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The Interplay between Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis

Nanees F. El-Malkey¹, Walid M. RedaAshour², Mohammed E. Mohammed Mahdy², Heba A. Elsayed Mohamed³, Ahmed M. Ahmed Moussa⁴

Departments of ¹Physiology, ²Neurology, ³Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Department of ⁴Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

nanees_fouad@yahoo.com, walidashour@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with a heterogeneous pathology and clinical outcomes. Chronic inflammatory processes characterizing MS is claimed to be linked to systemic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). Aim: To assess the metabolic changes in MS patients and their relation to liver function. Patient and method: This case-control study included 30 individuals. They were divided into 2 equal sex and age matched subgroups; MS and control groups. For each group, lipid profile, glucose, insulin levels, HOMA-IR indices, aminotransferases, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Brain MRI and abdominal ultrasonography were done. Results: there was a significant elevation in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, CRP associated with dyslipidemia in MS group. However, there was no difference in aminotransferases levels between groups. Abdominal US revealed fatty liver in 66.7% of patient group vs 13.3% in control group. Conclusion: Inflammatory process and IR in MS patient is associated with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

[Nanees F. El-Malkey, Walid M. Reda Ashour, Mohammed E. Mohammed Mahdy, Heba A. Elsayed Mohamed, Ahmed M. Ahmed Moussa. The Interplay between Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):1-11]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.01.

Key words: multiple sclerosis, insulin resistance, NAFLD, inflmmation

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Clinical Pharmacy Services in Jeddah Hospitals: Evaluating Current Situation

Abdulrahman Al-Ahdal and Hussam I. Kutbi

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

hkutbi1@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the current clinical pharmacy services in government and private hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Design and methods: A questionnaire was developed, composed of indicators for evaluating clinical pharmacy services recommended by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) guideline and American Collage of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP). The questioner is composed of five sections: staffing, policy and procedure, drug information services, drug distribution and delivery and finally optimization of medication therapy. Pharmacy director(s) or his\her designee were interviewed by a pharmacy intern to answer the questions. Result: The Study included 19 hospitals in the governorate of Jeddah. The total number of clinical pharmacist was 41 pharmacists serving a total of 4697 beds. Lack of documentation of pharmacists’ intervention was a major problem, since (26.3%) of our visited hospitals did not have sufficient documentation system although they had pharmacists. In this study only (26.3%) of hospitals had electronic transmission system for prescriptions, and (31.5%) had electronic formulary system. Most hospitals had efficient drug distribution system and (63.1 %) had both unit doses and floor stocks. Intravenous admixtures were not efficient in most hospital, (26.3%) had TPN preparation while (42.1%) prepare sterile IV product in the pharmacy, and only (47.3%) of hospitals had a unit dose repackaging system. The majority of hospitals (94.7%) allowed pharmacist to review patient profile. Some hospitals (57.8%) had a drug use evaluation (DUE) system, the remaining lack this important part of the clinical pharmacy practice and only 5 (26.3%) had drug information services. Conclusion: Although the majority of the hospitals attained the minimum criteria for clinical pharmacy services, these services are still insufficient or inefficient to be acceptable. Pharmacist should have expanded role as drug information provider and the number of practicing clinical pharmacist should be increased. Hospital administrators should lead pharmacy practice toward the clinical and patient care practice.

[Abdulrahman Al-Ahdal and Hussam I. Kutbi. Clinical Pharmacy Services in Jeddah Hospitals: Evaluating Current Situation. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):12-19]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.02.

Keywords: Clinical Pharmacy, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Pharmacy, Pharmacy Services

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Comparative Mycological Assay on Prevalence of Yeasts, Molds and Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in Some Fermented Milk Products in Alexandria, Egypt

Eman Khalifa¹ and Mohammad Nossair²

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Matrouh branch, Egypt

²Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt

khalifa.eman@alexu.edu.eg

Abstract: Fermented milk; rayeb and yoghurt; harbored a high risk of spoilage by yeasts and molds; as they were able to grow in a broad range of pH environments; as well as by aflatoxin M1 (AFM₁) which is a hepatic carcinogenic metabolite, those fungi introduced into these milk products as contamination during the milking process followed by no heat treatment or as recontamination after the heat treatment leading not only to product spoilage but also to very serious illnesses and food poisoning. A total of 120 random samples of locally manufactured fermented milks including; 40 samples of rayeb milk (plain and sterilized; 20 each), 40 samples of plain yoghurt and 40 samples of stirred yoghurt (20 strawberry and 20 peach yoghurt) were purchased from vendors in their retail containers as sold to the public in Alexandria governorate, Egypt, during the period extended from December, 2015 till February, 2016. Samples subjected to mycological analysis including counting, isolation and identification of yeasts and molds beside determination of Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) mycotoxin in a total number of 15 rayeb and yoghurt samples by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) for the detection of AFM₁, that were divided into 3 samples from each of plain rayeb milk and yoghurt, sterilized rayeb milk, strawberry and peach yoghurt. It was recorded that the mean value of yeasts count were8.12×10⁵± 3.10×10² and 7.04× 10⁵± 2.13×10²CFU/ml for plain and sterilized rayeb, respectively. On the other hand, the mean value of molds count were4.45 × 10⁵± 2.14 × 10² and 3.53 × 10⁵± 2.45 × 10² CFU/ml for plain and sterilized rayeb, respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained results clarified that there was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in mean values of yeasts and molds counts of the examined samples of plain and sterilized rayeb and means values of yeast count was higher than that mean values of molds count. Also,it was found that the mean values of yeasts count in the examined samples of plain yoghurt, sterilized strawberry yoghurt and sterilized peach yoghurt were8.37 × 10⁵ ± 2.4 × 10², 7.23 × 10⁵ ± 2.55 ×10² and 7.40 × 10⁵± 3.52 × 10² CFU/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the mean values of molds count in the examined samples of plain yoghurt, sterilized strawberry yoghurt and sterilized peach yoghurt were 3.09 × 10⁵ ± 1.5 × 10², 3.83 × 10⁵ ±1.77 × 10² and 3.42 × 10⁵± 3.41 × 10² CFU/ml. Mycological identification revealed the isolation of serious health threats pathogens from examined fermented milk products as Aspergillu sflavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillusnige, Candida albicans and others. In addition, Aflatoxin M₁ was determined in plain and sterilized rayeb at the rate of 11.0 ± 1.39 and 0.020 ±0.003 mg/kg, respectively, while itwas determined in plain yoghurt, sterilized strawberry yoghurt and sterilized peach yoghurt at the rate of 20.0 ± 3.69, 0.042 ± 0.006 and 0.007 ± 0.0001 mg/kg, respectively with a significant difference (P≤0.05) among different examined samples that highlighted the possible adverse cumulative effect of AFM1 by consuming suchcontaminated products. According to the Egyptian Standards, it was noticed that all of the examined samples of rayeb and yoghurt in the current study failed to comply with the Egyptian Standards that constitutes a high risk health hazard to consumers so safety measures should be considered to avoid potential threats and educational programs should be applied for producers as well as HACCP system (Hazard analysis and critical control point) to prevent or at least reduce contamination by these pathogens and to apply strict hygienic measures during production, storage and distribution of the fermented milk products.

[Eman Khalifa and Mohammad Nossair. Comparative Mycological Assay on Prevalence of Yeasts, Molds and Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in Some Fermented Milk Products in Alexandria, Egypt. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):20-29]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.03.

Key words: Yeasts – Molds – AFM1 – ELIZA – Rayeb- Yoghurt

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The Effect of Early Feeding and Feed Additives on Lymphoid Organs, Intestinal Microbiology and Meat Peroxidation of Broiler

Yahya Sabah Abdulameer^1,2, Mehrdad Modirsanei^1*, Mohammad Mehdi Kiaei¹, Behzad Mansoori¹, Mohsen Farkhoy¹

¹:Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq.

E-mail: yha_sabir@yahoo.com

*Correspondence to: Mehrdad Modirsanei, E-mail: Abdulameer@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Early feeding of newly hatched chicks may improve immunity system and intestinal development. This trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of immediate access to nutritional supplement post hatch and feed additives on lymphoid organs, meat stability and gut microbiology of broiler chicks under commercial condition. A total of 1200 male chicks were allotted according to two group in hatchery: Fed groups received early feeding (Vitagel^®) during transport until 24 hours post hatch and deprived groups were restricted within transport box for 24 hours post hatch without Vitagel^®. In farm, the birds divided into negative control (basal diet) and positive control (Availmycin as antibiotic; Bacillus subtillis as probiotic, and Bioherbal^® as medicinal plants. When broiler chicks were fed immediately post hatch decreased detrimental bacteria (Clostrodium Spp and E.Coli) (P<0.05).The friendly bacteria (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) were not changed (P<0.05). Feed additives showed significantly reduced (p<0.001) detrimental bacteria and increased friendly bacteria (p<0.05). The interactive effect between early feeding supplement and feed additives affected intestinal microbiology (P<0.01) through increasing friendly bacteria and reducing detrimental bacteria. At market age, Immediate access to feed increased meat peroxidation (MAD) of broiler chicks in fresh samples (at one day of chilling -18⁰C) and stored sample (at 30day of chilling -18⁰C (P<0.05), while feed additives had the similar effect. Interactive effects was observed for meat stability (P<0.05). In conclusion, early feeding by Vitagel^® may be suitable for broiler chicks that exposure to nutritional and hatchery stresses.

[Yahya Sabah Abdulameer, Mehrdad Modirsanei, Mohammad Mehdi Kiaei, Behzad Mansoori, Mohsen. The Effect of Early Feeding and Feed Additives on Lymphoid Organs, Intestinal Microbiology and Meat Peroxidation of Broiler. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):30-40]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.04.

Key word: Initial period, nutritional supplement, Broiler meat Stability

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Effect of N-Acetylcystiene on maternal serum interleukin-8 in pregnant women with History of Idiopathic Preterm Labor

Mohammed G. Nasr¹; Mahmoud S. Rady¹; Walid A. Ayyad¹; Khattab AO. Khattab¹; Mekky A. Ali²; Samia M. Eid¹

¹Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University New Damietta Egypt

² Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt

mohammed.30028@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Oxidative stress was proposed to play a role in pathophysiology of prematurity. N-acetylcysteine had been hypothesized to have preventive role on prematurity. Aim of the work: to study the effect of N-acetylcystiene in prevention of idiopathic preterm labor. Patients and methods: it was an clinical longitudinal prospective observational study conducted in Obstetrics & Gynecology department, Al-Azhar University hospital, New Damietta at the period from January to December 2015. It included 50 Pregnant women with previous history of idiopathic preterm labor. All included Pregnant women were submitted to: 1) Careful history taking, clinical examination and investigations. IL-8 was measured before administration of N-acetylcystiene. Then, each patient received daily dose of 0.6 g of NAC in oral effervescent from. The duration of NAC administration extended from 24 to 36 weeks’ gestation. All females were followed up for nausea, vomiting, and other side effects of (NAC), after the end of treatment course, we take another blood sample at 36^th weeks’ gestation to measure IL-8 after N-acetylcystiene administration. Finally, all pregnant women followed up to labor and pregnancy outcomes were documented. Results: Five Pregnant women (10%) discontinued taking NAC owing to nausea, vomiting, headache and low blood pressure, 45 pregnant women which continued taking NAC, in whom there were a highly statistical significant deference between Value of IL-8 before NAC administration at 24 weeks with after 36 weeks when (p-value was <0.001) and mean±SD 0.89±0.66 At 24 weeks while At 36 weeks after NAC administration was 0.39±0.56. Conclusion: Using N-acetylcysteine in preventing preterm labor by affection on IL-8 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine could potentially be clinically useful in the management of preterm labor. As it is a simple, well-tolerated and inexpensive agent.

[Mohammed G. Nasr; Mahmoud S. Rady; Walid A. Ayyad; Khattab AO. Khattab; Mekky A. Ali; Samia M. Eid. Effect of N-Acetylcystiene on maternal serum interleukin-8 in pregnant women with History of Idiopathic Preterm Labor. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):41-45]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.05.

Keywords: prematurity, cytokines, oxidative stress

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Monitoring of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Gastropods from Suez Gulf, Red Sea

Ahmad M. Azab¹; Walaa M. Shaban¹; Mona S. Zaki²; Mohammad M. N. Authman² and Mostafa F. Abdel Zaher²

¹ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Egypt.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: In order to evaluate the petroleum hydrocarbons pollution level in the Suez Gulf, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (ALHs) were detected and quantified in marine sediments and four gastropod species including; Cellana rota, Nerita sanguinolenta, Echinolittorina marsrubri and Cerithium caeruleum. The sediment and gastropods samples were collected from three different studying sites from the Suez gulf during autumn 2013. ∑PAHs of the Suez gulf sediment ranged from 772.18 to 1189.3 µg/g (dry weight) with an average of 719 µg/g (dry weight). However, in gastropod species samples; ∑PAHs ranged from 12.36 to 29.01 µg/g with an average of 20.04 µg/g (wet weight) , and  in which ∑PAHs seems dependents on PAHs levels in the environment more than their ability on the depuration of PAHs, this is due to the correlations between such paired values across different study sites. Unlike the sediments (which contain all 16 identified PAHs), only 13 individual PAHs values were detected in all gathered gastropod samples. The BaA/CHR and Flu/Pyr ratios in sediment PAHs patterns indicating the petrogenic source of PAHs in all sampling sites. Concerning the aliphatic petroleum quantification, ∑ALHs of the Suez gulf sediment ranged from 392.19 to 568.62 µg/g (dry weight) with an average of 505.72 µg/g (dry weight). In gastropod species samples, ∑ALHs ranged from 9.07 to 27.04 µg/g with an average of 12.86 µg/g (wet weight). It seems relatively depending on the ability of gastropod species to metabolize the aliphatic compounds tend to accumulate inside their tissues. Unlike the sediments (which contain all 17 identified ALHs (C14-C30) only 15 individual PAHs values were detected in all gathered gastropod samples. The (LMW/HMW) ratios in the sediment ALHs patterns suggested that ALHs in the Suez Gulf attributed to the contamination from a petroleum source. The results of the ∑PAHs and ∑ALHs levels in different size-groups for each single gastropod species showed a significance regression between gastropod size and their hydrocarbons contents. Individual PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.14 to 187.80 µg/g dry weight and from 0.75 to 14.32 µg/g wet weight (for detected PAHs) in gastropods. While Individual ALHs concentrations ranged from 4.57 to 64.78 µg/g dry weight in sediment and from 0.36 to 10.11 µg/g wet weight (for detected ALHs) in gastropods.     

[Ahmad M. Azab; Walaa M. Shaban; Mona S. Zaki; Mohammad M. N. Authman and Mostafa F. Abdel Zaher. Monitoring of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Gastropods from Suez Gulf, Red Sea. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):46-59]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.06.

Key words: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and aliphatic hydrocarbons (ALHs); gastropod sediment; and Suez Gulf.

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Preliminary assessment of bacteria and fungi associated with the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and its habitat along Thondi Coast

Beema Mahin Muhammad Iqbal, Saravanan Rajendiran and Sugumar Vasudevan*

Department of Oceanography & Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi-623 409. Tamil Nadu, India

crustacealab@gmail.com

Abstract: The increase of the contamination of seawater and sea foods due to human excreta and waste disposal has become a major threat. In the present investigation, about 12 species of bacteria and 3 species of fungi were isolated from the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and its habitat along the coast of Thondi, Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, India. Morphological and biochemical characterization tests were employed to identify the microorganisms. The bacterial strains were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Aeromonas spp and Serratia spp. The fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. The present study will be beneficial to assess the safety of the blue swimmer crab consumption on the basis of the microorganisms associated with it. And this will pave the way for safety precautions to be taken to avoid sea food contamination.

[Beema Mahin Muhammad Iqbal, Saravanan Rajendiran and Sugumar Vasudevan. Preliminary assessment of bacteria and fungi associated with the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and its habitat along Thondi Coast. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):60-65]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.07.

Keywords: Marine bacteria; Marine Fungi; Microbial contamination

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Graphic Design using Cartesian Geometric Transformation Based STEM Education

Nisakorn Sangwaranatee¹, Krissada Suraprap¹, Nuttapong Wattanasiripong² and Preecha Yupapin^{3, 4}

^1. Information Mathematics Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand; E-mail: Nisakorn.su@ssru.ac.th

^2. Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University, Pathumthani13180, Thailand; E-mail: Nuttapong@vru.ac.th

^3. Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton DucThang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

^4. Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, E-mail: preecha.yu@kmitl.ac.th

Abstract: This paper presents the use of STEM education concept of the research in mathematics for textile design, where firstly the nature of the problem is proposed by using the scientific concept, then the technology is formed in terms of a graphic design, the mathematic concern is interpreted, finally, the use of the design is used to form the pattern for engineering usage, where the Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP) is a tool to design artworks from Cartesian coordinate products. The simple mathematic formation is given and described. The objective of this work is the use of the STEM technique for graphics design based on the Cartesian geometric transformation. The obtained result has shown that the Cartesian product is set in the square, converging segment, the Kaleidoscopic and circular grids by using the geometric transformations, which are rotation, reflection and translation. By using the GSP scan for modifying the grid size, color and pattern, the created geographic figures and many more beautiful patterns can be obtained for the required applications.

[Sangwaranatee N, Suraprap K, Wattanasiripong N and Yupapin P. Graphic Design using Cartesian Geometric Transformation Based STEM Education. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):66-71]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.08.

Keywords: STEM education; graphic design; artesian product; geometric transformation, geometer sketchpad (GSP)

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Ultrasound Mediated Lower Abdominal Aorta Balloon Block on Research and Application of Timing of Surgery in Pernicious Placenta Previa during Childbirth

Kaili Yang¹, Ziran Zhang², Baoju Zhu¹*, Huaijie Zhu¹*

^1. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the 2^nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jing Ba Road #2, Zhengzhou, China, 450014

^2. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997

Emails：zhubaojv@163.com , jacksun689@gmail.com; Tel.: 011-86-135-2660-2701; 011-86-150-3711-5732

Abstract: Objective: Study on ultrasound mediated lower abdominal aorta balloon block application in timing of pernicious placenta previa during childbirth. Method: 19 pernicious placenta previa patients, those were from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during the September 2015 to April 2016. 10 patients were randomly selected as the childbirth before group, another 9 patients was randomly selected as the childbirth after group that the two groups respectively before and after on the delivery of the fetus to apply the ultrasound mediated lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion. Were compared between the two groups of blood loss, intraoperative blood products and the use of special oxytocic drugs and neonatal Apgar immediately scores and maternal and child outcome efficacy index. Results: The amount of bleeding during operation on the childbirth before group was less than the childbirth after group with a statistical significance (t=－4.956, P=0.001); the blood transfusion rate and special promoting uterine contraction drugs usage effects on the childbirth before group was less than the childbirth after group with a statistical significance (P=0.020, P=0.005); the neonatal Apgar immediately score on the childbirth before group were higher than the childbirth after group with a statistical significance（Z=－2.289，P=0.022）；the rate of safety and well in mother and infant on the childbirth before group is higher than the childbirth after group significantly （Z=－3.426，P=0.001）. Conclusion: The preferred time of ultrasound mediated lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion in the pernicious placenta Previa cesarean section is on the before delivery.

[Yang K, Zhang Z, Zhu B, Zhu H. Ultrasound Mediated Lower Abdominal Aorta Balloon Block on Research and Application of Timing of Surgery in Pernicious Placenta Previa during Childbirth. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):72-78]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.09.

Keywords: ultrasound mediated; placenta Previa; lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion; delivery; production; Apgar immediately scores

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Variation in Carotenoid Content across Different Bitter Melon Cultivars

Sang Won Lee¹, Jae Kwang Kim², Md. Romij Uddin³, Pham Anh Tuan³, Yeon Bok Kim³, Young Seon Kim⁴, Mi Young Lee^4,* and Sang Un Park^3*

¹Herbal Crop Research Team, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 369-873, Korea

²National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea

³Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

⁴ TKM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group Researcher, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea

mylee@kiom.re.kr and supark@cnu.ac.kr

Abstract: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae is traditionally used as a medicinal herb because of its anti-HIV, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor properties. Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments that accumulate in the plastids of leaves, flowers, and fruits and play important roles in many physiological processes in plants. In humans, some carotenoids are essential nutrients, whereas others have protective effects against several diseases. In this study, nine different bitter melon cultivars collected from Japan and the Philippines were analyzed to distinguish the levels of three different carotenoids, i.e., lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The carotenoid content varied significantly among the cultivars. In general, the carotenoid content in the cultivars from the Philippines was higher than that in the ones from Japan, with the highest content found in Galaxy from the Philippines and the lowest content found in the cultivar Kyushu from Japan. The levels of lutein in the Galaxy cultivar were 2.9 and 2.8 times higher than those in Kyushu and Trident 357 cultivars, respectively. The cultivar Galaxy contained 3.7, 3.1, and 3.0-fold higher α-carotene and 3.9, 2.9 and 2.8 times higher β-carotene than those in Kyushu, Sta.Rita Strain. L., and Peacock, respectively. The results of our analysis suggest that the bitter melon cultivar Galaxy could potentially be used as a source of carotenoid.

[Lee SW, KIM JK, UDDIN MR, KIM YS, Lee MY, Park SU. Variation in Carotenoid Content across Different Bitter Melon Cultivars. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):79-82]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.10.

Keywords: Bitter melon; Carotenoid; Cultivars; Geographical location

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Yield of MRA screening of ADPKD young patients for intracranial aneurysms

Mahmoud Farid Bathalla¹, Hosam Eldeen Mostafa Ali², Khaled Esam Fawaz³

¹Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

³Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

faridneuro@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) correlates with an increased frequency of intracranial aneurysms (ICANs). The objective of the current study is to assess the utility of screening of ADPKD young adult patients less than 30-years-age group for intracranial aneurysms. Methods: 60 ADPKD Arabic young patients<30 year-age underwent screening for ICANs with non-contrast 3D Time-of-Flight MR angiography (MRA) of the intracranial arteries. Results: ICANs aneurysms prevalence in the study population was 5%. The depicted three aneurysms were followed up for 18months and showed no significant interval size or morphologic variation and required no neurosurgical intervention for present. No new aneurysms developed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in the study group was larger than that previously reported in the general population. The aneurysms were small and showed no significant interval size or morphologic variation on follow-up for 18 months. MRA is a non-invasive screening modality. Screening MRA should be considered especially in patients with positive family history of intracranial aneurysms or subarachnoid hemorrhage to avoid serious devastating squeal. Follow-up is advocated in case of depicted aneurysm regardless of its size.

[Mahmoud Farid Bathalla, Hosam Eldeen Mostafa Ali and Khaled Esam Fawaz. Yield of MRA screening of ADPKD young patients for intracranial aneurysms. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):83-90]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.11.

Key words: intracranial aneurysm, ADPKD, MRI

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Development and Application of SAPR Software for Computer Aided Safety and Productivity Measurement in the Cement Industry

Ibrahim K. Mohamed^{1, 2}, Hani I. Shafeek^{1, 3}, Mohammed Aman¹

¹Faculty of Engineering at Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, KSA

²Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

³Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

hanishafeek@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper presents a procedure for assessing safety and labor productivity using a computer-aided analysis system. The software system for safety and productivity, named SAPR, was developed based on labor working time, hazard analysis, and factors affecting productivity. The developed software consists of three major models - hazard identification, occupational illnesses, and labor productivity - connected through correlated linkage technique which is coded using Microsoft Access and Visual C#. In order to verify the integrated model, SAPR went through several tests and user evaluations for the various parameters depending on the type of industry. The software was then validated by data collected from the cement industry. The novelty of SAPR is that it can be used to assess the various workplace hazards and simultaneously measure labor productivity while providing information on injuries and occupational illnesses. This computer-aided approach provides a comprehensive analysis of workplaces depending on the type of industry.

[Ibrahim K. Mohamed, Hani I. Shafeek, Mohammed Aman. Development and Application of SAPR Software for Computer Aided Safety and Productivity Measurement in the Cement Industry. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):91-98]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.12.

Keywords: Safety, labor productivity, workplace injury, occupational health, hazard identification, cement industry, SAPR

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Experimental study on the protective effect of embryonic stem cell transplantation on immune and hematopoietic function in tumor chemotherapy

Yansong Zhang, Xiao Hao, Wei Sun, Huaijie Zhu ^*

Central Laboratory, the 2^nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China Email: jacksun689@gmail.com, Telephone: 011-86-150-3711-5732

Abstract: Objective: To study the effects of embryonic stem cell transplantation (EST) on bone marrow hematopoietic function inhibition, cell immune function inhibition and organ toxicity in mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Method: 40 Wistar rats；Subcutaneous inoculation of W256 tumor sarcoma cells in the right armpit and divided for four groups, with 10 rats in each group; (1) Physiological saline control group (NS); (2) Cyclophosphamide treatment group (CTX); (3) Embryonic stem cell transplantation group (EST); (4) After cyclophosphamide therapy with the use of embryonic stem cell transplantation group (CTX+EST). Results: (1) With cyclophosphamide (i.p.30mg / kg/day x 5 day) chemotherapy, animal peripheral hemogram with chemotherapy compared to before, the white blood cell count and net woven red blood cell count and hemoglobin content decreased significantly respectively (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001); The total positive rate of lymphocyte ANAE and the percentage of ANAE were decreased respectively (P<0.001 and P<0.05); Peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA stimulation induced proliferation response reduction (P<0.05) and thymus weight loss (P<0.001); (2) After 4 days of embryonic stem cell migration (i.v. 4x107/200g/), white blood cell count and red blood cell count were significantly increased in EST CTX group (P<0.001 and P<0.01) respectively; The amount of hemoglobin has a rising trend; EST group in peripheral blood had no obvious change; CTX EST group the thymus weight was restored (P<0.01). The effect of embryonic stem cell transplantation on phagocytic function of neutrophil and the proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA was not obvious. After the transplantation of embryonic stem cells, the ³H-TdR content of bone marrow hematopoietic cells of EST group and CTX+EST group, the total positive rate of lymphocyte ANAE and the percentage of ANAE were higher than that of NS group CTX. There was no significant difference in average tumor weight between the CTX group and the E CTX +EST group (P>0.05), and the tumor inhibition rate was 81.5% and 82%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average tumor weight between the EST group and the NS group too. Conclusion: (1) EST promote cyclophosphamide chemotherapy after peripheral hemogram and recovery of function, but the normal blood but no obvious effect; (2) EST has stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells; (3) the effect of EST on the percentage of ANAE positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the percentage of point like ANAE lymphocytes induced by cyclophosphamide chemotherapy; (4) EST can promote the recovery of thymus weight after cyclophosphamide chemotherapy; (5) EST does not affect the anti-tumor effect of cyclophosphamide on W250 sarcoma of rats, and it does not inhibit the tumor itself.

[Zhang Y, Hao X, Sun W, Ma H, Zhu H. Experimental study on the protective effect of embryonic stem cell transplantation on immune and hematopoietic function in tumor chemotherapy. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):99-108]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.13.

Keywords: embryonic stem cell transplantation; tumor chemotherapy; bone marrow haematopoietic function; cyclophosphamide; W256; cellular immune function

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Evaluation of dacarbazine cytological effects  by using bee glue (propolis) in vitro to manifest the scientific miracles in the Quran 

Lina Abdul-Fattah Kurdi  and Fatimah Aliyan Aljeddani

Department of Biology "Zoology", Faculty of Sciences - Al Faisaliah- King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box. 4938, Jeddah 21412, KSA. dr.lina_kurdi@hotmail.com 

Abstract: The aimed of the present study to assess the potential therapeutic effect of propolis treatment Which is a natural bee products and it has a healing properties compared to treatment with a dacarbazine(DTIC) as one of the drugs used in the treatment of many tumors cells in vitro . Breast cancer cell lines were used in vitro studies, they were divided into four main groups, control. Propolis treated group, that farther divided into three sub-groups and received propolis in a concentrations of 50µg/ml , 100µg/ml , 200µg/ml. Dacarbazine treated group, that divided into three sub- groups and received dacarbazine in a concentrations of 50µg/ml , 100µg/ml , 200µg/ml. The 4^th group that received the dual treatment of dacarbazine and propolis in the same concentrations as the 2^nd and 3^rd groups. All groups were investigated after inculpation for 48 and 72 hours.. It could be concluded the protective effects of propolis against the adverse effects of dacarbazine. It could be recommended to use the propolis as adjuvant with chemotherapeutic agents.

[Lina Abdul-Fattah Kurdi, Fatimah Aliyan Aljeddani. Evaluation of dacarbazine cytological effects by using bee glue (propolis) in vitro to manifest the scientific miracles in the Quran.] Life Sci J 2016;13(7):109-126]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.14.

Key Words: Propolis, Dacarbazine, Breast cancer cell lines, Apoptosis

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Sb(III)–Quercetin Complex：Synthesis, Characterization And Antioxidant Activity

Lei Tong¹, Jingliang Zhang¹, Qiuwei Liu², Guangyu Zhai^2,3

^1.Medical College, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451100, China

^2.Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451100, China

^3.Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

zhaiguangyu@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract：Sb(III)–quercetin complex was synthesized by the raw material of quercetin and antimony ion at room temperature. The structure of the complex was characterized by UV-vis., IR, ¹H NMR, HPIC and thermal analysis. The antioxidant activity of the complex was evaluated by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the antioxidant activity of quercetin was better than the complex.

[Lei Tong, Jingliang Zhang, Qiuwei Liu, Guangyu Zhai. Sb(III)–Quercetin Complex：Synthesis, Characterization And Antioxidant Activity. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):127-133]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.15.

Keywords: quercetin, Sb(III)–quercetin complex, synthesis, antioxidant activity

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