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Association Between Antibiotics And Disinfectants Resistance profiles Among Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates In Zagazig University Hospitals Intensive Care Unit

Nissreen E. Ali¹, Samar S. Morsi¹, ElSayed A. Elgohary²

¹Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

²Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

nissreenbadawy77@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: The study was conducted to investigate the association between the resistance profile of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to antibiotics and their biocides resistance profile. In addition, to investigate the plasmid profile of multidrug resistant isolates. Material and Methods: Eight hundred clinical samples were obtained from medical intensive care unit of Zagazig University Hospitals including urine, sputum, pus and blood. Suspected Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified by API system. Their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics were tested using Kirby and Bauer disk diffusion method. MICs of some antimicrobial agents and biocides that were commonly used in Zagazig University Hospitals were determined by the agar dilution method and then resistant isolates were typed by plasmid analysis method. Results: Eighty eight Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and nine cases of non- baumannii Acinetobacter were obtained from different clinical specimens. 96.6% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant by Kirby and Bauer disk diffusion method. Ceftazidime MICs were the highest; and ciprofloxacin demonstrated lower MICs when tested against the clinical isolates. MICs of polymixin B and amikacin were the lowest and the isolates were more sensitive to both drugs. Also, these isolates were more susceptible to gluteraldehyde and chlorine with decreased sensitivity to ethyl alcohol. A specific plasmid profile was associated with multidrug resistance profile of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Conclusion: There is a wide spread of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, in medical intensive care unit of the Zagazig University Hospital. Also, a significant correlation between certain antibiotic and biocides resistance was observed with specific plasmid profile of multidrug resistant isolates.

[Nissreen E. Ali, Samar S. Morsi, ElSayed A. Elgohary. Association Between Antibiotics And Disinfectants Resistance profiles Among Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates In Zagazig University Hospitals. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):1-8]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.01

Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, agar dilution, multidrug resistant, biocides resistance, plasmid profile.

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Seasonal Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Lake Timsah, Ismailia, Egypt

Maha Abdelfattah Khalil^*1, Ehab Aly Beltagy², Wagih Abd El Fattah Elshouny¹, Emad Hamdy Abo El-Naga³, Mohamed Ahmed Elshenawy² and Mahmoud Saber Kelany⁴

¹Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

²Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt.

³Biochemistry Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez, Egypt.

⁴Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez, Egypt.

Mahakhalil90@yahoo.com

Abstract: In recent years, Lake Timsah in Ismailia city has been subjected to significant environmental changes caused by various anthropogenic activities. The seasonal physico-chemical and bacterial analysis were integrated for assessing lake water quality. Forty-eight water samples were collected from Lake Timsah during February-December 2012. Seasonal analyses of physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the collected samples were assessed. Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of tested samples showed the highest values in winter season, ranged between 2.00 ml/l - 9.6 ml/l, 4.4 - 22 MgO₂/l, and 13.2 - 55.2 mg/l, respectively. In winter, CCA (Canonical Corresponding Analysis) indicates that Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae were strongly correlated with salinity and pH; Total Coliform (TC) and Salmonella sp. with PO₄. In spring, CCA were estimated correlation of TC with ammonia; Escherichia coli with nitrate and nitrite; Aeromonas sp. with pH and salinity and Salmonella sp. with transparency. In summer, TC correlated with phosphate; S. aureus with salinity; and Shigella sp. with pH. In autumn, S. aureus had correlated with pH. Overall, the study concluded that the quality of lake water has deteriorated to the extent of being unfit for different purposes. Urgently restoration and effective management needed for its sustained existence and continued provisioning of various economic goods and ecosystem services.

[Maha Abdelfattah Khalil, Ehab Aly Beltagy, Wagih Abd El Fattah Elshouny, Emad Hamdy Abo El-Naga, Mohamed Ahmed Elshenawy and Mahmoud Saber Kelany. Seasonal Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Lake Timsah, Ismailia, Egypt. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):9-17]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.02

Keywords: Water pollution, Lake Timsah, physicochemical characteristics, bacteria.

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The use of probiotic preparations on basis of bacteria of a genus Bacillus during intoxication of lead and zinc

Sizentsov Aleksey, Kvan Olga, Vishnyakov Aleksandr, Babushkina Alena, Drozdova Elena

FSEE HPE «Orenburg state university», contact: avenue Pobedy, 13, h. 16,    r. 307, Orenburg, Russia, 460018, tel: 89225485657.

E-mail: kwan111@yandex.ru.

Abstract: Objective: The research on model of the groups-analogues of the laboratory rats took place in the experimental biological clinic (vivarium) of the Orenburg State University. Materials and methods: For the purpose of the research there have been formed eight groups: 5 control ones and 3 experimental ones out of 96 individuals. K0- the main ration, K1- the main ration with the supplement of zinc sulfate on the basis of 100 ml/kg of the body weight, K2- the main ration with the supplement of “Sporobacterin”, K3-the main ration with supplement of “Biosporin”, K4-the main ration with the supplement of “Bactisubtil”. Three experimental groups were getting the main ration with the supplement of zinc sulfate and probiotics- “Biosporin”(O1), “Sporobacterin”(O2), “Bactisubtil”(O3). Dosage of the probiotics corresponded to the annotations of the preparations. Experimental animals have been kept in the same conditions. Zinc sufate was used on the first day of the experiment, and probiotics from the first to the 7^th day. Material taking was done on the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st days. We have analysed the ability of the bacilli to the accumulation of zinc ions in a tissues with help of atomic absorptive spectrometry (for that we took biological materials such as bones, muscles and skin of the laboratory animals). Preparation of samples was done by the following method: the biomaterial of 5g weight was subjected to the ignition, then lime precipitations dissolved in a 10% nitric acid. During the experiment it was determined that bone tissue has the most accumulating ability regarding zinc ions. There was the same situation as on the experiment studying the efficiency of use of the probiotics during the intoxication of lead ions. Results and Discussion: As it comes from the above-stated B. subtilis 534 belonged to the preparation “Sporobacterin” has the highest accumulating ability, it reduces the concentration of lead ions on average to 58.9%, the similar index in groups O1 and O3 was 50.7% and 44.5%. The most effective preparation from the ones under study during poisoning of lead ions was “Sporobacterin”, the least effective one - “Biosporin”.

Annotaton: this article gives the analysis of effectiveness of the use of probiotic preparations during intoxication of lead and zinc by means of estimation of its bioaccumulation out of different tissues of laboratory animals.

[Sizentsov Aleksey, Kvan Olga, Vishnyakov Aleksandr, Babushkina Alena, Drozdova Elena. The use of probiotic preparations on basis of bacteria of a genus Bacillus during intoxication of lead and zinc. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):18-20]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.03

Keywords: probiotics, lead, zinc, bioaccumulation, Bacillus.

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Plate Fixation for Management of Non United Tibial Fractures Previously Fixed with Locked Intramedullary Nail

Mohamed Abdeen and Adel Abdel Azim

Departement of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

aeladawy@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Tibial nonunion after locked intramedullary fixation is uncommon but if occurred there is much controversy about its management. Patients and methods: Twenty-one cases were managed by augmentation plating. Additional procedures as bone grafting and fibular osteotomy were done in some cases. Results: Union was achieved in 100% of cases with no serious complications reported Conclusion: This method is more reliable than other methods in treatment of tibial non union after locked intramedullary nail fixation in certain situations.

[Mohamed Abdeen AND Adel Abdel Azim. Plate Fixation for Management of Non United Tibial Fractures Previously Fixed with Locked Intramedullary Nail. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):21-23]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.04

Keywords: Plate fixation, Nonunion, tibial, intramedullary nail.

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Self-esteem: Enhancing Good Practices and Overcoming Barriers

Mohaned Abed

Program of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

mabed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: It is believed that several factors contribute to successful learning, and teaching is merely a part of the learning environment. A main restraint on motivation, and thus learning, is the child's level of self-esteem. The development of high self-esteem is significant in order for children to be happy and successful. As such, the term of 'self-esteem' has received a significant portion of attention in both the educational and social fields. This article is focused with discussing children's self-esteem, which is one of the many important issues regarding children. This paper will, firstly, present an understanding of the term ‘self-esteem’, the models to which it applies, and its measurement. Secondly, the paper also focuses on the development of self-esteem, the barriers regarding its development, and the importance of self-esteem with regards to its relationship to learning, behaviour and emotional difficulties, as well as a consideration to bullying and aggression. Thirdly, the role of schools in enhancing children's self-esteem will be discussed with reference to two perspectives: Self-esteem being built on an individual basis, which will be discussed briefly, and self-esteem on a class level, with particular attention to Circle Time.

[Abed M. Self-esteem: Enhancing Good Practices and Overcoming Barriers. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):24-33]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.05

Keywords: Self-esteem; Emotional Behavioural Difficulty; Circle Time; Bullying; Aggression.

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Use Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) Model to Diagnose For Nutrient Balance and Productivity of Lettuce Plants under Fertigation with Different Potassium Fertilizer Sources

Youssef, R. A¹; Abd El-Rheem Kh. M.¹ and Shaymaa I. Shedeed²

¹Soils and Water Use Dept., ²Plant nutrition Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

refatay@gmail.com,    khaled_abdelrheem@yahoo.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on a loamy sandy soil at Om Saber Farm (110 km from Cairo), South El-Tahrer Province, El-Behiera Governorate, Egypt during the winter production season of 2013.  The current work was an attempt to investigate the effect of different combinations of three potassium fertilizers, i.e. KNO₃, K₂SO₄ and KCl on nutrients balance by using DRIS model, and the extent of the impact on the yield of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L., Ice -berg cv.). Fertigation was applied at the following twelve combination ratios of potassium chloride (63 % K₂O), potassium nitrate (13 % N and 46 % K₂O) and potassium sulfate (50 % K₂O) : (100 , 75 , 50 and 25) for each relative to 100 that equal to the total K requirement during growth stage (90 unit for lettuce).Lettuce crops with 29 treatments were ranked in the high-yielding population (yield ≥ 8 ton fed.^-1), while 19 treatments yielded < 8 ton fed^-1 were ranked in the low- yielding. DRIS norms and indices established and Nutritional Balance Index (NBI) calculated for lettuce crop should be useful to evaluate lettuce nutritional status and to calibrate fertilizer programs. Data revealed that the lowest nutrient balance index was recorded from combination treatments 50 % KCl + 50 % KNO₃ + 0 % K₂SO₄, 0 % KCl + 50 % KNO₃ + 50 % K₂SO₄, 0 % KCl + 25 % KNO₃ + 75 % K₂SO₄ and 0 % KCl + 100 % KNO₃ + 0 % K₂SO₄ were attained 59.10, 66.93, 68.60 and 75.70, respectively; this treatments achieved high exportable yield which were 13.0, 11.75, 11.49 and 10.14 ton fed^-1, respectively.  Selection of these treatments shows that the diversity of the use of sources of potassium leads to more efficient use of potassium fertilizer.

[Youssef, R. A; Abd El-Rheem Kh. M. and Shaymaa I. Shedeed. Use Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) Model to Diagnose For Nutrient Balance and Productivity of Lettuce Plants under Fertigation with Different Potassium Fertilizer Sources. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):34-38]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.06

Key words: DRIS index, Lettuce ((Lactuca sativa L.), Nutrient balance, Potassium fertilizer, Yield.

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External Apical Root Resorption Following Cervical Traction Headgear

Ahmed R. Afify ¹, Khalid H. Zawawi ¹ and Hisham I. Othman²

¹ Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

² Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

kzawawi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate external apical root resorption of the maxillary first permanent molars following cervical traction headgear during orthodontic treatment of Class II division 1 patients. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion with a mean age of 13.4 (±1.5) years were selected and divided into two groups. Headgear group comprised 18 subjects treated with extra-oral cervical traction headgear and a control group consisting of 20 subjects (age and gender matched) treated using fixed orthodontic appliances (Roth 0.018” inch slot system). External apical root resorption (EARR) of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots was assessed by directly measuring pre- and post-treatment root lengths for both maxillary right and left first permanent molars using orthopantomographs (OPG). Results: The duration of treatment for the headgear group (14 ±1.8 months) was significantly shorter than the controls (22 ±4.7 months), p < 0.001. There was significant decrease in the means of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal tooth lengths in the headgear group and the controls, p <0.001. However, the decrease in the mesiobuccal tooth length in the headgear group was significantly more than the controls, p <0.001. The distobuccal tooth lengths changes were not different, p =0.14. Conclusions: The use of cervical traction headgear resulted in EARR especially in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars. Continuous radiographic monitoring is encouraged.

[Ahmed R. Afify, Khalid H. Zawawi and Hisham I. Othman. External Apical Root Resorption Following Cervical Traction Headgear. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):39-43]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.07

Keywords: root resorption, headgear, orthodontic, cervical-traction, Class II malocclusion.

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The Effect of Salvadora persica L. Sticks on Bacterial Counts and Oral Odor: A Crossover Clinical Study

Mohammed Abdullah Alqumber

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia

dr.alqumber@gmail.com

Abstract: The study aimed to determine the effects of Salvadora persica L. sticks on oral bacteria and odor in comparison to traditional mouth disinfection with mouth rinses. Thirty-five healthy fasting volunteers took part in a crossover clinical trial involving the application of Listerine^® Cool Mint^® mouth rinse by the traditional panoral rinsing method or a site-specific method targeting the subgingival and supragingival plaque with Salvadora persica L. sticks. The viable anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts, volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) levels, organoleptic assessment of oral odor and the tongue-coating index were compared at baseline, as well as 1, 5 and 9 hours after the treatment. Salvadora persica L. sticks reduced the VSCs and anaerobic bacterial loads while keeping the aerobic bacterial numbers higher than the traditional panoral disinfection method with Listerine^® Cool Mint^® rinse. Therefore, Salvadora persica L. sticks maintain a healthy oral cavity more effectively by predominantly disinfecting the niches of anaerobic bacteria within the oral cavity.

[Alqumber M. A. The Effect of Salvadora persica L. Sticks on Bacterial Counts and Oral Odor: A Crossover Clinical Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):44-48]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.08

Keywords: oral anaerobes; Salvadora persica L. protocol; volatile sulfur compounds; oral malodor; mouth rinse

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Maternal Dental Health and Low Birth Weight Among Term Deliveries

Safia Ali Al-Attas

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: salattass@kau.edu.sa

Abstracts: Background: Giving birth to infants of low birth weight (LBW) (less than 2,500 grams) is a major public health problem worldwide. In an attempt to identify modifiable risk factors for LBW in Saudi Arabia, the present research was undertaken to investigate a potential association between maternal dental health and dental care during pregnancy with LBW due to fetal growth retardation. Material & Methods: A case-control study was conducted on a group of post partum mothers, at two major hospitals, in Jeddah city. The case group (47 women) is defined as those mothers who delivered an infant weighing <2500g and born at term (i.e. > 37 weeks of gestation), while the control group (58 mothers) were defined as women who delivered at term infants weighing ≥2500g. Data on previous and current known risk factors and dental care services were obtained from the patients’ medical records and interviews. Maternal anthropometric data and DMFT scores were taken. Results: The selected case and control groups were relatively homogenous, based on their demographic, social and anthropometric data. However, there were significant differences between the groups in the distribution of some variables which could be associated with LBW in the study population. These include decrease in the gestational age; parity; previous delivery of LBW as well as maternal hypertension and anemia. Although the mothers in both groups had high unmet dental care needs, neither the DMFT scores nor the utilization of different dental treatments and radiographs were found to have a possible role in LBW; (P-value >0.05). Conclusion: The data of the present study showed no association between maternal dental health or dental care with LBW due to intrauterine growth retardation.

[Safia Ali Al-Attas. Maternal Dental Health and Low Birth Weight Among Term Deliveries. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):49-56]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.09

Keywords: Dental health, Dental caries, Dental care, Intrauterine growth retardation, Low birth weight. 

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Kinect Based Electronic Assisting System to Facilitate People with Disabilities Using KXPRUM Agile Model

M. Rizwan Jameel Qureshi¹, Ahmed Barnawi²

^1-2. Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

rmuhammd@kau.edu.sa, ambarnawi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: There is a need of electronic assisting system to facilitate people with disabilities to perform their daily life tasks. Microsoft Kinect technology was introduced with Xbox to allow the children to play games using motions instead of using joysticks. The success of Kinect technology came up heuristically to scientists to use this technology in other disciplines like medical field. This research is conducted to develop an electronic assisting system to facilitate patients to make them free of attendants to perform routine tasks like on coffee maker, on/off air conditioner/light and control wheelchair. A customized KXPRUM model is proposed to develop the electronic system. The results are reported on the first four releases of electronic assisting system. Five patients act as customer to conduct case study to validate the proposed KXPRUM model. 80% customer satisfaction is achieved to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

[Qureshi MRJ, Barnawi A. Kinect Based Electronic Assisting System to Facilitate People with Disabilities Using KXPRUM Agile Model. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):57-62] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.10

Keywords: automation; Kinect technology; XP; Scrum; patients with disabilities

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The mediating role of anxiety to perform social skills between parental attachment and adolescents’ self-efficacy

Nakisa Parsa¹, Ma’rof Redzuan², Siti Nor Yaacob¹, Parisa Parsa³ & Bita Parsa⁴

 ¹Department of Human Development & Family Studies Family, Faculty of Human Ecology, University

Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

² Department of Social and Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

³ Research Center for Chronic Diseases Care at Home, Department of Mother and Child Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

⁴ Department of Human Resource Development, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Nakisa15@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study examined the mediating role of adolescent’s anxiety to perform social skills on the relationships between perceived parental attachment and self-efficacy among 374 Iranian adolescents aged 17 to 19 years old. Survey results showed that parental attachment was significantly related to an adolescent’s self-efficacy (p<0.05). Moreover, the results revealed that adolescents with low self-efficacy experienced higher anxiety to perform social skills (p<0.05). Anxiety to perform social skills mediated the relationship between parental attachment and adolescents’ self-efficacy (p<0.05). The findings highlighted the mediating role of anxiety to perform social skills on the relationship between parental attachment and adolescent’s self-efficacy. 

[Nakisa Parsa, Ma’rof Redzuan, Siti Nor Yaacob, Parisa Parsa & Bita Parsa. The mediating role of anxiety to perform social skills between parental attachment and adolescents’ self-efficacy. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):63-70]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.11

Keywords: parental attachment, self-efficacy, anxiety to perform social skills, adolescence.

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An Examination of Pre-Service Teachers’ Goal Orientations, Self-Regulation and Active Procrastination

Ali Abdullahi Taura¹, Maria Chong Abdullah ¹, Samsilah Roslan ¹, Zoharah Omar ².

¹ Department of Foundations of Education, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

² Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

mariac@upm.edu.my

Abstract: This study examined the relationships between intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, self-regulation and active procrastination; and the mediating role of self-regulation in these relationships. A total of 426 pre-service teachers (223 males, 203 females) studying in colleges of education in Nigeria participated in the study. A set of self-report questionnaire was used to measure the participants’ levels of procrastination, goal orientations, and self-regulation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS software was employed as statistical technique for data analysis of the study. The findings, based on the hypothesized structural model, which overall goodness-of-fit indices indicate good model fit revealed that, while extrinsic goal orientation was found to be directly significant predictor of active procrastination, intrinsic goal orientation was not. However, mediation analysis, based on SEM or modern approach, indicated that there was an evidence of indirect effects of the predictor variables on active procrastination through self-regulation. Test of mediation by bootstrapping method established significant mediating role of self-regulation in the relationships between intrinsic goal orientation and extrinsic goal orientation and active procrastination. Conclusion and implications of the study have been highlighted.

[Ali Abdullahi Taura, Maria Chong Abdullah, Samsilah Roslan, Zoharah Omar. An Examination of Pre-Service Teachers’ Goal Orientations, Self-Regulation and Active Procrastination. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):71-81]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.12

Keywords: procrastination, self-regulation, goal orientations, active procrastination, pre-service teachers

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Smoking Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Saudi Population

Ahmed S Eldalo

Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA

Email: ahmed_dalo@hotmail.com; Mobile Tel.: +966555250840

Abstract: Despite the warning in the media and on each packet of cigarettes, the percentage of smokers in developing countries is increasing. The objective was to determine smoking prevalence and its related knowledge and attitude among Saudi males. Cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi adult males in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia during the period from June to September 2012. A structured pretested and self-administered questionnaire was used anonymously. A total of 392 participants were included. The prevalence of smoking was 23%, of these 37.5% smoke the first cigarette early in the morning on an empty stomach. The main cause for smoking was peer friends 62.2%. There was significant difference between the educational level regarding the causes of started smoking (P = 0.006). The knowledge about diseases caused by smoking was good among the smokers. The current study shows that, smoking is a real health problem among Saudi males. Massive intervention program about smoking control especially among younger people is needed.

[Ahmed S Eldalo. Smoking Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Saudi Population. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):82-85]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.13

Keywords: Smoking, Prevalence, knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Arabia.

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Keratinizing Type Of Squamous Carcinoma Of Distal Stomach, An Unusual Finding: Case Report

Amer Shafie Abdelrahman^{1, 2}, Ammar Alrikabi², Imtiaz Qureshi¹, Jameel Al Nemari², Mohamad Nidal Khabaz¹

¹. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

². Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.

mnkhabaz@kau.edu.sa, nkhabaz@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Primary gastric carcinoma of squamous differentiation, in the list of stomach neoplasms, is a tremendously rare entity. Appraisal of the medical literature showed few cases (less than 100) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been documented hitherto. SCC of the stomach is seen mostly in males with increased incidence of proximal stomach and a predilection for lesser curvature. This case is unique and might be the first reported one as it is affecting distal stomach of a 72 years old Saudi woman. The pathological features are described together with a literature review and comparison with similar reported cases with special emphasis on the diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and prognosis.

[Abdelrahman AS, Alrikabi A, Quershi I, Al Nemari, Khabaz MN. Keratinizing Type Of Squamous Carcinoma Of Distal Stomach, An Unusual Finding: Case Report. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):86-88]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.14

Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma; stomach.

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Serum Leptin, Adiponectin and Vaspin Concentrations in Early Infancy: Relation to Feeding Practices and Indices of Growth and Adiposity

Mousa Numan Ahmad, Lilas Mohammad Fahham

Department of Nutrition and Food Technology/ Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JORDAN. mosnuman@ju.edu.jo; mousanuman@gmail.com

Abstract: Early infant feeding practices can be considered as a target for later obesity prevention. Investigating whether some adipokines are involved is particularly interesting. The aim of this study was to investigate leptin, adiponectin and vaspin concentrations under different feeding practices in early infancy and their relation with growth and adiposity indices. Sixty healthy term infants, 33 males and 27 females, aged 2-5 months were grouped according to feeding practices into 29 exclusively breastfed, 14 exclusively formula-fed and 17 mixed-fed, and their leptin, adiponectin and vaspin were quantified and correlated to infant weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, body mass index (BMI)-for-age and head circumference-for-age WHO Z-scores. Neither anthropometric Z-scores of males and females nor leptin, adiponectin or vaspin were affected by feeding practice. These adipokines were also not affected by age. In contrast to adiponectin and vaspin, leptin exhibited marked gender differences (p<0.05) in breastfed, formula-fed and mixed-fed infants. When all infants were analyzed together, leptin correlated positively (p<0.0001) with weight-for-age (r=0.68), length-for-age (r=0.62), weight-for-length (r = 0.44), BMI-for-age (r=0.53) and head circumference-for-age (r=0.25) Z-scores. With the exception of the latter, concordant correlations for leptin were obtained when study groups were processed separately according to feeding practices. Both adiponectin and vaspin did not correlate with any anthropometric Z-scores. In conclusions, the results of our study do not support that variation of infant feeding practice has an important impact on leptin, adiponectin and vaspin concentrations in early infancy. Leptin seems to be gender-dependent and reflects growth and adiposity patterns in early infancy, independent of feeding practice.

[Ahmad MN, Fahham LM. Serum Leptin, Adiponectin and Vaspin Concentrations in Early Infancy: Relation to Feeding Practices and Indices of Growth and Adiposity. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):89-97] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.15

Key words: Leptin, adiponectin, vaspin, breastfeeding, formula feeding, obesity, infants.

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Software component project evaluation based on quality measure

Sara Shahzad¹, Shah Nazir¹, Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid¹, Islam Zada¹, Rohul Amin²

¹Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar

²Department of Mathematics, University of Peshawar

{sara, shahnzr, raminmath}@upesh.edu.pk, {sbshah27, islamzada28}@yahoo.com

Abstract: Component based software development projects involve the incorporation of different components which are found in different component based project repositories. Quality evaluation of these components is an essential part of component based software development lifecycle, and it consumes significantly massive amount of organization’s time and effort. The decision about the evaluation of a good component is very hard and critical. There are a number of quality factors which influence the selection of a particular component. Informal evaluations, not specifically following necessary quality, functional and strategic criteria, result in schedule delays as well as lower entire system quality. In this paper, we have discussed the applicability of Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) for software component project evaluation, which is based on quality measure defined in ISO/IEC 25010:2011. The methodology carefully derives meaningful evaluation from complex and uncertain decision framework. A case study is presented for the evaluation of component based project and for the validation of the proposed method.

[Sara Shahzad, Shah Nazir, Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid, Islam Zada, Rohul Amin . Software component project evaluation based on quality measure. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):98-107]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.16

Keywords: ISO/IEC 25010, Software Components, Fuzzy ANP.

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Symbols in Poet Mukhtar Shakhanov’s Linguistic Personality

Abikenova Gulnat Tokenovna^{1 –} Doctor of Philology, Abikenova Gulnafis Tokenovna¹ – Candidate of Philology, Karipzhanova Gulnaz Tokenovna² - Candidate of Philology, Docent, Karipzhanova Ainur Oralovna² - Candidate of Philology, Kadirova Bakitzhan Massalimovna²  - Candidate of Philology, Docent, Zhumabekova Beibitnur Kaparovna² - Candidate of Philology, Uaikhanova Meruyert Assetovna² – Master of Philology

¹ Kazakh Innovative University of  Humanities and Law, 107 Abai Str., Semei town, 490050, Kazakhstan

² Pavlodar State University named after S.Toraigirov, 64 Lomov Str., Pavlodar town, 140008, Kazakhstan

beibitnur@mail.ru

Abstract. This paper describes the means, actualizing symbols in M. Shakhanov’s verbal and figurative system. Any system of symbols reflects the leading ways of perception of surrounding reality by the subject, of his picture of the world and reveals the writer’s individual style. The paper presents itself a study of M. Shakhanov’s individual style. Symbols reveal the diversity of the artistic text, provide an opportunity to reproduce the forethought idea secretly, hidden between the lines. The words-symbols used by the author contain in themselves the ideological content of the artistic text. Symbolic signs are one of the matters of the study of cognitive linguistics and linguistic and cultural studies. Symbols represent complete conceptions in linguistic personality, so they must be sought among the words meaning traditional national concepts. M. Shakhanov uses symbols in his works for the figurative representation of positive and negative concepts and views. Relevance of the paper is due to the growing interest in the specific of symbols representation in poetry, in the peculiarities of the reflection of the poet’s picture of the world in a language and the absence of researches on M. Shakhanov’s individual style in domestic linguistics. Matter of our research is symbols as an indicator of the national culture. Subject of this research is artistic word as the main linguistic unit of M.Shakhanov’s individual style.

[Abikenova G., Abikenova G., Karipzhanova G., Karipzhanova A., Kadirova B., Zhumabekova B., Uaikhanova M. Symbols in Poet Mukhtar Shakhanov’s Linguistic Personality. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):108-114]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.17

Keywords: Symbol; linguistic personality; text; linguistic view of the world; national identity.

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Between Meeting Individual’s Needs and the Entitlement to Universal Curriculum

Mohaned Abed

Program of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

mabed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Disabilities are not homogeneous categories, not in terms of causes or educational-psychological level or content. Therefore, to delve into the subject of ensuring access to the curriculum is a real challenge as there is not an appropriate or universally accepted approach for the different categories of SEN (Special Educational Needs)— or even to just one of them. However, the educational process will not be effective unless it is based on the appropriate model of the curriculum for individual needs. The lack of an appropriate curriculum, which is both suitable and adequate for children with SEN has been posed as the primary reasoning behind exclusion and, as such, this issue ultimately requires special attention as well as the issue of developing a balanced curriculum which caters to the needs of different learners.

[Abed M. Between Meeting Individual’s Needs and the Entitlement to Universal Curriculum. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):115-125]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.18

Keywords: Universal Curriculum; Personalised Learning; Teaching Approaches.

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Self-esteem: Enhancing Good Practices and Overcoming Barriers

Mohaned Abed

Program of Educational Graduate Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

mabed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: It is believed that several factors contribute to successful learning, and teaching is merely a part of the learning environment. A main restraint on motivation, and thus learning, is the child's level of self-esteem. The development of high self-esteem is significant in order for children to be happy and successful. As such, the term of 'self-esteem' has received a significant portion of attention in both the educational and social fields. This article is focused with discussing children's self-esteem, which is one of the many important issues regarding children. This paper will, firstly, present an understanding of the term ‘self-esteem’, the models to which it applies, and its measurement. Secondly, the paper also focuses on the development of self-esteem, the barriers regarding its development, and the importance of self-esteem with regards to its relationship to learning, behaviour and emotional difficulties, as well as a consideration to bullying and aggression. Thirdly, the role of schools in enhancing children's self-esteem will be discussed with reference to two perspectives: Self-esteem being built on an individual basis, which will be discussed briefly, and self-esteem on a class level, with particular attention to Circle Time.

[Abed M. Self-esteem: Enhancing Good Practices and Overcoming Barriers. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):126-136]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.19

Keywords: Self-esteem; Emotional Behavioural Difficulty; Circle Time; Bullying; Aggression.

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The Systematic Review on Sense of Security in Urban Neighborhoods

Hamed Najafpour*¹, Vahid Bigdeli Rad², Hasanuddin Bin Lamit³

Centre for Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), UTM

¹Najafpour.Hamed@gmail.com, ²Vahid.bigdeli@gmail.com, ³INADEAN@gmail.com

¹Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

²Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

³Head of Department of Landscape, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract: Sense of security has been highlighted as one of significant factor due improving the quality of life in urban neighborhoods in previous researches. This research’s aim is to provide a holistic overview on literatures addressing the significance of sense of security and factors influencing it. To do so, 46 research articles relating to sense of security in urban neighborhoods are considered and reviewed. The results revealed the significant factors affecting sense of security in urban neighborhoods by considering the existing inconsistencies of the results. The validity and reliability of the articles with the focus on statistical strategies are examined and the possible moderation of effects are surely investigated and warranted.

[Najafpour H, Bigdeli Rad V, Lamit H. The Systematic Review on Sense of Security in Urban Neighborhoods. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):137-145]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.20

Keywords: Sense of Security, Urban Neighborhoods.

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An Investigation to Reveal Why IT Projects Succeed or Fail in Saudi Arabia

Fahad Alfaadel¹, Mohammed Alawairdhi¹, and Mahran Al-zyoud¹, Muhammad Ramzan²

¹ College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia

²College of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: In order to identify the main reasons for the success and failure of IT projects in Saudi Arabia; we have analyzed the responses of three hundred and eight project managers to an online structured questionnaire. In addition to that, semi structured interviews were conducted with eight project managers. The nationalities of those project managers were various and they have worked either in public or private sectors in Saudi Arabia. This study has found common reasons for failure of IT projects in Saudi Arabia. Organizational culture, conflict of interest, and the instability and lack of clarity of the set of requirements were characterized as the most important causes for failure. Additionally, Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that should increase the project success were also enumerated based on the questionnaire responses and the interviews. Those included: clear statement of requirements, the project manager leadership, and soft skills.

[Fahad Alfaadel, Mohammed Alawairdhi, and Mahran Al-zyoud, Muhammad Ramzan. An Investigation to Reveal Why IT Projects Succeed or Fail in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):146-154]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.21

Keywords: IT Projects, CSF, Soft skills, Leadership, Saudi Arabia.

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Studying modulatory effects of Prostaglandin E2 on dendritic cells-induced apoptosis by breast cancer cells

^1,4Mohamed F. Elshal, ^2,3Alia M. Aldahlawi, ²Arwa A. Zehairy

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Immunology Unit. KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

² Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, ³Immunology Unit. KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

⁴ Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt.

Melshal2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that orchestrate the innate and adaptive immune response and play an important role in immune response against tumor cells. DCs were found dysfunctional and apoptotic in cancer microenvironment. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a bioactive lipid driven by cyclooxygenase (Cox) Cox-1 and Cox-2 that elicits a wide range of biological effects associated with inflammation and cancer. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of PGE2 and tumor soluble factors in controlling DCs phenotype expression, cytokine secretion and apoptosis. Monocytes-derived DCs were generated in vitro, then they were challenged with PGE2 and breast cancer supernatant (CSN) from MCF-7 cell line culture. DCs morphology was studied using bright field microscopy, phenotype characteristics and apoptosis using flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques were used to determine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin (IL-12p70) production. Results: CSN-treated DCs showed significantly low expression of maturation marker CD83, costimulation marker CD86 and high expression of CD80 in comparison to unstimulated DCs. By contrast, PGE2-stimulated DCs showed downregulation of CD80 and upregulation of CD86, whereas CD83 remained unchanged compared with unstimulated DCs. On the other hand, CSN-P (mixture of PGE2 and CSN) stimulated DCs showed significant expression of CD83, CD80 and CD86, however the expression of CD80 was decreased compared to that of CSN-stimulated DCs. Secretion of IL-10 was increased in response to CSN and CSN-P, whereas, IL-12 was only increased in DCs stimulated with CSN-P. The percentages of apoptosis was increased in CSN treated DCs; conversely, CSN-P treatment significantly reduced apoptosis of DCs. Our results suggest that PGE2 had antagonistic effects to that of CSN, which reversed DCs into more mature, immunogenic and more resistant to apoptosis. These data may indicate a role for PGE2 as an immunomodulatory compound in anticancer immunity.

[ Mohamed F. Elshal, Alia M. Aldahlawi, Arwa A. Zehairy. Studying modulatory effects of Prostaglandin E2 on dendritic cells-induced apoptosis by breast cancer cells. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):155-162]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.22

Keywords: Dendritic cells, apoptosis, cancer, prostaglandin, PGE2, IL-10, IL-12, maturation, costimulation, immune response, anticancer.

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Histopathological Study of Cesarean Section Niche in Symptomatic Patients

Refaat I. Alshiemy¹, Samia M. Eid¹, Amro A el Karef² and Ahmed M. Elshorbagy³

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Cairo, Egypt

³Resident in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt eidsamia@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Few histopathologic studies of lower uterine segment and Cesarean section scar have been published compared with that in other tissues. Our objective was to describe the incidence of various histopathological findings at the site of cesarean section scar defect (niche) and to determine its relation to gynecological symptoms in women with history of previous CS to acquire a better understanding of possible aberrations in uterine wound healing. Methods: The study included 44 non-pregnant women with abnormal gynecological symptoms, history of at least 1 cesarean delivery and their transvaginal ultrasound revealed a cesarean section scar defect (niche) at the uterus. Cases were divided into 2 groups, group A (24 cases) had no other associated pathology and group B (20 cases) with a cesarean section scar defect and associated pathology such as uterine fibroid considered as control group. The parity, number of previous cesarean deliveries, time elapsed between last cesarean delivery and first consultation, the width and depth of the defect and its shape and distance from the internal os by transvaginal ultrasound were recorded for each case, biopsy was taken from the defect after hysterectomy of all cases in group B and in 20 of cases in group A while the remaining 4 cases undergo only dilatation and curettage from the site of the defect. A histopathological study for all specimens was done. The pathological findings were correlated to the clinical and ultrasonographic findings in both groups. Results: Women with a previous CS could have a gynecological symptoms related to the CS scar defect as abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain and the most frequent clinical symptom related to the scar defect is postmenstrual spotting. Large defect size is a risk factor for more clinical symptoms especially postmenstrual bleeding. Also larger defects are associated with more histopathological changes such as congested endometrial fold, distortion of lower uterine segment and disorganized muscle fibers. High scars are associated with more clinical symptoms and histopathological changes. Multiple cesarean sections is a risk factor for larger cesarean scar defects, increased clinical symptoms and associated with increased histopathological changes at the defect site. Conclusion: The present study shed light on the role of histopathological study in detection of macroscopic and microscopic changes related to the cesarean scar defects and the possible relation between these changes and clinical presentations of those patients. Histopathological changes of such as congested endometrial fold, distortion of lower uterine segment and disorganized muscle fibers at the niche site are risk factors for abnormal gynecological symptoms. There is no doubt that further studies should be carried out in order to gain better understanding of the nature of niche and to have a better management of it.

[Refaat I. Alsheemy, Samia M. Eid, Amro A el Karef and Ahmed M. Elshorbagy. Histopathological Study of Cesarean Section Niche in Symptomatic Patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):163-171]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.23

Keywords: cesarean section scar, uterine scar defects, lower uterine segment, niche, abnormal gynecological symptoms, wound healing.

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The Influence of Mobile Application Quality and Attributes on the Continuance Intention of Mobile Shopping

Hani Al Dmour¹, Muhammad Alshurideh², Farah Shishan³

¹Marketing Department. Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan

²Head of Marketing Department. Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan

³Marketing Department. Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan

Email: m.alshurideh@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: The main objective of this study is the measurement of the influence of user-perceived mobile application quality, and mobiles attributes on the continuance intention of mobile shopping mediated by perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and trust. A quantitative data collection method is applied to collect the suitable data, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis (HMRA) is used to test both study hypothesis and model. Results have revealed that user-perceived mobile application quality indeed affects the continuance intention of mobile shopping mediated by perceived usefulness, and trust. On the other hand, mobile attributes in fact do influence online shopping through mobile devices, and that is due to perceived usefulness and enjoyment. The study structure, model and findings add more values to both mobile shopping and continuous intention literature.

[Hani Al Dmour, Muhammad Alshurideh, Farah Shishan. The Influence of Mobile Application Quality and Attributes on the Continuance Intention of Mobile Shopping. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):172-181]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.24

Keywords: continuance Intention; mobile shopping; mobile attributes; perceived mobile application quality; perceived usefulness; perceived enjoyment, trust.

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Synthesis of the newly developed Core-Shell Au/Fe3O4 Magnato-plasmonic nanocomposite in Cancer Cells

Ola S.Ahmed¹, Mona B. Mohamed², Abdel-Rahman N Zekri³, Hisham Imam⁴, Hussein M Khaled⁵ Mahmoud H Abdel-kader⁶

^1,3,5 National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

^2,4,6 National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science ( NILES), Cairo University, Egypt

⁶ German University in Cairo, Egypt

Ola_sayed@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Fe3O4-gold-Polyethyleneimine core-shell nanostructure can be used in biotechnological and biomedical applications.This research was conducted to assess the biocompatibility of the core–shell Fe3O4@ Au nanocomposite, which have potential application in biomedical imaging. Results: Magnetite nanoparticles with an average size of 14 nm in diameter were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method. A gold-coated Fe3O4 monotonous core-shell nanostructure was produced with an average size of 21 nm in diameter by PEI reduction of Au3+. The results of analyses with electron diffraction, particle size, zeta potential,Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated that the nanoparticles were regularly shaped, and agglomerate-free, with a narrow size distribution. We use the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a promising non-destructive technique for the spectral analysis of Gold – coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The biocompatibility of the obtained NPs, at concentration, was evaluated via MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay and the results showed that the NPs were non-toxic at concentrations 50µg /mL. Conclusions: A rapid, mild method for synthesizing Fe3O4-gold nanoparticles using Polyethyleneimine was investigated. A magnetic gold core-shell- Polyethyleneimine nanocomposite, including both the supermagnetic properties of iron oxide and the optical characteristics of colloidal gold nanoparticles, was synthesized.

[Ola S.Ahmed, Mona B. Mohamed, Abdel-Rahman N Zekri, Hisham Imam, Hussein M Khaled^; Mahmoud H Abdel-kader. Synthesis of the newly developed Core-Shell Au/Fe3O4 Magnato-plasmonic nanocomposite in Cancer Cells. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):182-187]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.25

Keywords:, core-shell Fe3O4-gold- Polyethyleneimine, nanocomposite, nanoparticle, TEM, VSM.

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Impact of the household solid waste discharge and the sewage waste water plant of the city of Khouribga (MOROCOO) on the physico-chemical properties of water in nearby wells.

Najih Amina¹, Habarri Khalid ¹, Amir Soumia ²

^1. Faculty Science and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco

^2. Polydisplinary faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco

najih44@yahoo.fr

Abstract: Our study focuses on monitoring the spatial evolution of a number of physico-chemical parameters of wells waters located at different distances from the discharge of the city of Khouribga (S0 upstream station, S1, S2 et S3 are respectively located at 5.5, 7.5, 11 Km away from solid waste discharge of the city). The absence of a source of drinking water in this region involves the population to feeding on its groundwater wells. Through the results, we note that most of the analyzed parameters exceed the potable water standards from S1. At this source of water, we find that the conductivity (1290 μmScm^-1; Standard 1000 μmScm^-1), Total Hardness TH (67.2°F/ Standard 50° F), Ca^{2 +} (146 mg l^-1 standard 60 mg l^-1), Cl^- (369 mg l^-1 standard 150 mg l^-1), NaCl (609 mgl^-1), Methyl orange alakanity “M. alk” (280 mg l^-1) greatly exceed the drinking water standards. By following these parameters, it is obvious that some values ​​have decreased in the downstream stations, while others become important. We find that the conductivity is always higher than 950 μmScm^-1; the TH registers 72°F in S3; Ca ²⁺ is in the range of 153 mg l^-1 in S3, Cl^- and NaCl^- reached 426 mg l^-1 and 702 mg l^-1 respectively in S2, M alk becomes higher and reaches 430 to 350 in S3. At the wells S2, we found that the nitrites are well beyond the standard 1.05 mg l^-1. Whereas, at the control station S0, the values ​​are lower or at the limit of drinking water standards: conductivity (452 μmScm^-1), TH (34 F°), Ca²⁺ (68 mg l^-1), Cl^- (157 mg l^-1), NaCl^- (258 mg l^-1), M alk (220 mg l^-1). Thus, the diagnosis reveals the presence of a high pollution caused by the leachates of the household waste discharge and by the effluents of the sewage waste water plant (SWWP). The phenomenon of the water hardness could, also, be generated by the processes of erosion, leaching and soil infiltration in the region (phosphate layers, intercalated layers of marl and limestone), phenomenons also caused by the acidity due to this surrounding pollution. The source S1 is the nearest surrounding site of the discharge and the most affected by the phenomenon of pollution, especially, it is near to a superficial water source S’1 polluted by the effluents coming from the sewage waste water plant of the city. In the light of these data, we can deduce that the consumption of this water from S1 does not conform the standards of drinking waters, and could affect the human health.

[Najih Amina, Habarri Khalid, Amir Soumia. Impact of the household solid waste discharge and the sewage waste water plant of the city of Khouribga (MOROCOO) on the physico-chemical properties of water in nearby wells. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):188-198]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.26

Keywords: physico-chemical parameters, ground water wells, infiltration, leaching, pollution, leachate discharge effluent SWWP, human health.

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Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis of the Camelpox Virus Isolated in the Mangistau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Yerbol Bulatov, Vitaly Strochkov, Yevgeniy Zhilin, Kainar Barakbayev, Abylay Sansyzbay

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan

erbol_km@mail.ru

Abstract: The article presents the results of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of Camelpox virus strain M-96 isolated in the Mangistau region, Republic of Kazakhstan. The nucleotide sequences of 7 genes of twenty-six CPV strains / isolates were selected from the international GenBank database to determine the degree of M-96 strain nucleotide sequences homology with the other CMLV strains using phylogenetic analysis. As a result of the conducted comparative phylogenetic analysis we determined genetic differences and the degree of Kazakhstan strain homology with other CMLV strains, isolated at different times and in different geographical regions and the ways of possible CMLV introduction on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan strain M-96 of Camelpox virus showed 100% homology with five genes of CMS strain (Iran, 1970), two genes of SP-1_Iran strain and one gene of Bikaner strain, isolated in 2008 in India. The obtained data analysis suggests that Camelpox virus can be transmitted to the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan from Iran via Turkmenistan.

[Bulatov Ye, Strochkov V, Zhilin Ye, Barakbayev K, Sansyzbai A. A Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis of the Camelpox Virus Strain "M-96" Isolated in the Mangistau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):199-204]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.27

Keywords: Virus, Camelpox, Genome, Nucleotide sequence, Phylogenetic analysis.

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Common polymorphisms in the visfatin gene (NAMPT/PBEF1) influence visfatin-circulating levels in a Saudi population

Rowyda Nawwaf Al-Harithy (PhD)

Department of Biochemistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

dr.alharithy@gmail.com

Abstract: The human visfatin (NAMPT/PBEF) gene is located on the long arm of chromosome seven encoding a polypeptide of 491 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52kDa. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the visfatin gene on the visfatin-circulating levels in 150 non-obese Saudi subjects. Visfatin levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genotyping of the promoter variant rs9770242 (T-1001G) and the intron six variant rs4730153 (T+21179C) SNP were performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The two SNPs (rs9770242 and rs4730153) showed significant correlation with visfatin serum level in the entire study cohort (P=0.002, P=0.0001; respectively). There was a significant tendency toward higher visfatin levels in G-allele carriers of rs9770242 SNP (4.05±2.64ng/ml) compared to the TT genotype carriers (2.36±1.98ng/ml). The C-allele of rs4730153 SNP was found to be associated with increase visfatin serum level (4.15±2.52ng/ml) compared to the TT genotype carriers (1.90 ±1.57ng/ml). The data suggest that the rs9770242 and the rs4730153 SNPs of the visfatin gene have an effect on visfatin circulating levels. This is the first study to demonstrate that visfatin SNPs at rs9770242 and rs4730153 loci exist in the Saudi population.

[Rowyda Nawwaf Al-Harithy. Common polymorphisms in the visfatin gene (NAMPT/PBEF1) influence visfatin-circulating levels in a Saudi population. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):205-210]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.28

Keywords: Visfatin; SNPs; rs9770242; rs4730153; healthy non-obese adult Saudi.

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Maternal Dental Health and Low Birth Weight among Term Deliveries

Safiah Ali Abdualah AlAttas

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

salattass@kau.edu.sa

Abstracts: Background: Giving birth to infants of low birth weight (LBW) (less than 2,500 grams) is a major public health problem worldwide. In an attempt to identify modifiable risk factors for LBW in Saudi Arabia, the present research was undertaken to investigate a potential association between maternal dental health and dental care during pregnancy with LBW due to fetal growth retardation. Material & Methods: A case-control study was conducted on a group of post partum mothers, at two major hospitals, in Jeddah city. The case group (47 women) is defined as those mothers who delivered an infant weighing <2500g and born at term (i.e. > 37 weeks of gestation), while the control group (58 mothers) were defined as women who delivered at term infants weighing ≥2500g.  Data on previous and current known risk factors and dental care services were obtained from the patients’ medical records and interviews. Maternal anthropometric data and DMFT scores were taken. Results: The selected case and control groups were relatively homogenous, based on their demographic, social and anthropometric data. However, there were significant differences between the groups in the distribution of some variables which could be associated with LBW in the study population. These include decrease in the gestational age; parity; previous delivery of LBW as well as maternal hypertension and anemia. Although the mothers in both groups had high unmet dental care needs, neither the DMFT scores nor the utilization of different dental treatments and radiographs were found to have a possible role in LBW; (P-value >0.05).  Conclusion: The data of the present study showed no association between maternal dental health or dental care with LBW due to intrauterine growth retardation.

[Safia Ali Al-Attas Maternal Dental Health and Low Birth Weight among Term Deliveries. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):211-219]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.29

 Keywords: Dental health, Dental caries, Dental care, Intrauterine growth retardation, Low birth weight.

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Densitometric and Clinical Evaluation of Immediate Versus Delayed Implants

Ahmed W. Abou-Zeid¹, Khaled Hassan² and Mohamed Zayed³

¹Dept. of Basic Dental Sciences, National Research Centre

²Dept. of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, Misr International University

³Dept. of Oral Histopathology, Misr International University

wemisr@hotmail.com

Abstract: A total of 40 Frialit-2 step screw implants were installed to replace lost single mandibular teeth. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of implant installation; an immediate and a delayed group. Patients were followed up radiographically and clinically for one year after prosthetic connection. The study parameters included bone density, mobility, gingival index, Probing depth and gingival crevicular fluid. No mobility was detected in either group. It was found that the alveolar bone density in the implant interface increased in both immediate and delayed groups, which reflects a positive clinical finding. The other clinical parameters are reported in detail. At the end of the study period no significant differences were found between the study parameters in the two techniques, which leaves the merits of immediate technique as it rehabilitates function and esthetics quickly and that satisfies the patient after the loss of a tooth.

[Ahmed W. Abou-Zeid, Khaled Hassan and Mohamed Zayed. Densitometric and Clinical Evaluation of Immediate Versus Delayed Implants. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):220-227]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.30

Keywords: Dental Implants, Bone Density, Clinical Evaluation.

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Determining the sport level of the players in ice hockey using multivariate analysis

Robert Roczniok ¹, Miłosz Czuba ³,Adam Maszczyk ¹, Przemysław Pietraszewski ¹, Artur Gołaś², Robert Wilk³, Paweł Grycman³

^1. Department of Statistics and Methodology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice,

Poland

^2. Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland

^3. Department of Water Sports, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland

^4. Department of Team Games, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland

r.roczniok.awf@gmail.com

Abstract: Ice hockey is a physically demanding contact sport involving repeated bouts of high energy output. Success at the elite level requires players to develop fitness including anaerobic sprint ability, strength, power and endurance. The ability to successfully identify elite versus non elite players could influence a team’s success. Therefore, effective classification of players based on physical characteristics and performance parameters requires a critical analysis of the qualities deemed important for a particular sport. The surrounding reality is by nature complex and multidimensional and situations where one variable explains a given phenomenon is rather rare. The main research problem of this study was to present a mathematical model describing best players represented by the Players Development Index. Studies were carried out on a group of 25 Polish top level ice hockey players. Data collection was conducted in December 2013 and included two days of testing for each athlete. Independent variables related to physiological and physical profiles and on-ice performance. During the study the structure of the Players Development Index was analyzed, also through discriminate analysis and 3 classification functions calculated with its help. Their role consisted in the detailed selection of players for groups of a different level of development.

[Roczniok R, Czuba M, Maszczyk A, Pietraszewski P, Gołaś A, Wilk R, Grycman P. Determining the sport level of the players in ice hockey using multivariate analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):228-231]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.31

Keywords: players development index; sports selection; prediction of sports results.

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Genetic Polymorphism in β-lactoglobulin Gene of Some Goat Breeds in Egypt and its Influence on Milk Yield

Kh. Kahilo¹, S. EL-Shazly^{1, 2}, A. El-Khadrawy³ and I. Fattouh¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

²Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, AL-Hawiah, Taif, KSA

³ Animal Health Research Institute. Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

Email: Kahilo2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is one of the most important proteins in mammals’ milk. It plays a crucial role in the milk quality. The polymorphism of β-LG gene can be used as a marker system. To determine the genotypes of β-LG gene and its influence on milk yield in some goat breeds reared at Sakha farm, Kafrelsheikh province, Egypt,  20 female goats representing four different breeds including; Egyptian Nubian (Zarayby), Damascus, Alpine and Balady Hybrid were used in this study. The obtained results showed that in Balady Hybrid and Zarayby breeds AB genotype were significantly (p<0.05) higher in milk production where in Damascus and Alpine AA genotype were significantly (p<0.05) higher in milk production.  The sequence results revealed a substitution of G with A at nucleotide no. 6705 in both Balady Hybrid and Damascus breeds. Another substitution of G with A was recorded at nucleotide no. 6751 in the same breeds. Meanwhile, the sequence analysis of promoter region did not show any nucleotide differences among different breeds. Our results revealed that, the milk production may vary between different genotypes according to the breed.

[Kh. Kahilo, S. EL-Shazly, A. El-Khadrawy and I. Fattouh. Genetic Polymorphism in β-lactoglobulin Gene of Some Goat Breeds in Egypt and its Influence on Milk Yield. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):232-238]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.32

Key Words: Polymorphism, β-lactoglobulin, Goat, Milk Yield, Egypt.

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Effectiveness of two chitin synthesis inhibitors; Flufenoxuron and Lufenuron on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and side effects of sublethal concentrations of them on two hymenopteran parasitoids.

Essam. K. Tabozada¹, S. A. El-Arnaouty², Samy M. Sayed^2,3

¹Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12619. Egypt.

²Department of Economic Entomology and pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613. Egypt.

³ Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, 21974, KSA.

samy_mahmoud@hotmail.com

Abstract: Laboratory bioassays were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of two Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs); Flufenoxuron (Cascade 10%) and Lufenuron (Match 5%) on Spodoptera littoralis and their safety on natural enemies through studying the direct and indirect toxicity on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens and the larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis. The results indicated a high toxic effect on the treated 2^nd larval instars of S. littoralis with Flufenoxuron that was observed by using contact method rather than dipping method. LC₅₀ values indicated that Flufenoxuron was more toxic than Lufenuron after treated the 2^nd larval instars of S. littoralis whereas the mortality percentages when calculated with probit paper indicated that LC₅₀ were 0.151 and 0.647 ppm for Flufenoxuron while they were 1.121 and 1.512 ppm for Lufenuron with dipping and contact methods, respectively. No effects for the two tested IGRs were observed on the adults of the two tested parasitoids while Flufenoxuron has more indirect toxicity than Lufenuron. Parasitism rate, adult emergence and adult longevity of T. evanescens and B. brevicornis were decreased with Flufenoxuron than treated by Lufenuron. The results suggest that Lufenuron is a potentially compound for controlling S. littoralis and share programs of integrated pest management (IPM) because it is safer for parasitoids under investigation.

[Essam. K. Tabozada, S. A. El-Arnaouty, Samy M. Sayed. Effectiveness of two chitin synthesis inhibitors; Flufenoxuron and Lufenuron on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and side effects of sublethal concentrations of them on two hymenopteran parasitoids. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):239-245]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.33

Key Words: Trichogramma evanescens, Bracon brevicornis, Spodoptera littoralis, Insect Growth Regulators, Flufenoxuron, Lufenuron.

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Specific Character Of Organization Integration Communications Of The Eurasian Community In The Customs Union

Tuleshova Gulnara¹, Assanova Zhuldyz¹, Musina Togzhan¹, Korabayeva Nazgul¹, Shalashova Rasima¹, Myrzabaiuly Yernar²

¹Zhetysu State University named after I. Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, 040010, Microrayon 4, house 68, apartment 31, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: make_d_61@mail.ru

² Kazakh engineering Academy, Astana

Abstract: The efficiency of the development of the specification of Customs Union organization in the system of Eurasian integration is disclosed with substantiation of its strategic effect on basic components such as institutional basis with its special significance for integration policy successful implementation. For many relatively young independent states, which also concern former Soviet republics, integration in the world system of management required to carry out radical changes in its institutional basis, motivational and adaptive mechanisms in various spheres of social and economic life. In this case, the specificity of integration relations organization in Eurasian community is thought to play a significant part, and first of all, in the format of Customs Union with its strategic effect substantiation which is formed by new institutional basis of integration, expansion of the competitive environment as well as goods turnover, and also resource potential, including the field of general labour- market development.

[Tuleshova G., Assanova Zh., Musina T/, Korabayeva N., Shalashova R., Myrzabaiuly Ye. Specific character of the organization integration communications of the Eurasian Community in the Customs Union. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):246-249]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.34

Keywords: geo-communication, integration, unification, Kazakhstan, customs duty, subsidizing.

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Quantification of circulating endothelial and progenitor cells as biomarkers for dengue virus infection

^1,4Mohamed F. Elshal, ¹Taha A. Kumosani, ²Essam I. Azhar, ³Alia M. Aldahlawi

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Immunology Unit. KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Special Infectious Agent Unit (Biosafety Level 3) – King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

⁴ Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt.

Melshal2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Dengue fever (DF) has emerged as a global health problem which is characterized by abrupt onset of plasma leakage. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with vascular permeability leading to plasma leakage. The presence of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) has recently been recognized as a useful marker of endothelial dysfunction, whereas endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were found to be implicate in endothelial repair. The aim of this study is to assess the use of CECs and EPCs as biomarkers for vascular damage in patients infected with dengue virus confirmed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), IgM or IgG anti-dengue antibodies. Forty two blood samples were collected from patients with suspected dengue virus infection. Viral RNA was extracted from each serum sample then it was subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect dengue virus (DV). Anti-dengue immunoglobulin-M (IgM) and IgG antibodies was determined using capture ELISA Kits. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with anti-human CD45, CD34, KDR (VEGFR-2) and CD146 antibodies to identify CEC by the phenotype CD45^-CD146⁺, and EPCs as CD45⁻CD34⁺VEGF-2⁺ cells. Mean CECs numbers was significantly higher in DV positive patients than healthy controls (ANOVA, P<0.0001). DV PCR-positive patients showed increased numbers of CECs compared to IgM and/or IgG positive cases and healthy subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.0001, respectively). Additionally, mean EPCs numbers was significantly higher in patients positive for DV by PCR than healthy controls and IgM and/or IgG positive cases and healthy subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). EPCs in IgM/IgG positive patients were significantly lower than that of Health Controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the significant increases in both CECs and EPCs numbers in DV PCR-positive than DV IgM or IgG positive cases and healthy controls suggest that they might provide early, noninvasive methods to improve current diagnostic strategies of DV infection.

[Mohamed F. Elshal,  Taha A. Kumosani,  Essam I. Azhar,  Alia M. Aldahlawi. Quantification of circulating endothelial and progenitor cells as biomarkers for dengue virus infection. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):250-256]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.35

Keywords: Dengue fever, plasma leakage, endothelial damage, PCR, IgM, IgG, biomarker, flow cytometry, ELISA.

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Ultra structure alteration of sublethal concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticals on Nil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effects of vitamins C and E

Ali Alkaladi¹, Mohamed Afifi^1,3, Yahia Youssef Mosleh^1,4 and Osama Abu-Zinada²

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, North Campus, PO Box 11508, Jeddah, 21463, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

⁴Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Egypt

mafifi@kau.edu.sa,  alkaladi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: In the present study, the ultra structure toxic effects of ZONPs on Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and the protective role of vitamin C and E were evaluated. Two hundred male O. niloticus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (1 and 2 mgL^-1) of characterized ZONPs nanoparticles either with or without vitamin C and E mixture for a period of 15 days. Livers and gills ultra-structure were investigated using transmition electron microscope. ZONPs leads to a severe vacuolation of gill cells and necrosis of pavement and epithelial cells with dilated mucous cells. These cells were separated from secondary lamella by edema containing fibrin and inflammatory cells. While the hepatocyte subcellular had a sever alteration manifested by rarefaction, complete disappearance of mitochondria, aggregation of rough endoplasmic reticulums, indentation of nucleus, Partial lysis of the outer and intactness of the inner nuclear membrane, appearance of irregular shaped nucleus (polypoid) and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin. Vitamin E and C combination some what modified and overcume the gills and hepatocytes suborganills deformity that induced by ZONPs. In conclusion, ZONPs are toxic in a concentration of 1 and 2 mgL^-1 for Nil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), that manifested by ultra-structure alteration in gills and liver sub cellular organilles as nucleus, golgy apparatus, endoplasmic reteculam and cell membrans. The addition of vitamin E combination with vitamin C in the diet appeared to modulate the ultra-structure alteration induced with ZONPS with the time.

[Ali Alkaladi, Mohamed Afifi, Yahia Youssef Moslehand Osama Abu-Zinada. Ultra structure alteration of sublethal concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticals on Nil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effects of vitamins C and E. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):257-262]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.36

Keywords: ZONPs, Oreochromis niloticus, gills, liver, electron microscopic alterations.

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On the Analysis of the Treatment Model for Onchocerciasis infected Host in Tropical Countries

Oguoma Ikekuckwu Chiwueze and Acho Thomas Mbah

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,

Email: ikeoguoma@yahoo.com, Email:  AchoTM@ufs.ac.za

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mathematical model of Onchocerciasis treatment for stability with respect to the basic reproduction number  with control measures in place. The basic reproduction number with control measures  is obtained to be stable at the disease free equilibrium (DFE) on one hand. On the other hand, we make use of the homotopy decomposition methods to derive the effect of treatment with Ivermectin/Mectizan drugs in the given population infected with Onchocerciasis. The numerical results are presented to test the efficiency and the accuracy of the treatment with Ivermectin/Mectizan drugs. The numerical solutions in both cases display the biological behavior of the real life situation.

[Oguoma IC. and Acho TM. On the Analysis of the Treatment Model for Onchocerciasis infected Host in Tropical Countries. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):263-268]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.37

Keywords:  Mathematical model; Onchocerciasis in Tropical Countries; Treatment; Basic reproduction number; stability; Numerical simulations.

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Improvement of a Weak RFID Authentication Protocol Making Drug Administration Insecure

Mehmet Hilal Özcanhan

Department of Computer Engineering, Tinaztepe Campus, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-Kaynaklar, Izmir 35160, Turkey

hozcanhan@cs.deu.edu.tr

Abstract: Many RFID authentication protocols have been proposed for safe drug administration. Unfortunately, many of the proposed protocols have security weaknesses that put the safety and/or privacy of inpatients into danger. A recent protocol is analyzed in this work, which proves to be another such example. The secrets of the inpatient tag are exposed by software and a table created by the present author. The protocol is security upgraded to meet the patient safety expectations, by using lightweight cryptography instead of the hash function of the analyzed protocol. The proposed protocol is complemented by server control mechanisms. Performance and security comparisons show that the present proposal truly guarantees patient safety and has better performance results than its predecessor.

[Mehmet Hilal Özcanhan. Improvement of a Weak RFID Authentication Protocol Making Drug Administration Insecure. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):269-276]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.38

Keywords: RFID; authentication; security; cryptographic protocols; medical applications; healthcare services.

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Evaluation of growth and yield potentialities of local boro rice varieties in south-west region of Bangladesh

 S. K. Roy¹, M. Y. Ali²,   M. A. Hakim^3,4* , M. M. Hanafi³, Abdul Shukor Juraimi⁵, M. S. Jahan², U. K. Saha², Md. Amirul Alam⁵ and M. A. Kashem<sup>6

 1</sup>Assistant Professor in Agriculture, North Khulna Degree College, Khulna, Bangladesh
²Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
³Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, DE 43400, Malaysia
⁴Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
⁵Department of Crop Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE 43400, Malaysia
⁶Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh
*Corresponding authors email: ahakimupm@gmail.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of local boro rice varieties. Twelve local boro rice varieties were included in this study namely Nayon moni, Tere bale, Bere ratna, Ashan boro, Kajol lata, Koijore, Kali boro, Bapoy, Latai balam, Choite boro, GS one and Sylhety boro. Growth parameters viz. plant height and number of tillers hill^-1(at different days after transplanting); yield contributing characters such as effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle^-1, filled grains panicle^-1, thousand grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded. The result revealed that the plant height and number of tillers hill^-1 at different days after transplanting varied significantly among the varieties. The plant height for all the varieties and number of tillers hill^-1 for most of the varieties increased up to harvest. At harvest, the tallest plant (123.80 cm) was recorded in Bapoy and the shortest (81.13 cm) was found in GS one. The maximum number of tillers hill^-1 (46.00) was observed in Sylhety boro and the minimum (19.80) in Bere ratna. All of the parameters of yield and yield contributing characters differed significantly at 1% level except grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The maximum number of effective tillers hill^-1 (43.87) was recorded in the variety Sylhety boro and the minimum (17.73) was found in Bere ratna. The highest (110.57) and the lowest (42.13) number of filled grains panicle^-1 was observed in the variety Koijore and Sylhety boro, respectively. Thousand grain weight was the highest (26.35g) in Kali boro and the lowest (17.83g) in GS one. Grain yield was not differed significantly among the varieties but numerically the highest grain yield (5.01 t ha^-1) was found in the variety Koijore and the lowest in GS one(3.17 t ha^-1). Considering all parameters the varieties Koijore (5.01tha^-1), Choite boro, Sylhety boro, Ashan boro, Bere ratna performed better for the southwest region of Bangladesh.
[S. K. Roy, M. Y. Ali,   M. A. Hakim, M. M. Hanafi, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, M. S. Jahan, U. K. Saha, Md. Amirul Alam and M. A. Kashem. Evaluation of growth and yield potentialities of local boro rice varieties in south-west region of Bangladesh. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):277-281] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.39

Key words: Boro rice, growth parameters, yields.

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Association of GNB3 C825T polymorphism with obesity in Saudi population

Taha Kumosani^1,2, Archana Iyer ^1,2, Soonham Yaghmoor ², Magda Hagras ^3,4, Yasmeen Hettari¹

^1. Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

^2. Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

^3.Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

^4. Clinical Trial Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

arch729@gmail.com

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Saudi Arabia. The search for genes that increase the susceptibility to develop obesity has become important. One set of candidate genes for obesity is the heterotrimeric G proteins, which are key components of intracellular signal transduction and play a focal role in adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to study the association between the C825T (C-to-T substitution at nucleotide 825 in exon 10) (rs5443) polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and obesity in a sample Saudi population. Blood samples from 116 healthy volunteers in age group 18-60 years were taken and obesity status was determined by the Body Mass Index(BMI). DNA was extracted from whole blood and PCR for the GNB gene was done. The PCR product thus obtained was subjected to restriction analysis using the enzyme BsaJ1 to determine the presence or absence of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Alleles T represent the absence of restriction site while alleles C indicate the presence of restriction site. Association between the genotypes and obesity was determined. We found that the presence of the T allele was a major contributing factor to obesity because from our study group we observed a higher occurrence of TT genotype in obese and overobese people while the normal people had a high occurrence of CT genotype and the underweight people had a high occurrence of CC genotype. Genotyping studies clearly showed that the T allele was a major contributing factor towards obesity. Higher T allele frequency was associated with obesity as compared with normal individuals.
[Taha Kumosani, Archana Iyer, Soonham Yaghmoor, Magda Hagras, Yasmeen Hettari. Association of GNB3 C825T polymorphism with obesity in Saudi population. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):282-285] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.40
 

Keywords: Obesity; GNB gene; C825T polymorphism; RFLP

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The Use of Iodized Salt and Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): The Saudi Arabian Experience

Ibrahim A Bani ¹

^1. Department Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan,

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ibrahimbani1984@gmail.com

Abstract: Salt iodization is the universal strategy for elimination of IDD, the quality of iodization program is crucial for achieving this goal. Iodine deficiency (ID) is the world’s leading cause of intellectual deficits and associated with increased prevalence of goiter. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) there is an acute scarcity in IDD data across the country. In this concern, the influence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) was comprehensively investigated. The study targeted school children aged between 6 to 12 years to establish baseline information for salt iodization and iodine deficiency disorders in the area. Iodine nutritional status of the targeted population was assessed by measuring of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) which was used also to define, indicate, survey and monitor ID. The results reveal that almost 100% of the households in Jazan area use iodized salt, however only 46.9% use it adequately. Therefore, overall median for the measured UIC is very high (420 µg/l), which in turn indicates an occurrence of excessive iodine intake by the targeted population. This situation might lead to adverse health consequences including iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune disease if the relatively high national standard for salt iodization of 70 – 100 ppm remains unrevised.

[Bani I. The Use of Iodized Salt and Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): The Saudi Arabian Experience. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):286-291] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.41

Keywords: Iodized Salt, Iodine deficiency; Environmental Epidemiology; Thyroid diseases.

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Laplace Mutated Particle Swarm Optimization (LMPSO)

 Muhammad Imran¹, Rathiah Hashim¹ and Noor Eliza Abd Khalid<sup>2

 1</sup>University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia
²Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malysia
¹malikimran110@gmail.com, ¹radhiah@uthm.edu.my,  ²

Abstract: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has shown good performance in many optimization problems. However, it can be stuck into local minima. To prevent the problem of early convergence into a local minimum, various researchers have proposed some variants of PSO.  In this research different variants of PSO are reviewed that have been proposed by different researchers for function optimization problem and one new variant of PSO is proposed using Laplace distribution named as LMPSO. The performance of LMPSO is compared with existing variants of PSO proposed for function optimization. The analysis in this research shows the effect of different mutation operator on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).  To validate the LMPSO, experiments are performed on 22 benchmark functions.  The result shows that the LMPSO achieved better performance as compared to previous PSO varients.
[Imran M, Hashim R, Khalid NEA. Laplace Mutated Particle Swarm Optimization (LMPSO). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):292-299] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.42

 Keywords:  PSO, Mutation, Laplace, function optimization, PSO variants

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Zamzam water against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and molecular Evidences.

Ashraf Saif ¹, Osama M.Sarhan^{2, 4}, Mohamed Elmogy^{3, 4}, Hamed Mutwally ⁴

¹Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.

³ Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Biotechnology program, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

⁴ Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

aaa_saif@hotmail.com

Abstract: Alkaline water have been claimed to boost heptaorotective effect. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if Zamazam water (ZW) that is similarly alkaline, can promote hepatoprotective effect. Hepatoprotective properties of ZW were investigated in a rat model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). ZW is alkaline natural water which makes it potentially capable of enhancing antioxidant power. In this study we investigated the efficacy of the hepatoprotective activity of ZW against carbon tetrachloride induced liver intoxication in Wister albino rats. Carbon tetrachloride was used as a hepatotoxic agent while, ZW were used as a probable hepatoprotective agent. 24 rats were divided into four main groups. Group I, served as normal control, Group II served as liver injured group treated only with CCl4, Group III served as ZW control, and Group IV served as liver overcome group, treated with CCl₄ and drinking ZW. Various biochemical parameters supported by histopathology of liver sections were studied to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ZW. The study was also supported for the first time in case of ZW evaluation effects by using of DNA extraction of the rats’ livers to investigate the genomic DNA integrity. Results revealed that the serum biomarkers in carbon tetrachloride treated rats recorded elevated concentration indicating severe hepatic damage by carbon tetrachloride. The results of the serum biomarkers of ZW treated rats showed significant reduction indicating the effect of ZW in restoring the normal structural and functional ability of the hepatocytes. Both the molecular and histopathological result showed protective effect in the experimental model of hepatic alterations of rats, and suggests the use of ZW as a hepatoprotector agent in the diet of patients with hepatopathies.

[Saif A, Sarhan O, Elmogy M, Mutwally H. Hepatoprotective Effects of Zamzam water against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and molecular Evidences.

Life Sci J 2014; 11(10):300-308] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.43

Keywords: Zamzam water; alkaline water; Hepatoprotective activity; CCl₄-induced cirrhosis; genomic DNA integrity.

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Sentiment Classification through Semantic Orientation Using SentiWordNet

Aurangzeb khan ¹,  Muhammad Zubair Asghar², Shakeel Ahmad², Fazal Masud Kundi², Maria Qasim², Furqan Khan²

^1. Institute of Engineering and Computing Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu Pakistan.

^2.Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan.

zubair@gu.edu.pk

Abstract: Sentiment analysis is the procedure by which information is extracted from the opinions, appraisals and emotions of people in regards to entities, events and their attributes. In decision making, the opinions of others have a significant effect on customers ease in making choices regards to online shopping, choosing events, products, entities. In this paper, a rule based domain independent sentiment analysis method is proposed. The proposed method classifies subjective and objective sentences from reviews and blog comments. The semantic score of subjective sentences is extracted from SentiWordNet to calculate their polarity as positive, negative or neutral based on the contextual sentence structure. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and it outperforms the machine learning methods. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 87% at the feedback level and 83% at the sentence level for comments.

[Aurangzeb khan, Muhammad Zubair Asghar, Shakeel Ahmad, Fazal Masud Kundi, Maria Qasim, Furqan. Sentiment Classification through Semantic Orientation Using SentiWordNet. Life Sci J 2014; 11(10):309-315] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.44

Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, Opinion Mining, Classification. Blog Mining.

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Recurrence Formula to Determine the Number of New Elements for

 Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping

Mohamed Sayed^1,2 and Tahir Ahmad^1,3

¹Department of Mathematical Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

²Department of Mathematical Science, International University of Africa, Sudan

³Ibnusina Institute, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

mohamedelsafi@yahoo.com and tahir@ibnusina.utm.my

Abstract: Fuzzy Topographic topological Mapping (FTTM) is a mathematical model for solving neuromagnetic inverse problem.  FTTM consists of four topological spaces which are connected by three different algorithms. In 2006,  Yun  showed that FTTM version 1 and FTTM version 2 are homeomorphic, and this homeomorphism generated 14 new elements of FTTM. This paper  presents a recurrence formula to determine the number of the new elements from a combination of k versions  of FTTM with respect to n components.

[Sayed  M, Ahmad T. Recurrence Formula to Determine the Number of New Elements for  Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):316-319] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.45

Keywords: FTTM; Sequence of FTTM; Number of the new elements; Element of order k.

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Visualization of Biological Processes Described by Models of Apoptosis
 

 Ravil I. Muhamedyev ¹, Alma T. Mansharipova ² , Elena L. Muhamedyeva <sup>3

1.</sup> International IT University, CSSE&T Department, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
^2. Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
^3. Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
ravil.muhamedyev@gmail.com

Abstract: Visualization of biochemical processes is important for understanding various phenomena in living organisms. One of the famous biological processes is apoptosis. Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays an important role in many physiological states and diseases. Detection of apoptotic cells, tracing the development of apoptosis, drug development and regulation of apoptosis are an important parts of basic research in medicine. A large number of models have been developed that are based on differential equations of chemical kinetics, and can be expressed in a uniform notation using some XML-based languages. Here we briefly discuss the simulation and visual presentation models of apoptosis. We review modelling languages, such as SBML, FieldML and CellML and briefly describe the simulation environments and software libraries for these languages (SBMLeditor, libSBML, SBMLToolbox, MGSmodeller, OpenCell). These tools can display models schematically and output results is in the form of graphs showing time dependencies of component concentrations. However, at the present time we have not software that could represent the result of modelling in a form animation especially in the form of three dimensional models. We discuss approaches to visualization of biological processes described by apoptosis models by using descriptive as well as quantitative models. The quantitative method was implemented by using a three-dimensional visualization of molecular biology processes modelled by chemical kinetic equations. The quantitative parameters in our visualization scheme are determined based on kinetic equations governing the participating components, so our visualization is not only qualitative but also quantitative. The descriptive method was presented as a game developed by using a game engine and video clips. As case studies we presented examples of visualization obtained by using various methods.

[Muhamedyev R, Mansharipova A, Muhamedyeva E. Visualization of Biological Processes Described by Models of Apoptosis. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):320-327] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.comm. 46. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.46

Keywords: Visualization, chemical kinetics, cell biology, apoptosis

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The Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Liver Cirrhosis

Amira A Elhaggagy ^*, Samar Alsaggaf ^* and Hanan A Amin^#,*

* Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

# Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

hananaliamin@hotmail.com

Abstract: Hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis is emerging as a treatable complication of chronic liver disease, following significant progress in understanding its underlying mechanisms. Efforts have focused on the hepatic stellate cells (HSC), as these cells can undergo, “activation” into proliferation and fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cells during liver injury. Antifibrotic therapies could become important in treating the millions of patients with chronic fibrosing liver disease. Curcumin the major polyphenolic compound in tumeric has been shown to attenuate hepatic damage. So, the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of curcumin intake in preventing thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension (manifested as splenomegaly). Four groups of rats were used throughout this study. Group I (Control group): rats received the solvent at identical amount and duration. Liver cirrhosis was induced in Groups II, III, and IV by thioacetamide (TAA; 200mg/kg, ip) twice weekly for 12 weeks. Group II (Cirrhosis group): untreated group. Group III (Prevention group): rats received curcumin (300 mg/kg/day, by gavage for 12 weeks) concomitantly with TAA. Group IV (Treatment group): rats were given curcumin for 6 weeks after TAA discontinuation.  Specimens from the livers were processed for paraffin sections and stained with Hx&E and Masson Trichrome stain. Alpha smooth muscle actin expressed immunohistochemically by HSC were considered a marker of their activation to myofibroblast. Image analyzer was used to analyze the results morphometrically. Also, statistical analysis of the results was determined by ANOVA test. Histological findings proved that the curcumin protected the liver structure in TAA-induced liver cirrhosis rats. The curcumin treatment almost normalized these effects in the histoarchitecture of liver. Indeed, there was remarkable reduction in fibrosis extent and a decrease of stellate infiltration in rats concomitantly treated with curcumin compared to non treated group. Curcumin had no effect on pre-established liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, this study showed that curcumin has protective effects from hepatic cirrhosis in rats that were proven by histopathological analysis. As curcumin is safe for consumption by humans, it may have a beneficial role in chemical-induced hepatic damage although this finding needs further study to know the active constituents appearing to protect rat liver against cirrhosis.

[Amira A Elhaggagy, Samar Alsaggaf and Hanan A Amin. The Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Liver Cirrhosis. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):328-338ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.47

Key words: Curcumin, Liver, cirrhosis, immunohistochemistry

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A Data Analytic Framework for Unstructured Text

Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy and Fathy E. Eassa

Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia

hassanin@kau.edu.sa and feassa@kau.edu.sa

Abstract. This paper describes a systematic flow of the unstructured data in industry, collected data, stored data, and the amount of data. Big data uses salable storage index and distributed approach to retrieve required information. Therefore, the paper introduces an unstructured data framework for managing and discovering using the 3Vs of big data: variety, velocity, and volume. Different approaches for managing, collecting, and classification of twitter data, e-mail data and free text are required to manage resources more efficiently, and building software platform around scalable analytics. The development processes in this paper is implemented in Python, build up lexicon and calculated sentiment score. Analyzing twitter data and e-mail data answered many of questions; what are people talking about?, what is the most important? … etc. The accuracy of the proposed classifier was 77.78, without stop words and was 78.76 and 79.94 with stop words (25 and 174) respectively. If the stop words are increased, the accuracy will be 87.69.It has been 10% better accuracy between Naïve Bayes and Maximum Entropy classifier.

[Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy and Fathy E. Eassa. A Data Analytic Framework for Unstructured Text. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):339-350] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.48

Keywords: Sentiment analysis, Cloud computing; big data; twitters, Social network analysis, and unstructured data.

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Modulation of blood cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic male rats by dietary administration of either fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves or seeds

 Abdulbasit I. I. Al-Sieni

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
aalsieni@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The leaves or seeds powder of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) were orally administered in the diet to hypercholesterolemic male rats for 8 weeks to test their effect on lipid profile, antioxidants enzymes and lipid peroxide. Twenty four male rats weighing 150-170 gm were divided into four groups. The first group is untreated (control group), fed basal diet, the second group, fed on 2% cholesterol in diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (positive control group), the third and the fourth group fed 2% cholesterol (to induce hypercholesterolemia) and treated with 500 mg/kg body weight fenugreek leaves or seeds, respectively for 8 weeks. The positive control group showed a significant increase in lipid profile, liver enzyme, lipid peroxide and kidney function parameters, and serum electrolytes and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activity. In addition, heart, liver, kidney and testes showed histopathological changes compared with the negative control. Treating the hypercholesterlemic rats with fenugreek leaves or seeds improved the biochemical blood tests and the histology of the studied organs tissues and restored them to the normal state. In conclusion, fenugreek leaves and fenugreek seeds have an anti-oxidant activity and ameliorated the hyperlipidemia, improved liver and kidney functions and decreased lipid peroxide in hypercholesterlemic male rats. The antihyperlipidemic activity of fenugreek could be attributed to inhibiting oxidative stress.
[Abdulbasit I. I. Al-Sieni. Modulation of blood cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic male rats by dietary administration of either fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves or seeds. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):351-361] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.49

Key words: Fenugreek, leaves, seeds, hypercholesterolemic, rats, histopathology.

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Calcium and vitamin D Nutrition and Bone Disease of the Elderly

¹Sami  Bahlas and ²Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed

¹Consultant Rheumatologist / Associate Professor, King Abdulaziz University, Department of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Consultant Physician/ Associate Professor  Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Department of Medicine , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

drsamibahlas@gmail.com

Abstract: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) <50 nmol/L] was 87.8% among Saudi Arabian men. There was a linear inverse relationship between serum 25(OH) D and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, but without a threshold of 25(OH) D at which the intact PTH values become balanced. Introduction: Vitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency have now reached epidemic proportions and have been linked to low bone mineral density (BMD) due to, certain lifestyle factors, and obesity in adults. This relationship is not well documented in Saudi Arabian men. This study examines the relationship between vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH), and lifestyle factors among Saudi Arabian men. Methods:This cross-sectional study has involved 1331 females (aged 6-98) and 169 males (aged 13-83) _  living in Saudi and Non-Saudi  who were randomly selected and medically examined. Results:Deficiency (25(OH) D<50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (≥50–75 nmol/L) were presented. Deficiency (<50 nmol/L) were 91.4% in Non-Saudi, 91.2% in Saudi, and Insufficiency (>=50-<=75 nmol/L) were 8.6% in Saudi and 8.4% in Non-Saudi respectively. The Odds ratio for age group- 0.582 (LL (0.420) – UL (0.807)) and sex for clinical parameters. There is a significant negative correlation between Calcium and Alkaline Phosphate with (r= -0.065) and (p = 0.03). Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency is wide spread in in Saudi and non-Saudi population, country where sunshine is abundant.it is important to pay attention to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general adult population. It is necessary that the government implement a mandatory vitamin D supplementation program in primary health centers and raise awareness of the magnitude of the problem in vulnerable groups through social media, and educate the people of the importance of exposing themselves to direct sunlight for at least 30 minutes a day.

[Sami  Bahlas and Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed. Calcium and vitamin D Nutrition and Bone Disease of the Elderly. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):362-369] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.50

Keywords: Calcium intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Lifestyle factors, Elderly population, PTH. Saudi Arabia

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Speak Correct: A Computer Aided Pronunciation Training System for Native Arabic Learners of English

 
¹Sherif Abdou, ²Mohsen Rashwan, ³Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy, ³Kamal Jambi and ³Wajdi Al-Jedaibi

¹Faculty of Computers & Information, Cairo University, Egypt ²Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
³Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
(sheriff.abdou ,mrashwan)@rdi-eg.com, (hassanin , kjambi, waljedaibi)@kau.edu.sa

Abstract. In this paper we introduce the SpeakCorrect system which is a Computer Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) system for native Arabic students of English. The system is designed with optimized performance for the target users group. It is L1 dependent system and only the frequent pronunciation errors of native Arabic speakers are examined. Several adaptation techniques such as Speaker Adaptive Training (SAT), Speaker Clustering (SC) and Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) are used to boost the performance of the SpeakCorrect system. The decision reached by the SpeakCorrect system is accompanied by a posterior based confidence score to reduce effect of misleading system feedback.Evaluation results for the system are promising and show significant improvements in the users' pronunciation proficiency.

[Sherif Abdou, Mohsen Rashwan, Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy, Kamal Jambi and Wajdi Al-Jedaibi. Speak Correct: A Computer Aided Pronunciation Training System for Native Arabic Learners of English. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):370-380] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.51

Keywords: Computer Aided Pronunciation Training, Speaker Adaptation, Confidence Measure 

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Echocardiogram Abnormalities in SLE Patients

Sami M Bahlas

King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi arabia

drsamibahlas@gmail.com

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Early detection and management of cardiac disease may reduce the morbidity and improve the survival of patients with SLE. Echocardiography is a sensitive technique which has been previously demonstrated to enable assessment of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. In the setting of SLE patients, echocardiography may therefore thereby provide clinical prognostic utility, enabling risk stratification and targeted treatment. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients diagnosed with SLE at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jiddah Saudi Arabia from 1^st of January 2010 to December 2012. Demographic and biochemical data was extracted from medical records. Differences in age, disease activity and creatinine levels in relation to cardiac abnormalities were analysed using students t-test. Associations between urinary and cardiac abnormalities were analysed using chi square tests. Partial correlations were examined for association between continuous variables. The results indicated that, 123 patients met the inclusion criteria; 92.7% were female, half were of Saudi nationality and the mean age was 32.89 years. Of those patients who had had an echocardiogram, one third showed mitral regurgitation, half had evidence of tricuspid regurgitation, 38% had valve abnormalities, 16% had pericardial effusion and 19% had raised pulmonary pressure and pericardial pressure. Patients displaying tricuspid regurgitation were significantly older than those without evidence of tricuspid regurgitation (35.19 ± 12.56 vs 26.77 ± 6,70; p=0.038). Age was also negatively correlated with ejection fraction (r=-0.271, p=0.024), indicating reduced cardiac function in older patients. Anti-DNA titre was negatively correlated with haemoglobin (r=0-.379, p<0.001), vitamin D (r=-0.245, p=0.029) and calcium (r=-0.323, p=0.010) levels, and positively correlated ejection fraction (r=0.265, p=0.028). Urinary protein, creatinine and anti-DNA levels were increased in patients with pericardial effusion. The resulta concluded that Cardiac abnormalities are common in SLE patients. Early detection of cardiovascular disease would enable early intervention and thereby improve prognosis.

[Sami M Bahlas. Echocardiogram Abnormalities in SLE Patients. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):381-385] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.52

Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; cardiovascular disease, echocardiogram

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Influence of Different Concentrations of Salt Stress on In Vitro Multiplication of Some

Fig (Ficus Carcia L.) Cultivars

Ehab M.R. Metwali ^1&2, Hemaid .I.A.Soliman³, Al-Zahrani H.S.¹, Howladar S.M.⁴ and Fuller M.P.⁵

¹Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ²Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.  ³Plant Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya  11753, Cairo, Egypt.⁴ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia, ⁵School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

egharib@Kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This work aimed to establish in-vitro plant formation from Ficus carica L. cultivars (i.e., Black Mission, Brown Turkey and Brunswick) and investigate their salt tolerance using different concentrations of NaCl. Plant growth regulators BAP, Kinetin, 2iP and NAA were evaluated during proliferation, elongation and rooting stages. Murashige and Skoog (MS) was the most superior medium for increasing explant development in most tissue culture techniques for all cultivars. BA was the best cytokinin for enhancing proliferation in cvs. Brown Turkey and Brunswick, while Kinetin was more effective in improving growth and greening parameters of cv. Black Mission. Shoot elongation of cv. Black Mission was increased by using hormone-free media. Shoot elongation was enhanced by addition of 0.5 mg L^-1 GA3 to the culture medium of cv. Brunswick, while 1.0 mg L^-1 was better for cv. Brown Turkey. IBA at 2.0 mg L^-1 was most effective in maximizing cv. Brown Turkey rooting, while 1.5 mg L^-1 was the best for the other cultivars. Half strength MS medium produced the best root formation compared to other media strengths. NaCl at concentrations of more than 12 g L^-1 induced lethal effects on all parameters under study and 11 g L^-1 had adverse effect on the plantlets of  cv. Brunswick. Contents of K⁺, Na ⁺, Fe⁺⁺ and Zn⁺⁺ increased incrementally with increasing NaCl levels in all cultivars. cv. Brown Turkey accumulated more K⁺ and Na⁺ than others.

[Ehab M.R. Metwali, Hemaid .I.A.Soliman, Al-Zahrani H.S., Howladar S.M. and Fuller M.P. Influence of Different Concentrations of Salt Stress on In Vitro Multiplication of Some Fig (Ficus Carcia L.) Cultivars. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(10):386-397] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.53

Key words: Fig (Ficus carcia L.), micropropagation, salinity, proline, , chlorophyll, mineral composition

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The Systematic Review on Safety in Urban Neighborhoods

 Vahid Bigdeli Rad*¹, Hamed Najafpour², Ibrahim Ngah¹, Esmaeil Shieh³, Hamid Bigdeli Rad⁴

¹Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
²Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
³ Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
⁴Department of Transportation Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Vahid.Bigdeli@gmail.com, Najafpour.Hamed@gmail.com, B-Ibrhim@utm.my, Es_Shieh@iust.ac.ir, Hamid.Bigdeli29@gmail.com

Abstract: Previous researches focused on the safety issue as a significant factor for neighborhood’s quality. The aim of this research is to establish a comprehensive overview on literatures in terms of the significance of safety issue for urban neighborhoods and its influencing factors.  To do so, 27 research articles associating to urban neighborhood’s safety criteria are evoked and reviewed. Considering the existing inconsistencies of the results, the important factors influencing urban neighborhood’s safety are revealed. Most of undertaken articles that were focused on statistical strategies were validated and reliable safety is standardized. Moreover, the possible moderation of effects are surely investigated and warranted.

[Bigdeli Rad V, Najafpour H, Ngah I, Shieh E, Bigdeli Rad H. The Systematic Review on Safety in Urban Neighborhoods. Life Sci J 2013; 11(10):398-405] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.54

Keywords: Safety, Neighborhood, Urban Neighborhoods’ Safety 

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The Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Ethyl Carbamate in Human HepG2 Cells Revealed by UPLC-TOF-MS

Bo Cui^1,2, Wei Zhang², Ran Ran², Yi Xu^2,3, Aibo Wu⁴, Dawei Li⁵, Dabing Zhang², Jianxin Shi², and Huaping Chen¹

¹College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China

²School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

³College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

⁴Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China

⁵School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

chp666@aliyun.com and sjianxin@gmail.com

Abstract: Ethyl carbamate (EC), a toxic contaminant occurring in food processing, may possess a risk to human health. To facilitate the basic study on its metabolism and applied study on its monitoring, we first established a rapid determination method of EC in human cells (HepG2) based on UPLC-TOF-MS. This method showed good linearity over a range of 60-6000 ng/mL (R2＞0.99) in both extra/intra-cellular matrixes. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) for both matrixes were 31 ng/mL and 40 ng/mL, 133 ng/mL and 103 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries and stabilities (RSD) of this method for both extra/intra-matrices were over 76% and smaller than 13%, respectively. Then, using the established method, we determined the absorption and accumulation characteristics of EC in both matrixes, which, for the first time, showed that EC could be absorbed and accumulated by HepG2 cells. Notably, the kinetics of EC accumulation in cell pellets was consistent with results of cell viability assay, demonstrating that exposure to EC had potential adverse effects on cell viability.

[Cui B, Zhang W, Ran R, Xu Y, Wu A, Li D, Zhang D, Shi J, Chen H. The Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Ethyl Carbamate in Human HepG2 Cells Revealed by UPLC-TOF-MS. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):406-413] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.55

Keywords: cell viability, food safety, human hepatoblastoma cell, MTT assay, naturally occurring toxic contaminant

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English in higher education: pragmatic factors of Kazakh-English code-switching

Damira Akynova, Aliya Aimoldina, Atirkul Agmanova,

Philology Department, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan

mirada-86@mail.ru

Abstract: The paper examines attitudes and some functions of Kazakh-English code-switching among foreign language learners engaged in Business English courses in the classroom and outside the classroom activities. To achieve these goals, quantitative and qualitative research methods such as observation, interviews with students have been used. The results demonstrate that attitudes toward the promotion of English in higher education are positive in general. However, there are still some concerns on its usefulness.

[Akynova D., Aimoldina A., Agmanova A.E. English in higher education: pragmatic factors of Kazakh-English code-switching. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):414-420] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.56

Keywords: Code-switching; attitude; function; Kazakh; English; Business English, students

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Left Atrial Appendage Aneurysm in a Two Month Old Infant: A Case report

^1. Ayed A. Shati¹, Ali M. Alsuheel, ^2. Mohammed A. Al-Gathradi, ^3. Khaled S. Alshaibari,

^3. Dhafer B. Al-Shehri and ^1. Eman A. Sharaf

^1. Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,

^2. Medical Radiology Department, Aseer Central Hospital², Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^3. Pediatrics Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ayedshati@gmail.com; ayed33@hotmail.com

Abstract: Congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage is a rare anomaly caused by congenital dysplasia of the atrial muscles. The major manifestations of these aneurysms are cardiomegaly in the x-ray, supraventricular tachycardia, and systemic embolism. The case reported is a two month old infant who was evaluated because of respiratory symptoms and signs of cardiomegaly in Chest X-Ray. A large cystic mass communicating with the left atrium was seen on echocardiography. The diagnosis was based on echocardiography and was confirmed by computed tomography angiocardiography. Pathological examination after surgical excision confirmed its nature as an aneurysm of the left atrial appendage. Up to our knowledge, this case is so far the first case reported in Saudi Arabia having this presentation in infancy.

[Ayed A. Shati, Ali M. Alsuheel, Mohammed A. Al-Gathradi, Khaled S. Alshaibari, Dhafer B. Al-Shehri and Eman A. Sharaf. Left Atrial Appendage Aneurysm in a Two Month Old Infant: A Case report. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):421-423] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.57

Key words: Left Atrial Appendage Aneurysm, Infant – Case Report – KSA.

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Developing Population Behavioral Parameters Influencing Earthquake Disaster Preparedness and Planning: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

 Mohammad Naser¹⁾, Kheir Jada’an²⁾, Sa’ad Abu Qdais³⁾ and Hossam Faris⁴⁾

¹⁾ Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The University of Jordan
²⁾ Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The University of Jordan
³⁾ Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University for Science and Technology
⁴⁾ Assistant Professor, Business Information Technology Department, King Abdulla II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan 

Abstract: Earthquake disasters occur unexpectedly providing no time to alert the public and result in great infrastructure damage in addition to severe threats to public safety. There have been many studies performed on emergency evacuation planning and management, however few of them addressed the modeling of the demand on the transportation system after evacuation orders are issued in response to an earthquake event. Knowing the behavior of the evacuating population has a significant impact on the ability to provide reliable models that capture the operational conditions of the transportation systems during the different stages of the regional emergency. This paper presents the results of an interview survey that was used to identify the different behavioral aspects related to the surveyed population intended response to evacuation orders in the aftermath of a major earthquake. The data from the survey were mainly utilized to identify the compliance rates with evacuation orders and the demand on the roadway network. Trip generation models were developed to relate that demand with the household category of the evacuation population. In addition, due to the dynamic nature of the emergency evacuation, the mobilization time needed by the evacuees to start the evacuation trip was analyzed. This study also used genetic algorithm to optimize the sigmoid function that is used to describe the evacuation trip mobilization curves for the case study scenario. The results from the analysis showed that it is important to use different evacuation trip rates for single-family and multifamily evacuating households. The study revealed that compliance rates with evacuation orders and the number of vehicle used for evacuation were dependent on the HH category. Also, this study developed functions for evacuation mobilization times for the case study earthquake hypothetical scenario were shorter compared to other types of emergencies and case studies available in the literature. This research was fully funded by a research grant provided by the Scientific Research Support Fund (SRSF)-Jordan, all thanks for making this project possible.
[Mohammad Naser, Kheir Jada’an, Sa’ad Abu Qdais and Hossam Faris. Developing Population Behavioral Parameters Influencing Earthquake Disaster Preparedness and Planning: A Genetic Algorithm Approach. Life Sci J 2013; 11(10):424-431] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 58. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.58

Keywords: Disaster management; emergency evacuation; evacuation demand; trip loading curve; Genetic Algorithm.

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Safety and Outcome of Suboccipital Mini-Craniectomy for the Evacuation of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage.

 Saleh S. Baeesa¹ and Montasser A. Foda²

 ¹ Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
² Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Noor Specialists Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
sbaeesa@kau.edu.sa  

Abstract: Objective: Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH) that may cause severe brain stem compression, obstructive hydrocephalus, and cerebellar herniation is life threatening condition. Large suboccipital craniectomy has been traditionally used to evacuate SCH, which has long operative time and local tissue damage, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. We examined the effectiveness and outcome of our experience in the management of SCH with suboccipital minimal invasive “Mini-Craniectomy” (MC). Methods: This retrospective study was performed between July 2002 and August 2013 in two tertiary hospitals in the western region of Saudi Arabia for all patients were admitted with SCH. The patients were treated conservatively if they presented with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13 or more and their computed tomography (CT) scans on admission revealed ahematoma sizeless than30 mm in maximal diameter and no evidence of brain stem compression or hydrocephalus. While, Surgical intervention with MC was considered for patients with GCS less than 13 and with CT findings of hematoma size more than 30 mm in maximal diameter, and/or brain stem compression or hydrocephalus. Glasgow outcome score (GOS) was identified for all patients at their 3-moth follow up. Results: Thirty-eight patients with SCH were included in this study with mean age of 63.5 years. Twenty-six patients (68%) were males and 12 (32%) were females. Three patients presented with GCS of 3 were offered palliative support. Non-operative management was indicated for 13 patients, and 22 patients underwent emergency MC and evacuation of cerebellar hematoma (CH). In the non-operative group, 2 patients deteriorated neurologically and underwent MC, and another patient required insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for progressive hydrocephalus. In the operative group (n= 24),2 had a local rebleed and required were reoperation, 2developed worsening of hydrocephalus and required external ventricular drains (EVD), one of them eventually requiredVPS. Suboccipital pseudomeningocele, occurred in 3 patients and resolved after 5 days of external lumbar drainage. At 3-month follow up, all patients treated conservatively (n=11) had favorable GOS.Patient who underwent MC (n=24), 19 patients (79%) had favorable GOS (3 had mild disability and 16 returned back to their baseline neurological status). Five patients (21%) had unfavorable GOS (3 patients died, 2 patients had severe disability and were dependent). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that surgery for SCH through a MC is effective surgical procedure with good outcome.
[Saleh S. Baeesa and Montasser A. Foda. Safety and Outcome of Suboccipital Mini-Craniectomy for the Evacuation of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage. Life Sci J 2014; 11(10): 432-438] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.59

Key Words: Cerebellar hemorrhage, Hypertension, Hydrocephalus, Mini-craniectomy, Minimal invasive surgery

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Vision-based approach for task reconstruction of a robot

Seungyoub Ssin¹, Seoungjae Cho², Kyhyun Um*¹, Kyungeun Cho¹

¹ Dept. of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea

² Dept. of Multimedia Engineering, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding Author: khum@dongguk.edu

Abstract: In this study, we developed a task reconstruction technique with a high success rate, which allows a robot to acquire information to create and reconstruct tasks by using a two-dimensional (2D) camera mounted on the ceiling in a closed space. The robot uses information related to each joint based on the motions learned via imitation learning when specific behaviors are performed. The robot then uses the 2D camera to reconstruct tasks based on the location data related to objects in images after they have been moved. The reconstructed tasks are executed in a closed space where a robot can move around. We introduce a technique that creates and reconstructs tasks, which can be implemented in sequential order using the extracted location data.

[Ssin S, Cho S, Um K, Cho K. Vision-based approach for task reconstruction of a robot. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):439-444] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.60

Keywords: Behavior; imitation learning; location-based; task reconstruction; two-dimensional camera

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The tragedy of Soviet war prisoners’ life: Nazi imprisonment and repatriation to Motherland

 Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva, Yerke Kartabayeva, Bakyt Nurpeissova, Gulzhan Bedelova

 Al-Farabi Kazakh Nastional University, Almaty, 050004, Kazakhstan
kokebayeva@mail.ru

Abstract. This article has made the attempt to review of war prisoners’ problem in the light of war prisoners’ fate which after the repatriation to Motherland reprised. The object of research is power and person interrelations problem in the Soviet state in the period of Stalin’s ruling. Methods: World War II is considered here as a global struggle between alternative models, i.e. struggle between totalitarian utopia and real liberal democracy. Facts: Soviet soldiers and officers who were taken imprisonment regardless of its behavior in prison, even though a successful escape and participation in the guerrilla movement, accused of treason. Basic concept: In the minds of the leaders of the Soviet state, atrophied of civil war cruelty and impunity for atrocities in the years of terror, there was no concept of honor, dignity and respect for the principles of law and morality. Therefore soldiers defeated Nazism in his homeland called "traitors", "betrayer" and become social misfits.
[Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva, Yerke Kartabayeva, Bakyt Nurpeissova, Gulzhan Bedelova. The tragedy of Soviet war prisoners’ life: Nazi imprisonment and repatriation to Motherland. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):445-453] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.61

Key words: The Second World War, war prisoners, repatriation, filter camps, repressions, the Third Reich

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Dynamic Hilbert Curve-based B⁺-Tree to Manage Frequently Updated Data in Big Data Applications

Dongmin Seo, Sungho Shin, Youngmin Kim, Hanmin Jung, Sa-kwang Song

Dept. of Computer Intelligence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, South Korea

{dmseo, maximus74, ymkim, jhm, esmallj}@kisti.re.kr

Abstract: In big data application sets, the values of the data used change continually in practice. Therefore, applications involving frequently updated data require index structures that can efficiently handle frequent update of data values. Several methods to index the values of frequently updated data have been proposed, and most of them are based on R-tree-like index structures. Research has been conducted to try to improve the update performance of R-trees, and focuses on query performance. Even though these efforts have resulted in improved update performance, the overhead involved and the immaturity of the concurrency control algorithms of R-trees render the proposed methods a less-than-ideal choice for frequently updated data. In this paper, we propose an update-efficient indexing method. The proposed index is based on the B⁺-tree and the Hilbert curve. We present an advanced Hilbert curve that automatically adjusts the order of the Hilbert curve in sub-regions, according to the data distribution and the number of data items. We show through experiments that our strategy achieves a faster response time and higher throughput than competing strategies.
[Dongmin Seo, Sungho Shin, Youngmin Kim, Hanmin Jung, Sa-kwang Song. Dynamic Hilbert Curve-based B⁺-Tree to Manage Frequently Updated Data in Big Data Applications. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):454-461] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.62
 

Keywords: Dynamic Hilbert curve; B⁺-tree, frequently updated data; multi-dimensional data; big data

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Detection of Malicious Virtual Machines using the VM Lifecycle in a Cloud Computing Environment

Seulgi Lee, Youngsang Shin, Kyungho Son, Haeryong Park

Korea Internet & Security Agency

{sglee, ysshin, khson, hrpark}@kisa.or.kr

Abstract: It is a new challenge to respond to intelligent hacking attacks that exploit new security vulnerabilities arising due to the characteristics of virtualized infrastructure including the dynamic state change of virtual machines in the cloud computing environment. This makes security management much more complicated. This paper shows that these problems can be effectively handled by tracing the virtual machine lifecycle and presents a way of tracing. This paper proposes a technique of tracing the virtual machine lifecycle using logs and the layer for cloud environment configuration and management. Finally, this paper discusses proactive detection of the malicious virtual machine using the VM Lifecycle.

[Seulgi Lee, Youngsang Shin, Kyungho Son, Haeryong Park. Detection of Malicious Virtual Machines using the VM Lifecycle in a Cloud Computing Environment. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):462-467] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.63

Keywords: Cloud; Security; Virtual Machine Lifecycle

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Lexicon based Approach for Sentiment Classification of User Reviews

 Muhammad Zubair Asghar¹, Rahman ullah¹, Shakeel Ahmad¹, Fazal Masud Kundi¹, Irfan ullah Nawaz¹

Institute of Computing and Information Technology Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan
Email: zubair@gu.edu.pk

Abstract: With the advent of web, online user reviews are getting more and more attention of the researchers because valuable information about products and services are available on social media like twitter1. These reviews are very helpful for organizations as well as for new customers showing interest in these products or services. But this data is generated in tremendous amount which is out of control of manual mining methods. These reviews need a model that has the ability to gauge these shared reviews according to predefined categories. This work introduces a rule based approach to find the opinion classification of reviews. The system can automatically crawl reviews from social media sites, classify these reviews as subjective and objective and then calculate polarity score for subjective reviews at word level. This method shows impressive results and out-performs the baseline method by achieving 86% and 82% accuracy at feedback and sentence level respectively for comments and 96% at feedback and 85 % at sentences for reviews.
[Muhammad Zubair Asghar, Rahman ullah, Shakeel Ahmad, Fazal Masud Kundi, Irfan ullah Nawaz. Lexicon based Approach for Sentiment Classification of User Reviews. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):468-473] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.64

Keywords: Product review, Sentiment Analysis, Opinion Mining, Classification. Blog Mining. 1www.twitter.com

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A New Efficient Hybrid Exact String Matching Algorithm and Its Applications

Atheer Akram AbdulRazzaq, Nur’Aini Abdul Rashid, Muhannad A. Abu-Hashem, Awsan Abdulrahman Hasan

Department of Parallel and Distributed Processing, School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

athproof@yahoo.com

Abstract: String matching is one of most challenging issues in computer science. In this study, a new efficient hybrid string matching algorithm called Atheer was developed. This proposed algorithm is integrated with the excellent properties of three algorithms, namely, the Karp–Rabin, Raita, and Smith algorithms. The Atheer algorithm demonstrated an efficient performance in the number of comparison attempts as well as in the character comparisons with original algorithms in the first step and with recent and standard algorithms (i.e., Horspool, quick search, two way, fast search, SSABS, TVSBS, AKRAM, and maximum shift) in the second step. The proposed algorithm in this study utilized several data types, namely, DNA sequences, Protein sequences, XML structures, Pitch characters, English texts, and Source codes. The Pitch database was the best match for Atheer in terms of the number of comparison attempts involving long and short patterns; the DNA database was the worst match. In terms of the character comparisons, the best database was the Source code database; the DNA sequence data type was also the worst match when short and long patterns were used.

[AbdulRazzaq AA, Rashid NA, Abu-Hashem MA, Hasan AA. A New Efficient Hybrid Exact String Matching Algorithm and Its Applications. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):474-488] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.65

Keywords: Exact string matching, Atheer algorithm, type and size of data, pattern lengths

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Modeling of the basic processes and traditional way of life of indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Region (Eastern Siberia)

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: Eastern Siberia and Krasnoyarsk region has an area of indigenous peoples who are the traditional way of life. Currently, financial-industrial groups in oil, gas and other minerals are actively . doing business in the Krasnoyarsk Region. Traditional lifestyle of indigenous peoples is endangered. Unique economic and cultural practices of indigenous peoples may disappear forever. Ecological system of northern and Arctic areas must include the basic processes of life and activities of indigenous peoples, including herding, hunting, fishing, gathering wild plants. Scientists of the Siberian Federal University made project offering basic processes of life of indigenous peoples. This project would help preserve the unique lifestyle of indigenous peoples of the North and East Siberia. [Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. Modeling oof the basic processes and traditional way of life of indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk region (Eastern Siberia). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):489-494] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.66

Keywords: Eastern Siberia, North, Arctic, Krasnoyarsk Region, Siberian Federal University, indigenous peoples, reindeer herding, hunting

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Induction From Multi-label Examples

 Hind Hazza Alsharif¹, Wadee Saleh Alhalabi², Miroslav Kubat<sup>3

1, 2</sup> Computer Science Department
Faculty of Computing and Information Technology
King Abdul Aziz University

³ Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of Miami

Abstract: The task of text categorization is to assign one or more classes to a document. The simplest machine learning approach to such domains, simply induces a binary classifier separately for each class, and then uses these classifiers in parallel. An example of motivating application is a digital library collection that used to be classified into classes and sub-classes in a hierarchical order. Another important issue that we are considering is the document might belong to more than one class, in this case we will be working on a high performance multi-class label classifier. The study we are intending to do herein is going to show how much we can gain from machine learning. This mean, if we need something like 10 to 15% of the data for training, and testing or do we need > 50% of the data set for training and testing. In the latter case, the machine learning may don’t contribute that much. However, if 10 to 15% of the data set is needed, then, machine learning has a great contribution. The last issue we are working on in this research is the inter-class relation. Which means, if the example is classified to belong to a class C, does this mean, the example belong to parents and grandparents classes of the class C, and on the opposite way too? We will use a framework to classify documents automatically and this can indeed answer these questions.
[Hind Hazza Alsharif, Wadee Saleh Alhalabi, Miroslav Kubat. Induction From Multi-label Examples. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):495-511] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.67

Keywords: text categorization, induction process, multi-label classifiers, inter-class relation, KNN algorithms, Naïve Bays algorithms

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Case study: Paleokarst development zones in the Upper Devonian Domanik Group, Timan-Pechora basin

 Anton Skvortsov¹, Vladislav Kuleshov² 

¹LUKOIL LLC, Usinsk, Russia
²Uktha State Technical University, Ukhta, Russia
mailanton@mail.ru (Anton Skvortsov), vkuleshov@ugtu.net (Vladislav Kuleshov)

Abstract: Paleokarst system structures form an important type of carbonate reservoir, and are product of surface karst processes, further sediment compaction and diagenesis, all of which can contribute to the heterogeneity development and compartmentalization of a carbonate reservoir. One of the most important conditions is when the cave is filled by solid minerals such as anhydrite. Filling of the cave by Minerals and further compaction during area subsidence can destroy much of the original cavern porosity and significantly decrease the reservoir quality of the formation. For this reason, during the design stage of exploration and production drilling, it is necessary to pay attention on the pattern and distribution of paleokarst systems, make an assessment of their impact on reservoir properties which might affect the reservoir quality.
[Skvortsov A, Kuleshov V. Case study: Paleokarst development zones in the Upper Devonian Domanik Group, Timan-Pechora basin. Life Sci J 2014;512-523] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.68

Keywords: Tight paleokarst zones, Timan-Pechora basin, seismic inversion.

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“Apparently healthy human being” – the necessity to refine the notion

Olga Ivanovna Ustinova
Medical Institute “REAVIZ”, Chapaevskaya str., 227, Samara, 443001, Russian Federation

Abstract. Any illness is caused by impairment of the human organism's compensative-adaptive capacities to environmental exposure, its detraining, body defenses depletion, and, inevitably is accompanied by the damage in normal physiological proceeding. Almost every modern human being suffers from either genetic or acquired diseases. That is why, it is reasonable to subscribe to the opinion that unhealthiness is a normal state for people. A person feels like healthy, when the body state coincides with the high quality of vital activity. So, it is important to refine the notion of “apparently healthy human being” for the work on preventive measures directed to support fine life activity. This very notion means a person having no complains of any weakness, or disease, and demonstrating high working ability. The man can have some structural and functional changes in inner organs and their systems, however the compensative-adaptive mechanisms provide standard vital activity throughout all his existence.

[Ustinova O.I. “Apparently healthy human being” – the necessity to refine the notion. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):524-526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.69

Keywords: illness, health, compensative-adaptive reserves, environmental exposure adjustment, apparently healthy human being

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Directions of increasing business results through complex use of the oil and gas potential

Madina Kairbekova
University «Turan», Satpaeva street 16,18,18а, Аlmaty, 050020, the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the problem of increasing business results through the integrated use of oil and gas potential. The author states that at the present stage of development of the economy of Kazakhstan, it is still of raw material nature. Based on the calculated data of this article, we prove that the effectiveness of the integrated use of oil and gas potential is several times graeter than the output from hydrocarbon exports. The author believes that the advanced processing of raw materials with extracting other components of the Kazakh oil will be much more profitable. Advanced processing option allows achieving the highest output of high-quality motor fuel. The country's economy will receive certain advantages and means for innovative development from restructuring of the oil and gas complex. The author shows that the economic assessment of the potential of a specific oil field of the republic will not be complete if we do not take into account those products which can be extracted from the associated gas, which is extracted together with oil. The necessity of implementation of the development programme of the processing sector in the oil and gas sector is explained in the article.
[Kairbekova M. Directions of increasing business results through complex use of the oil and gas potential. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):527-532] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.70

Keywords: complex use of oil and gas potential, innovative way of development, raw materials exports, hydrocarbon resources, fuel fractions, advanced processing, destructive chemical processes, hydrogenated chemical processes, oxidative chemical processes, economic assessment of oil potential, the economic strategy of the republic

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Innovation aspects of managing bachelor training program in the context of Bologna Process in Russia

Tatiana Evgenievna Lebedevа¹, Evgeny Evgenievich Egorov¹, Ruslan Yakovlevich Vakulenko¹, Natalia Yurievna Stouhina²

¹Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Ulyanov st. 1, GSP-37, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia

²Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue, 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia

Abstract. Current economic reforms in Russia impose more serious requirements both to the level of education that the graduates of secondary schools should meet, and to skilled specialists. This article shows the innovative aspects of managing Bachelor degree training program. The main training program for Bachelor degree of Teacher of Economics in Nizhny Novgorod Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin is implemented based on the results of EU TEMPUS Project “Development and Introduction of Stable Structures for Entrepreneurial Spirit in Russia and Tajikistan”.

[Lebedevа T.E., Egorov E.E., Vakulenko R.Y., Stouhina N.Y. Innovation aspects of managing bachelor training program in the context of Bologna Process in Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):533-537] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.71

Keywords: economic education, competency-based approach, curriculum, basic training program, Bologna process, innovation-based training, Bachelor program

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Modeling of age dynamics of mean height stands Haloxylon aphyllum given the level of groundwater in Ile-Balkhash region

Alina Aleksandrovna Zhaglovskaya¹, Saule Sagidullaevna Aidosova¹, Gulzhan Kikbaevna Yerubayeva¹, Nursulu Ziyakhanovna Akhtayeva¹, Asem Tleuzhanovna Mamurova¹, Antonina Grigoryevna Tsaregorodtseva²

¹Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi prospect, 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan

²S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Lomova street, 64, Pavlodar, 140008, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Taking into account severe climatic conditions of the desert and influence of the intense human impacts (grazing, cutting down trees to get fuel, etc.), the actual Haloxylon (further-saxaul) forest area is lessening significantly. Herewith, the classification of the experimental materials enabled to design models of age dynamics of growth of black saxaul in Ile-Balkhash region. The implementation of the task is carried out by elaborating the models of black saxaul alteration taking main morphometric parameters: root collar diameter, height and diameter of the crown. As a consequence of the statistical modeling of the investigated relationships, multiple regression equations for the each level of groundwater occurence were obtained.

[Zhaglovskaya A.A., Aidosova S.S., Yerubayeva G.K., Akhtayeva N.Z., Mamurova A.T., Tsaregorodtseva A.G. Modeling of age dynamics of mean height stands Haloxylon aphyllum given the level of groundwater in Ile-Balkhash region. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):538-542] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.72

Keywords: Desert ecosystems, Haloxylon aphyllum, Kazakhstan, level of groundwaters, taxational indicators of stands, allometry

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Providing financial support for nature conservation activities in regions

Olga Nicolayevna Uglitskikh and Juliya Evgenyevna Klishina

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Zootechnical lane, 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia

Abstract. The current period of market transformations reveals the tightest interrelationship of rational nature management with environmental conservation and resolving the issue of funding this area. Proper funding is a crucial condition for resolving environmental issues. At present, Russia and its regions have a disjointed financial-economic nature management mechanism consisting of separate structural units. This mechanism comprises the following elements: drawing up ecological programs and forecasts, providing financial support for nature conservation activities, pricing the output of extractive industry sectors, and levying fees for a negative impact on the environment and the use of its natural resources. The low efficiency of this mechanism has been a precondition for taking measures aimed at activating the separate units of the existing financial mechanism for rational nature management and environmental conservation.

[Uglitskikh O.N., Klishina J.E. Providing financial support for nature conservation activities in regions. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):543-547] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.73

Keywords: environmental conservation, rational nature management, financial support, financial-economic mechanism, financial resources, budget mechanism

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Remote ultrasound monitoring of underground water mains

Valery Anatolievich Zibrov, Olga Valerevna Sokolovskaya, Natalia Mikhailovna Zibrova, Irina Aleksandrovna Zanina

Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square, 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia

Abstract. This paper considers the current state of the main underground water pipelines, multiphase processes that lead to the deterioration of the water pipelines structure and the increasing number of failures, ultrasound technologies for remote monitoring of energy resources, the spread of ultrasound signal inside a water pipe, the effect of radial waves reflected at the interfaces of several media having different densities, for axial wave extending inside an underground water main.

[Zibrov V.A., Sokolovskaya O.V., Zibrova N.M., Zanina I.A. Remote ultrasound monitoring of underground water mains. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):548-551] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.74

Keywords: ultrasound signal, acoustic wave, main underground water pipelines, reflections, reverberation, modes

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Distribution of sowing and buckwheat crop capacity in Altai with regard to environmental conditions

Victor Markovich Vazhov, Aleksey Walerjewich Odintsev, Vladimir Nikolayevich Kozil

Altai State Academy of Education named after V.M. Shukshin, Korolenko Street, 53, Biysk, 659333, Altai Region, Russia

Abstract. Altai Krai (Territory) is leading Russian region on buckwheat production. This culture is risen in all native zones of the territory. The share of buckwheat sowing is 40% of all-Russian results. But buckwheat crop capacity in Altai is low (7.1 centner per hectare) and varies in time and territory and does not reach average measure for the country that equals 8.3 centner per hectare. Expansion of crop territory by ploughing up fallow lands, optimization of sown areas' structure and improvement of territorial distribution of fields considering environmental conditions together with improvement of zonal territories are reserves of increase of buckwheat production.

[Vazhov V.M., Odintsev A.W., Kozil V.N. Distribution of sowing and buckwheat crop capacity in Altai with regard to environmental conditions Life Sci J 2014;11(10):552-555] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.75

Keywords: buckwheat, Altai Krai, environmental conditions, sown areas, crop capacity

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Elemental analyses of hair of orenburg region’s students

 Baranova Oksana, Kvan Olga, Notova Svetlana, Davydova Natasha, Mezhueva Larisa,
Chirkova Elena, Sizentsov Aleksey, Korotkova Nastya

¹FSEE HPE «Orenburg state university», Contact: avenue Pobedy, 13, h. 16, r. 307, Orenburg, Russia, 460018, tel: 89225485657. E-mail: kwan111@yandex.ru.

Abstract: Objective: Experimental researches resulted in revelation some imbalance in the metal content of hair of different population groups living in foul terrains [Chernyaeva et al., 1997; V.M. Boev, 1998]. One of such terrains is Orenburg region. The region is one of the most ecological unfavourable environmental objects. Earlier mass complex studies about element content in various biological substratums (hair, blood) were carried out on children living in cities and the country of this region and also in the main zones of the region [V.M. Boev et al., 2003]. This work is dedicated to esmation of essential and toxic metal content in an organism of students living in various zones of Orenburg region using multielement hair analysis. Materials and methods: In the autumn of 2003 a checkup was carried out including 199 students (33 male and 166 female) at age of 19 to 23 studying at various faculties of Orenburg State University and constantly living in various zones of Orenburg region (from the Central zone – 126 students, from the Eastern one – 53 students, from the Western one – 20 students). The methods of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively bound plasma (IBP – AES) and mass-spectrometry with inductively bound plasma (IBP – MS) upon content of 25 chemical elements applying the standard procedure approved by The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [Methodological Instructive Regulations 4.1.1482-03] were used to estimate element status of the students. The specimen of hair produced by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences was used as the reference. Derived from the experiment data got compared to reference measures of concentration of some chemical elements in hair for the age group of 18 to 65 [Skalny, 2003]. Iodine content was compared to reference measures by G. Iyengаr (1988), mercury content – by V.V. Ivanov (1994). Results and Discussion: By comparison the findings with the reference measures it was revealed that all the zones were characterized with normal contents of aluminium, lead, cadmium, mercury and excessive content of mangamum and deficiency of selenium in hair. The Central zone was also characterized with decreased iron and copper content. The Eastern zone was notable for increased copper content and deficiency of cobalt in addition with common regularities. The Western zone is characterized with decreased content of chromium, cobalt and lead in hair.
[Baranova Oksana, Kvan Olga, Notova Svetlana, Davydova Natasha, Mezhueva Larisa, Chirkova Elena, Sizentsov Aleksey, Korotkova Nastya. Elemental analyses of hair of orenburg region’s students. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):556-558] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.76

Keywords: trace elements, student, hair, copper, orenburg

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Does neonatal Apgar score affect chronological factor in postpartum uterine involution?

Samia A. Eleiwe

Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Faculty of College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

samia_a_eleiwe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Life begins with birth, which is the end of physiological performance of mother, placenta and newborn, hence, an attempt to find any relation of newborn's Apgar score to maternal postpartum uterine involution in apparently normal mothers, was tried here. Look for any possible postpartum subinvolution following the low level of Apgar score might draw attention for a potential incidence of any life threatening postpartum hemorrhage which usually associated with the uterine subinvolution and to be aware for whichever anticipated similar problem in the prospect deliveries. Material and methods: This research was carried out over the period of 5^thof November 2012 till end of 3^rdof February 2014. Selected two hundred mothers with their each own living infant, were encountered in this study. The mothers were admitted to Labor Room at Al-Khadraa' Private Hospital, in Baghdad, Iraq for a second normal vaginal delivery. On admission they were full termed, apparently normal pregnant with a single fetus. These selected mothers had absolute breastfed their babies afterwards. The mothers were divided into two groups according to the level of Apgar score of their newborns at the first minute of life; as low Apgar score group (group I) consisted of one hundred mothers with each own one hundred newborns and high Apgar score group (group II) consisted of one hundred mothers with each own one hundred newborns. The postpartum uterine size and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of uterine vessels by color Doppler ultrasonic examination (m/s); in each of these two groups were compared to find the significance of difference using Paired SamplesT- test by the computerized program namely PASW Statistics 18. Results: Nearly all of mothers belonged to group I had delay time of uterine involution by abdominal palpation and prolonged time for cessation of vaginal bleeding, but they were responding well to conservative treatment. Moreover they had some degree of bad mood, so required more kind dealing by the working doctors. Uterine size of mothers belonged to group I had larger measurements which were of significant differences at earlier period of postpartum time selected at the ongoing study. Postpartum sonography of mothers belong to Group I showed no or scanty retained products of conception with increased vascularity of the myometrium of low-resistance dilated arteries at site of the preceding placental implantation. Pulsed wave Doppler sonography confirmed the vascular uniqueness of an increased peak systolic velocity (PSV) of a low-resistance. Conclusion: Any mother who delivers a fetus with low Apgar score for unknown reason, could have uterine subinvolution due to impaired recovery of placental bed; which is an important thought in postpartum management. This concept is vital both for retaining future fertility and prevention of any similar future conditions. Moreover, the instant results might provide the idea of existence of an exceptionally related "birth triangle"; consisted of fetus, placenta and uterus.

[Samia A. Eleiwe. Does neonatal Apgar score affect chronological factor in postpartum uterine involution? Life Sci J 2014;11(10):559-563] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.77

Keywords: Myometrial vascularity, Apgar score, Postpartum uterine size, Uterine involution, Subinvolution and Uterine ultrasound. 

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Formation of efficiency of scientific activities of universities in Russia

Yahya Gamidivich Buchaev¹, Elena Anatolievna Iakovleva², Iurii Euginivich Putihin³

¹Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5,  Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan,  Russian Federation

²St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

³Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, S’ezdschiskya str., 15, St-Petersburg, 197198, Russian Federation

Abstract: Today scientific papers pay a lot of attention to the issues of innovation potential evaluation in different economic systems. The issues of evaluation of university scientific and research potential correspond to the objectives of the National Research University Program when educating higher qualification specialists. The article presents the research result of economic efficiency of university.

[Buchaev Y.G., Iakovleva E.A., Putihin I.E. Formation of efficiency of scientific activities of universities in Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):564-568] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.78

Keywords: university, cost, budget funds, efficiency, value, intellectual property, intangible assets

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Constructing two-state “on-ramp” traffic flow mathematical model

V.A. Danilkin, I.U. Zhukov, A.A. Trukhachev
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe highway, 31, Moscow, Russia

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find analytical functions for obtaining useful information of traffic flows properties such as capacity, average speed, queue and state (free or congested) for inhomogeneity “off-ramp” in the context of discrete dynamics. This work based on real empirical data collected by traffic detectors for long study period.
[Danilkin V.A., Zhukov I.U., Trukhachev A.A. Constructing two-state “on-ramp” traffic flow mathematical model. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):569-573] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.79

 

Keywords: traffic flow, mathematical model, deterministic, detector, off-ramp

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Politics and fiction: intertextual links

 Irina Yulievna Dulalaeva

Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, Kazanskaya Street, 89, Elabuga, 423600, Russia

Abstract: The projection of political technological means and election campaign methods on the events described in the political novel and their comparison creates intertextual links, which contributes to thorough perception of characters, events and their development in fiction. The author aims to interpret the political storyline in terms of modern political science, comparing the legitimate and non-conventional means used in political campaigns with their literary reconstruction. In the author’s opinion, the two forms of the literary work existence – the author’s and the one in the reader’s imaginative reconstruction can coincide in case the reader’s thesaurus lacks information gaps in the field accompanying the storyline. Stocktaking of Robert Penn Warren’s election technology reconstruction in the novel “All the King’s Men” is in the focus of the article.
[Dulalaeva I.Y. Politics and fiction: intertextual links. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):574-576] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.80

Keywords: Robert Penn Warren, “All the King’s Men”, artistic reconstruction, political and election technologies, intertextual links, reader’s thesaurus

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Cost management in terms of marginal analysis

Magamedrasul Magamedovich Gadzhiev and Yahya Gamidivich Buchaev

Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5, Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article provides an overview of the main economic indices characterizing operation of a modernized enterprise in terms of increasing efficiency of the enterprise’s economic solutions. In the authors’ opinion this problem should be examined from two sides. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure that development and modernization strategy is chosen in accordance with the changing social needs. On the other hand it can be done through implementation of scientific advances and innovations. This preconditions the choice of cash flow directions and determination of their economic efficiency through cost reduction principle when costs are redistributed in favor of R&D, through minimizing semi-fixed costs with increase in output and through marginal approach to operational risk analysis.

[Gadzhiev M.M., Buchaev Y.G. Cost management in terms of marginal analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):577-580] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.81

Keywords: efficiency, costs, marginal analysis, value, risk, and innovation

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Efficiency assessment of enterprise innovation activities

Magamedrasul Magamedovich Gadzhiev and Yahya Gamidivich Buchaev
Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5, Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan, Russian Federation

Abstract: This paper suggests Efficiency Assessment of Enterprise Innovation Activities (EIA) according to the Cost Reduction Principle and value approach transforms conventional concepts of efficiency. Value, efficiency indicators of business activities of an enterprise are from relative indices of performance (productivity, profitability) towards market value assessment. The economic mechanism of efficiency of an industrial enterprise should be understood to mean the process of target-oriented formation of production and economic activities’ results which satisfy, to the fullest extent, both public needs and goals of the enterprise during modernization
[Gadzhiev M.M., Buchaev Y.G. Efficiency assessment of enterprise innovation activities. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):581-586] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.82

Keywords: economic efficiency, market value, innovation, investments, economic added value, profitability, risk

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Increase in economic efficiency of enterprise due to fixed assets upgrading

 Magamedrasul Magamedovich Gadzhiev and Yahya Gamidivich Buchaev

Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5, Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan, Russian Federation

Abstract: This paper suggests using “value-oriented approach” or maximization of market value of an operating enterprise (MVOE). This calls for theoretic reconsideration of a number of fundamental statements of the economic science, solution to methodological problems, related with development of principles for economic efficiency formation, parameters, defining its value, assessment criteria and influencing factors, creation of economic efficiency management mechanism. The latter should become an efficient system of management of production, material, human and intellectual assets, which generate income, and ensure management decisions aimed at value maximization of an enterprise in the conditions of present resource limitations, high uncertainty of modernization process, investment in new technology and probabilistic nature of the forecast parameters.[Gadzhiev M.M., Buchaev Y.G. Increase in economic efficiency of enterprise due to fixed assets upgrading. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):574-577] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.83

Keywords: economic efficiency, market value, innovation, investments, economic added value, profitability, risk

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Managing major components of market value of enterprise in assessment of economic efficiency

Elena Anatolievna Iakovleva

St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article introduces a control model of company’s market value factors on the basis of infrastructural representation of an innovative enterprise. In this model, factors are compared to indices that are used in strategic development decision-making. Infrastructural representation of the control object of an enterprise’s innovative activities (EIA) is implemented with the value maximization concept. It ensures that the company’s resources are distributed efficiently, which involves all elements of EIA management process. The problem of managing economic efficiency of company performance is important due to the fact that economic management mechanisms (methods and models) get developed and improved and, thus, all the variety of production communications and business situations are embraced.

[Iakovleva E.A. Managing major components of market value of enterprise in assessment of economic efficiency. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):578-582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.84

Keywords: management, innovations, risk, modernization, efficiency, multiplication

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Estimation of an adaptation potential of vine and methods of its increase in Kazakhstan

Saidam Kaimova, Sergei Oleichenko, Maira Ecenalieva, Kenje Erzhanova, Aizada Sembaeva

Republican State Institution with a right of business management Kazakhstan National Agricultural University, Abay Avenue, 8, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract: The analysis of vine buds deaths as a main biological factor of wintering of the culture and agricultural and meteorological conditions in autumn and spring period in main wine-growing zones of Kazakhstan have been conducted. The features of agricultural and meteorological conditions have been discovered in that period. The results of the study of productivity and a condition of wine-growing plantations after an implementation of top-dressings are presented. In case of an influence of micro and macro elements on plants, a general pattern of a productiveness increase due to an intensive work of an assimilation mechanism was noted. Higher content of macro elements had led to an increase of an embryonic fertility of studied varieties.

[Kaimova S., Oleichenko S., Ecenalieva M., Erzhanova K., Sembaeva A. Estimation of an adaptation potential  of vine and methods of its increase in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):583-588] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.85

Keywords: buds deaths percentage, agricultural and meteorological conditions, microclimate, vine covering, mineral nutrition

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Russian practice of financial management of the enterprise

Alexander Evseevich Karlik¹, Daniil Semenovich Demidenko², Elena Anatolievna Iakovleva², Magamedrasul Magamedovich Gadzhiev³

¹St.-Petersburg State University of Economics, Sadovaya Street, 21, room 3111, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
²St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
³Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5, Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan, Russian Federation

 Abstract: To actualize efficiency of asset management company on the basis of the cost approach make such as the development of information technologies; the rapidly changing situation of the stock market; growing process of mergers and acquisitions; agency problem (handover management managers); «commercialization» or practical implementation of intangible assets and intellectual property rights that results in the need to assess their market value and asset management.

[Karlik A.E., Demidenko D.S., Iakovleva E.A., Gadzhiev M.M. Russian practice of financial management of the enterprise. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):589-594] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.86

Keywords: quality management, models, costs, marginal analysis, value

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Methodical approaches to assessment of scientific results effectiveness in Russia

 Alexander Evseevich Karlik¹ and Elena Anatolievna Iakovleva²

¹St.-Petersburg State University of Economics, Sadovaya Street, 21,  room 3111, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
²St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract. In order to solve these problems, we should develop brand-new approaches to analysis and assessment of R&D cost-effectiveness in scientific and production activities as well as innovation activities. In Russia these problems are not attended to properly. There are no more or less significant practical development or theoretical justifications which allow using value approach in management, so tackling the afore-mentioned issues, one the one hand, requires their systematic development due to the specifics of scientific and technological progress characterized by systematic innovation with broad use of information technology and commercialization of intellectual property as R&D result which is formed during innovation activities.

[Karlik A.E., Iakovleva E.A. Methodical approaches to assessment of scientific results effectiveness in Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):595-599] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.87

Keywords: efficiency, costs, marginal analysis, value, risk, and innovation

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Review of economic efficiency indices for enterprises innovative activities

 Alexander Evseevich Karlik¹ and Elena Anatolievna Iakovleva²

¹St.-Petersburg State University of Economics, Sadovaya Street, 21,  room 3111, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
²St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract: Research on ways to effectively manage business growth of its market value in terms of investment, it seems urgent problems of the economy critical to economic growth in national and overall market scale. There has been a gap between economic theory and practice.

[Karlik A.E., Iakovleva E.A. Review of economic efficiency indices for enterprises innovative activities. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):600-604] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.88

Keywords: innovations, risk, modernization, efficiency, multiplication

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Economic approaches to scientific potential evaluation of St. Petersburg state polytechnical university on the basis of value-oriented approach (Edwards-Bell-Ohlson model)

Era Anatolievna Kozlovskya¹, Iurii Euginivich Putihin², Magamedrasul Magamedovich Gadzhiev³

¹St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskay str., 29, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

²Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, S’ezdschiskya str., 15, St-Petersburg, 197198, Russian Federation

³Dagestan State Institute of National Economy at the Republic Dagestan Government, Ataeva str., 5, Makhachkala, 367008, Dagestan, Russian Federation

Abstract: Today scientific papers pay a lot of attention to the issues of innovation potential evaluation in different economic systems. The issues of evaluation of SPbSPU scientific and research potential correspond to the objectives of the National Research University Program when educating higher qualification specialists. The article presents the research result of economic efficiency of SPbSPU on the basis of value-oriented approach by the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson valuation method. At the same time, one of the objectives for the potential evaluation is to increase motivation, which would stimulate investors (and the government) to support universities financially. Such motivation will become much more convincing if, following the results of the public assessment, it will be possible to build up university ratings according to their investment attractiveness and, consequently, value.

[Kozlovskya E.A., Putihin I.E., Gadzhiev M.M. Economic approaches to scientific potential evaluation of St. Petersburg state polytechnical university on the basis of value-oriented approach (Edwards-Bell-Ohlson model). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):605-609] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.89

Keywords: university, cost, budget funds, efficiency, value, intellectual property, intangible assets

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Scientific aspects of economic mechanisms of grain production development based on innovations

Ilkhom Mirsabitovich Umarov

Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, Zhandosov Str., 55, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The article provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of "mechanism", considers the scientific aspects of economic mechanisms that stimulate the grain production development with the use of innovations. The development of grain production in the country needs strengthening the organizational and economic processes that are in constant improvement of scientific and technological base of grain farming, taking into account advances in science, technology and best practices. In this regard, the author gives a range of measures and recommendations for improving the grain production on the example of agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

[Umarov I.M. Scientific aspects of economic mechanisms of grain production development based on innovations. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):610-614] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.90

Keywords: innovations, grain production, economic mechanisms, government support

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Symbolical image of Kut in the ancient Turkic's worldview

Nurbolat Bogenbayev, Azhar Shaldarbekova, Aidyn Zhalmyrza

Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Turkic Sciences, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

E-mail: nurik198080@mail.ru

Abstract. This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “kut” (abundance, happiness) from the philosophical, mythological, archaeological and ethnographic aspects. The word “kut”, which is contained in the traditional worldview of ancient Turkic peoples, has played an important role in the worldview of Turks, in their manner of the life, and in the development of the family. The kut is not only a sign of wealth, abundance and unity, but is also considered as a gift from God. This article is aimed at exploring in detail the above-mentioned issues with the help of new resources. The research work covers the mythologies of the Paleoasya peoples, the North American Indians, Turks and also the ancient Indian and Chinese peoples.

[Bogenbayev N., Shaldarbekova A., Zhalmyrza A. Symbolical image of Kut in the ancient Turkic's worldview. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):615-619] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.91

Keywords: Worldview of ancient Turkic peoples, Kut, Tanri (God), Kutulug, Crow.

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Representation of the gender category in Russian speech practice: psycholinguistic aspect

Guzel Minnezufarovna Nurullina

Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan str., 2, Каzan, 420021, Russia

Abstract. This article is devoted to how the gender category of nouns is represented in Russian speech practice. This paper reveals the cognitive potential, semantics, and metaphorical differences of the gender category. Figurative and associative specificity of grammatical categories of gender is considered. It analyzes the process of personification of inanimate nouns. The study is illustrated with examples from the poems of Russian poets. The article reveals the denotative and significative meanings of the word using a psycholinguistic stance as well as, the literal and figurative meanings of the word by the representation of the gender category.

[Nurullina G.M. Representation of the gender category in Russian speech practice: psycholinguistic aspect. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):620-622] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.92

Keywords: gender category, representation, denotative meaning, significative meaning, metaphorization, psycholinguistic aspect

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Genre specificity and methodology for the creation of artistic and historical works (based on the historical Tatar novel)

Venera Gilmkhanovna Zakirova and Rezeda Rafailevna Khairutdinova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. In this paper the Tatar historical novel - dialogue of Nurihan Fattah “Whistling Arrows” specifically and objectively identified the methodology for the artistic and historical works creation, which is a strict adherence to the historical chronicle in the general course of the narrative, while in the creation of artistic images and revival of bygone events by novel reveals the ideological and aesthetic and socio- philosophical problems of modernity. The main topic required mapping of historical facts and their artistic interpretation of a literary work. The explore of the large panoramic novel highlights to the laws of the literary process and the features characteristic of a single creative artist.

[Zakirova V.G., Khairutdinova R.R. Genre specificity and methodology for the creation of artistic and historical works (based on the historical Tatar novel). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):623-627] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.93 

Keywords: historical novel, Nurihan Fattah, Tatar literature, the history of ancient Huns ( Turks ), documentary, historical figures, artistic image, folk motifs, ethnographic material, the synthesis of the historical and artistic

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Assessing the level of the social-economic development of million-plus cities as the degree to which the administrative resource is realized

Оlga Evgenevna Malykh, Inga Kamilevna Polyanskaya, Alfira Farvazovna Kayumova, Alsu Fanzilevna Shamsutdinova

Bashkir State University, 32 Zaki Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

Abstract. Estimation of standards of socioeconomic development at million-populated cities as a degree of realization of managerial resource. The article is dedicated to the problem of evaluating socio-economic development of Russian cities with a million-plus population. Authors besides traditional ways of economic measuring use new approaches suggested by economics. It is proved that it is impossible to provide comprehensive development of a territory without conscious choice of priorities at development, ways and results of their realization. In the article the authors examine the effectiveness of strategic development as a result of management reserves’ realization at the same time suggesting new interpretation of economic category “management reserves”. It is stated that the existence and quality of strategic programs in cities with a million-plus population on the one hand promotes socio-economic growth and on the other hand acts as an assessment to local control’s actions.

[Malykh О.E., Polyanskaya I.K., Kayumova A.F., Shamsutdinova A.F. Assessing the level of the social-economic development of million-plus cities as the degree to which the administrative resource is realized. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):628-633] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.94

Keywords: economic theory, socioeconomic development, million-populated, managerial resource

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From sensual framework of a word to social stereotypes of consciousness

Laila Agdasovna Mardieva

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyvskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The article demonstrate the possibility to apply one of psychological models of sign (accounting for its modifications) to describe the mechanism of action. Considering sign's model via the prism of individual consciousness (sign of a consciousness) the author analyses a sign as a complex of components: external graphical and audio framework, the world of things the sign points on, general lingual meaning, personal senses, semantic layers of special type called social stereotypes as well as internal sensual component of sign. Author believes that external framework of a sign needs special attention. Research proves that archaic garnitures are capable of arising associative and ethnically driven increments desired by sender of a message in the consciousness of recipients.

[Mardieva L.A. From sensual framework of a word to social stereotypes of consciousness. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):634-637] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.95

Keywords: sign, external framework of a word (graphical and audio), media, impact, psycholinguistic, social linguistic

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Binary oppositions as a way of representing the Slavic culture (in the context of the Russian proverbs)

Tatyana Juvenalevna Schuklina

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article deals with the binary oppositions used in Russian proverbs as lingo-cultural phenomenon that reflects the specific (mythological) conceptualization of the world, inherent in Slavic language cultural community. Author underlines the idea that through the oppositions, entrenched national and cultural connotations in Russian proverbs, a relationship between two semiotic systems, i.e. language and culture, is implemented. Based on performed study, author argues that the binary oppositions, reflecting the specific worldview of the native-speaking people in the era of early Christianity, associated with dualistic thinking of Slavic people, are based on religious and ideological opposition of positive and negative connotations, and go back to the general and the main contraposition of "sacred (positive) and mundane (negative)".

[Schuklina T.J. Binary oppositions as a way of representing the Slavic culture (in the context of the Russian proverbs). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):638-641] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.96

Keywords: binary opposition, saying  proverb, connotation, connotative semes, Slavic thinking, Slavic culture.

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Content and nature of finance in internationalization of Russian economic science

Vladimir Vladimirovich Glukhov

Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova str., 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia

Abstract. During the transformations taking place in the socio-economic life of any state, science faces an important issue of developing and offering relevant theoretical conceptions and recommendations that may be demanded by society in the process of reform. Major trends of internationalization of economic science, and conformity of its theory to the process of globalization should include symbiosis of major domestic achievements of finance theory and the use of foreign theoretical concepts adapted to the specificity of national economy.

[Glukhov V.V. Content and nature of finance in internationalization of Russian economic science. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):642-647] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.97 

Keywords: theory of economic science, finance, money, state, internationalization, globalization

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Global university rankings as indicators of the implementation of the integration process and competitive tool in the context of globalization of higher education

Nikita Avralev and Irina Efimova

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod – National Research University, Gagarina av., 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia

Abstract. Article is devoted to the new conditions for the development of society characterized by the reconstruction of the course of higher education by increasing the competitiveness of Russian universities in the world scientific and educational space and the global university rankings as indicators of the implementation of the integration process and competitive tool in the context of globalization of higher education. A characteristic feature of modern development is the transition to a new stage of the formation of an innovative society, to build an economy based on the generation, distribution, transfer and use of knowledge. Ability to adapt capacity to the constantly changing environment is becoming the leading trend, the main source of material prosperity of civil society. And university rankings as indicators and tools of the competitiveness of universities certainly play an increasingly important role in the interaction of universities, businesses and states in the global educational space.

[Avralev N., Efimova I. Global university rankings as indicators of the implementation of the integration process and competitive tool in the context of globalization of higher education. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):648-652] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 98. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.98 

Keywords: competitiveness, university rankings, indicator, competitive tool, economy of knowledge

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National cultural specifics of representing dialecticisms in the fiction work translation

Rima Bizyanovna Kamaeva

Elabuga Institute of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazanskaya Street, 89, Yelabuga, 423604, Russia

Abstract. The subject of the article is the national peculiarity of conveying the functions of the Tatar dialecticisms in the foreign literature. Upon the comparison of the Tatar writers' historical prose language and its translations into Russian the national cultural specifics of the Tatar dialecticisms of different semantic groups is identified, the expediency of studying the linguistic units with the national and cultural semantic element in the context of transmitting the valuable information on the nation is supported.

[Kamaeva R.B. National cultural specifics of representing dialecticisms in the fiction work translation. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):653-656] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 99. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.99

Keywords: dialecticisms, literary language, local flavor, creative writer's skill, national cultural specifics

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Variants of phoneme /a/ in Tatar lingual areal

Madina Rashidovna Sattarova, Radif Rifkatovich Zamaletdinov, Raushaniya Sagdatzyanovna Nurmukhametova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The results of research of phoneme /a/ on the base specifics in Tatar language and characteristics of distribution of variants in Tatar lingual space are covered in the article. Some facts of the history of Tatar language forming and lingual contacts with representatives of other cultures may explain existence of several forms of phoneme /a/. Territorial isolation of some areals led to preserving more archaic phenomena. There had been also the influence of other languages. Variability of phoneme /a/ usage in central areal is the result of substrate, ethnic variety effect. Studying the nature of phoneme /a/ variants, specifics of distribution of their isoglottic lines in Tatar lingual space has great importance to solve some problems of the history of the people, ethnogeny of Tatars.

[Sattarova M.R., Zamaletdinov R.R., Nurmukhametova R.S. Variants of phoneme /a/ in Tatar lingual areal. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):657-660] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 100. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.100 

Keywords: areal linguistics, Tatar language, phoneme /a/, isoglottic line, ethnogeny

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Theoretical-legal principles of the public control institution

Akif Firudinovich Suleimanov¹, Bulat Bolatovich Doszhanov², Ershat Chilanovich Bopabaev², Bakyt Ersultan uly Aitzhan¹

¹Academy of Economics and Law, Egizbaev Street, 13, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan

²Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Dostyk ave.13, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan

Abstract. This work is dedicated to the one of the most acute issues - the problem of public control of the executive authority including law enforcement activity (administrative-jurisdictional) of the executive bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan.  The timeliness of the topic today consists in the fact that the system of governmental control of the executive authorities is not enough developed. This control is implemented through the powers of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Parliament, the Government, Security Council, prosecution agencies etc. At the same time the problem of public control in this sphere has not been significantly developed till modern days in our country. But if we turn our attention to the life and activity of some developed countries we will see that their public control institution takes the same key place as the governmental control, both in society and the state. This is proved by the system of public control of the police activity in many countries of the world and first of all in Great Britain, France, the USA and others.

[Suleimanov A.F., Doszhanov B.B., Bopabaev E.C., Aitzhan B.E. Theoretical-legal principles of the public control institution. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):661-663] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 101. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.101

Keywords: control, government control, super-department (outer) control, department (inner) control, public control

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Investigation of the Russian cultural context: business elite philosophy

Elena Sergeevna Sakharchuk¹ and Do Jong Kim²

¹Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Glavnaya Street, 99, Cherkizovo, 141221, Pushkinskiy district, Moscow Region, Russia

²Wonkwang University (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea), Jeonbuk, Iksan, 570749, Republic of Korea

Abstract. A social stratum that was informally termed the ‘New Russians’ deserves close scrutiny for the simple reason that it features all the same wide range of problems characteristic of the Russian society as a whole. Moreover, this range is not limited to the criminal sphere only, as many believe. The ‘New Russians’ represent a rather notable political force, instigating extremely destructive processes in the Russian economy. But, most importantly, the ‘New Russians’ are adherents of a particular philosophy that can be described as vulgar monetarism, which at the moment is being forcefully exerted on the Russian mentality, traditional moral values, and the culture of our country in general. First of all, we need to define the notion of the term the ‘New Russians’. It is clear that it denotes neither the modern Russian entrepreneurship, nor the criminal world (though, the activities of the ‘New Russians’ are always associated with both – entrepreneurship and crime). Actually, the fact that the ‘New Russians’ are filling up the business-criminal niche should be perceived only as a practical implementation of their monetarist thinking. And the very identification of this phenomenon should be based on determining the basic worldview of entrepreneurs form the ‘New Russians’ cohort. In the most general sense, the ‘New Russians’ follow the vulgar monetarist philosophy, according to which, the supreme value is assigned to money, the unconditional and universal global equivalent. Such perception of money can be called pan-monetarism, which, when it comes to some Russian businessmen, displays all the signs of a true paranoia, when money is no longer viewed as the measure of all values, but rather the world itself turns to be an equivalent of money and the very thing in existence becomes just one of characteristics, a modus of some universal monetary substance.

[Sakharchuk E.S., Kim D.J. Investigation of the Russian cultural context: business elite philosophy. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):664-669] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 102. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.102 

Keywords: money, monetarism, the ‘New Russians’, spirituality, entrepreneurship

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The vocabulary of Tatar literary language (the first half of the XX century)

Raushaniya Sagdatzyanovna Nurmukhametova, Radif Rifkatovich Zamaletdinov, Madina Rashidovna Sattarova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the topic of formation and development of vocabulary of the Tatar literary language in the first half of the XX century. This period is very complex for the life of Russia, which is characterized by revolutions, different innovations, military actions, postwar construction and rehabilitation of national economy etc. The vocabulary records all these processes, as it presents the most variable layer of language. The study of lexical system at the definite stage of language development provides the rich material not only to linguists, but also to sociologists, historians, cultural experts. As a research task, in this work the authors made an attempt to provide general characteristics of the vocabulary state of the Tatar literary language in the specified period, based on the materials of Tatar-Russian dictionaries.

[Nurmukhametova R.S., Zamaletdinov R.R., Sattarova M.R. The vocabulary of Tatar literary language (the first half of the XX century). Life Sci J 2014;11(10):670-673] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 103. . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.103 

Keywords: vocabulary, the Tatar language, borrowings, word-formation, dialect words

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Linguistic analysis of Tatar language textbooks for non-Russian students

Muslima Magesumovna Shakurova and Ramil Hamitovich Mirzagitov

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420111, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the volume, structure and content of Tatar language textbooks in historical and methodological plan, as well as with typical grammar mistakes, made when compiling the Tatar language textbooks for non-Russian students of the XX century. In the process of this work, alongside with the experience on teaching Russian language in Tatar school, the experience of teaching Tatar language to Russian students in pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia was studied. We analyzed the Tatar language textbooks of the first period of school existence, and also Soviet and modern textbooks of the XX century. The difficulties in grammar acquisition by pupils and Hungarian students are underlined in the work. The consideration of native language peculiarities, when compiling Tatar language textbooks, shall consist in thorough development of those grammatical forms, which are especially difficult for students, due to differences of Tatar and students' native language, and in use of translation, when teaching oral and written speech, in comparative grammar.

[Shakurova M.M., Mirzagitov R.H. Linguistic analysis of Tatar language textbooks for non-Russian students. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):674-677] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 104. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.104

Keywords: grammatical material, compiling of textbooks, Tatar language, participle, adverbial participle in Tatar and Hungarian languages, speech activity

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Research of thermal cycle parameters and surface condition of the samples from high-tension steel 30ХГСН2А at cylindrical external grinding

Dmitry Leonidovich Skuratov, Dmitry Viktorovich Evdokimov, Dmitry Gennadievich Fedorov

Samara State Aerospace University, Moskovskoye Shosse, 34, Samara, 443123, Russian Federation

Abstract. Description of composite and combined grinding wheels, which are used for research performance and lubricating - cooling elements, being a part of their content, is introduced. The parameters of thermal cycle under different machining conditions at the operation of cylindrical external grinding of the specimen rings from high –tension steel 30ХГСН2А and metastable diagrams of its condition, what allowed to predict possibility of structure changing occurrence in the surface layer of these rings.

[Skuratov D.L., Evdokimov D.V., Fedorov D.G. Research of thermal cycle parameters and surface condition of the samples from high-tension steel 30ХГСН2А at cylindrical external grinding. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):678-681] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 105 . doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.105

Keywords: cylindrical external grinding, high-tension steel, the thermal cycle parameters, the surface layer, structure of the material

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The methodological aspects of assessing the attractiveness of investments made into financial assets and real projects

Anatolij Ivanovich Strokov

Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Leningradskij prospect, 49, Moscow, 125468, Russia

Abstract. Activity of the modern industrial enterprises is determined by both external and internal factors. Accordingly, the sustainable development of economic entities depends on their ability to timely update and modernize their own activities in accordance with the disclosed transformations and changes in the external environment. Whereby, the renovation and modernization of the industrial and manufacturing enterprise activities require a significant amount of funding, which is not always possible to provide from their own sources and reserves. This in turn implies the need to attract investments into projects or securities issued by the organization to create the necessary financial resources. In turn, investors are willing to invest their temporarily available financial resources only into potentially profitable projects or assets; hence there is a justified need to study the investment attractiveness of the organization.

[Strokov A.I. The methodological aspects of assessing the attractiveness of investments made into financial assets and real projects. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):682-686] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 106. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.106

Keywords: investment attractiveness, investment activity, industrial organization, modernization, real investment, financial investment, methods of investment attractiveness evaluation

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Method of calculation solar radiation intensity and its application in solar dryers-greenhouses  for production of fruits and vegetables

Bekbossyn Kassymbayev¹, Aibek Atihanov¹, Dimitar Karaivanov², Zhandos Zhumagulov¹, Nurdan Mukatay¹, Nukhsat Okey¹

¹Kazakhstan National Agrarian University, Abay Ave, 8, Almaty, 0500108, Kazakhstan

²Chemical Technology and Metallurgy University, Ohridski Blvd 8 Kl., 1756, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria

Abstract. In the presented study measurements of solar energy flux density are discussed in a horizontal plane in Almaty area in 5 years term. Comparing obtained and the previously existed data, solar energy flux density can be characterized by mathematical model, which describes the intensity of solar radiation. Months are selected in the database, for which amount of solar energy in a horizontal plane is averaged in hours. A calculation of coefficients for direct exposure in angular planes is conducted and it is averaged over 300 (30 days × 10 solar hours) for sunny hours from May to September. Horizontal transfer coefficients in an inclined plane are calculated using well-known methods with direct radiation coefficients and average cloud cover.

[Kassymbayev B., Atihanov A., Karaivanov D., Zhumagulov Z., Mukatay N., Okey N. Method of calculation solar radiation intensity and its application in solar dryers-greenhouses  for production of fruits and vegetables. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):687-689] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 107. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.107 

Keywords: Solar dryer, solar energy, solar radiation, pyranometer, climate, greenhouse, solar systems, convective dryer

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Environmental issues in Kazakhstan: ecological movements

Bakhytzhan Kozhanberdyuly Akzharov, Tolganay Altynbekovna Ormysheva, Fatima Turarovna Kukeyeva, Klara Nadilbekovna Makasheva

al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article deals with various aspects of ecological associations and non-governmental organizations’ activities, as well as the state projects in Kazakhstan. A special attention is focused on the analysis of the events held to improve an ecological situation and also prove the need of reforming this sector in order to increase the efficiency of undertaken measures. The authors conclude the article with possible mechanisms of a larger involvement of citizens and increase the efficiency of NGO’s activity in the ecological sphere.

[Akzharov B.K., Ormysheva T.A., Kukeyeva F.T., Makasheva K.N. Environmental issues in Kazakhstan: ecological movements. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):690-693] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 108. doi:10.7537/marslsj111014.108

Keywords: Kazakhstan, environmental movement, ecological problems, NGO, "green economy", social movements

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