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Lung Function of Traffic Wardens Linked to Airborne Particulates in Nigeria

Precious N. Ede, Yingibo Pere

Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. preciousnwobidiede@gmail.com

Abstract: This study is about the possible effects of particulates air pollution on traffic wardens, especially on their lung function using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as a measure. A sample of forty nine traffic wardens at the busiest road junctions in the metropolis of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, were selected at random and tested for their PEFR. The ambient particulate matter at the heights of between five to six feet where they are expected to breath was measured. The study determined peak and off-peak periods of concentration by taking a thirteen hour measurement of the various particulate fractions (i.e., PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₇, PM₁₀ and TSP) in the ambient air. Particulates concentrations ranged between 46 – 358 µgm^-3 and the Nigerian and WHO standards were exceeded in many instances. The mean PEFR of wardens who worked indoors was 419.2 Lmin^-1, while for those who worked outdoors it was 474.7 Lmin^-1. Taking 450 Lmin^-1 as a threshold, since normal lung function lies between 350 and 450 Lmin^-1., wardens with the least PEFR are those with the greatest exposure to particulates and the length of exposure was related to the number of years in service and age. Evidence in the literature suggests that particulates stimulation of the respiratory system is responsible for the reduced PEFR of exposed subjects. Wardens working outdoor should be made to work lesser hours and no group of persons in the police force should be made to work outdoor exclusively. There should be rotation of duty to ensure that no person is unduly over exposed to particulate concentration to avoid reduction in PEFR which may predispose such persons to respiratory illnesses. Standards and limits for particulates exposure in work places, including outdoors should be introduced to safeguard the health of wardens and the population as whole.

[Ede PN, Pere Y. Lung Function of Traffic Wardens Linked to airborne Particulates in Nigeria. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):1-8]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.01

Keywords: lung function; traffic warden; particulate pollution, Port Harcourt.

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Varietal Performance And Effect Of Planting Method On Yield And Yield Contributing Characteristics Of Rice

M. M. Hasan, Md. Amirul Alam, M. Monjurul Alam Mondal and Adam B. Puteh^*

¹Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: adam@upm.edu.my

Abstract: The experiment was carried out to study the performance of two aman rice varieties (BRRI dhan31 and BRRI dhan41) under different planting methods (line sowing with sprouted seeds by drum seeder, haphazard transplanting and transplanting in line). Both the variety and planting method had significant effect on crop characters plant height, number of total tillers m-2, effective tillers m-2, grains panicle-1, sterile spikelets panicle-1, total spikelets panicle-1, grain yield except panicle length and 1000-grain weight. BRRI dhan41 produced the highest grain yield (4.06 t ha-1). Line sowing method with sprouted seeds by drum seeder showed better performance in respect of no. total tillers m-2 (415.81), effective tillers m-2 (401.85) and grain yield (4.80 t ha-1). The highest no. of total tillers m-2 (421.12), effective tillers m-2 (410.65) and grain yield (5.08 t ha-1) were recorded due to effect of the interaction of line sowing method with sprouted seeds by drum seeder and the variety BRRI dhan41.

[M. M. Hasan, Md. Amirul Alam, M. Monjurul Alam Mondal and Adam B. Puteh. Varietal Performance And Effect Of Planting Method On Yield And Yield Contributing Characteristics Of Rice. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):9-13]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.02

Keywords: Rice, Planting method, Variety, Yield, T-aman.

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The Systematic Review on Physical Activity in Urban Neighborhoods

Vahid Bigdeli Rad*¹, Hamed Najafpour², Ibrahim Ngah¹, Esmaeil Shieh³, Hamid Bigdeli Rad⁴

¹Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia

²Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia

³ Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

⁴Department of Transportation Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Vahid.Bigdeli@gmail.com, Najafpour.Hamed@gmail.com, B-Ibrhim@utm.my, Es_Shieh@iust.ac.ir, Hamid.Bigdeli29@gmail.com

Abstract: Physical activity considers as factor to make the urban neighborhoods more vibrant and alive. Besides of the physical activity’s advantages for urban neighborhoods in urbanization fields, the health advantages highlighted by many scholars as one other important advantage of existing physical activity in urban neighborhoods. Based on the significance of physical activity in urban neighborhoods, this review article aims on establishing the factors associating with physical activity improvement or failures in urban neighborhoods. To do so, 25 research articles associating with physical activity in urban neighborhoods were evoked and reviewed. Despite of the existing result’s inconsistencies, the significant factors affecting physical activity in urban neighborhoods are revealed. Most of undertaken articles that were focused on statistical strategies were validated and reliable physical activity is standardized. Moreover, the possible moderation of effects are surely investigated and warranted.

[Bigdeli Rad V, Najafpour H, Ngah I, Shieh E, Bigdeli Rad H. The Systematic Review on Physical Activity in Urban Neighborhoods. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):14-22]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.03

Keywords: Physical Activity, Urban Neighborhood.

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A Novel Face Detection and Tracking Method Based on Feature Weighting

Yehong Chen¹, Pil Seong Park²

^1. School of Information, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China

^2. Department of Computer Science, University of Suwon, Gyunggi-do 445-743, Korea

chenyh@spu.edu.cn

Abstract: We propose a tracking algorithm based on image classification involving online feature weighting. The algorithm uses automatically produced general Haar-like features through feature extraction and feature selection using an online-built object model, and combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA, a generative method) and Fisher´s Discriminative Analysis (FDA, a discriminative method). That is, we first train the Fisher classifier to distinguish the foreground candidates from background. Then target matching is performed based on similarity with PCA codes of the candidates in feature vectors. The discriminating function of Fisher classifier is a linear combination of the weighted feature values. We also propose a feature discriminative power evaluation equation based on multi-class FDA which gives more discriminative results between the foreground and background. Both the PCA and FDA are online updated to adapt to variation in the images of the tracked object over time, e.g., by noise, occlusion, or a cluttered background. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves detection accuracy when compared with some competitive algorithms.

[Chen Y, Park PS. A Novel Face Detection and Tracking Method Based on Feature Weighting. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):23-28]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.04

Keywords: FDA; PCA; Discriminative Power; Feature Weight; Online Update;

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Production of Alginate by Different Isolates of Azotobacter species.

^1-2Gehan F. Galal, ^1-3Sahar M. Ouda

^1. Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science and Education (Girls)- Al-Khurmah, Taif University; KSA.

². Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt

³.Department of Plant Research, Nuclear research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

sabry_hassanin@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ten Azotobacter chroococum isolates Were isolated from different soil sample collected from El- Khurma Governorate. KSA.The highest alginate yield on production media were obtained by Azotobacter Isolates n.1 and n.8. Biomass and alginate production by Azotobacter isolates were studied under shake flasks and fermentor as a batch culture. The optimum conditions to enhancement of biomass and alginate production by the two isolates were investigated. The highest biomass and alginate yield was obtained in about 5days incubation period on optimum medium at 28°C and 170 rpm shaking speed. The viscosity of the culture broth was 99 and 91 Cp. and the alginate concentration reached 3.4 g/l and 2.8 g/l by Azotobacter n.8 and n.1 respectively. The alginate production by Azotobacter n.1 and n.8 in batch culture under optimal conditions was studied using 3-L stirred tank bioreactor using Azotobacter n. 8.on producing media with 1.0% potato starch as a carbon source and 0.8 corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source. The maximal alginate productivity and yield % were 102.78 and 37.0% at 600 rpm after 42 hr incubation period at 28°C under controlled pH culture at 7.0.

[Gehan F. Galal and Sahar M. Ouda. Production of Alginate by Different Isolates of Azotobacter species. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):29-38]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.05

Key words: Alignate Production, Azotobacter sp., carbon sources, Nitrogen sources and Fermentation process.

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Unicentric Castleman's Disease Radiologically Mimicking Retroperitoneal Neoplasm, A Report Of Two Cases And Review Of The Literature

Raha Alahmadi¹, MD, MRCS, Saud Almuhammadi¹, MD, FRCSC, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi^2,3, MD, FRCPC

Department of Surgery¹, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine²,Department Of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (Gen Org) Jeddah Branch, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pathology^3,Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

jalmaghrabi@hotmail.com

Abstract: Castleman’s disease (CD) is a rare benign disorder characterized by hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue that may develop at a single site or throughout the body. CD comprises at least two distinct diseases (unicentric (localized) and multicentric) with very different prognoses. Surgery remains the main treatment for resectable unicentric CD. The two principal histologic subtypes of CD are hyaline-vascular, plasma cell variants and a mixed variant. We report two cases of unicentric Castleman’s disease (UCD) treated at our institute that mimic retroperitoneal neoplasm and cured by surgical excision. We review the literature on the management of this rare entity and concentrate more on UCD.

[Raha Alahmadi, Saud Almuhammadi and Jaudah Al-Maghrabi. Unicentric Castleman's Disease Radiologically MimickingRetroperitoneal Neoplasm, A Report Of Two Cases And Review Of The Literature. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):39-44]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.06

Key words: Castleman’s disease (CD), retroperitoneal mass, unicentric Castleman’s disease (UCD), Giant lymph node hyperplasia.

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Virtue Epistemology and Psychology of Education

Karimov, Artur Ravilevich

Faculty of Philosophy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

ArRKarimov@kpfu.ru

Abstract: The main difference between “traditional” epistemology and virtue epistemology is outlined. The relevance of virtue epistemology to philosophy of education is set out. The ramifications of two main branches of virtue epistemology – virtue reliabilism and virtue responsibilism – for education are analyzed. The significance of cognitive agency for knowledge is shown. The importance of first-order and second-order cognitive faculties is maintained. The role of testimonial knowledge for education and problems it poses for virtue epistemology is exposed. It is proposed that testimonial knowledge could be virtuous provided that it is attained in epistemically friendly environment. The status of intellectual autonomy as a cardinal intellectual virtue is defended. The goal of nurturing intellectual autonomy in education is explained. The problem of educating intellectual virtues is discussed. Contemporary virtue epistemology is compared with Russian tradition of “developmental education” of Elkonin and Davydov. The role of mutual cooperation between students for attaining intellectual virtues is stressed.

[Karimov, Artur Ravilevich. Virtue Epistemology and Psychology of Education. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):45-50]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.07

Keywords: virtue epistemology, philosophy of education, testimonial knowledge, intellectual autonomy, developmental education.

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A New Classification of Vitreous Base Avulsion

Wen Liu, Shan Xue, , Peng Chen, Yan-Qing Gao, Meng Ping Chen,Yan Li Ji

The Second People’s Hospital Of Zhengzhou,the Zhengzhou Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China. liuwen@public.guangzhou.gd.cn

Abstract: Objective: Redefinition and classification of vitreous base avulsion (VBA) adapt to the clinical need for diagnosis and treatment of it. Design: A retrospective consecutive case observation. Participants: Ninety-eight consecutive patients (98 eyes) with VBA included 23 patients with closed-globe injury, 46 with open-globe injury, 17 with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 6 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 4 with vitreous hemorrhage caused by miscellaneous diseases, and 2 with acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Methods: The ora serrata and the pars plana were examined carefully using a slit-lamp biomicroscopy combining with depressing Goldmann three-mirror lens before operation and observed under the surgical microscope with scleral indentation during the scleral buckling or vitrectomy surgery. The samples obtained from the operations were examined histopathologically. Main outcome measures: The VBA was classified into the acute and the chronic according to the happening times and was subdivided into two subtypes of surgery and eye trauma based on the causes. The acute VBA was defined that the avulsion concurred at the same time of trauma and surgery, and the chronic that was occurred after one month of open-globe injury and surgery. Results: The VBA was acute traumatic in 24 cases, acute intraoperative in 64 cases, chronic posttraumatic in 8 cases and chronic postoperative in 2 cases. The histopathology presented that a sheet of the nonpigmented epithelium linked to the peripheral retina in all specimens of acute traumatic and intraoperative VBA, but that the pigmented epithelium was found in the some cases. The samples of chronic posttraumatic and postoperative VBA were similar in the morphology, in which the retina, ciliary epithelia and proliferative fibrous tissues could be detected. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of VBA can be divided into two types as acuteness and chronicity and two subtypes as trauma and surgery. They are all attributed to an acute or chronic vitreous traction on the vitreous base. It is most common in the cases of eye trauma, vitreous surgery and cataract surgery with vitreous loss.

[Wen Liu, Shan Xue, Peng Chen, Yan-Qing Gao, Meng Ping Chen, Yan Li Ji. A New Classification of Vitreous Base Avulsion. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):51-56]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.08

Keywords: The conventional vitreous base avulsion; eye trauma; vitreous surgery; retinal detachment.

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Competitive Strategy Priorities for Insurance Businesses in Kazakhstan

Zatira Karbetova¹, Sholpan Karbetova², Karlygash Otyzbayeva³, Kuralay Sakibaeva⁴ Adaskhan Daribayeva⁵, Nazigul Zhanakova⁶

^{1, 4, 5} Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, 7 Zhubanov Str. Astana, 010005, Kazakhstan.

² Kazakh State Teacher Training University, 99 Aiteke Str., Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan.

³ L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2 Mirzoyana Str., Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan.

⁶ Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, 24B Villiams str., Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan.

kzr_2011@mail.ru, sholpa56@mail.ru, karlygash2007@rambler.ru, daribaeva_kak@mail.ru., nazikzhan@mail.ru, Keroline80@mail.ru

Abstract: We investigate the competitive strategy priorities in insurance businesses of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In today’s business surroundings, problems linked to the research of strategic opportunities, involving the competitive power of the insurance market have become important. Strategic prospects in the insurance market are of great importance because they are related to work done by specific lending and investment institutions. it is particularly important to identify trends and patterns in the development of the domestic insurance market industry, study financial relations, and investigate the definition of the priorities of competitive strategy for insurance firms. These facts will certainly bring about practical recommendations for improvements of the country.

[Karbetova Z, Karbetova Sh, Otyzbayeva K, Sakibaeva K, DaribayevaA, Zhanakova N. Competitive Strategy Priorities for Insurance Businesses in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):57-65]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.09

Keywords: market, insurance, investment, competitive strategy, competitive power, insurance reserves.

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Detection and Scoring of Internet Slangs for Sentiment Analysis Using SentiWordNet

Fazal Masud Kundi¹, Shakeel Ahmad^1, Aurangzeb Khan², Muhammad Zubair Asghar¹

¹Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan

²Institute of Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Pakistan

fmkundi@gu.edu.pk, zubair_icit@yahoo.com

Abstract: The online information explosion has created great challenges and opportunities for both information producers and consumers. Understanding customer’s feelings, perceptions and satisfaction is a key performance indicator for running successful business. Sentiment analysis is the digital recognition of public opinions, feelings, emotions and attitudes. People express their views about products, events or services using social networking services. These reviewers excessively use Slangs and acronyms to express their views. Therefore, Slang's analysis is essential for sentiment recognition. This paper presents a framework for detection and scoring of Internet Slangs (DSIS) using SentiWordNet in conjunction with other lexical resources. The comparative results show that proposed system outperforms the existing systems.

[Fazal Masud Kundi, Shakeel Ahmad, Aurangzeb Khan, Muhammad Zubair Asghar. Detection and Scoring of Internet Slangs for Sentiment Analysis Using SentiWordNet. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):66-72]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.10

Keywords: Sentiment Analysis; Slangs; Microblogs; Social Media; Semantic Orientation.

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Numerical Solutions of Quadratic Integral Equations

Bakodah H.O.¹ and Mohamed Abdalla Darwish^1,2

¹Department of Mathematics, Sciences Faculty for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

hbakodah@kau.edu.sa, dr.madarwish@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper, some numerical methods apply for solving quadratic integral equations. A comparative between the methods present from some examples to show the efficiency of each method.

[Bakodah H.O. and Mohamed Abdalla Darwish. Numerical Solutions of Quadratic Integral Equations. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):73-77]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.11

Keywords: Quadratic integral equation; Adomian decomposition method; quadrature rules.

2000          mathematics Subject Classification. 65R20; 45G10; 33D45.

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Analysis Of An Ac-Dc Full-Controlled Converter Supplying Dc Series Motor Parallel With An Inductive R-L Load

Mohammed M. Al-Hindawi , Yusuf A Al-Turki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

mar7636@hotmail.com

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the detailed study of performance characteristics of an ac-dc full-controlled converter supplying dc series motor parallel with an inductive R-L load. The converter-loads combination is simulated on a digital computer. Different modes of operation (continuous and discontinuous converter currents) are considered. A formula is derived for the critical firing angle. Different performance parameters are studied for both constant motor horsepower level and constant firing angle. The effects of variation of the passive load phase angle and impedance have been studied. In order to verify the accuracy and validity of the analysis presented, the converter-loads combination has been assembled and investigated experimentally.

[Al-Hindawi M, Al-Turki Y. Analysis Of An Ac-Dc Full-Controlled Converter Supplying Dc Series Motor Parallel With An Inductive R-L Load. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):78-92]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.12

Keywords: Controlled rectifiers; AC-DC converters; Full-controlled converters; Series-motor parallel with an inductive R-L load.

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The effect propofol and thiopental on neonate Apgar in induction of cesarean section Anesthesia: A comparative study

Reza Sahraei¹, Masoud Ghanei²*, Mohammad Radmehr², Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi³

^1. Research center for Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

^2. Department of Anesthesiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

^3. Research center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

sahraeir@sums.ac.ir

Abstract: Neonatal Apgar reduction, at the beginning of childbirth, is one of the most important causes of postnatal death. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of thiopental with that of propofol on neonate Apgar cesarean and on their mothers hemodynamics. This prospective and double-blind clinical trial study was carried out on 108 women, who were divided in group I or group II according ASA (American Society of Anesthesialogist), whom were selected for cesarean section in Jahrom university of medical sciences hospitals. Anesthesia induced with thiopental and propofol in one group in another then these parameters were recorded: time interval of anesthetic induction to extraction of neonate Apgar score, 1 and 5 min after birth, the blood pressure of anesthetic induction, were delivered by a blood pressure problem before of endotracheal intubation, blood pressure were delivered by a after of neonate after extraction and were delivered by a pulse rate of anesthetic induction were delivered by a before and after. The results were analyzed using Spss software and T test. No statistically significant differences were found for vitality between the two groups of neonates (P > 0.05) but the hemodynamic changes of mothers showed significant differences in the two groups (P < 0.05). The result of this study showed that propofol can be more appropriate than thiopental for induction of anesthesia in caesarean section and has no effect on the hemodynamic changes and newborns Apgar score.

[Sahraei R, Ghanei M, Radmehr M, Jahromi AS,. The effect propofol and thiopental on neonate Apgar in induction of cesarean section Anesthesia: A comparative study. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):93-95]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.13

Keywords: Propofol, Thiopental, Newborn Apgar.

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Increasing Catfish Production as a try to Combat Growth Crayfish in the River Nile and its Branches

¹Noor El- Deen, A. I.; ¹ Mona, S. Zaki and ²Shalby, S.I.

¹Hydrobiology Department, Vet. Division, NRC, Cairo, Egypt

²Reproduction Department, Vet. Division, NRC, Cairo, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The objective of this review is to increase the production of the catfish species as a try to solve the problem of crayfish fingerlings continuous growth in the River Nile and a try to decrease the Crayfish dangers on the ecological system. It will also give an approach to the economic and social values of this research. Three approaches will be used to accomplish this goal. The first will focus on artificial reproduction of catfish. The second approach will be the identification and control of nuisance algae. The third will focus on the use of catfish as a predator for the young generation of Crayfish in River Nile and its branches. The project well be divided into three major sections dealing with:- general biology, including feeding habits and reproduction; artificial reproduction, including induced propagation without and through hormone injection; fry nursing in earthen ponds, including pond preparation, fertilization, feeding and management. In addition, information will be provided concerning the economics of different fingerling and grow-out farming practices in River Nile and its branches, Egypt, and there affecting on Crayfish fingerlings.

[Noor El- Deen, A. I.; Mona, S. Zaki and Shalby, S. I. Increasing Catfish Production as a try to Combat Growth Crayfish in the River Nile and its Branches. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):96-98]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.14

Key word: Catfish-Crayfish-project-River Nile-reproduction.

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Fish Production in the Presumed Lake of Qattara Depression

¹Noor El- Deen, A. I.; ¹ Mona,S.Zaki and ²Shalby,S.I.

¹Hydrobiology Department, Vet. Division, NRC, Cairo, Egypt

²Reproduction Department, Vet. Division, NRC, Cairo, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Egypt is importing about 640,000 tons of fish annually. It costs Egyptian economy about 250 million dollars. Sea coast around Egypt is about 2,000 Km. To overcome this problem, about 200,000 acres of fish farms were constructed during the last decade, but due to explosion of population number to 86 millions, these farms were not adequate for solving this problem. Due to unavailability of freshwater resources, fish farms could not be increased. Construction of Qattara Depression project with filling of sea water from Mediterranean Sea may increase fish production from the resultant lake. The surface area of the lake will be around 12,100 square Km. A research review is needed to know the exact production of fish from the presumed lake after finishing Qattara depression. This study will be done in laboratory aquaria in National Research Center and also in cement ponds in one of the governorates on the North Sea coast (Kafr El-Sheikh). A field study will be done in 5 earthen ponds. It is predicted that fish production from the project will be around 150,000 tons of fish without fertilization and about 500,000 tons of fish with fertilization Aim of this study Is to asses fish production in the presumed lake of Qattara Depression with or without fertilization

[Noor El- Deen, A. I.; Mona, S. Zaki and Shalby, S.I. Fish Production in the Presumed Lake of Qattara Depression. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):99-101]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.15

Key words: Phytoplankton, Global warming , Al Qattara depression, fish production .

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Ubiquitous Learning System (ULS) based on Adaptive Media Streaming techniques: Case study at Taibah University

Mohamed Menacer*, Ali Al Mogbel**, Amar Arbaoui*, Oussama Elmarai*, Ammar Abbachi*

*College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University

** College of Education, Taibah University

{mmenacer, amogbel, aarbaoui, aabbachi }@taibahu.edu.sa

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a Ubiquitous learning System (ULS) based on adaptive media streaming techniques. The ULS system has been implemented as a core system within the Ubiquitous Learning Environment used at the College of Computer Science and Engineering, at Taibah University. Students are able to access the various learning services and applications using smart phones, PDAs, laptops, or any mobile devices within the wireless network coverage of the College. Dedicated Mobile Learning Applications and Services have been developed for both students and instructors to use in the Ubiquitous learning environment. Due to the increasing penetration of smart phones and tablets alike, and the enormous usage of video media content nowadays, the need to develop a dedicated video streaming system dedicated to Ubiquitous learning becomes a necessity to support and attract students to use and interact with relevant multimedia learning objects and resources made available at the college. The ULS is an adaptive system composed of three main services: Video-on-Demand (VoD), scheduled programs (WebTV), and Live Event. Depending on the client type, PC-based or Handheld devices, two different streaming techniques are used to ensure reliable media delivery in an efficient and adaptive manner. PC-based clients are characterized by high hardware performance and relatively stable bandwidth compared to handheld devices. In such case, traditional streaming using RTSP over UDP is used. In the case of handheld devices, DASH technology using HTTP is used to dynamically adapt the bitrate to the frequent bandwidth fluctuations due to the nature of such devices and most importantly the mobility of the user. The proposed video streaming system dedicated to Ubiquitous learning environment provides an original approach and offers rich features for learning.

[Mohamed Menacer, Ali Al Mogbel, Amar Arbaoui, Oussama Elmarai, Ammar Abbachi. Ubiquitous Learning System (ULS) based on Adaptive Media Streaming techniques: Case study at Taibah University. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):102-113]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.16

Keywords: Ubiquitous Learning, eLearning, mLearning, Adaptive video streaming, Video-on-Demand (VoD), WebTV.

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[Life Sci J 2014;11(9):114-125]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.17

 Withdrawn

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Steganography Technique for Embedding Secure Data into the Image Regions with Abrupt Changes

Osama Hosam^{1, 2}, Zohair Malki¹

^1. Computer Science Department, Computer Science and Engineering College in Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.

^2. Computer Graphics Dept. IRI, The City for Scientific Research, Alexandria, Egypt

mohandesosama@yahoo.com, zmalki22@gmail.com

Abstract: In digital communications, Steganography is defined as the science of embedding secure data into digital media when transferring the digital media through insecure channel. Human Visual System (HVS) and statistical methods must not be able to detect the embedded data. We have developed new technique based on feature extraction. A Gaussian pyramid is created with multi-resolution images, for each image the features are extracted and then the multi-resolution images are combined to create a complexity measure for each feature. We have selected the region with the highest complexity to embed the secure data. Results show high quality of the stego-images when compared with the similar methods.

[Osama Hosam, Zohair Malki. Steganography Technique for Embedding Secure Data into the Image Regions with Abrupt Changes. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):126-130]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.18

Keywords: Steganography, Watermarking, Embedding, Hiding, Feature Extraction, Histogram Segmentation, Multi-resolution analysis.

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The Economic Analysis of Biofuel Production: Case Study in Jordan

Mohammad I. Majdalawi; Tala Qtaishat; Mohammad A. S. Tabieh and Houthaifa M. Alqubilat

Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13899, Amman 11942, Jordan.

m.majdalawi@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: The world is facing many global challenges, such as sustainable production methods, and adapting to climate change. As a result of the climate change and the developing of the living standard of the people, the pressure on energy and water resource is increasing, and pollution of the air and water as well as the degradation of land are increasing in a tremendous way and will continue to grow. In Jordan, as a poor water country, a low quantity of rainfall, especially in southern Jordan, is a major cause of drought. Consequently, producers will face a bigger productivity drop. Cultivating special plants to produce energy and producing biofuel are considered alternative energy sources. Analysing the use of these alternatives is very complex because the technical issue, environmental, social and economic impact should be assessed. Nevertheless, using scare resources, such as water, and the impact on food security are other variables that should be considered. This study focuses on producing biofuel in an agricultural area from an economic point of view, with specific attention on food and water security as well as the environmental impact. The study depended on a case study that applies planting Jatropha to produce biofuel. As a conclusion the producing oil from Jatropha has high potential to be profitable. Socially and environmentally of producing biofuel from Jatropha is will not be on competition in using the resources with other crops, because it could be planted in marginal land and using low quality water. The growing global demand for liquid biofuel has been seen as a way to create new employment opportunities through the work in the farms or in the biofuel factories, thus leading to increase income generation and rural development, in addition to saving the energy from other sources.

[Mohammad I. Majdalawi; Tala Qtaishat; Mohammad A. S. Tabieh and Houthaifa M. Alqubilat. The Economic Analysis of Biofuel Production: Case Study in Jordan. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):131-136]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.19

Key words: Biofiel, Jatropha, Environmental impact, treated wastewater.

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Investigation of Condition, Creativity and Performance of Teamwork in Malaysian Construction Companies

Mohd Wira Mohd Shafie¹, Milad Samari ¹

^1. School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang Malaysia

milad.s1366@gmail.com

Abstract. In this decade, a rising wave of continuous change has moved our community. This wave tried to change the situation of organizations around the world. This condition led to increasing need for group activities in the human society, one of which is construction industry. Teamwork plays a significant role in successes of an organization. Based on a combination of literature research and questionnaire surveys, this paper investigates the current situation of teamwork in construction firms and tries to find critical factors in order to increase creativity and performance of teamwork. To do so, 837 questionnaires survey were distributed in construction firms in Malaysia from which 347 were returned. Descriptive and factor analysis methods were used to analyze the collected date. SPSS software version 19.0 was used for quantitative analysis. This paper found that the current situation teamwork in construction firms in Malaysia is satisfied. It was discovered that creativity has a strong relation to the three categories including employee personality, work environment and company rules and regulations. In addition, efficient management is key factor in improving team performance in firms context in Malaysia.

[Mohd Wira Mohd Shafie, Milad Samari. Investigation of Condition, Creativity and Performance of Teamwork in Malaysian Construction Companies. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):137-148]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.20

Keywords: Teamwork, Condition, Creativity, Performance, Construction.

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The Antioxidant Activity of Desert Rose (Adenium arabicum) Leaves On Hyper Cholesterolemic Male Rats

Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

aalsieni@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The leaf powder of desert rose (Adenium arabicum) was supplemented orally in the diet to hypercholesterolemic male Albino rats for 8 weeks to test its antioxidant activity and its effect on lipid peroxidation. Eighteen male rats weighing 180-200 gm were divided into three groups. The first group is untreated control group fed normal diet, the second group was fed 2% cholesterol in diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (positive control group), and the third group was fed 2% cholesterol (to induce hypercholesterolemia) and treated with 500 mg/kg body weight rose leaf powder for 8 weeks. The positive control group showed a significant increase in lipid peroxide and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes; glutathione reduced (GSH), serum glutathione reductase (GR) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum and tissue homogenate. Moreover, histopathology of liver and kidney in the positive control group showed histopathological changes compared with the negative control ones. Treating the hypercholesterlemic rats with desert rose leaves increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased lipid peroxide. In addition, the histopathology of the studied organs was also recovered and seemed normal after desert rose treatment. In conclusion, desert rose leaves have an important anti-oxidant activity, decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the tissues of the kidney and liver of hypercholesterolemic rats under study.

[Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni. The Antioxidant Activity of Desert Rose (Adenium arabicum) Leaves In Hyper Cholesterolemic Male Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):149-158]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.21

Key words: antioxidant, lipid peroxide, rats, desert rose, histopathology.

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AKIN Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients

Ahmed Alsherif ¹, HishamDarwesh¹, MervatEldamarawy¹, Ahmed Shawky², AzzaEmam²and Maha Mohsen²

¹ Critical Care Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI)

² Department of Medicine, University of Ain Shams

Drwesh123@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background. The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group has published a consensus definition/classification system for acute kidney injury (AKI) termed the RIFLE criteria. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) group has recently proposed modifications to this system. It is currently unknown whether there are advantages between these criteria. Methods .We interrogated 100 Adult critically ill cirrhotic patients for which RIFLE and AKIN criteria where done. Aim of the work. Comparison of RIFLE and AKIN criteria for AKI in critically ill cirrhotic Patients. Results. This study was performed on 100 cirrhotic patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit in the hospital of Theodore Bilharz Research Institute. According to the RIFLE classification, there were 40 Non-ARF patients, 22 RIFLE-R patients, 8 RIFLE-I patients and 30 RIFLE-F patients. According to AKIN criteria there were 38 Non-ARF patients, 24 (Stage 1) patients, 8 (Stage 2) patients and 30 (Stage 3) patients. The Non-Survivor group had a significantly longer duration of hospital stay than the Survivor group. There was insignificant correlation between RIFLE / AKIN score and the LOS (length of stay) as the R= 0.135 and p value = 0.179. RIFLE and AKIN classifications studied in this study were highly predictive of poor outcome in cirrhotic patients at different cut-off points as studied by ROC curve analysis. The patients’ ages were ranging from 43 to 73with a mean age of 59±8.06 years. Conclusion. Compared to the RIFLE criteria, the AKIN criteria do not materially improve the sensitivity, robustnessand predictive ability of the definition and classification ofafter admission to ICU.

Ahmed Alsherif, Hisham Darwesh, Mervat Eldamarawy, Ahmed Shawky, Azza Emamand Maha Mohsen. AKIN Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients. Life Sci J2014;11(9):159-165] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.22

Keywords acute kidney injury; acute renal failure; AKIN;critically ill; RIFLE.

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Leaders’ Power and Downward Influence Tactics: The Impact of Power Congruence

May Chiun Lo

Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia

mclo@feb.unimas.my

Abstract: Congruency has been a central concept in certain fields such as job design work values, organizational goal, and many others. There are a few factors that suggest that agreement between supervisors’ and subordinates’ are critical determinants of the liking and exchange processes. This research incorporates a basic distinction between the agent and target. Three hundred and eighty-five pairs of Malaysian managers and executives voluntarily participated in this study. The findings suggested that when both supervisors and subordinates were perceived to have position power, the use of hard influence tactics was most apparent and vice versa. Implications of the findings, potential limitations of the study, and directions for future research were discussed further.

[Lo MC. Leaders’ Power and Downward Influence Tactics: The Impact of Power Congruence. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):166-174]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.23

Keywords: Leaders’ power; downward influence tactics; power congruence; hard influence.

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Priorities of information technologies in education system in Kazakhstan

Ivilgaziev A.E.¹, Besekey E.²

Kazakh Economics University named after T.Ryskulov, 050035, Zhandossov street, 55, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

e_rki_n@mail.ru

Abstract: The article analyzes the development of higher education in Kazakhstan. The main fields of application of information technology, a systematic approach in the evaluation and management examines the factors affecting the development of the university management, identify indicators that affect the efficiency of the use of information resources, as well as set and methodological aspects of the implementation of new educational standards.

[Ivilgaziev A.E. Priorities of information technologies in education system in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):175-179]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.24

Keywords: information technology, information systems, higher education, management of the higher education institution, the educational process, educational activity.

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Functional properties of antimicrobial peptides extracted from hens’ platelets

Sheyda Elena, Sipaylova Olga, Kvan Olga, Notova Svetlana, Nesterov Dmitriy, Rusakova Elena, Kosyan Dianna, Duskaev G.

FSEE HPE «Orenburg state university», Contact: avenue Pobedy, 13, h. 16, r. 307, Orenburg, Russia, 460018, tel: 89225485657. E-mail: kwan111@yandex.ru

kwan111@yandex.ru

Abstract: Analysis of studied literature showed that there were only single, sometimes conflicting data on existing birds’ thrombodefensins, their antimicrobial activity. The problem of birds’TD influence on persistent properties and microorganisms’ ability to form biofilms hasn’t been studied yet. This determined purposes of our research – the aim is to study some functional properties of antimicrobial peptides extracted from hens’ platelets. Objective. Antimicrobial peptides were extracted from various tissues of vertebrates and human, special significance is taken on by the antimicrobial peptides which were extracted from platelets and have antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic and anticancer activity. Materials and methods. At the terminal stage of fattening acid-soluble proteins of broiler chick’s platelets were got by means of the method of low-pH extraction [6]. Protein content in these low-pH extracts were determined with the method by M.M. Bradford (1979) with using of CoomassieBrilliantBlueG-250 dye (SIGMA, Germany) [7]. Antimicrobial properties of the acid-soluble proteins from platelets were estimated in vitro by means of the plate method in the case of Gram-positive microorganism Bacillussubtilis83. The concentration inhibiting growth of 50% of colonies compared to the control was considered as the minimal bactericidalconcentration (MBC). The preparation activity was re-counted taking in account the protein content in low-pH extract. Spectrum of antimicrobial activity of acid-soluble proteins from platelets was determined in the case of such cultures: Bacilluscereus, Micrococcusluteus, Staphylococcusaureus, Enterococcusfaecalis, EscherichiacoliК12, Klebsiellapneumoniaе 278, Enterobactercloacae, Candidaalbicans. Influence of various TD concentrations on anti-lactoferrin activity (ALfA) was determined on thesecultures: Escherichiacoli К12, EnterococcusfaecalisиCandidaalbicans. Studying of TD persistency regulation was accomplished in two stages. In the first stage we extracted clones by plating 24 hours’ culture on solid nutrient medium according instructions by Miller (1976) [4]. Then we chose a clone with the highest level of ALfA. In the second stage we studied ingluence of TD dilutions on ALfA of microorganism by co-incubation. ALfA of microorganisms was determined by means of complex of apparatuses for enzymeimmunoassay by “STAT FAX” using sets for lactoferrin determination “Lactoferrin-EIA-BEST” by “Vektor-BEST”, which was evaluated in ng/ml [2]. Estimation of low-pH platelet extract influence on the ability to form a biofilm we did in vitro in the case ofcultures capable of biofilm formation: Enterobactercloacae(3 strains), Enterobacteragglomerans, StaphylococcusaureusР 209, Klebsiellapneumoniaе 278, Сandidaalbicans(3 strains) [40]. Activity level was counted as ratio A492test/A492control. Measure more 1,1 were considered as a positive result. Results and Discussion. Summing up our findings we should note: at first, there are antibiotics owning a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action in hens’ platelets, at second, platelet cationic proteins are capable to change biological properties of microorganisms, these properties determine their interaction with macroorganism, which can be used in working out a new class of antimicrobial preparations in perpective. Annotaion: In platelets of agricultural birds (broiler chicks) there were discovered antimicrobial peptides–thrombodefensins (TD), which possess a broad spectrum of action in the case of Gram-negative, Gram-positivebacteria’s forms and Candidaalbicans.Thrombodefensins exert multidirectional influence on biological characteristic of microorganisms: they inhibitanti-lactoferrin activity (ALfA)and exert modifying influence on biofilm formation.

[Sheyda Elena, Sipaylova Olga, Kvan Olga, Notova Svetlana, Nesterov Dmitriy, Rusakova Elena, Kosyan Dianna, Duskaev Galimghan. Functional properties of antimicrobial peptides extracted from hens’ platelets. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):180-184]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.25

Keywords:cationicantimicrobial peptides, thrombodefensins, broiler chicks, bacteria, persistence, biofilms.

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Improvement the shelf life of minced beef

Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy^*1  Kamal Ibrahim Eldesoky² and Alaa Eldin Morshdy¹

¹Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia governorate, Egypt. ²Educational Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia governorate, Egypt.

* Tharwat330@gmail.com

Abstract : This study examined the effect of acetic acid, carbon dioxide and ground mustard, on the microbiological and chemical quality of raw minced beef storage at 4 °C. The results showed that addition of acetic acid, carbon dioxide and ground mustard  significantly delayed the proliferation of aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic counts, and Total Coliform count (MPN)  and extended the shelf life of the product up to 6,10 and 12 days, respectively, versus 4 days only for control. Ground mustard was the most effective to decontaminate the minced beef being effective in preventing the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. Therefore, ground mustard could be utilized successfully to reduce the microbial growth, maintain the chemical quality, and extend the shelf life of minced beef held under proper refrigeration.

[Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy,  Kamal Ibrahim Eldesoky and Alaa Eldin Morshdy. Improvement the shelf life of minced beef. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):185-190]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.26

Keywords: Minced beef, Acetic acid, Carbon dioxide, Mustard and Shelf life.

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Notarial Activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Problems and Development Prospects

Mira Zhaskayratovna Zhaskayrat ¹, Gulzhazira Aktureevna Ilyassova ¹ , Ayman Kudaibergenovna Kussainovа ²

^1. Academician Y.A. Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda, Universitetskaya St., 28, 100028, Kazakhstan

^2. Karaganda University "Bolashak", Karaganda, Erubaev St., 16, 100000, Kazakhstan

g.iliasova@mail.ru

Abstract: The Kazakhstan notariate in recent years underwent the considerable changes caused by new public conditions. It passed the significant historical period, during this period the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “About notariate” of July 14, 1997 No. 155 and set of subordinate acts were accepted, thus normative basis is completely updated. Despite this, today's condition of regulatory and legal framework demands to create new conceptual views which have to meet the modern legal and public requirements. During the modern period in the Republic of Kazakhstan a controversial question is notariate recognition as public institute, on the basis of it notary officer should be given the status of the independent representative of the state. In turn it pursues the aim to refuse licensing and granting of notary with powers from the state. The aforenamed problems lead to emergence of various opinions in society, in consequence of which to continuous change of legal bases of notariate.

[Zhaskayrat M.Zh, Ilyasova G.A., Kussainovа A.K. Notarial Activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Problems and Development Prospects. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):191-196]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.27

Keywords: notariate, notary, notarial activity, Latin notariate, granting with powers, notarial chamber.

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Chemical Composition of Humic Substances Extracted From Salt Affected Egyptian Soils

El-Metwally, M. Selim^a&b; Ahmad A. Taha^c; Ahmad A. Mosa^c and Moustafa A. EL-Agamy^d&e

^aBiological Sciences Department, Rabigh-College of Science & Art, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. BOX 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.

^bSoils and Water Use Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 Al Behoos St., P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

^cSoils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University., Egypt.

^dPromising Research Center in Biological Control and Agricultural Information, Qassim University, Bureidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.

^eSoil fertility and Plant nutrition Dep. Soils, Water and Environ.Res. Inst., Agric., Res.,Center, Giza, Egypt.

Selimnrc2010@gmail.com

Abstract: Humic substances composed of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (HM) represent the most microbially recalcitrant and stable reservoir of organic carbon in soil. In order to identify the chemical compositions, humic substances were extracted from normal, (non-saline), saline, alkaline and newly reclaimed salt affected soils collected at0-30 cm surface layer during the summer of 2010. Elemental analysis, solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) acquired with cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the chemical composition in the humic substances. Variations in chemical, functional groups and spectroscopic measurements were observed among the extracted humic and fulvic acids. More humic substances were extracted from the normal soil than other soil types, with the majority being humic acid. Data from elemental analysis and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy indicated that humic and fulvic acids extracted from the normal and saline were more aromatic than those of alkaline and newly reclaimed soils. Fulvic acid extracted from all soils contained mostly aliphatic, O-substituted alkyl, and carboxylic groups and small amounts of carbonyl groups. Based on the spectroscopic analysis of IR Spectroscopy, no significant differences were detected among different types of humic substances. It cleared that humic acids extracted from the newly reclaimed soil were less humified than those of the other soils. Therefore, it is important to look for the suitable management practices for each type of soils.

[El-Metwally, M. Selim; Ahmad A. Taha; Ahmad A. Mosa and Moustafa A. EL-Agamy. Chemical Composition Of Humic Substances Extracted From Salt Affected Egyptian Soils. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):197-206]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.28

Keywords: Humic acids, fulvic acids, elemental composition, functional groups, IR,¹³C (CPMAS)NMR.

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Application of an Educational Program for Al Jouf University Students Regarding Scientific Writing and Presentation Skills

Fatma Abdel Moneim Al Tawil¹, Eiman A. A. Elshaygi², Arab Q. Al-Khadam³ and Ibrahim H. Al Fasatleh⁴

College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia⁽¹⁾. Medical - Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt⁽¹⁾. Biochemistry department⁽²⁾, Msn.RN, Al Jouf University⁽³⁾, Department of Physics, Al Jouf University⁽⁴⁾.

Fatma_abdelmoneim@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate an educational program regarding scientific writing and presentation skills among university students. This interventional study used a one-group, pretest/posttest design and was conducted in Al Jouf University among four colleges in Saudi Arabia. Baseline students’ assessment was conducted for developing educational program. Interventional, one group, pretest/posttest study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program. Three parts evaluation sheet with total scores of 30 was used for 113 students for the development of the program and 52 students for test pretest phase. Wilcoxon signed ranks showed statistically significant improvement in the combined overall program skills score from a median of 56.7 pre to a median of 86.7 post, z = 6.231, p < 0.001). When compared to preprogram intervention, post interventions 51.9 % of students achieve excellent performance. While pre intervention no students (0.0 %) achieve this score. Regarding to scientific writing skills, Wilcoxon signed ranks showed statistically significant improvement in the score from a median of 60 pre to a median of 90 post, z = 6.122, p < 0.001). None of students had excellent performance changed to 73.1%. Regarding to oral presentation skills, Wilcoxon signed ranks showed statistically significant improvement in the score from a median of 50 pre to a median of 80 post, z = 6.153, p < 0.001). None of students had excellent performance changed to 48.1%. Such educational program needs to be incorporated into classroom delivery of the students’ curriculum. Scientific writing skills book needed to be developed to be recommended as a basic educational strategy for all university faculties.

[Fatma Abdel Moneim Al tawil, Eiman A. A. elshaygi, Arab Q. Al-Khadam, Ibrahim H. Al Fasatleh. Application of an Educational Program for Al Jouf University Students Regarding Scientific Writing and Presentation Skills. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):207-215]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.29

Key words: scientific writing, presentation skills, university students and an educational program.

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Pronunciation Evaluation Model for None Native English Speakers

¹Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy, ²Sherif M. Abdou and ¹Kamal M. Jambi

¹Faculty of Computing, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

hassanin@kau.edu.sa,  s.abdou@fci-cu.edu.eg,  kjambi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This paper investigates both phonetic and phonological influences of speaker’s none native language on their accent in English. Phonological influences of vowels and consonants over the speech data for the Speak Correct system will be studied. The Speak Correct layout will be presented in short description. Two groups were involved, whose native language was Arabic, and dialect spoken in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In Speak Correct system evaluation, participants were asked to utter 17 English vowels and 24 consonants. Both Saudi group and Egyptian group demonstrated accuracy in identification of vowels (70-85 %) and consonants (80-90 %). A testing dataset are described using pronunciation scoring method and experimental assessment for evaluation. Therefore, the paper introduces to test the Speak Correct system to pronounced English word.

[Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy, Sherif M. Abdou and Kamal M. Jambi. Pronunciation Evaluation Model for None Native English Speakers. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):216-226]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.30

Keywords. Speech recognition, English vowels and consonants, Arabic dialects, acoustic error.

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Study of Cultural Characteristics and Interference of Peste Des Petites Ruminants Virus and Sheep Pox Virus in Co-Culture

Dmitriy Taranov, Zakir Yershebulov, Zhanat Amanova, Yerbol Bulatov, Kainar Barakbayev, Yergali Abduraimov, Zhanat Kondibaeva, Kuandyk Znugunissov, Abylay Sansyzbay

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan

taranov_ds@mail.ru

Abstract: The paper presents cultural characterization of Peste Des Petites Ruminants (PPR) virus and sheep pox virus in co-culture. During the study we selected optimal cell cultures such as lamb kidney cells (LK), lamb testicles cells (LT) and goat gonad cell line (CG-91) allowing to obtain virus suspension with high infective activity. The optimum period of cultivation is 7 days and the infecting dose of PPR and sheep pox viruses is 0,01 TCID₅₀/cell. The interference phenomenon absence between the two viruses is confirmed by electron microscopic studies, as well as the cytopathic effect of these viruses in cell culture. Subject to the above parameters highly active virus-containing suspension can be obtained for PPR and sheep pox associated vaccine production.

[Taranov D, Yershebulov Z, Amanova Zh, Bulatov Ye, Barakbayev K, Abduraimov Ye, Kondibaeva Zh, Znugunissov K, Sansyzbai A. Study of Cultural Characteristics and Interference of Peste Des Petites Ruminants Virus and Sheep Pox Virus in Co-Culture. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):227-231]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.31

Keywords: Cultivation, Peste des petits ruminants, sheep pox virus, cell culture.

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Working Environment Characteristics in Assessing the Quality of Working Life among the Nursing Managers Almaty city, Kazakhstan

Kashafutdinova Gulzhakhan¹, Meirmanov Serik ^2*, Buribayeva Zhanar³, Bekbotayev Е.K.⁴,  Shegirbayeva Karligash⁴, Brimzhanova Manshuk⁴, Mamyrbekova Saltanat⁴ ,  Kussainov Gaissa⁵

¹Department of Healthcare Policy and Management, Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole bi str., Almaty

²Department of Public Health Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Japan;

³Kazakh Eye Diseases Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

⁴Kazakhstan School of Public Health of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

⁵Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan

Abstract: A supportive work environment is necessary for employees’ motivation and for creation of conditions for productive work. The quality of work environment affects satisfaction with job, work and private life, the opportunity for continuous personnel development and organizational culture. Despite the fact that there are a large number of studies in management, the quality of working life in Kazakhstan has remain uncovered. This is population-based study among nursing managers of health institutions in Almaty city over the period between 2013 and 2014. Questionnaire included the following sections: socio-demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, the impact of various risk factors of hospital environment, etc. The participants filled in their questionnaires anonymously and independently. Statistical processing was carried out by using IBM SPSS v.20.0 software. The main factors affecting the feeling of job satisfaction among managers of the nursing services included a wage rate; working conditions; organizational culture. The statistically significant relationships between the characteristics of the working environment and job satisfaction were revealed. Safety of hospital environment, staff morale, effective management and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle are important factors affecting the quality of working life and the health level of nursing managers.

[Kashafutdinova Gulzhakhan, Meirmanov Serik, Buribayeva Zhanar, Bekbotayev Е.K., Shegirbayeva Karligash, Brimzhanova Manshuk, Mamyrbekova Saltanat,  Kussainov Gaissa. Working Environment Characteristics in Assessing the Quality of Working Life among the Nursing Managers Almaty city, Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):232-235]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.32

Keywords: nursing managers, work environment quality, job satisfaction, quality of working life.

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Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Hazard Indices for Dust Storm Samples from Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Abdulaziz Alharbi¹ and A. El-Taher ^2,3

¹QassimUniversity, AgriculturalCollege,, Buraydah, KSA

²Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Qassim University Buraydah, KSA

³Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt

atef_eltaher@hotmail.com

Abstract: This work presents a study of natural radioactivity levels and radiation hazard indices for dust storms samples from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Distributions of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were determined using NaI (Tl) γ-ray spectrometry. The Radiological effects from 23 samples were estimated. Activity concentrations were determined for ²²⁶Ra (from 1.8 to 102 with average value of 10 Bq kg-1), 40K( from 1.5 to57.6 with average value of 8.1 Bq kg^-1) and ²³²Th (range from 88.9 to 433.6 with average value of 306.6Bq kg^-1). To assess the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity in the samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), Gamma Index (Ig) and the absorbed dose rate were calculated and found to be within those values recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP1990) as the maximum annual dose to members of the public. This study provides a baseline map of radioactivity background levels in the Saudi environment and will be used as reference information to assess any changes in the radioactive background level due to geological processes.

[Abdulaziz Alharbi and A. El-Taher. Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Hazard Indices for Dust Storms Samples from Qassim Region. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):236-241]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.33

Keywords: Natural radioactivity, dust storm, annual effective dose equivalent, Gamma index.

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Mobile Technology for Illiterate Education

Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy¹, Sherif Abdou² and Mohsen Rashwan³

¹Faculty of Computing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz University, hassanin@kau.edu.sa

²Computers and Information, Cairo University, Faculty of Cairo, Egypt. s.abdou@fci-cu.edu.eg

³ Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. m.rashwan@fci-cu.edu.eg

Abstract: Literacy and adult education are an essential objective for realizing development and increasing production for any country. Egypt is one of the countries that still has high rate of illiteracy is around 30% of the adult population (age range 15-45). In Saudi Arabia the distant regions faces a similar challenge. Traditional literacy classes proved not to be very effective in solving the problem. Meanwhile mobile phones are the fastest growing technology devices worldwide and surprisingly they are used also by people with very low level of literacy. In this paper we introduce a literacy education application for mobile devices that implements an interactive process where the user practices the reading and writing skills with guidance from a dedicated teacher. We introduce novel mobile technologies that can foster the acquisition of reading and writing skills for illiterate citizens using Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Automatic Handwriting Recognition (AHR) techniques. This poses several challenges: first, the speech recognition for an illiterate’s reading is expected to have severe miss-pronunciations and deviation from the reference models. Also hand writing training requires dealing with the irregular strokes of the illiterate’s handwriting with dis-fluent hand movements. Moreover running ASR in noisy environments and using a mobile touch screen for handwriting practice are other complexities that need to be handled. Finally, the application needs to fit with the limited computational resources of the common mobile devices.

[Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy, Sherif Abdou and Mohsen Rashwan. Mobile Technology for Illiterate Education. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):242-248]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.34

Keywords: OCR, Speech Recognition, ASR, Handwriting, Illiterate education.

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Sources of Information among Nursing Students toward Infection Control and Standard Precautions

Mn. Huson Amin Ghalya¹, Prof. Youssreya Ibrahim²

¹, ²Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukaramah, KSA.

² Faculty of Nursing, Al Masoura University

husson_ameen@yahoo.com

Abstract: Infection Control (IC) and standard precautions (SPs) is evidence-based practices that can reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms. IC education is a fundamental component of the nursing curriculum. The present study aimed to Assess knowledge, attitudes and sources of information among nursing students toward infection control and standard precautions. Subjects and methods A convenient sample consisted of 96 nursing students. Setting: The study was conducted in Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Nursing, Saudi Arabia. One tool was used comprised three parts. Part 1: General data. Part 2: Knowledge assessment questionnaire about 5 different domains of IC and SPs. Part 3: Attitude assessment questionnaire used towards current curricular sufficiency, and training needs related to IC and SPs. Results The current study revealed the total score for knowledge was 38.71±7.02 (out of 53 points) with a total of 44 out of 96 students (45.83%) of students scored ≥ 40 out of 53 points which is considered to be acceptable. Sharp injuries, indications and the use of gloves and alcohol-based hand rub, showed the least knowledge scores. It is concluded The main source of information for students was the curriculum. Nursing students were satisfied with the current curricular content although they reported there need for further training and education regarding IC& SPs. It was recommended that teaching must be strengthened, curricular reform and training are required to fulfill students' knowledge deficiencies related to in IC & SPs to protect students and their patients.

[Mn. Huson Amin Ghalya, Youssreya Ibrahim. Knowledge, Attitudes and Sources of Information among Nursing Students toward Infection Control and Standard Precautions. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):249-260]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.35

Keywords: standard precautions, infection control, nursing students.

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The Efficacy of Computed Tomographic Angiography in Identification of Intracranial Aneurysms

Saleh S. Baeesa, MBChB, FRCSC

Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

sbaeesa@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objective: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has surfaced as a valuable non-invasive diagnostic modality in the management of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). In this study, the author reports the accuracy of CTA versus digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the assessment of patients with IAs. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for all patients investigated for IAs with both CTA and DSA using standard imaging protocols at king Abdulaziz university hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. Thirty-one patients with IAs underwent evaluation with CTA and DSA during the study period. Comparison between the two modalities included accuracy of detection of IAs was assessed. Results: Patient’s age ranged from 17 and 70 years (average 42.8 ± 7.9 years), and 20 patients (64.5%) were females. SAH was the initial presentation in 20 patients (64.5%), five patients (16%) with headache and seizures disorder had a mass lesion on CT scans demonstrating a large IAs, and CT scans were normal in 6 patients (19.4%). Both of CTA and DSA studies detected 29 IAs in 28 patients (90.3%). Three patients had no IAs detected in both CTA and DSA examinations, in one patient operated for repeated SAH with intracerbral hematoma, a small internal carotid artery blister was detected intraoperatively and clipped. Twenty-two patients (78.6%) underwent craniotomy and microsurgical clipping of IAs, and endovascular coiling was performed in 6 patients. CTA was effective in the post-treatment follow up and evaluation of IAs; however, in two patients CTA was not accurate in assessing the recurrence of the aneurysms. Conclusion: CTA provides accurate and valuable information for patients with cerebral aneurysms. It can be used alone for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment follow up of IAs.

[Saleh S. Baeesa. The efficacy of Computed Tomographic Angiography in Identification of Intracranial Aneurysms. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):261-268]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.36

Key Words: Digital subtraction angiography, Intracranial aneurysms, Computed tomography angiography, Microsurgical clipping.

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The epidemiology of road traffic accident (RTA) in ghana from 2001-2011.

Thompson Amo, Serik Meirmanov

Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University/Public Health Management, Beppu, Japan

Correspondence: Serik Meirmanov, MD, Phd^b serikmed@apu.ac.jp

associate professor, department of public health management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University/Public Health Management, Beppu, Japan

Abstract: Background: This research discusses the epidemiology of road traffic accidents which occurred in ghana between 2001 and 2011. The purpose of this research is to provide a snapshot of road traffic accident cases which would inform the authorities on the need to ensure sanity on the roads. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was adopted to explore the incidence of rta in ghana from 2001 to 2011. Secondary data were obtained from the Building and Road Research Institute. Results: A total of 125,681 RTA involving 150,949 victims analysed. There were 96,888 (64.19%) passengers and 40975 (35.81%) pedestrian. There were 21,283 (14.14%) fatality cases and 129,666 (87.95%) suffered various degrees of injuries. The percentage share of lives lost is 38.50% (8194) while pedestrians were 61.50% (13,089). The findings also show that only three types of vehicles such as car (46.43%), bus (15.48%) and heavy duty vehicle (13.18%) contribute 75.09% of RTA. The evidence shows that males have 1.5 times higher risk of RTA than females. Findings produced a satisfactory proof that the ages between 1 and 40 contribute 65.16% of RTA. It was also shown that the second half of the year produces a higher accident rate and at a peak in December. Conclusion: RTA is a treat to lives and properties and every effort must be made to salvage the situation.

[Thompson Amo, Serik Meirmanov. The epidemiology of road traffic accident (RTA) in ghana from 2001-2011. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):269-275]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.37

Key words: epidemiology, road traffic accident, death, injuries, ghana.

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Sanitary and microbiological researches of therapeutic muds of the deposit “Kossor” of the Almaty oblast

Sairan Suraganova¹, Aiman Yessengabylova¹, Alken Bissekov¹,Yernazar Sarbassov², Bigotanov Kaisar²

¹Tourism Department, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan

²Zhetysu State University named I. Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, 040010, Microrayon 4, house 68, apartment 31, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: make._d_61@mail.ru

Abstract: Deposits of therapeutic mud (peloids) are formed in natural environment under the influence of geological, physical and chemical and biological processes. There are 6 genetic types of peloids differing from each other in the formation conditions, initial material, chemical composition: sulfide silt deposits of therapeutic mud of salty reservoirs, silt deposits of fresh reservoirs and sapropel; peat formations of bogs (peat mud), mound mud, clay mud and hydrothermal mud. Research of sanitary and microbiological characteristics of therapeutic mud is topical and gives scientific foundation at constructing seasonal health resorts specializing on mud cure and development of medical and health-improving recreation.

[Sairan Suraganova, Aiman Yessengabylova, Alken Bissekov,Yernazar Sarbassov, Bigotanov Kaisar. Sanitary and microbiological researches of therapeutic muds of the deposit “Kossor” of the Almaty oblast. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):276-279]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.38

Keywords: bacteria, strain, peloid, therapeutic mud, sample, silt, microorganisms, “Kossor.

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An Analysis of Dynamic Misconception in Saudi Female Graduate Students’ Use of PowerPoint

Enas O. Sarour

Department of Family Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 645 Jeddah 21421, Saudi Arabia

isoroor@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: This article examines dynamic misconceptions and conceptual change in technology behavior in the context of a study conducted to 13 Saudi female graduate students regarding their misconceptions about PowerPoint and the interventions used to correct these misconceptions. A conceptual change model is adopted to measure any shift in belief after intervention. A pilot study was conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the belief instrument. The results indicate positive outcomes in conceptual change and technology behavior. The study confirms “misconception” as a pre-determinant of misuse, and recommends that “misconception” be included in change models to better explain usage behavior and resistance to change.

[Enas O. Sarour. An Analysis of Dynamic Misconception in Saudi Female Graduate Students’ Use of PowerPoint. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):280-292]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.39

Keywords: conceptual change, dynamic misconception, training, innovation, adoption.

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Cardinal Functions on Ditopological Texture Spaces

Kadirhan POLAT¹, Ceren Sultan ELMALI², Tamer UĞUR¹

¹Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

²Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Techinal University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

kadirhanpolat@atauni.edu.tr, ceren.elmali@erzurum.edu.tr, tugur@atauni.edu.tr

Abstract: In this paper we define the concept of dicardinal function, and then (co)weight, (co)densification, (co)net weight, (co)pseudo character which are able to be used in classifying of ditopological texture spaces. It is natural to ask how there are relationships between the set  ( or ) and dicardinal functions that we defined in ditopological texture spaces. Based on the question, our aim in the paper is to investigate dicardinal functions above for ditopological texture spaces. We obtain useful some results on bounds of , the set  of all -sets and the set  of all -sets by choosing the subclasses satisfying axiom  or Co- the class of all ditopological texture spaces. Furthermore, we show that (co)weight and (co)densification restrict each others.

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Economies of scale and scope in Chinese hospitals: A case study using panel data from Henan, China

Zhen’ang HUO¹, Zhenting Dong², Yaojun ZHAO¹, Haiyu Cai³, Liang ZHANG¹

^1. School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

^2. College of insurance, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China

^3. Henan provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

hnwsgh@126.com

Abstract: From 2008 to 2011, the numbers of beds and medical workers in Chinese public hospitals are increasing substantially, resulting in growing scale of such hospitals. By using weighted least squares (WLS) method and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) method respectively, this article estimates a multi-output cost function based in 4-years balanced panel data samples, correlation between individual effects and observable regressors of sample hospitals is permitted in the model. It is shown by WLS results that economy of scale differs greatly among hospitals of different types and in different regions; SUR results show that hospitals at lower levels are more obvious in terms of economy of scale and economy of scale among hospitals in different regions does not vary much. With the growth of scale, economy of scale tends to decrease due to influence of non-observable factors like management ability. This article also indicates that attentions shall be paid to the influence of non-observable factors on parameters estimation of hospital cost function.

[Zhen’ang HUO, Zhenting Dong, Yaojun ZHAO, Haiyu Cai, Liang ZHANG. Economies of scale and scope in Chinese hospitals: A case study using panel data from Henan, China. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):298-308] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.41

Keywords: Panel data; Hospital cost function; Econometrics; Economies of scale; Economies of scope

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Cellular Response to Pigmented Silicon Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material

Seham B.Tayel ¹ and Manal R. Alammari²

¹ Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Alexandria university.

² Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

seham.tayel@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: This study intended to assess in vitro the cytotoxicity of pigmented maxillofacial silicon M511 after immersion of the specimens in dissimilar simulated storage condition for six month period at 37⁰ C. Material and Methods: Sixty disc shaped pigmented specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer’s directions. The specimens divided into four groups. Group I served as control and the other three test groups were immersed in different storage solution. Cytotoxicity test was done using WST-1assay and hMSCs at 24 and 72hrs incubation. Results: Our result revealed that the test groups showed a significant increased of the survival cell rates at 24 and 72hrs.Comparison between the 24hrs and 72hrs in group IV showed a significant decreased of the survival cell rates. Conclusions: hMSCs is recommended for better screening of the cytotoxic effect of cosmesil elastomer. The pigmented cosmesil M511 cross linking elastomer had no cytotoxic effect and more compatible when immersed in alkaline and acidic solution while sebum showed minimal biocompatibility.

[Seham B.Tayel and Manal R. Alammari. Cellular Response to Pigmented Silicon Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):309-313]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.42

Key words: silicon elaster, simulated solution, cytotoxicity assay.

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Modern specificity of legal regulation of Cultural Development of the Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic Siberia (the Altay Region, the Zabaikailsky Region, Republic of Buryatia, Russia)

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: Legal regulation of the cultural development of Indigenous Peoples Arctic Siberia – an essential condition to preserve their unique culture. Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic Siberia live compactly in 12 regions of the Siberian Federal District (Russia). Currently there is no specific legal framework to preserve the unique culture of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic Siberia Siberian Federal District (Russia). Preserving the unique culture of the Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic Siberia will possible if the legal base will soon be created for this. Need to learn from the experience of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and other regions where the regulatory framework for the conservation of the unique indigenous culture exists and operates in real cultural space of the Indigenous Peoples of the North.

[Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. Modern specificity of legal regulation of Cultural Development of the Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic Siberia under the global transformations. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):314-319]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.43

Keyword: Arctic Siberia, Indigenous People, unique culture, regulatory frameworks, Republic of Buryatia, the Altay Region, the Zabaikailsky Region.

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Serum Chromium, Manganese, Zinc and Hemoglobin A _1c % in Sudanese with Type 2 Diabetes

Badr eldien Hassan Elabid ¹, Samia Mahdi Ahmed²

¹Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadeena Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.

samiamahdiahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is accumulating evidence that the metabolism of several trace elements is altered in diabetes mellitus, and these elements might have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. The objective of this study is to compare the serum levels of Chromium, Manganese and Zinc in Sudanese with type 2 Diabetes with that of non-diabetic healthy controls and to assess the relationship of these elements with the glycemic status and duration of diabetes. A case-control study was conducted at two diabetes centers in Khartoum state, Sudan, during the period from March to December 2013. A total of 200 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Both groups were matched for age and gender. The serum levels of Chromium, Manganese and Zinc were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. SPSS was used for analysis of data. The means of the serum levels of Chromium, Manganese and Zinc were significantly reduced when compared with the control group (P < 0.05).The serum levels of Chromium, Manganese and Zinc in the diabetic group, all had significant inverse moderate correlations with the duration of diabetes and Hemoglobin A_1c%(P < 0.05), except serum Manganese which had insignificant inverse moderate correlation with the duration of diabetes(P > 0.05). In conclusion, The results showed significantly reduced serum levels of Chromium, Manganese and Zinc. The three trace elements had inverse moderate correlations with both; the duration of Diabetes and Hemoglobin A_1c%.

[Elabid BH,Ahmed AM. Serum Chromium, Manganese, Zinc and Hemoglobin A _1c % in Sudanese with Type 2 Diabetes. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):320-322]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.44

Key words: Trace elements. Hb A_1c.,Type 2 diabetes.

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Taxes and tributes of Bosnia and Herzegovina charged by the Ottoman Empire in the 50-ies of the XIX century

Nurzhigit Momynbekovich Abdukadyrov, Gulzhan Seidualyevna Bedelova and Zhanar Bazargalievna Kozhabekova

al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi av. 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan

Abstract. In the ХІХ century the Ottoman Empire was experienced the decline process, despite it still owned the lands in Europe, Asia and Africa. At this time Bosnia and Herzegovina was the part of the Ottoman Empire and was one of the provinces of the empire in Europe. The Ottoman Empire collected different taxes from the owned provinces. In the 50-ies of the XIX century the Ottoman Government imposed new taxes to agriculture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During collection of taxes arose many disagreements between the local population and authorities. It was shown by a lot of information in the written memoirs of that time and in the reports and records published in the Consulates of Russia and Austria in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on these facts, the article is devoted to research of the tax collection policy of the local authorities and imposed new taxes in the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Ottoman Empire.

[Abdukadyrov N.M., Bedelova G.S.,  Kozhabekova Z.B. Taxes and tributes of Bosnia and Herzegovina charged by the Ottoman Empire in the 50-ies of the XIX century. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):323-327] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.45

Keywords: Tretina, Dime, taxes, the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Monitoring of consumer lending in the region

Basir Khabibovich Aliev, Magomed Magomedovich Suleymanov and Garun Sultanakhmedovich Sultanov

Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

e-mail: fef2004@yandex.ru

Abstract. Consumer lending is most popular form of loans among credit organizations and individuals. The author investigates market of consumer lending in RD, evaluates reliability of credit organizations and performs analysis of creditability of a borrowers. Analysis of the problems of consumer lending in the region is done, the biggest is high rate. The conclusion is made that consumer lending institution is actively demanded in Republic of Dagestan.

[Aliev B.K., Suleymanov M.M., Sultanov G.S. Monitoring of consumer lending in the region. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):328-332] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.46

Keywords: consumer lending, bank services market, North Caucasian federal district, Republic of Dagestan, regional banks, mortgage loan, bank activity.

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The organization approaches peculiarities of an industrial enterprises financial management

Michael Nikolaevich Dudin¹, Nikolay Vasilievich Lyasnikov¹, Magomedsaid Aligadgievich Yahyaev¹, Aleksandr Valerievich Kuznetzov²

¹The Russian Academy of Enterprise, Radio str., 14, Moscow city, 105005, Russia

²Moscow University of Economics, Policy and Law, Klimentovskiy by-str., 1, bldg.1, Moscow, 115184, Russia

Abstract. The actuality of a given research consists in a fact that a production plants financial management, under unstable and turbulently changing environment is exposed to transformation determining new peculiarities and specificity appearing. The aim of a given research is to find the financial management organization approaches in industrial production plants which are large corporate structures. Within the made research the following basic conclusions where made: - industrial plants financial relationships are characterized by multiplicity and multidimensionality of outer and inner connections which considerably increase the financial management risks. At the same time for financial and strategic development planning and modeling the new strategic development perspective development opens up on the basis of the current and potential risks;   - an industrial plants financial management is a systematic process which has a strategic target setting and planning, organization, control, motivation, adaptation, coordination, prediction which are implemented by means of the basic management functions. Coordination, adaptation and prediction functions have the most important sense while possibilities and threatens connected with them are to be found. These functions determine further direction structuring of a plant evolving taking into account newly environment circumstances being opened;   - the industrial plant financial management should be aimed at a stable intensive economic growth providing. Thereby, an industrial plants financial management is determined by total management efforts in operational and investing activity; - an industrial plants financial management should be based on an integrative-functional approach which allows to maximize economic profits and optimize loses. It provides an economic value forming as a result of a given market participant activity. 

[Dudin M.N., Lyasnikov N.V., Yahyaev M.A., Kuznetzov A.V. The organization approaches peculiarities of an industrial enterprises financial management. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):333-336] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.47

Keywords: financial management, economic growth, industrial plants, stable development, financial results

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Hydrodynamic characteristics of the face seal taking into account lubricant film breakdown, inertial forces and complex clearance form

Sergei Viktorinovich Falaleev

Samara State Aerospace University, Moskovskoe Shosse, 34, Samara, 443086, Russia

Abstract. Sealing systems of turbomachinery determine possibilities of intensification of work processes in them. Face seals are most common in high speed turbomachinery. The research objective in this article is improving calculation methods for hydrodynamic parameters of face seals. Numerical and analytical calculation methods for hydrodynamic parameters of face seal with a complex clearance form characterized by tapering and undulation have been developed in the article. The numerical method has been developed using the finite volume method and considers inertial forces. Known formulas are derived from analytical expressions of process fluid leakage through the clearance of a complex form in equating tapering and undulation parameters to zero. The developed methods are applicable for hydrodynamic face seals and for contact face seals.

[Falaleev S.V. Hydrodynamic characteristics of the face seal taking into account lubricant film breakdown, inertial forces and complex clearance form. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):337-343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.48

Keywords: face seal, clearance, tapering, undulation, distribution of pressure, bearing capacity, leakage, lubricant film breakdown.

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European educational system (comparative aspect)

Gulnar Ichshanova, Meruert Kanabekova and Akbota Kusherbaeva

Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Dostyk ave.13, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan

Abstract. This article is a comprehensive analysis of different aspects of a modern educational model as applied in the European Educational environment and a successive study of up-dated university traditions. In order to achieve this, based on a comparative method, the following objectives have been set: Assessment and interpretation of the actual state of the biggest universities in Europe and United States of America (USA); a special assessment of their scientific and educational activity; a research assessment of the university exchange procedure as an essential component of international education; an analysis of the principle student exchange programs, that occur in the form of international academic mobility; a review of the main directions in development and reforming of other modern education system, including Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries.

[Ichshanova G., Kanabekova M., Kusherbaeva A. European educational system (comparative aspect). Life Sci J 2014;11(9):344-347] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.49

Keywords: Bologna Process, European educational space, bachelor, magistracy, PhD, education system, credit technolog the European University Association, European Credit Transfer System, continuity, mobility, CIS.

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“Alien elements” in the social structure and everyday life of city population in Northern Kazakhstan in the 1920s (as exemplified by Akmolinsk)

Makhabbat Malikovna Kozybayeva and Ziyabek Yermukhanovich Kabuldinov

L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Str., 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article examines the legal status of “alien elements” in the social structure and everyday life of cities in Northern Kazakhstan as exemplified by Akmolinsk in the second half of the 1920s. The authors provide the analysis of broad historiographic basis which includes Russian and Western European scientific literature about the specificity of studying everyday life of Soviet cities. The main historical sources are archive records which characterize methods used by “nonvoters” to return their rights: delations and applications to public authorities. The authors come to a conclusion that disfranchisement exerted a significant influence upon man’s social rank, his offspring and relatives. This is an indication of totalitarian regime establishment in the Soviet Union.

[Kozybayeva M.M., Kabuldinov Z.Y. “Alien elements” in the social structure and everyday life of city population in Northern Kazakhstan in the 1920s (as exemplified by Akmolinsk) Life Sci J 2014;11(9):348-351] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.50

Keywords: everyday life, party purges, elective franchise, “socially alien elements”, “nonvoters".

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Drama in extracurricular activities for technical university students studying English as a foreign language

Marina Valeryevna Kuimova and Ivan Petrovich Gaberling

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

Abstract. The paper researches the use of drama in foreign language extracurricular activities. Drama fosters learners to use the object language; helps develop communication skills, sociocultural awareness, pronunciation; provides confidence in a foreign language. The paper reflects the authors’ personal experience of staging “Romeo and Juliet” which can be used while organizing extracurricular activities.

[Kuimova M.V., Gaberling I.P. Drama in extracurricular activities for technical university students studying English as a foreign language. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):352-353] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.51

Keywords: foreign language teaching; drama; communication skills development.

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Development of the unified range of friction couples of gas-dynamic face seals

Dmitry Konstantinovich Novikov

Samara State Aerospace University, Moskovskoe Shosse, 34, Samara, 443086, Russia

Abstract. Sealing systems of turbomachinery define possibilities of intensification of work process in them. Gas-dynamic face seals are standard technical solution for compressors. The research objective in this article is building the unified range of friction couples of gas-dynamic face seals of compressors for gas industry. Scientifically proven suggestions on selection of seal ring dimensions are described in the article. Geometric, gas-dynamic and strength criteria defining selection of carbon ring diametric sizes have been suggested. The unified range of friction couples has been selected. It is applied to all compressors for natural gas pumping.

[Novikov D.K. Development of the unified range of friction couples of gas-dynamic face seals. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):354-356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.52

Keywords: gas-dynamic face seal, compressor, leakage, friction couple, unification, diametric sizes.

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The formation of the optimal production program as an element of raising competitiveness of the enterprise

Anatoly Andreevich Rudychev, Svetlana Petrovna Gavrilovskaya, Elena Alexsandrovna Nikitina, Alexander Alexandrovich Getmanzev

Belgorod State Technological University V.G. Shukhov, Kostyukova str., 46, Belgorod, 308012, Russia

Abstract. The raising competitiveness of the enterprise involves the introduction of new technologies of production and management, which are focused on constant updating of products, on significant improvement of its quality, and also control over the appearance of the product range. This paper proposes an approach to the formation of optimal production program enterprises with complex use of raw materials as a necessary element of competitiveness. On its basis are built the models of single-product and multi-product optimization using dynamic programming method.

[Rudychev A.A., Gavrilovskaya S.P., Nikitina E.A., Getmanzev A.A. The formation of the optimal production program as an element of raising competitiveness of the enterprise. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):357-361] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.53

Keywords: production program, cost optimization, competitiveness, dynamic programming, control system of the assortment

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Regional security in Asia Pacific: US and China strategic balance

Zhazira Ayapbergenovna Taubayeva

L.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan str., 2, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article gives a review on military-political situation in Asia Pacific. In the light of the recent increasing role of Chinese economy in the region many political analysts consider this as a threat not just to the regional stability but also to the spheres of influence of other regional powers. The growth of China’s military potential in the region can fold a new political configuration of security in the region – Pacific “Cold War” (“Cold War” in Asia-Pacific). The author analyzes the dynamics of military expenses of the key regional powers, revealing their quick military build-up, also made a conclusion on the importance of the case-study and possible scenarios in the region.

[Taubayeva Z.A. Regional security in Asia Pacific: US and China strategic balance. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):362-365] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.54

Keywords: Asia Pacific, military-political situation, regional security, China’s military potential, “Cold War.

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Ways to overcome the cross-language interference at teaching Turkic-speaking attendance in Russian language

Zulfiy Firdinatovna Yusupova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420111, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the causes of the occurrence of cross-language interference at teaching the Russian language to Turkic-speaking (particularly, Tartar) attendance. The theoretical prerequisites of the research are the postulates of modern linguistics, functional grammar, linguodidactics, psycholinguistics, and pedagogy. The research provides linguistically methodological coverage of the differences in the Russian and Turkic (particularly, Tartar) languages, which are determined by their belonging to types of different structures: the Russian language belongs to the inflectional type, and Turkic languages belong to the agglutinate type. Further, the article analyzes the most common interference errors, which are typical of verbal and written speech of the students at using pronouns.

[Yusupova Z.F. Ways to overcome the cross-language interference at teaching Turkic-speaking attendance in Russian language. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):366-369] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.55 

Keywords: cross-language interference, Russian language, Tartar language, linguodidactics, pronoun, speech errors.

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The world experience of transformation of innovative approaches to assurance of financial stability of social economic systems

Mihail Nikolaevich Dudin¹, Mihail Nikolaevich Prokof'ev², Irina Jur'evna Fedorova², Aleksandr Vladimirovich Frygin³

¹Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship, Radio str., 14, Moscow, 105005, Russia

²Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Leningradskij prospect, 49, Moscow, 125468, Russia

Abstract. The aim is to explore main trends of assurance of financial stability of modern small and large social economic systems by using innovative approach. The following fundamental results have been obtained: regular external changes affects substantially the performance of social economic systems, their financial stability; a social economic system is a particular object including two main subsystems; the social economic system can be structured by several hierarchic levels (microlevel, mesolevel, macrolevel); the social economic system at the macrolevel implies the combination of mutually acting business and economic subjects with the performance in production and distribution spheres, the sphere of barter (the enterprises as independent economic units represent the microlevel or small social economic systems); the financial stability of social economic systems is the latter’s ability of crisis free development at the balanced capital structure, glow of financial resources and obtaining the financial result ensuring both simple and expanded reproduction; assurance of financial stability of social economic systems should be based on the last achievements of the science of management of finances. It means in practice continuous innovations in management, arrangement of mutual cooperation with counteragents, implementation of business processes with their proper transparency; the innovative transformation of assuring financial stability of social economic systems is a well-planed development process when the system accumulates the abilities for leading counteraction to risk factors, their transformation into economic and financial benefits. It can be considered as formation of the strategic development financial development.

[Dudin M.N., Prokof'ev M.N., Fedorova I.J., Frygin A.V. The world experience of transformation of innovative approaches to assurance of financial stability of social economic systems. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):370-373] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.56

Keywords: financial stability, social economic system, innovational transformation, innovations, influencing factors, external environment, internal environment.

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Anthropogenic complex development in modern cropping systems in central Volga region based on agrolandscape land management

Mikhail Mikhailovich Geraskin¹, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin², Ivan Fedorovich Kargin²

¹State University of Land Management, Kazakova str., 15, 64, Moscow, 105064, Russia

²Mordovian N. P. Ogarev State University, Bolshevist str., 68, Saransk, 430000, Russia

e-mail: karginvi@yandex.ru

Abstract. It has been found out that one of the reasons of anthropogenic complex low production is degradation processes development, which manifests in the deterioration of the balance of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the agriculture of Mordovia Republic. Increased tension of humus balance occurs due to the sharp decrease in the number of organic fertilizers applied. It has been studied that the design of modern farming systems should be based on uniform allocation of natural complexes allowing to solve the problem of environmental improvement with minimal costs. Agricultural areas planning should take into account the structure of land, industry accommodation, recreation areas and to ensure the prevention of environmental risks.

[Geraskin M.M., Kargin V.I., Kargin I.F. Anthropogenic complex development in modern cropping systems in central Volga region based on agrolandscape land management. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):374-376] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.57

Keywords: man-made systems, degradation, humus balance, agrolandscape land management.

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The problems of contemporary dissertations and social order of the society

Victor Alekseevich Popov

Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Gorky Str, 87, Vladimir, 600000, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of scientific potential of pedagogical dissertations. The analysis of social requirements of the contemporary society is given in the pedagogical context: the organization of prosocial leisure-time of young generation, the active role of teachers in the management of the educational system, the rise of prestige of teacher’ work, the information security of youth.

[Popov V.A. The problems of contemporary dissertations and social order of the society. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):377-380] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.58 

Keywords: dissertations, scientific potential, educational process, social order.

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Production operation management of the oil-producing unit

Elena Marsovna Deberdieva

Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Volodarskogo Str., 38, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article examines the approaches to the management of the production divisions of oil companies based on the peculiarities of their functioning: both branch-wise and comprised by the oil-producing complex. There has been recommended an adjustment of planned and estimated figures of producing units, as well as imposing responsibility in accordance with the proposed formation plan of production responsibility centers. There are reflected the results of the assessment of the expected effects of the proposed corrective measures based on the use of expert opinion.

[Deberdieva E.M. Production operation management of the oil-producing unit. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):381-384] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.59

Keywords: Management, production unit, oil-producing enterprise, planned and estimated figures, responsibility centers.

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The first experience of Russia in the WTO: the banking sector

Tatyana Pavlovna Rakhlis, Nataliya Vladimirovna Skvortsova, Svetlana Vladimirovna Koptyakova

Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Lenin Ave., 38, Magnitogorsk, 455000, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia

Abstract. Russia’s accession to the WTO has changed socioeconomic conditions and financial terms, legal regulations in various sectors of country’s economic activities and individual business entities.The article is dedicated to the analysis of the consequences of this step and the evaluation of the changes in Russian economy on the whole and the banking sector in particular. Special consideration is given to the competitive recovery of domestic banks in the long run.

[Rakhlis T.P., Skvortsova N.V., Koptyakova S.V. The first experience of Russia in the WTO: the banking sector. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):385-388] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.60

Keywords: World Trade Organization (WTO), banking sector, a branch of a foreign bank, quota for the participation of foreign capital, competition, cost of credit, Russia's investment climate.

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Cognitive poetics as a method of text analysis and construction

Ahmet Kulyash Sadykkyzy, Abdykalyk Kunimzhan Sadirkyzy, Nurzhanat Maldybaevna Rakhmanova

Kazakh National University name al-Farabi, Almaty city, Kazakhstan

Kazakh State Women’s Training Teacher University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article deals with the critical analysis of the main sources and concepts of the theory of cognitive poetics. It is substantiated the authors' approach to understanding of the purpose, object and nature of cognitive poetics, formed under the research project "The Cognitive Poetics of Contemporary Texts of Socio- Political Orientation." The object of study of this scientific discipline is a literary text, at that, the criterion of artistry is exclusively its ability at this time to influence on people and to change the surrounding reality in this way. One of its most important features is the communicative orientation. We conducted a pilot study, aimed at identifying of perception strategies of individually author's concepts by the reader; it provides the additional opportunities to describe the concept content. The results allow verifying the relevance of one or other features of the concept in the readers' mind, and serve as an essential complement to other investigation methods of the concept at the text material.

[Sadykkyzy A.K., Sadirkyzy A.K., Rakhmanova N.M. Cognitive poetics as a method of text analysis and construction. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):389-392] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.61

Keywords: cognitive poetics, cognizing mind, metaphorical thought, idealized cognitive models, cognitively negotiable world, fiction, non-fiction, concep.

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The ways of expressing objective modality

Aida Gumerovna Sadykova and Gulnara Khalilovna Aleeva

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremliovskaya str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

e-mail: a_sadykova@bk.ru

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of expressing the category of modality in the English and Tatar languages and choosing the most suitable ways of rendering its different connotations when translating the Tatar fairy-tale by G.Tukay ‘Shuraleh’ into English. The author defines the peculiarities of expressing the category of modality in the English and Tatar languages as well as the devices of rendering elements of the category of modality when translating the text from Tatar into English. The sources of the language material for study were the texts of the Tatar fairy-tale by G. Tukay ‘Shuraleh’ in Tatar and its translation into English done by Ravil Bukharaev.

[Sadykova A.G., Aleeva G.K. The ways of expressing objective modality. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):393-395] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.62

Keywords: objective modality, the category of verb mood, comparison, juxtaposition, translation type of analysis, distributive type of analysis

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Music teacher to-be tolerance formation in the multicultural educational environment by means of musical art

Alfiya Nikolaevna Valiahmetova, Indira Maratovna Salpykova and Nelya Khabibullovna Nurgayanova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problems of the tolerance formation of music teacher to-be in the multicultural educational environment by means of musical art. The formation of tolerant qualities is regarded as one of the necessary conditions for the effective training of future specialists. The solution to this problem will contribute to a formation of personality of the modern music teacher capable to freely navigate in a multicultural world, tolerate the representatives of different peoples, their cultural diversity and values. The musical art and the folk art are the significant spirituality driver, factor of the introduction to the national life origin, and of high tolerant personal culture formation.

[Valiahmetova A.N., Salpykova I.M., Nurgayanova N.K. Music teacher to-be tolerance formation in the multicultural educational environment by means of musical art. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):396-400] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.63

Keywords: multicultural education, intercultural dialogue, tolerant culture, education of the music teacher to-be, musical art, folk art.

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Biogenic Fixation of Dusting Surfaces

Stanislav Vyacheslavovich Kovshov and Vyacheslav Petrovich Kovshov

National Mineral Resources University, 21 Line of Vasilievsky Ostrov, 2, 199002, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Abstract. In the present-day practice of mining the available ways and means of reduction of technogenic arrays dust exhaust are either not effective enough or are sources of workspace pollution themselves. Alternatively, in order to solve this problem, the National University of Mineral Resources has developed the technology, the essence of which is an application of biogenic protective layer, consisting of a mixture of biohumus and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the ratio of 125:1, onto dusting surfaces. If compared with the known solutions, the proposed method improves the efficiency of dusting surface fixation, while forming bioproductive environment that will facilitate the creation of secondary ecosystems on disturbed technogenic arrays.

[Kovshov S.V., Kovshov V.P. Biogenic Fixation of Dusting Surfaces. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):401-404] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.64 

Keywords: dust, biogenic protective layer, dust control, dust emission, biohumus, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, dusting surface.

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Positive predictive value of 16-Row CT Angiography as Compared with Conventional Invasive Angiography

 Ameneh Langari¹, Maryam Keivani^2*

¹ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

² Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Email: Maryam.Keivani@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this work authors have evaluated the positive predictive value of 16-multidetector-row CT angiography (CTA) in comparison with conventional invasive angiography (CIA) in the diagnosis of significant stenosis. For this purpose, 8 patients suspected to significant stenosis was investigated. These patients were undertaken CIA procedure after CTA. Result of this study reveals that for patient-base analysis, the positive predictive value of CTA was 87.5%. The findings of this study reveal that CT angiography with 16-slice scanner might be considered as an acceptable technique for rapid triage of patients. High values of PPV reveal a moderate performance of CTA. However, due to low number of patients,the obtained results cannot be used for final decision.

[Ameneh Langari, Maryam Keivani. Positive predictive value of 16-Row CT Angiography as Compared with Conventional Invasive Angiography. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):405-408]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.65

Keywords: Positive predicted value (PPV), 16-multidetector-row, Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Conventional Invasive Angiography (CIA).

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An Evaluation of the Observance Rate of Component Information Management in the Health System of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiyari Province Based on World Health Organization Standards

 Mahmoud Mobasheri^.1, Masoome Alidosti², Arash Satar³, Borzoo Khaledifar⁴, Razieh Mirzaeian⁵

¹ Ph.D in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. (Email: mobasheri@skums.ac.ir)

² Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran

³ BSc ,Health Center of Borojen city, Borojen, Iran

⁴ Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

⁵ MSc in Health Information Management.Research Assistant, Deputy of Research and Technology Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Shahrekord, Iran

Email: rmirzaeian@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Given the essential role of data collection and management in the health system, this study intended to evaluation of the observance rate of component information management in the health system of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiyari province based on World Health Organization standards. Materials and Method: This study descriptive-analytical nature tried to expelore the urban and rural health centers as well as rural health houses. Data were collected through a self-designed checklist produced based on the World Health Organization’s standards stipulated by World Health Organization composed of 6 data needs analysis components, 25 data collection components and 29 data processing components for the urban and rural centers on the contrary, for the questionnaire used for rural health houses, the number of components on needs analysis, data collection and processing were 55 and 5,respectively.Then the data were put into Spss16 and analyzed using Anova and t-tests. Findings: The difference between the rate of observing the information management in the information management in the 3 areas in question i.e. need assessment, data ghathering and data processing in the urban and rural health centers and rural health houses was not statistically significant (P>0/05). As for needs analysis, the highest mean score belonged to data collection and data processing with the three components enjoying mean Scores higher than medium. Conclusion: The findings of the study provided some evidence on the close matching and conformity between information management and world health organization standards especially for needs analysis component consideration to using this information in managerial decision making processes.

[Mahmoud Mobasheri, Masoome Alidosti, Arash Satar, Borzoo Khaledifar and Razieh Mirzaeian. An Evaluation of the Observance Rate of Component Information Management in the Health System of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiyari Province Based on World Health Organization Standards. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):409-413]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.66

Keywords: data need analysis, data collection, data processing, health information system.

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Assessment of Human Errors in Driving Accidents; Analysis of the Causes Based on Aberrant Behaviors

A. Haghi¹, D. Ketabi², M. Ghanbari³, H. Rajabi ⁴

¹MSc of Occupational Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

² Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of  Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

³Department of Occupational Health engineering, faculty of health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

⁴MSc of Occupational Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

E- mail: Rajabi@skums.ac.ir

Abstract: Introduction: Today, mortalities and injuries due to traffic accidents have been confirmed as a global phenomenon. Meanwhile, mistakes and high risk behaviors by drivers, is the most important intervening factor in traffic accidents. This study is to analyze the causes of traffic accidents according to drivers’ aberrant behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 540 taxi drivers using Manchester Driving Behaviour Questinnaire in 0-5 Likert scale. After being gathered, the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5  using Pearson Correlation and Logistic Regression. Findings: The mean score of aberrant driving behaviors was obtained 2.06 (± 0.47) and lapse obtained the highest score and driving mistakes did the lowest. As age advanced, the rate of aberrant behaviours declined (P = 0.006). Commitment of mistakes and offences was more prevalent in ages under 30 years compared to other age ranges and lapse in the individuals over 50 years was more prevalent compared to other items. The results of logistic regression indicated that all variables of DBQ are important in predicting Iranian drivers’ aberrant behaviors (P < 0.001), but intentional offences had the highest correlation. There was an inverse correlation between driving history and intentional offences and mistakes (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it could be said that intentional offences and lapse in driving behaviors are more predictive of self-reported accidents compared to other variables. The drivers in low ages are more willing to practice aberrant behaviors due to lack of adequate skill and experience and having intrinsic excitements. By contrast, as age advances, intentional offenses declines and the rate of lapses ascends. It seems that through provision of regular, periodic training for the drivers by occupation and creating awareness, aberrant behaviors and, by extension, traffic accidents could be effectively decreased.

[A. Haghi, D. Ketabi, M. Ghanbari, H. Rajabi. Assessment of Human Errors in Driving Accidents; Analysis of the Causes Based on Aberrant Behaviors. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):414-420]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.67

Keywords: Aberrant behaviors, traffic accidents, DBQ.

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Evaluation of negative predictive value (NPV) of 16-Row CT angiography in comparison with conventional angiography

 Ameneh Langari¹, Maryam Keivani^2*

¹ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

² Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Email: Maryam.Keivani@yahoo.com

Abstract: Negative predictive value (NPV) is one of the important indicatives for evaluating a medical procedure. Herein, we have evaluated the NPV of 16-multidetector-row CT angiography (CTA) in comparison with conventional invasive angiography (CIA) in the diagnosis of significant stenosis. In this regard, 8 patients suspected to stenosis were investigated. They patients were undertaken CIA procedure after CTA. The obtained results show, the NPV of 50% for patient-base analysis. The findings of this study reveal that CT angiography with 16-slice scanner might be considered as an acceptable technique for rapid triage of patients. Low values of NPV reveal a moderate performance of CTA. However, due to low number of patients, the obtained results cannot be used for final decision. Hence, more is required to improve and achieve reliable results.  

[Ameneh Langari, Maryam Keivani. Evaluation of negative predictive value (NPV) of 16-Row CT angiography in comparison with conventional angiography. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):421-424]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.68

Keywords: Negative predicted value (NPV), 16-multidetector-row, Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Conventional Invasive Angiography (CIA).

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An Assessment and Comparison of Information Quality of Hospital Information Systems in Medical-Teaching Hospitals of the City of Isfahan Based on DeLone and McLean’s Modified Model

Mahmoud Mobasheri¹, Sakineh Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani², Saeed Saeedbakhsh³, Maryam jahanbakhsh4, Borzoo khaledifar5, Mahboobeh Habibi⁶

¹ Ph.D in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord, Iran.

²Instructor, Social determinants of health Research Center, Isfahan

³University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

⁴Instructor, Health Information Technology Research Center, Medical Informatic Dept, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

⁵Instructor, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

⁶Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

6. Health Information Management Dept., Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Email: habibi@mng.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Taking the positive effects of the hospital information systems on patients' treatment process and organization's function into account, it is necessary to evaluate information quality provided by such systems. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess and compare information quality of hospital information systems in medical- teaching hospitals of Isfahan based on the DeLone and McLean's modified Model. Methodology: This research was applied and analytical-descriptive in nature and was performed in medical-teaching hospitals of Isfahan in 2010. Research population consisted of hospital information system's users, system developers and IT authorities selected by random sampling method. Data collection instrument was self-designed questionnaire. Questionnaires’ reliability was estimated by using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient that was found to be %94.08 and %96.8 for system users' questionnaire and system developers and IT authorities' questionnaire, respectively. Results: According to the findings of the study, the difference between the mean scores gained for information quality of all kinds of HISs and different hospitals were statistically significant, i.e. they were not the same (p<0.05). Generally, Kowsar system (new version) and Rahavard Rayaneh system gained the highest and lowest mean score, respectively. The total mean scores obtained for observing the standards stipulated for information quality was %60.2 for all hospital information systems and %60.8 for different hospitals, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be inferred that based on the applied model, the levelof observing the criteria of hospital information system was rather optimum. Thus, in order to reach a completely optimum condition, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the factors improving information quality, type of activity, type of specialty and property type.

[Mahmoud Mobasheri, Sakineh Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani, Saeed Saeedbakhsh, Maryam jahanbakhsh, Borzoo khaledifar, Mahboobeh Habibi. An Assessment and Comparison of Information Quality of Hospital Information Systems in Medical-Teaching Hospitals of the City of Isfahan Based on DeLone and McLean’s Modified Model. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):425-431]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.69

Keywords: Evaluation, Hospital information system, Hospital, DeLone and McLean’s model.

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The association of changes in electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac enzymes with One-month mortality in AMI patients referring to Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord

Arsalan Khaledifar¹, Mahmoud Mobasheri ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Echocardiography Fellowship, Department of Cardiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

²Ph.D in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of epidemiology and bio-statistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

E.mail: mobasheri@skums.ac.ir

Abstract: Background and aim: Various laboratory tests with their own particular strengths and weaknesses exist for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was conducted to determine the association of changes in electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac enzymes with One-month mortality in AMI patients referring to Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord in 2011. Materials and method: For this descriptive analytical study, 107 AMI patients were randomly enrolled. For gathering data a questionnaire was used. Demographic data and test results of cardiac enzymes, EKG, and echocardiography according to the medical profile were registered in the questionnaire. The follow-up continued for 40 days through phone calls and medical profile and the mortality and/or any recurrent myocardial complication was entered into the medical profile. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 11 using chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient, and t test. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.62±12.58years. Mortality showed a direct association with age and personal history of ischemic heart disease (p<0.05). In addition, one-month mortality was directly associated with troponin, ejection fraction, and the number of segments involved in echocardiography (p<0.05); troponin level in outliving people was less, the mortality among patients with less ejection fraction was higher, and the number of involved segments was higher in the dead compared to the outliving. Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the value of echocardiography in determining the prognosis of AMI. Moreover, troponin could have a high prognostic value in addition to its high value in diagnosis.

[Arsalan Khaledifar, Mahmoud Mobasheri. The association of changes in electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac enzymes with One-month mortality in AMI patients referring to Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord. Life Sci J 2013;11(9):432-436]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.70

Keywords: Electrocardiography, Echocardiography, Cardiac enzymes, Acute myocardial infarction.

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Sensitivity of 16-Row CT Angiography as Compared with Conventional Invasive Angiography

 Ameneh Langari¹, Maryam Keivani^2*

¹ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

² Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Email: Maryam.Keivani@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sensitivity is one of the important indicatives for evaluating the reliability of a medical procedure. Herein, we have evaluated the sensitivity of CT angiography (CTA) in comparison with conventional invasive angiography (CIA) in the diagnosis of significant stenosis. For this purpose we used a 16-multidetector-row scanning machine. In this regard, 8 patients suspected to stenosis were investigated. They patients were undertaken both procedures. The obtained results show, the sensitivity of 87.5 % for patient-base analysis. The findings of this study reveal that CT angiography with 16-slice scanner might be considered as an acceptable technique for rapid triage of patients. The moderate value of sensitivity depicts moderate score for CTA protocol for replacement. It should be noted that the low number of patients results in obtaining results which cannot be used for final decision. and more patients is required to examine the procedure.   

 [Ameneh Langari, Maryam Keivani. Sensitivity of 16-Row CT Angiography as Compared with Conventional Invasive Angiography. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):437-440]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.71

Keywords: Sensitivity, 16-multidetector-row, Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Conventional Invasive Angiography (CIA).

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Determination of Health Belief Model structures and Health-Promoting nutritional behaviors In Prevention of cardiovascular disease

Mahmoud Mobasheri.¹,Akbar Hassanzadeh ², Elahe Tavassoli³, Mehnoush Raisi ⁴, Hemamodean Javadzade ⁵, Zabihollah Gharli pour ⁶, Hamid reza Gilasi ⁷, Arsalan Khaledifar⁸, Masoome Alidosti⁹

¹ Ph.D in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of epidemiology and Bio-statistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

²Assistant professor in epidemiology,  Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

³PhD Candidate in Health Education & Health promotion, Department of  Public Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁴PhD Candidate in Health Education & Health promotion, The Student’s Research Committee Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁵PhD Candidate in Health Education & Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

⁶Faculty member, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

⁷Dept of Public Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.

⁸Assistant Professor, Echocardiography Fellowship, Department of Cardiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

⁹ Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

 E-mail: m_alidosti@hlth.mui.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death and disabilities in the world. The purpose of the present study is to determine Health Belief Model structures and Health-Promoting nutritional behaviors In Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic survey in 2010. A total number of 68 housewives were recruited in this study using a randomly sampling method. Data were collected using a self-made questionnaire and FFQ. Obtained data analyzed by SPSS₁₆ software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results indicated that the scores of HBM structures were low. Also Mean consumption of fruits in housewives was 130/24±57/72 and Mean consumption of vegetables in housewives was 220/73±112/85. There was a significant relation between all the HBM structures and consumption of fruit and vegetables (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems necessary; using interventional and educational approaches appropriate for target group features can help us take effective steps towards health promotion and Prevention of cardiovascular disease.

 [Mahmoud Mobasheri, Akbar Hassanzadeh, Elahe Tavassoli, Mehnoush Raisi, Hemamodean Javadzade, Zabihollah Gharli pour, Hamid reza Gilasi, Arsalan Khaledifar and Masoome Alidosti. Determination of Health Belief Model structures and Health-Promoting nutritional behaviors In Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):441-444]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.72

Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Belief Model, Prevention, nutritional behaviors

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Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training and drug therapy on quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Shahrekord

Kamal Solati Dehkordi¹, Masoud  Nikfarjam^{2 ,} Somaye Sanaei³

¹ Department of Psychology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

²Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

³ Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

E-mail: kamal_solati@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects 20-10 percent of the population. The current research is performed to compare the effectiveness of two methods of Mindfulness-based stress reduction training and drug therapy on quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. methods used: In this research, randomized clinical trial had three phases: pre-test, post-test and 4 months after the last intervention (follow up) was performed. The Sample consisted of 30 IBS-D patients were randomly selected according to Rome-II, III criteria and divided into two groups of mindfulness-based stress reduction training and drug therapy. The collected data were analyzed using Ancova test. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between Mindfulness-based stress reduction training and drug therapy group in quality of  life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in post-test and follow up stage (p<0/05). Conclusion: The rapists should consider modern psychotherapy techniques such as Mindfulness-based stress reduction training therapy as potential methods for Improve the quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

[Kamal Solati Dehkordi, Masoud Nikfarjam, Somaye Sanaei. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training and drug therapy on quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Shahrekord. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):445-449]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.73

Keywords: Mindfulness-based stress reduction training therapy, Drug therapy, Quality of life,Irritable bowel syndrome.

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Evaluation of specificity of CT angiography compared to conventional angiography for 16-Row Scanner

 Ameneh Langari¹, Maryam Keivani^2*

¹ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

² Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Email: Maryam.Keivani@yahoo.com

Abstract: Herein, authors have evaluated the specificity of CT angiography (CTA) in comparison with conventional invasive angiography (CIA) in the diagnosis of coronary stenosis. For this purpose, 8 patients suspected to stenosis was used. They were undertaken CIA procedure after CTA using 16-multidetector-row machine. Result reveals that for patient-base analysis, the specificity of CTA was 25%. The values of specificity reveal a unacceptable performance of CTA. However, due to low number of patients, the obtained results cannot be used for final decision.

[Ameneh Langari, Maryam Keivani. Evaluation of specificit of CT Angiography Compared to Conventional Invasive Angiography for 16-Row Scanner. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):450-453]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.74

Keywords: Positive predicted value (PPV), 16-multidetector-row, Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Conventional Invasive Angiography (CIA).

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Improvement of Consumption of fruits and vegetables aimed at the prevention of obesity in girl students

Mahmoud Mobasheri¹, Elahe Tavassoli², Ali Ramezankhani³, Parvin Mirmiran⁴, Yadollah Mehrabi⁵,

Masoome Alidosti⁶, Arsalan Khaledifar⁷

¹Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

²PhD Candidate in Health Education & Health promotion,Department of  Public Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran

⁶Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran

⁷Assistant Professor, Echocardiography Fellowship, Department of Cardiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract: Background: The intake of fruit and vegetables is considered an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Considering the importance of nutrition education especially Consumption of fruits and vegetables this study was performed to determine effect of health Education Based on Health Belief Model on the improvement of Consumption of fruits and vegetables aimed at the prevention of obesity in girl students  in Shahr-e-kord. Methods: Students aged 13-14 years (n 154) were recruited from four high schools in Shahr-e-kord city and randomly allocated to a control group or intervention group. The setting for the interventions was schools. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks. The instruments for data collecting were questionnaire health belief model based and FFQ questionnaire. The HBM questionnaire was completed 3 times (before, immediately and 2 months after education) and FFQ questionnaire was completed 2 times (before and 2 months after education) by students. After pre-test, 6 educational session classes in experimental group were performed. Finally data collected and analyzed by SPSS₁₆ computer software (T_ test, T-Paired, repeated measure ANOVA). Results: Two groups with no significant difference in terms of demographic variables. Before the intervention was not significant differences between the scores of different structures of this model in two groups (P>0/05), after the intervention was significant differences between experimental and control groups in the levels of knowledge, Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and Consumption of fruits and vegetables (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, intervention has positive impact on the improvement of Consumption of fruits and vegetables among students.

 [Mahmoud Mobasheri, Elahe Tavassoli, Ali Ramezankhani, Parvin Mirmiran, Yadollah Mehrabi, Masoome Alidosti, Arsalan Khaledifar. Improvement of Consumption of fruits and vegetables aimed at the prevention of obesity in girl students. Life Sci J 2013;11(9):454-458]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.75

Keywords: Education, Health Belief Model, Obesity, Consumption of fruits & vegetables.

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Exploring the Effect of Social Support and Religious beliefs on the Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Living in Borujen

Mahmoud Mobasheri¹, Zahra Yousefi², Azam Moradi³, Razieh Mirzaeian⁴, Borzoo Khaledifar⁵, Tahereh Golshahi⁶

¹ Shahrekord Ph.D in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of epidemiology and Bio-statistics, Faculty of health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

² PhD in General Psychology. Assistant Professor of Psychology Faculty in Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, Branch of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

³ PhD in General Psychology, Psychology Faculty of Payame Nour Shahrekord University, Shahrekord. Iran.

⁴ MSc in Health Information Management.Research Assistant, Deputy of Research and Technology Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Shahrekord, Iran.

⁵ Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

⁶ M.A. in General Psychology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

Email: tgolshahi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The pressures resulting from physical, mental and social fluctuations play a significant role in causing depression and decreasing the happiness in the elderly. The percieved social support and religious beliefs are among some parameters which influence their life satisfaction. Taking this into account, this study intends to examine the effect of social support and religious beliefs on the life satisfaction among the elderly living in Borujen. Methedology: This study which is descriptive-analytical in nature was conducted on 105 of the elderly living in Borujen. Data was gathered by using a questionnaire consisting of 3 variables i.e. social support, religious beliefs and the level of life satisfaction developed based on the following three questionnaires: Canty-Mitchell's Social Support Questionnaire (2000), Golriz and Brahnew's religious beliefs questionnaire and Dinner, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin's questionnaire for life satisfaction. The reliability of the developed questionnaire was found to be 0.83% using Cronbach coefficient α. The gathered data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Findings: Based on the findings of the study, the mean score for the level of life satisfaction among the elderly living in Borujen was found to be 22.46. There was a statistically significant relationship between the social support and the level of life satisfaction in the elderly (p<0.001). The addition of the religious beliefs variable was accompanied by an increase in the social support and the level of life satisfaction in the elderly living in Borujen (p<0.001). Conclusion: Given the need of the elderly to the social support from their surrounding people, it can be inferred that the social support and religious beliefs play a significant role in their level of life satisfaction promoting their life satisfaction.

[Mahmoud Mobasheri, Zahra Yousefi, Azam Moradi, Razieh Mirzaeian, Borzoo Khaledifar, Tahereh Golshahi. Exploring the Effect of Social Support and Religious beliefs on the Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Living in Borujen. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):459-464]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.76

Keywords: Life satisfaction, social support, leisure time, Religious beliefs, the elderly.

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Typology of decision making in high ranking managers of public sector in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province according to substantive rationality and instrumental rationality: Part 1

Aliakbar Rastar, Abolghasem Sharifi

Shahrekord university of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

E-mail: gh_sh_fr51@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Among the responsibilities which mangers are, in most theories and concepts on management, supposed to assume is decision making which is indeed considered as one of the main criteria in confirming their qualifications and/or assigning them to positions. Decision making is the main essence of management process and the heartbeat of the organization. Methods: The sample population consisted of 51 high ranking managers of the public sector and the questionnaire administration was done according to census method. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, etc. Results: Decision making style of 120 (39.2% of the) participants was based on substantive rationality and that of the rest was based on instrumental rationality. In addition, the results indicated no association between decision making style and age and management history, partial association between decision making style and organizational nature, and strong association between decision making style and academic degree (the participants with higher academic degrees had instrumental decision making  style). Conclusion: Regarding the present study’s results, we offer some recommendations on change of predominant paradigms in managerial environment of public organizations according to Islamic values and special attention to modifying the managers’ decision making style according to organizations’ nature.

 [Aliakbar Rastar and Abolghasem Sharifi. Typology of decision making in high ranking managers of public sector in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province according to substantive rationality and instrumental rationality: Part 1. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):465-468]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.77

Keywords: wisdom, instrumental rationality, intuitive rationality, decision making.

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Investigation of the tensile mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/nano iron oxide nanocomposite materials

Ameneh Langari¹, Maryam Keivani^2*

¹ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

² Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

*Email: Maryam.Keivani@yahoo.com

Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites are one of the most interesting topics for researchers in recent year duo to their good properties. These materials have become the center of interest in many medical applications such as medical devices and human prosthesis. In this research paper, rubber based nanocomposites has been prepared by mechanical blending and their tensil mechanical properties have been investigated. Two roll mill method is used for mixing Styrene Butadiene rubber (SBR) with nano iron oxide (NI) particles. Mechanical tests showed that increase in tensile strength and modulus with addition of NI to SBR compound.

[Ameneh Langari, Maryam Keivani. Investigation of the tensile mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/nano iron oxide nanocomposite material. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):469-472]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.78

Keywords: Tensile mechanical characteristics, Nano iron oxide particles, Rubber polymer, Polymeric nanocomposite material.

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Normal and Modified Urinary Nucleosides as Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

Ola H. El-Demerdash¹, Ghada M. Sabbour¹, Amira I. Hamed¹, Hala Abdel Al Ahmed^1* and A. A. Abou-Zeid²

Departments of Clinical and Chemical Pathology¹ and General Surgery²Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University, Egypt.

dr.h.alahmed@sih-kw.com

Abstract: Background: Up till now, there is still no ideal tumour marker for early diagnosis and effective monitoring, especially for patients who undergo surgical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: to evaluate the clinical utility of normal and modified urinary nucleosides as diagnostic biomarkers to be used for the purpose of screening for CRC, in addition to assessment of the correlation between their preoperative levels, tumour size and modified Duke's staging, as well as their role in monitoring of surgery, as compared to CEA, the routinely used serum marker. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients with CRC (Group I), 30 patients with benign colorectal diseases (Group II) and 30 apparently healthy subjects (Group III). Morning urine and serum samples were collected before surgery and on day 7 postoperative, for the assay of urinary nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, uridine, 1-methyladenosine, 7-methylguanosine and N4-acetylcytidine) by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum CEA by chemiluminescent sequential immunometric assay. Results: The levels of the measured urinary nucleosides in group I were significantly higher than those of group II or group III. Moreover, the elevated levels of the urinary nucleosides significantly decreased after curative resection of CRC. A significant positive correlation was found between the preoperative levels of some nucleosides and the tumour size, as well as the modified Duke's staging of CRC. Conclusion: Urinary nucleosides are satisfactory diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. Moreover, they are apparently of value in the postoperative monitoring of CRC patients.

[Ola H. El-Demerdash, Ghada M. Sabbour, Amira I. Hamed, Hala Abdel Al Ahmed and A. A. Abou-Zeid. Normal and Modified Urinary Nucleosides as Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):473-482]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.79

Keywords: Colorectal cancer – nucleosides- Biomarkers- Carcinoembryonic antigen

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Comparative study on immunogenicity of different inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines used in Egypt and role of prebiotic in improve immune response of commercial broiler chickens.

Kh. M. Elbayoumi ¹, Eman R. Hassan ¹, Zeinab M.S. Amin Girh ¹, M.M. Amer ², Hoda M. Mekky ¹, and M.A. Bosila ¹

¹ Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

² Poultry Disease Deptartment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

k_bayoumi2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy of different inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines given to 10 days old chicks with or without prebiotic. Both weekly sera for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and tissue samples for histopathology were applied while challenge test with virulent field virus were carried out at the end of the 3^rd week post vaccination. In this study; 360 1-day old commercial broilers were grouped into 12 equal groups (20 chicks each). Chicken groups were vaccinated by Hitchener B1 vaccine at 5 days of age for brimming followed by subcutaneous (S.C.) injection with inactivated ND vaccines as follow: groups (1& 6); (2& 7);( 3& 8); (4& 9) and (5 &10) were received monovalent inactivated Locally produced ND vaccine ND-SVRI; Volvac^® ND-AI; Volvac^® ND Conc. KV; Laprovet^® as well as Imopest^® vaccine; respectively. While groups 11 and 12 kept as positive control prebiotics and negative control groups; respectively. Groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were treated with commercial prebiotic from day one old. All vaccinated groups showed no clinical signs or mortalities, after challenge with field virulent virus control negative and those received prebiotics showed clinical signs and mortalities of 90% and 80% respectively. HI test result in groups treated with vaccine and prebiotics are high. By the end of 3^rd week post vaccination, the highest HI-titer were log₂ 9 in groups receive Volvac^® ND and Imopest^® followed by groups receive bivalent Volvac^® ND-AI and Laprovet^® which was 8.7, finally it was 8.2 for group received ND SVRI. Groups received prebiotics alone and control negative showed titres of 2 and 3 by the end of 3^rd week post vaccination; respectively. Vaccinated groups received prebiotics have positive effect on antibody titer for all vaccinated groups. Antibody titer was decreased sharply in all groups at 1 weeks post challenge. Groups receive vaccine without prebiotics was nearly 1 log lower than those received vaccine with prebiotics. Bursal sections of all vaccinated groups showed varied degree of histopathological changes from one vaccine to another as it showed slight lymphoid follicle depletion in groups received monovalent ND-SVRI and monovalent ND Laprovet®, while groups received bivalent Volvac^® ND-AI and Volvac^® ND Conc. KV showed moderate lymphoid depletion together with hyperactivity of the lymphoid follicle, while group received ND Imopest^® showed neutrophilia together with hyper activity of lymphoid follicle that shows even activated germinal center with presence of lymphoblast and mitotic. Bursa of groups received inactivated vaccines and prebiotics represented in as it showed light lymphoid follicle depletion with normal spleen and thymus. After challenge lesion in bursa of all groups showed changes varied from sever bursal depletion to sever bursal depletion with connective tissue formation, spleen showed depletion with congestion of red bulb, there was no pathological changes in thymus. It could be concluded that priming vaccination of chicks with live ND vaccine followed by inactivated Newcastle vaccine produce good immune response protect birds from challenge, moreover the use of prebiotics found to be of value in improving HI titers against Newcastle. The use of prebiotics to improve immune response to used Newcastle vaccines is important.

[Kh. M. Elbayoumi, Eman R. Hassan, Zeinab M.S. Amin Girh, M.M. Amer, Hoda M. Mekky, and M.A. Bosila. Normal and Modified Urinary Nucleosides as Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):483-487]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.80

Key words: inactivated ND vaccines, bivalent AI and ND vaccine, broiler chickens, HI test, challenge test, prebiotic, histopathology

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Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Gas Phase in Volume of a Regular Nozzle with Drop Structure of a Gas-Liquid Stratum

Volnenko Alexander Anatolievich, Serikuly Zhandos^*, Sarsenbekuly Didar, Kumisbekov Serik

Faculty Mechanical and Petroleum Engineering, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Tauke Khan ave. 5, 160012 Shymkent, Kazakhstan

drzhan@mail.ru

Abstract: In the paper, patterns of change of regime (gas stream, irrigation densities) and constructive parameters (step deployment of elements of a nozzle in the vertical and radial directions) are obtained for devices with regular nozzles of spherical, lamellar shapes and in the form of a tubular bundle. Optimal values of constructive nozzle parameters are determined, at which the regimes of simultaneous vortex of nozzle items in the course of the gas flow and vortex formation of independent nozzle elements in the radial direction. I want to mention especially the vortices formed in the flow of spherical and nozzle prismatic elements. The influence of the formation and interaction of the vortices on the size of the liquid droplets, which are the main structural element of the dispersed liquid phase in the apparatus of the design. Equations for calculating mass transfer coefficients in a gas phase and liquid diameters of formed drops are offered, based on the known laws of mechanics of gas and liquid.  

[Volnenko AA, Serikuly Zh, Sarsenbekuly D, Kumisbekov S. Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Gas Phase in Volume of a Regular Nozzle with Drop Structure of a Gas-Liquid Stratum. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):488-492]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.81

Keywords: mass transfer; regular nozzle; gas; liquid; vortices; diameter of drops.

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Comparative molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 strains from Egypt and the United States

Nader M. Sobhy, ¹* Sunil K. Mor,² Mohammed E.M. Mohammed,¹ Iman M. Bastawecy, ³ Hiam M. Fakhry,⁴ Christiana R.B. Youssef,⁵ and Sagar M. Goyal²

^1*Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt.

²Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

³Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt

⁴Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, East of Cairo 131, Egypt

⁵Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44519,  Egypt.

nadermaher@zu.edu.eg , yaaco003@umn.edu

Abstract: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important contagious viral pathogen negatively affecting the livestock industry because of respiratory illness and /or abortion. Most of the disease protection programmes in Egypt depend on imported vaccines and unfortunately molecular studies on molecular and phylogenic analysis of viral strains are rare. Such studies are needed to determine which viral strains should be used in vaccine manufacture so as to provide proper protection to susceptible animals in Egypt. The gB, gC, gD and gE glycoproteins of BoHV-1 are the most important because of their functional properties including virus entry into target cells, viral gene expression, DNA replication, and phylogenetic relationships. This is the first report in which glycoproteins of Egyptian BoHV-1.1 virulent strains have been sequenced and compared with U.S. strains, thus increasing our understanding about the genetic relatedness of various strains of BoHV-1 and between bovine alphaherpesviruses (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5). Our results indicate that the Egyptian Abu-Hammad strains are 100% similar to each other and with U.S. Cooper reference strain suggesting that vaccines based on the latter strain are adequate in providing protection to susceptible animals in Egypt.

[Sobhy NM,  Mor SK, Mohammed MEM, Bastawecy IM,  Fakhry HM, Youssef CRB, Goyal SM. Comparative molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 strains from Egypt and the United States. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):493-499]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.82

Keywords: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine herpes virus, molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, Egypt

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Production of Natural Pigments From Novel local Psychrotolerant Kocuria spp.

Hoda Hasan Yusef*, Mona Aly Belal*, Ebaa Ebrahim El-Sharouny*

*Botany and Microbiology Department- Faculty of Science- Alexandria University- Alexandria- Egypt.

ebaaloulou@yahoo.com

Abstract: Two local psychrotolerant coloured bacteria, Kocuria polaris MO and Kocuria carniphila MY, which were isolated from Nile river during winter in Kafer El-Shakhe-Egypt. They were investigated for natural pigments production as K. carniphila MY was a yellow isolate and K.polaris MO was an orange one. These natural pigments were extracted using acetone after cultivating both isolates on King’s medium and being incubated at 10°C for 7 days. Low incubation temperatures for both bacterial isolates were found to enhance production of large amount of pigments which was seen to be reduced by increasing temperature till it was completely vanished above 30°C. On the other hand, a pH value of 7-8 was optimum for pigmentation in both strains. Light was found to be suppressive for pigmentation in both isolates where in dark places pigment production was improved rather than in lightened ones. No significant difference was shown on pigmentation after incubating cells once static, and then shaken. Bacterial pigments were then identified by TLC, where it was found that K. carniphila MY contains β-carotene and xanthophylls, while K.polaris MO contains β-carotene and echinenone. Pigments were then separated by column chromatography and it was found that K. carniphila MY contains 0.127 mg/g of β-carotene and 4.073 mg/g xanthophills while K. polaris MO contains 0.308 mg/g of β-carotene and 0.2 mg/g of echinenone. β-carotene, echinenone and xanthophylls were determined spectrophotometrically after separation.

[Yusef, HH, Belal MA, El-Sharouny, EE. Production of Natural Pigments From Novel Local Psychrotolerant Kocuria spp. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):500-507]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.83

Key Words: Psychrotolerant bacteria, Kocuria carniphila, Kocuria polaris, natural pigments.

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Effect of two different types of precision attachments on the retention of partial denture (A comparative study)

Khalid Ahmad Omar Arafa

Associate Professor of Prosthodontics, Dean, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, P.O. Box: 1988 Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

drkhalidarafa@yahoo.com

Abstract:  This comparative study was made to test the retention of the partial dentures in 40 patients divided into two equal groups using two different precision attachments. It was found that, the first group with the first type of attachment showed significant higher values of retention than the second group.

[Khalid Ahmad Omar Arafa. Effect of two different types of precision attachments on the retention of partial denture (A comparative study) Life Sci J 2014; 11(9):508-511]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.84

Keywords: precision attachment, partial denture. 

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Effect of additive concentration and X-ray irradiation on the thermal and color properties of Polyvinyl alcohol

M.M. Abutalib

Physics Department, College of Science (Girls Branch), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

lolyhamada@gmail.com

Abstract: Thermogravimetric analysis TGA was carried out to obtain the activation energy of thermal decomposition for Polyvinyl alcohol PVA stabilized by Polyethylene glycol PEG. The effect of addition of PEG, with different concentrations, to PVA was studied. The results indicated that the addition of PEG with 0.015 g/1 g PVA led to a more compact structure of pure PVA which resulted in an improvement in its thermal stability with an increase in the isotropic character of the polymer samples. Samples from the 0.015 g PEG/1 g PVA were irradiated with X-rays in the dose range 10-100 Gy. The variation of onset temperature of decomposition, activation energy of thermal decomposition and refractive index has been investigated. In addition, the transmission of these samples in the wavelength range 370–780 nm, as well as any color changes, was studied. The color intensity ∆E was increased with increasing the X-ray dose indicating that the color difference is largely dependent on the proportions of the red and yellow color components.

[M.M. Abutalib. Effect of additive concentration and X-ray irradiation on the thermal and color properties of Polyvinyl alcohol. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):512-517]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.85

Keywords: PVA, PEG, X-ray irradiation, TGA, refractive index, Color difference

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Тhe energy and raw materials maintenance of the processes of the economic cooperation between the regions

Anzor Saralidze, Oleg Donichev

Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs, Vladimir, 60000, Russia

kafedra-euii@mail.ru, donoa@vlsu.ru

Abstract: This article deals with the problems of the resource support of the processes of the interregional economic integration, which is the basis for the implementation of the innovation modernization of the Russian economy. There the need to improve the effectiveness of the national production on the basis of the implementation of innovative technologies, to ensure high rates of the labour productivity growth, to raise the investment attractiveness of the branches of the economy was stressed. The objective of the effective and rational use and the consumption of all types of resources, fuel and electricity for the industrial production and the household needs was allocated as one of the main objectives.  The importance of increasing the production and the consumption of non-traditional and renewable as well as ecologically clean sources of energy was noted.

[Donichev О, Saralidze А. Тhe energy and raw materials maintenance of the processes of the economic cooperation between the regions. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):518-525]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.86

Keywords: the interregional economic integration, the innovative development of the economy, the resources maintenance, the reduction of the energy consumption.

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Micropropagation of the Endangered Medicinal Orchid, Dendrobium officinale

Bihua Chen ^1,2*, Stephen J. Trueman ³, Jianmin Li ^1,2, Qianzhen Li ^1,2, Huihua Fan ^1,2, Juan Zhang ^1,2

^1. Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China

^2. Key Laboratory of Timber Forest Breeding and Cultivation for Mountainous Areas in Southern China, China Forestry Bureau, Fuzhou 350012, China

^3. University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia

 chenbihua@hotmail.com

Abstract: The endangered medicinal orchid, Dendrobium officinale, has low reproductive capacity in its natural environment and its wild resources are exceedingly scarce. Domestication, including development of rapid propagation methods, is needed urgently to satisfy human demand for its medicinal products. This study developed optimized micropropagation methods for D. officinale by testing the effects of tissue culture media and additives on shoot proliferation and rooting. The optimal proliferation medium for D. officinale was ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS) with 2.0 mg L^-1 benzyladenine (BA) + 0.1 mg L^-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 100 g L^-1 potato extract. A rooting medium composed of ½ MS + 0.2 mg L^-1 BA + 1.0 mg L^-1 NAA provided 100% rooting. These methods allow reliable mass-production of D. officinale for medicinal purposes.

[Chen B, Trueman SJ, Li J, Li Q, Fan H, Zhang J. Micropropagation of the Endangered Medicinal Orchid, Dendrobium officinale. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):526-530]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.87

Keywords: Auxin, cytokinin, Dendrobium officinale, orchid, potato extract, tissue culture

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Organizational and Methodological Development Tools of Perspectives for Development of Spatial Economic and Social Systems

Alexey N. Gerasimov ¹, Yevgeny I. Gromov ¹, Yevgeny G. Dyachenko ¹, Alexander A. Voronov ², Valeriy P. Grahov ³

^1. Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Zootechnical Lane, 12, 355017, Russia

^2. Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Stavropoljskaja street 149, 350040 Russia

^3. Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk. Studencheskay street 7, 426069, Russia

gerasimov_77_77@mail.ru

Abstract: In the article the authors justified the complex of theoretical and methodical provisions aimed at improving the tools of research and development of tips for identifying the dominant of development of spatial economic and social systems that further strategic goals, involving formation of accelerated economic growth, increase of attraction as an investment, population living standards and quality of life. More specifically, we have developed the methodology of system diagnostics based on monitoring and forecasting developmental quotients (indicators) of spatial economic and social systems, which makes possible to adjust strategic plans adaptively and tactically to achieve the threshold values of benchmarks. We recommend a conceptual model of measures package implementation, including modules (organizational & managerial, strategic, tool), agreed on directions and tools to achieve the planning benchmarks values of strategic plan for development of spatial economic and social systems.

[Gerasimov AN, Gromov YI, Dyachenko YG, Voronov AA, Grahov VP. Organizational and Methodological Development Tools of Perspectives for Development of Spatial Economic and Social Systems. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):531-537]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.88

Keywords: Spatial economic and social systems; system diagnostics; adaptive and tactical adjustment; strategic plan for development; conceptual model; North Caucasian Federal District

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Early in-hospital Re-ischemia and/or Re-infarction following thrombolytics and non-thrombolytics therapy for myocardial infarction

Ahmed D. Alghamdi¹, Nadir El Akhdar¹, Abaci A², Marwan A. Bakarman³

¹ Dep. of Cardiology, International Medical Center (IMC), Jeddah, KSA

² Dep. of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Gazi, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey

³ Dep. of Family & Comm. Medicine. Rabigh Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, K.SA.

alghamdiahmed@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To compare the incidence of early in-hospital recurrent ischemia and/or reinfarction (fatal or nonfatal) in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) and those who did not receive thrombolysis, and to assess the clinical risk factors for reischemia and /or reinfarction in both groups. Methods: 285 consecutive patients presenting with STEMI were enrolled, and divided into two groups, whether refused primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and being eligible candidates for thrombolytic therapy in the first group, and those who were not the candidate to thrombolytic therapy in the second group. Eighteen clinical variables were assessed to identify the predictors of early in-hospital (pre-discharge) reischemia and/or reinfarction in both groups. Results: Thrombolytic therapy was given to 159 patients, while 126 (44.2%) patients were treated conservatively. Re-ischemia was diagnosed in 30 patients (19 in thrombolytic versus 11 in non thrombolytic candidates), while reinfarction was diagnosed in twelve patients (8 in thrombolytic versus 4 in non thrombolytic candidates). Five of the reinfarction events were fatal. The episodes occurred within 4.71±3.6 days in thrombolytic cases versus 5.85±2.5 days in the non thrombolytic cases (P=0.263). Anti-thrombotic and anti-ischemic medications were used equally in both groups (P=0.002 and P>0.05 respectively). However there was a significant higher rate of Beta-blockers usage among thrombolytic candidates than non thrombolytic candidates (P=0.002). Thrombolytic candidates were relatively younger than non thrombolytic candidates (P=0.001). Conclusion: Despite of conventional medical treatment including thrombolytic, anti-thrombotic and anti-ischemic therapy some survivors of MI were subjected to re-ischemia and/or reinfarction events during early in-hospital follow up. The incidence is slightly higher in patients who received thrombolytic therapy compared to those who did not, but statistically not significant.

[Alghamdi AD, ElAkhdar N, Abaci A, Bakarman MA. Early in-hospital Re-ischemia and/or Re-infarction following thrombolytic and non thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):538-543]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.89

Key words: Re-ischemia, reinfarction, thrombolytic therapy, Myocardial Infarction

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The Method of assessment and selection optimal technological decision (by the example of the choice of cast iron smelting technology)

¹A.S. Puryaev, ²E.A. Rybkina, ³ L.G. Zakirova

¹Department of Logistics and Marketing, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Russia

²Department «Management of enterprises», Kazan State Power Engineering University, Russia

³CJSC «AGROFORCE GROUP», Russia

Tel: +79172688319. E-mail: aidarp@mail.ru

Abstract. The essence and relevance of the optimization of the technological process in the foundry industry is uncovered in the article. Possible types of processes of iron smelting are presented. Particular parameters of optimization of technological processes of iron smelting are developed. The mathematical apparatus for the assessment and selection of the optimal variant of the technological process of smelting is offered. Estimation procedure and selection of the best option smelting technology from the totality of existing alternatives is developed.

[ A.S. Puryaev,  E.A. Rybkina,  L.G. Zakirova. The Method of assessment and selection optimal technological decision (by the example of the choice of cast iron smelting technology). Life Sci J 2014;11(9):544-549]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.90

Key words: optimization of technological process; cast iron smelting; desirability function; methods of optimization.

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Priority Based Multimedia Streaming Control

Rustam Rakhimov Igorevich ¹, Pusik Park ², Daekyo Shin ³, Dugki Min ⁴

^1,4. DMS Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea,

^1,3,2. Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 22 Daewangpangyo-ro 712beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea

^1. rustam@keti.re.kr, ^2.parksik@keti.re.kr, ^3.dkshin@keti.re.kr, ^4.dkmin@konkuk.ac.kr

Abstract: Usage of multiple cameras has become quite popular in various domains. The final output is usually displayed to the human who will watch and make a decision. When the number of cameras increases it is difficult to handle the outputs by single person. To overcome this issue, smart cameras and intelligent control center systems are created. This work is about handling video inputs from multiple cameras, by prioritizing the scene context. In this paper we suggest our architecture for efficiently building priority based multimedia streaming control system.

[Rustam Rakhimov Igorevich, Pusik Park, Daekyo Shin, Dugki Min. Priority Based Multimedia Streaming Control. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):550-556]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.91

Keywords: Priority, Multimedia, Stream, Context, Player, Server, Smart Camera.

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An Investigation of the longitudinal fluctuations of viscoelastic cores

Kurbanov Nabi Tapdyg, Babajanova Vusala Gamza

Department of General Math, Sumgait State University, Sumgait, AZE 5000, Azerbaijan

vusala11@gmail.com

Abstract: It is necessary to select a problem from dynamic problems of viscoelasticity about fluctuation of the viscoelastic systems which decisions are consolidated to Voltaire's integro-differential equation of the II type. The solution of this equation requires a problem of an analytical type of a kernel, or ths equation solves with various numerical methods. In this paper the approximate solution of this equation for any kernels at small viscosity is proposed. The decision in the form of a row is received, the original of which first member is the solution of this equation received by a known method averaging, and the accounting of the subsequent members of a row improves objective accuracy. Influence of the subsequent members of a row on the decision is calculated for Rzhanitsin's kernel and shown that it increases at increase in frequency.

[Kurbanov N.T, Babajanova V. G. An Investigation of the longitudinal fluctuations of viscoelastic cores. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):557-561]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.92

Keywords: viscoelasticity, heterogeneity, uniformity, longitudinal, density, image, original, instant module of elasticity, averaging method.

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“Comparative analysis of knowledge management in different parts of the world”

Lubna Riz V

Lecturer, Management Department, College of Business Administration, KSU

ljaved@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: People are beginning to realize the importance of knowledge and its great usefulness as a tool for competitive advantage. “Knowledge Management” envisages the creation of value from the indefinable assets of an organization. It demonstrates the best way to weigh knowledge within the organization with its employees and to all external and internal stakeholders. This paper envisages the investigation of “Knowledge Management Strategies Balanced System” for the development of an organization’s overall policy approach and management (Serenko, et al., 2008). The paper explores “Strategic Knowledge Management (SKM) using a composite tactical approach while concentrating on Knowledge Management comparisons between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and China. Because of the different economic situations and dynamics in these five countries it becomes quite difficult to properly analyse knowledge sharing and therefore the main focus of the paper is to do comparative analysis of knowledge management practices in these countries. The paper is not aimed to produce a theory or to develop any model.

[Lubna Riz V. Comparative analysis of knowledge management in different parts of the world. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):562-567]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.93

Keywords: Knowledge management, strategic management.

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Feeding European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) With Trash Fish

1-       Growth Performance and Reproductive Histology

Ahmed K.I.El-Hammady¹; Seham A. Ibrahim^2; Mohammed A.I.Wafa¹ and Fawzia A. El-Ghamadi ³

¹ Fish Nutrition Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.

 ²Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

³ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Abd El-Aziz University Jeddah, KSA

akelhammady@yahoo.com

Abstract: The effects of exposing commercial feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were examined to lower prices diet. Trash fish used as aqua feed were submitted to six feeding schedules in net pen cultivation (40 fish/net pen). Each treatment had two replicate net pen. The present study was performed to investigate the influence of individual fed local trash fish (8.6% of body weight) or dry pellet diet (2.2% of body weight) with four feeding schedules (Fs) as fed European sea bass (a range initial body weight from 19.57 to 24.85g) for 140 days. Fs1: 1.1% of body weight (BW) dry pellet at 9.00am and 4.3% of BW. Local trash fish at 14.00pm; Fs2: one day 2.2% of BW. Dry pellet diet consecutive another day 8.6% of BW. Local trash fish; Fs3: one day 2.2% of BW Consecutive two days 8.6% of BW Local trash fish; Fs4: two days 2.2% of BW. Dry pellet diet consecutive one day 8.6% of BW local trash fish. Growth performance, survival rate, proximate analysis of dorsal musculature and some somatic parameters of European sea bass were measured to assess four feeding schedules compared to fish fed only local trash fish or dry pellet diet. The improved of weight gain percentage, geometric mean were obtained in fish fed with feeding schedule No. 4(2 day fed dry pellet diet with one day feed local trash fish) compared to other feeding schedules. The survival rate of D. labrax feeding schedule No. 4were higher compared to other fish feeding schedule 1, 2, 3. Proximate analysis of dorsal musculature of different feeding schedules showed significantly (P < 0.05) concentrations of lipid compared to fish fed only local trash fish as dry pellet diet. Small, round and transparent oocytes with a central nucleus were observed in histological sections of ovaries. Though, testes based on microscopic observation were distinguished for male D.labrax and spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were the dominant cells of this stage. The results of this study revealed that the overlap between local trash fish with dry pellet diet under feeding schedule No.4, could be used in fed European sea bass (D. labrax) to give better growth performance.

[Ahmed K.I.El-Hammady; Seham A. Ibrahim^; Mohammed A.I.Wafa and Fawzia A. El-Ghamadi^. Feeding European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) With Trash Fish. 1. Growth Performance and Response Reproductive. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):568-583]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.94

Key Words: Dicentrarchus labrax, artificial diet, trash fish, growth performance, histology of ovary and testis.

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Feeding European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) With Trash Fish

2- Nutritive Utilization and Histological Digestive Tract.

Ahmed K.I. El-Hammady¹, Midhat A. El-Kasheif², Seham A. Ibrahim³ and Mohammed A.I.Wafa¹

¹Fish Nutrition lab, National Institute of Oceanograhphy and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.

² Fish Biology Lab., National Institute of Oceanograhphy and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.

³ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

akelhammady@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the major problems facing aquaculture is the raising prices of commercial feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and environmental risk with using inadequate supply of ingredient diets. An 20- week feeding experiment was conducted on D.labrax (initial body weight, BW, 22.25±0.59g) to determine higher benefit of dietary content from local trash fish (feeding rate 8.6% of body weight) or dietary content from dry pellet (feeding rate 2.2% of BW.) individually and or with overlap in four feeding schedules (Fs): Fs1: 1.1% of body weight (BW) dry pellet at 9.00am and 4.3% of BW. local trash fish at 14.00pm; Fs2: one day 2.2% of BW. Dry pellet diet consecutive another day 8.6% of BW. Local trash fish; Fs3: one day 2.2% of BW. Consecutive two days 8.6% of BW. local trash fish; Fs4: two days 2.2% of BW. Fish (in experimental diets) were maintained outdoor (40 fish / net pen culture) under natural condition of temperature and photoperiod with duplicate per treatment. The performance of feeding schedule compared with a dry pellet diet or local trash fish fed European sea bass was examined. Feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were better with fish feeding schedule 4, and fish was feed on only dry pellet diet comparison with feeding schedule (1.2.3). Protein, lipid and energy retention of D. labrax had significantly higher (P< 0.05) compared to fish fed only local trash fish. Histological observation in intestine of D. labrax reaction to fed dry pellet diet or trash fish with four feeding schedule. The degenerative changes included fused microvillii, the outer membrane of microvilli are broken cell swelling and hemorrhage in the submucosa regain with increased feed intake from dry pellet diet comparison to fish feed consume local trash.

[Ahmed K.I. El-Hammady, Midhat A. El-Kasheif, Seham A. Ibrahim and Mohammed A.I. Wafa.^. Feeding European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) With Trash Fish. 2- Nutritive Utilization and Digestive Tract. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):584-598]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.95

Key words: Trash fish, European sea bass, Feed efficiency, Histology of the digestive tract.

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Implementation of the competence-based approach into the system of training future teachers in higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan

Natalya Mirza, Rauana Mazhenova, Gulnaz Tleuzhanova, Nurmambek Ramashov, Gulden Akbayeva

Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov, 100019, Kazakhstan

d61975@rambler.ru

Abstract: The leading purpose of higher education in Kazakhstan is the formation of a coherent structure of professional activity. Theoretical, practical and creative components of readiness of a teacher to implementation of professional activity are studied in the article. The analysis of scientific literature, carried out by us, has allowed us to formulate a generalized image of the most significant elements of the competence-based approach in the domestic pedagogy. The purpose of the competence-based approach is ensuring the quality of education. Such phenomena as "competency" and "competence" are viewed as main units of updating the content of education. Data obtained during the study make a definite contribution to the study of the modern teacher professional competency; which allows carrying out its more differentiated development and scientific understanding in conjunction with professional training in higher educational institutions and in the process of post-graduate education.

[Mirza N., Mazhenova R., Tleuzhanova G., Ramashov N., Akbayeva G. Implementation of the competence-based approach into the system of training future teachers in higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):599-605]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.96

Keywords: Competence, professional competency, communicative competency, pedagogical technologies, pedagogical system, pedagogical culture.

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Influence of intramuscular introduction of nanosized copper particles on element status of rats

Sizova Еlena¹, Miroshnikov Sergey²

¹Orenburg State University, Pobedy pr. 13, Orenburg, 460018 Russia, E-mail: Sizova.L78@yandex.ru

²State Educational Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding RAAS», 29, 9-Yanvarya, Orenburg, 460018, Russia

Abstract: The paper presents the results of studies on influence of copper nanoparticles on mineral content of body tissues of rats with parenteral way of their introduction in the body. It was established that during manifold introduction of copper nanoparticles in biotic dosages no critical change in common pool concentration of microelemenents, toxic and essential elements as well as in content of administered copper in tissues of animals occur. This fact attests to the positive stability of common pool of macro- and microelements and to the absence of irregularities in the system of metal homeostatic regulation in organism during nanoparticles introduction in organism.

[Sizova Еlena, Miroshnikov Sergey. Influence of intramuscular introduction of nanosized copper particles on element status of rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):606-609]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97. doi:10.7537/marslsj110914.97

Key words: element status, nanoparticles, copper, chemical elements.

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Effect of drawdown of Karli Lake: A Case Study of Karli landslide hazard in District Hattian, Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan

Muhammad Basharat¹, Joachim Rohn², Muhammad Rustam Khan¹

¹Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

²GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

*Corresponding Author, email: basharatgeo@yahoo.com