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Role of Vitamin E in Ameliorating Aluminum Chloride Effects on Prenatal Liver of Full Term Rat Fetuses

Samar M Alsaggaf ¹, Ghada A Abdel-Hamid ^{1 *}, Magda M Hagras ³, Hamid A Saleh ¹ and Mohamed E Selim ²

¹Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

²Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

³Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt

E-mails: ghada169@hotmail.com, gmohamed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: To investigate the histological and biochemical changes of fetal liver induced by aluminum chloride and the role of vitamin E in alleviating the harmful effects of aluminum. Eighty pregnant female rats were divided into two main groups control (C) and experimental. Each main group was subdivided into two subgroups (20 dams in each). Control was subdivided into: negative untreated (C) and positive control (C + VE, 100 mg VE/kg BW/day). Experimental group was subdivided into: (AL) (150 mg /kg BW/ day) and (AL) + VE (100 mg VE/kg BW/day). All test drugs were administered through intragastric tube from first day of gestation to the 20^th day. Fetal liver weight and all growth parameters were measured. Sections of paraffin-embedded rat fetal liver were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS, and Masson trichrome. Another part of rat fetal liver was assayed for lipid peroxidation enzymes, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and glutathione S-transferase. Oral aluminum chloride administration during pregnancy resulted in significant decrease in all growth parameters of rat fetuses, reduced fetal liver weight, a significant decrease in glutathione S-transferase and an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. A disruption, vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed with an increase in collagen and reduction in glycogen content. Vitamin E was able to reduce histological and biochemical changes induced by aluminum chloride. In conclusion, oral aluminum chloride induced harmful effects on rat fetal liver whereas; vitamin E was able to ameliorate these effects.

[Samar M Alsaggaf, Ghada A Abdel-Hamid, Magda M Hagras, Hamid A Saleh and Mohamed E Selim. Role of Vitamin E in Ameliorating Aluminium Chloride Effects on Prenatal Liver of Full Term Rat Fetuses. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):1-8]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.01.

Key words: Aluminum, Vitamin E, fetal, liver, teratogenicity

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Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge, Anxiety State and Tolerance for Patients with Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial

Salwa A. Mohammed

Associate professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Fayoum University, Egypt

Correspondence: Salwa A. Mohamed. Address: Faculty of Nursing, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.

Email: salwaflower@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal endoscopies are painful procedures that cause discomfort and anxiety. Education of the patient prior to the procedure lead to decrease provokes anxiety. Aim of the study to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge, anxiety state and tolerance for patients with gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in the endoscopy unit in Mansoura University; in Egypt using a quasi-experimental study design with pre and post assessments on 60 patients was assigned for endoscopy. Data collection tools included: (a) demographic and medical information sheet, (b) Endoscopy knowledge assessment sheet, (c) State-Trait Anxiety scale, and (d) Patient's tolerance assessment sheet. The researcher designed structured teaching program to decrease anxiety and improve tolerance. Each patient was evaluated at two phase pre and post implementation of program months after program implementation, and six months after the second evaluation. Results: The study results revealed that statistically significant improvement in all aspects of patient knowledge score at pre and post implementation of structured teaching program (p<0.001). There were significant improvements of level of anxiety from pre and post implementation of program to endoscopy (p<0.05). Also there was a statistical significant difference in the pre and posttest mean score of tolerance (p<0.05). Conclusion and recommendations: The results concluded that structured teaching program regarding endoscopy have positive effects on the patient’s knowledge, tolerance and anxiety level associated with the endoscopic procedure. Replication of this study is highly recommended on a large representative probability sample to achieve generalizable results.

Salwa A. Mohammed. Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge, Anxiety State and Tolerance for Patients with Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):9-17]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.02.

Key words: Endoscopy, structured teaching program, knowledge, anxiety, patient tolerance

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Association Between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels and Thyroid Carcinoma Risk in Patients with Nodular Disease

Amani Alhozali

Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Email: ahuzali@hotmail.com, aalhuthali@kau.edu.sa; Fax 00966126408315; Mobile 966555830233

Abstract: Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine cancer. Most thyroid cancers are of the well-differentiated type, such as papillary and follicular carcinoma. These types of carcinoma are the most treatable, and have a better prognosis. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a thyroid growth factor that has been deemed important for the growth, development and also in the advancement of thyroid cancer. There is already a well-established association between TSH and the growth of thyroid nodules, and the association between TSH levels and thyroid carcinoma has also been demonstrated. This study is a retrospective chart review study of 107 patients with thyroid cancer. Thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were measured at diagnosis of thyroid nodule and before surgery; demographic and clinical presentation were also documented. The results showed that most patients were female and most were aged 20-39 years. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that the risk factor TSH is segregated into five levels: <0.4 ulU/ml, 0.4-1.0 ulU/ml, 1.01-1.8 ulU/ml, 1.81-5.5 ulU/ml, and >5.5 ulU/ml. The risks for differentiated thyroid cancer were significantly increased in subjects with serum TSH levels ranging between 1.81-5.5 ulU/ml compared with other groups (p-value=.008). Binary logistic regression demonstrated that age and TSH levels ≥ 1.81 ulU/ml were independent risk factors for differentiated thyroid cancer (p<.05). Taken together, this study showed a positive association between elevated TSH levels and increased risk for thyroid cancer.

[Amani Alhozali. Association Between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels and Thyroid Carcinoma Risk in Patients with Nodular Disease. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):18-22]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.03.

Keywords: Nodular disease, thyroid cancer, thyroid carcinoma, thyroid stimulating hormone

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Proteomics Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Xinqiang Song^1,2, Hongmei Yang³,Qingsong Lin¹

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543

² Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China 464000

³Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China

Correspondence can be addressed to either author at xqsong2012@126.com or dbslinqs@nus.edu.sg

Abstract: The difficulty of diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) early and the heterogeneity of the disease makes treatments less effective. Current diagnostic tests lack accuracy and sensitivity in the early stages of the disease, meaning that symptoms can be difficult to alleviate once treatment begins. Therefore researchers have focused their interests on gaining knowledge about RA pathogenesis and searching for novel biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and stratification of RA. Many have turned to genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques to carry out their tasks. This review examines advances in proteomics for clarifying the RA process and identifying protein biomarkers useful for early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of treatment response. We believe that proteomics will soon provide novel therapeutic solutions to RA.

[Xinqiang Song, Qingsong Lin. Proteomics Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):23-28]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.04.

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; mass spectrometry; proteomics; biomarkers; protein arrays

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Ecological aspects with new zooplankter record at Lake Nasser, Egypt

Salem, T¹, Karima, MY¹, Bedir, S.² and Yousry, M¹

¹Nile Research Institute, National Water Research Center

² Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research Center

Talaat_69@hotmail.com

Abstract: Due to the scarce in the limnological data about different khors of Lake Nasser, therefore, this study aims at contributing to a more complete evaluation of different ecological aspects of Kalabsha and Allaqi khors. To achieve this objective water and sediments samples were collected in autumn 2013 and analyzed to determine the physic-chemical variables, chlorophyll a as phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton communities, as well as sediments quality. The results showed that the mean values of the different physicochemical parameters are fairly increased in Allaqi khor than in Kalabsha khor. Dissolved oxygen was exhibited mean values closed to 8.0 mg/l, meaning that both khors waters are well oxygenated and it is considered as healthy water. The low value of electrical conductivity at both khors classified Lake Nasser to the first category of the African Lakes classification with low conductivity less than 600 µs/cm. N/P ratio ranged from 13 to 40, indicating potential control of algal growth by phosphorus. Zooplankton community at Kalabsha khor comprised 25 species belonging to 21 genera which dominated by Copepoda (43.24%) followed by Rotifera (31.60%) and finally by Cladocera (24.53%) On the other hand, Allaqi khor comprised of 24 species belonging to 21 genera and dominated by Rotifera (45.67%) followed by Copepoda (39.03%) and finally by Cladocera (14.79%). It is worth mentioning that a new record of rotifer, Ptygura libera (Myers 1834) was recorded for the first time in Lake Nasser khors and in Egypt Freshwater bodies. This species confirmed mesotrophic status of the lake. The obtained data showed a high similarity and homogeneity between the two khors. Rotifer was the greatest taxonomic group in the two khors and this pattern is common in tropical freshwater bodies. For sediments, the grain size distributions of bed sediments in Kalabsha and Allaqi khors revealed that the source of sedimentation in both khors is originate from shores not from the river sedimentation. The calculation of sediment enrichment factor (SEF) showed that the heavy metals in bed sediment at both khors are crustal origin, where all values of SEF are less than 1.0 for all heavy metals at all sites. Also, the calculated ecological risk factor at both khors was less than 40.0, indicating that all heavy metals were at low risk. Finally, long-term investigations must be addressed to various aspects in Lake Nasser khors.

[Salem T, Karima MY, Salama B and Yousry M. Ecological aspects with new zooplankter record at Lake Nasser, Egypt. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):29-40]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.05.

Keywords: Lake Nasser, water quality indicator, trophic state, zooplankton, sediments and heavy metals.

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Use of Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Celiac Disease, An Overview

Mosleh Jabari

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Email: dr.mus888@hotmail.com

Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically based enteropathy that is associated with lifelong sensitivity to gluten. In individuals with genetic susceptibility for CD, gluten ingestion effects an inflammatory reaction to the small intestine, ultimately resulting selective or generalized malnutrition and subsequently growth retardation. The classical symptoms of CD are becoming less common nowadays. In children with CD, short stature as the sole manifestation of the disease has become more and more frequent. Restriction of gluten from the diet usually leads to prompt growth recovery within 12 months. In fact, within 2 years of initiation a gluten free diet (GFD), CD children return to their normal growth curve for weight and height. However, in some CD patients, catch up growth remains absent after a GFD period, despite showing negative serology for specific autoantibodies. A careful endocrinological investigation is necessary for those subjects, as they may have a coexisting growth hormone (GH) deficiency and thus could benefit from substitutive therapy with GH. This review will discussthe association between CD and GH deficiency. We will also discuss the importance of GH therapy in CD patients with GH deficiency.

[Mosleh Jabari. Use of Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Celiac Disease, An Overview. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):41-47]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.06.

Keywords: Growth Hormone, Celiac Disease

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The protective role of parsley oil on kidney of the albino rat offsprings against toxity of Etoricoxib drug (Arcoxia)

Fawzyah Abdullah Mohammed Al-Ghamdi and Abeer Saleh Mohammed AL-Amri

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

dr_fawzyah1@hotmail.com

Abstract: This research examines the effect of Etoricoxib drug (Arcoxia) and protective effect of parsley oil on the morphology and histology of kidney in albino rats fetouses in ages (1,7,15,30) days after birth. In this research, (60) albino rats were used (40) female and (20) male. After mating, pregnant mothers was divided into four groups: (control group, treatment group with Arcoxia drug, treatment group with parsley oil and treatment group with Arcoxia and parsley oil). The total fetouses were (624). Births outwardly and histologically were examined and weights and lengths for all groups were taken. Kidney was isolation for histological examination. It has been found significant decrease in weight and height of fetouses in the treatment group by drug at ages (1,7) day, also significant decrease in weight and height of fetouses in the treatment group by drug and parsley oil at ages (1,7,15) day. Microscopic examination showed in treatment group with Arcoxia drug atrophy some renal corpuscle with breadth of urinary space and integral tuft of capillaries. Karyolysis, pyknosis and haemorrhage were shown. While groups treated by Arcoxia with parsley oil, a natural appearance of glomeruli and urinary tubules and absence of haemorrhage have been observed. We conclude of this study, the drug affects on kidney, kidney functions and parsley oil had a protective role against toxity of drug. Generally advised to avoid eating Arcoxia except in cases of necessity. For a pregnant woman should consult specialist doctor with regard to take the medicine.

[Fawzyah Abdullah Mohammed Al-Ghamdi and Abeer Saleh Mohammed AL-Amri. The protective role of parsley oil on kidney of the albino rat offsprings against toxity of Etoricoxib drug (Arcoxia). Life Sci J 2016;13(9):48-77]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.07.

Key words: Arcoxia; parsley oil; kidney; albino rats

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Job Satisfaction among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature

Mohammed Alshmemri¹, BSN, RN, MSN, PhD; A/Prof. Lina Shahwan-Akl²; A/Prof. Phillip Maude²

^1,2 RMIT University, School of Health Sciences (Nursing and Midwifery), Melbourne, Australia

shmemri@gmail.com

Abstract: The nursing shortage in Saudi Arabia continues to be significant to the point that over 60% of nurses in private and public hospitals in Saudi Arabia are foreigners. Identifying factors that impact nursing job satisfaction and dissatisfaction is critical to developing strategies to retain and recruit Saudi nurses. Although nurses in Saudi Arabia remain generally satisfied with the nature of nursing work, multiple factors may impact the level of satisfaction among nurses, affecting nursing recruitment and retention efforts. This information can be used to develop strategies for improving nurse satisfaction in the workplace. In addition, perhaps critical to these efforts is the effect of social views of nurses in Saudi Arabia and cultural factors that limit satisfaction, recruitment, and retention. The future of nursing in SA may hinge on a shift in cultural and social views of nursing.

[Mohammed Alshmemri, Lina Shahwan-Akland Phillip Maude. Job Satisfaction among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Literature. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):78-83]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.08.

Keywords: job satisfaction; shortage of nurses; Saudi nurses working in Saudi Arabia; Saudi public hospitals

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Nomad-Animals Are Associated With Exposure To Emerging Diseases Pathogens

Farman Ali², Hamayun Khan¹, Shakoor Ahmed¹, Muhammad Athar Khan², Muhammad Hasan Raza², Muhammad Abuakar⁴, Nazir Ahmed Khan⁵, Zia Ullah Mahmood⁶, Naushad Khan⁷ and Sadeeq ur Rahman^8*

¹ Department of Animal Health, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar- Pakistan

²Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore- Pakistan

⁴National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁵Department of Animal Nutrition, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar- Pakistan

⁶ Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar.

⁷Institute of development study, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan

⁸ College of Veterinary Sciences and AH Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan

sadeeq@awkum.edu.pk

Abstract: Infected nomad-animals may transmit pathogens of highly contagious diseases such as Foot and Mouth diseases (FMD), Pest dis Petits Ruminants (PPR), and Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) etc. to remote areas. In the current study, we collected serosurviellance and retrospective data, between June 2013 and April 2014, of nomad-animals that migrate between North of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and southern border areas of Afghanistan. Of these unvaccinated nomad-herds, 500 blood samples; 250 from sheep and 250 from goats, were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against PPR virus using Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbant assays; while, 100 blood samples; 50 from cattle and 50 from buffaloes, were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against FMD virus using 3-ABC-ELISA assay. Finally, nasal swabs from 60 pneumonia-suspected sheep and goats were processed for mycoplasma isolation. Our results indicated that 54.4 % of goats and 29.6 % of sheep samples were seropositive for PPR, 12 % of buffaloes and 20 % of cattle were seropositive for FMD and 18.33 % samples from sheep and goats were cultured positive for mycoplasma. Morbidity and mortality due to CCPP was as high as 92 % and 12.5 % due to CCPP, 52.5 % and 0 % in cattle due to FMD and75.5 % and 0 % in buffaloes, respectively. Notably, our retrospective data revealed 0 % morbidity and mortality due to PPR. Altogether, data indicate that nomad-animals have been exposed to emerging diseases and that they might be a source of epidemic for areas they migrate.

[Farman Ali, Hamayun Khan, Shakoor Ahmed, Muhammad Athar Khan, Muhammad Hasan Raza, Muhammad Abuakar, Nazir Ahmed Khan, Zia Ullah Mahmood, Naushad Khan and Sadeeq ur Rahman. Nomad-Animals Are Associated With Exposure To Emerging Diseases Pathogens. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):84-89]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.09.

Keywords: nomad- animal, emerging and contagious diseases, FMD, PPR, CCPP

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[Life Sci J 2016;13(9):90-97]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.10.

 Withdrawn

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Conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) for drug addiction and its affects among teen agers in SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia), Malaysia

Mohammad Hannan Mia¹, Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit¹, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah¹, Fariza Md Sham¹, Abd Ghafar Hj Don¹, Zainab Ismail¹, Nowshad Amin².

¹ Department of Da’wah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

² Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and built environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

dr.hanan@ukm.edu.my

Abstract: This study seeks to identify the conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) and its effects with a view justifying this treatment among teenagers at SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia) in Malaysia. It is because of trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) for drug addiction problem among drug addicts in Malaysia by representing trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) from SIDIM. A total of 120 trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) s in SIDIM were randomly selected for this study. The survey also shows the descriptive analysis which proved overall faith and worship practices among them (Muslim trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM). Among them have a lower average level of faith (2:59) and religious (2.66), while the morals of trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) have a restrained stage of meaning (3.18). The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant effect between religious faith practices (r =.731, p <0.01), worship (r =.737, p <0.01), and morals (r =.691, p <0.01) with the religious achievement of Muslim trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM).

[Mohammad Hannan Mia, Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah, Fariza Md Sham, Abd Ghafar Hj Don, Zainab Ismail, Nowshad Amin. Conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) for drug addiction and its affects among teen agers in SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia), Malaysia. Life Sci J 2016;13(9):98-104]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj130916.11.

Keywords: Islamic Treatment, Drug addiction, Character, Etiquette, Effects of Islamic treatment.

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