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More Internists, Family Physicians, and Paediatricians and Less Obstetricians/ Gynaecologists: Challenges to the Workforce

Rahila Iftikhar, Bahaa Aba Alkhail, Yousef Bahaa Aba Alkhail  and Majid Bahaa Aba Alkhail

Community and Family Medicine Department, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Email: rahila_iftikhar@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Given that a particular specialty choice is also a key factor that determines the distribution of physicians and specialists at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare centres, it is important to study students’ preferences for specialties and the factors that influence their choices to identify gaps in medical workforce placement. This study aims to examine the specialty choice of medical students and interns and the factors that influenced their preferences. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed between December 2013 and March 2014 on medical students and interns at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and information regarding specialty choice as well as factors that influenced student decision-making. Chi-square tests were performed to examine the relationship between categorical variables. Results: Of 301 respondents, 257 (85.4%) knew what specialty they planned to pursue. The most common specialty choices were medicine (n=34; 13.2%), family medicine (n=29; 11.3%) and paediatrics (n=27; 10.5%). A higher proportion of females selected paediatrics, family medicine, medicine, and cardiology as compared to their male peers who indicated an interest in orthopaedics, neurology, and surgery. Interns were more likely than sixth year medical students to select a specialty because of their inclinations before medical school (p=0.01); male students were more likely to select a specialty for future financial expectations (p=0.002) as well as promotion and career prospects (p=0.04). Conclusion: Students and interns expressed interest in paediatrics, family medicine, internal medicine, and surgery. Financial expectations, promotion, and career prospects, and inclinations before medical school influence their choices.

[Rahila Iftikhar, Bahaa Aba Alkhail, Yousef Bahaa Aba Alkhail, and Majid Bahaa Aba Alkhail. More Internists, Family Physicians, and Paediatricians and Less Obstetricians/ Gynaecologists: Challenges to the Workforce. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):1-7]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.01

Keywords: intern; medical school; medical students; specialty choice

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Essential Competencies for Teachers of Children with Special Needs in Early Intervention Programs

Yahia F. Obaidat

Special Education Department, Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University, KSA

E-mail: yobaidat@kau.edu.sa,  dr.yahiakau@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to determine essential competencies for teachers working in early intervention programs in Jeddah. The sample consisted of 57 female teachers. Results of the study showed that teachers’ recognition of the importance of these competencies was high for the overall degree and in all dimensions. However, the degree to which they possess these competencies varied between high and moderate for the dimensions mentioned and was moderate for the overall degree. Moreover, the results showed that there were no differences in teachers’ estimation of the importance of these competencies which is attributed to the variables of major and years of experience. Teachers majored in special education valued their possessed competencies higher than those who are not majored in special education; whereas those who have longer years of experience (5-10 and 10+) valued their possessed competencies with a higher degree compared to those who have shorter years of experience.

[Yahia F. Obaidat. Essential Competencies for Teachers of Children with Special Needs in Early Intervention Programs. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):8-20]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.02

Key words: competencies, teachers, early intervention.

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Effect of roasting at 180˚c for 30 minutes on the sugars content of carob powder

Hanan A. Jambi

Food and Nutrition Dept, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul Aziz Univ., Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah

hjambi@gmail.com

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of roasting at 180ºC for 30 minutes on the sugars of carob powder. We evaluated the reducing and non-reducing sugars as well as total sugars at carob powder before and after the roasting treatment. Also, we identified the sugars before and after the treatment by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total sugars were increased by roasting treatment by percent 68.81%. Carob powder before roasting was contained 47.83% total sugars. HPLC- analysis for both powders were showed that, carob powder was contained a high amount from sucrose, maltose, glucose, arabinose and lactose. Roasting treatment was increased the succharides content, except, glucoromic.

[Hanan A. Jambi. Effect of roasting at 180˚c for 30 minutes on the sugars content of carob powder. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):21-24]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.03

Keywords: Carob – roasting – sugars - HPLC

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The compact of temperature on Hyalomma dromedarii larval ticks that feed on Testudograeca turtles

Nada O. Edrees

Department of Biology – Zoology- Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University– Jeddah- Saudi arabia

nedrees@kau.edu.sa ; nada.algalb@hotmail.com

Abstract: Ticks are obligate parasites that feed on the blood of many animals. Haylommaticks are parasites which attach to turtles and other organisms. This study was conducted to determine the probability of Hyalommad romedarii ticks parasitism on the turtles bred at homes as is a common hobby in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. H. dromedarii ticks are widely spread in the desert areas in North Africa, Sudan and the Arabian Peninsula and are the major vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria that cause Lyme disease. In some areas, reptiles are considered the mainhosts of the genus Haylomma during the juvenile stages which makes this relationship between host and parasite an exciting one. In order to shed more light on the complex relationship between host and parasite, we infected Testudograeca turtles with Hyalomma dromedarii ticks. The goal was to study of the effects of temperature on feeding duration, i.e. the number of days needed for reaching repletion, the number of ticks that succeed in feeding to repletion, and the feeding efficiency that resulted in repleting H. dromedarii larval tick mass. Experiments were conducted on the turtles through exposing them to three levels of temperature (25°C, 35°C and 40°C). Larvae feeding at 25°C temperature took twice the time taken by larvae feeding at of 40°Ctemperature and approximately the two-thirds of the time that it takes at 3° C. It is posited that temperature during feeding period plays a role through its effects on the circulatory system of the host and functionality of ticks’ salivary proteins. Study results demonstrated that temperature is a factor that impacts on the feeding of H. dromedarii and similar species of ticks. Further research is needed to clarify the exact mechanisms behind the effects of temperature on ticks feeding and the role of local climate and microclimate in a more detailed way.

[Nada O. Edrees. The compact of temperature on Hyalomma dromedarii larval ticks that feed on Testudo graeca turtles. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):25-32]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.04

Keywords: Hyalomma dromedarii, Testudo graeca, turtles, tick, ectoparasites

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Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Advances and Challenges

Salmiaton Ali ¹, Firoozeh Danafar ^1,2

¹ Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

² Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Email Address: f.danafar@gmail.com

Abstract: Controlled- release fertilizers (CRFs) offer an excellent option to improve nutrients uptake by plants and reduce the environmental hazards due to excess release of chemicals. Polymer-coated fertilizers, compared to the other types of CRF, are by far the most intensively researched topic because of their great characteristics. Polymer-coated fertilizers, which are less sensitive to the soil and environmental factors, offer superior control over nutrients release for plants uptake. In recent years, the art has mainly focused on the design of biodegradable polymer-based coating for fertilizers considering the effective control on nutrient release. This review covers the basic information about CRFs with an emphasis on the development of polymer-coated fertilizers. Topics that are discussed herewith include materials and methods utilized for coated fertilizer, particularly polymer-coated fertilizers, manufacturing and related issues. The large market potential for fertilizer using necessitates more studies for development and commercial production of polymer-coated fertilizers.

[Salmiaton Ali, Firoozeh Danafar. Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Advances and Challenges. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):33-45]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.05

Keywords: Controlled-release fertilizer, nutrient, coating material, polymers, environment

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Child victimization as a component of family violence in Abha City

Abdulwahab Mohammad Al-Almaei¹, Hassan M. Al-Musa²

^1.  Resident, Family Medicine Programme, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

^2.  Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

fcmcomkku@gmail.com; almusa3@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To assess prevalence of child victimization among intermediate school children in Abha City, and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence. Subjects and Methods: The researcher included 700 intermediate school children in this study (350 boys and 350 girls in Abha. The data collection sheet comprised the personal characteristics and a modified version of the “Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire” was constructed. Results: The majority of school children were victimized by different types of maltreatment during the past year. Neglect was of the highest prevalence (98%), followed by psychological abuse (91%), emotional bullying (89.9%), physical abuse (88.1%) and lastly abduction (4.6%). Regarding indirect victimization at home, 88.9% of schoolchildren witnessed violence between their parents while 94.6% witnessed physical violence against their brothers/sisters. Poly-victimization occurred among 95.3% of schoolchildren. Physical abuse was more among girls than boys, more among schoolchildren with younger parents (p=0.005 for fathers and p=0.037 for mothers), more among more educated fathers (p=0.049), and more among students with fathers whose occupation is either military or professional (p=0.004). Exposure to emotional abuse was more among younger students (p=0.013) and those with more educated fathers (p=0.021). Exposure to neglect was more among girls than boys (99.1% vs. 96.9%, respectively, p=0.039), less among students with last birth order (p=0.043) and among students with more educated fathers (p=0.021). Exposure to abduction was more among students with more number of brothers or sisters (p=0.006) and more among less educated parents (p=0.004 for fathers and p=0.013 for mothers). Bullying was less among girls than boys (81.2% vs. 86.9%, respectively, p-0.040), more among younger students (p=0.001), more among first-born students (p=0.020) and more among those with younger fathers (p=0.002). Emotional bullying was more among younger students (p=0.003), less among students with more number of brothers or sisters (p=0.001), more among those with younger fathers (p<0.001), and more educated parents (p=0.034 for fathers and p=0.033 for mothers). Indirect victimization was more among girls than boys (97.1% vs. 92.2%, respectively, p=0.005), more among non-Saudi students (p=0.004) and was significantly less among students with more number of brothers or sisters (p=0.007). Witnessing domestic violence was more among girls than boys (92.4% vs. 85.5%, respectively, p=0.004), less among students with more number of brothers or sisters (p=0.006), more among those with more educated fathers (p=0.013) and more among unemployed mothers (p=0.031). Polyvictimization was more among younger students (p=0.018), more among non-Saudi students (p=0.033), less among students with more brothers or sisters (p<0.001), more among those with more educated fathers (p=0.002) and was more among unemployed mothers (p=0.009). Conclusions: Prevalence of child victimization among intermediate schoolchildren in Abha City is high. Neglect is the type of highest prevalence. Most schoolchildren witness violence between their parents and physical violence against their brothers/sisters. Polyvictimization affects the majority of intermediate school schoolchildren. Characteristics associated with higher occurrence of maltreatment are: being a girl, younger age, being non-Saudi, young parent, higher parental education, professional occupation of the father and mother’s unemployment.

[Al-Almaei AM, Al-Musa AH. Child victimization as a component of family violence in Abha City. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):46-57]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.06

Keywords: Victimization, abuse, abduction, violence, domestic

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Association between Health Locus of Control, Self-care and Self-efficacy in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis

Sahar Mahmoud¹ and Nahla Ahmed AbdElaziz²

¹ Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo. Egypt

²Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo. Egypt

drsaharmahmoud@ymail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to find out the association between health locus of control, self efficacy and self care abilities. Methods: This study is a descriptive; correlation study was done to 120 hemodialysis patients. The study was conducted at the Nephrology Hemodialysis Units of the Specialized Ain Shams Hospital, and Ain Shams University Hospitals. The data collection tools included: Interview questionnaire sheet, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale, The Chronic kidney Disease Self-Efficacy (CKD-SE) Instrument and Hemodialysis patients’ self-care measurement scale. Results: the mean age of hemodialysis patientswas 32.08± 7.66 and more than half of patients undergoing dialysis for 3- <5 years. More half of the health locus of control and self care abilities, only less than half of them 48.3% have a complete self efficacy. There was high significant relation among health locus of control, self efficacy and self care abilities. And also between self efficacy and self care abilities. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients with high locus of control have high level of self efficacy and desirable level of self care abilities.

[Sahar Mahmoud and Nahla Ahmed AbdElaziz. Association between Health Locus of Control, Self-care and Self-efficacy in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):58-72]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.07

Key words: Hemodialysis – Self efficacy – Self care – Health locus of control – Self care abilities

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Synthesis, Coating and Biological evaluation of Ecofriendly fatty acid Hydrazide Derivatives

Shaker N.O., N. A. Alian, M. M. El-Sawyand S.A. Bakr

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al –Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

maha_el_sawy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fatty acid hydrazides are used as starting materials to synthesize some important fatty acid hydrazides derivatives by reacting fatty hydrazides (Olive and sunflower oils as well as oleic and linoleic acids) with carbon disulphide, monochloroacetic acid and maleic anhydride to obtain fatty oxadiazole, oxapyridazinone and pyridazine derivatives, respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of IR and H¹- NMR spectra. Surface coating properties of the prepared compounds were studied in terms of drying time, chemical resistance & mechanical tests. All the prepared compounds showed good coating properties. The prepared compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against the representative group of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as p. flourescense, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. and also tested for antifungal activity against Aspergillusniger and Candida albicam.

[Shaker N.O., N. A.Alian,M. M.El-Sawyand S.A.Bakr. Synthesis, Coating and Biological evaluation of Ecofriendly fatty acid Hydrazide Derivatives. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):73-79]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.08

Keywords: Fatty acid hydrazide, oxadiazole, oxapyridazinone, maleazine, antibacterial, antifungal coating properties.

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Supervised Classification and Lineaments Extraction of SPOT-5 Imageries in the Geological Mapping of Kutaina–Al Hajar Area, Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

Adel Zein Bishta, Abdullah Rasheed Sonbul

Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University

Telephone: +966530911301; Emails: abishta@kau.edu.sa or adel_zein2@yahoo.com

Abstract: Supervised classification and lineaments extraction techniques were applied to the SPOT-5 data for the geological mapping of Kutaina–Al hajar area of the Asir terrane in the southern part of the Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. The area under study has mainly N-S trending metamorphic and Metasediments belts. These rocks are hosted economic mineralization such as gold and copper, located at Kutaina mine in the north and Al Hajar mine in the south. The metamorphic rocks are emplaced by different plutonic intrusions of primarily diorite, syenite and porphyry granite bodies. This study aims to using the image processing techniques for the geological mapping and determine the factors controlled the mineralized alteration zones of the investigated area. SPOT-5 Multispectral data and the interpretation of the constructed color composite SPOT image and the field verification produced a detailed geological map, of Kutaina–Al Hajar area in scale 1:20,000.

[Adel Zein Bishta, Abdullah Rasheed Sonbul. Supervised Classification and Lineaments Extraction of SPOT-5 Imageries in the Geological Mapping of Kutaina-Al Hajar Area, Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):80-92]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.09

Keywords: Supervised classification; lineaments extraction; alteration zones; Arabian Shield, Kutaina mine; Al Hajar gold mine

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Functional outcome improvement with Studer’s orthotopic Neobladder after radical cystectomy, 10 years’ experience

Ali Zedan, M.D., MRCS¹, Haisam Atta,M.D.², Dalia Mohamed M.D.³ and Abeer Ibrahim M.D.⁴

¹Department of Surgical Oncology,²Department of oncoradiology, ³ Department of Radiation Oncology,

⁴ Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI), Assiut University, Egypt

alizedan73@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study was to retrospectively study the feasibility and results of Studer’s orthotopic bladder in the last decade. We retrospectively identified 39 patients who underwent Radical cystectomy and Studer’s Orthotopic Neobladder in South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) for the period January 2004 to January 2014. We evaluated oncological and functional outcomes—peri-operative and late complications. Results: There were 39 patients (37 men and 2 women) studied in total. The median age was 55 years. Median operating time was 315 min. Median blood loss 1000 ml. Median hospital stay was 14 days. Bilateral nerve sparing in 25 patients (64.1%). Seminal sparing in two patients (5.1%). Early complication in 12 patients (30.8%). Late complication in 8 patients 20.5%). Overall 5-year survival was 28 patients (71.8%). Overall cancer-specific mortality was 6 patients (15.4%). Surgery-related overall mortality was 2 patients (5.1%). Overall recurrence rate in 6 patients(15.4%), with local pelvic recurrence in two patients (5.1%) and distant metastasis in 4 patients (10.3%). 27 patients (69.2%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. 26 patients (66.7%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Pathological TNM staging; IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA was 4 patients (10.3%), 4 patients (10.3%), 14 patients (35.9%), 3 patients (7.7%), 14 patients (35.9%), respectively. Continence after 6 months; Day-time, Night-time were 33 patients (84.6%), 18 patients( 46.2%), respectively. Continence after 1 year; Day-time, Night-time were 36 patients (92.3%), 35 patients (89.7%), respectively. Ability to empty in 36 patients (92.3%). The radiological evaluation in each patient were revised; the oncological outcome were revised with RECIST criteria (version 1.1) while the bladder capacity and postmicturation residue were calculated by prolate ellipsoid equation. Median bladder capacity after 6 and 12 months wee 320mL and 480mL, respectively. Median residual urine after 6 and 12 months were 30mL and 15mL, respectively. Conclusion: Studer’s Orthotopic Neobladder is a safe and effective option for urinary diversion in selected patients with good oncological and functional outcomes, and has an acceptable early and late complication rate.

[Ali Zedan, Haisam Atta, Dalia Mohamed and Abeer Ibrahim. Functional outcome improvement with Studer’s orthotopic Neobladder after radical cystectomy, 10 years’ experience. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):93-98]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.10.

Keywords: Studer’s- orthotopic Neobladder - radical cystectomy

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A Decision Support System for Total Phosphorus Management in Lake Manzala

Mona M. Mustafa^1*, Nadia B.E. Badr², Maged M.A. Hussein³, Abir Abdel Hamid Mahmoud Amer⁴ and Alaa El Din Mohamed El-Ghazali<sup>5

1</sup>Fish Rearing Lab., Aquaculture Division, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
²Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
³Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Environmental Division, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
⁴Computer and Information Systems Department, SAMS, Alexandria, Egypt
⁵Computer and Information Systems Department, SAMS, Cairo, Egypt

* E-mail: monamustafa153@yahoo.com

Abstract: Eutrophication of lakes can have significant negative ecological, health social and economic impacts on human use of a primary and finite resource. Lake Manzala has suffered from a high level of eutrophication, due to the heavy load of nutrients especially phosphorus. Reduction of Total Phosphorous System (RTPS) has been conducted to solve the high level of eutrophication and pollution problems of Lake Manzala, which are unstructured and complex problem.  It is a propose system use Decision Support System (DSS) which contain model. The main component of RTPS is the inclusion of RTP model that was implemented in this study to understand the geo-chemical behavior of total phosphorous (TP) across water and sediments boundary and to calculate its concentration in the whole lake water volume (P₁) and sediment volume (P₂) as a result of discharging loads.  The resulting seasonal budgets showed that the TP input values to Lake Manzala (from drains and re-suspension process) were more than the output values (out flowing and settling) during the four seasons of the year. These reflected the imbalance (an accumulation) of TP inside the lake and indicated that this lake is in a highly eutrophic status. This model is considered as a useful water quality management tool in designing TP reducing scenarios. The first scenario is the reduction of TP concentration in water drains, while the second one is the reduction of TP concentration in water drains and Lake Sediment. Furthermore, in each scenario there are multiple alternatives through ratios of reduced TP. It was found that 30% reduction of TP from each drain could act as an important solution for quick recovery of the lake condition to reach 560.56 mg·m^-3 of TP’s initial concentration (1590 mg·m^-3 in spring season) after 10 days and a maximum 433.37 mg·m^-3after 100 days.

[Mona M. Mustafa, Nadia B.E. Badr, Maged M.A. Hussein, Abir Abdel Hamid Mahmoud Amer and Alaa El Din Mohamed El-Ghazali. A Decision Support System for Total Phosphorus Management in Lake Manzala. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):99-110]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.11.

Keyword: DSS, Model, Total Phosphorus, Eutrophication, Lake Manzala

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Molecular and Genetic Variation among Aphanius dispar and Aphanius fasciatus (cyprinodontidae) using RAPD-PCR, Protein and Isozymes Electrophoresis

 Abdul Rahman A. I. Alyahya

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical   Sciences, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Family Cyprinodontidae is represented by two species, Aphanius dispar (Arabian killifish) and Aphanius fasciatus (Mediterranean killifish). A. dispar is distributed in brackish water as well as marine water. In view of this adaptive versatility, their chromosomal complement was examined to study the type of chromosomes. The use of the electrophoresis heretic analysis of the muscle proteins patterns of the two species and their hybrid indicated that each of both valid species have distinct protein patterns. High genotypic diversity was found within populations. Among the two Aphanius species 21 banding positions, were resolved, the electrophoresis showed a species-specific pattern and in some cases these patterns differ of the same species. There are few characters have been detected by morphological analysis. The general genetic polymorphisms and structure of variability among the two species cyprinodont fishes and to carry out genetic variation studies based on modern techniques. To study some biological and genetic variations among Aphanius species we used a protein-banding patterns muscle proteins, esterase isozyme polymorphisms and RAPD-PCR DNA markers. Restriction endonucleases of the genomic DNA have been used to detect the genetic variability among and within fish populations. It was found that these are  the most successful and accurate methods. The relative from, molecular weight (MW) and band frequency fingerprints that generated by the 3 primers revealed unique for each Aphanius species in terms of number and position of RAPD bands.
[Abdul Rahman A. I. Alyahya. Molecular and Genetic Variation among Aphanius dispar and Aphanius fasciatus (cyprinodontidae) using RAPD-PCR, Protein and Isozymes Electrophoresis. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):111-118]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.12.

Key words: Molecular and Genetic Variation, Aphanius, cyprinodontidae, RAPD-PCR, Protein and Isozymes Electrophoresis

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Using Uniplex and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays For Molecular Diagnosis Of Indicator Pathogens in Non Sterile Pharmaceutical Products

 Hamido M. Hefny and Mohammed S. Alhussaini

 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Detection of four USP indicator bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhymurium) is one of the mandatory tests in microbial quality of non sterile pharmaceutical products; therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of the contaminations is of great importance for product release. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for simultaneous detection and identification of four indicator pathogenic bacteria in a single reaction. Uniplex PCR was performed for the detection of each microorganism individually targeting the conserved region in each bacterial genome.  A multiplex PCR was used as an alternative rapid & accurate technique for detection of these indicator bacteria  in samples of oral and topical products. Specific primers for indicator bacteria, were applied to allow simultaneous detection of them, and the sensitivity and specificity of each primer pairs were determined. Validation of the PCR analysis scheme was performed for every product, to exclude the inhibitory and masking effect of the product formula on the contaminated microorganisms. In the mPCR with mixed DNA samples, specific bands for corresponding bacteria were simultaneously detected. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products revealed 100% specificity of mPCR with single bands in the expected sizes. Low levels of microbial contamination less than 10 cfu per milliliter or gram of product were detected using mPCR assay. Gel electrophoresis results showed that all tested samples, which were inoculated artificially with the control bacteria, were free of interfering substances. The detection of all four indicator pathogenic bacteria were completed in less than 24 h with this novel mPCR method, whereas the conventional USP methods and uniplex PCR required 5–6 days and 27 h for completion, respectively. It was concluded that the application of mPCR technology in microbial quality control of non sterile pharmaceutical products can be performed in rapid and accurate detection of objectionable microorganisms and allows for the cost-effective detection of all bacterial pathogens and timely manner in pharmaceutical industry, which leads to faster release of products and more rapid implementation of corrective actions.

[Hamido M. Hefny and Mohammed S. Alhussaini. Using Uniplex and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays For Molecular Diagnosis Of Indicator Pathogens in Non Sterile Pharmaceutical Products. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):119-133]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.13.

Keywords:  Uniplex PCR, Multiplex PCR, Indicator pathogens, Pharmaceuticals products.

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Involvement in the Mosque Programs and its Relationship in Strengthening the Islamic Faith among Muslim Converts in Malaysia

Mariam Abd Majid¹, Razaleigh Muhamat Kawangit², Marlon Pontino Guleng³

¹Department of Da’wah and Management, International Islamic University College, Selangor, Malaysia

²Department of Da’wah and Leadership Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Department of Da’wah and Management, International Islamic University College, Selangor, Malaysia

raza@ukm.edu.my

Abstract: Mosque responsibles for organizing any program involving various of community members including Muslim converts, especially in matters of strengthening the faith of these group of people. This study aims to analyze the involvement of the Muslim converts in the mosque programs and its relationship in strengthening the Islamic faith among them, in addition to identifying the activities conducted by the mosque. The research methodology is in quantitative form with survey method towards 210 respondents among the residents around the mosque area. Questionnaires were distributed using simple random sampling. The obtained data were processed and analyzed by descriptive and inferential using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. The findings descriptively show that the involvement of Muslim converts in the mosque programs is at a high level (mean = 3.03), while the strengthening of the Islamic faith is also at high level (mean = 3.31). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the involvement in the mosque programs (r = 0.689, p < 0.01) and strengthening the Islamic faith among Muslim converts (r = 0.765, p < 0.01) in Malaysia.

[Mariam Abd Majid. Involvement in the Mosque Programs and its Relationship in Strengthening the Islamic Faith among Muslim Converts in Malaysia. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):134-139]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.14.

Keywords: Muslim Converts, Strengthening, Mosque, Faith, Relationship

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Analysis and Usage: Cloud Computing Technology in the Supply Chain Management

Dr. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan^{1, 3}, Prof. Dong Qian Li¹, Ms. Zhang Yu²

 ^1. School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710064, China
^2. School of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710064, China
^3. A Member of APCIS, Chicago, IL, US
sarehman_cscp@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the supply chain management, several processes are involved and integrated together to make them efficient and effective. Mainly the products or material move from supplier side to down-stream with the value- addition. Information technology refers to use for the information sharing with partners of supply chain, storing and managing data etc. there is no doubt; due to the usage of latest technology, supply chain become more productive and efficient. Information collaboration systems based on the technology of “cloud computing” offer efficient information system based on cloud computing technologies such as “Platform as service”, “software as service” and “infra-structure as service”. With the accessibility to use “anywhere and anytime” cloud services offer sharing of resources of its services to supply chain management. Information sharing in the supply chain is demand driven through nature, decrease / increase globally so it’s should not require centralize system. This article, adopts the idea of cloud-computing technology to give an effective and efficient solution for supply chain using decentralized data- center of cloud-computing.

[Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman, Dong, Qian Li, & Zhang, Yu. Analysis and Usage: Cloud Computing Technology in the Supply Chain Management. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):140-144]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.15.

Keywords: Cloud Computing; Supply Chain Management; Information Technology; Software-as-Service; Centralization

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The Histological Structure of the Pyloric Valve in the Yemeni Honey Bees Queen and Worker (Indigenous) Apis Mellifera jemenatica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Almehmadi_, R. M¹, Al-Ghamdi, A. A.² and Aljedani, D. M.³

^(1,3) Department of Biology - Faculty of  Sciences - AL Faisaliah Campus.

King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

d_almehmadi@yahoo.com , ralmehmadi@kau.edu.sa

⁽²⁾ Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research- Department of Plant Protection- College of Food and Agricultural Since- King Saudi University- Riyadh - Saudi Arabia. P.O. Box 19516 Jeddah 21445

Abstract: The study aims to investigate the histological structure of the Pyloric valve in Yemeni (local bee) honey bee queen and worker Api smellifera jemenatica ( Hymenoptera :Apidae) Ruttner, and keep track of the difference in histological structure in all stages and ages. Two medium power communities have been selected from the pure local bee breed to obtain individuals of honey bees there from in different ages to carry out histological studies there on. In the larval stage; of which two ages, the third and fifth, have been studied in both the queen and the worker; as queen larvae were fed an intensive diet of royal jelly throughout the larval stage evolution, while the worker larvae were fed royal gel in the first three days only, but in fifth age, it was fed a mixture of honey and bee bread, and the pupal stage was studied at all levels in the case of the queen, while in the case of the worker, the pupal stage was studied on the first, fourth and seventh days, and the mature phase in the virgin queen. The results in the various ages of the workers showed the accuracy and miracles in the composition of such insect, as it has been found differences in between the honey bee queen and the worker as well as difference in the different ages. The results showed up that pyloric valve passes through different degrees of development in different phases during transformation process. It was found through study that the queen tissues in all phases were more advanced than those in the worker, and that there is a clear effect of the type of food on the histological structure of the pyloric valve.

[Almehmadi_, R. M, Al-Ghamdi, A. A. and Aljedani, D. M. The Histological Structure of the Pyloric Valve in the Yemeni Honey Bees Queen and Worker (Indigenous) Apis Mellifera jemenatica (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Life Sci J 2015;12(11):145-153]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.16.

Key words:   Pyloric  valve, Queen,worker, Apismelliferajemenatica Histological studies Epithelial cells,

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Percutaneous local injection of combined ethanol and mitoxantron versus radiofrequency ablation in treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

¹Alaa Fayed, M.D., ¹Mostafa M. Toam, M.D., ²Khaled M. EL-Gerby, M.D.,³ Mohamad Ibrahim Radwan, M.D.

¹Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University, Egypt.

²Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University, Egypt.

³Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University, Egypt.

fayed_alaa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant cancer and is the fifth common cancer in the World. Regional interventional therapies have led to a major breakthrough in the management of HCC. Mitoxantron additive to ethanol may be a highly effective approach in treatment of HCC. A comparison between this approach and radiofrequency ablation RFA will be proposed to compare their relative effectiveness. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients with focal hepatic lesions proved to be HCC. All patients had one single lesion < 5 cm in diameter. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, group A (20 patients) and group B (20 patients), group A patients were treated by percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) followed by intralesional single injection of Mitoxanterone, while group B patients were treated by Cool-tip RFA. Post treatment response was assessed by alpha-fetoprotein and Triphasic C.T. Results: The response rate was slightly higher in PEI, Mitoxanterone treated patients than RFA treated ones after one year follow up as shown by CT 60 Vs. 55% with no statistical significance P > 0.05. The patients’ survival rate was 100, 95 and 70% for PEI, Mitoxanterone treated patients Vs 100, 90 and 65% for RFA treated patients at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. For complete ablated lesions the survival was 100, 100 and 82.35% for PEI, Mitoxanterone treated patients Vs 100, 100 and 81.25% for RFA treated patients. Conclusion: Combined injection of ethanol followed by Mitoxantrone is a simple, safe, effective & cheap method in the ablation of HCC.

[Alaa Fayed, Mostafa M. Toam, Khaled M. EL-Gerby, Mohamad Ibrahim Radwan, Percutaneous local injection of combined ethanol and mitoxantron versus radiofrequency ablation in treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):154-161]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.17.

Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, radiofrequency, local injection

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Genetic Techniques To Evaluate Resistant And Susceptible Individuals Of Spodopter alittoralis (Boisduval) Progeny, And Esterases Activity

Mohanna, A.H. and El-Sharkawy, H.M.

Department of plant production, Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt.

hamzash@hotmail.com

Abstract: The population of any pest consists of three genotypes, (RR, RS, and SS) from the point of view of the pest resistance. Heterozygosity orhomozygosity within the individuals of any strain are due to the distribution of its genotype and frequencies. The present work is a trial to isolate and concentrate the highest and lowest susceptible individuals from the progeny of any strain, and save time to obtaining resistant and /or susceptible strains. The conducted technique aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of twenty egg masses from a laboratory strain of Spodopteralittoralis (Boisd.), and the same number from field (Kaliobeyagovernorate, Egypt). Each of them was a base line to susceptible and resistant strain; they were reared in a separate container till 4^th instar larvae. Larvae of each container were divided into two groups or portions. The first portion included 50 larvae of (4^th instar) which were subjected to treatment with LC₅₀ value of the original of each strain. The other portion was left without treatment and label for stress. Another technique was carried out to accelerate and concentrate the two phenomena. Traditional LC₅₀ dose of the original strains were used as a fixed dose on the first portion 4^th instar larvae for accurately discriminate between resistant and susceptible genotypes of each of the two tested strains, (i, e; highest kill of susceptible, while low kill for resistant individuals). Data based on LC₅₀ values showed that, developed traditional susceptible strain (dtss.), which resulted from laboratory strain was the highest susceptible strain followed by traditional susceptible strain (Tss). On the other hand, developed traditional resistant strain (individuals of field strain), exhibited remarkably moderate level of resistance of selected agent (RR; 14 47 fod), as compared with traditional resistant strain (Trs), which came next and recorded 8.45 fold during 4 successive generations. Differences in pseudo and truly esterase activity between various strains were demonstrated. Generally, it was clear that chlorpyrifos resistance in cotton leaf worm is principally due to increased, Beta esterase, Cholinesterase, followed by Aliphatic esterase, whereas Alpha esterase exhibited the effect slightly in this respect.

[Mohanna, A.H. and El-Sharkawy, H.M. Genetic Techniques to Evaluate Resistant and Susceptible Individualsof Spodopter alittoralis (Boisduval) Progeny, and Esterases Activity. Life Sci J 2015;12(11):162-167]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj121115.18.

Key words: SPodopter alittoralis, Resistant, Susceptible, Esterases

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