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Zooplankton Diversity and their Relationship with Physico-Chemical Parameters of Song River, Dehradun

Anil Bisht¹, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman¹ and Sushil Bhadula²

¹Department of Zoology, Uttaranchal College of Biomedical Sciences and Hospital, Dehradun, India

²Department of Environmental Science, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, India

anill.bisht@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper is focused on zooplankton diversity and their correlation with physic-chemical parameters of Song River. Study was done from March, 2017 to March, 2018 in Song river of Doon Valley, District Dehradun. Monthly samples were taken for the identification of zooplankton and water quality analysis. During the present study Rotifera (30%) was most dominant group and shows positive correlation with dissolved oxygen and negative correlation with biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity and total solids. Protozoa (25%) and Cladocera (25%) and copepod constituted 20% of total zooplankton diversity. Various physic-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, bio-chemical demand were also analyzed. It was also observed that site-II i.e. Maldevta was slightly polluted as compared to Site-I i.e. Lacchiwala.

[Anil Bisht, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman and Sushil Bhadula. Zooplankton Diversity and their Relationship with Physico-Chemical Parameters of Song River, Dehradun. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):1-5]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.01.

Key words: Zooplankton, Song River, Physico-chemical analysis

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Effect of cycle length, pond size and cause of mortality on economics of fish farms and their relation to veterinary management

Samia Fawzy^1Ö, Atallah, S, T.², Shawky Mahmoud³and Mohamed, A. Helal¹

¹ Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

²Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

³Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

samiafawzy85@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to analyze economically the effect of some factors on fish farming in Kafrelsheikh governorate of Egypt in relation to veterinary management (drugs, disinfectants, and veterinary supervision). Data on (56) production cycles over a period of six years (2012-2017) were randomly collected from private earthen pond farms. The data were summarized and calculated for each 1000 fish. The results revealed that the net profit per 1000 fish was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the length of rearing cycle as it reached to 1126.90 LE for fish reared for 7-9 months and 803.26 LE in that kept for 4-6 months. Furthermore, the highest net profit (1177.10 L.E) was observed for the pond size of 2.5-4 feddan and 1703.00 L.E in farms that did not exposed to diseases. Also, the results showed that the maximum values of veterinary management (25.28, 28.94 and 27.43 L.E for each 1000 fish) were recorded for cycle length of 10-12 months, pond size of 5 feddan & more and farms exposed to Aeromonus infection respectively. It was concluded that rearing of fish for 7-9 months, using a pond size of 2.5-4 feddans and decreased mortality rate through prevention of diseases outbreaks are economically viable.

[Samia Fawzy, Atallah, S, T., Shawky Mahmoud and Mohamed, A. Helal. Effect of cycle length, pond size and cause of mortality on economics of fish farms and their relation to veterinary management. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):6-10]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.02.

Key-words: Kafrelsheikh, veterinary management, cycle length, pond size, cause of mortality.

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The relationship of ECG and the clinical manifestation in AIDS patients

Shifeng Li, Jihong Shen, Fangfang Zhang, Lin Zhang, Liantao Nie, Zhongjian Li

Department of electrocardiogram, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
13526590266@163.com

Abstract: Objective Find the relationship between ECG changes and clinical manifestation of AIDS by analyzing 489 AIDS patients. Methods Grouping the AIDS patients into fever group, respiratory infection group, diarrhea group, respiratory infection incorporate with diarrhea group or other clinical manifestation group by their clinical manifestation. Analyze the their ECG and the relationship between their ECG changes and clinical manifestation. Results ①Respiratory infection, diarrhea and fever are AIDS patient’s frequent clinical manifestation; ②Fever group, respiratory infection group and respiratory infection incorporate with diarrhea group have higher ECG fast arrhythmia incidence rate than other clinical manifestation group (P＜0.05); ③Respiratory infection group has higher ECG right atrial hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy incidence rate than fever group, diarrhea group and other clinical manifestation group. Respiratory infection incorporate with diarrhea group has higher ECG right atrial hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy incidence rate than fever group and other clinical manifestation group (P＜0.05). Conclusions The AIDS patients with respiratory infection have high fast arrhythmia incidence rate, high right atrial hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy incidence rate. And the right atrial hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy is caused by respiratory infection in AIDS patients.
[Shifeng Li, Jihong Shen, Fangfang Zhang, Lin Zhang, Liantao Nie, Zhongjian Li. The relationship of ECG and the clinical manifestation in AIDS patients. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):11-15]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.03.

Keywords: AIDS; Electrocardiogram; Clinical Manifestation

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The Effect of Magnetically treated Water on the Germination and Growth of a Local variety of millet Pennisetum glaucum

Abdulrahman Saeed Al-Hajar and Halimah Omar Al-Khallaf

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Kingdom Saudi Arabia

e-mail: halkhallaf@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The present study aimed to study the effect of magnetically-treated water on the germination and growth of (Pennisetum glaucum), which is rich in nutritional and medical terms in order to produce a good quality and quantity of this plant in the shortest possible time. Additionally, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers that will be reflected on the human being & environment health in general. The study was carried out using 15 cm high and 48.5 cm diameter plastic bottles filled with soil made of sand and Betemus mixture (2: 1), then millet seeds were planted and placed in a wire mesh under the normal conditions of Jeddah. The experiment was based on 4 harvesters, the first one after two weeks (for shoots), the second after 4 weeks (for vegetative growth), the third after 8 (for flowering) and the fourth after 12 (for fruiting). The parts were then divided into two main groups: the first was treated with magnetically treated water (MTW) and the second was irrigated with normal water (NW) at the field capacity. Some mineral elements, pH and electrical conductivity of the soil extract were estimated before and after planting. It was observed that some of the elements in the soil irrigated with treated water were higher than the normal irrigated ones. The measurements were made for the plant. The total height of the vegetative and it’s wet and dry weight and the depth of the root total wet and dry weight and size, measuring the area of the paper and others. The study also included biochemical measurements such as the estimation of chlorophyll A, B and carotenoids in addition to the estimation of some elements and starch estimation. The results showed that the use of magnetically treated water plays an important role in improving the properties of the soil, raising the quality of the plants and increasing the production of the plants.

[Abdulrahman Saeed Al-Hajar and Halimah Omar Al-Khallaf. The Effect of Magnetically treated Water on the Germination and Growth of a Local variety of millet Pennisetum glaucum. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):16-28]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.04.

Keywords: magnetically treated water, magnetized water, magnetized water, millet, pearl millet

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Pre-operative Carbohydrate Load and Early post-operative Feeding in Elective Colorectal Surgery, Does it matter?

Ramadan M Ali, Joseph Rizk I Awad, Fady Fayek, Ibrahim Ali Ismail Heggy and Mohammed Ragab Bayomi

General & Lap Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
ramadanali1977@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Pre-operative carbohydrate loading and early post-operative feeding as components of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) yields a better post-operative outcome in colo-rectal surgery. Aim of the work was to prove the benefits of preoperative carbohydrate loading and early post-operative feeding over the traditional protocol. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized comparative study included patients who presented to the Surgery Department of El-Maadi hospital needing colorectal operation ending with anastomosis not stoma within the period from July 2017 to February 2018. These patients were randomally divided into two groups with each had its management approach, ERAS protocol adopting group: 27 patients and traditional protocol adopting group: 27 patients. The procedure was explained to the patients, and they were consented as regard to the postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: Quilting technique significantly decrease the incidence of seroma (p=0.03); Total drain output in the first 7 days and the There were statistically significant difference between both groups in which application of ERAS protocal decreases the post-operative ICU stay (P = 0.0005). On the other hand, postoperative blood glucose level (P = 0.00002), showed significant lower level in the ERAS protocol adopting group whereas other complications as wound complications (P = 0.552), cardio-pulmonary complications, urinary tract infections and anastmotic leakage showed no statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Pre-operative carbohydrate loading and early post-operative feeding as components of ERAS have a remarkable improving effect on post-operatives outcomes and should be adopted in colo-rectal surgey as long as no contraindications for this protocol.
[Ramadan M Ali, Joseph Rizk I Awad, Fady Fayek, Ibrahim Ali Ismail Heggy and Mohammed Ragab Bayomi. Pre-operative Carbohydrate Load and Early post-operative Feeding in Elective Colorectal Surgery, Does it matter?. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):29-33]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.05.

Key words: colo-rectal surgery, enhanced recover after surgery (ERAS), carbohydrate loading, early post-operative feeding.

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Mechanical ventilation in stroke: outcome and prognostic factors

Dr. Mohammad Reza Ghaffari

Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

ghaffarimohammadreza14@yahoo.com

Abstract: In deciding whether to start, continue and terminate the mechanical ventilation. In ischemic cerebral-vascular accidents, due to the very serious prognosis, this disease is still considered to be an important clinical problem. Stroked patients under the mechanically ventilation, create a complex medical, ethical, economic, and medical examining problems for health care systems, health care teams and their relatives because of the very poor inherent prognosis of the disease and lack of definition of the prognostic factors. Determining the reasons of using mechanical ventilation, factors contributing in prognosis of mechanical ventilation and the outcome of ventilator contributing in stroke patients are among the primary objectives of this study. This work is a prospective descriptive study. We studied 55 patients who were hospitalized because of ischemic cerebral stroke between the years 2007 to 2011 in the neurological intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini and Imam Reza Hospitals of Tabriz city. They were subjected to the mechanical ventilation from the first days of hospitalization. For every patient, the disease risk factors, lesion location identified in the CT scan and, causes of mechanical ventilation, and the relationship of prognosis with sex, age, risk factors, ischemia location and causes of mechanical ventilation has been examined. Observations showed that, from 55 patients studied, 39 patients (70.9 %) have died. 9 patients (16.4 %) survived and were removed from the ventilator, and 7 patients (12.7 %) found chronic dependence to the mechanical ventilation. Among the factors that we have guessed to be associated with the prognosis of the disease, the presence or absence of risk factors related to the underlying disease (high age 82%, hypertension 65%, history of previous cerebral stroke 29%, diabetes 21%, atrial fibrillation 21%, smoking 16%, high blood fats 10%) were the only factors who had significant relationship with the prognosis of this disease. Sex, cerebral lesion location and the reasons of undergoing to mechanical ventilation were not significantly associated with the prognosis of the disease. Despite the high mortality (70%) and chronic dependence to ventilator (16%) in patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke and respiratory failure, the use of mechanical ventilation still plays a major role in treating these patients. Planning to control the risk factors of this disease can play a major role in the treatment of this poor prognosis.

[Mohammad Reza Ghaffari. Mechanical ventilation in stroke: outcome and prognostic factors. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):34-37]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.06.

Keywords: artificial ventilation, ischemic cerebral stroke, the outcome of mechanical ventilation

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Effects Of Heavy Metals (Cd & Cr) On Physiological And Morphological Parameters In Zea Mays L.: An overview

*Syed Ahtisham Masood1, Hafiz Ghanzafar Abbas2, Haseeb Ur Rehman3, Said Salman4, Qurban Ali5 and Arif Malik5

1Cotton Research institute, Khanpur, Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan
2Cotton Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan
3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
4Department of Plant Breeding & genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
5Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan
Corresponding Author: s.ahtisham01@gmail.com

Abstract: Existence of heavy metals [Cadmium (Cd) & Chromium (Cr)] in Zea mays L. (Maize) influence production of crop plants by inhibiting their physiological processes, such as water balance, ions equilibrium, protein metabolism and photosynthesis. Cadmium and Chromium are present in soil as CdCl2 and CrCl3, respectively. The accumulation of Cd in stem causes reduction in the absorption, transport of water, minerals uptake, organic and inorganic solutes which lead towards the abnormal growth of leaves and unusual accumulation of reserved food materials in plant. The toxic effect of Cd causes leaf chlorosis and reduces the stomatal conductance by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves and other parts. While, buildup of Cr in the Maize plant, reduces quantity of photosynthetic organic compounds that results in decrease of stem diameter. Both Cd and Cr also decrease the plant height. Present study is to pin point the differences in heavy metals uptake in grain and their impact on different morphological parameters in Maize (Zea mays).
[Masood SA, Abbas HG, Rehman HU and Ali Q. Effects Of Heavy Metals (Cd & Cr) On Physiological And Morphological Parameters In Zea Mays L.: An overview. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):38-43]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.07.

Keywords: Effect; Heavy Metal; Cd; Cr; Physiological; Morphological; Parameter; Zea Mays L

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Productive and Qualitative Response of Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivars by adopting different patterns like Horizontal and Vertical

Muhammad Irfan Ashraf, Shoukat Sajad^*, Rao Ali Zaffar

¹Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s Email: imshoukat@outlook.com

Abstract: Vegetables play an important role in human diet and nutrition that provide minerals, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins in appropriate quantity needs for the growth and development. Bitter gourd, a summer crop vegetable, is mostly used as a commercial vegetable crop on large scale in Asia specifically in Pakistan and India. The experiment was performed to evaluate the growth and yield parameters of bitter gourd by adopting different techniques like horizontal and vertical pattern. The germplasm of bitter melon cultivars (cvs) were collected from different sources. Seeds were sown on the raised beds in Vegetable Research Area of Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Data were collected from vegetative and reproductive parameters of bitter melon varieties by standard procedures. The research was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) along with three replications. Every variety acted as a treatment unit. Data were evaluated by ANOVA techniques and means were compared by using LSD test at 5% probability level. Treatments were included cultivars and cultivation method to predict the experiment. Number of days taken to first flower, number of days taken to first harvesting, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of branches per vine at maturity, final vine length, number of leaves per vine, thousand seed weight was parameter which taken for experiment. Number of days taken by flower gave good value in gohri cultivar. Number of fruit per vine by caultivar gohri gave maximum value. Fruit weight in cvgohri given determined value. Fruit diameter value was worthy by cultivar gohri. Fruit length in cv Faisalabad long was maximum. number of branches per vine at maturity, final vine length, number of leaves per vine, thousand seed weight gave maximum value by cv gohri, cv Faisalabad long, cv black cobra respectively. By that research genotypes and cultivation practice of cultivar vertical method are best method to enhance the quality and yield of bitter gourd.

[Muhammad Irfan Ashraf, Shoukat Sajad, Rao Ali Zaffar. Productive and Qualitative Response of Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivars by adopting different patterns like Horizontal and Vertical. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):44-52]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.08.

Keywords: Productive; Qualitative; Response; Bitter gourd; Momordica charantia L.; cultivar; adopt; pattern; Horizontal; Vertical

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Effect of bromelain encapsulated in niosome on IL-6 respond in mice infected by LPS induction

1Siavash Hosseinpour Chermahini, 1,2Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid, 1,2Azila Abdul Aziz

1Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
2Institute Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
adibah@cheme.utm.my

Abstract: Skin inflammation is a pathogenic factor for ectodermal tissue, but applicable prescriptions like NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) gives serious side-effects. As an alternative, bromelain is a more natural, safer, and more effective remedy that has no side-effects. On the other hand, existence of stratum corneum (SC) as the skin barrier needs a novel method to deliver specific doses of bromelain to desired site of action. In this case, niosome is the practical system that delivers bromelain to inflamed skin. To this regard, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in mice was assembled as an in-vivo simulated model. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in response to noisome encapsulated bromelain treatment. Base on the results, noisome encapsulated bromelain has significantly reduced IL-6 compared to other treatments such as bromelain alone and vehicle (noisome alone).
[Siavash Hosseinpour Chermahini, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid, Azila Abdul Aziz. Effect of bromelain encapsulated in niosome on IL-6 respond in mice infected by LPS induction. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):53-57]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.09.

Keywords: Ectodermal tissue; noisome; inflammation; stratum corneum; encapsulate

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Preliminary results of continuation maintenance treatment of advanced non-squamous non small cell lung cancer patients after prior induction chemotherapy– A Single-Arm Phase II Study

Nessren Sabery

Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

nesreensabry1eg@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: The present work aimed to study the efficacy and toxicity of continuation maintenance treatment with pemetrexed (Alimta) in patients showing disease control after four cycles of treatment with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in advanced non-squamous non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The work was done at April 2013 and April 2015, 16subjects with pathologically proven stage III/IV, non squamous NSCLC, in Clinical Oncology Department, Tanta University Hospital and Tanta Insurance Hospital who had received prior four cycles of induction with cisplatin at dose of 75mg/m²in addition to pemetrexed at dose of 500mg/m² every 21 days without disease progression were enrolled. Patients received continuation maintenance treatment with pemetrexed (500mg/m2, every 21 days).The primary endpoints of the study were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end point was the safety profile. Results: A total of 64 chemotherapy cycles of continuation maintenance pemetrexed were given. The median number of cycles was 4 cycles, ranged between 2-30 cycles for the patients represented in the study. Only two subjects from 64 were given only two cycles owing to rapid advancement of the disease. The estimated median PFS and OS were 7.5 and 17 months, respectively. The side effects were manageable with 1 patient only (6.25%) suffered from Grade 3 anemia and another 1 patient (6.25%) suffered from Grade 4 neutropenia. Grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity was not documented. All patients received full doses of pemetrexed throughout the study. There was no treatment-related death. Conclusion: Using the continuation maintenance regimen with pemetrexed preceded by four cycles of induction with cisplatin plus pemetrexed for patients selected for a maintenance strategy represents an obvious treatment advance with an acceptable clinical profile for patients with non-squamous NSCLC patients.

[Nessren Sabery. Preliminary results of continuation maintenance treatment of advanced non-squamous non small cell lung cancer patients after prior induction chemotherapy– A Single-Arm Phase II Study. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):58-63]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.10.

Key words: Non-squamous non small cell lung cancer, pemetrexed, continuation maintenance

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Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis to Cephalotin in Tabriz dairy herd in 2012

Jalili T^1ᵒ, Mosaferi S², Shayegi V³, Khatamino P¹, Khakpour M²

^1- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Yong Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^3- Resident of internal animal medicine, University-Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran

* Corresponding authors E-mail: tohid.jalili@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mastitis is an inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary gland regardless of the causes. Mastitis is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes in the glandular tissue. The most important changes in milk include discoloration, the present clots and the present of large number of leucocytes. There is a swelling, heat, pain and edema in mammary gland in many clinical causes. Coagulase positive S. aureus a major pathogen of the bovine mammary gland and a common cause of contagious mastitis in cattle. The aim of this study was the evaluation of outbreaks of Staphylococcus aurous mastitis and its sensitivity to Cephalotin in Tabriz dairy herd. This study is conducted in ten dairy herd of Tabriz on about one thousand cows. After doing CMT and identifying of infected cows, the milk samples obtained from infected quarters and transport to microbiological laboratories. After microbial culture of milk samples and isolated of S. aurous, antimicrobial sensitivity test with disk diffusion method perform by Cephalotin Penicillin, Oxytetracyclin, Co-trimoxazole, lincomycin and Cefquinome. This study defined that the outbreak of subclinical coagolase positive staphylococcus mastitis in Tabriz dairy herd was4.43 % (3.35 % S. aureus and 1.08 % S. intermedicus). The antimicrobial sensitivity test shown that88.23% of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Tabriz dairy herd were susceptible to Cephalotin 94.1% to Cefquinome,, 85.29 to Sulfonamides (Co-trimoxazole), 32.35 lincomycin, 14.7% to Oxytetracyclin and 5.88% to penicillin. Results of this study defined that Cephalotin has a great effect on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis at in vivo.

[Jalili T, Mosaferi S, Shayegi V, Khatamino P, Khakpour M. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis to Cephalotin in Tabriz dairy herd in 2012. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):64-68]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.11.

Keywords: Mastitis, Staphylococcus aurous, Cephalotin.

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Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essence of sagebrush (Artemisia vulgaris) against pathogenic bacteria

Changhiz Ahmadizadeh^1*, Alireza Monadi², Ali Rezaie³, Mahdi Ghiami Rad¹, Behbood Jafari¹

^1- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

^2- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^3- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s Email: Dr_ahmadizadeh@yahoo.com, Ch-ahmadizadeh@iau-ahar.ac.ir

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is one of the common issues in the modern medicine so finding new agents with low side effects is necessary. Considering the biological active components exist in the sagebrush and its usage in the traditional medicine, it seems that, it may have significant antibacterial activity. The objective of present study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essence of sagebrush against four strain including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the effect of methanolic extract of sagebrush was tested against above mentioned strains after achieving by Soxhlet method. The concentrations of 20, 30, 50 and 400 mg/ml of plant were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide then its antimicrobial activity was evaluated using well distribution and tube dilution. Data were analysed by ANOVA and chi-square at the level P<0.01. Results showed that methanolic extract of sagebrush prevents of growth of S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli that was dose-dependently. Also, concentration of 1000 μg/ml of plant’s leaves has shown preventive activity against S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli. The results showed antibacterial activity of sagebrush.

[Changhiz Ahmadizadeh, Alireza Monadi, Ali Rezaie, Mahdi Ghiami Rad, Behbood Jafari. Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essence of sagebrush (Artemisia vulgaris) against pathogenic bacteria. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):69-73]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.12.

Keywords: sagebrush, antibacterial, herbal extract.

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Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in selected primary schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mohaned Abed

Program of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
mabed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Recently, there has been considerable interest in children with ADHD in Saudi Arabia. However, when analysing further, it is clear that this interest is only visible in medical areas, and is not given consideration in educational areas. This research discussed the educational status of children with ADHD, since several studies have confirmed that many of the children with this diagnosis face learning difficulties in reading and/or writing, maths, and more. The results emphasise that teachers adopt varying approaches to teaching, and these may be positive or negative. Moreover, advice was shared amongst teachers of such children, with the statement made that knowledge into ADHD is needed, further stating that a number of challenges are faced when seeking to deliver the most suitable learning environment. The study suggested that teachers should be afforded ADHD-relevant training, with advice on how to work with ADHD children’s parents/carers.
[Abed M. Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in selected primary schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):74-80]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.13.

Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; learning difficulties; attention problems; Saudi Arabia

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Splicing Forgery Detection Based On Neuro Fuzzy Fusion

Habib Ghaffari Hadigheh, Ghazali Bin Sulong

Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
ghhabib2@live.utm.my

Abstract: Most of image forensics researches have mainly focused on detection of artifacts introduced by a single processing tool. Thus, they have lead in the development of many specialized algorithms looking for one or more particular footprints under distinct settings. Naturally, the performance of such algorithms are not perfect and accordingly the provided output they might be noisy, inaccurate and only partially correct. Furthermore, in practical scenarios, a forged image is often the result of utilizing several tools made available by the image-processing softwares. Therefore, reliable tamper detection requires developing several tools to deal with various tempering scenarios. Fusion of forgery detection tools based on Fuzzy Inference System has been used before for addressing this problem. Adjusting the Membership Functions and defining proper fuzzy rules for getting optimal results are a time consuming processes. This can be accounted as main disadvantage of Fuzzy Inference Systems. In this study, a Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for fusion of forgery detection tools is developed. The Neural Network characteristic of Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems provide appropriate tool for automatically adjusting Membership Functions. Moreover, initial Fuzzy inference system is generated based on fuzzy clustering techniques. The purposed framework is implemented and validated on a benchmark image splicing dataset in which three forgery detection tools are fused based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. The final outcome of the purposed method reveals that applying Neuro Fuzzy Inference systems could be a proper approach for fusion of forgery detection tools. On the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems employed for fusion of forgery detection tools. Therefore, more researches should be conducted to make it more practical and to increase the effectiveness of methodology.
[Habib Ghaffari Hadigheh, Ghazali Bin Sulong. Splicing Forgery Detection Based On Neuro Fuzzy Fusion. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):81-89]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.14.

Keywords: Forgery Detection; Splicing Attack; Fusion; Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems

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Antenatal diagnosis and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract

Yehia A. Wafa1, Mazen A. El Zahry1, Mahmoud K. Ahmed2, Mona K. Farag2 and Khaled R. Gaber2

1Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt.
2 Prenatal Diagnoses and Fetal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
Masi.khardy@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Ultrasound screening during pregnancy has resulted in increasing recognition of fetal hydronephrosis. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent 20% to 30% of all antenatally diagnosed fetal congenital anomalies in developed countries (1), Depending on diagnostic criteria and gestation, the prevalence of antenatally detected hydronephrosis (ANH) ranges from 0.6 to 4.3%. Objective: To study the outcome of different types of CAKUT diagnosed during the antenatal period especially hydronephrosis that identified primarily in the 3rd trimester. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study; all fetuses diagnosed antenatally with urinary tract anomalies are studied for prevalence, pattern of distribution during 2nd and 3rd trimesters by ultrasound and followed 6 weeks after delivery. The cases was examined at the Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Al Hussien Maternity and Bab El Shaareyia Maternity Hospitals, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, through a period of 18 months, Results: Forty one fetuses with urinary tract anomalies from 640 pregnant women were antenatally diagnosed. The most common abnormalities detected were hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease and multicystic dysplastic kidney in descending order of frequency. Moderate and severe hydronephrosis needs more investigation and surgical intervention. Male neonates are at a high risk for post natal hydronephrosis. Conclusions: Antenatal diagnosis of CAKUT is a helpful tool in immediate postnatal care and help in early identification of patients who need early surgical intervention. In addition, Moderate Hydronephrosis is associated with high risk of postnatal hydronephrosis.
[Yehia A. Wafa, Mazen A. El Zahry, Mahmoud K. Ahmed, Mona K. Farag and Khaled R. Gaber. Antenatal diagnosis and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Life Sci J 2018;15(5):90-94]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj150518.15.

Key Words: Hydronephrosis, multicystic dysplastic kidney, polycystic kidney, urinary tract anomalies, ultrasonography, early neonate.

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