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Standard versus Short Course Radiation Therapy plus Concomitant Temozolamide for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme in Elderly Patients

Mohamed El-Shebiney and Walid Almorsy

Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt.

walidaa1@hotmail.com

Abstract Background: Treating elderly patients with glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a major challenge and different treatment modalities are controversial. The optimal fractionation schedule of radiotherapy (RT) for GBM is yet to be determined. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of 2 specific radiation schedules, each combined with temozolamide (TMZ), in patients aged ≥60 years with newly diagnosed GBM. Patients and methods: Forty three patients with GBM, age 60 years or older, were enrolled between October 2013 and December 2015 at Clinical Oncology Department Tanta University Hospital. All patients had previously undergone surgical resection (total, subtotal or biopsy). After surgery 23 patients patients received standard RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks) and 20 patients received a hypofractionated short course RT (40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks). All patients received concomitant TMZ at a dose of 75 mg/m² daily during RT. This followed or not by adjuvant TMZ with a dose 150 mg/m² daily, 5 days every 28 days for 6-12 cycles. Results: The median follow-up time was 5 months, (range, 0-19 months). The median survival time for the whole population was 10 months (range, 2-30 months). Median survival time was 11 months (range, 2-18 months) in the standard RT group while it was10 months (range, 7-30 months) in the short course RT group. The 1-year survival rates were 30.4% versus 35% in the standard RT and short course RT groups respectively (p=0.917). Patients in the short course RT group had median PFS 8.5 months compared with 7 months in standard RT group (p=0.447). Short course RT resulted in a comparable rates of toxicity with standard RT. Conclusions: The hypofractionated short course RT can be used for patients with GBM, resulting in comparable overall survival, comparable rates of toxicity and allowing for a shorter treatment time than standard RT. To confirm this, a multicenter, meta-analysis and a randomized trial with a large number of patients are needed to determine the optimal fractionation for GBM.

[Mohamed El-Shebiney and Walid Almorsy. Standard versus Short Course Radiation Therapy plus Concomitant Temozolamide for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme in Elderly Patients. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):1-10]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.01.

Key words: Glioblastoma Multiforme, elderly patients, concomitant TMZ plus RT, Short course RT.

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Single Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy versus Conventional Four Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Nasser A. Nazer MD and Salah M. Raslan MD

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt

nassernazer@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: In an attempt to decrease operative trauma and improving cosmetic results, Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is used via a single incision in the umbilicus. Single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) is a minimally invasive surgical technique for treatingbenign gallbladder diseases. Reticulating forceps, and specially designed ports have facilitated SPLC. Theaim of this study was to compare the outcome of two laparoscopic techniques (Single and multiple ports laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was done at elite hospital, Riyadh, and military hospital, Taif, KSA. between October 2014 and April 2016 and included 80 patients admitted with diagnosis of Gall bladder stones, of which 40 patients underwent single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC), and 40 patients underwent conventional multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MPLC). Results: The mean operative time for Group A (SPLC) was 66.4 ± 14.0 ranged from (35 -105) minutes with median time 44.5 minutes which was longer than that in group B (MPLC) (46.45 ± 36.3) ranging from (22-83) with a significant statistical difference. In group A (SPLC) an extra port was needed in 3 cases for proper dissection of the Calot’s triangle. Nomajor intraoperative complications. Hematoma at incision site occurred in two cases in group A and one case in groupB. The length of hospital stay and post-operative pain score were similar in both groups. Conclusion: SPLC is considered as a safe, effective and feasible surgical technique in selected patients. With better cosmetic result but longer operative time.

[Nasser A. Nazer and Salah M. Raslan. Single Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy versus Conventional Four Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):11-17]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.02.

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy – Single port -Multiple port

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Effect of Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass on Weight and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Morbid Obese Patients

Nasser A. Nazer MD and Salah M. Raslan MD

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

nassernazer@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The high rate of morbid obesity worldwide is leading to development of many bariatric surgical procedures. The ideal bariatric surgery should be associated with less complications, sustained reduction in body weight and a short learning curve for surgeons. The laparoscopic mini gastric bypass (LMGB) is considered as a bariatric surgical procedure, which can satisfy the above conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LMGB on weight and type2DM in morbid obese patients. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study which was done From August 2013 to January 2016. Fifty patients (28 females and 22 males) were included in this study at two bariatric centers. All patients underwent LMGB. Follow up was done at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperative. Results: Our present study demonstrated that LMGB after one year follow up had great effects on weight reduction, BMI and improvement or remission of blood glucose levels, significantly. Conclusion: LMGB is a safe, feasible and effective surgical bariatric procedure with acceptable effects on weight loss and glycemic control and remission. With a low rate of early postoperative complications. Still further clinical trials are needed for assessment of the late complications and the long-term effect on weight reduction and glycemic remission

[Nasser A. Nazer and Salah M. Raslan. Effect of Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass on Weight and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Morbid Obese Patients. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):18-24]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.03.

Key words: Morbid obesity- mini-gastric bypass- Diabetes Mellitus

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Single port versus multiport laparoscopic trans abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair.

Hany Mohamed El-Barbary, FRCS, FACS,

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain shams university (ASU)

drhelbarbary69@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been recently introduced in several surgical procedures. There is a paucity in the literature describing the single incision trans-abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (SILS-TAPP), instead most studies described single incision totally extraperitoneal hernia repair (TEP). Aim of the study: In this study, the author present his experience regarding SILS inguinal hernioplasty using transabdominal pre-peritoneal approach (SILS-TAPP) compared to multiport TAPP. The outcome, advantages and complications encountered in both approaches were highlighted. Results: This study was carried out from January 2014 till December 2015 and all patients were operated by a single surgeon in a secondary level referral private hospital in Eastern province KSA and were followed for one year. This was a prospective clinical study of 77 patients ranging from 18-49 years of age who were operated for non-complicated inguinal hernia, 25 cases using SILSTAPP technique and 52 cases with hernia repair using multiport TAPP. There were sixty five males and twelve females. Average operating time was 127 minutes for SILS-TAPP, and 76 minutes regarding multiport TAPP. There was minimal postoperative pain and accepted cosmetic scars in SILS-TAPP. We had one port site hernia after 3 months in the SILS group. No early postoperative recurrences in both groups after one year follow up. Conclusion: SILS-TAPP is a feasible and safe minimally invasive approach for non-complicated inguinal hernias, especially in patients with low BMI. It has better cosmetic appeal and less postoperative pain than multiport TAPP. On the other hand, multiport TAPP is more suitable in obese patients. SILSTAPP should be done by experienced laparoscopic surgeons in SILS techniques using appropriate instruments.

[Hany Mohamed El-Barbary. Single port versus multiport laparoscopic trans abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):25-31]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.04.

Key words: Single port hernia repair, TAPP hernia repair

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Prevalence of failed inferior alveolar nerve block in achieving pulpal anesthesia in lower molars

Najwa Hafez

Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KAU

nahafez@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Successful anesthesia is essential for performing pain-free dental procedures. The conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common technique of local anesthesia used to anesthetize mandibular teeth during surgical procedures. Profound pulpal anesthesia is difficult to be obtained after IANB, especially in inflamed mandibular molars. Even when a proper technique is applied, clinical studies show failure of IANB in approximately 30%-45% of cases. The aim of this review is to prove that IANB alone is not enough to fully anesthetize the pulp and to find solutions and methods to make RCT and restorative work painless for the patients and so the treatment procedure would become easier to the dental practitioner.

[Najwa Hafez. Prevalence of failed inferior alveolar nerve block in achieving pulpal anesthesia in lower molars. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):32-35]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.05.

Keywords: Prevalence; failed inferior; alveolar nerve block; pulpal anesthesia; molar

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Youth and Branding Egypt Using “Snapchat” Publishing

Tamer Ibrahim Hassan Ibrahim, Ph.D.

Computer and Information Technology Department - Graphic Design Program, Community College, King Abdul Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

tamerhad@dr.com

Abstract: Recent technological advancements have a drastic impact on the way individuals communicate. Internet and social media have changed youth trends and the market environment for tourism destinations. This research studies the impact of "Snapchat" as a new medium in social media for communicating and publishing ideas, its influence on youth, and ways to drive the maximum benefit of utilising it as a promotional and editorial content tool for branding Egypt. It will take a discursive approach to understanding how "Snapchat" is represented and marketed to youth to create sustainable tourism using resident and visitor experience. The created framework for branding Egypt using "Snapchat" functions will enable youth to capture spontaneous cultural moments and produce Egyptian self-images for display worldwide to project cultural and political identities to both domestic and international audiences.

[Ibrahim T. Youth and Branding Egypt Using “Snapchat” Publishing. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):36-52]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.06.

Key words: Snapchat, Destination Branding, Tourism Publishing, Egypt, Youth, Social media

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Helicobacter pylori infection in type 2 diabetic patients and its relation to smoking

Mysara M. Mogahed, MD¹ and Amira H. Allam, MD²

¹Lecturer of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

²Lecturer of Chest Disease and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

mysara757@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: -Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major human bacterial pathogen, the chronic infection of which causes a number of upper gastrointestinal effects. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in Helicobacter pylori infected patients enhances the risk of gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Objectives: evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in type 2 diabetes patients and its relation smoking. Subjects and methods: -The study was carried out on 100 individuals divided into; 50 patients diagnosed as T2DM and 50 healthy volunteers formed the control group. All were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, H. pylori immunoglobulin G level, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile, Urea Breath Test (UBT) for the positive H. pylori IgG. Results: The difference of H. pylori prevalence between diabetics (54%) and control (28%) was significant (p=0.008) and maximum positivity was in groups with higher HbA1C level (p=0.037). In both groups, subjects with H pylori seropositivity had significantly high serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared to negative H. pylori. In diabetic group there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of H. pylori positivity between smokers & non-smokers (p=0.016). H. pylori infection was more prevalent in males in diabetic group. Conclusion: higher frequency of H. pylori infection in diabetic patients(smokers more than nonsmokers), may indicate a potential association between H. pylori infection and T2DM. If the relationship between the two is established, preventive measures should be implemented for this treatable disorder especially in high risk communities.

[Mysara M. Mogahed and Amira H. Allam. Helicobacter pylori infection in type 2 diabetic patients and its relation to smoking. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):53-59]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.07.

Key Words: H. Pylori infection, diabetes mellitus& smoking

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Biodegradation of polyurethane

Vinay Mohan Pathak and Navneet

Department of Botany & Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249-404, Uttarakhand, India

vinaymohanpathak@gmail.com

Abstract: The worldwide occurrence of synthetic polymers are increases dynamically and their resistance against degradation creating various environmental concerns. These polymers linger on the environment for a long time period. In current scenario, researcher focus on the production and recycling processes of synthetic polymers. Polyurethane is one the representative member of this polymers group, it serve as manmade polymer and uses in sever sectors i.e. Industrial, medical etc. Polyurethane polymers form by the condensation process of polyalcohols and polyisocyanates. Such polymers having valuable importance due to their biodegradation susceptibility. Physical and chemical properties of polyurethane alter the degradation ability of microorganisms and hydrolyzing enzymes. Esterase reported as an effective enzyme for hydrolyzing of ester linkage and polyurethane degradation.

[Vinay Mohan Pathak and Navneet. Biodegradation of polyurethane. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):60-62]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.08.

Keyword: Biodegradation; polyurethane; bacteria; fungi.

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Effect of “Red Bull” Energy Drink on Some Neurotransmitters Content and Histological Structure of Cerebral Cortex in Male Albino Rats

A.E. Bawazirand M. G. Almehmadi

Department of Biology (Zoology), Faculty of Science – Al-Faisalyyah campus, Biology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the Neurological risks associated with the consumption of energy drink Red bull. The chronic effect of energy drink Red bull on some neurotransmitters contents norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in different brain regions and histological structure of cerebral cortex of male albino rats. The chronic administration of red bull (3.1 ml/day) caused a significant decrease in neurotransmitter contents in different brain regions and have caused histological changes in the cerebral cortex area led to a atrophy of nuclei nerve cells and abnormalities in pyramidal cells may be due to the effect of caffeine.

[A.E. Bawazir and M. G. Almehmadi. Effect of “Red Bull” Energy Drink on Some Neurotransmitters Content and Histological Structure of Cerebral Cortex in Male Albino Rats. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):63-73]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.09.

Key words: red bull, neurotransmitter, the cerebral cortex

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Effects of MC-LR on inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells

Jinxia Wu, Shenshen Zhang, Chuanrui Liu, Haohao Liu, Chu Chu, Yang Li, Xuemin Cheng, Huizhen Zhang^＊

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China

Huizhen18@126.com

Abstract: Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) produced by cyanobacteria is responsible for toxicity in humans and animals. To study the effect of MC-LR on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE), we detected the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in culture supernatant of HBE cells exposed to 20 μg / ml MC-LR solution at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h by ELISA kits. The results showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant of HBE cells increased with the prolongation of MC-LR exposure (∗∗p < 0.05 vs Control group). Therefore, we deduced that direct expose to MC-LR could induce inflammation in HBE cells and lead to higher generation and release of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8.

[Wu JX, Zhang SS, Liu CR, Liu HH, Chu C, Li Y, Cheng XM, Zhang HZ. Effects of MC-LR on inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):74-77]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.10.

Keywords: Microcystin-LR; Human bronchial epithelial cells; inflammatory factor

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Time delay autocorrelation analysis of EEG time series for the patients of early mild Alzheimer's disease

¹*Shu-Fen Huang, ²*Chi-Ting Horng, ³Chen-Lin Chang, ⁴Shen Cherng, ⁵Hsien-Chiao Teng, ⁶**Wei-Tsung Kao

¹Department of Clinical Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

²Education Medical Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. ³Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. ⁴Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

⁵Department of Electrical Engineering, ROC Military Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

⁶Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

*equal contribution to this study, ** Correspondence author, cherngshen@gmail.com

Abstract: In this report, we applied non-linear time series modeling techniques to analyze the EEG time series for early Alzheimer's disease collected from the Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital. Our study has revealed that electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients is more chaotic than those of healthy subjects. The EEG measurements were approved by local IRB in June of the year of 2016. 25 subjects were collected and the changes in EEG signals start at early stage were found for five subjects specifically. To detect this changes, cross correlation of the EEG series modified with different delay time were applied to the 5 patients of mild AD and 60 healthy subjects. We have compared the right and left temporal lobes of the brain with the rest of the brain areas including frontal, central, and occipital as temporal regions are relatively the ones being affected by the neuron-pathogen of AD. At the end, all the data are assessed by statistical analysis.

[Shu-Fen Huang, Chi-Ting Horng, Chen-Lin Chang, Shen Cherng, Hsien-Chiao Teng, Wei-Tsung Kao. Time delay autocorrelation analysis of EEG time series for the patients of early mild Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):78-81]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.11.

Keywords: Time; delay; autocorrelation; analysis; patient; Alzheimer's disease

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Enhanced Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Polluted Soil Augmented with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Chimezie Jason Ogugbue^a, Leera Solomon^b and Isaac Nakanie Olali^c

^a&cDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, 500004 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

^bDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

ceejay55us@yahoo.com, jason.ogugbue@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: Biodegradation of crude oil-polluted soil augmented with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and amended with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) was examined ex situ. Three setups were designed and they include: T₁ (un-amended control- 700g of soil + 70 ml of crude oil ); T₂ (700g soil, 70 ml crude oil, 70 ml hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and 70 g NPK) and T₃(700g soil, 70 ml crude oil, 70 ml HUB, 70 g NPK and 70 ml Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria-NFB). In all treatment setups, increase in total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) counts, HUB and NFB counts was obtained. The HUB isolated include; Corynebacterium; Staphylococcus; Pseudomonas; Achromobacter; Klebsiella; Serratia; Bacillus; Micrococcus; Clostridium; Acinetobacter; Flavobacterium; Citrobacterand Alcaligenes whereas, the isolated NFB used for augmentation of the polluted soil include; Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Archromobacter, Burkholderia, Azotobacter, Arthrobacter and Alcanivorax. After 28 days of treatment, reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of soil was 78.5 % in T₃, 75.8 % in T₂ and 10.8 % in T₁. The % TPH removal in the polluted soil was in the order: T₃>T₂> T₁. Gas chromatograms of soil samples indicated considerable attenuation of peaks of various carbon fractions in T₂ and T₃ when compared to the control (T₁) which suggests the enhanced biodegradation of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the polluted soil especially in T₃ augmented with NFB. This study thus, highlights the biotechnological potential of employing NFB as an agent for nitrogen content elevation in polluted soils. Their application in bioremediation protocols could enhance the fixation of nitrogen in a form that is readily utilizable by HUB in situ without adverse effects on the environment.

[Ogugbue, C.J., Solomon, L. and Olali, I.N. Enhanced Biodegradation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil Amended with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Nitrogenous-Based Fertilizers. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):82-91]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.12.

Key words: Crude oil, ex situ biodegradation, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogenous fertilizer

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Study of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Adiponectin Level to Predict Coronary Artery Disease in Egyptian Patients

Khaled Massoud Dessouky¹, Mahmoud Osama Ahmed¹, Mansour M. Mostfa², Kamel Soliman Hammad³, Kamal Hashem Salah³

¹Internal Medicine Department,²Cardiology Department, ³Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

khaledkandil1963@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: nowadays, the echocardiographic assessment of EATT is gaining high interest since it is safe, non-invasive and reproducible. There is a growing evidence supports the role of EAT in the pathogenesis of CAD through local release of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to study the interrelationship between EATT & serum level of adiponectin and their utilization in predicting CAD in Egyptian patients. Methods: we enrolled 50 patients who underwent coronary arteries angiography for suspected CAD, and accordingly they were divided equally into 25 patients with CAD and 25 ones without CAD. EATT from the right ventricular free wall in the parasternal long- axis view was measured by 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Coronary angiographies were analyzed for the presence and severity of CAD. Serum adiponectin, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis parameters were measured. Results: A highly significant increased EATT was found in CAD patients compared to control group (8.49±3mm vs. 4.97±3.3 mm; t = 3.95, p = 0.0003) with An EATT of > 3.7 mm predicted the presence of CAD with sensitivity of 88 %, specificity of 72 %, PPV of 75.86 % and a NPV of 85.71 %. It was increased with severity of CAD (multivessels 12.2±1.43mmvs.5.18±1.54mm; p <0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis for the prediction of significant CAD risk factors revealed EATT to be an Independent Risk Factor for CAD (OR = 1.329, p = 0.005). Also it was positively correlated to the following risk factors of CAD; hypertension, positive family history of CAD, anthropometric measurements, all glucose homeostasis parameters, TC, TG, LDL-C, degree of coronary arteries stenosis and severity of vessels affected. There was significant negative correlation between EATT and both serum adiponectin level as well as HDL-C. Furthermore, Serum adiponectin level was found very significantly low in CAD patients compared to control group (4.06 ± 2.8 µg/ml vs. 7.7± 2.8 µg/ml; t = 3.59, p = < 0.0001) with an adiponectin serum concentration of < 6.3 µg /ml predicted the presence of CAD with sensitivity of 68 %, specificity of 64 %, PPV of 65.38 % and a NPV of 66.67 %. It was in a significant negative correlation with the following risk factors of CAD; hypertension, positive family history of CAD, anthropometric measurements, all glucose homeostasis parameters, TC, TG, LDL-C, degree of coronary arteries stenosis, severity of vessels affected, while in a positive correlation with HDL-C. Conclusions: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness measured by transthoracic echocardiography was significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAD and correlated with a diponectin level in Egyptian patients.

[Khaled Massoud Dessouky, Mahmoud Osama Ahmed, Mansour M. Mostfa, Kamel Soliman Hammad, Kamal hashem Salah. Study of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Adiponectin Level to Predict Coronary Artery Disease in Egyptian Patients. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):92-103]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.13.

Keywords: Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness, Adiponectin, Coronary Artery Disease, Echocardiography.

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Effect of different exercise intensities on CD³⁴⁺ stem cells and physiological variables parameters

Mohammed Nader Shalaby¹, Nawaf Alshammari², Mona Mostafa Abdo Sakoury³

¹Lecturer of Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Education Arish University, Egypt

² Associate professor, Ph.D College of Basic Education ,Kuwait

³Assiantant Professor at Faculty of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdul-Rahman Al-Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Health Sciences, Alexandria University, Egypt

Dr.M.Nader@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aerobic exercise draws energy mainly from biochemical processes requiring oxygen, whereas anaerobic exercise draws energy from processes that do not require oxygen. Twenty healthy male athletes aged (18-24 yrs.) were recruited for this study. Healthy, low active males and BMI matched participants (n=10) aged 20-22 yrs. were recruited as controls. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer. The testing was a modification of the A Strand Rhyming protocol for Vo2max. Pulse rate estimation, RBCs, WBCs HB and hematocrit were estimated using a coulter counter. Lactate by accusport, CD34+ stem cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results indicated: Vo2 max was higher during aerobic compared to anaerobic exercise. Lactate concentration decreased in aerobic compared to anaerobic exercise bouts. H, RBCs, WBCs, and hematocrit increased after both types of exercise bouts. The increase in CD34+ stem cells during anaerobic exercise bouts was greater than it was during aerobic exercise bouts. It is concluded that these findings deserve further study.

[Mohammed Nader Shalaby, , Nawaf Alshammari, Mona Mostafa Abdo Sakoury. Effect of different exercise intensities on CD³⁴⁺ stem cells and physiological variables parameters. Life Sci J 2017;14(1):104-110]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj140117.14.

Key words: Aerobic and anaerobic exercise bouts, CD³⁴⁺stem cells, physiological parameters.

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