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Endocan as a Novel Biomarker Versus Alphafetoprotein in Hepatitis C Virus Related Cirrhosis with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Helmy A., Farag F., Abd El-Fattah N. and Sheta T.

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

drtarek_sheta@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: In Egypt, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is high (about 20%). HCC is the major cause of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. HCC is the most common primary liver cancer and the third common cause of cancer related death (14.8%). Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used tumor biomarker for the early detection and clinical follow up of patients but its low positive rate, false-positive and false-negative results limits its value in diagnosis of HCC. Endocan is a 50 kDa soluble proteoglycan that is produced and secreted by tumor vascular endothelial cells. Recent studies showed that endocan is overexpressed in HCC tissues and sera and has been associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes. Aim of the work: To validate endocan level in HCV cirrhotic patients with or without HCC compared to AFP. Patients and methods: Sixty six Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) were divided into 2 groups and thirty healthy subjects as a control group, measurement of serum endocan and AFP level were done. Results: Serum endocan level was significantly high in HCC patients with cutoff point ≥3.59 ng/ml with 100% sensitivity,83% specificity which is superior to AFP level in which cutoff point was ≥14.3 ng/ml with 82%sensitivity and 73% specificity. Conclusion: Serum endocan level can be considered a good diagnostic marker in HCC on top of CHC infection as compared to AFP.

[Helmy A., Farag F., Abd El-Fattah N. and Sheta T.. Endocan as a Novel Biomarker Versus Alphafetoprotein in Hepatitis C Virus Related Cirrhosis with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):1-10]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.01.

Keywords: Endocan, Alpha-fetoprotein, Biomarker, Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Comparative Study of the Effects of Orlistate and Green Coffee Bean Extract on Tongue Mucosa in Obese Rat Model

Amel M. Ezzat and Doaa A. Labah

Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt

doaalabah@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a condition of abnormal accumulation of body fat which is directly associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases. Orlistatis a lipase inhibitor commonly used as anti-obesity agent. Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) is one of the newest weight loss supplements. Aim of study: To evaluate and compare the effects of orlistat and GCBE on tongue mucosa in rats fed high fat diet (HFD). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four, adult male rats weighting 150 ± 7 g were allocated into four equal groups; control, HFD (20 g fat/100 g diet), HFD- orlistat treated (200 mg /kg diet) and HFD- GCBE treated (400 mg /kg bw) groups. After four weeks, the animals were weighted then euthanized and the tongue samples were processed for histological and ultrastructural study. ANOVA test was used to compare initial and final body weights between groups. Results: The tongue mucosa of HFD and HFD- orlistat treated groups showed atypical architecture in comparison with control however HFD- GCBE treated group revealed almost normal tongue mucosa. Statistical analysis of HFD- orlistat treated and HFD- GCBE treated groups showed non-significant difference between their initial and final body weights and their final body weights simulated each other although there were a significant decrease in their final body weightsbelow those of control and HFD groups. Conclusion: Obesity caused deleterious effects on rats' tongue mucosa. However, both orlistat and GCBE exerted potent weight loss effects. Unlike orlistat, GCBE had great ability to restore normal architecture of tongue mucosa.

[Amel M. Ezzat and Doaa A. Labah. Comparative Study of the Effects of Orlistate and Green Coffee Bean Extract on Tongue Mucosa in Obese Rat Model. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):11-18]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.02.

Key words: Obesity, Orlistat, Green coffee bean extract, Tongue mucosa

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Prevalence of Monogenetic Trematodal Diseases in Some freshwater fishes at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

Mohamed S.M. Gado, Nadia B. Mahfouz, Eman M.M. Moustafa and Amina M. M. Abd El-Gawad^*

¹Department of Fish diseases and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.

*email: vetamina7@gmail.com

Abstract: Eight hundred specimens of freshwater fishes (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) (100 fish per season/ species) were investigated for seasonal incidence of monogenean trematodes (Dactylogyrus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp.). The clinical signs of most examined fishes showed dark or pale body coloration, scales detachment in O. niloticus, emaciation in C. gariepinus, excessive amounts of mucous on the external body surface, ascites, scattered hemorrhagic patches and ulcerative areas in different parts of the skin as well as severe congestion of the gills. Dactylogyrus sp. have the highest rate of the infestation (17.5% and 34%) in O. niloticus and C.gariepinus, respectively. While, Gyrodactylus sp. infection was found to be a mixed infection in all cases with Dactylogyrus sp.; showing a prevalence rate (0.25% and 2.25%) in O. niloticus and C. gariepinus, respectively. The seasonal prevalence for monogenean infestation was the highest in summer season (39% and 63%), followed by spring (14% and 41%), autumn (13% and 27%) and winter (4% and 5%) among O. niloticus and C. gariepinus, respectively. In addition, some hematological investigations and histopathological alterations of the infested freshwater fishes were recorded.

[Mohamed S.M. Gado, Nadia B. Mahfouz, Eman M.M. Moustafa and Amina M. M. Abd El-Gawad. Prevalence of Monogenetic Trematodal Diseases in Some freshwater fishes at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):19-33]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.03.

Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, monogenea, Oreochromis niloticus, Prevalence.

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Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Melanocortin 1 Receptor Gene of Iraqi chicken breeds and their effects on protein structure

Salah Mahdi Alsudany ^1,2_, Hossain Moradi Shahrbabak ¹, Seyed Reza Miraee Ashtiani ¹, Mostafa Sadeghi ¹

¹Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

² Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

Corresponding author. Tel: +98 2632248082. Fax: +98 2632246752. E-mail address: hmoradis@ut.ac.ir (H. Moradi Shahrbabak).

Abstract: Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) gene plays important roles in regulating biosynthesis of eumelanin (black/brown) and pheomelanin (red/yellow) pigments in a wide range of mammals, reptiles, and birds. In this study, the sequence diversity of a partial coding region of MC1R was investigated in Iraqi chicken breeds. After DNA extraction from blood samples of 95 chickens, PCR amplification was performed for a 681-bp fragment of MC1R and the products were sequenced to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of four SNPs were detected including two synonymous (D78272:g.1094A>G and D78272:g.1292C>T) and two nonsynonymous mutations (D78272:g.915A>G and D78272:g.1095C>T). The A/G allele frequencies were 0.92/0.08 and 0.95/0.05 in D78272:g.915A>G and D78272:g.1095C>T mutations, respectively. In addition, the C/T allele frequencies were 0.94/0.06 and 0.96/0.04 in D78272:g.1095C>T and D78272:g.1292C>T mutations, respectively. The amino acid substitution of isoleucine to valine in D78272:g.915A>G SNP had no considerable effect on physicochemical properties of MC1R protein. However, a significant effect of cysteine to arginine substitution in D78272:g.1095C>T mutation was predicted on some physicochemical properties (isoelectric point, net charge, and hydrophobic index) of the translated protein. These results imply that the mutation D78272:g.1095C>T probably affect the function of MC1R protein and that this polymorphism can be used as a useful molecular marker for identification of plumage color in Iraqi native chickens.

[Salah Mahdi Alsudany, Hossain Moradi Shahrbabak, Seyed Reza Miraee Ashtiani, Mostafa Sadeghi. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Melanocortin 1 Receptor Gene of Iraqi chicken breeds and their effects on protein structure. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):34-39]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.04.

Keywords: MC1R gene, Chicken, DNA sequencing, SNPs, Polymorphism, Plumage color

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Awareness and knowledge about oral cancer among people in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Zohour K. Al-Somali¹, Hawazin Y. Hefni², Prof. Ghadah Mansour ³

¹ King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry P.O Box 5335 Jeddah 23448, rose-khalid@hotmail.com

² King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry P.O Box 80209 Jeddah 21589, Zonahyh@gmail.com

³ Professor of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University, KSA P.O Box 80209 Jeddah 21589, mansourghada@yahoo.com

Abstract: Oral cancer is becoming prevalent and has dramatically become one of the causes of death among human race. However like any other cancers, early diagnosis is the key to save patients who have this kind of illness, thus the need to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of the people concerning this malady. The objective of this study is to examine the level of awareness and knowledge of oral cancer of the city of Jeddah in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 400 people. The questionnaire included 7 questions pertaining to knowledge about oral cancer. IBM SPSS version 22 has been used to analyze the data collected. In this study, we found out that people in Jeddah have a very low level of knowledge and awareness on oral cancer.

[Zohour K. Al-Somali, Hawazin Y. Hefni, Prof. Ghadah Mansour. Awareness and knowledge about oral cancer among people in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):40-43]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.05.

Keywords: oral cancer, oral health, diagnosis, awareness

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Is there any relation between neonatal nucleated red blood cells count and abnormal feto-maternal Doppler flow?

Nagham K. Tayeh¹; Abdulsattar J. Khalaf ²; Kadhim A. Mohammed³; Samia A. Eleiwe⁴

¹Gynecologest Specialist Staff member- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fatima Al-Zahraa Administrative hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.

²Anesthetist and Intensive Care specialist, Sheikh Zayed General Administrative hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.

³ Pediatrician Specialist, Fatima Al-Zahraa Administrative hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.

⁴Faculty member- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Staff member at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrician, Al- Khadhraa Private Hospital Baghdad, Iraq.

samia_a_eleiwe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Perinatal mortality is one of the most important medical subjects in Iraq nowadays. One of the leading causes of this mortality is the perinatal asphyxia. Prediction of perinatal asphyxia is still a matter of controversy, though, there is increasing evidence that hypoxic ischemic injury of neonate may occur during pregnancy rather than labor. Doppler echo study can conclude maternal as well as fetal circulation. Also there is a consideration to use nucleated red blood cells count as a marker of hypoxia. Aim: This study was set to assess the relation of impaired fetal Doppler studies, neonatal nucleated red cell counts and neonatal outcome, because detection of such risk factor; could help in prevention in so far as possible the perinatal mortality in the next pregnancies. Patients and Methods: This retrospective research included reserved data of 136 neonates who were born either by vaginal deliveries or caesarean sections under general anesthesia at Fatima Al-Zahraa Administrative hospital, Baghdad, Iraq; at the period from 1^st of August 2015 to the 30^th of October 2016. Doppler examination was done at the last week of pregnancy and nucleated red blood cells count was estimated for each neonate immediately after delivery. The neonates were divided into two groups; the 1^st group (control group) was consisted of alive neonates with normal Doppler studies (Group I). The 2^nd group was consisted of alive neonates having abnormal Doppler studies (Group II), which was divided into 3 subgroups, as the followings: Group II^a: fetuses with abnormal Doppler studies of umbilical artery and/or fetal descending aorta with normal Doppler of maternal uterine artery. Group II^b: fetuses with abnormal Doppler studies of umbilical artery and/or fetal descending aorta and abnormal studies of maternal uterine artery. Group II^c: fetuses with absent or reversed diastolic flow in the umbilical artery and abnormal Doppler studies of maternal uterine artery. Intended data were: intrapartum fetal distress, respiratory distress syndrome, time length at neonatal care unit, nucleated red blood count >8/100 white blood cells. Other data were: gestational age at time of delivery, birth weight, amniotic fluid index, nucleated red blood count in relation to Apgar score at 5 minutes level as well as relation to severity of Doppler abnormalities in each of the 4 groups. Mother information included name, age, parity, blood group, medical history, surgical history, obstetric history, smoking and any medical treatment. Pregnant women who had suspicion of fetal compromise due to any of the following conditions was included at this study (inclusion criteria): preeclampsia, supposed IUGR, chronic hypertension, post maturity, oligohydromnios, history of early pregnancy loss or early neonatal death, antiphospholipid syndrome, abnormal fetal heart readings and chronic smoker. While the maternal exclusion criteria: maternal diabetes, multiple pregnancies, maternal cardiovascular diseases other than hypertension, fetuses with chromosomal or structural anomalies and chorioamnionitis. Modes of delivery at this study were vaginal deliveries or caesarean sections (only with general anesthesia). All data were represented in tables and figures. Results: this study showed that nucleated red cell counts are increased with the higher degree of feto-maternal Doppler abnormalities. Conclusion: Neonatal nucleated red blood cells count as one investigation of neonatal asphyxia has a strong relation with abnormal feto-maternal Doppler flow that might give a prompt clue for doctors and health-staff for direct detection of neonatal asphyxia incidence so as to help in rapid organization of "at high risk fetuses"; consequently, this may assist in declining the occurrence of adverse postnatal deadly products whether in the present or future pregnancies.

[Nagham K. Tayeh; Abdulsattar J. Khalaf; Kadhim A. Mohammed; Samia A. Eleiwe. Is there any relation between neonatal nucleated red blood cells count and abnormal feto-maternal Doppler flow?. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):44-49]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.06.

Keywords: Neonatal nucleated red blood cells count, Feto-maternal Doppler, Neonatal asphyxia, Neonatal mortality, Apgar score, and RDS.

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Factors Associated With Retained Placenta

Faiza Ahmed Andijani

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, KSA

dr.faiza009@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with retained placenta. Material and methods: A retrospective case control study done in Maternity and Children's Hospital, Jeddah for 4 years (1423-1426). All women with singleton delivered pregnancy at gestational age between 26-42 weeks and who had vagiral delivery and had retained placenta were included in the study (case group). All pregnant women before the case were taken as control group. The factors which were looked are: parity, gestational age, induction of dilatation and curettage, spontaneous rupture of membrane, previous history of retained placenta, amount of blood loss, need for blood transfusion and placental weight. Results: There were 138 cases. There were 32 cases with previous dilatation and curettage (D/C) P.098, induction of labor in 7 cases P.008, spontaheous rupture of membrane in 80 cases P.000, 28 cases with previous history of cesarean section (C/S) P.020 parity between 0-4 in 104 cases placental weight 200-600gm in 108 cases and 4 cases with history of retained placenta and 52 cases with preterm labor. Conclusion: These findings could be use developed a predicative procedure for identify high risk case or retained placenta.

 [Faiza Ahmed Andijani. Factors Associated With Retained Placenta. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):50-52]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.07.

Keywords: Factor； Associate； Retain； Placenta

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Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, Pathogenecity and Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Oreochromis niloticus

Amira Alaa El-Dein Omar^1*, Eman Moustafa Moustafa¹, Etab M. Abo-Remela^2,3 And Mohamed Mamdouh Zayed⁴

¹Department of Fish diseases and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Postal code: 33516, Egypt

^2. Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Postal code: 33516, Egypt.

³Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawarah, Saudia Arabia.

⁴Department of aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Postal code: 33516, Egypt

* amira_vet2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Pseudomonas fluorescensis responsible for high mortalities in Oreochromis niloticus in Egypt. It is one of the most important fish pathogens infecting both fresh and brackish water fish species; containing virulence genes that enhance bacterial pathogenesis in the host. The current study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize Ps. Fluorescens and determination of the seasonal prevale ncein O. niloticus in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt, using selective differential medium (Pseudomonas–Fagar), morphological and biochemical tests. Pathogenesis of Ps. fluorescens was checked by experimental infection of O. niloticus together with detection of the extracellular alkaline metalloprotease virulence gene (aprX). The seasonal prevalence of the isolated Ps. Fluorescens strains, revealed that the highest incidence was during the winter season (41.2%), autumn (25.5%), spring (19.6%) and summer (13.7%), respectively. The PCR revealed the presence of the virulence gene (aprX) in the selected Ps. Fluorescens strain which has an important role in the pathogenicity. Ps. fluorescens strains are highly sensitive to Amikacin (96.1%) and highly resistant to Ampicillin and Streptomycin (100%). Moreover, the histopathological studies revealed severe changes in the experimentally infected fish tissues.

[Amira Alaa El-Dein Omar, Eman Moustafa Moustafa, Etab M. Abo-Remela. Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, Pathogenecity and Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):53-61]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.08.

Key words: Antibiogram, Aprx, Pathogenecity, Pseudomonas fluoroscens, Freshwater fish

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Prevalence and Outcome of Adolescence Pregnancy Over 17 years at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Ettedal Al Jahdali

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah

dr.aljahdali@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: The growing number of teenage pregnancy cases apparently emerged as a global health problem in present generation. Pregnancy in early age is associated with poor maternal weight gain, premature birth, gestational hypertension, anemia, and STDs. It is one of the major cause of increased maternal and child mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adolescence pregnancy and associated percentage of mortality and morbidity among pregnant females at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A chart review study that included (N=3,234) was conducted through data collection for all pregnant adolescents’ chart review who delivered in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2000 until December 2016. Results: the number of adolescent deliveries and percentage over the years was decreasing in the rate from (5.01%) in 2000 to (2.7%) in 2016. The majority (96%) were late adolescence (16-19y), 73.3% were booked for pregnancy care, 51.2% were Saudi, Two thirds (66.3%) were primigravida, the majority (90%) reported full term without abortion history and (99.5%) had normal infants. Conclusion: The prevalence of adolescence pregnancy decreased over the years of the study.Despite the rampant worldwide issue brought about by the risks of adolescence t pregnancy, this study revealed that the mortality and morbidity rates of mothers and their child under this age group is not very high.

[Ettedal Al Jahdali. Prevalence and Outcome of Adolescence Pregnancy Over 17 years at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):62-66]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) /ISSN: 2372-613X (Online).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.09.

Keywords: Adolescent, pregnancy, maternal, mortality, morbidity

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Some basic and hormonal profile for selection of short distance swimmers

Hussein Dorrie Abaza

Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education, Benha University, Egypt.

Hussein.abaza@fped.bu.edu.eg 

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate some basic and hormonal profiles for selection of short distance swimmers. It is hypothesized that the basic and hormonal profiles of short distance swimmers might help in the sound selection of short distance swimmers in Egypt. The Researcher used the descriptive method for a sample of a high level short distance swimmers participating in the study, from different clubs in Cairo (aged 17.8y) height (176.8 cm), weight (73.8 kg). Basic variables of heart rate, lactate, respiratory rate and vital capacity were determined, together with hormonal profile of growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, T₃, T₄ using ELISA technique in the peripheral blood. The results indicated that basic variable determined were better results compared to the average levels of normal person, also the mean hormones were exceeding the average levels of normal concentrations. It may be concluded that the basic variables (heart rate, lactate, respiratory rate and vital capacity, also metabolic and growth hormone detected might be a good indicators for selection of short distance swimmers in Egypt.

[Hussein Dorrie Abaza. Some basic and hormonal profile for selection of short distance swimmers. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):67-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.10. 

Keywords: Basic, hormonal profile, short distance swimmers, selection.

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Ferroresonance Suppression by Reinforcing the Capacitance of a Transmission Line

Mohamed Zarouan

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

e-mail: mzarouan@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: An electrical network, like any nonlinear system, can have a different steady state response for specific initial conditions basin. An additional battery of capacitors, to be inserted between each phase and the ground, allows to modify the global capacitance of the electrical network which will ensure that the system lies in a domain where the response converges to a unique value. This domain has been determined according to the criterion of stability of Borne and Gentina, applied to the generalized thin arrow form of the power network’s state matrix, hereby providing an easy-computable alternative to the complex continuation method.

[Mohamed Zarouan. Ferroresonance Suppression by Reinforcing the Capacitance of a Transmission Line. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):73-80]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.11.

Keywords: Electrical power network, configuration at risk, coupled phases, continuation method, uniqueness of the response, arrow matrix

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Prevalence And Outcome Of Adolescent Pregnancy Over 17 years At King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Ettedal Al Jahdali

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Hospital

Jeddah P.O. Box 80215 Saudi Arabia 21589

Mobile: 009664637282; Email: dr.aljahdali@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: The growing number of teenage pregnancy cases apparently emerged as a global health problem in this present generation. Pregnancy in early age is associated with poor maternal weight gain, premature birth, gestational hypertension, anemia, and STDs. It is one of the major cause of increased maternal and child mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adolesance pregnancy and associated percentage of mortality and morbidity among pregnant females at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A chart review study that included (N=3,234) was conducted through data collection for all pregnant adolescents’ (ages 12 to 19) chart review who delivered in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2000 until December 2016. Results: the number of adolescent deliveries and percentage over the years was decreasing in the rate from (5.01%) in 2000 to (2.7%) in 2016. The majority (96%) were late adolescents (16-19y), 73.3% were booked for pregnancy care, 51.2% were Saudi, Two thirds (66.3%) were primigravida., the majority (90%) reported full term without abortion history and (99.5%) had normal infants. Conclusion: The prevalence of adolesance pregnancy decreased all over the years of the study. Despite the rampant worldwide issue brought about by the risks of adolescent pregnancy, this study revealed that the mortality and morbidity rates of mothers and their child under this age group is not very high.

[Ettedal Al Jahdali. Prevalence And Outcome Of Adolescent Pregnancy Over 17 years At King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia.. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):81-85]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.12.

Keywords: Adolescent, pregnancy, maternal, mortality, morbidity.

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Tetanus: A review of the literature

Gashaw Enbiyale (Dr)

Field Practitioner at University of Gondar Veterinary hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.o. Box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia,

enbiyalegashaw@gmail.com

Abstract: This review work was conducted from august 2016 to march in 2017 in Ethiopia. Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium Clostridium tetani which is commonly found in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. These spasms usually last a few minutes each time and occur frequently for three to four weeks. Tetanus is now a rare disease in the developed world. However, it remains an important cause of death worldwide and is associated with a high case mortality, particularly in the developing world. Modern intensive care management should prevent death from acute respiratory failure, but cardiovascular complications as a result of autonomic instability and other causes of death remain problematic. In this article, i review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical feat ures, and current management of tetanus.

 [Gashaw Enbiyale). Tetanus: A review of the literature. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):86-96]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.13.

Keywords: infection, tetanus; complications, autonomic dysfunction; intensive care, management; complications, death

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Analysis of the Relationship between Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Fencing Athletes

Mustafa Gümüş

^1. Department of Physical Education and Sports, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, 67100, Turkey

mustgumus@gmail.com

Abstract: The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between cerebral lateralization, hand preference and grip strength in fencing, which provides health, speed, agility, flexibility, balance, reflexes, coordination, intuition, timing ability, quick thinking and decision – making for your body. 117 elite fencing athletes whose ages range from 18 to 25 and attended Interuniversity Fencing Championship voluntarily participated in the study. Hand preference was confirmed by Oldfield Survey. Foot, eye and ear preference was also experimented by three items. Handgrip strength was measured by Jamar hydraulic dynamometer. Of the total subjects attended to our study, 48,1% were dominantly right-handed, 40,3% were right-handed, 10,2% were left-handed and 1,4% were dominantly left-handed. Dominant handgrip strength was 44.2 kg for the right-handed and 43.9 kg for the left-handed subject athletes. When we compared the dominance of hands, feet, eyes and ears together, 86,41% of the subjects dominantly preferred right hand, foot, eye and ear and the left hemisphere was dominant. This functional laterality may be due to dominance of the left hemisphere. It is significant to make similar evaluations intended for hand and hand preference on more subjects at different ages and competition categories in which hand preference is improved by active use.

[Gumus M. Analysis of the Relationship between Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Fencing Athletes. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):97-104]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.14.

Keywords: Cerebral lateralization; grip strength; fencing; hemisphere; hemispheric asymmetry

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The changes of corneal bio-mechanical properties after parachute opening shock

Lu-Yu Wu¹, Kaung-Jen Chien^{2,3, #}, Choa-Wen Pan⁴, Chi-Ting Horng^3,5, Shu-Zhang Lin^{5, *}

¹Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

²Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

³Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁴Department of Surgery, Zouing branch of Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁵Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital. Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

^*Corresponding author: Shu-Zhang Lin, E-mail: h56041@gmail.com

^# This author contributed equally to the first author

Abstract: Parachute opening shock (POS) in high acceleration force may result in several physiologic responses and injuries However, little is known about the effects of shock on corneal rigidity and elasticity when parachutists jumping out from the airplane and deployed after high + Gz acceleration. The aim of this study was to determine the changes of corneal biomechanical properties after POS. Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. They jumped out the C-130 airplane at 1350-1500 fts above the ground in Pintung. The parachute of shock may simulate at least 5 times of gravitational force in head to toe Z-axis direction (+ 5 Gz force). The ocular Response Analysis was applied to detect the dynamic bi-directional changes of cornea in the subjects who underwent parachuting. The related parameters were evaluated before ejection such as corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and central corneal thickness (CCT). The bare visual acuity and refraction were also recorded. At instant, 15mins and 30mins after ejection, the parameters were detected as well. All the bare visual acuity and refractive errors remain unchanged during the study. There were no significant change of CH and CRF before and after POS. However, the CCT increased significantly immediately and 15 min after compared with the values before study. When landing, the main corneal biomechanical properties did no show remarkable change. Besides, the refraction and bare visual acuity remained stable. We concluded that the rigidity and elasticity of the cornea were not apparently affected by high G-force. During real high altitude ejection, true environmental factors such as windblast, low temperature, and hypoxia remained challenger to parachutists. We need further studies in the future.

[Lu-Yu Wu, Kaung-Jen Chien, Choa-Wen Pan, Chi-Ting Horng, Shu-Zhang Lin. The changes of corneal bio-mechanical properties after parachute opening shock. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):105-110]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.15.

Keywords: Parachute of shock, parachute, Corneal hystresis, Corneal resistance factor

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Designing costumes for visually impaired young women

Prof. Dr. Nermin Abdel Rahman Abdel Basset¹ Dr. Ruaa Sohail Hassan Qadi²

¹ Professor of Fashion Design, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul-Aziz University, KSA

²Teacher at the Faculty of Arts and Design, King Abdul-Aziz University, KSA

Nermo69@yahoo.com

Abstract: A well-dressed blind young woman helps to regain her self-confidence; therefore, this study helps blind girls to choose their clothes because of their effective desire to increasing their self-confidence, their interest in life, and their increased adaptation and social compatibility. By identifying their views in this field. In addition, propose some designs and methods that facilitate the process of choosing their clothes.

Through displaying some questions:

- What are the clothing needs of sightless young women which help in adapting to the self and society?

- What are the characteristics of the clothing of visually impaired girls that fit their clothing preferences?

- What is the possibility of designing costumes for visually impaired young women at the age of 18 to 25?

- What are the opinions of specialists in the proposed designs for girls with visual disabilities? The research narrows down to target:

- Determine the characteristics of the clothing of visually impaired girls.

- Design costumes suitable for visually impaired young women in the age group (18 to 25)

- Identify the views of specialists in the proposed designs for girls with visual disabilities.

To sum up the research's results:

• It should be noted that the answer to the second question, which states: "What are the characteristics of the clothing of visually impaired girls that fit their clothing preferences" has been mentioned in the second chapter of the research.

• It should be noted that the answer to the third question, which states that "the possibility of designing costumes for young adults with visual impairments at an age (18-25) has been mentioned in Chapter III practical experience through the work of (6) designs.

• Through the study, the researcher found that girls with visual disabilities should be available in their soft and comfortable soft clothes, and prefer front openings in clothes to facilitate the process of wearing and dressing.

• Through the study, the researcher found that most girls with visual disabilities do not prefer to multiply in the clipping because they need to coordinate between pieces.

[Nermin Abdel Rahman Abdel Basset and Ruaa Sohail Hassan Qadi. Designing costumes for visually impaired young women. Life Sci J 2017;14(8):111-119]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj140817.16.

Keywords: Design; costume; visually impaired; young; women

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