, Sasan Otroj. Utilization of Nano-Silica to improve properties of BOF Slag- Cement. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):73-80]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.10.

Keywords: Nano-Silica, BOF Slag, Cement Mortars, Mechanical Strengths, Setting Time

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Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Inhalation of Entonox and Injection of Morphine Sulfate in Patients with Renal Colic

Hamid Kariman1, Alireza Majidi2, Sara Taheri3*, Hamid Reza Hatam Abadi4

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Science School. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran
2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Science School. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran
3 Hospital Management Research Center. Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran
Email: sara_taheri@yahoo.com
4 safty promotion and injury prevention research center. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran

Abstract: Analgesics used to relieve patients’ pain have their specific efficacy and side effects. Therefore, it is important to administer drugs with the maximum efficacy and minimum side effects. The present clinical trial was undertaken to compare analgesia induced by Entonox (nitrous oxide gas) and that brought about by injection of morphine sulfate in patients with renal colic. A total of 100 patients, with an age range of 20‒50 years, who had presented with renal colic, were randomly divided into two groups: one group received Entonox with diclofenac suppository and the other group received morphine sulfate injection with diclofenac suppository. Two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. The frequencies of pain persistence (at least 50%) at 3-, 5-, 10- and 30-minute intervals in the morphine group were 96%, 80%, 50% and 8%, respectively; these frequencies in the Entonox group were 82%, 42%, 12% and 2%, respectively (P<0.0001). Cox regression modeling showed that use of Entonox was the only effective agent in the success of treatment, compared to the use of morphine, i.e. use of Entonox increased the success of treatment up to 2.1 folds compared to the use of morphine (P=0.006; 95% CI:1.2‒3.6; HR=2.1). The results of the present study showed that, compared to morphine, Entonox is an effective drug in relieving pain in patients with renal colic. It acts more rapidly and is more potent in relieving renal colic.
[Hamid Kariman, Alireza Majidi, Sara Taheri, Hamid Reza Hatam Abadi. Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Inhalation of Entonox and Injection of Morphine Sulfate in Patients with Renal Colic. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):81-86]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.11.

Key words: Renal colic, treatment, opioids, morphine, Entonox

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Noise Resilient QR code Zero-watermarking System in Contourlet-SVD and SVD Domains for Improved Teleradiology

¹ Velumani R and ² Seenivasagam V

¹Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti-India, 626115. Phone: +91 9865768480 Fax: +91 04566 308000

velumaniramesh@yahoo.com

²Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti-India, 628503.

Abstract: Patient authentication and protection of patient data are the major concerns in teleradiology environments. Clinical observations at referral sites can help the remote radiologist make thorough interpretations. Further, fidelity of the host images must be preserved for accurate readings. In this paper, we present a zero-watermarking scheme to resolve these issues. A Health Level 7 message comprising Patient I Dentification and Observation segments encoded as Quick Response code is taken to be a watermark. The system is implemented in the SVD and Contourlet-SVD domains employing the Hu’s invariants to achieve robustness. We analyze the performance of the system in both the domains exclusively under noise attacks and conclude that CT-SVD domain offers better robustness. Our experimental results show that lower order Hu’s moments are adequate to impart robustness in zero-watermarking systems. The paper also addresses the need to identify invariants resilient to noise for medical images with small regions of interest.

[ Velumani R and Seenivasagam V. Noise Resilient QR code Zero-watermarking System in Contourlet-SVD and SVD Domains for Improved Teleradiology. Life Sci J 2018;15(7):87-99]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj150718.12.

Keywords: zero-watermarking, Hu’s moments, Contourlet, SVD, QR code, HL 7, Teleradiology

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