Welcome to send your manuscript to: lifesciencej@gmail.com

No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents and Ranking of Sites Severity: A Case Study of EL Minia / Beni-suef Eastern Desert and Agricultural Roads, Egypt

Ibrahim M. I. Ramadan¹, Naglaa kamal Rashwan²

¹Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Banha University, Cairo, Egypt

²Civil Engineering Department, Industrial Education College, Beni-Suef, Egypt

E-mail: nmkrash@yahoo.com, i_ramadan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Road traffic accident is a massive health hazard in Egypt and all over the world. Also, Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. Available funds are insufficient to solve problems in all accident locations at the same time. Consequently, accident locations need to be ranked according to its severity for best allocation of available funds to repair the most severe locations. El Minia-Beni suif east and Agriculture roads are of the roads that have a highly repetition of accidents. This study compares between accident characteristics on both roads. In addition, areas of high accident occurrence are ranked according to its severity. Accident data on both roads is abstained from General Authority of Roads, Bridges and Land transport (GARBLT) for the period from 2010-2014. Analysis proved that Agriculture road has the major part of accidents, death and injuries. The maximum number of accidents on both roads occurs at kilometers between 20 and 30. The road section length of highly accident location on both roads is divided into subsections with length 2 km. These subsections are ranked according to its severity using the accident weight methodology. Accident weight is estimated using the economic cost of death, injury and property damage. Black spots are determined using Critical Crash Rate approach. Analysis proved that two locations on the study area can be considered as black spots. One on each road at the same km (24-26) is considered as a black spot. The present study recommends starting modifications with these two black spots sites then other locations according to its rank of severity. Also, the research recommends that the methodology introduced in should be used on all Egyptian roads.

[Ibrahim M. I. Ramadan and Naglaa kamal Rashwan. Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents and Ranking of Sites Severity: A Case Study of EL Minia / Beni-suef Eastern Desert and Agricultural Roads, Egypt. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):1-7]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.01

Keywords: traffic accident, Black spots, Critical Crash Rate, Sites Severity Ranking

Full Text

1

2

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Nano Layer by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Badr Y.A.^a, M. I. Youssif^b,*, Tharwat El-Sherbini^c, and D. Hassan ^a

^(a) Department of Laser Interaction with Matter, NILES, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

^(b) Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt

^(c) Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

^*youssifm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique based on femtosecond (f.s.) provide with 2 amplifiers was used to fabricate nano layer of YBCO thin superconducting films on a quartz substrate. A femtosecond laser contains to Ti: sapphire crystal is pumped by 2^nd harmonic of Nd:YLF laser at 523 nm. The femtosecond laser was focused on a rotating target and was made incident on the target surface at an angle of 45°. The substrate temperature was kept at 400°C and the films were deposited in vacuum and in the presence of pure oxygen at a pressure (P_O2) of 5.5×10^-5 Torr using turbo molecular pump. In the present study, we have varied the distance from the target to the substrate (d_T-S) in order to improve the film quality. As a result, we have achieved both of high quality films and the uniformity in deposition rate under the optimized condition of d_T-S = 70 mm. Nano-layer of superconducting films are identified as Y₂Ba₅Cu₇O_x and Y₂Ba₄Cu₈O_20-x, respectively, as revealed by XRD and EDX measurements. Thickness of the films was measured by Fizeau interference (FI) technique at reflection and found to be~150 nm with a deposition time of 10 min. Atomic force microscope scans, recorded in a tapping mode, of Y₂Ba₄Cu₈O_20-x thin film surface shows that the film start to have some atomic arrangements after laser ablation treatment with grain size of 100-300 nm. Resistivity measurements for the target superconductor Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_6.96 revealed a transition temperature T_c^onset = 90 K with a transition width ∆T_c = 2.0 K and the zero resistance is achieved at T_c(0) = 88 K. The Raman spectra of YBCO indicate that the five z-polarized Raman phonons exist. The electrical and structural studies of the polycrystalline and PLD-YBCO nano-superconducting layer films were determined in details by employing structural x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic-force microscope (AFM), as well as the electrical resistance R(T) measurements. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain more information about texture, in particular oxygen content, the detection of foreign phases, and orientation of YBCO superconducting material. Finally, we have investigated the fluorescence of the films using an ultraviolet light source. By using PLD technique, we can fabricate films of nano superconducting layers with the same chemical structure as the target material. This information would be useful particularly in the fabrication of high Tc-device.

[Badr Y. A., M. I. Youssif, Tharwat El-Sherbini, and D. Hassan. Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Nano Layer by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):8-20]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.02

Index Terms: Pulsed laser deposition; Superconducting Nano-layer films; YBCO; SEM; AFM; Raman spectroscopy, Fluorescence

Full Text

2

3

Application of the Health Belief Model for Breast Cancer Screening and Implementation of Breast Self-Examination Educational Program for Female Students of Selected Medical and Non-Medical Faculties at Umm al Qura University"

Hoda Abed El-Azim Mohamed ^1,2, Youssreya Mohammed Ibrahim^1,3, Sahar Mansour Lamadah^1,4 and Manal Hassan Abo El-Magd^1,5

¹ Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al- Mukarramah, KSA

²Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, El Minia University, Egypt

³Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt

⁴Obstetric And Gynecological Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt

⁵Mental and Psychiatric Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, El Minia University, Egypt

Hoda.azim@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer has been considered as a major health problem among females because of its high incidence in recent years. BSE is one of the most important methods for early diagnosis of breast cancer. More than 90% of all breast cancers can be diagnosed in the early stage by BSE. The aim of this study was to identify female college students' breast cancer screening beliefs and practice based on the Health Belief Model, evaluate their compliance with breast cancer screening behaviors and implement a breast self-examination educational program for female college students. Subjects and methods: Quasi experimental research design was used. A convenient sample consisted of 600 students in the age group (18-21 years) were recruited from three medical and three non-medical faculties at Umm Al Qura University. A self-administered questionnaire, Champion’s Health Belief Model Constructs Scale (CHBMS) and an observation competency checklist for BSE were used to collect the data. Results: The present study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between medical and non-medical students regarding perceived susceptibility and perceived severity (P =0.30 and 0.75 respectively). However, there was a statistically significant difference between medical and non-medical students regarding perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action (motivation) and self-efficacy. In addition the study revealed that more than three quarters of students don’t perform breast self-examination. Statistically significant improvements in students’ knowledge and practice regarding breast self- examination were recorded in the post test. Good practice with positive attitudes regarding all domains of Health Believe Model increased after students had attended the educational program. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, there was a high percentage of students from each group that had unsatisfactory knowledge, negative attitude and poor practice regarding breast self-examination and breast cancer at pretest. The results of the present study also confirmed the positive effects of an educational program according to HBM on females’ knowledge, beliefs and practice regarding breast self-examination and breast cancer. The present study recommends that: Breast cancer awareness programs should be developed in universities on a regular basis and should focus on removing perceived barriers to screening and enhancing self-efficacy among female students. Policy makers should integrate breast cancer awareness programs in the routine programs provided in all healthcare centers. Attention should be paid to barriers to women undergoing mammography, such as costs, shame and accessibility. Target population awareness and positive attitudes towards benefits of early breast cancer screening should be increased.

[Hoda Abed El-Azim Mohamed, Youssreya Mohammed Ibrahim, Sahar Mansour Lamadah and Manal Hassan Abo El-Magd. Application of the Health Belief Model for Breast Cancer Screening and Implementation of Breast Self-Examination Educational Program for Female Students of Selected Medical and Non-Medical Faculties at Umm al Qura University. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):21-33]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.03

Key words: Breast Cancer– Breast Self-Examination- Health Belief Model

Full Text

3

4

Design Fabrics Suitable for Saddle Pad of Horse

Nahla Fawzy Ahmed

Spinning and Weaving Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt.

fawzynahla@yahoo.com

Abstract: Horses are sensitive animal and a poorly fitted saddle will causes the horse pain and eventually back problems leading to poor behavior and performance or resistance to work in competition horses. So the primary purpose of a saddle pad is to facilitate riding comfort for the horse, it eases the connection between the horse’s back and the hard surface of the saddle. This research aims to produce fabrics suitable for using as a horse saddle pad. Woven and non woven technique was used to produce 12 samples with triple layers. The non woven (outer layers) was produced by using polyester % (the upper surface) and semi blending between cotton and polyester (the lower surface). Whereas the lowers surface is facing the horse’s back and the upper surface is facing the hard surface of the saddle. The non woven layers made of polyester fibers (weight 1000, 650 gm/m2) for each layer having 6 den. and blending between cotton and polyester (weight 1000, 650 gm/m2) for each layer having 2 den. for cotton. Needle punching technique is using 500 beats/ min, depth of needle penetration (10, 12 and 14 mm). The woven layer (inner) was produced form 100% polyester yarns, warp and weft count was (900 den.) and 10 ends/ cm,14 picks/cm) with two weaving structure (regular hopsack 2/2 and twill 1/3). Tests are carried out to evaluate the products samples. The obtained test results are presented and discussed.

[Nahla Fawzy Ahmed. Design Fabrics Suitable for Saddle Pad of Horse. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):34-45]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.04

Key words: Hard saddle tree - horse’s back-pressure distribution- poor saddle fit- saddle- saddle pad

Full Text

4

5

Physical Demand, Fatigue and Shift Work in the Installation and Maintenance of Window Air-Conditioner Units

Abdulrahman M Basahel

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

ambasahel@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of the physical workload involved in manually lifting, repairing and maintaining window air conditioner units on perceived fatigue as well as the impact of shift work. The relationships among objective and subjective measures of perceived physical demand and fatigue in an actual heavy workload task setting were analyzed. The study considered 88 skilled male workers (aged 26–40) employed in window air-conditioner maintenance workshops. In this study, two objective measures were used, heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE), to evaluate the levels of energy required and fatigue. Subjective assessment tools were used, with the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) employed to rate perceived fatigue. The NASA-TLX subjective tool was used to evaluate the overall demand, whereas Borg-CR10 was used to measure the perceived physical demand. The results indicate that the HR and EE significantly increased when the workers lifted air-conditioner units, and the subjective assessment scores increased as well. Workers perceived the highest overall workload and fatigue levels during the night work shift, as reflected in the higher scores for the SOFI parameters during that shift. The correlations among objective and subjective measures were significant. The SOFI parameters (lack of energy and lack of exertion) and the NASA-TLX and Borg-CR10 measures were positively correlated with HR. EE was positively correlated with the SOFI parameters, except for the lack of motivation parameter, and the NASA-TLX and Borg-CR10 scales. Significant relationships among the subjective tools of the SOFI, NASA-TLX and Borg-CR10 scales were found. Therefore, the SOFI technique is a useful and valid method to evaluate fatigue levels in tasks performed in occupational work.

[Basahel A. M. Physical Demand, Fatigue and Shift Work in the Installation and Maintenance of Window Air-Conditioner Units. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):46-55]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.05

Keywords: Physical demand; perceived fatigue; shift work; window air conditioner lifting task

Full Text

5

6

An Unusual case of isolated trachea injury causing partial respiratory tract obstruction: A case report and Literature Review

Abdullateef Softah

Associate Professor, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Contact #: 0544336883; Email: softah2015@gmail.com; softah@gmail.com

Abstract: We are presenting a case of a isolated accidental bullet injury to trachea in a three year old child. The bullet was partially occluding the trachea, which was a challenge for inserting the endotracheal tube for maintaining the airway without causing the dislodgement and tracheal obstruction. Special care was observed for intubation. Then the patient was operated. During surgery the bullet was removed and the trachea was repaired.

[Abdullateef Softah. An Unusual case of isolated trachea injury causing partial respiratory tract obstruction: A case report and Literature Review. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):56-59]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.06

Key Words: Trachea, intubation, obstruction

Full Text

6

7

Thanking in Saudi Academic Emails

Nisrin A. Hariri ^{1, 2}

^1. School of English, University of Leicester, UK

^2. English Language Institute, King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia

nisrinhariri@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: This paper considers the pragmatic analysis of thanking by testing existing frameworks from interpersonal communication for rapport management (Spencer-Oatey, 2002) against a new dataset that comes from a computer mediated form of communication, namely emails gathered from educational exchanges between students and staff in a Saudi Arabian higher education context. The collected data consists of 140 emails. The thanking in the email were coded against Wong's (2010) framework of thanking. In order to explore their rapport potential, the participants were also interviewed. The key research questions which drive this study are: (1) How does the use of thanking or expressions of gratitiude vary according to the gender and role of the email sender? (2) How is rapport potential of thanking perceived by the participants in this study? The analysis showed that, although thanking in a Saudi context bears some similarity with thanking in other English contexts, there are some differences in the use, choice and form of thanking, but there are thanking phenomena in the data that have thus far not been accounted for. Likewise, while previous frameworks on thanking remain useful, they may need to be extended to cover more possible thanking expressions that may occur. Wong's (2010) framework in particular, when used in coding the Saudi academic email thanking, showed some limitations in accommodating the Saudi thanking expressions. Thus, it was essential to adopt it and do some modification on it, i.e. add one more thanking classification other thanking to make the system more flexible and capable of covering all the thanking strategies that occurred in the data. Wong's (2010) framework might also need to be extended by adding an additional classification that combine both classifications B and C, since the current study found that, in some occasions, it was hard to set boundaries between them. This proposed solution might help in overcoming this problem, through helping to provide a more accurate coding which may consequently be reflected on the accuracy of the results in a given study.

[Nisrin A. Hariri. Thanking in Saudi Academic Emails. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):60-72]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.07

Keywords: Thanking; expressions of gratitude; rapport; face; politeness.

Full Text

7

8

Factors Contributing to Burnout among Saudi Nurses and their Effect on Patients' Satisfaction at Makkah Al- Mukaramah Hospitals

Sahar M. Zaki^1,4, Lamiaa A. Elsayed^2,5 and Manal M. Ibrahim^3,6

¹Assistant Professor of Community Health Nursing, UmmAl- Qura University, KSA

²Associate Professor of Pediatric Nursing UmmAl- Qura University, KSA

³ Associate Professor of Nursing Administration at UmmAl- Qura University, KSA

⁴Lecturer of Community Health Nursing – Faculty of Nursing – Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

⁵Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing - Faculty of Nursing – Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

⁶Professor of Nursing Management - Faculty of Nursing - Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt

drsaharzaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome affecting individuals who work in caring professions, such as nurses and physicians that develops due to long term interpersonal stressors on the job. Burnout as a concept incorporates three components: low personal accomplishment (PA), Depersonalization (DP) and Emotional exhaustion (EE). Workload is an important factor that could lead to burnout. Aim: to explore factors contributing to burnout among Saudi nurses and their effect on patients' satisfaction. Research Design: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. Tools of Data collection: 1) Interviewing Patient's Satisfaction Questionnaire (IPSQ): It was adapted from Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS) used to measure the patients' satisfaction regarding nursing care provided.2) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) consisted of three parts: Part 1: Nurses' socio-demographic characteristics as regards their age in year, level of education. Part 2: Work Conditions contains 21 questions about her work condition. Part 3: Burnout Inventory consists of 22 items. Setting: The current study was conducted in five selected hospitals at Makkah Al- Mukaramah. Results: Revealed that, the majority of nurses (82.5 %) aged from (20 - <30) years and more than two thirds of nurses (69.3%) had diploma degree. It was found that less than three quarters (71.6 %) of nurses had high levels of burnout. There was cooperation between nurses and physician in patient care with Mean and SD of (3.23 ± 1.49). Also there is statistically significant positive correlation between hospital duration and work duration with (r = 0.812 and P-value = 0.001). Patients were satisfied with nurses’ fulfillment for their needs and nursing care activities with Mean and SD of (20.81 ± 4.05). Recommendations: Establishing communication skills training programs among health care team to reduce nurses’ burnout. Continued administrative support, reinforcement as well as changing work place environment to reduce nurses’ job burnout and to improve patients’ satisfaction with care.

[Sahar M. Zaki, Lamiaa A. Elsayed and Manal M. Ibrahim. Factors Contributing to Burnout among Saudi Nurses and their Effect on Patients' Satisfaction at Makkah Al- Mukaramah Hospitals. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):73-88]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.08

Key words: Nurses Burnout, patient satisfaction.

Full Text

8

9

Effect of Different Water Types on Expansive Soil Behavior

Mohamed Mahmoud A. Hussein

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Email: mohamed.ma_2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main expansive clay soil behavior to be considered is swelling properties and surface heave. Therefore, determination of swelling properties by means of swell percent and estimation of surface heave is very important in the investigation of such soils. In order to obtain the swelling parameters of clayey soils, experimental laboratory tests are carried out. Distilled water is usually used during these experimental tests; however, the soil in situ interacts with different types of water. Therefore, the swelling behavior of expansive soils tested with using distilled water would naturally be different from the behavior of expansive soils tested with using different water types. For this reason, the effect of different water types on various properties of expansive clay soil was studied and compared. Four water types were used, distilled water, flat water, treated waste water and sea water. Tests results showed that there are significant effects of different water types on the behavior of expansive soil. The main result of this research was that the anticipated clay swell percentages and heaves for different used types of water were lower than for the distilled water routinely used in the experimental laboratory tests.

[Mohamed Mahmoud A. Hussein. Effect of Different Water Types on Expansive Soil Behavior. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):89-94]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.09

Keywords: Expansive soils; Sea water; Plasticity index; Free swell ratio; linear shrinkage.

Full Text

9

10

The methodology of activating the Heritage Sustainability concept in interior design of Hospitality building

Eman Ibrahim Badr Surkn

Interior design Assistant professor,Interior design department, King of Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia

emanbadr2000@hotmail.com

Abstract: The interior design is a field that does not deviate from the human search for the heritage identity in the time of accelerating the contemporary challenges to achieve uniqueness and creativity. Based on this concept the Arabian designer seeks in how to express the dimensions of his own historical and cultural unique heritage, and especially after the border opened and spaces expanded to become necessary to confirm thier identity, so the arabian designer must be aware that the greatest target is to open up to the global design, also he needs to uphold with the heritage identity. the theorist and critic Architectural Charles Jencks Says: "we are now witnessing the end of geography no secluded place where independent homeland, or immune culture "- So it was incumbent on the interior designer to understand the philosophical dimensions of the sustainability concepts in heritage and deepen its sense in his own soul. The concepts of sustainability in interior design: (1) Depends on creating a double-dimensional heritage language in interior design, which integrates between all the advantages of originality and contemporary. (2) Depends on creating a unique design language in interior design, which is based on the reformulation of heritage vocabulary with a concept of modern and contemporary. (3) Depends on dealing with interior design philosophy as a matching of constants and variables. And through this concept, the creative values of interior design can be realized, and this consequently leads to a permanent source of heritage inspiration for all the next interior design generations.This paper helps in the ability of interacting with the sustainability intellectual Ideology in interior design by inspiration from the Islamic heritage, and how to deal with the features of heritage identity depending on its intellectual features, but not as rigid element.

[Eman Ibrahim Badr Surkn. The methodology of activating the Heritage Sustainability concept in interior design of Hospitality building. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):95-105]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.10

Keywords: Islamic Heritage - Values - Originality- Contemporary – Inspiration - Dual Language – Morphological- Geometric - Chaotic systems- the Constants - the variables - the identity- Hospitality building

Full Text

10

11

Perception and Knowledge of Health Care Professionals toward Home Health Care in Riyadh

Alia Almoajel, PhD

Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University.

almoajela@gmail.com; Office: +966118050219; Fax: +96614358522

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of health care professional toward home health care and identifying difficulties which home health care members face during their practice. Method: Cross-sectional study used to assess the knowledge and opinions of health care providers and home health care team and barriers hinder home health care team by using a self – administered questionnaire. Setting and Participants: a random sample of health care providers in governmental hospitals and self-operative hospitals in Riyadh (N= 61) and the other sample is Home Health care team members (N=74) of four hospitals in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Main Outcome Measures: knowledge on home health care services, awareness of health educators, difficulties hinder home health care members. Results: the majority of home health care members stated they had a good and excellent knowledge about the services (28.4% and 59 %, respectively) and others health care professionals (95.1%) were aware of HHC services. (62.2%) of HHC members stated that health educator was not included in their team and the main difficulties were the lack of understanding of patient and his family regarding treatment and others medical instructions, and patients’ home were inappropriate to provide the services (48, 64.9%). Conclusions: health care professionals training in home health care services concepts and skills is needed as well as patients’ educations about the importance of that services to increase their acceptance.

[Alia Almoajel. Perception and Knowledge of Health Care Professionals toward Home Health Care in Riyadh. Life Sci J 2016;13(5):106-112]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130516.11

Keywords: Home Health Care (HHC), Health educator

Full Text

11

12

[Life Sci J 2016;13(5):113-118]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12.

withdrawn

Full Text

12