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Effect of Rosting Process on Polyphenols Content of Carob Powder

Hanan A. Jambi

Food and Nutrition Dept, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul Aziz Univ., Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah

hjambi@gmail.com

Abstract: The objectives of the present investigation were: (1) to identify and quantify the polyphenols compound of carob powder, (2) to study the effect of roasting at 180ºC for 30 minutes on the polyphenols compound of carob powder by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that, roasting treatment of carob powder at 180˚C for 30 min. was decreased total phenols,carotenoids, tannins and antioxidant activity. The HPLC-chromatograms of the two ethanolic extracts of carob powder before roasting and after roasting at 180ºC for 30 min. were showed that, the phenolic compounds were decreased by roasting treatment, however, some flavonoid compounds increased by roasting treatment such as: narengin from 13.90 to 138.34 ppm/g, rutin from 31.90 to 244.31 ppm/g, hisperidin from 23.73 to 246.09 ppm/g, and 31.90 to 244.31 ppm/g, hisperidin from 23.73 to 246.09 ppm/g and hispertin from 11.61 to 68.14 ppm/g.Other flavonoid compounds were decreased by roasting treatment such as quercetrin from 50.38 to 21.86 ppm/g.

[Hanan A. Jambi. Effect of Rosting Process on Polyphenols Content of Carob Powder. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):1-5]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.01.

Keywords: - Carob – roasting – antioxidants – carotenoids- tannins – HPLC

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Classification of the Important & Critical Factors in Enterprise Resource Planning

Dr. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan^{1, 3}, Prof. Dong Qian Li¹, Ms. Zhang Yu²

^1. School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710064, China

^2. School of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710064, China

^3. A Member of APCIS, Chicago, IL, US

sarehman_cscp@yahoo.com

Abstract: This article will discuss new critical success factors of ERP implementation with the help of theoretical perspective and experiences of various companies regarding ERP system implementation. In the implementation of ERP senior leadership role play a vital role as well achieving to the ERP benefits management should build strong alignment between IT and the business processes. It is recommended in the arrangement/ classification that measurement proceeds in a balanced perspective, which can provide useful information to help companies in the process of decision making, and achievement of corporate goals. On the basis of this idea the classification of ERP is based on in-depth analysis of literature review, theoretical perspective and various companies’ experiences of ERP implementation. Companies can achieve the benefits of ERP through commitment of top management. In th is paper the fresh critical factor will help to the companies during the implementation of ERP systems.
[Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman, Dong, Qian Li, & Zhang, Yu . Classification of the Important & Critical Factors in Enterprise Resource Planning. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):6-12]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.02.

Keywords: Classifications; ERP; Business Process Management; Measurement; Success factors

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Performance Assessment by Stages of Main Genomic De-Novo Assemblers Based Upon De Bruijn Graphs

Nelson Enrique Vera-Parra¹, José Nelson Pérez-Castillo², Cristian Alejandro Rojas-Quintero ³

¹ GICOGE Research Group - Teacher / Researcher

Distrital University Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, Zip Code: 111321, Tel: +5713239300

² GICOGE Research Group - Director Center for Scientific Research and Development

Distrital University Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, Zip Code: 111321, Tel: +5713239300

³ GICOGE Research Group - Student

Distrital University Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia, Zip Code: 111321, Tel: +5713239300

neverap@udistrital.edu.co

Abstract: This article documents the performance assessment of main genomic assemblers based upon De Bruijn Graphs and their respective stages. The objetive is to identify and compare computational requirements,  advantages and bottlenecks on each of the assembly algorithms steps for every tool evaluated with the purpose to provide a reference frame and detect future computational challenges to  improve these techniques.

The assessed assemblers were: Abyss, Velvet, SOAPdenovo2, Minia and EPGA2. The dataset used to perform the assessment was: 64587949 reads of  101bp corresponding to the 14th human chromosome. The measured variables were: read and write operations, use of main memory (RAM), parallelization (number and percentage of used cores) and processing time. All measures were taken with two kmer sizes: k=31 and k=55. The results show: the assemblers that use partitioning techniques for kmers counting reduces considerably the memory use, but increase the amount of I/O operations; the use of techniques for graph simplification by parts allows to reduce substantially the memory requirement in the contigs generation step, however they increase the processing time, the use of error removal reduce the amount of necessary memory in future stages; the data structures used to represent the graph directly affect the RAM use, as an example, Minia reduces substantially the used RAM peak through the use of bloom filters in cascade. 

[Nelson Enrique Vera-Parra, José Nelson Pérez-Castillo, Cristian Alejandro Rojas-Quintero. Performance Assessment by Stages of Main Genomic De-Novo Assemblers Based Upon De Bruijn Graphs. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):13-21]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.03.

Keywords: Bioinformatics, De Bruijn Graphs, Genome assembly, Next Generation Sequencing

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Association of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) 2518A/G Gene Polymorphism with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Mona El-Tokhy¹, Eman Ramadan Abdel Gwad¹, Walid Abdel Ghaffar², Ola Serag¹

¹Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology and ²Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

olaserag86@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: MCP-1 is a member of the CC chemokine family and acts chemotactically on monocytes and induces monocyte and macrophage infiltration into tissues. Hyperglycemia induces MCP-1 production in vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigmented epithelial cells, and has been implicated as a causal factor in the facilitation of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MCP-1 gene with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in egyptian population with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods: We conducted a case-control study, which included 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes. SNP genotyping of c.2518A/G in the MCP-1 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with PvuII restriction enzyme. Results: The prevalence of c.2518A/G polymorphism in diabetic patients was 52% (A/A), 34% (A/G) and 14% (G/G). In patients with diabetic retinopathy, the prevalence of PDR was significantly higher (p<0.001) in diabetic subjects with the c.2518A/A genotype (61.5%; 16/26) compared to those with either the A/G or G/G genotypes (16.7% (4/24). Conclusion: Our new genetic findings suggest that the c.2518A/A genotype in MCP-1 could be used as a susceptibility gene to predict the development of PDR in type 2 diabetic patients.

[Mona El-Tokhy, Eman Ramadan Abdel Gwad, Walid Abdel Ghaffar and Ola Serag. Association of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) 2518A/G Gene Polymorphism with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):22-26]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.04.

Key Words: MCP-1 polymorphism, type 2 DM, proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive System Containing Antimicrobial Silver Nano Particles on Bonding of Metal Brackets to Enamel

Mona Riad¹, Asmaa Y. Harhash², Omnia A. Elhiny³ and Ghada A. Salem⁴

¹Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

²Conservative Dentistry Department, Egyptian RussianUniversity, Cairo, Egypt

³Orthodontics and PedodonticDepartment, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

⁴PedodonticsDepartment, Faculty of oral and Dental Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

ghadamohamedalirana@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesive system containing antimicrobial Silver nanoparticles on bonding of metal brackets to enamel. Material and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human premolar teeth were embedded into PVC with chemically-cured acrylic resin. The labial surfaces were flattened and received prophylaxis with pumice and water. The teeth were divided into two groups according to the addition of silver nanoparticles to the adhesive system. Group 1: the adhesive system containing silver nanoparticles. Group 2: adhesive system only. The bonding was performed according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. The least concentration of silver nanoparticles that has the highest antimicrobial activity was 0.5 µm.  Using a graduated pipette 0.5µm silver nanoparticles in ethanol solution was added to every 1mm of the adhesive system (relay Bond).  After acid etching, one coat of the bonding agent was applied and the brackets were bonded to etched enamel. The bonded test specimens were stored in distilled water at 37⁰ c for 24 hours. The bonds were stressed to failure in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.02 inch per minute. The shear bond strengths were measured and recorded in megapascals (MPa). Statistical analysis was done. Results: The bond strength of the adhesive system containing no silver nanoparticles was statistically higher than that one containing. Conclusion: addition of silver nanoparticles to the bonding system affects the shear bond strength of the orthodontic brackets to enamel.

[Mona Riad, Asmaa Y. Harhash, Omnia A. Elhiny and Ghada A. Salem. Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive System Containing Antimicrobial Silver Nano Particles on Bonding of Metal Brackets to Enamel. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):27-34]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.05.

Key words: Nonosilver, shear bond strength, Metal brackets

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A Possible Role in Immune Response Modulation after Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation in Type1 DM

Mohamed F. Abd El Aziz ¹, Abdel Sattar El Deeb¹, Alaa El Din Esmail², Hala Ahmed Talkan², Khaled Mahmoud Makboul³, Hanan Mahmoud Ali ¹.

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

² General Surgery, Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Clinical Pathology, Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

dr_pharos2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been tested for the treatment of patients with new onset type 1 diabetes. T helper 1 (Th-1) cells secrete Interleukin (IL)-2, Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and Tumor necrosis factor-β which may cause DM. On the other hand, T helper 2 (Th-2) cells secrete IL-4 and IL-10 which might be of protective value for beta cells. These findings have led to the development of the hypothesis that prevention of type 1 diabetes can beachieved by inhibition of Th-1 reactions and stimulation of Th-2 reactions. Objective: To evaluate the possible role of AHSCT done for cases of type 1 DM in modulating the immune response from Th-1 to Th-2. Study design: Pilot exploratory study conducted on cases of auto immune type 1 DM within the first 5 year of diagnosis, age above 16 years with positive antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase. Before AHSCT all patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations: Fasting and post prandial blood sugar, Hemoglobin A₁C (HBA1C), C-peptide, Serum IL-4 and Serum IFN-γ. These laboratory investigations and insulin doses were re-evaluated during follow up periods after AHSCT.Results:After AHSCTthere was; a significant increase in the means of C-peptide and IL4, significant decrease in fasting and post prandialblood sugar, HBA1C and the means of IFN-γ, 70% of patients decreased their daily insulin requirement while all patients did not experience any time free from insulin.Conclusion: AHSCT intype 1 DM can modulate the immune response from Th-1 to Th-2.

[Mohamed F. Abd El Aziz, Abdel Sattar El Deeb, Alaa El Din Esmail , Hala Ahmed Talkan , Khaled Mahmoud Makboul, Hanan Mahmoud Ali. A Possible Role in Immune Response Modulation after Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation in Type1 DM. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):35-42]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.06.
 

Key words: Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Gamma Interferon (IFN-γ), Interleukin 4 (IL-4).

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Impact of Biocontrol Agents, Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonads spp. On Root rot fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani infected Watermelon plants cultivated in Jazan, KSA

Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi^*

Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^*Corresponding author: ahmed_alharbi20@yahoo.com

Abstract: A survey study was conducted to determine the frequency (F) of phyto-pathogenic fungi infected and associated with watermelon plants cultivated in different fields in Abu-Arish governorate, Jazan region Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Incidence of damping off disease in watermelon root samples which naturally infected with Fusarium solani and Rhizoctoina solani were 43.2 and 50.5%, respectively. F. solani and R. solani were the most prevalent fungi with 48.4 and 52.6 F%, respectively. Two Trichoderma species (T. harzianum & T. viride), three Pseudomonas species (P. chlororaphis, P. eruginosa, P. florescence) beside the fungicide Rizolex were used to study their effect on the root rot fungi F. solani and R. solani under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In-vitro experiment showed that treatment with Rizolex-T resulted in great inhibitions on linear growth of F. solani and R. solani followed by treatments with P. florescence, P. chlororaphis, P. eruginosa, T. harzianum and T. viride. Also, same treatments showed significant decrease in disease incidence (pre & post-emergence damping-off) followed by treatments with T. harzianum, T. viride, P. chlororaphis and P. eruginosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. All treatments enhance dry weight of shoot and root systems and showed a significant increase in total chlorophyll content compared with check treatment.

[Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi. Impact of Biocontrol Agents, Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonads spp. On Root rot fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani infected Watermelon plants cultivated in Jazan, KSA. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):43-52]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.07.

Key words: Damping off disease; F. solani; R. solani; biological control; watermelon; survey; phyto-pathgenic fungi.

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The effectiveness of some e-blogging patterns on developing the informational awareness for the educational technology innovations and the King Abdul-Aziz University postgraduate students' attitudes towards it.

Ashraf A. Zeidan^1,2 ; Waleed S. Alhalafawy^1,3; Marwa Z. Tawfiq³ and Wael R. Abdelhameed²

¹Department of Education Technology, Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.

²Department of Education Technology, Faculty of Education, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

³Department of Education Technology, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

azeidan@kau.edu.sa; welhlafawy@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This research uses some of the electronic macro & Micro-blogging (EMACB) & (EMICB) to develop the informational awareness of the educational technology innovations (EDUTI) and the king Abdul-Aziz University postgraduate students' attitudes towards it. A two-Group experimental design was used: the control group (CG) which studies through the traditional activities and lectures (TRAC & LEC) and the experimental group (EXP-G) studies through the traditional lectures with (EMACB) & (EMICB) . The research sample consists of (60) students who are using The Internet and the e-blogging (EB) applications Perfectly,divided randomly into two equal groups. The research depended on two Tools : A cognitive achievement test to measure (EDUTI) and an attitude scale to measure the students' attitudes towards it. T-Test was used to compare between the two groups and to determine the significance of the differences. Findings revealed the effectiveness of the e-blogging systems on developing (EDUTI) and also on developing the students' attitudes towards it as a learning Style.

[Ashraf A. Zeidan; Waleed S. Alhalafawy; Marwa Z. Tawfiq and Wael R. Abdelhameed. The effectiveness of some e-blogging patterns on developing the informational awareness for the educational technology innovations and the King Abdul-Aziz University postgraduate students' attitudes towards it. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):53-61]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.08.

Key Words. E-blogging; macro-blogging; micro-blogging; informational awareness; the attitude towards the innovations of the educational technologies.

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Abnormal Oscillatory Brain Responses in Dyslexic children with Poor Categorical Perception

Wessam Mohamed^1,2, Isabella Paul-Jordanov¹,  Christian Wienbruch¹, Christina Robert³ and Thomas Elbert ¹

¹ Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
² Department of Educational Psychology, University of Fayoum, Egypt
³ Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, USA.
wam02@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: The condition of dyslexia has been associated with problems in speech perception, particularly in the processing of speech signals (e.g., phonemes). Speech signals contain information on different time scales. For instance, while rapid spectral changes as formant transitions may occur on time scale (20-40ms), syllabic and prosodic information occur on a time scale of (150-300ms). Therefore, the segmentation of the auditory stream into discrete representations is a prerequisite for speech perception, According to Peoppel (2003); the input speech signal has a neural representation that is bilaterally symmetric at an early representational level; however it is elaborated asymmetrically in the time domain. Consequently, it has suggested that temporal integration in different windows is reflected as oscillatory neuronal activity in different frequency bands. In this study, we are testing if the temporal integration is reflected as oscillatory activity in different frequency bands by mapping focal slow waves in the delta (1.5-4Hz) frequency band. We used magnetoencephalographic (MEG) source imaging in a sample of 19 dyslexic children with poor categorical perception and 14 controls while listening passively to syllables /ba/ and /da/. Dyslexic children with poor categorical perception differ significantly in the density of magnetic slow waves produced by the two hemispheres. To illustrate, dyslexic children with poor categorical perception showed elevated production of focally generated slow waves (1-4Hz), predominately in the left hemisphere as compared to controls. The results suggest altered segmentation processes of speech sounds in a subset of children with dyslexia.
[Wessam Mohamed, Isabella Paul-Jordanov,  Christian Wienbruch, Christina Robert and Thomas Elbert. Abnormal Oscillatory Brain Responses in Dyslexic children with Poor Categorical Perception. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):62-70]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.09.

Key words: dyslexia, slow waves, speech perception, reading, spelling, MEG

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10

[Life Sci J 2015;12(12):71-78]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.10.

 Withdrawn

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The Prevalence of Post Partum Depression and its Associated Risk Factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study

Anas M. Almarzouki*¹, FRCSC, Fatin Alzaben², FRCPC, Dana Sawan¹, MB, ChB, Reema Filimban¹, MB, ChB

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology¹ and Department of Psychiatry², King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding Author: Anas M. Almarzouki, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 505611735, Email: dr.anasalmarzouki@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: Post partum depression (PPD) has become a growing cause of concern for patients as well as healthcare providers all over the world. However, there exists a dearth of robust epidemiological data to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD among women in Saudi Arabia. The current study was a prospective questionnaire based epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among Saudi women. Methods: A total of 280 mothers who delivered a live baby at least 2 weeks to a maximum of 1 year ago from the time of study participation were included. A p value of p value≤0.05 was used to determine the significance of results obtained. Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of PPD in the study sample was 23.9% which is suggestive of the high prevalence of PPD among Saudi women and warrants further investigation. Statistically significant risk factors associated with PPD were post partum blues, marital status, level of education, husband’s job (p=0.001); monthly income (p=0.006), unplanned pregnancies (p=0.01), postpartum complications (p=0.05); pre-existing depression, use of anti depressants and lack of support from the spouse in baby care (p=0.001).

[Anas M. Almarzouki, FRCSC, Fatin Alzaben, FRCPC, Dana Sawan, MB, ChB, Reema Filimban, MB, ChB. The Prevalence of Post Partum Depression and its Associated Risk Factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):79-85]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.11.

Keywords: Post partum, depression, prevalence, Saudi Arabia

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Assessing Statistical Downscaling to quantify the Impact of Climate Changes of Rainfall over the Blue Nile Basin

HanyMostafa¹, Hazem Saleh², Mahmoud El Sheikh² and Khaled Kheireldin¹

¹Department of Environmental Studies, Environment and Climate changes Research Institute, National Water Research Center Building El-Qanater El-Khairiya, Egypt,

²Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minoufiya University, Egypt,

E-mail: hany_moustafa@hotmail.com

Abstract: Statistical downscaling methods were used to investigate the impact of climate change on rainfall of the Blue Nile Basin to assess the projected precipitation changes for the intermediate and end of 21^st century in a way that is relevant to water-resource decision making. The applied downscaling methods are scaling approach correction and quantile mapping approach correction. These were applied on 16 GCM runs with A2 emission scenario. The future simulations were conducted for 2020s (2011–2039), 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100) horizons representing near, intermediate and far future, respectively and were compared with 1970–2000 CRU nominal period. The outcomes of these sixteen GCMs were ranked to provide average future changes. The downscaling involved linear multiple regression analysis and was carried out using a number of downscaling and climate data manipulation tools, Xlstat. Regression analysis have been used to test the performance of the models. The accuracy and performance of downscaled values of rainfall has been quantified in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²). The minimum and maximum monthly rainfall change for the Blue Nile were -1,89% and +63.57%, -5.96% and +69.37%, and -8.9% and +76.44% for future periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099, respectively. However, the Met Office Hadley Centre, UK (HADGEM) was found to be the best performance model to simulate the projected rainfall over the Blue Nile followed by CGMR, BCM2, MRCGM and CNCM3. The mean monthly rainfall of HADGEM downscaling were -1.87%, +1.62% and +4.71% of observed historical rainfall (1971-2000) for future periods of 2020s (2010–2039), 2050s (2040–2069) and 2080s (2070–2099). The correlation coefficient, R2 and RMSE for the mean monthly precipitation (MAP) for the best performance model HADGEM were 0.98%, 0.96% and 18.23 mm/month. This study provides useful information to decision makers for the planning and management of future water resources of the study area and downstream countries.

[Hany Mostafa, Hazem Saleh, Mahmoud El Sheikh and Khaled Kheireldin. Assessing Statistical Downscaling to quantify the Impact of Climate Changes of Rainfall over the Blue Nile Basin. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):86-95]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.12.

Keyword: Statistical downscaling, climate changes, precipitation, rainfall, Global Circulation Models (GCMs)

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Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Rats

Mohamed Farouk Ahmed¹, Mohamed A Abdallah², and Abdo M.A. Ibrahim³

¹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University and University of Jeddah, KSA.

²Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.³Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University and University of Jeddah, KSA.

abdouamin_2005@yahoo.com

Abstract: The mechanisms involved in diabetic neuropathic pain are complex and involve peripheral and central pathophysiological phenomena. Proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor 1, which are markers of inflammation, contribute to neuropathic pain. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on diabetic pain in rats. 24 rats were tested with diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and 24 healthy control rats. Twelve rats in each group received 60 mg/kg oral curcumin daily for 28 days, and the other 12 received vehicle. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, we tested mechanical allodynia with von Frey hairs and thermal hyperalgesia with radiant heat. Markers of inflammation in the spinal cord dorsal horn on day 28 were estimated with a commercial assay and Western blot analysis. Compared to control rats, diabetic rats exhibited increased mean plasma glucose concentration, decreased mean body weight, and significant pain hypersensitivity, as evidenced by decreased paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey hairs and decreased paw withdrawal latency to heat. In conclusions: Curcumin significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of both TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1. Curcumin seems to relieve diabetic hyperalgesia, possibly through an inhibitory action on TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1.

[Mohamed Farouk Ahmed, Mohamed A Abdallah, and Abdo M.A. Ibrahim. Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Rats. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):96-100]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.13.

Key Words: curcumin - TNF-α - diabetic hyperalgesia

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The Uterine Junctional Zone

Faisal Kashgari ^*, Ayman Oraif, Osamah Bajouh

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicin, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

fkashgari@gmail.com

Abstract: Knowledge of prenatal and postnatal development of uterine development is very limited in humans. The female reproductive tract is initially formed as part of the urogenital system. The uterine corpus and cervix is differentiated by 12 weeks gestation. Development of the female reproductive tract begins during prenatal life with the formation and fusion of the mullerian ducts. Depending on the genetic sex of the gonads of the embryo, sex is determined with development of either the mullerian duct or wolffian duct. If the testes are absent, developmentof the mullerian duct continues with regression of the wolffian ducts. The basalis layer is not eroded during menstruation or after parturition. The basailis layer contains a zone of loose endometrial glands and stroma, and another zone where the glands terminate and stem cells reside. The basalis layer functions as a germinal compartment that provides stem cells to the functionalis layer each month to regenerate after menses.^.The uterine junctional zone is a very dynamic and an important structure within the uterus. More studies are needed to further identify the role of the junctional zone in various obstetrical and gynecological diseases.

[Faisal Kashgari, Ayman Oraif, Osamah Bajouh. The Uterine Junctional Zone. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):101-106]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.14.

Keywords: uterine; junctional Zone; prenatal; postnatal; obstetrical; gynecological; disease

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Bemisia tabaci (Gennadies) and Amblyseius cydnodactylon (Shehta and Zoher) together in the same ecological niche (Inseta, Aleyrodidae and Acari, phytoseiide)

El-Sharkawy, H.M.

Department of plant production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.

hamzash@hotmail.com

Abstract: The phytoseiide mite Amblyseius cydnodactylon (Shehta and Zoher) as predator on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadies) was studied at laboratory conditions, 25±2ºC and 70±5% R.H. The predatorwas able to feed and complete its development on the tested prey. The larval stage developed to the protonymphal stage without feeding. On the other hand, the consumption rate increased through the developmental stages, respectively. Maximum mean for the total food consumption of the female predator was recorded during the oviposition period, it consumed an average of (242.61) preys, while the average number of B. tabaci devoured during life span were (303. 8 and 212.65) preys for female and male, respectively. This study declared that A. cydnodactylon may be considered of great value for controlling B. tabaci under greenhouses and field crops in Egypt.

[El-Sharkawy, H. M. Bemisiatabaci (Gennadies) and Amblyseiuscydnodactylon (Shehta&Zoher) together in the same ecological niche (Inseta, Aleyrodidae & Acari, phytoseiide). Life Sci J 2015;12(12):107-111]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.15.

Key words: Bemisiatabaci, Amblyseiuscydnodactylon, biocontrol, phytoseiidae

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Cefotaxime Resistance in Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Hassan Hamdy¹; Ahmed ElBaz¹; Ramadan Essa¹; Dina Soliman²

¹ Department of Tropical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of Clinical Pathology and Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

ahmedelbaz75@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been increasingly reported especially to cefotaxime in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Objectives: To evaluate the recent changes in the profiles of microorganisms and cefotaxime effectiveness in treating SBP in Egyptian patients and listing of other antibiotics that can be used as its treatment. Methods: 254 cirrhotic patients with clinical suspicious of ascitic fluid infection were classified according to polymorphonuclear leukocytic count and culture to the following: 50 patients (19.6%) were diagnosed as SBP (group I), 161 patients (63.3%) were diagnosed as culture negative neutrocytic ascites (group II), 2 patients (0.7%) had monomicrobial non-neutrocytic ascites (group III), and 41 patients (16.1%) had no evidence of ascitic fluid infection (group IV). Treatment with cefotaxime, as 2gm intravenously every 8 hours started for 5 days. Clinical and biochemical response to cefotaxime was assessed with alternative antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity. Results: The isolated organisms found in group I were; Escherichia coli [64%], Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase negative) [16%], Citrobacter [12%], Klebsiella [2%], Proteus [2%], Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase positive) [2%] and Enterococci [2%]. In group III, Escherichia coli was found in 2 patients. Amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic (71.1%) followed by imipenem (44.2%). While in group I the isolated organisms were sensitive to cefotaxime in (34%) and only one isolated E. coli was sensitive to cefotaxime in group II. Conclusion: Cefotaxime effectiveness in treating SBP in Egyptian patients had been decreased and failure rate reached (66%) and isolated organisms mostly in vitro sensitive to amikacin.

[Hassan Hamdy; Ahmed ElBaz; Ramadan Essa; Dina Soliman. Cefotaxime Resistance in Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):112-118]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.16.

Keywords: Amikacin; Ascites; Polymorphonuclear count; Cefotaxime; Spontanous bacterial peritonitis

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The protective role of pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) juice against hepatotoxicity induced by pentylenetetrazol in epileptic rats

Abeer A. Khedr, Mohamed Fekry Serag El-Din, Hebe Ezz El- Din Yossef

Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Minufyia University, Shibin El- Kom, Egypt. khedr_a@yahoo.com

Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the greatest common neurological disorders which cause oxidative damages especially in the liver cells. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of pomegranate juice as a source of natural antioxidant on the liver functions and hepatic oxidative stress induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in epileptic rats. Pomegranate juice had 43.3% antioxidant activity and contained good quantities of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanin which are considered the main components of non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system .Forty eight rats were randomly divided into three groups, the first group, normal control group (n=16). The second and third groups (n=16 for each) were received a daily oral dose 5 and 10 μL/g of body weight (B.W) , respectively of pomegranate juice. At the 28^th day, the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and the half of rats of each group (n = 8) were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of (PTZ) (60 mg/kg of (B.W) and the other half rats were received the same dose of sterile isotonic saline solution without (PTZ). After 30 minutes, animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia. Injection of rats with (PTZ) resulted in an increase in liver functions alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamine transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphates (ALP) and total bilirubin in the serum. Pomegranate juice increased total antioxidant and vitamin C in the serum of rats and reduced the levels of liver functions in serum of rats, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the serum and liver of rats which induced by (PTZ). Increasing the level of pomegranate juice from 5 to 10μL/g of (B.W) was more effective in increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and reduction lipid peroxidation. In summary, the pretreatment with PJ had the ability to inhibition or decreasing of lipid oxidation and cell damage in the liver and serum of rats which induced by (PTZ).

[Abeer A. Khedr, Mohamed Fekry Serag El-Din, Hebe Ezz El- Din Yossef. The protective role of pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) juice against hepatotoxicity induced by pentylenetetrazol in epileptic rats. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):119-124]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.17.

Key words: Pomegranate juice, pentylenetetrazol, liver functions, oxidative stress

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Analysis and Examination on Cognitive Distraction for Travelers

Abdullah Bawakid

Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

abawakid@uj.edu.sa

Abstract: Many see driving as a simple and straightforward process especially after having extended experience in driving. The process is more complex and is not without its risks as drivers utilize different sets of skills requiring a cooperative effort between the mind, body and cognition. A previous study illustrated that most of vehicle crashes and a large percentage of near-crashes were due to a lack of attention from the drivers’ end. It was also found that the involvement of non-primary tasks which are not related directly to driving is among the most common types of inattention. In this article, we provide an overview on the concept of distraction for vehicle travelers. We go through the different variations of distraction as presented in the literature. Additionally, we explain how non-primary equipment in vehicles that are not related to driving may lead to distraction for humans. We present a categorization for the main types of distractions that may have an effect on vehicle travelers.

[Bawakid A. Analysis and Examination on Cognitive Distraction for Travelers. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):125-128]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.18.

Keywords: Cognitive Distraction; Drivers; inattention; Features Extraction; Fatigue

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Review of Restorative materials wear’s Process

Abdulelah M. Bin Mahfooz

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University.

binmahfooz@gmail.com

Abstract: Teeth and restorations are continuously subjected to physical and chemical degradation in the hostile oral environment. Although wear is usually slowly progressive, the extent and rate can be exacerbated by many patient, clinician related and material wise factors. No current material is able to satisfy all requirements of an ideal restorative material, and esthetic demands with economic considerations of patients often conflict with other important biologic and functional requirements. Tooth wear is an increasing problem, and many persons now wish to retain their natural dentitions for a lifetime. However, oral rehabilitation is often necessary because of the extensive “wear and tear” that has occurred over many years. The selection of appropriate materials to minimize further tooth and restoration wear is an important consideration during treatment planning. A mismatch of wear rates between teeth and restorations can result in more rapid exposure of dentin, with occlusal destabilization. Selection of restorative materials must be based on knowledge of their wear behavior and the individual needs of each patient. The lowest wear rates for restorations and the opposing dentition occur with metal alloys, machined ceramics, and hybrid resin composites. In this review, the behavior and process of restorative materials wear will be thoroughly explained.

[Abdulelah M. Bin Mahfooz. Review of Restorative materials wear’s Process. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):129-133]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.19.

Keywords: restorations, resin composite, glass ionomers, compomers, amalgam, ceramic restorations, gold, base metal, wear and clinical procedures

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Musculoskeletal Manifestations and Associated Complications of Malignancy

Noha A. Abd EL-Salam¹, Amany M. Abou-EL-Saoud¹, Hala A. Gaballah¹and Ahmed Z. AL-Attar²

¹ Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, and ²Clinical Oncology Departments, Faculty of Medicine- Zagazig University Egypt

ahmedenbedo@hotmail.com

Abstract: The study included 215 patients with malignancy at Zagazig university hospitals 100 of them had solid tumors and 115 had hematological type. All legible patients were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination (general, musculoskeletal, neurological, spine, skin). Laboratory workup including: (ESR, CRP, CBC, LFT, KFT, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum uric acid,alkaline phosphatase and some patients subjected to ANCA, anti-dsDNA, Anti-CCP and antiphospholipids antibodies (IgG and IgM) according to their clinical condition). Radiology and imaging workup including: (X-ray- DEXA- bone scan). Results: There was significant increase in hematological more than solid tumors as regards arthritis and arthralgia. Arthritis detected in (32.17%) and arthralgia detected in (38.26%) of patients with hematological tumors. there was significant increase in hematological more than solid tumors as regards drugs causing arthritis; it was detected in (21.67%) of patients with hematological tumors. There is significant increase in solid more than hematological tumors as regards frozen shoulder, lymphedema and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; they were detected in (30%, 24%, 8%) respectively, in patients with solid tumors. there is significant increase in solid more than hematological tumors as regards upper motor neuron lesions and brachial plexopathies and their percentages were (13% and 10%) respectively, in patients with solid tumors. While there is significant increase in hematological tumors more than solid tumors as regards mixed peripheral neuropathy and drug causing peripheral neuropathy; they were detected in (7% and 15.7%) respectively, in patients with hematological tumors. Also, we found that there is significant increase in solid more than hematological tumors as regards osteoporosis; it was detected in 60% in patients with solid tumors and as regards drugs causing osteoporosis; it was detected in 53% in patients with solid tumors.

[Noha A. Abd EL-Salam, Amany M. Abou-EL-Saoud, Hala A. Gaballah and Ahmed Z.AL-Attar. Musculoskeletal Manifestations and Associated Complications of Malignancy. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):134-142]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.20.

Keyword; Musculoskeletal, malignancy, complications

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Parametric Study of Skew Bridge Decks

Medhat Kamal Abdullah

Associate Professor Department of Civil Eng., Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

infra@infraconsultants.org

Abstract: The impact of major parameters on the structural behavior of skew bridges is investigated. The main parameters included in this research are: 1- The rigidity of supports, 2- The type of the bridge deck, and 3- The angle of skew. The changes in the structural behavior of the bridges are presented through the change in the reactions and the bending moments of the bridges.

[Medhat Kamal Abdullah. Parametric Study of Skew Bridge Decks. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):143-150]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.21.

Keywords: Skew bridges- slab deck- grillage- steel deck

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