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1

Stability of a Modified Mathematical Model of AIDS Epidemic Can Stem cells Offer A new Hope of Cure for HIV1?

Manar A. Alqudah1;2;*; Saoussan A.Kallel¹and Sana’aA.Zarea¹

¹Mathematical Science Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

2Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

manarqudah@yahoo.com, skallel@pnu.edu.sa; s_zarea@yahoo.com

Abstract: We propose a new mathematical model to quantitatively study the effect of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of HIV 1 infection. The analysis indicates that the therapy cannot offer a cure to the infection, but simply offers a better life to the ill person and delay death.

[Manar A. Alqudah; Saoussan A. Kallel and Sana’a A. Zarea. Stability of a Modified Mathematical Model of AIDS Epidemic Can Stem cells Offer A new Hope of Cure for HIV 1? Life Sci J 2016;13(11):1-5]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.01.

Key words: stem cells; mathematical modeling; HIV 1;stability analysis.

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Physiochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation of osmotic dried apricot by date syrup

Maha, A. Hijazi and Haneen, H. Mouminah

Food and Nutrition Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

mhijazi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This study was carried out to assess the quality of osmotic-dried apricot pretreated with various type of osmotic date syrup i.e. 50, 60 and 70% date syrup, compared with those produced by untreated apricot (control). The physiochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of both osmotic-dried and control apricot after processing and during storage for 6 months were also undertaken. Results indicate that, the 70% date syrup had the lowest dehydration time for osmotic apricot followed by 60% and 50% date syrup, respectively. The ascorbic acid content gradually decreased with increasing the storage time for both osmotic dehydrated and control samples by extending the storage periods up to 6 month but the greatest reduction was observed for control samples. The amount of reducing sugars immediately after processing was ranged between 56.12 and 59.42% for osmotic dried apricot samples. The control- dried apricot had the highest total microbial contents followed by the osmotic-dried sample pretreated with date syrup 50%, 60% date syrup and 70% date syrup, respectively. On the other hand, all tested counts of microorganisms either total counts of flora or yeasts and molds showed a proportional reduction with extending the storage period and reached to the maximum reduction after 6 month of storage. The osmotic-dried apricot pretreated with date syrup 70% recorded the highest sensory scores of color, texture, taste, flavor and overall acceptability followed by osmotic-dried samples pretreated with 60 and 50% date syrup and the untreated ( control ) immediately after processing and during storage at ambient temperature. Therefore, pretreatment of apricot with osmotic date syrup to produce osmotic-dried products played an important role in producing high quality dried apricot than those produced by the control drying process.

[Maha, A. Hijazi and Haneen, H. Mouminah. Physiochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation of osmotic dried apricot by date syrup. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):6-11]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.02.

Key words: Dehydrated apricot – osmotic dehydration- sensory evaluation – microbiological assessment

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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Financial Development on Economic Growth under Asymmetric Information

Anwar Kamal Khan ¹, Zong Youngjian ²

^{1, 2} School of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Anwarkamal572@gmail.com, zongyounjin@sina.com

Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between the development of financial sector and the real growth of an economy under asymmetric information, because real growth depends on the financial structure development, so that countries with more developed financial structure enjoy a higher growth rate than other countries. This study introduces the economic growth rate as the measure for real sector development, and the variables such as the stock market value to GDP as measures of financial sector development. The standard deviation logarithm of the stock exchange stock price index and bank credit proxy to the private sector are used as the measures of asymmetric information in financial and monetary markets. Using the panel data for selected developed and developing countries during 1993 -2008, the target model is estimated. The results indicate that the financial market is more effective than the monetary market in developed countries. The financial structure of developed countries is also different from that of developing countries, and this is due to the high degree of symmetric information in the former countries, but the monetary market is more powerful than the financial market in developing countries.

[Khan A. K, Youngjin Z. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Financial Development on Economic Growth under Asymmetric Information. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):12-23]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.03.

Keywords: financial development, economic growth, asymmetric information, panel data.

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Predictors of MRI Brain Changes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Yasser El Miedany¹, Sami M Bahlas², Yasser M Bawazir³, Ibtisam M Jali⁴

¹Honorary senior clinical lecturer, King's college London, Consultant Rheumatologist, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, Kent, England.

²Professor at king Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

³Demonstrator at king Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

⁴Assistant professor at king Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

drelmiedany@rheumatology4u.com, drbahlas@gmail.com, Yasser_bawazir@yahoo.com, Dr.das28@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Brain involvement in SLE patients is considered one of the most important, relatively common disease manifestations. The central nervous system affection is associated with more cumulative damage as well as worse prognosis in SLE patients. Objective:1. To assess for the independent clinical / immunological predictors of brain affection in SLE patients as demonstrated by MRI scanning; 2. To investigate the relation between the MRI brain scanning outcome and other disease manifestations as well as management. Methods: A retrospective cohort study which included 88 patients diagnosed to have SLE according to the revised 1981 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Disease activity was assessed using SLEDAI. Data regarding age, duration of SLE, neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations, hypertensive status, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies were recorded. The MRI findings were categorized as normal, white and gray matter lesions, mild volume loss, infarction, thrombosis, as well as haemorrhage. Results: White and gray matter MRI changes were prevalent in 49% of the patients. Patterns of MRI brain affection included: 86% had white matter lesions, 19% mild volume loss, 16% had infarction, 13% thrombosis, whereas 8% had haemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension (OR11.8, CI 2.9-46.8,(p<.001) and CNS manifestations (OR 10.9, CI 2.6-44.3, p< 0.003) were independent predictors of the development of brain lesions; whereas the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies was not (OR: 0.621, 95% CI: 0.18-2.19). There was no age difference among the subgroups based on MRI and immunoserological status. Conclusion: Several discrete brainMRI patterns were observed in SLE patients suggestive of different pathogenetic mechanisms. White matter hyperintensities, whether distinct or in association with gray matter, were the most prevalent abnormal MRI brain finding in SLE patients. MRI brain changes in SLE patients were independent of the age of patients or the age at the diagnosis. Also they were not influenced by the SLE disease duration; however, they were associated with hypertension and CNS manifestations.

[Yasser El Miedany, Sami M Bahlas, Yasser M Bawazir, Ibtisam M Jali. Predictors of MRI Brain Changes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):24-29]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.04.

Keywords: SLE, MRI, NPSLE, lupus.

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Effect Of Taurine On Blood Glucose Level And Liver Enzymes Of Alloxan -Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

^{* 1}Tanko Y., ¹ Jimoh A, ¹Nasiru A.O., ¹Abdullahi A. ²Mohammed K.A., ²Abdulrazak A and ¹Mohammed A.

¹Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

Email: yusuftanko@abu.edu.ng

Abstract: The aims of this study was to evaluate the effects of Taurine on blood glucose level and liver enzymes in diabetic rats. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were injected intraperitoneally. Administration of Taurine to diabetic rats at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was able to decrease glucose levels significantly (p<0.05) compared to control untreated diabetic group. The concentrations of the liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg compared with the control untreated diabetic group. It may be concluded that oral administration of Taurine demonstrated remarkable anti-diabetic activity in alloxan induced-diabetic rats. It also could have protective effect against hepatic disorders.

[Tanko Y., Jimoh A, Nasiru A.O., Abdullahi A. Mohammed K.A., Abdulrazak A and Mohammed A.. Effect Of Taurine On Blood Glucose Level And Liver Enzymes Of Alloxan -Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):30-33]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.05.

Keywords: Taurine, Alloxan, Liver enzymes, Blood glucose level

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New Algorithm of Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

A.S. El-Sherbeny ¹, M.A. Fkirin ², El saadany A ³, S. Badawy ⁴

¹ Faculty of electronic engineering, Menufia University, Menuf, Egypt, easayed@gmail.com

² Faculty of electronic engineering, Menufia University, Menuf, Egypt, mafkirin@yahoo.com

³Faculty of Medicine, Menufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt, aelsaadani@hotmail.com

⁴ Faculty of electronic engineering, Menufia University, Menuf, Egypt, drsamirb@gmail.com

Abstract: Retinopathy is one of the diabetic patient's complications. This has no early warning signs. Modern researches in image processing could help in early diagnosing retinopathy and consequently avoid diabetes patient's blindness. This research proposes a new method in handling the matched filter to extract blood vessels with high accuracy. High pass, Laplacian, Soble and Laplacian of Gaussian are four types of matched filters are used and the result performance is calculated by ROC curves. According to the results of proposed methods, Laplacian of Gausian method provides best performance in comparison with previous work.

[A.S. El-Sherbeny, M.A. Fkirin, El saadany A, S. Badawy. New Algorithm of Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):34-40]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.06.

Keywords: Retinopathy, matched filters ROC curves, Fundus Images.

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Roadmap to sustainable cotton production

Bushra Rashid*, Iqra Yousaf, Tahira Haider, Zainab Rasheed, Qurban Ali*, Faria Javed and Tayyab Husnain

Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding author: bushra.cemb@pu.edu.pk, saim1692@gmail.com

Abstract: Cotton is natural-fibre that is mostly used in clothing and textile industry. It almost covers 50% of the textile market worldwide. It has been used for various textile products, such as bath towels, robes, denim, shirts, socks, T-shirts, bed-sheets, etc. The Organic cotton farming has emergered as a solution to overcome serious environmental effect of conventional cotton. The organic cotton is cultivated under natural conditions without the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides or fungicides, etc. Cotton production due to its high demand is the backbone of Pakistan’s textile industry. The use of genetically modified cotton all over the world has become the emerging trend all over the world. During 2002, Bt cotton was first introduced to increase the yield because it had potential to resist ball worms attack. The introduction of organic cotton (by ecological restrictions and global eco-friendly market dynamics) is the alternate of conventional cotton industries where biological processes play an important. Bio modification of synthetic and natural fibers with enzyme-based processes move towards a more bio based economy may end up in depleted renewable resources and environmental degradation.

[Rashid B, Haider T, Yousaf I, Rasheed Z, Ali Q, Javed F and Husnain T. Roadmap to sustainable cotton production. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):41-48]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.07.

Keywords: cotton, natural-fibre, clothing, textile industry, genetically modified cotton

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Effects of Lactic Cultures on Fermented Drink Produced from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).

^*Folake T. Afolabi ¹, Abiodun A. Onilude ²

^{1, 2} Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

folakeojo1@yahoo.com

Abstract: A total of thirty four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were isolated from fermented cereal gruels and processed yoghurt and they were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Three of the LAB that produced the highest antimicrobials i.e lactic acid, diacetyl and hydrogen peroxide when the lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of antimicrobials were selected as starter organisms to treat the germinating sorghum that was used for the drink production. Production of drink was done after the sorghum samples were malted. Proximate analysis which include specific gravity, total protein, viscousity, total sugar, pH, sugar level and colour were also carried out on the sorghum drink. The sample treated with L. plantarum and L. acidophilus had the highest specific gravity of 1.03 and the least was L. brevis 1.02; L.brevis and L. plantarum used for treating sorghum the drink sample produced the highest protein value of 0.62% and L. brevis produced drink with highest viscousity with value of 13.25. The highest sugar was produced by L. acidophilus and L. plantarum treated sample with values of 3.98mg/ml. The pH of the drink were ranged between 3.85 to 4.08. The sugar level was highest with value of 0.25mg/ml in the sample treated with L. brevis. L. acidophilus had the highest effect on the colour of the drink with value of 5.92 with L.brevis being the least with value of 4.82. Analysis of the sensory evaluation results revealed consumer acceptance of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) treated sorghum drink than the sample not treated with Lactic acid bacteria.

[^*Folake T. Afolabi ¹, Abiodun A. Onilude. Effects of Lactic Cultures on Fermented Drink Produced from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Life Sci J 2016;13(11):49-54]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.08.

Key words: Sorghum; Lactic acid bacteria; wort; starter culture

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Antimicrobial Evaluation of Extracts of Leaf and Root Wood of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

O.A. Akintobi, B.A. Bamkefa*, A.O. Adejuwon, S. O. Oduola

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan. Nigeria. b.bamkefa@gmail.com

Abstract: The use of alternate medicine to cure some diseases is now encouraged in Nigeria. However, various parts of the medicinal plants and methods are employed to extract the active ingredients of these plants. In this study aqueous and organic solvents (ethanol, petroleum ether and hexane) of crude extracts of the leaf and root wood of Parkia biglobosa were screened for antimicrobial activity with the intention of finding an alternative source of antimicrobial agent that can be used against some human pathogenic organisms. These extracts were subjected to antibacterial activity testing using some human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) by employing the agar well diffusion method. Results of antimicrobial activity of P. biglobosa leaf and root wood extracts showed that they were active against all the human pathogenic bacteria isolates (at 100mg/ml down to 40mg/ml) with the exception of root wood extract which was not active against Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the leaf extract was 40mg/ml for all the isolates while that of root wood extract was 100mg/ml for Proteus mirabilis alone and no effect on S. typhi. The zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml for the isolates ranged between 7mm and 32mm for leaf extract while it was between 0mm and 24mm for root wood extract. Standard antibiotics revealed that Streptomycin had the highest efficacy against gram positive bacteria showing the clear zone inhibition of 15mm and 19mm for S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively and Ofloxacin had the highest efficacy against gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, E. coli, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa) with zones of inhibition between 10mm and 25mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both the leaf extract and the root wood extract against the pathogenic bacteria under test ranged between 40mg/ml and 100mg/ml.

[Akintobi OA, Bamkefa BA, Adejuwon AO, Oduola SO. Antimicrobial Evaluation of Extracts of Leaf and Root Wood of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):55-63]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.09.

Key words: Parkia biglobosa; medicinal plants; antimicrobial; human pathogen; antibiotics disc

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Salinity Stress Effect on Ion Uptake and Yield Attributes in Rice

Adam B. Puteh ¹, M. Monjurul Alam Mondal ^1.2*

¹Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; ²Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; *Corresponding author: mmamondal@gmail.com

Abstract: The pot experiment was conducted under tropical condition (102⁰12' N latitude and 101⁰42' E longitudes) to evaluate salinity tolerance level of three rice cultivars viz., MR219, Binashail and IR20 during November 2012 to March 2013. Salinity levels were 0.34 (control), 4.2 and 8.8 dS/m. Salinity stress was evaluated in terms of ion uptake in plant straw (leaves & stems) and yield attributes. Sodium ion increased with increasing salinity levels whereas reverse trend was observed in potassium and calcium ions content in straw. However, among the cultivars, MR219 contained less sodium ions in straw. Sodium content was the highest in IR20. The number of effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and harvest index decreased with increasing salinity levels whereas reverse trend was observed in case of non-effective tillers/hill and unfilled grains/panicle. MR219 showed the best performance in terms of yield and yield attributes up to 8.8 dS/m soil followed by Binashail. The yield and yield attributes of IR20 drastically decreased with the increase of soil salinity. MR219 was found tolerant, Binashail was moderately tolerant and IR20 was susceptible to imposed moderate salinity.

[Puteh AB, Mondal MMA. Salinity Stress Effect on Ion Uptake and Yield Attributes in Rice. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):64-67]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.10.

Keywords: Rice, salinity, ion uptake, yield

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A Study of the Design and Development of A Versatile Polishing Machine for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Probe for Medical Application

Y.C. Tsai¹*, G.M. Huang², J.H. Chen², M.C. Hsieh², S.W. Chen¹, J.A. Syu¹, I.C. Her²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

²Department of Mechanical & Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Abstract: A versatile polishing machine (VPM) for the fabrication of optical fiber probe for medical application is designed and developed in this study. The VPM can keep the end-face of fiber at a fixed virtual pole of the fiber holder and abrasive pad. It is difficult for the commercially available optical fiber polishing machine to carry out such function. Five mechanisms have been proposed and the Quality Function Deployment method is adopted to evaluate the proposed five mechanisms. The Circular Motion Guide Mechanism is finally selected as the kinetic mechanism. In order to increase the fabrication reliability, a polishing turntable has been developed with a run-out smaller than 1mm at the polishing area. The double-variable curvature end-faces (DVCE) of optical fibers can be fabricated by controlling the fabricating parameters of the VPM, inclined angle, rotation angle and vertical displacement simultaneously. The DVCE has been fabricated with the concentricity less than 1mm between core and end-face. Optical fiber probes produced by the VPM are useful for the medical applications.

[Y.C. Tsai, G.M. Huang, J.H. Chen, M.C. Hsieh, S.W. Chen, J.A. Syu, I.C. Her. A Study of the Design and Development of A Versatile Polishing Machine for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Probe for Medical Application. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):68-75]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.11.

Keywords Mechanism Design, Polishing Machine, Optical Fiber, Micro End-face, Medical Probe

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Liver Enzymes And Histopathology Assessments Of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated With Aqueous-Ethanolic Crude Extract Of Alysicarpusovalifolius

¹Abdulrazak, A., ²Tanko, Y., ¹Mohammed K.A and ²Mohammed, A.

¹Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Kaduna State University, Kaduna,Nigeria

²Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

elrazakshaf@gmail.com

Abstract: The study was aimed to assess Liver enzymes level and histopathology of liver in diabetic wistar rats treated with crude extract of Alysicarpu sovalifolius. Rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of Alloxan monohydride, and divided into groups 1-5, with group 5 as a positive control (treated with insulin). Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 50,100 and 200mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively daily, and group 1 was used as a negative control which received normal saline. After 7 days of treatment. The animals were sacrificed, Serum liver enzyme levels were assessed, and found to be higher in all extract treated groups, with statistically significant (P≤0.05) higher value of AST (26.6±1.40) in extract 100mg/kg; ALT(50.6±5.20) and AST(28.8±2.63) in extract 200mg/kg treated groups, when compared to the control groups (ALT =34.6 ± 2.44 and AST =14.0 ± 1.30; in positive control) and (ALT=36.8 ± 3.71 and AST 18.8 ± 1.92; in negative control). Sinusoidal congestion, (lymphoid aggregation) and Slight hepatocytes necrosis on liver histology were observed in extract 200 and 100mg/kg per body weight treated groups. Higher levels of liver enzymes conform to liver histopathological derangement seen in extract 200 and 100mg/kg per body weight treated groups. High level of liver enzymes is a biomarker for liver injury, hence the extract might be toxic-potent. The results obtained, provide the scientific rationale for liver monitoring in certain medications, especially when using Alysicarpus ovalifolious plant in therapeutics.

[Abdulrazak, A., Tanko, Y., Mohammed K.A and Mohammed, A. Liver Enzymes And Histopathology Assessments Of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated With Aqueous-Ethanolic Crude Extract Of Alysicarpusovalifolius. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):76-82]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.12.

Keywords: Liver enzymes, Alysicarpus ovalifolious, diabetes mellitus

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Clinical Role of Dietary Thiamine on Regulation of Renal Response to Metabolic Acidosis in Adult Male Rats

Fares K. Khalifa

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, KSA.

Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women’s College, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Abstract: The kidney plays a central role in maintaining the composition of body fluids by regulating water, NaCl, acid base, and solute reabsorption and excretion, respectively. The present study was done to investigate the physiological role of thiamine in regulation of renal response to metabolic acidosis induced by NH₄Cl in adult male rats. For this experiment, fifty rats were used. They were divided into five groups. Control rats received basal diet; rats fed on basal diet mixed with NH₄Cl (4g NH₄Cl/100g diet) to induce severe metabolic acidosis, rats fed on basal supplemented diet with thiamine (600 mg/kg diet), and rats fed on basal supplemented diet with thiamine before and after induction of metabolic acidosis by NH₄Cl for 14 days. The results showed that the plasma levels of chloride, urea, and creatinine were significantly elevated in metabolic acidosis induced by NH₄Cl. Thiamine supplementation at high dose before or after induction improved the chloride values. Feeding diets supplemented with thiamine modulated the plasma sodium and bicarbonate values. Supplementation with vitamin B1 as preventive agent significantly restored these changes to near control value. Also, feeding of thiamine as curative agent improved plasma creatinine and urea levels. Urinary pH and potassium levels were decreased significantly in metabolic acidotic rats when compared to all experimental groups. Urinary ammonia and aldosterone levels were decreased by thiamine supplementation as protective agent.

[Fares K. Khalifa. Clinical Role of Dietary Thiamine on Regulation of Renal Response to Metabolic Acidosis in Adult Male Rats. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):83-88]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.13.

Keywords: Renal Response, Thiamine Supplementation, Ammonium Chloride, Metabolic Acidosis, Anion Gap

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Contribution of the IAM pathway to IAA pool in developing rice grains

Yousef M. Abu-Zaitoon

Department of Biology, Faculty of science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan.

Email: yousefaz@yahoo.com, mobile; Phone: 00962779566331

Abstract: A possible role for the indole-3-acetamide (IAM) pathway in the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was investigated in developing rice grains. IAM-hydrolase proposed to convert IAM to IAA primarily through the identification of IAM and IAM-hydrolase activity in some plant species. Expression profiles of the two putative rice IAM-hydrolase genes, OsAMI1&2, were compared to the previously quantified IAA level. The abrupt increase in IAA level between 4 and 7 days after anthesis (DAF) was not found to correlate with changes in the expression of OsAMI1 or OsAMID2 suggesting that the IAM pathway may not contribute significantly to IAA pool in rice grains. Production of a biological compound other than IAA may explain the high activity of OsAMI1&2 in developing rice grains. OsAMI1 that reported to be conserved across the plant kingdom showed higher expression level in most analyzed reproductive rice tissues whereas OsAMID2 showed more fluctuation in expression comparing to OsAMI1. Role of the IAM pathway in IAA production was also discussed in other plant systems and Arabidopsis seed was recommended as an ideal tissue to identify enzyme(s) convert(s) tryptophan to IAM as well as physiological effects of IAA produced via this pathway.

[Yousef M. Abu-Zaitoon. Contribution of the IAM pathway to IAA pool in developing rice grains. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):89-94]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.14.

Keywords: indole-3-acetamide, IAM-hydrolase, Auxin, Indole-3-acetic acid, Tryptophan

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Electroencephalogram Analysis to determine the Signal Location Originated from Cerebral Cortex of the Patient with Early Alzheimer's disease

^1*Shu-Fen Huang, ^2*Chi-Ting Horng, ³Chen-Lin Chang, ⁴Shen Cherng, ⁵Hsien-Chiao Teng, ^6**Wei-Tsung Kao

¹Department of Clinical Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

²Education Medical Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

³Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁴Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

⁵Department of Electrical Engineering, ROC Military Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC

⁶Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

*equal contribution to this study, ** Correspondence author

Abstract: Determination of the signal originated from cerebral cortex embedded into the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum of the patients with early Alzheimer's disease is developed. Five Alzheimer's disease patients were participated the clinical trial, which was approved by the local IRB, as the trial group. Meanwhile, five normal control subjects were also included as normal group. Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) was applied for the measured EEG spectrum of the patients to determine the characteristic frequencies and the reaction time embedded in EEG spectrum. The analyzed result indicated that a unique frequency caused by the localized physical pathogen of Alzheimer's disease can be realized in cerebral cortex by STFT EEG analysis.

[Shu-Fen Huang, Chi-Ting Horng, Chen-Lin Chang, Shen Cherng, Hsien-Chiao Teng, Wei-Tsung Kao. Electroencephalogram Analysis to determine the Signal Location Originated from Cerebral Cortex of the Patient with Early Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci J 2016;13(11):95-98]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj131116.15.

Keywords: Electroencephalogram; Signal Location; Cerebral Cortex; Patient; Alzheimer's disease

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