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Conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) for drug addiction and its affects among teen agers in SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia), Malaysia

Mohammad Hannan Mia¹, Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit¹, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah¹, Fariza Md Sham¹, Abd Ghafar Hj Don¹, Zainab Ismail¹, Nowshad Amin².

¹ Department of Da’wah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

² Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and built environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

dr.hanan@ukm.edu.my

Abstract: This study seeks to identify the conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) and its effects with a view justifying this treatment among teenagers at SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia) in Malaysia. It is because of trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) for drug addiction problem among drug addicts in Malaysia by representing trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) from SIDIM. A total of 120 trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) s in SIDIM were randomly selected for this study. The survey also shows the descriptive analysis which proved overall faith and worship practices among them (Muslim trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM). Among them have a lower average level of faith (2:59) and religious (2.66), while the morals of trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM) have a restrained stage of meaning (3.18). The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant effect between religious faith practices (r =.731, p <0.01), worship (r =.737, p <0.01), and morals (r =.691, p <0.01) with the religious achievement of Muslim trainee (Those who have registered for goodness under SIDIM).

[Mohammad Hannan Mia, Razaleigh Muhamat @ Kawangit, Salasiah Hanin Hamjah, Fariza Md Sham, Abd Ghafar Hj Don, Zainab Ismail, Nowshad Amin. Conjunction between Islamic Treatment (IT) for drug addiction and its affects among teen agers in SIDIM (Sahabat Insan Dan Iman Malaysia), Malaysia. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):1-6]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.01

Keywords: Islamic Treatment, Drug addiction, Character, Etiquette, Effects of Islamic treatment

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Impact of Stroke on Life Satisfaction and Psychological Adjustment among Stroke patients during Rehabilitation

Sahar Mahmoud¹ and Nahla Ahmed Abd Elaziz²

¹Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo. Egypt

²Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo. Egypt

drsaharmahmoud@ymail.com

Abstract: A stroke is a sudden and traumatic event that that can have long-lasting physical, emotional and social consequences. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of stroke on life satisfaction and psychological adjustment of stroke patients during rehabilitation. Methods: This study is a descriptive study. The study was conducted at outpatient's stroke rehabilitation clinic affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals to 50 post-stroke patients. The data have been collected through structured interviewing questionnaire form, The Barthel ADL Index, The Stroke Rehabilitation Motivation Scale (SRMS), Satisfaction with Life Scale and Mental Adjustment Stroke Scale. Results: the mean age of stroke patients was 52.98±8.08. high percent of stroke patients have independent level on daily living activities, more than half of the stroke patients were satisfied with their life, have normal level of motivation, and had a negative attitude toward stroke conclusion Physical independence as consequence from stroke have a significant relation on motivation as well as had insignificant relation on life satisfaction and psychological adjustment of stroke patients.

[Sahar Mahmoud and Nahla Ahmed Abd Elaziz. Impact of Stroke on Life Satisfaction and Psychological Adjustment among Stroke patients during Rehabilitation. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):7-17]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.02

Key words: Stroke – Life satisfaction – Adjustment –Motivation

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Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on antioxidative system of Faba bean (Vicia faba L) seedling exposed to Cadmium

Salah M. H. Gowayed^1,2 and Naif M. Kadasa²

¹ Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

²Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, KSA

salahgowed@yahoo.com

Abstract: This work aimed to investigate the effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on oxidative stress induced by Cadmium (Cd) in Faba bean (Vicia faba L) seedling. The Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) levels, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductases (GR), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT) activity and Reduced glutathione (GSH) and Ascorbic acid (AsA) concentration in the shoot and root of seedling were investigated. The results indicated that, Cd increased the level of MDA and NO and induced a significant decrease of all antioxidant enzymes activities and antioxidant substances in comparison to control, while ZnONPs alone or with Cd treatments decreased the level of MDA and NO and induced a significant increase of all the antioxidant enzymes activities and antioxidant substances concentration comparison to Cd treated and/ or control. Subsequently adding ZnONPs to Cd treatments leads to alleviating the Cd toxicity.

[Salah M. H. Gowayed and Naif M. Kadasa. Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on antioxidative system of Faba bean (Vicia faba L) seedling exposed to Cadmium. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):18-27]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.03

Key words: ZnONPs, Cd toxicity, Faba bean

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Effect of laser on the human gingival fibroblast treated with chlorhexidine

Mohamed M. F. Khedr¹, Waleed A. fahmy Ali², Amani A. Saleh³ and Tarek A. El-Tayeb⁴

1. Faculty of oral and dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University-Cairo branch

^2. Faculty of oral and dental Medicine, Al-Azhar university-Assuit branch

^3. Vacc. Res. Institute, Cairo

^4. National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES). Cairo University

khedrster@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was the using of specific parameters of low level laser treatment (LLLT) to produce bio-stimulatory effects on human gingival fibroblast culture treated with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse. Fibroblasts were derived from healthy gingival biopsy specimens harvested aseptically and the effect of CHX was evaluated on cultured human gingival fibroblast (HGF) through morphological and biochemical assays. Morphological studies with HGF indicate altered morphology beyond 10% CHX. However, CHX beyond 50% concentration exhibits excessive toxic and damage effect on HGF at 1 minute time exposure. However, the CHX treated cells were irradiated with a diode laser prototype (LASER Table; 630 ± 4 nm; 60 mW) with energy doses of 4 and 5 J/cm². Cells were irradiated every 24 h totalizing 3 applications. Twenty-four hours after the last irradiation, cell metabolism was evaluated by the XTT assay and trypan blue assay Data obtained from this study showed that irradiation of fibroblasts with 4 and 5 J/cm² resulted in significant increase in cell metabolism and viability compared with the non-irradiated group (P < 0.05) in 1, 10, 25, 50% CHX treated cells. On the other hand, HGF treated with 75% and 100% CHX showed non biostimulatory effects post LLLT irradiation. Both energy doses promoted significant increase in the cell number as well as cell metabolism (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, LLLT promoted biostimulation of fibroblasts in vitro.

[Mohamed M. F. Khedr, Waleed A. fahmy Ali, Amani A. Saleh and Tarek A. El-Tayeb. Effect of laser on the human gingival fibroblast treated with chlorhexidine Life. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):28-33]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.04

Key words: Toxicity – healing – cell culture – diode laser – viable cells – irradiation – antiseptic – periodontal disease – bio stimulatory – cell proliferation

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Evaluation of radionuclides contamination in wheat flour and bread using gamma-ray spectrometry

Fatimh Alshahri

Department of Physics, University of Dammam, Dammam 1982-31441, Saudi Arabia

faalshehri@uod.edu.sa

Abstract: Because of the increasing of cancer incidence rates, this study was carried out to evaluate the activity concentration of radionuclides in the most common food consumed in Saudi Arabia (wheat flour and bread) and to estimate their radiological impact in long-term. For this purpose, the activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs in wheat flour and bread samples were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The result showed that the mean values of the activity concentrations in brown bread were higher than those in wheat flour and white bread. A decreasing trend of the mean values of their specific activities has been observed in the order: brown bread > white bread > wheat flour. The highest concentrations of ²³²Th were found in brown bread that contained more bran and other grains. However, these values were lower than the acceptable limit. Furthermore, the radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq), absorbed dose rate in air (D), annual effective dose rate (E) and the internal hazard indices (H_in) were calculated. The radiation hazard indexes for all samples were lower than the acceptable values. The data were compared with those given in the literature.

[Alshahri F. Evaluation of radionuclides contamination in wheat flour and bread using gamma-ray spectrometry. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):34-42]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.05

Keywords: ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, wheat flour, bread, gamma-ray spectrometry

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The protective effect of propolis (bee glue) against histopathological changes induced by dacarbazine in mice kidney

Salwa Mohammed Quita

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, KSA

doctorsalwa@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of propolis against histopathological changes in mice kidney during dacarbasine (DTIC) treatment. To achieve this goal, a total of 30 male mice were allocated into four groups: 1) the control group (Gr1), 2) the second (Gr2) group received propolis (50 mg/kg bw), 3) the third group (Gr3) receiveddacarbazine (3.5 mg/kg bw), and4) the fourth group were administered dacarbazine (3.5 mg/kg bw) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw) and divided into three categories: a) treated with propolis 2h before the administration of DTIC, b) treated with both propolis and DTIC in the same time, and c) treated with propolis 2h after the DTIC administration. All groups treated for ten consecutive days and killed after 24h from the last dose. The kidneys were removed and subjected for light microscopic study. DTIC treatment induced kidney damage, loss of its normal architecture, atrophy and distortion in Malpighian corpuscles, degeneration and necrosis in epithelial cells of renal tubules and congestion of interstitial tissues were detected. In fourth group the kidney restored the normal histological structure in both Malpighian corpuscles and Bowman’s capsules, there are marked reduction in degeneration of epithelial cells of renal tubules and decrease in interstitial congestion only in the first category. While in the second and third categories showed no improvement in the kidney damage.

[Salwa Mohammed Quita. The protective effect of propolis(bee glue) against histopathological changes induced by dacarbazine in mice kidney. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):43-50]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.06

Keywords: Dacarbazine-histopathological changes-kidney-mice

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Degradation of poly (3-hydroxybuthyrate) using Aspergillus oryzae obtained from uncultivated soil

Majdah Mohammed Ahmed Aburas

Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

majdah11@gmail.com

Abstract: The thermoplastic polyester, PHB (poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid) is a synthesized by some bacterial genera including Azotobacter and Bacillus as a form of intracellular storage material for carbon and energy. PHB accumulated as inclusion granules in the cytoplasm of the previous bacterial genera. PHB degradation by soil fungi collected from various sites was studied. PHB depolymerization was tested in vials containing a PHB-containing medium which were inoculated with isolates from the tested microbes. The degradation activity was detected by the formation of a clear zone below and around the fungal colony. Out of 20 fungal isolates, 11 showed PHB degradation. Most of these fungi were belonging to the deuteromycetes including species of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alterneria and, Trichoderma. Aspergillus fumigates and A. Oryzae were the most active PHB degrader isolates. For degradation of PHB using A. Oryzae, the best temperature was 30ᵒC at pH 6.5 after 5 days of growth in minimal medium containing 1% PHB. In conclusion, PHB or bioplastic can produced mainly from bacteria but fungi can be used successfully in PHB degradation.

[Aburas MMA. Degradation of poly (3-hydroxybuthyrate) using Aspergillus oryzae obtained from uncultivated soil. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):51-56]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.07

Keywords: PHB, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid, fungi, biodegradation, Asperigillus, clear zone

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Ameliorative effect of blackberry cultivated from taif city on serum and liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats

Salha M. algarni¹, Jehad M. Yousef², Hana M. Gashlan³

^1,3Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz university, Faculty of Sciences. E-mail: salgarni0089@stu.kau.edu.sa,hgashlan@kau.edu.sa

²Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz university, Faculty of Science – Al Faisaliah Campus, P. O. Box 51459, Jeddah- 21453, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: Jyousef@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species (family Rosaceae).It’s contain number of phytochemicals associated with heath benefit for many diseases. In this study ameliorative effect of blackberry cultivated from taif city in K.S.A on serum liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats. Duration of this study was 65 days, included 50 Meals Wister Albino Rats were divided into five groups: control group G1, rats were fed high-fat diet G2 (5g/kg/days), rats were fed blackberry containing diet G3 (15g/kg/day), rats were fed blackberry containing diet (15g/kg/day) along with high fat diet G4 (5g/kg/day) and rats were fed blackberry containing diet G5 (15g/kg/day) after 45 days from high fat diet to complete 65 days. After 45 and 65 days, rats were weighted and anesthetized by ether, and collection of blood from the eyes and separate to get serum for used the measurement of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose. liver tissue was stained by hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination. Analyses using one-way ANOVA by SPSS. We demonstrated that, G3 and G4 respectively was successfully to decrease of AST, ALT, ALP, glucose and protect effect on liver tissue from damage that caused by HFD. While G5 was significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, and glucose after 65 days when compare to HFD but similar effect on liver tissue as G2. Overall, G3 and G4 was beneficial effect hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic. The results of the current study may suggest that prophylactic treatment with the tested combination of blackberry was ameliorative effect in attenuating hyperglycemia and liver damage induced in rat liver in response to the effects of HFD.

[Salha M. algarni, Jehad M. Yousef, Hana M. Gashlan. Ameliorative effect of blackberry cultivated from taif city on serum and liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):57-64]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.08

Keywords: Blackberry, High Fat Diet, Anthocyanin, Liver tissue, Liver enzyme

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UV –LED Used to Measure the Traces of Sulfur Dioxide in Artificial Environment

Gamal Abdel Fattah ^{1,2 *}, Majida Sultan Altouq¹ and Altaf Abdulla Shamsaldien¹

¹The Public Authority for Applied Education and TrainingCollege of technological Studies (Kuwait)

² National Institutes of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

^*gfattah@niles.edu.eg

Abstract.The detection of the pollutants is the first step to treat its source and consequently to eliminate its harm from our environment. The detection of Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), one of the harmful pollutants, is the main goal of this work. The optical absorption spectroscopy measurement is used here. This method depends on the absorption of ultraviolet wavelength through the medium which contains SO₂.Ultraviolet Light emitted diode (UV- LED) has peak emission at 280 nm is used. Lock-in technique is used to amplify the signals. Fifty ppm. detection sensitivity is achieved and better sensitivity can be reached. Also the idea of Dosimeter is used, where the exposure of certain host material to the SO₂ (is the guest here) may change one of its physical parameters. This change can be measured, and correlated to the concentrations of SO₂ (10⁴ppm, 3x10³ ppm and 2.5x10³ppm). The KMnO₄ solution is used as a host and the measured physical parameter isthe optical transmission. The transmission dependence on the molarity of the solution and the SO₂ concentration is measured.

[Gamal Abdel Fattah, Majida Sultan Altouq and Altaf Abdulla Shamsaldien. UV –LED Used to Measure the Traces of Sulfur Dioxide in Artificial Environment. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):65-78]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.09

Keywords: UV-LED, SO_2, Sulfur Dioxide,UV Absorption

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Characterization of the haemolymph from Schistocerca gregaria adults after infection with entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

Emad M. S. Barakat¹ and Mohamed O. Abokersh²

¹ Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.

² Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Asmarya Islamic University, Zeletin, Libya.

Phone: (002) 0100-5210588 - (002) 0127-7192551; Fax: (002) 02-26842 123; Email: emsbarakat@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present investigation aims to study the impact of the hyphomycete fungus, Beauveria bassiana on the body water content and haemolymph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria adults through quantitatively determination of some physical properties such as haemolymph volume, density and pH and through some biochemical parameters such as haemolymph carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents. Based on the results derived from susceptibility tests, our data demonstrated that B. bassiana caused fatal infection to the adult stages of S. gregaria. Haemolymph was taken from control and treated locusts, after different time intervals; 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post topical treatment, to characterize its reaction against the fungal infection. The physical and biochemical results demonstrated variable changes in the body water content, haemolymph volume, density and pH as well as drastic changes in haemolymph carbohydrates, lipids and proteins concentrations after fungal injection. This study shows that B. bassiana has potential use for control of locusts. Conidia could be used in baits or droplets in a similar way as chemical insecticides for controlling S. gregaria. The present study also provides the basis for further studies of biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying fungal strategies that have evolved for the suppression or evasion of the antifungal immunity in infected locusts.

[Emad M. S. Barakat  and Mohamed O. Abokersh. Characterization of the haemolymph from Schistocerca gregaria adults after infection with entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):79-87]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.10

Key words: desert locust, entomopathogenic fungi, haemolymph.

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Corrosion control in pipeline due to stray current of high voltage systems

Mohammed H. Hafiz

College of engineering, Iraqi university, Iraq

drmhh1962@gmail.com

Abstract: Stray currents can impact the ability to protect a pipeline or other buried metallic structure from corrosion. They can be generated from a variety of manmade and natural sources. Common sources of stray currents are cathodic protection on other lines, DC transit systems and telluric activity. The electrochemical mechanism of aqueous corrosion is outlined and it is demonstrated that the process depends upon a complex interaction between the material and its environment given the particular circumstances of exposure. Failure to recognize the full implications of the environment or the circumstances will often lead to unexpected corrosion failure. The techniques for controlling corrosion are sub-divided into the detect the stray current of electrical discharge using optical method which implement inside the lab. Electrical Discharge (ED) is a term used to describe electrical discharge activity which is normally accompanied by sparks. ED can occur when electric field difference across the void exceeds the minimum breakdown field strength. Therefore, ED measurement and diagnosis is an important nondestructive technique for assessing the quality and integrity of high voltage transformer. In practice, ED measurements suffer from noise interference due to low sensitivity of available sensors. Sensors usually pick up noise from the environment. Noisy signal at the output of the sensors cause inaccuracy in the detection of ED. In this study, Fibre Optic Sensor (FOS) was used because of two main factorsanalyzing results of ED signal generated patterns appear to be associated with discharge show more accuracy. The technique could be used as a predictive technique to check the progression of ED, and hence keep the pipeline under constant supervision into prevent the corrosion.

[Mohammed H. Hafiz. Taxonomic Corrosion control in pipeline due to stray current of high voltage systems. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):88-92]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.11

Keywords: Corrosion control, stray current, high voltage systems, fiber optical sensor

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Dental Anxiety as Measured with the Dental Sub-Scale of Children Fear Survey Schedule Among School Girls in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Sanaa Najeh Al-Haj Ali ¹, Hissah Zamel Al-Zamel ¹, Amjad Metab Al-Harbi ², Nourh Ibrahim Al-Issa¹

^1. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al- Qassim, Saudi Arabia

^2. Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al- Qassim, Saudi Arabia

dr.sanaa.alhajali@qudent.org

Abstract: this study aimed to gather some data about the prevalence of dental anxiety and how age level, socioeconomic status, frequency of dental visits, and experience with fillings relate to dental anxiety among school girls in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. The parents of 890 school girls 6 to 15 years of age completed a questionnaire which consisted of the Arabic version of the children’s fear survey schedule dental subscale (CFSS-DS) on behalf of their girls. Socio-demographic data including socioeconomic status, previous dental visits and previous fillings were also recorded. Total CFSS-DS scores were calculated and the relationship between socio-demographic variables and anxiety level was determined. The CFSS-DS mean total score was 33.64 and the percentage of girls who were highly anxious was 30.48%. The top three anxiety provoking items were “choking” “having a stranger touch you” and “the dentist drilling”. Older girls (10-15 years) had significantly lower CFSS-DS scores than younger girls (6-9 years) (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant association between socioeconomic status, previous dental visits, or previous fillings and dental anxiety (P>0.05). Dental anxiety decreased significantly with increasing age in this Saudi subpopulation of girls.

[Al-Haj Ali SN, Al-Zamel HZ, Al-Harbi AM, Al-Issa NI. Dental Anxiety as Measured with the Dental Sub-Scale of Children Fear Survey Schedule Among School Girls in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):93-99]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.12

Keywords: Age; CFSS-DS; Cross sectional study; Dental anxiety; School girls.

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More on -Continuity and New Decompositions

A.A. El-Atik

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

aelatik55@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the notion of relatively almost -continuity and -continuity and we obtain some decomposition theorems of -continuity by proving that, A function  is -continuous if and only if it is almost -continuous and relatively almost -continuous. Also, A function  is -continuous if and only if it is almost -continuous and -continuous.

[A.A. El-Atik. More on -Continuity and New Decompositions. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):100-104]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.13

Keywords: -continuous, almost -continuous, -continuous, relatively almost -continuous.

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A modified Pile Load Test Based on Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Bored Pile in Clayey Soil

Bakr R., Ibrahim A., and Elmeligy M.

Faculty of Engineering, Mansura University, Mansoura, Dakahleya, Egypt

atahrany@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study summarizes the evaluation of the pile static load test as a tool for the prediction of pile behavior in clayey soils. The pile and soil cases were modeled by three different constitutive models; Mohr-Columb (M-C), Hardening Soil (HS), and Soft Soil Creep (SSC). The static loading test scenarios were also numerically modeled to study the pile behavior. The models were analyzed by using numerical finite elements software (PLAXIS 3D Foundation). A construction site located in Mansoura, Dakahleya Governorate, EGYPT, was selected to perform the field tests. In order to simulate the soil in the numerical models, two borings with depth of 25 m were carried out to investigate the soil properties in the same site where field static pile load tests are performed later. The pile capacity and settlement were calculated theoretically for each case by using both Egyptian Code formula and numerical constitutive models. The load test was simulated twice for each pile. The first simulates the standard static load test while the second simulates the real-life loading. The results showed that the pile behavior obtained by standard static load test was extremely exaggerated. A modified quick static load test method was proposed and verified. Also it has been proved that, the Modified Quick Load Test (MQLT) method can be used as an alternative method to the classical static load test method.

[Bakr R., Ibrahim A., and Elmeligy M. A modified Pile Load Test Based on Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Bored Pile in Clayey Soil. Life Sci J 2016;13(3):105-115]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14.

doi:10.7537/marslsj130316.14

Keywords: modified Pile Load Test; Numerical; Experimental Evaluation; Clayey Soil

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