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Application of The Moment Method in The Spectral Domain

Mamdoh Gharbi, Adnan Affandi, Sami Ali

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdul Aziz University, P O Box:80204, Jeddah 21589

mamdohgharbi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Moment Method (MM) is employed in the spectral domain where piece-wise sinusoidal basis functions are used to expand the current distribution on the dipole. The current distribution and input impedance are calculated as functions of the layers parameters. The effects of the material anisotropy and superstrate (cover) parameters are studied. Expressions for the far-zone fields of the dipole in the anisotropic substrate-superstrate structure are derived, and radiation patterns are computed for different structure parameter. Finally, Improvement of Single-Element Antenna Design by using anisotropic layer will be demonstraited.

[Affandi A, Gharbi M, Ali S. Application of The Moment Method Spectral Integral Domain. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):1-23]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.01

Keywords: Moment method; dyadic Green’s function; current distribution; input impedance

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Effect of Different Light-Curing Units on Microhardness of Different Bulk Fill Materials

Mohammed Khalil Yousef, Abeer Ibrahim Abo El Nagaand Reem Ali Ajaj

Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

myousf@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of different curing units on the microhardness of three different bulk fill resin composites at different thicknesses. Methods: Three different bulk fill restorative materials (3M ESPE, Filtek Bulk Fill, St. Paul, MN, USA; Kerr, Sonic Fill, Orange, CA, USA; and DENTSPLY, SDR, DeTray GmbH, Germany) were tested in this study. Eighty discs of each tested material were made and divided into four subgroups (n=20) with different thicknesses (1, 2, 3 and 4 mm thicknesses). Each group was further subdivided into 2 classes (n=10); I. Cured with Elipar S10 (3M/ESPE), and II. Cured with Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) both for 20 seconds continuous curing. The specimens were tested for microhardness using Vickers Microhardness Tester. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using three way ANOVA statistical analysis with P-value set ≤ 0.05. Results: Sonic Fill had the statistically significant highest mean microhardness (128.4 ± 4.4). There was no statistically significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and SDR (120.9 ± 4.5 and 120.4 ± 3.8 respectively); both showed the statistically significant lowest mean microhardness. There was no statistically significant difference between ultra thin and thin composite thickness subgroups; both showed the statistically significantly highest mean microhardness (125.2 ± 4.6 and 124.5 ± 4.5 respectively). Medium thickness subgroup showed statistically significantly lower mean microhardness (123.5 ± 4.5). Thick composite thickness subgroup showed the statistically significantly lowest mean microhardness (119.7 ± 6.7). Class II samples (using Bluephase Ivoclar Vivadent curing unit) had statistically significant higher mean microhardness (126.5 ± 5.0) than class I samples (using Elipar S10 3M/ESPE curing unit) (120.0 ± 3.9) regardless of the other variables. Conclusion: Composite type, composite thickness, curing unit and the interaction between the three variables had a statistically significant effect on the mean surface microhardness. Clinical Significance: Selecting the appropriate light-curing unit with the appropriate increment thickness for the resin composite material used are important factors to determine the success of the restoration. Careful consideration of these factors and precise follow of the manufacturers’ instructions is very important to ensure producing reliable and desired results.

[Mohammed Khalil Yousef, Abeer Ibrahim Abo El Naga and Reem Ali Ajaj. Effect of Different Light-Curing Units on Microhardness of Different Bulk Fill Materials. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):24-30]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.02

Keywords: Curing mode, Resin Composite, Microhardness, Bulk Fill

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The Effect of Telmisartan and Amlodipine on Hypertension Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis

Guo Yueling¹, Han Shuqin², Zhang Haiying^*, Jiang Jinpeng³

¹Department of medical engineering, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing China, 100125.

² Pharmacy department, The first hospital of Shi Jiazhuang city, HeBei province, China, 050011.

³Department of nuclear medicine, General Armed Police Hospital, Beijing, China, 100039

E-mail: 13910796058@163.com

Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of amlodipine and telmisartan on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）and carotid artery intima-media thickness with hypertension. Methods: 78 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into（n=40） amlodipine and telmisartan group（n=38）. Amlodipine group was treated with amlodipine tablets 5 mg/d~10 mg/d and telmisartan group was treated with telmisartan tablets 40～80mg/d. Both groups were treated continuously for 12 months. Before and after treatment measured the blood pressure, plasma hs-CRP and cervical vessels ultrasonography among all subjects. Results: Blood pressure, hs-CRP, IMT was significantly decreased in two groups after 12 months treatment（P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance difference between amlodipine and telmisartan groups（P＞0.05）. Conclusion: Amlodipine and telmisartan had similar effect on anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerosis.

[Guo Yueling, Han Shuqin^, Zhang Haiying^, Jiang Jinpeng. The Effect of Telmisartan and Amlodipine on Hypertension Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):31-34]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.03

Key words：Hypertension; Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis; Amlodipine; Telmisartan

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Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on the progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease compared to the use of antioxidants and the combined use of both of them

Hassan S. Shaibah¹ and Ashraf Kotb²

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Saudi Arabia

²Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College

drashrafsalem@hotmail.com

Abstract: Diabetic kidney disease is a complication that occurs in some people with diabetes. It may progress to kidney failure in some cases. Among the best treatment is the aim to prevent or delay the progression of the disease. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can act to prevent the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as well as the antioxidants. It is a proven cornerstone of therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the use of the Renin Angiotensin blockades and antioxidants. This work aimed to study the effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system blockade on the progression of the kidney disease in rats compared to the use of the antioxidants and the use of both of them. Fifty white male albino rats were included in this study. The rats were divided into five groups. The first group was the control group, while group two was the diabetic and renal affected group, group three was the diabetic and renal affected group treated with Renin –Angiotensin –Aldosterone system blockade (Captopril). Group four was the diabetic and renal affected group treated with antioxidant alpha lipoic acid, while group five was the diabetic and renal affected group treated with both Renin –Angiotensin –Aldosterone system blockade (Captopril) and the antioxidant alpha lipoic acid. After one month glucose, and albuminuria were measured in urine, as well as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, as an indicator of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and increased renal peroxynitrite formation. While urea and creatinine were measured in blood. Rats of groups II, III, IV, and V were sacrificed and histopathologic slides were made to show the renal tissue. Groups II, III, IV and V all showed albuminuria but group V the diabetic and renal affected group treated with both the renin angiotensin aldosterone blockade captopril with the antioxidant lipoic acid showed least proteinuria followed by group III which was treated with renin angiotensin aldosterone blockade alone then group four treated with the antioxidant lipoic acid alone and lastly group II the diabetic and renal affected non treated group. The results for the urea and creatinine were significantly better in the group treated with both the renin aldosterone system blockade and the antioxidant lipoic acid than the group treated with the renin angiotensin aldosterone blockade alone then comes the group treated with the antioxidant lipoic acid alone and the diabetic and renal affected non treated group. Conclusion: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system blockade (Captopril) may be more beneficial in delaying the progression of the diabetic kidney disease than the antioxidants while the combined use of both of them may be much more beneficial in delaying the progression of the disease.

[Hassan S. Shaibah and Ashraf Kotb. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on the progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease compared to the use of antioxidants and the combined use of both of them. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):35-40]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.04

Keywords: ACE: Angiotensin convertase enzyme, ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker, GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, STZ: Streptozotocin, CKD: Chronic kidney disease, DKD: Diabetic kidney disease, RAAS: Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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Meiotic Behavior In Treated Vicia Faba Plant With Diprofos Drug

Salha. M. S. AL-Shamrani

Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author: sal-2006@hotmail.com

Abstract: The cytotoxicity of the corticosteroid drug "diprofos" (0.50, 1, 2 and 4ml /100ml) were examined on Vicia faba meiotic behavior. Vicia faba plants at the flowering stage spraying with the obvious diprofos concentrations to study the meiotic behavior after 24h. and 48h. from spraying. All diprofos treatments showed highly significant increased of abnormal pollen mother cells (PMC_s) which increased as the concentration and period duration increased. Abnormalities % at the second meiotic division were lower than those recorded in the first meiotic division in most treatments as a result of recovery in this cell age. On the other hand, the abnormalities were present in metaphase and anaphase stages at the first and second meiotic division. Stickiness and disturbed chromosomes were the most common abnormalities found in all phases of meiosis after diprofos treatments. In addition, laggard, bridges, breaks and micronuclei, which recorded with low percentages in some treatments. Results strongly suggest that diprofos drug has a cytotoxic effect on Vicia faba plant.

[Salha. M. S. AL-Shamrani. Meiotic Behavior In Treated Vicia Faba Plant With Diprofos Drug. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):41-45]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.05

Keywords: Mitotic activity, chromosomal abnormalities, Lagging chromosomes, bridges, fragments and Stickiness.

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In vitro genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L using gamma ray to induce salinity tolerance.

Elsayh S. A. A. ¹; Sarhan, A. Z.²; Amira Sh. Soliman³; Rayan A. O. and El-Shishtawy H.⁴

¹Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

²Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

³Natural Resources Department, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

⁴Secretariat of the National biosafety Committee Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

Corresponding author: sayedelsayh@yahoo.com

Abstract: This work aimed to induce mutation in Jatropha curcas L.in order to increase the salinity tolerance of it. The reaction was performed by exposing healthy callus to gamma ray at 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 Kr, and then the regenerated shoots were treated with sea salt concentrations at 0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 90.0 and 100.0% during two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014. Results showed that treated shoots resulted from both 20 and 25 Kr doses of gamma ray had a high survival percentages (93.3 % and 80.0% respectively) when treated with 90% of sea salt. In addition, shoots treated with gamma ray 20 and 25 kr gave a high survival percentage when treated with sea salt 100% (86.7 % and 66.7%, respectively). Significant differences were found between control and plants treated with sea salt in shoot number. Plants treated with 20 and 25 Kr doses and 90% concentration of sea salt gave 2.8 and 2.4 shoot/explants respectively. Treated plants with gamma ray 20 Kr dose and 90% sea salt showed shoot length of (3.6) compared to control treatment (3.4). Leave number gave the highest value in treatment 20 Kr and 90% sea salt (5.6). RAPD analysis had successfully generated reproducible polymorphic products. Five oligodecamers of operon kits (OPA-11, OPA-12, OPB-06, OPB-07, and OPD-15. A total of 66 amplicons from five primers were produced in PCR amplification reaction and the number of amplified DNA fragment by each primer ranged from 10 to 17 fragments. OPD-14 amplified the highest number of fragments (17 bands) while, OPB-07 produced the lowest number of bands (10).Finally, irradiation with 20 and 25 Kr dose and treatment with 90% and 100% sea salt resulted in high percentage of survival.

[Elsayh S. A. A.; Sarhan, A. Z.; Amira Sh. Soliman; Rayan A. O. and El-Shishtawy H. In vitro genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L using gamma ray to induce salinity tolerance. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):46-53]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.06

Key words: Jatropha curcas L., Sea salt concentration, Induced mutagenesis, RAPD-PCR, mutation breeding, bio-diesel oil.

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Impacts of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Processing Military Protection Wears on the Skin - Ultrastructure and Molecular Study

Sameh M. Abouzead¹, Nagui H. Fares², Abdelmordy M. Mohamed² and Yomna I. Mahmoud²

¹Technical Research Center of Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt

²Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Sameh_abouzead@yahoo.com

Abstract: With the rapid growth of nanotechnology especially in the field of military protection wears. There are growing concerns about the toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), as they helpfully provide many valuable applications in that field. For this purpose, this work was designed to evaluate the noxious effects of TiO₂-NPs on rabbits skin at the cellular and molecular levels. Three concentrations of aqueous suspensions of TiO₂-NPs (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %) w/v were prepared and tested on the shaved skin with three exposure times (24, 48 and 72hrs) for each concentration. The histology, morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of the skin were examined by the light and electron microscopy. In addition, to know to what extent such chemicals in the nanoform are harmful on the molecular level. Esterase patterns, general proteins and glutathione system of the skin were studied. The study demonstrates no evidence that TiO₂-NPs at the doses of 0.5 % (24, 48 and 72hrs), 1.0% (24, 48hrs), and 2.0 % (24hrs) could penetrate into the deeper Stratum Corneum (SC) layers, epidermis or dermis. Thus the barrier function of the skin was successful in limiting the passage of particles. On the contrary, the present work illustrated hazardous effects after 72hrs exposure to 1.0 % concentration as well as, 48 and 72hrs exposure to 2.0 % concentration of TiO₂-NPs. At the cellular level, the ultrastructure examinations revealed the penetration of these NPs through the SC layer, the penetration level increased in a time and dose dependent manner. At the molecular level, these doses showed signs of interaction with the protein contents of the skin as revealed by the disturbances in the SDS-PAGE banding pattern of general proteins, in addition, the inhibitory effect of TiO₂-NPs in the ESTs and glutathione enzymes demonstrate the participation of the ROS formation and the oxidative stress in the toxicity mechanism of these NPs.

[Sameh M. Abouzead, Nagui H. Fares, Abdelmordy M. Mohamed and Yomna I. Mahmoud. Impacts of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used in Processing Military Protection Wears on the Skin - Ultrastructure and Molecular Study. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):54-70]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.07

Keywords: Military Protection Wears. Nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide. Toxicity. Skin. Esterase. Proteins. glutathione.

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Growth and metabolic response of the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis to salinity stress of sodium chloride

Hawazin H. Mutawie

Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA.

mutawie@yahoo.com

Abstract: The filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis has been examined for salt tolerance. In this study, the influence of NaCl salinity on growth and some metabolites has been investigated. The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was grown at different salinities as 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 M NaCl which were enriched with Zarrouk medium. Improved growth and most of the investigated metabolites were determined with the culture grown under salinity up to 0.15 M of NaCl compared to control. It was found that growth, soluble protein and glycine betaine were stimulated at lower concentrations of NaCl (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 M) but were reduced at higher concentrations (0.20 and 0.25M). However, the growth rate was significantly reduced at higher concentrations of NaCl. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids were increased in NaCl concentration up to 0.15 M followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. On the other hand total phycobilins increased at the most lower concentration of NaCl (0.05 M), then it decreased with increasing NaCl concentration compared to control. It is interesting to note that insoluble and total protein decreased with increasing salinity, the same trend was also observed for conjugated and total amino acids. While, carbohydrates and proline content increased with the increase in NaCl concentrations. By investigating the effect of different levels of salinity on total antioxidant capacity; the results obtained revealed that, with the increase in concentration of NaCl up to 0.20 M, a progressively greater increase in the activity of the total antioxidants above the respective control was observed, while the minimum activity was detected at the most highest concentration of NaCl.

[Hawazin H. Mutawie. Growth and metabolic response of the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis to salinity stress of sodium chloride. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):71-78]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.08

Key words: Salinity, Spirulina platensis, growth, pigments, osmolytes, antioxidants.

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The interpretation of thermal characteristics of pigmented silicone maxillofacial prosthetic material after artificial aging in different conditions

Fahad H. Banasr

Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Email: fbanasr@hotmail.com

Abstract: In recent decades several maxillofacial polymers are used in facial prosthesis. Silicones or polysiloxanes are popular material used for constructing maxillofacial prostheses. These materials represent unique polymeric materials that have a widespread application in health care. The longevity of maxillofacial prostheses is dependent on the prosthesis material and the patient’s attitude toward the prosthesis. Pigmented color specimens of maxillofacial material were fabricated. They were divided into the following groups: Group (1): The specimens were aged only by exposure to accelerated artificial filtered xenon daylight UV-340 n\m for 360 hours and subjected to DSC and TGA tests. Group (II and III): The specimens were aged in the simulated storage solutions (acidic, alkaline and sebum solution) and exposed to accelerated artificial filtered xenon daylight for 360 hours. Group II pigmented specimens were subjected to DSC test, while group III was subjected to TGA test. The results of DSC curve interpretation revealed that the glass transition (T_g) temperature between the groups were statistically significant (F=88135.798). TGA curve results revealed that aging of pigmented sample of cosmesil silicone maxillofacial material of group (I b) showed a % of weight loss more than pigmented sample of group (IIIb). We concluded from this study that Cosmesil M511 silicone used for maxillofacial prostheses showed a significant difference in the thermal behavior of pigmented samples aged by UV artificial day light and pigmented samples aged in simulated alkaline solution and UV daylight.

[Fahad H. Banasr. The interpretation of thermal characteristics of pigmented silicone maxillofacial prosthetic material after artificial aging in different conditions. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):79-84]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.09

Keywords: Silicones, Thermalanalysis, differential scanning calorimetry, glasstransition, Thermogravimetrianalysis, aging

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Detection of Hemolysin gene and Antibiogramme of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Isolated From Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia in El-Sharkia governorate, Egypt

Eissa I. A. M.¹, Maather El-lamei¹, Mona Sherif², Fatma Youssef², Mona S. Zaki³, M. Bakry²

¹Dept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal Univ., Egypt

²Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia branch, Egypt.

³Dept. of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Egypt.

eissavet29@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, a well identified Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (identified by Vitek 2 system and sequencing and previously checkd for hemolysis on blood agar) isolated from cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during an outbreak of mass mortality was investigated for the virulence of bacteria by detection of hemolysin gene (asa1) and 16S rRNA (for confirmation of species) using multiplex PCR. Both ofhemolysin gene (asa1) and 16S rRNA was detected in the selected strain. The antibiogramme of the bacteria was investigated using biodisc diffusion test and Vitek 2 system and was found to be sensitive to Tigecycline, Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazol and Ciprofloxacin while it has intermediate sensitivity to Ceftriaxone. On the other side it was resistant to Cefazolin and Ampicillin/Sulbactam.

[Eissa I. A. M., Maather El-lamei, Mona Sherif, Fatma Youssef, Mona S. Zaki, M. Bakry. Detection of Hemolysin gene and Antibiogramme of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Isolated From Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia in El-Sharkia governorate Egypt. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):85-89]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.10

Key words: Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, Vitek 2 system, Hemolysin gene (asa1), Antibiogramme.

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Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria a Causative Agent of Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia in El-Sharkia governorate, Egypt

Eissa I. A. M¹., Maather El-lamei¹, Mona Sherif², E. Desuky³, Mona Zaki⁴, M. Bakry²

¹Dept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal Univ, Egypt.

²Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia branch, Egypt.

³Animal Health Research Institute, Port Said branch, Egypt.

⁴Dept. of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Egypt.

eissavet29@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, a total of 240Oreochromis niloticus species were collected randomly and monthly during an outbreak of disease mass mortalities from different fish farms in the areas of Bahr El-Baqar. Clinical signs and postmortem lesions of affected Oreochromis niloticus were recorded. The most isolated bacterial agent was Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria which identified using Vitek 2 system and traditional method as Aeromonas sobria. The identification was confirmed by detection of 16s rRNA gene by PCR then sequencing of this gene and by analysis of sequence was identified as Aeromonas veronii. The total prevalence was 86.25% in the four months. The highest prevalence was in July 95% followed by August 91.67% and June 86.67% then May 71.67%. The experimental infection was studied and the mortality was 70 and 35% of the I/P and I/M respectively.

[Eissa I. A. M., Maather El-lamei, Mona Sherif, E. Desuky, Mona S. Zaki and M. Bakry. Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria a Causative Agent of Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia in El-Sharkia governorate Egypt. Life Sci Life Sci J 2015;12(5):90-97]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.11

Key words: Oreochromis niloticus, PCR, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, Vitek 2 system.

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Flesh fly myiasis (Diptera :Sarcophagidae) Sarcophaga sp. Record from fish Pagrus pagrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Osteichtheyes: Sparidae)

Khalaf Nour Abd EL- Wahed Ammar

Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

drkhalafnour@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sarcophagidae from a diverse family in which all species are obligate parasites of domestic animals and accidentally humans causing myiasis, first-instar larva of flesh fly Sarcophagus sp. obtained from the gills, esophagus, stomach and intestine of fish Pagrus pagrus, were studied macroscopically by light and scanning electron microscope with particular reference to the anterior and posterior regions. Ultrastructural study reveals newly morphological features that not observed before and that these fine criteria may be used to differentiate it from other larvae. In addition, more detailed description was added to the cephalic and caudal regions which are of important taxonomic value. Anal division has many structures of taxonomic value and some of them can be differentiated macroscopically, posterior spiracles, papillae, sensella, and anal pseudolegs (prologs). A certain definite pattern of 2 microspines is visible on two laterals of the fleshy projection on caudal surface.

[Khalaf Nour Abd EL- Wahed Ammar. Flesh fly myiasis (Diptera :Sarcophagidae) Sarcophaga sp. Record from fish Pagrus pagrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Osteichtheyes: Sparidae). Life Sci J 2015;12(5):98-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.12

Key words: forensic entomology, first instar larva, sparidae, myiasis, Sensilla, sarcophagidae, SEM

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Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminants in Aquatic Environments (Review Article)

Mona S. Zaki, Mohammad M.N. Authman and Hossam H.H. Abbas

Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Oil spill incidents are of particular concern in the environment. Petroleum and its components are a considerable threat to the environment and to human health. Mechanical and chemical methods generally used to remove oil contaminants from contaminated sites have limited effectiveness and can be expensive. Bioremediation is a potentially important option for dealing with the oil spills in the ecosystem. Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of these contaminated sites since it is cost-effective, eco-friendly method and will lead to complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, etc… and transformation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds by biological agents like microorganisms. Many microorganisms in water are capable of degrading oil contaminants including hydrocarbons. However, these microorganisms have been found to thrive under certain environmental/nutritional conditions which influence their behavior towards spilled petroleum. Some of these factors include: the physical and chemical nature of the spilled petroleum; availability of nutrients; water temperature; concentration of oxygen; etc... This review paper presents an overview of petroleum degradation by microorganisms and some other recent techniques in the aquatic environments.

[Mona S. Zaki, Mohammad M.N. Authman and Hossam H.H. Abbas. Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminants in Aquatic Environments (Review Article). Life Sci J 2015;12(5):109-121]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.13

Keywords: Spilled petroleum, bioremediation, biodegradation, microorganisms, environmental factors, aquatic environments.

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An Alternative P-System using Persistent Turing Machine

Mahmoud Abdelaziz, Amr Badr and Ibrahim Farag

Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt.

mahmoud_m_aziz@yahoo.com; a.badr.fci@gmail.com; i.farag@fci-cu.edu.eg

Abstract: P system or membrane computation created by Paun [1998] is a branch of Natural computing which is a research filed that investigates both the computation designed by human being and computation taking place in nature. This model of computation is based on the processes done by the living cells and its computations are defined as applications of rules and transitions of objects. In this way, we have the same behavior of computational power as Turing Machine. This kind of systems computes by passing from a configuration to another by applying rules and the computation is considered complete when it halts. This paper investigates an alternative system to the P system model using the persistent Turing Machine (PTM). The proposed system likewise P-systems has two phases of computation application and communication phases. We introduce the design of the application phase and leave the communication phase for another research. Our design considers each membrane in the system membrane structure as a machine and the design of this machine will be explained using state transition graphs. Our design has been tested and simulated on a computer application. This design may open a new possibility, in the future to design a hardware that can simulate the process done by P-systems.

[Mahmoud Abdelaziz, Amr Badr and Ibrahim Farag. An Alternative P-System using Persistent Turing Machine. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):122-126]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.14

Keywords: Membrane computing, P System, Turing machine, Persistent Turing Machines.

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Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminants in Aquatic Environments (Review Article)

Mona S. Zaki, Mohammad M.N. Authman and Hossam H.H. Abbas

Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Oil spill incidents are of particular concern in the environment. Petroleum and its components are a considerable threat to the environment and to human health. Mechanical and chemical methods generally used to remove oil contaminants from contaminated sites have limited effectiveness and can be expensive. Bioremediation is a potentially important option for dealing with the oil spills in the ecosystem. Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of these contaminated sites since it is cost-effective, eco-friendly method and will lead to complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, etc… and transformation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds by biological agents like microorganisms. Many microorganisms in water are capable of degrading oil contaminants including hydrocarbons. However, these microorganisms have been found to thrive under certain environmental/nutritional conditions which influence their behaviour towards spilled petroleum. Some of these factors include: the physical and chemical nature of the spilled petroleum; availability of nutrients; water temperature; concentration of oxygen; etc... This review paper presents an overview of petroleum degradation by microorganisms and some other recent techniques in the aquatic environments.

[Mona S. Zaki, Mohammad M.N. Authman and Hossam H.H. Abbas. Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminants in Aquatic Environments (Review Article). Life Sci J 2015;12(5):127-139]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.15

Keywords: Spilled petroleum, bioremediation, biodegradation, microorganisms, environmental factors, aquatic environments

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Environmental enrichments as therapeutic alternative: studies with animal models

Venebra-Muñoz A¹., García-García, F²., Victoria-Mora J.M ³., García-López, G.I⁴., Sánchez-Aparicio, P ³.

^1.Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.

^2. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.

^3. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.

^4. Centro Universitario Atlacomulco, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.

aparicio_sap@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract: Analysis of results of research based on enriched environment with animal models can elucidate differences between genders, ages, environments configuration and elements that shape it. Individually or interlinked, these factors constitute a range of sensory stimulation that exerts effects on animal welfare, being reason of attention to discuss. Enriched environment stimulates neurogenesis and plasticity parameters in rodent´s nervous system, promotes recovery of the nervous system damaged or diseased, reduces stress and improves learning. The application of enriched environment is still heterogeneous, since still doesn´t decipher the effect of auditory stimuli u odors during his confinement to be used as a therapeutic tool. The aim of this review is to characterize the effect of enriched environment on the biochemical and morphological modification of brain regions that promotes learning and improves behavior in the laboratory rat. The enriched environment in laboratory animals can be used as a tool for treatment of behavioral disorders such as anxiety and stress or to promote learning.

[Venebra-Muñoz A, García-García, F, Victoria-Mora JM, García-López GI, Sánchez-Aparicio P. Environmental enrichments as therapeutic alternative: studies with animal models. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):140-145]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.16

Keywords: Environmental enrichment; laboratory rat; animal welfare.

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Using ferrocement laminates in strengthening flexural behavior of r.c. Slab with opening

Samah Badawy, Mahmoud ElSayed and Alaa Elsayed

Department of Civil Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

mms03@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: This research presents a proposed method for strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with openings using ferrocement laminates. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effectiveness of using ferrocement as external strengthening material to concrete slab with opening. The results of tests on 9 simply supported slabs with overall dimensions of 1000 mm by 800 mm and 100 are presented. The effect of the following parameters: size of opening, strengthening length, volume fraction of reinforcement, and the type of connection between the ferrocement layer and the reinforced concrete slab on the ultimate flexural load, and the load–deflection relationship were examined. The test results clearly showed that ferrocement laminates strengthening leads to significant improvements in the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete with opening. The results indicate that the use of ferrocement cover slightly increases the ultimate flexural load, stiffness and energy absorption.

[Samah Badawy, Mahmoud ElSayedand Alaa Elsayed. Using ferrocement laminates in strenghtning flexural behavior of r.c. Slab with opening. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):146-151]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.17

Key Words: ferrocement, R.C. slab with opening, and strengthening

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Optimization of Transfection of Human Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor into Mammalian Cells Mediated by Liposomes-Base Gene Delivery

Sayang Baba¹, Asita Elengoe¹, Abdul Rahim Hussein², Sugeng Triwahyono³, Samsul Draman⁴, Salehhuddin Hamdan ^1*

^1. Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

^2. Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

^3. Institute Ibnu Sina for Fundamental Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

^4. Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25150 Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

saleh65@utm.my

Abstract: Cationic liposome-based reagents provide reliable and simple protocol for in vitro transfection in a broad range of mammalian cell types. High transfection efficacies and low cytotoxicity of a liposome-based transfection reagent was required to retain adequate viability and high level of transgene of transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for subsequent assay. Three commercial liposome-based transfection reagents were utilized and compared for their aptitude to transfect in-vitro CHO cells with reporter gene expressing the red fluorescent (pDsRed-N1) and fusion pDsRed-N1 plasmid containing human cDNA Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (pCAR-DsRed). Xtreme HP Plasmid DNA transfection reagent (Roche) gave the highest transfection efficiencies compared to other tested reagents. The optimal Xtreme HP Plasmid DNA reagent had shown its higher transfection efficiency (39.25±1.00% MFI) and stable increment of DsRed-proportion cells with incubation period (24-72 hours), allowing sufficient yield and shortened the selection stably clone of successful transfected CHO-CAR-DsRed.

[Baba S, Elengoe A, Hussein AR, Triwahyono S, Draman S, Hamdan S. Optimization of Transfection of Human Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor into Mammalian Cells Mediated by Liposomes-Base Gene Delivery. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):152-158]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.18

Keywords: Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor; Chinese Hamster Ovary cell; Discoscoma red fluorescence protein; flow cytometry; inverted fluorescence microscope

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C - Reactive Protein, Possible Valuable Predictive Inflammatory Marker in HCV Positive Hemodialysis Patients

Hesham Abouellail¹, Sameh Abdelraouf¹, Haitham Ezzat Abdelaziz¹ and Ahmed Moahmed Baha El-Dine²

¹Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

² Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Aha20072@yahoo.com

Abstract: The acute phase response is major pathophysiologic phenomenon that accompanies inflammation. With this reaction, normal homeostatic mechanisms are replaced by new set points that presumably contribute to defensive or adaptive capabilities. The study here included 100 subjects classified into 3 groups; the first group included 40 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis with HCV positive antibody, the second group included 40 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis with HCV negative antibody and the third group included 20 healthy subjects as a control group. The aim of this work is to study the response of HCV positive hemodialysis patients and its impact on CRP level as a surrogate marker of inflammation. Serum CRP level was high in both HCV positive and negative dialysis patients but it was higher in the HCV positive group so the presence of HCV may add to the state of chronic inflammation which is already present in dialysis patients.

[Hesham Abouellail, Sameh Abdelraouf, Haitham Ezzat Abdelaziz and Ahmed Mohmed Bahaa El-Dine. C - Reactive Protein, Possible Valuable Predictive Inflammatory Marker in HCV Positive Hemodialysis Patients. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):159-169]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.19

Key words: CRP: C reactive protein. ESRD: End stage renal disease. HCV: Hepatitis C virus. D: Hemodialysis. AVF: Arterio-venous fistula. CKD: Chronic kidney disease. SBP: Systolic blood pressure. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. TIBC: Total iron binding capacity. TLC: Total leucocytic count. CRF: Chronic renal failure.

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Effects of MC-LR on ROS level in human bronchial epithelia cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells

Yang Li, Hui Huang, Lijian Xue, Donggang Zhuang, Xuemin Cheng, Liuxin Cui, Huizhen Zhang^*

College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China

Huizhen18@126.com

Abstract: Microcystins (MCs) are a family of cyclic heptapetide endotoxins that are mainly produced by cyanobacterial blooms in various eutrophic inland waters worldwide. More than 90 different structural analogues of MCs have been identified, of which microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common variant. The effects of MC-LR on reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The results showed that 2.5, 5, 10μg/ml MC-LR significantly increased the production of ROS in not only CHO) cells but also (HBE) cells, suggesting that ROS production involved in the procession of reproductive toxicity and respiratory toxicity induced by MC-LR. So a series of intracellular oxidative stress reactions induced by ROS lead to apoptosis need be further researched.

[Li Y, Zhang HZ. Effects of MC-LR on ROS level in human bronchial epithelia cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):170-173]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.20

Keywords: reactive oxygen species, human bronchial epithelia cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells

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[Life Sci J 2015;12(5):174-182]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

Withdrawn

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Restoration of Historical artifacts and made available for exhibition in museums

Hatem Tawfik Ahmed

Dept. of Sculpture, Architecture Formation and Monument Conservation, Faculty of Applied Arts, Hellwan University, Egypt

egypt5000bc@yahoo.com

Abstract. Conservation – all measures and actions aimed at safeguarding tangible cultural heritage while ensuring its accessibility to both present and future generations. Conservation of intangible Cultural heritage demands target restoration actions in order to increase monuments’ lifetime. Since a large part of the museum’s collection was established during the nineteenth century, was great interest in restoration of ancient cultures for exhibit to public, lectures, tours, write articles, historical and scientific research as well as for school-aged children. The scope of work we were asked to perform in the museum laboratory restoration of an objects, includes mechanical and chemical cleaning, consolidation of damaged surface and restoring the objects with an emphasis on re-form of missing historical statue and of the existing fragments archeological excavation. The goal of this restoration was to stabilize the object and recover the aesthetical visual appearance in order to show how it looked before the breakage. It also tackles the decision of restoring the archeological fragments to making ready for both analysis and exhibition purposes, according to the conservation-restoration principles. The objects material are Restoration experimental was vary with different material, include, archeological fragment of carved soapstone utensil and different kinds of Ceramic includes, Low-fired pottery or earthenware, colored and glazed pottery which are exhibit at the museum of the collage of tourism and archaeology, King Saud University- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As well as the historical terracotta statue, which exhibit in the International Museum in Krakow – Poland.

[Hatem Tawfik Ahmed. Restoration of Historical Artifacts and Made Available For Exhibition in Museums. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):183-192]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.21

Keywords: conservation, Restoration, Cultural Heritage, Archaeology, Pottery, Ceramic, Soapstone, Terracotta, Museum, Monument, Artist, Saudi Arabia, Poland.

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Studying of Marketing Communications in the Clothing Industry in Egypt

Seddik.K.M.^1* and Z.M.Abd El Megid²

^1,2National ResearchCentre, Textile Division.33 EL Bohouthst. (former EL Tahrirst.) – Dokki – Giza – Egypt – P.O.12622.

dr.khaledseddik@gmail.com, Z_algory@yahoo.com

Abstract: This article presents the role of marketing communication research in the clothing industry in Egypt. The aim of theresearch was to demonstrate how these clothing companies use a marketing communication mix. The empirical research was performed by studying the marketing communications for three groups of companies. The data were collected through mailings and telephone & personal interviews. The data were analyzed using SPSS program and Microsoft Excel. The research results showed the correlation between the developments of a brand name and the importance of different marketing communications mix. The effect of the marketing communications mix on consume information was studied and the effect of different information on purchasing decisions was presented.

[Seddik. K. Mand Z.M.Abd El Megid. Studying of Marketing Communications in the Clothing Industry in Egypt City. Life Sci J 2015;12(5):193-198]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj120515.22

Key words: fashion, clothing industry, brand name, marketing communications.

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