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1

Factors that intensify soil degradation in the Kazakhstan part of the Golodnostepsky irrigation massif

Rahym Bekbayev, Nurlan Balgabayev, Yermekul Zhaparkulova, Orazhan Karlihanov, Zhasulan Musin

Kazakh Research Institute of Water Resources, K.Koigeldy, 12, Taraz, 080003, Kazakhstan

Abstract. As a result of the studies made it was established that the intensity of degradation processes in the roots soil strata increased in the Kazakhstan part of the Golodnostepsky irrigation massif. The main factors in intensifying degradation processes are low technical level of irrigation systems, considerable losses (up to 60-70% of the intake) of irrigation water, rising level of mineralized ground water, degradation in quality of irrigation water, and salinity and alkalinity of soil.

[Bekbayev R., Balgabayev N., Zhaparkulova Y., Karlihanov O., Musin Z. Factors that intensify soil degradation in the Kazakhstan part of the Golodnostepsky irrigation massif. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):1-4] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.01

Keywords: mineralization, salinization, soil, irrigation, water resources

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2

Influence of flooding regime on the dynamics of moisture and salt transport in the root layer

Rahym Bekbayev¹, Yermekul Zhaparkulova¹, Raigul Toxambayeva²

¹Kazakh Research Institute of Water Resources, K.Koigeldy, 12, Taraz, 080003, Kazakhstan

²Taraz State University, K.Satpaev, 26, Taraz, 080003, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The results of the research showed that the soil flooding at different rates determines the dynamics of water absorption and various volumes of water infiltration. With increasing norms of soil flooding, absorption rate and the speed of infiltration water increase, thus reducing water contact with solid phase of the soil. Therefore, salts solubility in the pores of the soil and the amount of salts washed out from the roots soil strata decrease.

[Bekbayev R., Zhaparkulova Y., Toxambayeva R. Influence of flooding regime on the dynamics of moisture and salt transport in the root layer. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):5-8] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.02

Keywords: Estuary, irrigation, soil desalinization, flooding rate, lysimeter, infiltration

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3

Heat transfer intensifiers efficiency research by numerical methods

Rinat Shaukatovich Misbakhov¹, Nikolai Ivanovich Moskalenko¹, Victor Mihaylovich Gureev², Andrey Mihaylovich Ermakov²

¹Federal State State-subsidized Educational Instution of Higher Professional Education «Kazan State Power Engineering University», Krasnoselskaya st., 51, Kazan, 420066, Russia

²Federal State Government-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, Marx st., 10, Kazan, 420111, Russia 

Abstract. The article presents the results of numerical modeling studies of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with helical, dimple, ring and semiring recesses. We have obtained graphic value dependences of heat transfer coefficients, heat flow, flow structure and pressure loss of the heater in the pipes and annulus of the heat exchanger. Conclusions on the application have been made on various types of intensifiers at different flow of the heater in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger unit.

[Misbakhov R.S., Moskalenko N.I., Gureev V.M., Ermakov A.M. Heat transfer intensifiers efficiency research by numerical methods. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):9-14] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.03

Keywords: intensifier, heat exchange, modeling, heat transfer, flow structure

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4

Legal regulation of certain types of commercial activities in Russia in the second half XVII – beginning of the XIX century

Alexandra Vladimirovna Plotnikova, Olga Grigoryevna Larina

South-West State University, 50 let Oktyabrya str., 94, Kursk, Russian Federation

E-mail: aleksanklyu@yandex.ru

Abstract. This article analyzes the features of state-legal basis for the functioning of certain types of trading activities (rural, banking, stock exchange, trade contractor, trading companies). The main features of rural trade were discussed. Legal regulation of rural trade was unsystematic, fragmented legislation bore. Legal status of peasants are were dual position and therefore the ambiguity of legal rules for trading peasants. It was found that in the XVIII - first half of XIX century in economic activity contracting trade was widespread. Analysis of the evolution of legislation in this area shows that the contracts on the one hand, had a special meaning for the public finances, and on the other, supported entrepreneurs, allowing them to focus as soon as possible in their hands very large fortunes. So the conclusion is that the needs of the economic life in Russia XVIII - early XIX century contributed to the public credit institutions and banking trade. Commercial bank credit as a form of trade was widely used in business relations in the form of promissory notes. Scientifically justified, that the evolution of forms of wholesale trade contributed to the emergence of exchanges. The role of trading companies was established in the XVIII century in the economic development of Russia. Trading companies not only joined domestic and foreign capital, but also strengthened the position of Russia on the world market. Subsequently, trading companies were transformed into joint stock companies, but at the relevant time, they could not compete with foreign companies, as happened in Russia only the emergence of bargaining and convivial monopoly in the trade relations of the company did not possess.

[Plotnikova A.V., Larina O.G. Legal regulation of certain types of commercial activities in Russia in the second half XVII – beginning of the XIX century. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):15-17] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.04

Keywords: trading activities, rural trade, exchange and banking trade bill, retailers, government procurement, trade law, public authorities, public-law regulation

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5

Information and communication space as the modern civilization context

Tatiana Mikhailovna Kononova¹ and Olga Mikhailovna Goreva²

¹The Tyumen State Academy of Culture, Arts and Social Technologies, Republic str., 19, Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation

²Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Volodarskogo str., 38, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation

Abstract. The peculiarities of information and telecommunications space postindustrial civilization are regarded in the article. The authors hypothesize that the development of the information society will contribute to the balance between the state of nature and the results of anthropogenic activity, also three-dimensional model of the Internet will become the resource and incentive realization of person creative associative thinking.”

[Kononova T.M., Goreva O.M. Information and communication space as the modern civilization context. Life Sci J 2015;11(12s):18-21] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.05

Keywords: global information space, modern civilization, post-industrial information society, technological revolution, three-dimensional model of the Internet.

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6

Current state of the web browser-based data streaming

Anton Pavlovich Teyhrib, Sergey Sergeevich Vedernikov

Company NAUMEN (Nau-service), Tatishcheva Street, 49a, 4th Floor, Ekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article deals with the history of development and the modern state of the technology of receipt and transmission of streaming data with a web browser. It describes the current capabilities of data streaming through a web browser using various methods, starting with web browser add-ons and ending with integrated functionality; determines further prospects of these methods; and formulates the criteria of comparison and the methodology of selection of the technology for creation of a communication Internet service with the functionality of conventional VoIP.

[Teyhrib A.P., Vedernikov S.S. Current state of the web browser-based data streaming. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):22-24] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.06

Keywords: cloud model, streaming data, webcall, VoIP, SIP

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7

Development of professional competence in students of creative pedagogical specialties (professionally-oriented aspect) 

Guldensin Orazbekovna Rakhimbekova¹, Zhanar Manatbekovna Baigozhina², Aitbala Yergaliyevna Abdrakhmanova¹, Aitbala Rakhmanovna Samatanova¹, Raushan Kairlinovna Orazakova¹, Zhanat Zholdybaevna Nurtayeva³, Janat Zhantemirovich Sakenov² 

¹S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan

²Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

³Kazakh Humanities and Law University, Astana, Kazakhstan

E-mail: djakk@mail.ru

Abstract. In article process of development of professional competence at students of creative pedagogical specialties is theoretically reasonable. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature the content of concept of professional competence at students of creative pedagogical specialties as result the educations which are expressing in readiness to solve professional problems, problems of interaction in professional creative activity is opened. Features of development of professional competence at students of pedagogical higher education institution in creative activity are defined, the structure is developed, the contents, criteria and levels professional competences at students of creative pedagogical specialties are defined. Pedagogical conditions of development of professional competence at students of pedagogical higher education institution of creative pedagogical specialties are revealed and proved. The Model of development of professional competence at students of creative pedagogical specialties is developed and experimentally checked.

[Rakhimbekova G.O., Baigozhina Z.M., Abdrakhmanova A.Y., Samatanova A.R., Orazakova R.K., Nurtayeva Z. Z., Sakenov J.Z. Development of professional competence in students of creative pedagogical specialties (professionally-oriented aspect). Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):25-29] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.07

Keywords: development of professional competence, development of professional competence at students of creative pedagogical specialties (professionally-oriented aspect).

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8

Sensitivity of the heat-resistant igniter composition and its initiation mechanism parameters during impact

Oleg Sergeevich Rakhmanin, Sergey Yuryevich Ganigin, Andrey Yuryevich Murzin, Maxim Vladimirovich Nenashev

Samara State Technical University, Molodogvardiis'ka 244, Samara, 443100, Russia

Abstract. The presented paper describes the results of a study of an initiation mechanism of heat-resistant igniter composition from deformation processes perspective during impact and depending on various factors. Characteristics are identified and nature of deformation processes, which occur in a period before explosion, is investigated. Recommendations are developed for an improvement of explosion safety and fire safety of a processing technology of promising substances with high energy output, and conditions of its safe implementation as initiating charge in detonating cap are justified.

[Rakhmanin O.S., Ganigin S.Y., Murzin A.Y., Nenashev M.V. Sensitivity of the heat-resistant igniter composition and its initiation mechanism parameters during impact. Life Sci J 2014;12(1s):30-32] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.08

Keywords: heat-resistant igniter composition, initiation mechanism, deformation processes, impact, initiating charge, safety.

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9

Readiness of students to use digital educational resources in professional activity 

B.G. Sarsenbaeva¹, G.G. Isinbaeva¹, E.A. Vedilina¹, K.S. Butenova¹, B.A. Nurumov¹, J.Zh. Sakenov¹, E.A. Schneider¹, D.Zh. Abdulhamidova¹, F.B. Makyshev² 

¹Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

²Master of ENU L.Gumilev, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

E-main: djakk@mail.ru

Abstract. In research determination of students readiness to use digital educational resources in professional activity in which the content of their future professional work is reflected is given. Criteria of students readiness to use digital educational resources in professional activity are proved: - requirement to use of digital educational resources in professional activity; - knowledge of digital educational resources and ways of their application in professional activity; abilities of using digital educational resources in professional activity. Levels of students readiness to use digital educational resources in professional activity are proved. The Model of students readiness to use digital educational resources in professional activity is experimentally proved.

[Sarsenbaeva B.G., Isinbaeva G.G., Vedilina E.A., Butenova K.S., Nurumov B.A., Sakenov J.Zh., Schneider E.A., Abdulhamidova D.Zh., Makyshev F.B. Readiness of students to use digital educational resources in professional activity. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):33-36] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.09

Keywords: digital educational resources, students readiness to use digital educational resources in professional activity.

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10

Creation of strategy of steady growth of the region on the basis of tools of economics of quality

Vladimir Valentinovich Okrepilov

Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)

State Regional Centre for Standardization

Metrology and Testing in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region

(Test-St. Petersburg)

Kurlyandskaya st., 1, St. Petersburg, 190103, Russia

Abstract. In the article the possibilities of spatial development of regions on a basis to development of strategy of steady growth with the use of tools of Economics of Quality are considered. The author investigates the analysis of conditions of development of regions in Russia, features of modernization and a perspective of stability of economic growth, influence of Economics of Quality in various aspects of its manifestation.

[Okrepilov V. V. Creation of strategy of steady growth of the region on the basis of tools of economics of quality. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):37-43] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.10

Keywords: tools of Economics of Quality, modernization, strategy, standardization, quality system, economics of quality, steady growth of the region

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11

Effect of age, sex hormones and aldosterone on SCORE in perimenopausal women

Ganna S. Isayeva¹, Alexander V. Martynenko², Olga A. Beloded³ , Tat’yana A. Struk³, Marina V. Vovchenko¹, Tat’yana N. Bondar¹

¹ Government Institution «National Institute of Therapy named after L.T. Malaya of National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine», prospect of Postishev 2А, 61039, Harkov, Ukraine, GU «National Institute of therapy ufter L.T. Maloy»

² V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

³ Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education

Abstract. The paper investigates the effect of age and sex hormones level on cardiovascular risk in women during their natural perimenopause. Methods and results. Cross-sectional study with participation of 160 perimenopausal women was conducted. All patients underwent cardiovascular risk assessment using SCORE and relative SCORE system. Follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and aldosterone serum content was assessed in the serum. Principle Component Analysis was applied for assessment of effects of age and hormone levels on SCORE. It was found out that, besides age, SCORE in perimenopausal women may be considerably affected by follicle-stimulating hormone, aldosterone and progesterone levels. Conclusion. Aldosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone levels influence on cardiovascular risk in perimenopausal women.

[Isayeva G.S., Martynenko A.V., Beloded O.A., Struk T.A., Vovchenko M. V., Bondar T. N. Effect of age, sex hormones and aldosterone on SCORE in perimenopausal women. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):44-49] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.11

Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors, women, sex hormones.

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12

Analysis of paleoflora families’ composition in the bodies of water of Western Siberia in the Pleistocene

Dmitry Alekseevich Durnikin, Anna Sergeevna Eremina

Altai State University, Lenina Blvd, 61, Barnaul, 656000, Russian Federation

Abstract. The main stages of the bodies of water flora development in the Eopleistocene and the Neopleistocene epochs of the Quaternary period were examined. The research was based on paleobotanical data, the analysis of paleofloras composition, the taphocenosis, and the continuous series of paleocarpological data. It was proved that during the Pleistocene the formation of the modern Western Siberia waterbodies flora was mainly accomplished. Its further evolution was determined to reorganizations of landscape zones, changes of waterbodies areas, and some evolutionary changes of morphologically developed species (this process continues nowadays). In general, the Pleistocene paleoflora of waterbodies is represented by 34 families, 48 genera, and 161 species; 134 (83.2%) of them are the modern ones.

[Durnikin D.A., Eremina A.S. Analysis of paleoflora families’ composition in the bodies of water of Western Siberia in the Pleistocene. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):50-52] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.12

Keywords: the Quaternary period, the Eopleistocene, the Neopleistocene, the Pleistocene epoch, the waterbodies flora, water and riparian plants, species composition, structure, climate

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13

Species composition of Western Siberia waterbodies paleoflora during the Pleistocene

Dmitry Alekseevich Durnikin, Anna Sergeevna Eremina

Altai State University, Lenina Blvd, 61, Barnaul, 656000, Russian Federation

Abstract. The main stages of Western Siberia waterbodies paleoflora development in the Pleistocene were examined. The core of reservoirs flora got formed during the Upper Pliocene – Pleistocene (Early - Middle Neopleistocene). Later on, during the Middle – Late Pleistocene, the depletion of flora core occurred because of the loss of thermophilic species. It can be explained with the geomorphological and climatic changes during these stages. At the same time, since the Eopleistocene, the waterbodies flora was replenished with the elements of halophilic complex.

[Durnikin D.A., Eremina A. S. Species composition of Western Siberia waterbodies paleoflora during the Pleistocene. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):53-55] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.13

Keywords: the Quaternary period, the Eopleistocene, the Neopleistocene, the Pleistocene epoch, species composition, waterbodies flora, water and riparian plants, species composition, structure, climate

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14

A constitutional status of the economic security system of the Russian Federation

Veronika Sergeevna Khizhnyak¹, Sergey Borisovich Surovov¹, Sergey Aleksandrovich Belousov¹, Vera Nikolaevna Batova²

¹Saratov State Law Academy, Russia, Volskay Street, 1, Saratov, 410056, Russian Federation

²Penza State Technological University, Prospect Baydukova / Gagarin Street, 1a/11, Penza, 440039, Russian Federation

Abstract. This article considers the problem of a constitutional status of economic security, one of the key functions of any state. It outlines the role of economic security as a fundamental subsystem of national security of any country. Here an approach of Russian and foreign scientists to the studied problem is analyzed as far as it concerns the existing methods of government control at the presence of various authorities engaged in the process of economic security provision and at the absence of common centre responsible for control management, in order to solve general strategic problems for the benefit of national security of any country in the absence of proper systematization of the current legislation of many countries in the field of economic security and federal laws governing the status of authorities in charge of its provision.

[Khizhnyak V.S., Surovov S.B., Belousov S.A., Batova V.N. A constitutional status of the economic security system of the Russian Federation. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):56-60] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.14

Keywords: constitutional status, economic security, national security, state sovereignty, legal regulation, threats to economic stability

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15

Social and labour standards of Russian and foreign educational legislation

Tatiana Vysheslavova

Law Institute of the North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkin str., 1, 355001, Stavropol, Russian Federation

E-mail: vysheslavova_tf@mail.ru; Tel: 8-962-446-30-81

Abstract. This article deals with a comparative analysis of educational legislation of the Russian Federation and the republics of Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, South Ossetia in the provision of educational participants of social and labor relations of state guarantees. Measures of social support of the students in these countries as traditional for them, and innovations of educational legislation are considered; and also legal regulation of labor relations of pedagogical workers, reflecting the special character of their work in the modern world and considering various public features.

[Vysheslavova T. Social and labour standards of Russian and foreign educational legislation Life Sci J 2014;12(1s):61-64] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.15

Keywords: education, education legislation, the Law “On Education”, social security, labor warranty, expansion of social support, social security, labor relations

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16

The historical review of the legal reforms of the Russian and South Ossetian systems of education

Elena Anatolievna Tereshchenko

North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina st., 1, Stavropol, 356009, Stavropolsky krai, Russian Federation

E-mail: Elena-tereshhenk@yandex.ru; Tel: 89097721982

Abstract. The author of the article identifies the peculiarities of the state and legal regulation of the system of education in the certain historic period using the system analysis of the Russian normative acts and taking into consideration the opinions of different Russian scientists. The chronological frameworks of the article include the period from the end of the XVII century prior to 2013. The issues of the educational system development in South Ossetia are considered in the historical retrospective. The results of the scientific research are aimed at developing approaches to improve the legislation regulating the systems of education in the Russian Federation and the Republic of South Ossetia by using the drawn conclusions.

[Tereshchenko E.A. The historical review of the legal reforms of the Russian and South Ossetian systems of education. Life Sci J 2014;12(1s):65-69] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.16

Keywords: Education, history, system, normative act, stages of education, school, gymnasium (grammar school), university

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Training of speech activity of students: psycholinguistic statement of a problem

Gulzhauhar Ahmetovna Kurebaeva¹, Gulnara Ahmetovna Kurebaeva², Gulnar Saylauhanovna Tusungozhinova², Sholpan Shakarimovna Abisheva², Gulnara Samenovna Kusainova², Janat Zhantemirovich Sakenov³

¹Kazakh Humanities and Law University, Astana, Kazakhstan

²Semey State na Shakarim, Kazakhstan

³Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

Ph. 8 (7182) 552798; 627606; 87014175844; E-mail: djakk@mail.ru

Abstract. In research psycholinguistic statement of a problem of training of speech activity of students is proved; activity approach to training of speech activity of students from the point of view of its system and structural characteristics and opportunities for formation of professional and communicative competence of future experts is considered; the main directions of interdisciplinary integration in the course of professionally focused training of students of speech activity are defined and the psycholinguistic Model of training of speech activity of the students, providing formation of communicative knowledge and the abilities actual for future profession of trainees is developed; efficiency of the developed psycholinguistic Model of training of speech activity of students is checked during experimental activity.

[Kurebaeva G.A., Kurebaeva G.A., Tusungozhinova G.S., Abisheva S.S., Kusainova G.S., Sakenov J.Z. Training of speech activity of students: psycholinguistic statement of a problem. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):70-73]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.17

Keywords: Training of speech activity of students, psycholinguistic statement of a problem of training of speech activity of students

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18

The guidelines for the economic security of agricultural enterprises as a factor for the stable development of agricultural economy

Aleksandr Jurievich Pavlov¹, Vera Nikolaevna Batova¹, Larisa Ivanovna Maljuk¹, Sergey Aleksandrovich Belousov²

¹Penza State Technological University

Prospect Baydukova / Gagarin Street, 1a/11, Penza, 440039, Russian Federation

²Saratov State Law Academy

Volskaya Street, 1, Saratov, 410056, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article considers the notion of economic security as applied to the manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The authors detect its functional components and also the external and internal threats for the economic security of agricultural enterprises with a glance to factors inherent in this field. Besides, they formulate definitions for such notions as “the economic security of agricultural enterprises”, “threatens for the economic security of agricultural enterprises” and “the economic mobility of agricultural enterprises”. The authors propose the guidelines to improve the economic security of agricultural business entities.

[Pavlov A.J., Batova V.N., Maljuk L.I., Belousov S.A. The guidelines for the economic security of agricultural enterprises as a factor for the stable development of agricultural economy. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):74-76]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18 

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.18

Keywords: economic security; agricultural enterprise; threatens for economic security; economic globalization; competitiveness

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The rise and fall of Umayyad Caliphate from Ibn Khaldoon’s perspective

Dr. Nariman Abdullah

Lecturer, department of history, Halabje Universit, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

narimanabdolla1978@gmail.com

Abstract: The rise and fall of Umayyad Caliphate during the early centuries of Islamic Caliphate rise is one of the significant and historic events of the world of Islam. After the Prophet (PBUH) and the Rashidun Caliphs (AS), Umayyads could take control of a vast territory of Islam for 89 years. Governance of Umayyad over the world of Islam brought about consequences in Islamic discourse like the conversion of caliphate to monarchy and the shift from religion to secularism. As an important event of Islamic history, the rise of Umayyad Caliphate and the causes of its fall have only been studied from political perspective by Islamic historiographers. Ibn Khaldoon is probably the only historiographer that has reported this event differently in political, economic, and cultural perspectives. The present study was aimed at investigating how Umayyad Caliphate rose and why it fell from Ibn Khaldoon's perspective. In so doing, his views were scrutinized in order to review the cause of the fall of Umayyad Caliphate and also highlight this point that Ibn Khaldoon's views are different from those of the early historiographers of Islam. From Ibn Khaldoon's perspective, Umayyad rulers' transition from religion to secularism, violent behavior of Umayyad military governors and figures, depreciation of military commanders and ignorance of their achievements by Umayyad rulers, and success of Abbasids in stabilizing their legitimacy as real successors of the prophet are among the most important causes of fall of Umayyad Caliphate.

[Nariman Abdullah. The rise and fall of Umayyad Caliphate from Ibn Khaldoon’s perspective. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):77-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1201s15.19

Keywords: Islamic Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate; Ibn Khaldoon; Abbasids

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