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Effect the Glycerol of the Male Reproductive System in Male Albino Rats: Histological and Pathology

Nafisa. M. Batarfi

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

dr.Nafisa1_m@hotmail.com

Abstract: Glycerol is used in the pharmaceutical and medicine as a means to improve the smoothness and provide hydration and is used widely as a laxative therefore found in cough syrup and phlegm, toothpaste and in most soap and mouthwash products and skin care is that increasing daily use influential T. harmful happen in the long run Glycerol; Glyceri: 1,2,3-Propanetriol used in the current study (50) of male rats white experiments type Swiss albino rats ranging weights of 200-300 grams, which was obtained from the Animal House, King Fahd Center for Medical Research of the University of King Abdul Aziz in Jeddah, mice were injected in the background muscle dose of glycerol per day at a rate of 10 mg / Kilogram of body weight for 4 weeks by injection into the muscle and number) 20) rat and another group was injected for 8 weeks and the 20  rat study that injection of glycerol muscle causing damage testis in the form of focal destruction of large numbers of tubules and led to a significant decrease in the weights of the testes and epididymis tail. (Testis) led to dilate blood vessels and the proliferation of internal germ epithilum lining her, cold plasma tissue Interconnection in neutered rats and  some tubule sperm and spacing and disorder germepithilum and the rush of some cells of the cavity, in addition to necrosis sperm cells and  germ cell and Sertoli atrophy some nuclei and also thickens the membrane basal  tubule and the incidence of cirrhosis of the clear and sharp divisions and distortions and flake and analyzed in the cellular content looks like in the pathogenesis of cancer cells in the testes of group treatment for 8 weeks. (The epididymis) - explained histological examination irregularity and increased basal membrane thickness of pipe culvert and crash edge brush border epithelial lining of the cavity is filled with his sperm cells scaly, dead biodegradable fabric of the charge and the formation of a blood stasis between the pipes. (Seminal vesicle) histological shortage examination significant .rise in the mucous layer sperm and a few folds overlooking the cavity and the lack of epithelial thickness glandular out, which has been associated with the small size of the cells and nuclei and the decrease in the number and size of the vesicles glands oral and breadth of the special class, cold lymphoid layer epithelial addition to the sharp epithelial crash.

[Nafisa. M. Batarfi. Effect the Glycerol of the Male Reproductive System in Male Albino Rats: Histological and Pathology. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):1-11]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.01

Keywords: Glycerol .Testis..Sertoli cell .Leydge Cells. . Ducts epididymis. Seminal vesicle

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AST/ALT Ratio for detection and severity classification of Esophageal Varices in Child A HCV Liver cirrhosis Egyptian Patients

Hany Aly Hussein¹, Wael Mahmoud Tamer¹ and Mohamed Salaheldin Khalaf²

Internal Medicine Department¹, Tropical Medicine Department², Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University- Cairo, Egypt.

Hanyaly_79@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Variceal bleeding is a dramatic and common complication of cirrhosis. The development of esophageal varices depends on the progression of liver fibrosis. Aim: to assess the relation of three established markers of fibrosis, including AST-to-ALT ratios (AAR), FIB-4 and AST-to-platelet ratio (APRI), to the presence and severity of esophageal varices in HCV cirrhotic patients with Child-Pugh class A status. Patients and Methods: 100 consecutive patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh Class A) were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for detection and grading of esophageal varices (OV). The values of established biomarkers of fibrosis (AAR, FIB-4 and APRI) were calculated in all patients, and the relationships between these markers and OV were investigated. Results: Values of AAR, FIB-4 and APRI in patients with OV were significantly higher than those in patients with no varices (p>0.05). The values of AAR in the patients with varices with a high risk of hemorrhage were significantly higher than those in the patients with non risky varices (p = 0.001), whereas the values of FIB-4 and APRI were not found to be different between both groups. In addition, the values of AAR increased in line with increasing variceal severity. In detecting esophageal varices, AAR showed a sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 75 %, positive predictive value (PPV) 77.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) 54.5% at cut off value ≥1.3. As regards the presence of high risk varices, AAR showed a sensitivity of 77.78%, specificity of 81.82%, positive predictive value of 77.8% and negative predictive value of 81.8% at cut off value ≥1.37. Conclusion: higher values of AAR, FIB-4 and APRI are related to the presence of OV in class A Child-Pugh HCV cirrhotic patients. Moreover, AAR is associated with the increasing variceal severity and the risk of variceal bleeding.

[Hany Aly Hussein, Wael Mahmoud Tamer and Mohamed Salaheldin Khalaf. AST/ALT Ratio for detection and severity classification of Esophageal Varices in Child a HCV Liver cirrhosis Egyptian Patients. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):12-17]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.02

Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices, AAR, APRI, FIB-4.

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Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An Analysis of Solubility, pH Changes and Leaching Elements

Sawsan Taha Hassan Abu Zeid*; Osama S. Alothmani* Mohammed Khalil Yousef**

*Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

** Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

myousf@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Background/Aim: Biodentine is a new restorative material used in traumatized tooth. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of Biodentine and white ProRoot when immersed in deionized water for 28 days.  Methods: Standard discs of freshly mixed materials (n = 10/material) were immersed in deionized water for different intervals (1, 7, 14 and 28 days). Solubility, pH changes and calcium ions release were measured at each interval whereas the released silicon, aluminum, phosphorus, iron, manganese and magnesium were quantified only at the 28^th day. With significance level set at 5%, differences between both materials were analyzed using Student’s t-test while data obtained for each material at different periods were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.  Results: With time, solubility of Biodentine significantly increased while it maintained consistently high pH range (11.16 ± 0.52 to 11.83 ± 0.07). Weight changes recorded for ProRoot were not significant (P ˃ 0.05) associated with a gradual drop in its pH from 11.53 ± 0.07 on the 1^st day to 9.72 ± 0.29 after 28 days (P = 0.00). Biodentine released significantly more calcium ions and iron traces compared to ProRoot (P < 0.05). In contrast, ProRoot released significantly more silicon, aluminum, phosphorus and manganese (P < 0.05). Both materials released comparable quantities of magnesium (P = 0.06).    Conclusion: Compared to ProRoot, Biodentine specimens exhibited higher solubility, prolonged alkalinity and increased calcium release over the 28 days. Elemental traces detected from Biodentine and ProRoot differed in type and amount.

[Sawsan Taha Hassan Abu Zeid; Osama S. Alothmani; Mohammed Khalil Yousef. Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An Analysis of Solubility, pH Changes and Leaching Elements. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):18-23]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.03

Keywords Calcium silicate cements, Biodentine, Solubility, pH changes, Calcium ions release, leaching elements.

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Plasma Levels of CXCL 9, 10, 11 and 12 and Their Impact on Overall Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Nashwa Noreldin M.D., ¹ Omnia Abd-Elfattah M.D., ² Tamer A Elbedewy M.D., ¹ Mohamed Attia M.D., ³

Departments of Internal Medicine¹, Clinical Oncology², Clinical Pathology³, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University; Egypt

nashwanor@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background/Aims: Background/Aims: The expression of chemokines is altered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) due to inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes or constitutive activation of the oncogenes.The aim of this study was to measure plasma levels of chemokines CXCL9,10, 11 and 12 in CLL and relate that, if any, with abnormal immunophenotype considered with bad prognosis. Methods: Plasma from 40 CLL patients and 20 healthy age and gender-matched controls were analyzed for CXCL 9, 10, 11 and 12 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: CXCL11 and 12 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in CLL patients compared to controls (P=0.013 and 0.0015) respectively. CLL patients with higher CXCL11 or 12 levels (median >128.4, 1006.65 pg/mL respectively) before treatment had worse prognosis for overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0342, 0.0229). Conclusion: High plasma levels of CXCL11 and 12, is associated with high grade CLL leukemia and may be useful as a predictive indicator for OS.

 [Nashwa Noreldin, Omnia Abd-Elfattah, Tamer A Elbedewy and Mohamed Attia. Plasma Levels of CXCL 9, 10, 11 and 12 and Their Impact on Overall Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):24-32]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.04

Key words: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CXCL 9, 10, 11, 12, survival

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The Effect of Dietary Intervention by Low Carbohydrate Diet, and Low Fat Diet, on Weight Loss, Leptin and Adiponectin

Mervat Youssef

Clinical Nutrition Program, KSA, Holly Makkah, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm-Alqura University

Mervatqalon@gamil.com

Abstract: Background: caloric restriction by very low carbohydrate diet (LC) and low-fat diet (LF) dietary patterns reduce body weight and fat mass and favorably modify leptin and possibly adiponectin. Aim: To compare the effects of an energy restricted very low carbohydrate (LC) and a low-fat diet (LF) on body weight loss and leptin and adiponectin after 6 weeks of diet intervention. Methods: Eighteen overweight subjects (age 20-22 years, BMI 27.68 ± 1.43 kg/m² were randomized to either an energy-restricted (control group), planned isocaloric LC or LF for six weeks. Body weight, fat %, waist circumference (WC), glucose, lipid profile, leptin, and adiponectin, were assessed. All data are mean ± SD. Results: The significant decline in mean difference and SD was 4.57±0.42, 3.70± 0.52 and 5.14±1.55 for body weight; and 4.7±1.44, 5.5±2.84 and 5.7±2.12 cm for WC in control, LC and LF, respectively.  Waist circumference and fat% decreased significantly in all study subjects but no difference between different groups. Group results indicated that LDL cholesterol levels decreased in both LF (-28.8%) and control group (-29.6%) more than LC group (-28). No significant difference was detected for leptin and adiponectin among the studied groups. Leptin/fat percentage showed a significant decrease in subjects on LF diet by (14.8%) and on control diet by (14.3%), and increased by (4.8%) on LC diet. Adiponectin/Leptin ratio [A/L] decreased insignificantly by 9.1%, 26.3%, in control and LC groups respectively, while it increased insignificantly by 42% in LF group. Conclusion: Both LC and LF hypoenergetic diets achieved similar reductions in body weight and fat percent and lipid profile (TC, LDL, and TG) but without significant improvement of leptin/fat and adiponectin/leptin ratio.

[Mervat Youssef. The Effect of Dietary Intervention by Low Carbohydrate Diet, and Low Fat Diet, on Weight Loss, Leptin and Adiponectin. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):33-42]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.05

Key words; weight loss, low carbohydrate, low fat diet and adipokines

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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Passengers’ Satisfaction of Selected Airline Companies

Rami Alamoudi, Mohammed Balubaid

Department of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

mbalubaid@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Airline service process consists of five service subsets. Namely, reservation, check-in, on-flight services, disembarking, and baggage claim. In order to cover most of the aspects in the airline industry services, the survey was divided into five sections, where each section represents a service subset. The aim of this paper is to survey passengers of different airline companies in order to measure their satisfaction. In this paper, 30 people were surveyed, but unfortunately 7 people were eliminated from the analysis due to survey violation reasons. Since 63% of University of Miami US students come from outside Florida, and 14% of the students are international, those students will be a good population to survey as passengers, because most of them have flown in the last six months in order to reach Miami. Out of the 23 passengers 11 (48%) would return back to the same airline company they flew with because of its ticket price. Moreover, 22% would return back because of flight schedule flexibility. In addition, 17% would return back due to the airline reputation in its safety procedures. Therefore, airline companies should focus on reducing tickets fees, flight schedules, and their safety reputation in order to have the lion’s share of the airline market. Overall, out of the 23 passengers 14 (61%) agree that they were satisfied with the entire service process of the airline industry. On the other hand, only 10% were dissatisfied with the entire process. From the importance/favorability grids it was obvious that the overall satisfaction by passengers for all subsets was high, which shows that airline industries are doing their utmost in providing excellent service. Although all subsets had high performance by the airline companies, some of them were with low importance to the customer. This is due to the small sample size collected as some of these subsets are obviously significant.

[Alamoudi RH, Balubaid M. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Passengers’ Satisfaction of Selected Airline Companies. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):43-57]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.06

Keywords: Airlines, Service Subsets, Satisfaction, Importance/ Favorability Grid

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Characterization of Some Bacillus Strains Obtained from Marine Habitats Using Different Taxonomical Methods

Lina Bahamdain ¹, Fatma Fahmy ¹, Sahira Lari ², Magda Aly ¹

^1. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^2. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

mlab_leena@hotmail.com

Abstract: Eleven bacterial isolates were obtained from marine soil samples; collected from Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The obtained isolates were compared to determine their differential characteristics and taxonomic positions. The isolates were compared with respect to their morphological, physiological, nutritional requirements and biochemical characteristics. They were all Gram positive, rod shape, spore forming, mesophilic, neutralophilic and moderate halophilic bacteria. By using the identification key and the characteristic tables, five isolates belonged to genus Bacillus, three of them were identified as B. licheniformis (27.3 %), one isolate as B. subtilis (9.1 %), one isolate as B. circulans (9.1 %). Four isolates identified as Paenibacillus dendritiformis (36.4 %), and two isolates showed intermediate characteristics between B. circulans and P. dendritiformis (18.2 %). Comparison of whole cell protein patterns of the all isolates using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed differences in their protein patterns that confirmed the previous classification.

[Bahamdain L, Fahmy F, Lari S, Aly M. Characterization of Some Bacillus Strains Obtained from Marine Habitats Using Different Taxonomical Methods. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):58-63]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.07

Keywords: Bacillus; salty environment; gel electrophoresis; Jeddah

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Effect of Self Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Epilepsy on their Health Practices

Dr Abeer M. Elshatby Moursy¹ and Dr Gaidaa Farouk Mekky²

¹Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University

²Neuropsychiatry Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University

Abeer_elshatby@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-management guidelines for adult patients with epilepsy on their health practices. A quasi experimental research design was employed. This study was conducted at the Outpatient Clinic of the Epilepsy Center at El-Hadara University Hospital, Alexandria. The subjects comprised 44 adult epileptic patients. They were equally divided into a study group for the implementation of self management guidelines and a control group who received the routine Clinic care. Two tools were used: first the epileptic patient profile was used to collect biosociodemographic data, and secondly, the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS) that was used to assess the frequency of use of epilepsy self management practices. The results of the study showed a significant effect of self management guidelines on health practices for the study group versus their control immediately after and 2 months post the guideline implementation. It can be concluded that adult patients with epilepsy improved their self management, health practices after implementation of the guidelines. It is to be recommended that implementation of self management guidelines for patients with epilepsy is warranted and should become an integral service in the specialized epilepsy care centers.

[Abeer M. Elshatby Moursy, Gaidaa Farouk Mekky. Effect of Self Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Epilepsy on their Health Practices. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):64-77]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.08

Keywords: Self-management guidelines, Adult Patients, Epilepsy.

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The Value of Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Female Infertility: A Randomized Clinical Trial

¹Ahmed AbdelKader Fahmy ¹Mohamed ElSokkary and ²Sherihan Sayed

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Ain Shams University

²Specialist Obstetrics and Gynecology

fhmy@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Sildenafil citrate leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. This may enhance endometrial development. The aim of this work isto study the effect of oral sildenafil citrate on pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness and number of follicles in women undergoing induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC). Patients and methods: this study included 70 infertile patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups. After ovulation induction with CC, patients in the treatment group received oral sildenafil citrate 25 mg 3 times daily from day 8-13 of the cycle and patients in control group received placebo. Results: the pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness and number of follicles were significantly higher in the treatment group.  Side effects were significantly more in the treatment group compared to the placebo group (p=0.003). Among patients in the treatment group, the most common side effect was headache which was found in 7 patients (20%) versus non in the placebo group. Conclusion: sildenafil citrate increased pregnancy rate in females undergoing induction of ovulation by CC 50 mg which may be attributed to the increase in endometrial thickness and number of follicles. 

[Ahmed AbdelKader Fahmy; Mohamed ElSokkary and Sherihan Sayed. The Value of Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Female Infertility: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):78-82]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.09

Keywords: Sildenafil, Infertility, endometrial

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Interplay of leptin with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome

Rehana Rehman^1*, Sundus Tariq², Ambreen Usmani³, Mukhtiar Baig^4,Saba Tariq⁵

^1.  Rehana Rehman, PhD Email: drrehana7@gmail.com

^2.  Sundus Tariq, MBBS, Mphil, Email: dr.sundustariq@gmail.com

^3.  Ambreen Usmani, MBSS, MPhil, Email: ambreenusmani1@yahoo.com

^4.  Mukhtiar Baig, Ph.D., Email:drmukhtiarbaig@yahoo.com

^5.  Saba Tariq, MBBS, Mphil, Email: drsabatariq1@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives. To determine whether polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a causative factor in dysregulation of leptin levels in obese subjects and to identify effect of PCOS on the relationship of serum leptin with hormonal, metabolic and anthropometric parameters in obese PCOS women. Methods: A cross sectional study in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi, Pakistan recruited twenty nine obese (BMI >30 kg/m²) and 20 normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m²) PCOS women together with twenty seven normal cycling (NC) obese (BMI >30 kg/m²) and 25 normal-weight females (BMI <25 kg/m²). Serum leptin, prolactin, follicle stimulatimg hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH), free testosterone, estradiol (E2) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured by Radioimmunoassay. Results: Mean serum leptin levels were higher in obese compared to normal-weight PCOS (54.00 ± 9.33 vs. 26.08±2.44 ng/ml; p <0.01) and in obese compared to normal-weight NC (51.54 ±9.19 vs. 25.39 ± 2.37 ng/ml; p <0.01). Significantly lower level of FSH, LH, E2 (p <0.01), was observed in both groups of PCOS as compared to non-PCOS while higher levels of testosterone, progesterone and FBG were found in obese PCOS in comparison to obese NC (p <0.01). Leptin levels correlated with BMI in all four groups. There was a significant correlation of FBG with obese NC (r=0.42, p<0.05) and normal-weight and obese groups of PCOS (r=0.45, p<0.05; r=0.58, p<0.05 respectively). The leptin level correlated with E2 and testosterone in obese PCOS subjects (p<0.05; p<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: It seems that leptin has a role in pathogenesis of PCOS in obese patients.

[Rehana Rehman, Sundus Tariq, Ambreen Usmani, Mukhtiar Baig^,Saba Tariq. Interplay of leptin with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):83-89]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.10

Key words: Leptin, obesity, PCOS

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Properties of Haplotype Structure of a Non-coding Region

Jian-hong Sun ^1,2, Hai-cheng Xu¹

^1. Engineering College of Honghe University, Yunnan Mengzi, 661100

^2. Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Yunnan Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China.

sparkhonghe@foxmail.com

Abstract: Haplotype structures are important in the study of human evolutionary history. Here, based on 1,092 individuals’ data from the 1000 Genomes Project, a haplotype block (Solid Spine of LD method defined) located on 22q12.3 (Position: 34876961- 34890077), a non-coding region of chromosome 22 was analyzed from the view of haplotype structure. Statistical tests suggested the region is selectively neutral with a very low recombination rate, and the genetic diversity analysis shows that the African population (AFR) has higher diversity than non-AFR populations in this region. As a haplotype block, the results also show that only 52 of 2,184 possible haplotypes are observed in this region. The haplotypes distribution concentrate on 4~5 common haplotypes in non-African populations (i.e., East Asian population (ASN), European population (EUR) and American population (AMR)). In contrast with non-AFR, the haplotypes are more evenly and more widely expressed in AFR. Furthermore, most of SNPs of ASN are wild type which reveals the bottleneck effect on ASN.

[Jian-hong Sun. Properties of Haplotype Structure of a Non-coding Region. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):90-96]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.11

Keywords: Haplotype; single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); linkage disequilibrium (LD); 1000 Genomes Project

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Urine albumin excretion and urine concentration capacity are better markers for disease severity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease than glomerular filtration rate

Amin R. Soliman, Ahmed A. Hassan, Mahmoud A. Soliman, Khaled S. Marzouk, Mohamed S. Zaki

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.

Department of Nephrology, National Institute of Urology and Nephrology in Cairo.

Abstract: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent hereditary renal disease, characterized by cyst formation in the kidneys leading to end stage kidney failure. Methods: Included were 15 prevalent ADPKD patients (Ravine criteria). ADPKD patients were compared with 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, none of them had proteinuria, hypertension or evidence of hyperfiltration. Measured were blood pressure by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, total renal volume (TRV) by magnetic resonance imaging, GFR by 99Tc DTPA. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected for volume and albumin excretion (UAE). Then all patients and control subjects underwent a standard prolonged water deprivation test. Urine and plasma osmolality were measured. The effect of a synthetic vasopressin analog (Desmopressin, Nasal Spray Solution, 0.01%) inhaled at the moment of maximal urine concentrating capacity was also studied. Data are given as mean [standard deviation]. Student's t-test (for normally distributed data) and Mann-Whitney test are used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age was 30.5 [5.3] years in the ADPKD group, not significantly different from the controls with an average age of 28.8 [6.6] years (P=0.92). Mean serum creatinine was 1.1 [0.3] mg/dl for the ADPKD group and 1.0 [0.2] mg/dl for controls, P=0.19. The mean GFR was 128.2 [22.5] ml/min/1.73 m² in the ADPKD group, significantly higher than the controls with 102.5 [11.4] ml/min/1,73 m2, P=0.0001). Of the 15 patients, 9 patients had manifest hypertensive blood pressure measurements while 3 out of the rest had sporadic hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Moreover, ADPKD patients also had higher 24-hour urinary volumes, lower 24-hour urinary osmolarity, and higher urinary albumin excretion (UAE) than healthy controls. After 14 hours of water deprivation, ADPKD patients tended to have higher plasma osmolality (P=0.08) whereas urine osmolality was similar in ADPKD patients and controls (685 versus 669 mOsmol/kg; P=0.70). Maximal urine concentrating capacity was lower in ADPKD patients (735 versus 894 mOsmol/kg in controls; P,0.002). Conclusions: We can conclude that early ADPKD patients have marked renal abnormalities, including impaired maximal urine concentrating capacity brought out upon dehydration, increased UAE, despite modestly enlarged TRV and near-normal GFR. UAE and urine concentration function may thus be better markers for disease severity than GFR.

[Amin R. Soliman, Ahmed A. Hassan, Mahmoud A. Soliman, Khaled S. Marzouk, Mohamed S. Zaki. Urine albumin excretion and urine concentration capacity are better markers for disease severity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease than glomerular filtration rate. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):97-104]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.12

Key Words: ADPKD, urinary albumin, urine concentration.

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Topical Use of Systemic Drugs in Dermatology

Mostafa Ahmed Hammam, M.D.¹ and Heba AbdElmordy, M.B.B.C.H. ²

¹Dermatogy, Andrology & S.T.Is Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt.

²Dermatogy Department, Ashmoon Hospital.Menofiya.

heba82dhy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: Review the topical usage of systemic drugs in dermatological diseases. Data Sources: From previous Literatures, reviews and studies as well as medical websites (PubMed, MD consult, Medscape) and Scientific Journals data- bases were searched from the start date of each data- base. Study Selection: Selection was done by supervisors for studying new advancement in topical use of systemic drugs in dermatology and studies that addressed topical therapy in dermatology and systemic drugs used topically in dermatology. Data Extraction: Data from published studies were manually extracted and summarized. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, prospective design, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls used, adequate follow-up achieved and defined outcome measures. Data synthesis: In this review the data found that several studies of the topical usage of systemic drugs in dermatological diseases to know which systemic drug can used topically. Findings: A total of 44 studies were included in the review as they were deemed eligible by fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Of these 44 articles, included in this review, 32 were Topical usage of systemic drugs in dermatological diseases and 12 were topical therapy. Studies indicate that some of systemic drugs can used topically in the treatment of some dermatological diseases. Conclusion: Extemporaneous compounding helps physicians to individualize treatment to the patient’s specific needs and to create topical preparations that are not otherwise commercially available. However, comparative effectiveness studies are needed to determine whether or not topical use of systemic therapeutics is more beneficial than existing therapies.

[Mostafa Ahmed Hammamand Heba Abd Elmordy. Topical Use of Systemic Drugs in Dermatology. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):105-110]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.13

Key words: Topical drugs, systemic drugs

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Clinical significance of FNA and cell block immunocytology as screening tools for pediatric lymphadenopathy in reference to excision biopsy

Dareen Mohamed¹; Ayman El Saka¹; Akram Elbatarny² and Ibrahim Badraia³

¹Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

²Pediatric Surgical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

³Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Dareenaziz21@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Childhood peripheral lymphadenopathy is a major health problem annoying parents greatly. Although most patients turn out to be reactive conditions yet surgical excision with all its hazards has been considered as the golden diagnostic tool. In this study we evaluate FNA and cell block immunocytochemistery results with excision biopsy results in children with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Patients and Methods: 87 patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy are subjected FNA, cell block combined with immunocytochemistery and excision biopsy. Results: There were significant difference between FNA results and post excision results with agreement percent of 37.9%. and significant difference between cellblock combined immunocytologicalresults and post excision results there were them with agreement percent of 72.4%. Cell blocks accuracy percentage was 98.5 % while accuracy percentages of FNA was 74.71 %. Conclusions Cell block method improves accuracy of FNA, allows the recovery and processing of minute amounts of cellular material and facilitates the better classification of tumor especially if accompanied with immunostaining.

[Dareen Mohamed; Ayman El Saka; Akram Elbatarny and Ibrahim Badraia. Clinical significance of FNA and cell block immunocytology as screening tools for pediatric lymphadenopathy in reference to excision biopsy. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):111-117]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.14

Keywords: FNA, cell block; clinical; immunocytology; pediatric lymphadenopathy; biopsy

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Evaluation of the use of non-prescribed medications and herbs by pregnant women

Ahmed A. Elberry ^1,2*, Abdulrahman A. Alahdal ¹, Ameen M. Almohamadi ¹, Areej M. Alshikhey ¹,

Sabreen R. Al-jabrti ¹, Samah M. Makki ¹

¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 21689

² Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

berry_ahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate and evaluate the use of non-prescribed drugs and herbs among pregnant women and to identify the impact of socio-demographics. A community-based, cross-sectional survey questionnaire was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The current study included 315 pregnant women and revealed that 17.1% of women used non-prescribed medications where 43.4 % of them used these medications based on previous experience. The most commonly used were supplementations with calcium, iron and folic acid. Only 31.3% of participant suffered from chronic disease, mainly anemia and most of them were complaining of back pain. Regarding herbs, 40.0% of the women have used one or more type of herbs, 36.5% of them used herbs without prescription where 47.8 %of them used these herbs based on their previous experience. The most commonly used non-prescribed herbs during 1^st and 3^rd trimester was mint, while ginger was the most commonly used in the 2^nd trimester. Medication and herbs consuming patterns was affected by the socio-demographic variables. It conclusion, the use of non-prescribed drugs and herbs is still common during pregnancy and indicates a need for follow up and documentation about their safety in pregnancy.

[Elberry AA, Alahdal AA, Almohamadi AM, Alshikhey AM, Al-jabrti SR, Makki SM. Evaluation of the use of non-prescribed medications and herbs by pregnant women. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):118-124]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15.

doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.15

Key words: pregnancy, non-prescribed medications, herbal medications, misuse.

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Greenhouse evaluations of harpin protein and microbial fungicides in controlling Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, and Phythopthora palmivora, major causes of orchid diseases in Thailand

Chan Maketon¹, Yoswadee Tongjib², Tanutcha Patipong², Nienwan Meechareon², Thitima Rungratanaubon¹ and Monchan Maketon²,*

¹Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

²Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

*Corresponding author e-mail: fscimcm@hotmail.com; fscimcm@ku.ac.th

Tel: 662 562 5444 ext 3256; Fax: 662 942 8695

Abstract: This study tested the efficacy of harpin proteins in controlling three orchid diseases: flower rust spots on the Dendrobium Visa peach hybrid, column blight on the Dendrobium Visa peach hybrid, and black rot on Vanda Robert’s delight. For controlling flower rust spots, harpin protein (3% a.i.) showed the best performance followed by a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, and mancozeb 80% WP. For column blight, harpin protein showed inferior efficacy compared to both bioagents and a mixture of chemicals. However, for black rot, harpin protein at the higher concentration exhibited slightly better control than the bioagents and the chemicals.

[Chan Maketon, Yoswadee Tongjib, Tanutcha Patipong, Nienwan Meechareon, Thitima Rungratanaubon and Monchan Maketon. Greenhouse evaluations of harpin protein and microbial fungicides in controlling Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, and Phythopthora palmivora, major causes of orchid diseases in Thailand. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):125-132]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.16

Keywords: Harpin protein; Bacillus subtilis; Trichoderma harzianum; flowers rust spot disease; column blight disease; black rot disease.

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Efficacy of Selected Chest Physical Therapy on Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Amira M. El-Tohamy¹, Ola S. Darwish ² and El-Sayed S. Salem³.

¹Professor of Physical Therapy for Growth and Development Disorders in Children and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Consultant of Pediatrics and Head of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Om El-Atebaa Hospital, Giza, Egypt.

³Physical Therapist in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Om El-Atebaa Hospital, Giza, Egypt.

Sayed7555@yahoo.com

Abstract: Chest Physiotherapy has been used to clear secretions, prevent accumulation of debris and improve mobilization or airways secretions and help lung ventilation in newborn for respiratory problems. Physical therapy modalities include positioning, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, and suction. The study was established to investigate efficacy of applying selected chest physiotherapy modalities on the neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). The objective of chest physiotherapy was to increase the clearance of the lung secretions and to maintain lung expansion with the potential benefit of improving oxygenation, prevention of endotracheal tube obstruction and subsequent hypoxia, prevention of extubation failure and minimizing the need to ventilation or the duration of its use and avoiding complications resulting from its use or prolonged exposure to ventilation.

[Amira M. El-Tohamy, Ola S. Darwish and El-Sayed S. Salem. Efficacy of Selected Chest Physical Therapy on Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):133-138]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.17

Keywords: Chest physical therapy; respiratory distress syndrome; neonates

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Design and Analysis of Linear Taper Directional Couplers

Yasser Gharbi, and Adnan Affandi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department King Abdul Aziz University

ygharbi999@yahoo.com

Abstract: Coupled Linear transmission lines in inhomogeneous media are analyzed. The solution is used to design microwave directional couplers. The designed couplers have much improved coupling characteristics compared with couplers using uniform lines. Also in this work, the neural network is employed as a tool in design of the LDCTL.

[Adnan Affandi, Yasser Gharbi. Design and Analysis of Linear Taper Directional Coupler. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):139-152]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.18

Keywords: Linear Taper; Directional Coupler

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Design and Analysis of Exponential Taper Directional Coupler

Adnan Affandi and Yasser Gharbi

Elect.& Comp. Eng., Faculty of Eng. King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, KSA

ygharbi999@yahoo.com

Abstract: Coupled exponential transmission lines in inhomogeneous media are analyzed. The solution is used to design microwave directional couplers. The designed couplers have much improved coupling characteristics compared with couplers using uniform lines.

[Adnan Affandi, Yasser Gharbi. Design and Analysis of Exponential Taper Directional Coupler. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):153-163]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.19

Keywords: Exponential Taper ; Directional Coupler

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Plane Wave Spectral Integral Representation of the Dyadic Greens Function of Layered Media

Adnan Affandi, MamdohGharbi and Sami Ali

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdul Aziz University, P O Box:80204, Jeddah 21589

mamdohgharbi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The construction of the solution to the canonical problem of the electromagnetic (EM) radiation by current point source in the presence of horizontally stratified anisotropic medium. This solution is developed in terms of the well known vertical (or z-propagation) plane wave spectrum integral representation for the EM fields. The fields can be expressed in a compact form in terms of the dyadic Green's function for this problem. A rigorous analysis is performed using a dyadic Green’s function formulation where the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a set of coupled vector integral equations using the Fourier transform.

[Affandi A, Gharbi M, Ali S. Plane Wave Spectral Integral Representation of the Dyadic Greens Function of Layered Media. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):164-174]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.20

Keywords: Anisotropic substrate; dyadic Green’s function; spectrum integral; EM fields

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23-gauge microincision total vitrectomy without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treats proliferative diabetic retinopathy Short title: 23-gauge microincision total vitrectomy without anti-VEGF treats PDR

Bo Wang, Wen Liu, Peng Chen, Yan-Qing Gao, Zheng Li, Meng-Ping Chen, Xia Huang, Yan-Li Ji

Zhengzhou Second Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China

Tel/fax/mobile: +86 037168660356; +86 037168993275/+86 15138936688

Email address: ykyslw@126.com

Abstract: Objective: To explore how to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with 23-gauge microincision total vitrectomy (23G MTV) and how to prevent intraocular bleeding with methods beyond anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs. Methods: This was a Retrospective case cohort series study of patients who received 23G MTV for the treatment of PDR. All operations were carried out by one vitreoretinal surgeon. The anti-bleeding management were used except anti-VEGF injection. The follow-up period was 10.25 ± 2.29 months. Pre-/past-operative IOP and best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）were measured and statistically compared. Results: All patients had no application of anti-VEGF drugs before and after operations. Introperatively, the active bleeding was stopped by increasing intraocular pressure in 5 eyes and by using cutter compression in 3 eyes. These methods successfully stop all bleeding. The rest of 42 eyes had no obvious bleeding during operation and follow-up time. No retinal detachment happened in these patients. They had improved visual acuity (χ²=34.69，P<0.05) after operation. The IOP change after surgeries was not statistically significant (preoperative 16.29 ± 3.15 mmHg，and postoperative 15.55 ± 3.80 mmHg; t = -1.228，P = 0.228). Conclusion: 23G MTV is a feasible and safe treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Intraocular hemorrhage during and after the operation may be avoided without anti-VEGF injection.

[Bo Wang, Wen Liu, Peng Chen, Yan-Qing Gao, Zheng Li, Meng-Ping Chen, Xia Huang, Yan-Li Ji. 23-gauge microincision total vitrectomy without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treats proliferative diabetic retinopathy Short title: 23-gauge microincision total vitrectomy without anti-VEGF treats PDR. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):175-180]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.21

Keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; 23G microincision total vitrectomy; vitreous hemorrhage; retinal bleeding

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Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine granules made by formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction for patients with asthma

Jiang Yunfeng

Department of respiration, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China

Abstract: Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) granules made by formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction for patients with asthma. Method: 70 patients with mild asthma who were in Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine from December, 2013 to December, 2014 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 35 patients in each group. All the patients were given salbutamol aerosol inhalation, patients in observation group were additionally given the above mentioned TCM granules. After 12 weeks, the therapeutic effects of the two groups were evaluated. Results: Control rate of the observation group is 97.14% while that of the control group is 74.29%, and there was significantly statistical difference (P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in asthma control test (ACT) score, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1% predicted value(P>0.05). After treatment, the ACT score, PEF, FEV1 and FEV1% predicted value of the patients in observation group were obviously higher than that in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: TCM granules made by formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction combined with salbutamol aerosol can obviously improve the pulmonary function of patients with mild asthma, so it is worthy of being generalized.

[Jiang Yunfeng. Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine granules made by formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction for patients with asthma. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):181-183]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.22

Keywords: Shegan Mahuang decoction; combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine; bronchial asthma

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The Association of Paraoxonase-3 and Glycoxidative Apolipoprotein A-I with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Coronary Artery Disease

Xia Yang

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, NO.101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, China

Abstract: Objective: To explore the association of serum paraoxonase-3 (PON3) and glycoxidative apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) levels with diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: 90 DM patients who were in NO.101 Hospital of PLA from January, 2012 to December, 2014 were selected and divided into DM without CAD group (n=48) and DM with CAD group (n=42). 50 healthy subjects were served as control group. Serum PON3 levels and glycoxidative apoA-I levels were measured to analyze their association with DM complicated with CAD. Results: Serum PON3 levels were significantly lower in DM with CAD group and DM without CAD group than those in control group, while the glycoxidative apoA-I levels were significantly higher than control group. There were statistical differences (P<0.05). Serum PON3 levels were significantly lower in DM with CAD group than those in DM without CAD group, while the glycoxidative apoA-I levels were higher than those in DM without CAD group. There were statistical differences (P<0.05). In DM with CAD group, PON3 levels in patients with multi-vessel disease were significantly lower than those in patients with 1-vessel disease and patients with 2-vessel disease, while the glycoxidative apoA-I levels of patients with multi-vessel disease were significantly higher than those of patients with 1-vessel disease and patients with 2-vessel disease. There were statistical differences (P<0.05). Serum PON3 level was negatively correlated with glycoxidative apoA-I level and the number of diseased coronary vessels (r=-0.217, r=-0.177 respectively, all P<0.05). Glycoxidative apoA-I level was positively correlated with the number of diseased coronary vessels (r=0.713, P<0.05). PON3 and glycoxidative apoA-I were independent predictive factors of DM complicated with CAD (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Serum PON3 in patients with DM complicated with CAD presents lower expression while glycoxidative apoA-I present higher expression, and they are in negative correlation. PON3 and glycoxidative apoA-I are closely associated with DM complicated with CAD.

[Xia Yang. The Association of Paraoxonase-3 and Glycoxidative Apolipoprotein A-I with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Coronary Artery Disease. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):184-188]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.23

Key words: PON3; glycoxidative ApoA-I; DM; CAD

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Maybank’s Corporate Waqf As An Islamic Finance Instrument In Boosting Economic Development And Community’s Prosperity

Khairil Faizal Khairi, Nur Hidayah Laili & Hisham Sabri

Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. +6067986427

khairil@usim.edu.my

Abstract: Nowadays, practitioners and responsible government bodies in the Islamic finance industry have been recognized the potential of corporate waqf as a source of funding. A corporate waqf is an endownment of different sources by a founder with the intention that the corpus or principal should be managed by a trustee with the intention to earn an income that could be spent towards righteous purposes as designated by the founder. The aim is as designated waqf is valuable investment in this world and hereafter life. Waqf is one of financial instruments which has been applied since the early islamic period in Madinah in addressing issues related to economic development and community’s economic prosperity. This is because waqf has been successful in encouraging economic development through various aspects of social welfare to public. Maybank Islamic Berhad involvement in this field is an outburst that can build awareness, inculculate interest and public concern. It can yield the positive impact towards domain corporate social responsibility (CSR) especially from the aspect of development of waqf. Purpose of this article is to determine the uniqueness of corporate endowments featured by Maybank Islamic Berhad and to view its contribution to the economic development and community’s economic prosperity. The general findings of this study indicate that systematic implementation of corporate waqf is very useful in boosting the nation's economic development and community prosperity.

[Khairi, K.F, Laili, N. & Sabri, H. Maybank’s Corporate Waqf as an Islamic Finance Instrument in Boosting the Economic Development and Community’s Economic Prosperity. Life Sci J 2015;12(4):189-193]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj120415.24

Keywords: ‘ain’waqf, corporate waqf, economic prosperity, Islamic finance.

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