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Characterization of lipase from Trichoderma viride and its role in the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

Mohamed E. Osman, Amany Abo El- Nasr and Nashwa H. Abdullah

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

amanyabonasr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Lipases of Trichoderma viride were precipitated from the cultural medium with different methods. Acetone precipitation at 60% saturation point was the best one. The enzyme was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography using sephadex G-75. The enzyme was found to be of 25.2 KDa. The maximal activity has been obtained at high temperature (60⁰C) but the enzyme tolerates temperature up to 45⁰C. Also, it is characterized by its high stability and activity at the acidic pH values. The maximum activity has been maintained at pH 3 (49.1 unit/ml), with 80% residual activity. Also, it was stable with enhanced activity in the presence of bile salts (124% residual activity was maintained even after 45 min. incubation with 6 mM sodium cholate). Also, lipase enzyme showed nearly 100% residual activity in presence of trypsine enzyme. The enzyme has been tested for its ability in the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency using L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis mice models. The enzyme has the ability to decrease the weight loss and enhance fat digestion in this case. The total lipid level in serum after fat diet was enhanced from 837.99 mg/dl, in case of acute pancreatitis group without enzyme supplying, to 949.7 mg/dl, in case of acute pancreatitis group supplied with the enzyme, and a total weight gain of +0.21 gm body weight has been reported after the enzyme supplying for only 4 days.

[Amani S. Awaad, Mohamed E Zain, Monerah R. Al. Othman and Sahar K. Al-Dosary. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against pathogenic microrganisms. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):1-9]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.01

Keywords: Lipase, Trichoderma viride, Bile salts, Trypsine, pancreatitis.

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Variation in Growth, Yield and Molecular Genetic Diversity of M2 Plants of Cowpea Following Exposure to Gamma Radiation

Abdelfattah Badr¹, Hanan I. Sayed Ahmed², Marwa Hamouda², Mohamed Halawa², and Mohamed A. Elhiti²

¹. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

². Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt

hanahmed29@hotmail.com

Abstract: Seeds of five cowpea varieties, Kaha 1, Dokki 331, Azmerly, Cream 7 and Giza 6, were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation at50, 100, 200 and 300Gy. Some growth parameters and yield components were measured in 22 M2 genotypes. Variation in seed protein electrophoretic pattern, RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting was scored to assess genetic variation among the M2 genotypes. T he gamma dose of 50 Gy resulted in an increase of growth parameters and enhanced yield components in the three varieties Dokki 331, Azmerly and Cream 7; while the dose of 100 Gy resulted in higher growth rate and yield in var. Kaha 1 and var. Giza 6. Analysis of seed protein profile indicated specific bands for each variety; two bands appeared only in control plants and two other bands appeared inM2 plants of exposed seeds. Seven RAPD primers produced 30 polymorphic and 30 monomorphic bands. Meanwhile, 54 markers including 45 polymorphic bands were produced by the nine ISSR primers. Gamma radiation induced more genetic variation in the genotypes of var. Kaha 1 and var. Dokki 331 compared to other varieties, as estimated by the cluster analysis of seed protein, RAPD and ISSR markers.

[Abdelfattah Badr, Hanan I. Sayed Ahmed, Marwa Hamouda, Mohamed Halawaand Mohamed A. Elhiti. Variation in Growth, Yield and Molecular Genetic Diversity of M2 Plants of Cowpea Following Exposure to Gamma Radiation. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):10-19]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.02

Key words: Gamma radiation, Molecular markers, Genetic diversity, Cowpea, Growth, Yield.

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Assessment of Non-emergency Cases Attending Emergency Department at King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah; Pattern and Outcomes.

Marwan A. Bakarman¹, Nouf K Njaifan²

^1.Dep. of Family and Comm. Medicine. Rabigh Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, K. Saudi Arabia

² Primary Health Care, MOH, Jeddah, K. Saudi Arabia

mbakarman@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objectives: To estimate a period-percentage of non-emergency cases attending emergency department (ED) at King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, KSA and to describe the pattern and outcome of those cases. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, taking a representative random sample of patients who attended the emergency department of King Fahd Hospital in 2012. A checklist was completed using the file data in ED archive. This list contains socio-demographics, medical status, complaints, emergency level and outcome. The Canadian emergency department triage and acuity guidelines (CTAS) were used to assess the emergency level. Results: We analyzed 388 patients’ files, of which (82.7%) were adults, (71.9%) were Saudis and (69.1%) were male. Only (7.9%) of the patients arrived in ED by ambulance. Trauma and RTA were the main causes of attending ED (24.5%), followed by fever (12.4%) and GIT complaints (11.9%). Based on the CTAS classifications, (42.3%) of the patients were class V, (22.7%) class IV (less and non urgent), and only (3.1%) in class I (Resuscitation). Our study revealed that (22.7%) of the patients needed admission to hospital. Conclusion: Inappropriate utilization of the ED is a common practice in the Saudi community. Most of the patients come with minor self-limiting complaints. Concept of “fast track” units should be introduced in ED to ensure the expeditious management of low acuity patients.

[Marwan A. Bakarman, Nouf K Njaifa. Assessment of Non-emergency Cases Attending Emergency Department at King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah; Pattern and Outcomes. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):20-25]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.03

Key words: Non-emergency cases, emergency department, Jeddah, KSA.

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Could Thymoquinone Protect The Liver Against Indomethacin Toxicity?

Mohamed Abdelmohsen Abdallah¹* and Mohamed Elsayed Kelany²

¹ Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufeya University, Egypt.

² Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

* mwmdy@yahoo.com: yasserbast@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (IND), utilized in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, has been found to induce liver disorders in both animals and humans. Its administration in a high dose causes hepatic toxicities and results in liver cell deaths by activating multiple stress pathways. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on indomethacin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Study design: Male adult albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I: control non-treated group; the rats were treated orally with normal saline, Group II: TQ-treated (TQ) group; the rats were treated with TQ in the dose of 10 mg/kg/day orally, Group III: single high dose IND- treated (SHDI) group; the rats were treated with IND in the dose of 25 mg/kg once orally at the end of the duration of normal saline treatment, and Group IV: concomitant TQ- and IND- treated (CT/I) group; the rats were treated orally with TQ in the dose of 10 mg/kg/day, and then with IND in the dose of 25 mg/kg once at the end of TQ treatment. The treatment was for 4 weeks for all groups. At the end of the experiment, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin, total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were measured in all rats. Agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA (DNA analysis) for rat’s liver tissue was investigated also after sacrificing the rats. These parameters were expressed as the means of the effects ± SEM. Results: There were significant (P < 0.001) decrease in serum ALT and AST. and significant (P < 0.001) increase in serum TAC and DNA analysis between CT/I group and SHDI group. Albumin was not significantly changed (P > 0.05) between CT/I group and SHDI and control groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that TQ is strong protective agent against IND-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The collective data demonstrated that TQ has the potential to scavenge oxidants and decrease apoptotic changes and revealed a possible protective target mechanism for the damaging effects of IND on liver in rats.

[Mohamed Abdelmohsen Abdallah and Mohamed Elsayed Kelany. Could Thymoquinone Protect The Liver Against Indomethacin Toxicity? Life Sci J 2014;11(8):26-33]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.04

Keywords: Thymoquinone, Indomethacin, apoptosis, oxidation.

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Hepatoprotective Effect of Chamomile Capitula Extract against 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid- Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Dalal A.A. Al-Baroudi¹, Reham A. Arafat² and Thana A. El-kholy³

¹King Fhad Medical Research Center, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economic, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

damb2003@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of Chamomile capitula for 4 weeks on hepatotoxicity induced  to rats by herbicide 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 D). These effects could be explored by measuring body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and relative weight of the liver. Serum levels of liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and antioxidant enzymes; glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Methods: Thirty six male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups as follows: - Group1: negative (normal rats) control; Group 2: positive (hepatotoxic) control given dose of 75 mg/kg b.wt., of 2, 4- D for 4 weeks; Group 3: Positive (hepatotoxic) control given dose of 150 mg/kg b.wt., of 2, 4-D for 4 weeks; Groups 4: given orally Chamomile capitula extract in a dose of 500 mg/kg b.wt., alone. Groups 5 and 6: given combination of Chamomile capitula extract with either the accumulative doses of the 75 mg/kg b.wt, or the 150 mg/kg b.wt., of 2, 4-D for 4 weeks. Results: The results showed that oral administration of Chamomile capitula extract to hepatotoxic rats for 28 days significantly decreased the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), total bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and  positive groups. Levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased as compared to the control positive groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that Chamomile capitula aqueous extract induces potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in 2, 4 D - hepatotoxic rats. This study recommends that intake of Chamomile capitula extract as a herbal tea may be beneficial for patients who suffer from liver diseases and oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes.

[Dalal A.A. Al-Baroudi, Reham A. Arafat and Thana A. El-kholy. Hepatoprotective Effect of Chamomile Capitula Extract against 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid- Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):34-40]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.05

Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Chamomile, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant   enzymes.

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Allelopathic effects of Heliotropium bacciferum leaf and roots on Oryza sativa and Teucrium polium

Wafa'a. A. Al-Taisan

Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 838, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia.

Waltaisan@ud.edu.sa

Abstract: In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the potential allelopathic effects at different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50 and 75%) of water extract of roots and leaves of Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. on seed germination, seedling growth and biochemical constituents changes Oryza sativa L and medical plants Teucrium polium L. The results showed that the roots and leaves extracts of H. bacciferum caused a general phytotoxic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of O. sativa and T. polium at all concentrations. It was noticed that the germination in both tested plants was delayed for one and two days at the highest levels of extract (50 and 75%). The degree of seed germination inhibition was higher in leaf extract more than root extract of heliotrope plants. Also, O. sativa seeds were more affected at different extract concentration than T. polium. With respect to the internal metabolites, a gradual increase in the proline content, decrease in the chlorophyll content and consequently the soluble sugar content is proportional to the increase the concentrations of water extract of roots and leaves of heliotrope. Aqueous extract of heliotrope leaves induced more inhibitory effects than aqueous extract of heliotrope roots. A greater inhibitory effect was observed on T. polium as compared with O. sativa. Consequently, the aqueous extracts from H. bacciferum have allelopathic potential and should be evaluated as an allelopathic species, presenting arisk to seed germination and seedling growth of crops or weeds.

[Wafa'a A Al-Taisan. Allelopathic effects of Heliotropium bacciferum leaf and roots on Oryza sativa and Teucrium polium. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):41-50]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.06

Keywords: Allelopathy; germination; Heliotropium bacciferum; Orysa sativa; Teucrium polium.

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The Prognostic value of N-Terminal-ProBrain Natriuretic Peptide in the Diagnosis and to Detect the Progression of Left Ventricular Mass and Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Emam Waked¹; Emad Abdallah¹; Ashraf Abd El-Khalik²; Malak Nabil¹ and Faten El-Shanawani³

¹Nephrology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

²Intensive Care Unit, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

³ Clinical Chemistry Departments, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

abdallahemad66@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Mild renal dysfunction is an important cardiovascular risk factor predispose to coronary heart disease. In recent years natriuretic peptides have become promising candidates in the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as heart failure. In end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, the clinical benefit of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements has not been well established. Aim of the study: Is to evaluate the role of serum NT-proBNP levels in diagnoses and to detect the progression of left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular mass in a sizable cohort of stable patients on chronic HD without clinical signs of progressive heart failure. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 100 persons, 55 were known as ESRD patients on regular conventional hemodialysis (HD) [Dialysis group] and 25 patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) not on HD [CKD group] in addition to 20 healthy volunteers [control group]. All participants were thoroughly interrogated and examined clinically and were subjected to plasma NT-proBNP level and transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after six months. Results: Mean NT-proBNP showed significantly higher mean in dialysis group (252.88 ±125.193 fmol/ml) compared to the CKD group(168.266 ±134.881 fmol/ml[P=0.007], and the control group(9.075±6.707fmol/ml)[P<0.001].There was a significant strong inverse correlation between NT-proBNP and ejection fraction(EF) (P<0.001). There was also a strong positive correlation between NT-proBNP and change of EF over six months (∆ EF) (P<0.001). Also there was a significant strong positive correlation between NT-proBNP and left ventricular mass (LVM) & LVM index(LVMI) and change of LVM & LVMI over six months (∆ LVM) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study recommended that plasma NT-proBNP assessment is an easy non invasive test and should be monitored in HD patients owing to its close relation to LVM, systolic dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. Rising NT-proBNP levels may reflect worsening ventricular stress and may help earlier diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

[Emam Waked, Emad Abdallah, Ashraf Abd El-Khalik, Malak Nabil and Faten El-Shanawani. The Prognostic value of N-Terminal-ProBrain Natriuretic Peptide in the Diagnosis and to Detect the Progression of Left Ventricular Mass and Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):51-59]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.07

Keywards: NT-proBNP, CKD, LVM & LVMI.

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Online Blood Donation Reservation And Managementsystem In Jeddah

Sara A. Hashim, Afnan M. Al-Madani, Shatha M. Al-Amri, Abeer M. Al-Ghamdi, Bayan S. Bashamakh. Nahla Aljojo, PhD

Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box: 80221 Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

naljojo@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Web-based Blood Donation Management System is a management system website that enables individuals who want to donate blood to help the needy. It also enables hospitals to record and store the data for people who want to communicate with them, and it also provides a centralized blood bank database. The system is developed by using HTML, PHP, and MySQL as a database system to manage and store the data. The Waterfall Methodology, which is the traditional version and the classic approach of a system development life cycle, is used to develop and build the web-based blood bank. The system targets three types of user: the public who wants to donate blood, the recipients who need the donated blood, and the hospitals who that work as an intermediary to manage the communication between the donors and recipients. The main objectives for developing the website is to educate the community on the benefits of blood donation, develop a Web-Based Blood Bank System to manage the records of donors and recipients, and encourage voluntary blood donation, easily accessing any information about blood type and the distribution of the blood in various hospitals in Jeddah, based on the hospital needs.

[Hisham S, Al-Madani A, Al-Amri A, Al-Ghamdi A, Bashamakh B, Aljojo N. Online Blood Donation Reservation And Managementsystem In Jeddah. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):60-65]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.08

Keywords: National Institutes of Health (NIH), Management Information System (MIS).

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Histopathology and oxidative stress in the liver of Chalcalburnus tarichi living in lake Van, Turkey

Burak Kaptaner¹, Ertuğrul Kankaya², Abdulahad Doğan¹, İsmail Çelik¹

^1. Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey

^2. Fisheries Faculty, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey

bkaptaner@yahoo.com

Abstract: To assess the environmental quality in the Lake Van, Chalcalburnus tarichi, the only vertebrate and an endemic carp species of this lake basin, samples were collected from the lake, and their livers were examined histologically for this purpose. Histological alterations were recorded and evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the liver lesion categories and their severities. According to the results, five of a total of forty samples displayed normal (healthy) liver architecture, but the others displayed various histopathological alterations, including hepatocyte vacuolization, fatty degeneration, increase in melanomacrophage centers, necrosis, infiltration, congestion, fibrosis, single cell necrosis, bile duct alterations, glycogen depletion and nuclear pleomorphism. Liver index values were calculated and found to be changed between 2 and 50 (≤4 for fish with normal livers (FwNL) and ≥8-50 for fish with histopathological livers (FwHL). We also investigated oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) in FwHL as compared with FwNL. LPO and CAT were found to be significantly higher in FwHL, indicating increased oxidative stress. The results revealed that the observed histological and biochemical alterations in the livers of C. tarichi reflect the effects of environmental stressors present in the lake water causing pollution.

[Kaptaner B, Kankaya E, Doğan A, Çelik İ. Histopathology and oxidative stress in the liver of Chalcalburnus tarichi living in lake Van, Turkey.. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):66-77]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.09

Keywords: Fish; Chalcalburnus tarichi; liver; histopathology; oxidative stress biomarkers.

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The antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts, commonly used by Saudi people, against multidrug resistant bacteria

Samyah D. Jastaniah

1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah

sdjastaniah @kau.edu

Abstract: Increasing the use of antibiotic is harmful to human health, ecosystem and environment and enhancing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens. Medicinal plants have recently received the greatest attention to find naturally occurring substances with therapeutic value. Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus and Nerium oleander were collected, dried and extracted with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate or water. The obtained extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The methanolic extracts were the most active, thus they were screened for their antimicrobial activity against some different genera of bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The tested bacteria included resistant bacteria to one or more antibiotics. The obtained extracts exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the tested bacteria and the less inhibited bacterium was Salmonella. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the methanol extracts ranged from 50-100 µg/ml. No toxicity for C. sativum, C. sativus was found using Artimia salina as test organism whereas acute toxicity was recorded for N. oleander. The extract of C. sativus showed excellent antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

[Samyah D. Jastaniah. The antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts, commonly used by Saudi people, against multidrug resistant bacteria. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):78-84]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.10

Keywords: plant extract, antibiotic, MIC, Nerium oleander, Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus, toxicity and antitumor.

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Establishment and Biological Characterization of Fibroblast Cell Line From the Wenchang Chicken

Pei Pei, Yabin Pu, Yuhua Zhao, Zhiqiang Zhu, Junchang Kan, WeiJun Guan*, YueHui Ma*

Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

dominator87@163.com

Abstract: The fibroblast cell line from the Wenchang chicken was successfully established by the attachment culture method and the cryopreservation biotechniques. Cell morphology, dynamic proliferation and any contamination present were tested, the karyotype, levels of isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase were analysed. Results showed that the cells were morphologically consistent with fibroblasts, and the growth curve was sigmoidal with a population doubling time (PDT) of 48 h. Karyotyping and G-banding indicated a total chromosome number of 2n=78; Isoenzyme analysis confirmed that there was no cross-contamitation in the culture. The three types of fluorescent protein extro-genes appeared to be expressed effectively with high transfection efficiency between 15.6% and 38.6%. The results indicate that the quality of the cell line meet the quality requirements of the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection).

[Pei P, Ma YH, Guan WJ. Taxonomic Diversity of Understorey Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):85-89]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.11

Keywords: Wenchang chicken; fibroblast; biological characteristics.

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) Genotypes Using RAPD Markers

M. S. Mia¹, A. K. Patwary¹, L. Hassan¹, M. M. Hasan², Md. Amirul  Alam², M. A. Latif², M. Monjurul Alam Mondal² and Adam B. Puteh^2*

¹Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, BANGLADESH, ² Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: adam@upm.edu.my

Abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) is an important spice crop in Bangladesh as well as in all over the world for its economical and medicinal values. A measure of the existing genetic diversity is essential for planning a meaningful breeding strategy. Moreover, assessment and characterization of genetic diversity of the available germplasm is important to know the source of gene for particular trait of interest. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity among eight ginger genotypes using RAPD markers. A total of 16 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 100–1000 bp were amplified by using three selected primers of which 10 (62.50%) were polymorphic. BARI ada-1 was more homogenous than others and Syedpuri was found less homogenous showing the low intra-variety similarity value (75.56). the genotype ‘Syedpuri’ was found as more diversified from the viewpoint of lowest intra-variety similarity index value, highest gene diversity, proportion of polymorphic loci and highest level of genetic variation. The cluster analysis indicated that the eight genotypes were grouped into two major clusters. ‘Indian’ alone formed the first major cluster while the second major cluster had seven genotypes and was divided into two minor clusters. China and Sherpuri genotype pair was very close to each other with the lowest genetic distance (0.03). On the other hand, Indian and Syedpuri pair was more distant to each other with the highest genetic distance (0.55). RAPD analysis revealed a considerable level of polymorphism among the studied genotypes. The genetic variation thus detected has significance for ginger improvement programs.

[Mia MS, Patwary AK, Hassan L, Hasan MM, Alam, MA, Latif MA, Alam MM, Puteh AB. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) Genotypes Using RAPD Markers. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):90-94]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.12

Key words: Genetic diversity, Ginger, RAPD marker, Crop improvement.

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Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bone Mineral Density among healthy Men

S. Khoja ¹, S. alhashemi^{1- 3} and M. S. Ardawi^2-3

¹ Depatment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

² Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³ Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

skhojah@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue that may lead to weak and fragile bone. It is affected by numerous factors, including age, dietary factors, lack of exercise, menopause, underweight, excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on Bone mineral Density (BMD) and examine the relation between cigarette smoking and vitamin D among men. A total of ninety-six males, aged between 32–50 years, were recruited and divided into 4 groups according to their smoking status: non smoker (n=26), light smoker (n=18), moderate smoker (n=26) and heavy smoker (n=26). Participants visited the Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research (CEOR) at King Abdul Aziz University and completed a questionnaire about medical history, lifestyle and smoking habits. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating men. Bone density was measured using dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) at three sites, the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femur neck and total hip. Serum Ca, PO₄, Mg, iPTH, 25-OHD₃, OC and CTx were measured. We found that bone mineral density at femur neck was significantly lower in light and heavy smoker groups compared to non smoker group (P< 0.05). BMD were positively correlated with body mass index (P<0.01) and waist to hip ratio (P<0.01) in heavy smoker group and negatively correlate with number of years smoked (P< 0.05). Nearly 69% of our study population had low serum 25-OHD levels (<25nmol/L). In the heavy smoker group, 80% had vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) compared with 46% in the non-smoker group. There were a significant negative correlation between serum 25-OHD and number of cigarettes smoked daily (P< 0.05) and PTH level (p<0.01) in heavy smoker group. Smoking was associated with reduced BMD in the heavy smoker group and the smoking duration (years) had a stronger effect on BMD than the number of cigarettes smoked daily.

[S. Khoja, S. alhashemi and M. S. Ardawi. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bone Mineral Density among healthy Men. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):95-100]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.13

Key words: Osteoporosis, Bone mineral density, Cigarettes smoking, Vitamin D.

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Effects of Integrated Use of Prilled Urea, Urea Super Granule and Poultry Manure on Yield of Transplant Aus Rice and Field Water Quality

Nusrat Jahan¹, Md. Rafiqul Islam¹, A. B. Siddique¹, M. Rafiqul Islam¹, M. M. Hasan², S. M. Shamsuzzaman³ and A. W. Samsuri⁴

¹Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

²Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,

³Soil Resource Development Institute, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.

⁴Department of Land Management, University Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author’s email: samsuri@agri.upm.edu.my

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) alone and their combinations with poultry manure (PM) on growth and yield of transplant Aus rice (cv. BR 21) and field water quality. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer), T2: (165 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea), T3: (119 kg N ha-1 from USG), T4: (82 kg N ha-1 from prilled urea + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure) and T5: (56 kg N ha-1 from USG + 3 t ha-1 poultry manure). The highest grain (3.19 tha-1) and straw yields (4.51tha-1) were obtained from treatment T5 (56 kg N ha-1 USG + 3.0 t ha-1 poultry manure) while the lowest grain (1.99 tha-1) and straw yield (3.38 tha-1) were recorded for T1 (control). Treatment T3 (119 kg N ha-1 from USG) performed better than T2 and T4 indicating the superior effect of USG over prilled urea. The N, P, K and S contents in the grain and straw and their total uptake were influenced profoundly due to application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure. In case of rice field water quality, the USG generated available NH4-N slowly but spontaneously over the entire growth period compared to prilled urea indicating a beneficial role of USG. The other properties of field water like pH, EC were also influenced by the application of prilled urea, USG and poultry manure. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with poultry manure was more effective in producing higher rice yield and at the same time reduce water pollution.

[Nusrat Jahan, Md. Rafiqul Islam, A. B. Siddique, M. Rafiqul Islam, M. M. Hasan, S. M. Shamsuzzaman and A. W. Samsuri. Effects of Integrated Use of Prilled Urea, Urea Super Granule and Poultry Manure on Yield of Transplant Aus Rice and Field Water Quality. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):101-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.14

Key words: Urea super granule, prilled urea, poultry manure, water properties, rice yield, N use efficiency.

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Effect of Number of Seedling Hill^-1 on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Fine Rice Varieties in Rain fed Condition

M. S. Islam, ^1,3 M.A. R. Sarkar^2, M. J. Alam^1,3, M. A. Kashem^1,3, M.Y. Rafii^3,4 and M. A.Latif^{4, 5*}

¹Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), BAU Campus, Mymensingh

²Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

³Institute of Tropical Agriculture (ITA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

*Corresponding address: alatif1965@yahoo.com; shahidul_06@yahoo.com

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the rain fed condition in July to December, 2011, with a view to study the performance of aromatic fine rice under different number of seedling hill^-1. The experiment was carried out with four aromatic fine rice varieties (V₁= BRRI dhan34, V₂= Ukunimadhu, V₃= Basmati and V₄= Kataribhog) and four different number of seedling hill^-1 (N₁= one number of seedling hill^-1, N₂= two number of seedling hill^-1, N₃= three number of seedling hill^-1 and N₄= four number of seedling hill^-1). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications assigning variety in the main plot and the four different number of seedling hill^-1in the sub plot. Experimental result showed that aromatic fine rice varieties and number of seedling hill^-1 individually had significant effect on the agronomic parameters except number of non-effective tiller hill^-1, number of unfilled spikelets panicle^-1, 1000-grain wt (g). The highest grain yield (2.32 t ha^-1) was obtained in Kataribhog, which, was similar to Basmati (2.31 t ha^-1) followed by Ukunimadhu. The highest grain yield was (2.31 t ha^-1) with two number of seedling hill^-1 which was statistically similar to three number of seedling hill^-1 (1.96 t ha^-1) but different from single number of seedling hill^-1 and four number of seedling hill^-1.The lowest grain yield were with one and four number of seedling hill^-1 but straw yield (5.00 t ha^-1) was significeantly higher with four number of seedling hill^-1. Combined effect showed that two number of seedling hill^-1 produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later of number of four seedling hill^-1 production of grain yield was decreased. BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu, Basmati and Kataribhog with two number of seedling hill^-1 can be suggested in rainfed condition of Bangladesh.

[M. S. Islam, M.A. R. Sarkar, M. J. Alam, M. A. Kashem, M.Y. Rafii and M. A.Latif^. Effect of Number of Seedling Hill^-1 on the Growth and Yield of Aromatic Fine Rice Varieties in Rain fed Condition. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):109-115]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.15

Keywords: Number of seedling hill^-1, Aromatic fine rice and Yield.

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Surgical treatment for secondary epilepsy under the monitoring of Electrocorticography

Jun Xiang¹, Yugang Jiang^1*

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China

Email: xiangjun_csu@126.com; Tel.:+86-731-85295110; Fax: +86-731-85295810

Abstract: Objective: To retrospectively study the original lesion resection for the treatment of secondary epilepsy under the monitoring of electrocorticography (ECoG) during operations and discuss the value of intraoperative ECoG monitoring. Methods: By means of observing the treatment of 72 patients with secondary epilepsy, we analyzed the significance of intraoperative ECoG monitoring in the treatment of secondary epilepsy. Among the 72 cases, 15 patients were meningiomas, 28 were gliomas, 15 were cavernous hemangiomas, 5 were arachnoid cysts, 5 were post-traumatic changes, 2 were cholesteatomas and 2 were arteriovenous malformations. Results: There was no epileptic wave in all the studied patients revealed by the regular postoperative EEG. No death or new neurological dysfunctions were recorded following the surgeries. A follow-up investigation lasting from 1to 5 years revealed that there was no epilepsy recurrence in all the patients except for partial seizures in two patients. Conclusion: The monitoring of electrocorticography (ECoG) would significantly improve the efficiency of surgical management for the patients with secondary epilepsy.

[Jun Xiang, Yugang Jiang. Surgical treatment for secondary epilepsy under the monitoring of Electrocorticography. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):116-118]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.16

Keywords: ECoG monitoring; secondary epilepsy; surgery.

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Implementation of Quality Management System by Utilizing ISO 9001:2008 Model in the Emerging Faculties

A. El-Morsy^{1, 2}, H. Shafeek ^1,3, Abdullah Alshehri ¹, Saud A. Gutub ¹

^1. Faculty of Engineering- Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

^2. Faculty of Engineering-Helwan, Helwan University, Egypt

³ Industrial College of Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt

aalmursi@kau.edu.eg

Abstract: This study aims to have first-hand knowledge for implementing quality management system based on the international standard ISO 9001:2008 for academic institutions which considered as the cornerstone toward establishing total quality management system including the basis of academic accreditation requirements. This work uses a case study approach to examine implementation of QMS in HE issue and conducts a review of the closely related models. The study also provides a complete plans and strategies to assist and support their initiatives to achieve quality system. Faculty of Engineering–Rabigh at King Abdulaziz University is considered as the real case study to implement the main features of the quality management system in the educational sectors. The study shows how to identify the stages of applying quality in higher educational institutions, in particular emerging faculty. It concludes that quality management system based on the ISO 9001:2008 can provide a foundation for total quality management and academic accreditation with particular attention to conform all stakeholders’ requirements. HE institutions should attempt to increase quality and excellence by applying a total quality management.

[El-Morsy A, Shafeek H, Alshehri A, Gutub SA. Implementation of Quality Management System by Utilizing ISO 9001:2008 Model in the Emerging Faculties. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):119-125]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.17

Keywords: Quality Management System; ISO 9001:2008; Higher Education Institutions.

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An Investigation to Reveal Why IT Projects Succeed or Fail in Saudi Arabia

Fahad Alfaadel¹, Mohammed Alawairdhi¹, and Mahran Al-zyoud¹, Muhammad Ramzan²

¹ College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia

²College of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia

E-mail: m.ramzan@seu.edu.sa

Abstract: In order to identify the main reasons for the success and failure of IT projects in Saudi Arabia; we have analyzed the responses of three hundred and eight project managers to an online structured questionnaire. In addition to that, semi structured interviews were conducted with eight project managers. The nationalities of those project managers were various and they have worked either in public or private sectors in Saudi Arabia. This study has found common reasons for failure of IT projects in Saudi Arabia. Organizational culture, conflict of interest, and the instability and lack of clarity of the set of requirements were characterized as the most important causes for failure. Additionally, Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that should increase the project success were also enumerated based on the questionnaire responses and the interviews. Those included: clear statement of requirements, the project manager leadership, and soft skills.

[Fahad Alfaadel, Mohammed Alawairdhi, and Mahran Al-zyoud, Muhammad Ramzan. An Investigation to Reveal Why IT Projects Succeed or Fail in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):126-134]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.18

Keywords: IT Projects, CSF, Soft skills, Leadership, Saudi Arabia.

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A Novel Method for Reduction of Error Rates in K-Means Clustering Algorithm

Yousef Farhang, Siti Mariyam Hj. Shamsuddin

Soft Computing Research Group, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,  Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

E-mail addresses: fyousef2@live.utm.my (Y. Farhang), mariyam@utm.my (S.M. Hj. Shamsuddin).

Abstract: This paper investigated K-means Algorithm, a well known clustering algorithm. K-means clustering algorithms have some shortfalls and defects, and one defect is reviewed in this study. One of the disadvantages of k-means clustering algorithms is that they can produce clusters that do not always include all the correct components. It is due to the presence of the error rate during the clustering process. The purpose of this research was to decrease error rates in the k-means clustering algorithm and to reduce iteration of running this algorithm. A novel method is proposed to calculate the distance between cluster members and cluster center. To evaluate the algorithm proposed in this study, seven well-known data sets consisting of Balance, Blood, Breast, Glass, Iris, Pima and Wine data sets were used. This investigation revealed that the performance of K-means algorithms was increased and resulted in valid clusters and that it reduced error rates, run time and iteration.

[Yousef Farhang, Siti Mariyam Hj. Shamsuddin. A Novel Method for Reduction of Error Rates in K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):135-154]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.19

Keywords: K-means; clustering algorithm; error rate; iteration; reduction; stable.

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An Integrated Scienceometric Information System Infrastructure for the Assessment of Scientific Impacts of Nations

Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid ¹, Shakeel Ahmed ², Al-Eknah, M.M³

¹Associate Prof. Dept. Of Information Systems, ²Dept. Of Computer Science, ³Deanship of Scientific Research

College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, Al Ahsaa 31982

e-mail: tgasm@kfu.edu.sa, shakeel@kfu.edu.sa, dean.dsr@kfu.edu.sa

Abstract: The emphasis on enhancing higher education, scientific and research institutions in the member states of the Arab League is increasing. Such attention originates from the outcomes of the studies that highlight the low contribution of these states in global scientific production. The basic aim of this study is to examine the context of scientific impact of these states, examine the reasons for the decline of scientific impact of such states and propose some recommendations and an integrated information system infrastructure.

[Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid, Shakeel Ahmed, Al-Eknah, M.M. An Integrated Scienceometric Information System Infrastructure for the Assessment of Scientific Impacts of Nations. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):155-164]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.20

Keywords:  Arab League, Scienceometric, Information Systems, Data Modeling, Governance.

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Structural Stability of Flat Electroencephalography

Tan Lit Ken¹ and Tahir Ahmad²

^1.Science Programme, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

^2.Department of Mathematical Science & Ibnusina Institute, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

¹qkazuma@hotmail.com and ²tahir@ibnusina.utm.my

Abstract: Flat Electroencephalography is a way of viewing electroencephalography signals on the first component of Fuzzy Topograhic Topological Mapping (FTTM), a model which was designed to solve neuromagnetic inverse problem. This novel method is well known for its ability to preserves the orientation and magnitude of EEG sensors and signals. However, this preservation renders Flat EEG to contain unwanted signals captured during recording from the surroundings. Consequently, its accuracy in depicting actual electrical activity inside the brain is affected. Present of artifacts would pose a serious problem if it is large. Thusly, this study will investigate the persistence of Flat EEG to surrounding “noises” from dynamic viewpoint by means of structural stability. Basically, it will be showed that Flat EEG in the presence of “noises” may still reflects the actual electrical activity inside the brain, if the contaminated Flat EEG falls within a class of dynamical systems.

[Tahir A. and Tan LK. Structural Stability of Flat Electroencephalography. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):165-170]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.21

Keywords: Flat Electroencephalography, FTTM, Persistence, Artifacts, Dynamic, Structural Stability, Diffeomorphisms.

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Analysis of Anidolic Daylighting System Parameters in Tropical Climate

Mohsen Roshan*^2,3, Mohd Zin Kandar¹, Hamed Najafpour², Dilshan R. Ossen², Mohsen Ghasemi², Alireza Gharakhani², Mahdi Torabi²

¹Center for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

²Architecture Department , Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

³Architecture Department, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Iran

roushan.mohsen@gmail.com

Abstract: Utilizing available daylight in buildings is a crucial issue for reasons of energy-efficiency as well as improvement of occupant’s health and well-being. Anidolic Daylighting System (ADS) is a type of daylighting system that provides daylight in areas far from windows. This device concentrates daylight in a collector and transfers it to duct situated between collector and distributor, which then spreads this daylight to the inside of the building. The aim of this research is to determine optimum Anidolic duct shape and width which increases daylight illuminance into the interior of office buildings. The simulation model was designed in Integrated Environmental Solution IES<VE> software to perform daylight simulation experiments. Therefore, three configurations of designed duct shape with two duct lengths (12 and 20 meters) were simulated as duct shape variables. Three different duct width sizes were also evaluated. Results indicated that a rectangular shaped Anidolic with three meter duct width offers higher illuminance than the other simulated cases. For future study, other parameters can be carried out such as depth of duct, size of anidolic, collector and distributor of device.

[Roshan M, Kandar MZ, Najafpour H, Ossen DR, Ghasemi M, Gharakhani A, Torabi M. Analysis of Anidolic Daylighting System Parameters in Tropical Climate. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):171-176]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.22

Keywords: Anidolic Daylighting System; IES<VE> software; Daylight performance; Office building.

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The integral indicator of the sustainable development of the regional socio-economic systems: the structure, the methodology of the formation, the direction of the application

Anna Chub

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow-city, Russia

anchub@mail.ru

Abstract: The article suggests a methodology of a quantitative estimation of the sustainability of the regional socio-economic systems (RSES). The special attention is paid to the role of the information, communication and innovation factors in these processes. To solve the objective of a quantitative estimation of the RSES sustainability the methodology of the calculation of the general integral index in the context of the following blocks was selected: 1) economic relations; 2) the social situation; 3) the institutional environment; 4) the innovative potential. The formation of the index was made on the basis of the methodology of the calculation of the HDI UNDP. The data of the statistical collections “Regions of Russia. Socio-Economic Indicators” for the period from 2003 till 2012 were used as the information source of the calculations. The selection includes 80 subjects of the Russian Federation. The data processing was performed with the help of the Microsoft Excel programme analysis package. The international practice and the frame of the multivariative correlation and regression analysis were used at the selection of the indicators for the calculation of the subscripts included in the general integral index of sustainability. The integral indexes of the sustainability for 80 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period from 2003 till 2012 were calculated according to the suggested methodology. The estimation of the received results has allowed drawing a conclusion that the sustainable development of the majority of the Russian regions has increased during the analyzed period. Also it is established, that the greatest contribution to process of the development was made by the economic (the average partial coefficient was 0.445) and institutional components (0.402); the low level of a social subsystem development (0.260) and the innovative activity (0.032) were noted.

[Anna Chub. The integral indicator of the sustainable development of the regional socio-economic systems: the structure, the methodology of the formation, the direction of the application. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):177-183]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.23

Key words: the integral sustainability index, the regional system, the dynamic balance, the sustainable development, the correlation and regression analysis.

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From the history of joining the South Kazakhstan to form Russia (the second period of the XIX center)

Elmira Zulpiharova¹, Kanat Bazarbayev¹, Gulzhamal Zhoraeva¹, Assel Gumadullayeva¹, Kuanyshbek Yussupov¹.

¹ Khoja Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, science@iktu.kz.Turkestan, Kazakhstan,161200.

Correspondence: Kanat Bazarbayev, Khoja Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan. Tel: 7-701-646-2295. E-mail: Kanat-08@mail.ru

Abstract: Today it is without any hesitations we can say about the especially responsible and difficult beginning of forming Kazakhstan historical science, studying of its «white spots» and scientific estimation of past achievements, major stages and events of national history, nor tuned here nor under whose subjective looks and estimations, leaning only on weigh complex of facts, exposing polysyllabic maintenance the history of people, contradictory character of development of events in the last centuries. Among the problems of historical science there is still a question of including Kazakhstan to complement of Russia, which has its beginning from times of activity of khan Abulkhair- the main initiator of joining the births of junior zhuz in the complement of empire. In recent soviet time this act was named as a «historical», «voluntarily joining», on the whole positive and progressive. With the use of words "absorption", "violent capture" and "colonization", the modern estimation has another point. A period of the emotional beginning in learning concrete historical events, which is typical for alteration years, when most of the people were deeply interested only by their own past, history, is departed. Today has come the time of sound scientific searches. Especially in the direction of objective and independent study of difficult pages of national history and delivering from vices of the former general allied history. "We must achieve, by learning justify," -considered the academician M.K.Kozibaev,-lessons to domestic history, to dethrone present myths, attain truth. Obviously, there is a special fixing and debt of the Kazakhstan historians".

[Elmira Zulpiharova, Kanat Bazarbayev, Gulzhamal Zhoraeva, Assel Gumadullayeva, Kuanyshbek Yussupov. From the history of joining the South Kazakhstan to form Russia (the second period of the XIX center). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):184-196]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.24

Keywords: Moscow, Russiа, Middle Asia, Central Asia, Turkistan, Kazakhstan.

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Foreign Language Anxiety among Students Studying Foreign Languages

Jihad Al-Shuaibi¹, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour², Saleh N Azzeghaiby³

^1. Associate Professor, Dept. of European Languages. Faculty of Foreign Languages - The University of Jordan. Amman 11942, JORDAN. Tel: (962 6) 5355000 ext. 24811 / 24821. Email: shuaibi@ju.edu.jo/jshuaibi@gmail.com

^2. Professor, Dept. of Community Health Nursing. Al Farabi College, Riyadh, 11514, KSA. Faculty of Nursing - The University of Jordan. Amman 11942, JORDAN. Tel: (962 6) 5355000 ext. 23108, 23183. E-mail: a.mansour@ju.edu.jo

^3.Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing - The University of Jordan. Amman 11942, JORDAN. Tel: (962 6) 5355000 ext. 23111. E-mail: d.arabiat@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Background: Learning a foreign language is multi-dimensional and considered a source of stress. The purpose of the present study is to investigate foreign language classroom anxiety among university students in Jordan. The study makes use of a cross-sectional correlation design to collect data from 488 university students, employing a self-reported questionnaire of Foreign Language Anxiety. Results: 63.4% (n = 310) of the 488 students suffer foreign language classroom anxiety; mean score for communication apprehension is 54.7 (SD = 11.0), while the mean score for fear of negative evaluation is 22.8 (SD = 5.6), and mean score of test anxiety is 17.7 (SD = 3.1). The analysis shows that the highest anxiety level is experienced in terms of fear of negative evaluation and testing, while communication apprehension has the lowest level of fear. Conclusion: University students of foreign languages in Jordan have a high level of anxiety, which is undoubtedly associated with the level of academic performance.

[Jihad Al-Shuaibi, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, Saleh N Azzeghaiby. Foreign Language Anxiety among Students Studying Foreign Languages. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):197-203]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.25

Keywords:  Foreign Language Anxiety, Language Learning, University Students, Jordan.

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The management of normal birth in Kazakhstan: the expert opinion of obstetricians and midwifes

Aizhan Kyzayeva¹, Aikan Akanov¹, Tlekbek Meimanaliev¹, Yana Sadykova²

¹Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole bi str., Almaty, 050012 Kazakhstan

²Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University Almaty, 050012 Kazakhstan

a.kyzayeva@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, we examined the opinion of the personnel, who is directly involved in the delivery (obstetricians, midwifes) upon the issue of allocation of responsibilities while managing the normal birth, satisfaction with the professional level of nurse methods were used: a sociological survey, a statistical analysis. The study involved 72 midwifes and 50 obstetricians of delivery departments of the Almaty city.

[Kyzayeva A, Akanov A, Meimanaliev T, Sadykova Y. The management of normal birth in Kazakhstan: the expert opinion of obstetricians and midwifes. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):204-206]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.26

Keywords: normal birth, midwifes, obstetricians, allocation of responsibilities, professional responsibility.

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The idea of Turkic unity in Kazakh poetry of the early twentieth century

Aknur Ospanova¹, Alua Temirbolat¹, Raushan Abdikulova¹, Leyla Mekebaeva¹, Salima Kalkabaeva¹, Aliya Ospanova²

¹ Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan

² Khoja Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan, 161200. science@iktu.kz

Abstract: On the basis of studying of national liberation motives, esthetic processes in poetic creativity, the article indicates the ideological and art searches in the Kazakh literature of the beginning of the XX century. The main emphasis of research is placed on comprehension of features of attitude and attitude of Turkic peoples and an originality of their mentality. The article deals with traditions of east culture in the art world of the Kazakh poets of the beginning of the XX century. Comparative studying of educational ideas in creativity of Turkic writers is carried out. The works of  Moustapha Shokay, Ismail Gaspral, etc. are used. Their role in distribution of educational ideas is comprehended.  The article  gives the modern view on this problem. It is considered through a prism of finding of independence by Kazakhstan. For the first time complex studying is carried out and features of artistic realization of a subject of unity of the Turkic people, their national liberation fight on a material of the analysis of poetic works are shown, all-Turkic values and esthetic ideals of writers are formed. Much attention is paid to spiritual searches of poets as a. In work the genre originality of works, formation of new art forms, evolution of traditions of written literature from positions of a problem of unity of the Turkic world and national and educational ideas is comprehended. On the basis of the analysis of works of specific authors in work ideological and art searches of literature of the beginning of the XX century are generalized and systematized, the directions, tendencies and regularities of development of art process of the Turkic people were revealed whole. The literary heritage of the beginning of the XX century is comprehended for the first time through a prism of a problem of a genre, traditions and innovation of poets are shown at the level of a form of works. A complete idea is given of an inner world of the personality in a context of historical development of society and distribution of educational movement.

[Aknur Ospanova, Alua Temirbolat, Raushan Abdikulova, Leyla Mekebaeva, Salima Kalkabaeva, Aliya Ospanova. The idea of Turkic unity in Kazakh poetry of the early twentieth century. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):207-211]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.27

Keywords: a literary heritage, evolution, national-liberation movement, artistic process, the inner world of the person, educational idea, mentality;

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The system of work of teacher to professional orientation of senior students

¹Musabekova G.T., ²Mamraimov S.D., ²Apasheva S.N., ²Meirbekov M.B., ²Doshmanov E.K., ²Moldadosova A.K.

¹International Kazakh-Turkish University H.A. Yasavi, the main campus B. Sattarhanov Avenue 29, 161200, Turkestan, Kazakhstan

²University «Sirdariya», M. Auyezov Street, 11, 160500, Zhetysai, Kazakhstan

E-mail: Gulnar.iktu@mail.ru

Abstract: In today's world, economic and social changes taking place in the state and society, place high demands on mobility and adaptability of human behavior, his personal responsibility for his professional career , which makes it very urgent problems of professional orientation. Meeting the challenges of building is a democratic, civil society and the welfare state due to the increased role of the human factor. Therefore the development of the problem of choosing a profession and professional growth has important theoretical and methodological importance for solving problems of social practice. The article by experiment revealed the level of high school and vocational guidance developed methodical system for the implementation of this work.

[Musabekova G.T.,  Mamraimov S.D.,  Apasheva S.N.,  Meirbekov M.B.,  Doshmanov E.K.,  Moldadosova A.K. The system of work of teacher to professional orientation of senior students. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):212-217]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.28

Key words: social worker, profession, professional orientation, socio - pedagogical conditions, forms.

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The Potential of Intersectoral Collaboration for Development of Russian Regions

Irina Borisovna Teslenko¹, Olga Borisovna Digilina²

¹Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Business Informatics and Economics Vladimir State University, Russia. iteslenko@inbox.ru

² Doctor of Economics, Professor Head of Department of Economics Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration the Vladimir branch, Russia. o.b.digilina@mail.ru

Abstract: the article contains description of contemporary problems of intersectoral collaboration development for realization of regional innovative investment projects in the Vladimir region. Crowdsourcing is considered to be the instrument for public-private partnership activization.

[Teslenko I.B., Digilina O.B. The potential of intersectoral collaboration for development of Russian regions. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):218-220]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.29

Key words: intersectoral collaboration, public-private partnership (PPP), fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding.

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Specificity of ethnogeny indigenous peoples by Central Siberia in the transition from the traditional type of society to modern society

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: This article focuses on the processes of ethnic and cultural identification and self-identification, which the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia and Siberia, living in the Russian Federation, are currently going through. The post-Soviet cultural practices of preservation of ethnic identity of the small-numbered peoples of Siberia—the Kumandins and the Dolgans —are studied. The conclusion is made that there is not any state language policy aimed at preserving of the Kumandin language and Dolgan language. The Kumandins and the Dolgans have active processes of ethnic identification, but the post-Soviet cultural practices do not relate to these processes. Processes of ethnic and linguistic assimilation are accompanied by post-Soviet practices, where state policy does not increase and does not weaken the ethnic identity of the indigenous peoples of Central Siberia. In present time are developed and strengthened social stratum “national elites”, which are characterized by symbolic ethnicity. For modern ethnicity processes of Indigenous Peoples of Central Siberia are characterized by dual ethnic identity.

[Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. Specificity of ethnogeny indigenous peoples by Central Siberia in the transition from the traditional type of society to modern society. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):221-229]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.30

Keywords: Central Siberia, ethnogenesis, Dolgan, Kumandins Evenki, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Buryatia, symbolic ethnicity.

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An Innovative Vehicle Detection Approach Based on Background Subtraction and Morphological Binary operations Methods

^1,2Raad Ahmed Hadi, ¹Ghazali Sulong, ³Loay Edwar George

¹Faculty of Computing, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia

²Faculty of Software and Networking Engineering, College of Engineering, Iraqi University, Baghdad, Iraq

³Faculty of Computer Science, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq

raadwap@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper proposes a new method of detecting moving vehicles in traffic videos using the background subtraction method, morphological binary operations, and new detection zone technique. Firstly, this method extracts a background image from the video frames using the mode statistical method, wherein the background will be subtracted from subsequent frames to distinguish the foreground objects by using the background subtraction method. Secondly, the morphological binary dilation and erosion operations are used to refine the boundaries and the regions of the detected moving vehicles (foregrounds), and unwanted small objects will be removed from the background respectively. Finally, we adopt the concept of a switch electric circuit design SPST (Single-Pole Single-Throw) as a new method to detect and count the moving vehicles. Performance evaluation of the experimental results is encouraging in that it shows that the proposed detection method has an average precision of more than 0.92, an average recall of more than 0.97, an average f-measure of more than 0.94 and average accuracy of more than 0.99.

[Hadi R A, Sulong G, George L E. An Innovative Vehicle Detection Approach Based on Background Subtraction and Morphological Binary Methods. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):230-238]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.31

Keywords: Vehicle detection; Background subtraction; Morphological binary operations; Detection zone.

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Zero divisors in rings with involution

Usama A. Aburawash

Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

aburawash@alex-sci.edu.eg

Abstract: In rings with involution, the concept of *-zero divisors is introduced and the relation with zero divisors in rings without involution is discussed. This definition, however, is compatible with the category of involution rings; since it preserves the involution. Moreover, closely related definitions; such as *-completely prime ideals and *- rings and *-cancellation law are introduced. Finally, *-prime and *-completely prime *-ideals are characterized using *-zero divisors.

[Usama A. Aburawash. Zero divisors in rings with involution. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):239-241]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.32

Keywords: Involution, zero divisors, *-cancellation, *-prime and *-completely prime *-ideals.

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Biological Control of Late Blight Caused By Phytophthora Infestans of Potato

I. Hossain¹, F. Taslima¹, M. A. Kashem², M. A Hakim³, M. Y. Rafii ^3,4 and M.A. Latif ^4,5*

¹Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,

²Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,

³Institute of Tropical Agriculture (ITA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

*Corresponding address: M. A. Latif, Email: alatif1965@yahoo.com

Abstract: An experiment was conducted in the field, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to control the late blight of potato using biological agents. The experiment was carried out following factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for each treatment. Biofungicide treated seed tubers resulted lower late blight incidence and severity followed by Bavistin. Late blight incidence and severity was higher in control. The number of stem as well as highest plant height were recorded where potato tubers were treated with BAU-Biofungicide followed by Bavistin than untreated control. Moreover, BAU-Biofungicide followed by Bavistin treated potatoes resulted good effect on formation of the highest number and weight of tuber than untreated control. The highest tuber yield (5.30 t/ha) was recorded in BAU-Biofungicide in case of Diamant variety of Grade B in cut tuber that resulted 65.63% higher over control.

[I. Hossain, F. Taslima, M. A. Kashem, M. A Hakim, M. Y. Rafii and M.A. Latif. Biological Control of Late Blight Caused By Phytophthora Infestans of Potato. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):242-247]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.33

Keywords: Biological control; Potato; Late blight; bio-fungicides.

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Possible Protective Role of Ginger Extract on Diclofenac Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats (Histological and ultrastructural studies)

Eman A. El-Kordy* and Madiha M. Makhlouf**

Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta* and Assiut** University, Egypt.

emanalimah@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Diclofenac is one of the most frequently prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and have been reported to cause multiple organs damage. Ginger extract has been used as an antioxidant and preventive agent against a number of diseases. Aim of the Work: This work aimed to study the possible histological and ultrastructural changes of liver induced by diclofenac treatment and to evaluate the possible protective effect of ginger extract. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 main groups. Group I: served as control. Group II: received ginger extract orally in a dose of 250 mg/kg /day. Group III: animals received diclofenac intramuscularly at a dose 150 mg/kg /day. Groups IV: animals received ginger extract then diclofenac after two hours in the previous doses. The treatments were given for rats for 7 days, then, rats were sacrificed by ether anesthesia and specimens from liver were taken for light and electron microscopic examination. Results: Light microscopic examination of the liver treated with diclofenac revealed disorganized hepatic architecture. The affected lobules appeared with dilated congested central veins and blood sinusoids, vacuolated hepatocytes with dark nuclei, cellular infilteration and fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes showed disintegration of cellular organelles, destructed mitochondria and pyknotic nuclei. Coadministration of diclofenac with ginger extract showed a slight improvement in some hepatocytes that looked normal in both LM and EM examination but still others were markedly affected and showing signs of degeneration. Conclusion: Results obtained in this study demonstrated that high doses of diclofenac induced histological and ultrastructural changes in the liver due to oxidative stress and the use of ginger extract had partially improved the toxic effect of diclofenac.

[Eman A. El-Kordy and Madiha M. Makhlouf. Possible Protective Role of Ginger Extract on Diclofenac Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult MaleAlbino Rats (Histological and ultrastructural studies). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):248-258]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.34

Keywords: Diclofenac, hepatotoxicity and ginger extract.

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Zoopharmacognosy and epigenetic behavior of mountain wildlife towards Berberis species

Tika Khan¹*, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan², Abdur Rehman², Shaukat Ali³, Haibat Ali³

¹Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.

³Department of Environmental Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.

Abstract: Berberis, a member of family Berberidaceae serves as ‘wildlife-clinic’ in nature. Berberis pseudumbellata subsp. gilgitica is endemic to the area and has become critically endangered. For the first time research documented unique epigenetic behaviour of different mountain wildlife and zoopharmacological practices of traditional communities from CKNP. When wildlife gets physical hurts, it rushes towards Berberis plants and eat berries, chew leaves or bark, which is found significant (p<0.001). Such behaviour is untaught, not learned, and automatic but seems pre-programmed instinctively triggered reflexed. This is observed in avifauna (House Sparrow, Chakor, Ram Chakor) and angulates (Flare horned Markhor, Himalayan Ibex) only. 79.03%, 36.51% hunters (SD±30.02), 83.24%, 58.23% shepherds (SD±17.68) and 41.92%, 17.11% local population (SD±17.54) believe and have personal observations respectively for Berberis-wildpharma interaction.  Traditionally it is used zoopharmacologically for bone healing of limbs (93.67%), other bone fracture and injury (90.91%), other internal injuries (85.53%), external injuries (73.33%), delivery of sheep (38.12%), goat (17.36%) and cow (19.87%). No such observation was recorded with respect to herpetofauna and carnivores.

[Tika Khan^, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan, Abdur Rehman, Shaukat Ali, Haibat Ali. Zoopharmacognosy and epigenetic behavior of mountain wildlife towards Berberis species. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):259-263]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.35

Key words: Berberis, wildlife, zoopharmacology, Karakoram, medicinal plants, epigenetics, critically endangered, CKNP.

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Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus delbreukii subspecies bulgaricus isolated from Zabady

Seham Abdel-Shafi¹, Abdul-Raouf Al-Mohammadi², Sally Negm¹ and Gamal Enan^*1

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

²Department of Science, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh 11495, Box. 22140, Saudi Arabia

gamalenan@ymail.com

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are used recently as probiotics and as protective cultures in fermented food products. This is due to their ability to produce proteinacous antimicrobial agents, lactic acid and diacetyle. The prime objective of this work was to select a probiotic bacterium which could be used as protective culture.  Characterization of bacteriocin by physicochemical techniques and inhibition of food-borne pathogens were carried out. Molecular methods were used for identification of bacterial strains used. Out of 100 lactic acid bacterial strains, the most inhibitory strain (Z₅₅ strain) isolated from Arabian yoghurt (Zabady) inhibited other lactic and bacteria and some food-borne pathogens. This Z₅₅ strain was identified as Lactobacillus delbreukii subspecies bulgaricus and designated Lb. bulgaricus Z₅₅. The inhibitory activity of cell free supernatant (CFS) of Lb. bulgaricus Z₅₅ was lost by proteolytic enzymes, heat resistant. Consequently it was characterized as a bacteriocin. This bacteriocin was shown to consists of protein but has no lipidic or glucidic moieties in its active molecule. Its activity was stable in the pH range 2.0 to 7.0. Maximum bacteriocin production was obtained in MRS broth adjusted initially at pH 6.5 and incubated for 18 h at 35⁰C when the producer organism was in the late logarithmic and early stationary phase of growth. A bacteriocin producer strain (Lb. bulgaricus Z₅₅) inhibited many food-borne pathogens. The antimicrobial agent was showed to be protein and characterized as a bacteriocin

[Seham Abdel-Shafi, Abdul-Raouf Al-Mohammadi, Sally Negm and Gamal Enan. Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus delbreukii subspecies bulgaricus isolated from Zabady. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):264-270]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.36

Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, probiotics and bacteriocin.

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Purification and biochemical characterization of plantaricin UG1: a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum UG1 isolated from dry sausage

Sahar M. Ouda¹⁺ - Johan Debevere²- Gamal Enan^3*

¹ Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.

²Lab. Of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Bioengineering, Gent University, Belgium,

³Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

gamalenan@ymail.com

Abstract: The bacteriocin plantericin UG1 produced by Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum UG1 was purified herein by three steps including ammonium sulphate precipitation, dissociation of bacteriocin activity and chromatographic separation. At pH 6.0 and 60% ammonium sulphate saturation, the precipitated pellets contained maximal plantaricin UG1 activity of about 22880 AU/ml. Some dissociating agents dissociated plantaricin UG1 activity, thereby releasing more active subunits. The bacteriocin plantaricin UG1 existed in ammonium sulphate pellets was dialysed against potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5 and was easily purified using chromatographic separation. Purified plantaricin UG1 activity showed 54.69 fold -increase than that obtained in cell free supernatant (CFS). The purity of plantaricin UG1 was judged by SDS-PAGE which resolved a 3.7 KDa and 1.8 KDa protein bands; indicating that plantaricin UG1 is two polypeptides. Consequently it is another bacteriocin within class 11 b bacteriocins. Amino acid composition of plantaricin UG1 showed 29 to 31 amino acids. Amino acid sequence of plantaricin UG1 showed a double glycine leader and proved that it is a novel variant of plantaricins.

[Sahar M. Ouda, Johan Debevere and Gamal Enan. Purification and biochemical characterization of Plantaricin UG1: a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum UG1 isolated from dry sausage. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):271-279]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.37

Keywords: Purification; bacteriocin; plantaricin UG1; Lb. plantarum, UG1; amino acid sequence.

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Optimization Of New Recombinant Influenza Virus Expressing M. Tuberculosis Esat6 2a Ag85a Proteins Cultivation In Vero Cells

Zhanat Kondybaeva ¹., Zakhir Yershebulov¹., Kulaisan Sultankulova¹., Azis Nakhanov¹., Dima Taranov¹., Erbol Bulatov¹., Berik Khairullin¹., Nurlan Sandybayev¹, Abylai Sansyzbay¹, Zhumagali Koshemetov¹, Assilbek Burabaev², Marlen Yessirkepov²

¹Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), the Republic of Kazakhstan

²South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

marlen-forex@inbox.ru

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the development of the optimal conditions for new TB-FLU Esat6 2A Ag85A recombinant strain cultivation in Vero cell culture. The studies revealed that the maximum accumulation of the virus in cell culture can be achieved with 0,001 TCD₅₀/cell infecting dose, 34,0 ± 0,5 °C incubation temperature and 72 hours of incubation time. The highest reproductive activity of the virus was obtained using trypsin (Sigma # T4049, Lot10D169, # Lot020M7022T1426-1g) at a concentration 2 µg/ml. The TB-FLU Esat6 2A Ag85A recombinant strain expressing mycobacterial proteins Esat6 and Ag85A with open reading frame of NS1 protein of the influenza virus is genetically stable and capable to maintain enthetic inserts during 10 consecutive passages in Vero cell culture. Subject to the established cultivation parameters the recombinant virus accumulation level reached up to 7,75 ± 0,08 lg TCD₅₀/cm³ with 7,0 log₂hemagglutinating titer, which is quite suitable for the development of a TB vaccine for human health care.

[Kondybaeva Zh.B, Yershebulov Z.D, Sultankulova K.S, Nakhanov A.K, Taranov D.S, Bulatov E.A, Khairullin B.M, Sandybaev N.T, Sansyzbay A.R, Koshemetov Zh.К, Burabaev A.A, Yessirkepov M.M. Optimization of new recombinant influenza virus expressing M. tuberculosis ESAT6 2A AG85A proteins cultivation in vero cells. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):280-287]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.38

Keywords: tuberculosis, influenza virus, cell culture, cultivation, genetic stability.

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Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation

Mohamad Abdou¹, Sameeha Raad², Sareefa AlHazmi³

^1.Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt,

^2.Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia,

^3.Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.

abdella_777@yahoo.com ,saraad @uqu.edu.sa , sehazmi @uqu.edu.sa

Abstract: In this work, we derived a Fredholm-Volterra integral equation (F-VIE) of the second kind from the plane strain problem of the bounded layer medium composed of three different materials. These different materials contain a crack on one of the interface. In addition, the existence of a unique solution of F-VIE is considered in the space  QUOTE  . The integral equation is solved by using quadratic method to obtain SFIEs. Then, we used two direction, the first direction, is by removing the singularity and using Legendre polynomials. While the other, by using Toeplitz matrix method (TMM) and product Nystrom method (PNM). Finally, numerical examples are considered and the estimate error, in each case, is compared between the three methods.

[Mohamad Abdou, Sameeha Raad, Sareefa AlHazmi. Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):288-294]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.39

Keywords: Fredholm-Volterra integral equation, Cauchy kernel, series method, Toeplitz method, Nystrom method, orthogonal polynomials, linear algebraic system.

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Restraint Stress Aggravates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage in Rats after Cerebral Stroke

Ning Zhu ¹, Dong-Hui Chen ², Zhi-Qiang Liu ³, Fu-Guang Li ⁴, Peng-Yuan Zheng ⁵

^1.Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Institute of Medical Microecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

^2.Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China.

^3. Shenzhen ENT Institute, ENT Hospital, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.

^4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

^5.Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Institute of Medical Microecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

Medp7123@126.com

Abstract: Background Complications such as gastrointestinal disorders may occur in patients after stroke, which affect their recovery. It is still obscure whether the stress from movement inabilities after stroke influences the intestinal barrier functions. We therefore assessed the intestinal mucosal changes in a post-stroke rat model under the restraint stress, which simulated movement restriction in post-stroke patients. Methods Male SD rats in stroke group (M) and post-stroke restraint group (MS) received permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation to establish a stroke rat model, rats in post-stroke restraint group (MS) were restrained in fixator 24 hours later after MCAO operation. The rats in sham-operated restraint group (JS) received restraint only after sham operation. Serum corticotrophin releasing factor(CRF), D-lactate (D-Lac), endotoxin (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) level were evaluated by ELISA assay; Terminal ileum tissue tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3 and claudin-4 level were analyzed by western blotting; Terminal ileum tissue CRF, CRF-r1, CRF-r2 and brain tissue TNF-α, CRP, CRF expression level were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results As compared with sham group (J), peripheral blood serum D - Lac, DAO, LPS, CRF levels increased (all P<0.05), TNF-α, CRP, CRF expression levels in the central nervous system were also significantly increased (P<0.01), while the claudin, ZO-1, claudin-1, claudin-2 levels in the intestinal mucosa decreased significantly (all P<0.01) in post-stroke restraint group (MS), stroke group(M) and sham-operated restraint group (JS). Peripheral blood serum DAO, LPS, CRF levels in post-stroke restraint group (MS) were increased compared with stroke group (M) (all P＜0.05). The ZO-1, claudin-1, claudin-2 levels in intestinal mucosa were decreased compared with stroke group (M) (all P＜0.01), while claudin-3 claudin-4 levels were increased compared with stroke group (M) (all P＜0.01). Terminal ileum tissue CRF-r1 expression levels in post-stroke restraint group (MS) was increased compared with stroke group (M) (P<0.05), while CRF-r2 expression level was no significant difference in this two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Restraint stress deteriorates the intestinal barrier functions in rats after stroke.

[Ning Zhu, Dong-Hui Chen, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Fu-Guang Li, Peng-Yuan Zheng. Restraint Stress Aggravates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage in Rats after Cerebral Stroke. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):295-300] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.40

Keywords: restraint stress; intestinal permeability; intestinal mucosal barrier; HPA axis

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 Renal Genomic Instability Induced by Aspartame and the Possible Influence of the Flaxseed Oil and Coenzyme Q10 in Male Rats

Hoda I. Bahr¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

*²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo Egypt

bio_canal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aspartame (ASP) is one of the most widely artificial sweeteners consumed in various countries which added to a large variety of foods specially low calorie beverages. Flaxseed oil (FXO) is marketed as a nutritional supplement. It contains linolenic acid poly unsaturated fatty acid (omega-3- PUFA), that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and many beneficial health effects. Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) has gained considerable attention as a dietary supplement capable of influencing cellular bioenergetics, antioxidants and as a supplementary treatment for some chronic diseases. The present study is an effort aimed to investigate the possible protective influence of FXO and Co Q10 on renal genomic instability induced by aspartame. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), animals of group 1 (control) had free access to water and food materials. Group 2 (ASP) was daily administered orally Ad libitum drinking water containing 0.25 g/L aspartame. Group 3 (ASP+ FXO) was daily administered diet contains 15% FXO in combination with aspartame. Group 4 (ASP+ CoQ10) was daily administered diet contains 500 mg CQ10/kg diet in combination with aspartame till the end of the experiment after 60 days. Our results revealed that, oral administration of aspartame significantly increased serum urea, BUN, Creatinine, potassium levels and decreased sodium level. Also Our results showed that renal GSH level, GSH-Px, GSH-R, G6PDH, SOD activities and DNA, RNA, zinc content were significantly decreased. While the levels of H₂O₂, NO, TNF- α and percentage of DNA fragmentation were significantly increased comparing with normal control group. Oral administration of FXO and CoQ 10 along with aspartame ameliorated serum and renal alterations. Our data suggesting that the FXO and CoQ10 have the potential to protect against renal genomic instability and renal dysfunction induced by aspartame with the primary role for CoQ 10 that can restore all alterations to normal values.

[Hoda I. Bahr and Mona S. Zaki. Renal Genomic Instability Induced by Aspartame and the Possible Influence of the Flaxseed Oil and Coenzyme Q10 in Male Rats. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(8):301-308] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.41

Key words: Aspartame. Renal genomic instability. flaxseed oil. Coenzyme Q10. rats

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Legibility as a Result of Geometry Space: Analyzing and Comparing Hypothetical Model and Existing Space by Space Syntax

Sharifah Salwa Syed Mahdzar, Hossein Safari^*

Department of Architectural, faculty of built and environment-Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 8131o-Johor, Malaysia

Hossein.safari110@gmail.com

Abstract: In modern and developed cities, large office buildings and factories occupy the center of city destroying the legibility of these areas. The city center of Kuala Lumpur (KLCC) was chosen as a case study because this area faces these challenges. In this study, the relationship between geometry and legibility was reviewed using two models that were created base on the literature. The two models were an existing vicinity of KLCC and a hypothetical model that analyzed by Space Syntax. The results were further analyzed using a T-test and the correlations were examined using SPSS. Enhanced integration as a result accessibility was observed. There was also a strong correlation between integration and connectivity in the hypothetical model. According to this simulation study, regular geometry can increase integration, accessibility, intelligibility and legibility in urban spaces.

[Sharifah Salwa Syed Mahdzar, Hossein Safari. Legibility as a Result of Geometry Space: Analyzing and Comparing Hypothetical Model and Existing Space by Space Syntax. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):309-317]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.42

Keywords: Legibility; Geometry; Space Syntax; intelligibility; accessibility; integration; connectivity.

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Analysis of Homocysteine Metabolism Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms in Non-Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease Patients among Malaysians

Nur Afiqah Mohamad¹, RamachandranVasudevan², Patimah Ismail¹, Nur Ilyana Jafar¹, Ali Etemad¹, Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz³, Nora Fawzi Kadhim Al-Shawee⁴, Mazeni Alwi⁵

¹Genetic Research Group, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor DE, Malaysia. nur_iqa87@yahoo.com, patimahismail@gmail.com, elle.ilyana@gmail.com, ali_etemad_c@yahoo.com

²Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor DE, Malaysia. vasuphd@gmail.com

³Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor DE, Malaysia. afazli@upm.edu.my

⁴Emergency Department, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, 50400, Malaysia. dr_nfk@yahoo.com

⁵Pediatric Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, 50400, Malaysia. mazeni@ijn.com.my

Abstract: Congenital heart disease (CHD) mainly is caused by the incomplete development of the heart during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in the child and high levels of homocysteine in the blood are some of the risk factors related to CHD. Several studies in various populations have been done to determine the candidate genes in the predisposition to CHD with contradictory results, but there have been no studies that had been found in Malaysian CHD patients on homocysteine gene polymorphisms. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the allelic and genotypic analysis of the polymorphisms in candidate genes of the homocysteine enzymes; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR), Cystathionine-b-synthase (CBS), Methionine Synthase (MTR) and Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR) genes. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, buccal or blood samples were collected from 150 Malaysian non-syndromic CHD patients and 150 samples from healthy subjects as controls with no matching of age, genders and race between cases and controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples using commercially available kits and the genotyping analysis for C677T MTHFR, A1298C MTHFR, A66G MTRR, A2756G MTR and 844ins68 CBS gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP analysis. There was a significant difference observed in MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism between cases and controls (P=0.008). However, there was no significant difference was observed for MTHFR C677T, MTRR A66G, MTR A2756G and CBS 844ins68 gene polymorphism. The association of MTHFR A1298C with the development of CHD in this study emphasis the role of MTHFR gene in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic CHD in Malaysian subjects.

[Nur Afiqah Mohamad, RamachandranVasudevan, Patimah Ismail, Nur Ilyana Jafar, Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz, Nora Fawzi Kadhim Al-Shawee, Mazeni Alwi. Analysis of Homocysteine Metabolism Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms in Non-Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease Patients among Malaysians. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):318-326]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.43

Keywords: Congenital heart disease, MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, gene polymorphism.

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Comparative study on the antifungal and antioxydant properties of natural and colored Juglans regia L. barks: A high activity against vaginal Candida strains

Emira Noumi^1,2*, Mejdi Snoussi³, Inès Noumi⁴, Eulogio Valentin³, Mahjoub Aouni¹ and Abdulbasit Al-sieni⁵

¹Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Tunisie.

²Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.

³ Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole de Borj-Cédria, BP 273- Soliman 8020, Tunisie.

⁴ Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisie.

⁵ Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

*Corresponding author: emira_noumi@yahoo.fr

Abstract: We report in this work the antifungal and antioxydant activities of Juglans regia L. natural and treated barks on several vaginal Candida isolates and Candida type strains. Water, methanol, ethyl acetate and diluted acetone extracts of natural and colored J. regia barks were screened for in vitro activity against vaginal Candida strains. These plants were selected due to their traditional use for the treatment of fungal infections. Plant preparations were screened for antifungal activity using a standard agar disc diffusion assay. Following study of the antifungal activity of plant extracts, their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined using broth microdilution assay. Several antioxydant properties of this plant were tested such as total phenolic content and determination of reducing power. Among the four J. regia L. extracts (for natural and colored bark), methanolic extract of natural bark had the best antifungal activity against all vaginal Candida strains. The most important MICs and MFCs values of the methanol extract were obtained for the majority of the vaginal Candida isolates (MIC = 0.012 mg/ ml and MFC = 0.024 mg/ml) as compared to amphotericin B (MIC = 0.097 mg / ml and MFC: 0.78 mg/ml). This study reveals that the antioxidant activity of “Swak” extract was more important for natural bark than the treated bark. This plant can contain compounds with therapeutic potential against vaginal Candida strains and, hence, their possible use as therapeutic agents.

[Emira Noumi, Mejdi Snoussi, Inès Noumi, Eulogio Valentin, Mahjoub Aouni and Abdulbasit Al-sieni. Comparative study on the antifungal and antioxydant properties of natural and colored Juglans regia L. barks: A high activity against vaginal Candida strains. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):327-335]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.44

Keywords: Vaginal Candida, J. regia, natural bark, colored bark, antifungal, antioxydant activities.

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Nurses’ perceived job related stress and job satisfaction in two main hospitals in Riyadh city

Essmat Mansour D.N.Sc¹.; Nabila Taha D.N.SC²; Maha El-Araby D.N.Sc³ and Hanan Younes D.N.Sc⁴

¹Medical Surgical Nursing, King Saud University, & Tanta University

² Obstetric & Gynecological Nursing, Assiut University

³Pediatric Nursing, King Saud University Tanta University

⁴Medical Surgical Nursing, Cairo University

esmansour@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: During life, everybody experience several ways of stress. Most authors agree that although anyone may experience stress, the highest incidence is found among caregivers or professionals responsible for the development of other people, such as physicians, nurses, teachers, social workers and psychologist. The nursing staff suffers the total, concentrated and immediate impact of stress deriving from patient’s care. Nurse job satisfaction is a multidimensional phenomenon that is influenced by many variables, stress has been identified as the strongest predictor of nurse job satisfaction, which in turn reflects positively or negatively on nurse retention. This study aimed to investigate the presence of work related stress and its impact on nurses’ job satisfaction. One hundred female nurses were recruited, 60 working in ICU of both adult and pediatrics at King Saud Medical Complex, and 40 working in labor room at Al-Yamamah maternity hospital. Tools for data collection include: Interview questionnaire, Nursing Stress Scale (NSS Gray –Toft & Anderson, 1981) which was 34 items scale used to measure any situations perceived by the participants as threatening because of mismatch between the situation demands and the individuals coping abilities. The Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS).JSS, was 36 items, nine facet scales to assess employee attitudes about the job and aspects of the job. Each facet is assessed with four items, and a total score is computed from all items. Results of this study revealed that near half of the subjects (49%) perceived frequently stress, while only 7% perceived extremely stress. Also results revealed that, 47% of the subjects were ambivalent in their response to job satisfaction and 35% were satisfied. A significant positive relation between level of perceived stress and level of job satisfaction were found in this study (p=0,009).This study recommended another informative study to include another departments in a multi dimensional settings of health care and also recommended that the organizations that employ nurses should implement programs to monitor and manage stress especially regarding staff issues and job demands.

[Essmat Mansour; Nabila Taha; Maha El-Araby  and Hanan Younes. Nurses’ perceived job related stress and job satisfaction in two main hospitals in Riyadh city. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):336-341]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.45

Keywords: stress, job related stress, job satisfaction.

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Enhancing Transmission over Wireless Image Sensor Networks Based on ZigBee Network

Ahmed A. Abouelfadl¹ , M. A. M. El-Bendary² and F. Shawki¹

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh 21911, King Abdulaziz University,

Saudi Arabia

¹ Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt.

² Department of Communication Technology, Faculty of Industrial Education, Helwan University, Egypt

E-mails: ahmed251056@yahoo.com, mohsenbendary@hotmail.com, farid_shawki@yahoo.com.

Abstract: Different scenarios for the efficient transmission of images over wireless sensor networks are presented. The research is focused on the use of the IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee for applying the proposed scenarios. The heart of these scenarios is a novel chaotic interleaving scheme, which can tolerate error bursts. The investigation studies the performance of the proposed interleaver with convolutional codes having different constraint lengths (K). A comparison study between the traditional block interleaving scheme and the proposed chaotic interleaving scheme for image transmission over a correlated fading channel is presented. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed chaotic interleaving scheme. The results also prove that the chaotic interleaver on a packet-by-packet basis gives a high quality image with (K=3) and eliminates the need for a complex encoder having K=7.

[Ahmed A. Abouelfadl, M. A. M. El-Bendary and F. Shawki. Enhancing Transmission over Wireless Image Sensor Networks Based on ZigBee Network. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):342-354]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.46

Keywords: Wireless Image Sensor networks, ZigBee, interleaving technique chaotic based, convolutional coding.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women visiting maternity hospital in Hail, KSA

Ibraheem M. Ashankyty

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail, Hail, KSA (i.shankyty@uoh.edu.sa), Molecular Diagnostics and Persolised Theraprutics Unit (MDxPTU), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail, Hail, KSA (i.shankyty@uoh.edu.sa) and Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA (ishankyty@kau.edu.sa)

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite of warm-blooded animals that causes one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. It is endemic worldwide and 15 to 85% of the human populations are asymptomatically infected. Here, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of toxoplama antibodies in pregnant women in Hail city, KSA. In 2013, 6076 pregnant women were examined for IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA technique. The age range was 19-43 years. The overall IgG seroprevalence was 9.8% and IgM seoprevalnce was 0.6%. The IgM is indicative of low recent exposure to the parasite. In conclusion, the overall seroprevalance indicate a very low percentage in pregnant women living in Hail, KSA. This lowers the risk of contracting T. gondii infections which minimize the risk congenital toxoplasmosis.

[Ibraheem M. Ashankyty Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmagondii among pregnant women visiting maternity hospital in Hail, KSA. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):355-359]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.47

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Antibodies; IgG & IgM ,Seroprevalence, Hail, KSA.

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Parental Mediation of children’s positive use of the Internet

Azlina Daud, Siti Zobidah Omar, Md. Salleh Hassan, Jusang Bolong, Misha Teimouri

Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Telephone: 006019-3551927; daudazlina@yahoo.com

Abstract: Parents play an important role in how their children use media. There has been limited research in Malaysia on the influence of four parental mediation strategies (active co-use, interaction restriction, technical restriction and monitoring) on children’s positive use of the Internet. This study investigates the relationship between the four mediation strategies and children’s positive use of the Internet. The data were collected from 384 children aged 9 to 16, and 384 parents; both types of data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study was conducted in the state of Selangor, Malaysia by using stratified sampling. Path analysis revealed that parental mediation via active co-use and interaction restriction had a significant negative relationship with children’s positive use of the Internet, while technical restriction had a significant positive relationship with children’s positive use of the Internet. Parental mediation via monitoring had non-significant relationship with children’s positive use of the Internet. Thus, parental mediation through technical restriction seems to be a better strategy in promoting children’s positive use of the Internet. The study emphasizes the role of parents when dealing with children’s positive use of the Internet. Parents should place greater attention on their technical restriction strategy, rather than using active co-use, interaction restriction or monitoring strategies. This will provide more online opportunities for children.

[Azlina Daud, Siti Zobidah Omar, Md. Salleh Hassan, Jusang Bolong, Misha Teimouri. Parental Mediation of children’s positive use of the Internet. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):360-369]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.48

Keywords: online opportunities, active co-use, interaction restriction, technical restriction, monitoring.

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Study of Physical, Chemical and Ergonomic Occupational Hazards Faced by Photocopy Machine Operators

Abira Ismat Butt¹, Saleema Bashir Shaams¹, Moinuddin Ghauri², Khurram Shahzad³ , Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery²

¹Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, Pakistan

²COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Pakistan

³Centre for Coal Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

E-mails: drghauri@ciitlahore.edu.pk, saleemabashir97@gmail.com

Abstract: Photocopy machines are a source of indoor air pollution. This study, conducted at Gulberg, Walton, D.H.A, Shadman, R.A.Bazar, Barket Market, Firdous Market, and Nabah road in Lahore aimed at assessing the occupational hazards to which photocopy machine operators are exposed. The study was conducted in hot and cold season for monitoring at 36 sites among 126 photocopy operators by socioeconomic survey. Very few operators (12%) used protective measures. 47% of the operators had visual discomfort from machine’s light while only 27% got disturbed from the noise of the machine. Noise level at majority of the photocopy shops were within the Standard limits (70dBA). PM₁₀ concentration at majority of the shops exceeded the 250 µg/m³ ambient air quality standard. Statistical analysis of the Air pollutants (VOC, PM_10, O_3, CO, SO_X) showed a high statistical significance as the p value was < 0.005. Dry mouth was most common health issue among the photocopy operators and was most frequent in age group 35 to 40 while fatigue and headache were the most common health outcomes affecting all age groups almost in the same frequency. Ergonomic issue comparison showed that neck pain and swelling of feet was most frequent in age group 35 – 40 and 41 – 46. Back pain was most common ergonomic problem affecting all the age groups. A strong positive correlation exists between PM_10, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, SO_x emitted from the photocopy machine. Emission levels of PM₁₀, VOC, Ozone, CO, SO_x were significantly high for Winter when compared with that of Summer season.

[Butt AI, Shaams SB, Ghauri M, Shahzad K, Jaffery MH. Study of Physical, Chemical and Ergonomic Occupational Hazards Faced by Photocopy Machine Operators. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):370-381]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.49

Keywords: Health Hazards, Emissions, Photocopier, Ergonomic Issues, Particulate Matter.

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Thermo Gravimetric Study of Pakistani Cotton & Maize Stalk using Iso-Conversional Technique

Najaf Ali¹, Mahmood Saleem², Mah e Kamil², Khurram Shahzad³ and Arshad Chughtai⁴

¹NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan, Pakistan

²Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

³Centre for Coal Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

⁴School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NUST Islamabad, Pakistan

E-mail: khurram.cct@pu.edu.pk

Abstract: Characterization is important to measure the potential of biomass for its utilization in combustion or pyrolysis processes. Characterization study is carried out for cotton and maize stalk samples collected from the provinces of Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan. The proximate, ultimate and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) are performed. TGA is done in inert atmosphere at four heating rates i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20^oC/ min. Residual weight is a function of heating rate and increases with heating rate. Higher residual weight is obtained for cotton stalk at different heating rates from 5 to 20^oC/min. The values of energy of activation for cotton and maize stalk are 35 and 40 kJ/mol respectively which is calculated using isothermal conversion method assuming first order kinetics.

[Ali N, Saleem M, Kamil M, Shahzad K, Chughtai A. Thermo Gravimetric Study of Pakistani Cotton & Maize Stalk using the Iso-Conversional Technique. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):382-387]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.50

Keywords: Thermo Gravimetric, Biomass, Activation Energy, Fast Pyrolysis.

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Innovative Processes In Education

Bulakbaeva Miramgul¹, Baimenova Botagoz², Zhubakova Saule², Mychametshanov Bakhytbek ³

^1.PhD, The associate professor Kazakh state female pedagogical university, 050000 Republic of Kazakhstan, city of Alma-Ata, street – Ayteke би, the house – 99

^2.PhD, The associate professor at the department of social pedagogics and self-knowledge of the Eurasian National university named after L.N. Gumilev, Munaitpassov Street, 5, Kazakhstan, Astana, 010000, 87774740269 zhubakova.saule@mail.ru

^3.Kazakh National University of Arts (KazNUA), 010000, Astana, Saryarkadistrict, Pobeda Ave., 65

Abstract: The article discusses the usage of innovative technology in the educational system of Kazakhstan and the introduction in the educational process of teaching effective means. Modern educational system of Kazakhstan is characterized by the introduction of 12-year-old school model that guarantees the achievement of a specific result, implementing student-centered learning. School is seen as the main link in this focused training. Transition to 12 - year education will require updating the entire educational system that will ensure consistency with the legal and social norms, age, individual psychological and creative abilities. Thus, the main strategic direction of the school system in Kazakhstan is on the way to solve the problem of personality-oriented education. It reflects the humanistic trend in philosophy, psychology and pedagogy. The choice of this direction contributes to more efficient formation of an innovation culture among the students.

[Bulakbaeva Miramgul, Baimenova Botagoz, Zhubakova Saule, Mychametshanov Bakhytbek. Innovative Processes In Education. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):388-393]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.51

Keywords: innovative technology, model 12 - the summer school, training, result-oriented, creative ability, methodological reflection.

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Exploring the Induction Program for Novice Teachers

Lokman Mohd Tahir¹, Mohd Nihra Haruzuan Mohd Said², Roslee Ahmad¹, Khadijah Daud¹, Bambang Sumitono¹, Suhana Yusoff¹

¹ Department of Educational Foundation and Social Science, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

² Department of Educational Science, Mathematics and Creative Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. p-lokman@utm.my

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the induction program for novice teachers. This study focuses on the challenges faced by new teachers and how the induction program shaped the novice teachers at school compound. The research also looks at the support provided by school leaders’ and how effective the mentoring programs in helping the newly appointed teachers. This study employed naturalistic the case study approach which refers to their experiences as novice teachers with regards to challenges faced, supports and mentoring through in-depth qualitative interviews with six novice teachers that purposely selected from three different high performing schools. Novice teachers reflected that the schools actually have an informal induction program but the supports they received were rather lacking. The mentoring program look more like a buddy support system as the mentor program is not structured and utilized well. In addition, they also expressed some frustration over the lack of supports they received from school. It was recommended that the school leaders should formulate and implement a more structured plan for an induction program according to the needs of new teachers.

[Lokman Mohd Tahir, Mohd Nihra.Haruzuan Mohd Said, Roslee Ahmad, Khadijah Daud, Bambang Sumintono, Suhana Yusoff. Exploring the Induction Program for Novice Teachers. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):394-406]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.52

Keywords: Induction program; novice teachers; mentoring.

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Synthesis and thermoelectric power measurements of TlGaSe₂ single crystals

A. T. Nagat¹, S. A. Hussein², S. E. Al Garni¹

¹Physics Department, Sciences Faculty for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

²Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt.

sealqarni@kau.edu.sa

Abstract. TlGaSe₂single crystals were grown by modified Bridgman method. Thermoelectric power measurement were carried out in a brass working chamber designed for this purpose, allow measurements in a wide range of temperature under vacuum. The experimental results indicates that TlGaSe₂ is of p-type conductivity. Throughout these measurements, various parameters such as effective mass of charge carriers, carrier mobility, diffusion coefficient, relaxation time and diffusion length for both majority and minority carriers were found. In addition to these pronounced parameters, the efficiency of the thermoelectric element (figure of merit) was evaluated, which leads to better application in many fields.

[A. T. Nagat, S. A. Hussein, S. E. Al Garni. Synthesis and thermoelectric power measurements of TlGaSe₂ single crystals. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):418-422]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.54

Key words: TlGaSe₂ Single Crystal, Thermoelectric Power, Electrical Conductivity.

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Study Effect of Indian Costus and Sea-Qust Oil Extract on Some Opportunistic Bacteria and Yeast.

Manal Othman Al-Kattan and Amna Ali Saddiq

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science for Girls Institute, King Abdulaziz University

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

dr.manalalkattan28@gmail.com

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are opportunistic microbes associated with certain diseases such as diabetes, deep wounds and immunodeficiency. Those microbes have evolved their resistance to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study is to prepare oil extracts from the dried roots of Indian Costus and sea-Qust and test that oil's effectiveness on some bacteria and yeast. The results have recorded significantly high antimicrobial activity against K. pneumonia and C.tropicalis during treatment with Indian Costus oil, the sea-Qust oil was also very effective on C.albicans and S.aureus. Because the cell wall (SEM) of C. albicans was rough and wrinkled. Therefore, the budding of yeast became less with a treatment of Indian Costus oil. Thus, this result demonstrates that oil extract of Costus-type plants is effective that their oil extract could be considered as a natural alternative to antibiotics.

[Manal Othman Al-Kattan and Amna Ali Saddiq. Study Effect of Indian Costus and Sea-Qust Oil Extract on Some Opportunistic Bacteria and Yeast.. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):423-427]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.55

Keywords: Opportunistic pathogens; antimicrobial activity; Indian Costus; oil extracts; sea-Qust; natural alternatives.

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Evaluation of C-reactive protein in Combination with Alvarado Score System in Suspected Cases of Acute Appendicitis.

Ahmed M. Makki, FRCS ¹; Sami S. Judeeba, MBBS ¹; Mohammed A. Makki; Saleh M. Aldaqal, FRCSI ¹; Adnan A. Merdad, FRCSC^{5 1}

¹ Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabi

 ² Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

saldaqal@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of C - reactive protein (CRP) in diagnosis of acute appendicitis for suspected cases and possibility of adding it to Alvarado scoring system. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional prospective study of 124patientswho underwent appendectomy because of suspected acute appendicitis. Alvarado score was determined and considered significant when it is ≥7.CRP level was reported and considered abnormal when its level is above12 mg/dl. Combination of both was labelled as combined integrated test. If both were abnormal, the test was considered positive. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on histopathological findings: normal appendix, acute appendicitis or complicated appendicitis. Results: Normal appendix was found in 24 patients (19.4%), acute appendicitis in 79(63.7%) and complicated appendicitis in 21 (16.9%). Alvarado score was ≥ 7 in 66 (83.5%) of acute appendicitis patients and in all 21(16.9%) of complicated appendicitis patients. CRP level was high in 98(79%) with mean of 62.3mg/dl in 66 (83.5%) of acute appendicitis patientsand 129.1mg/dl in 19(91%) of complicated appendicitis patients. Positive combined integrated test was found in 85(68.5%) and 78(92%) had appendicitis. Combined integrated test showed sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 71%. Conclusion: Combining CRP level with Alvarado score system showed sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 71%. Although that diagnosis of acute appendicitis usually based on clinical judgment, combined integrated test can be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and reduce the number of negative appendectomies. It is simple, cheap and can be obtained immediately to establish diagnosis.

[Ahmed M. Makki; Sami S. Judeeba; Mohammed A. Makki; Saleh M. Aldaqal; Adnan A. Merdad. Evaluation of C-reactive protein in Combination with Alvarado Score System in Suspected Cases of Acute Appendicitis. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):428-432]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.56

Keywords: C–Reactive Protein, Alvarado score; Acute Appendicitis; Complicated Appendicitis.

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Persistence of the transformed Paenibacillus polymyxa expressing cry1c in the plant leaves and its effect on chlorophyll and carotenoid

Nahed Abdel Ghaffar A. Ibrahim¹ Amal Ibrahim Hussien² Adel El-Sayed Hatem² Hani K. Aldebis² and Enrique Vargas-Osuna^2.

¹ Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

² Department of Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Agroforestry Entomology Group, ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Crta Madrid-Cádiz, km 396-a, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.

nahedabdelghaffar@hotmail.com

Abstract: The transformed Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial strain expressing Cry1C (tNMO10) that has dual function: bio-fertilizer and biocontrol agent of the Lepidopteron insects was used in spraying the cotton plants. plant leaves were checked for the presence of the transformed bacteria inside it by PCR detection of cry1C gene and total protein profiling. Two pairs of specific primers that give 2.2 kb and 3.7 kb amplified products from cry1C gene were used. Moreover, chlorophyll A, B & total chlorophyll A+B and carotenoid were determined. The data revealed, the presence of Cry1C toxin protein in the total cellular protein pattern of sprayed plant leaves with tNMO10 while was not found in those sprayed with parent strain (NMO10) and the reference strain Bt aizawai. The PCR could detect the 2.2 kb and 3.7 kb of the cry1C gene with plant leaves that sprayed with the tNMO10. Chlorophyll A, B and A+B showed increase in concentration in the second and fourth week after planting in the plant leaves treated with tNMO10 over the concentration of that leaves treated with the NMO10. The plant leaves that not treated with bacteria (control) showed the lowest concentration. The values of CA, CB and CA+B in the second week in plant leaves that treated with control, untransformed strain NMO10 and transformed strain tNMO10 respectively were as follow: CA: 18.63< 24.24< 28.59 mg/L, CB: 14.49< 21.73< 23.88 mg/L, CAB: 33.45< 41.65< 47.36 mg/L. In addition, the carotenoid content showed the same behavior of chlorophyll giving the following values in the second week with control, untransformed strain and transformed strain respectively, 4.18< 5.19< 5.69. Thus, the transformed bacteria tNMO10 caused improvement in the cotton plants through the increase of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents due to its presence survival and expressing its toxin Cry1C protein inside the cotton leaves.

[Nahed Abdel Ghaffar A. Ibrahim; Amal Ibrahim Hussien; Adel El-Sayed Hatem; Hani K. Aldebis and Enrique Vargas-Osuna. Persistence of the transformed paenibacillus polymyxa expressing cry1c in the plant leaves and its effect on chlorophyll and carotenoid. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):433-442]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.57

Keywards: Paenibacillus polymyxa, NMO10 bacterial strain, tNMO10 transformed bacterial strain, Cry1C toxin protein, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid.

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Scrum of Scrums Solution for Large Size Teams Using Scrum Methodology

 Saja Al Qurashi, M. Rizwan Jameel Qureshi

Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

saja_alqurashi@yahoo.com, anriz@hotmail.com

Abstract: Scrum is a structured framework to support complex product development. However, Scrum methodology faces a challenge of managing large teams. To address this challenge, in this paper we propose a solution called Scrum of Scrums. In Scrum of Scrums, we divide the Scrum team into teams of the right size, and then organize them hierarchically into a Scrum of Scrums. The main goals of the proposed solution are to optimize communication between teams in Scrum of Scrums; to make the system work after integration of all parts; to reduce the dependencies between the parts of system; and to prevent the duplication of parts in the system.

[Qurashi SA, Qureshi MRJ. Scrum of Scrums Solution for Large Size Teams Using Scrum Methodology. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):443-449]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.58

Keywords: Agile; Scrum; Scrum of Scrums; large team; Scrum meeting; daily meeting.

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Effect of aflatoxin contaminated diet on major salivary glands and the protective role of Ozone application

Abou-Zeid, A.W.¹, Hassan, N.², Abou El-Yazeed, M.³

¹Oral Histopathology Department, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.

²General Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

³Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

nabilas.hassan@yahoo.com

Abstract: Saliva is produced by the submandibular (SMG), sublingual (SLG) and parotid (PTG) glands in addition to multiple minor salivary glands present throughout the mouth. Saliva and salivary glands are important because of their role in oral mucosal health. Food contaminants entering the body through the oral route are directly exposed to the action of saliva. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the histopathological and histochemical changes in SMG, SLG, and PTG glands in rats fed aflatoxin (AFB₁) contaminated peanuts and evaluation of the decontamination effect with Ozone (O₃). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and four tested Groups treated for 4 weeks as follow: Control Group fed regular basal diet, Group 1 fed control peanuts; Group 2 fed peanuts treated with O₃ (40 mg) for 10 min; Group 3 fed AFB₁ contaminated peanuts (1.5 mg/ kg) and Group (4) fed AFB₁ contaminated peanuts treated with O₃ using the same dose and period as in Group 2. Tissue specimens of SLG, SMG and PTG were taken at the end of experiment and fixed for histological and histochemical examinations. The results indicated that AFB₁ increased the incidence of histopathological alterations in SMG, SLG and PTG. These alterations were manifested by pleomorphic serous acinar and vacuolar changes as well as fatty degeneration of acinar cells. The results also revealed a marked dilatation in the stromal spaces which resulted in a significant increase in fibrous tissues mainly collagen fibers especially in SMG and PTG. Some acinar nuclei were replaced by irregular, hypertrophy chromatin condensed mass and lost their nuclear envelop. The histochemical results showed that AFB₁ also induced a significant decrease in total protein and acid glycoprotein. All these alterations were improved significantly in the group fed with the Ozone treated AFB₁ contaminated diet. It could be concluded that AFB₁ induced severe toxic effects on the studied salivary glands and these alterations could be prevented or reduced when AFB₁ contaminated food was treated with Ozone. Moreover, Ozone itself was safe and did not show any detrimental effects.

[Abou-Zeid, A.W., Hassan, N. and Abou El-Yazeed, M. Effect of aflatoxin contaminated diet on major salivary glands and the protective role of Ozone application. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):450-460]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.59

Keywords: Salivary glands - Ozone - Aflatoxin - Histopathology - Histochemistry.

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Effectiveness of the proposed trainingprogram on attention and working memory for children with special needs in Saudi Arabia

Diaa E M, Motaweh ⁽¹⁾; HiroMitsu, Fukuyama⁽²⁾; Ahmed N A, Issa⁽³⁾

¹ Curriculum and Instruction Dept, Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

²Iwamizawa campus, Hokkaido University of Education, Japan

³ Special Education Department, Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

ahmednabawy50@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study aims at revealing the effectiveness of a program of the art of paper forming activities, Origami, for the development of attention and working memory in a sample of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of (25) students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The study used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Scale (DSM-IV-TR^®) for attention deficit and hyperactivity and a test of scientific concepts photographer to assess working memory. Results indicated a high level of the sample’s attention deficit in the pre application 77%, and a low level of the sample’s attention deficit in the post application 55.5%.Conclusion: The T. Test value is a significant value of (9.17) in (0.05 level)which indicates the effectiveness of the suggested program in decreasing attention deficit hyperactivity. This indicates the effectiveness of the suggested program in sample performance on the scientific concepts Test, and working memory. Recommendations: employing origami activities as one of cheap technology to reduce attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder of children with special needs. Research objectives:1- Preparing an Origami activities program for developing the attention and the working memory capacity for a sample of elementary students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Jeddah.2- Determining the effectiveness of the suggested program of forming Origami activities, for developing the attention for a sample of elementary students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Jeddah.3- Determining the effectiveness of the suggested program of forming Origami activities, for developing the working memory capacity for a sample of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Jeddah.

[Diaa E M, Motaweh; HiroMitsu, Fukuyamaand Ahmed N A, Issa. Effectiveness of the proposed training program on attention and working memory for children with special needs in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):461-474]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.60

Keywords: Origami, Attention deficit, working memory.

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Oxidative damage of the anticoccidial drug toltrazuril in mice liver and intestine

Ayied M.A. Hassan

Department of Animal production  Faculty of Agriculture and veterinary Medicine, Ibb university, Yemen

ayied2003@hotmail.com

Abstract: Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. Animals were divided into two groups of 10 mice per group. The first group was considered as the control group which gaveged distilled water twice a week. Toltrazuril 2.5% solution was given orally twice at a 1-week interval at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight. Toltrazuril induced a significant increase in the level of intestinal and blood serum malondealdehyde. Also, toltrazuril induced a significant increase in the level of nitric oxide in the liver and blood of mice after one week post-treatment. Moreover, mice treated with toltrazuril for one week showed a significant increase in the blood level of glutathione. The current work investigated the antioxidant properties of toltrazuril in the mice liver, intestine and blood serum.

[Ayied MAH. Oxidative damage of the anticoccidial drug toltrazuril in mice liver and intestine. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):475-478]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.61

Keywords: toltrazuril; oxidative stress; liver; intestine; mice.

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The information basis for formation of positive ethnic identities in the process of acculturation of indigenous peoples of the Arctic Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of formation of positive ethnic identity of indigenous peoples of the Arctic Siberia. In this article are discusses the results of applied research in 2010-2014. Were used focus groups, questionnaires, personal interviews, expert opinion. In the study were directly involved Evenks, compactly living in Krasnoyarsk and in Evenkia. Were identified difficulties in interethnic communication between ethnic groups of indigenous peoples of the Arctic Siberia and the Russian ethnic group. The main reason of difficulties between the Evenks and Russians is that a large number of residents of the city of Krasnoyarsk and the Krasnoyarsk region have no information about the unique culture of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic Siberia. Evenks are afraid that endangered is their own unique culture. Are proposed measures to strengthen state support to preserve the unique culture of the Evenks.

[Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. The information basis for formation of positive ethnic identities in the process of acculturation of indigenous peoples of the Arctic Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Russia). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):479-483]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.62

Keywords: Arctic Siberia, Indigenous People, Evenks, Krasnoyarsk Region, positive ethnic identity.

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Tissue culture and some of the factors affecting them and the micropropagation of strawberry

Ahsan A. Kadhimi^1, Arshad Naji Alhasnawi^2, Azhar Mohamad³ Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff⁴ Che Radziah Binti Che Mohd. Zain⁵

School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia^1,2,4&5

Ministry of Higher Education, Iraq¹

University Presidency, AL- Muthanna University, Iraq²

Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Malaysia³

Corresponding author email: kkkihsan@yahoo.com

Abstract: The plant tissue culture refers to the cultivation of different part of the plant, I both single cell organ tissue and under sterile circumstances at the media and industrial expansion in several controlled circumstances. The method of the plant tissue culture plays a pivotal role in the second green revolution that gene modification and biotechnology can be used for improving the crop harvest and also superiority. Through using plant tissue culture methods plants can be attained from several explants over direct or indirect morphogenesis and by somatic embryogenesis. Direct morphogenesis refers to the manufacture of shoots from explants deprived of passing over callus (unorganised tissue) stage while indirect morphogenesis relates to the generation of shoots over the callus stage. The culture in which an organized form of growing may be incessantly got is mentioned to as an organ culture. The most significant types of organ cultures used for micropropagation are meristem cultures, shoot cultures, embryo cultures and isolated root cultures. Callus cultures, suspension or cell cultures, protoplast cultures or other cultures are clustered as unorganised tissue cultures. The method that was used was the plant tissue culture in the circulation of several plants, that is also the most significant way for strawberry production, to get the plants disease-free viral and harvest plants like the mother plant or the manufacture of new kinds with good potentials that help the turnout for the cultivation of this plant, that is considered by its high fruits nutritional value. Most plants are affected by the micropropagation strawberry essential basics of the media, like hormones, vitamins, amino acids and physical state and the power source to the media. This paper is a summary of the classic and new technology plant tissue culture and the effect of some features, like the media and development managers (hormone plant), vitamins, amino acids and the physical case of the media. It frequently affects most of these features in the circulation of plants using the tissue culture over the effect in the creation of callus or embryos or vegetative emergence and development of roots, as well as in the fraction development of branches and roots as well as the development highlighted in the influence of these influences on the micropropagation of plants.

[Ahsan A. Kadhimi Arshad Naji Alhasnawi Azhar Mohamad Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff Che Radziah Binti Che Mohd. Zain. Tissue culture and some of the factors affecting them and the micropropagation of strawberry. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):484-493]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.63

Key words: tissue culture, micropropagation, Growth regulators, Amino acids, in vitro.

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Progress of information society in Russia and deficit of staff potential

Gramudin Latifovich Abdulgalimov

Sholokhov Moscow State University for the Humanities, Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya str., 16-18, Moscow, 109240, Russia

Abstract. The problems of progress of information society in Russia are reported. The author emphasizes that the deficit of competent IT-specialists is the main challenge of social informatization and its resolution relates to education updating. As one solution of training staff potential for the information society, the professional education content should be adapted to the requirements of IT-market. It is also remarked that the universal staff potential should be optimized by re-training the employees for all spheres of man activity with the account of information society requirements.

[Abdulgalimov G.L. Progress of information society in Russia and deficit of staff potential. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):494-496] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.64 

Keywords: country informatization, staff potential deficit, IT-specialists training, education system updating, IT-competence of employees in information society.

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Assessment of quality of social life of the region (on the example of the republic of Dagestan)

Madina Magomeddibirovna Abdusalamova

Dagestan State University, Hajiyev Street, 43-a, Makhachkala, 367000, Dagestan, Russia

Abstract. The article examines the regional disparities in income and quality of life. Differentiation and inequality in income, the trend of concentration of income at the individual groups and reduction of the gap between rich and poor are analyzed. The analysis of the structure and dynamics of monetary incomes of the population of Russia and Dagestan, the distribution of population by per capita income is provided.

[Abdusalamova M.M. Assessment of quality of social life of the region (on the example of the republic of Dagestan). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):497-501] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.65 

Keywords: population income, structure and dynamics of the monetary income, average per capita income, salary, social payments

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Analytical and management approaches to modeling of the accounting balance sheet

Aleksey Nikolaevich Bobryshev¹, Tatyana Nikolaevna Uryadova¹, Elena Petrovna Lyubenkova², Viktor Sergeevich Yakovenko¹ and Oksana Anatolievna Alekseeva³

¹Stavropol State Agrarian University, ²State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Professional Education «Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute», Stavropol, Russia

³North-Caucasus Federal University, Russia

Abstract. The suggested methodological approaches to increase the analytical properties of the balance consist in synchronization of analytical and management aspects of information relevance rise. The first approach is based on determination of such balance structure, which provides the substantiation of main standard (criteria) indicator values of companies' activity on one common methodological base, using the balance method, the content of which consists in the development of structure of main and current assets in interconnection with the balance liability structure. The second approach allows neutralizing the existing immanent research and information delimiters of using the initial balance, as a source for analytical actions, due to its transformation into the balance sheet statement.

[Bobryshev A.N., Uryadova T.N., Lyubenkova E.P., Yakovenko V.S., Alekseeva O.A. Analytical and management approaches to modeling of the accounting balance sheet. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):502-506] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.66 

Keywords: balance sheet statement, financial analysis, PHI balance, balance reference structure, standard balance method, liquidity, paying capacity, financial situation

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Linguo-didactic peculiarities of Tatar language teaching course

Kadriya Sungatovna Fatkhullova, Zoya Nikolaevna Kirillova and Alfiya Shavketovna Yusupova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The paper deals with linguo-didactic peculiarities of course Tatar language teaching. The article presents a historical insight into 1920-1930 of the XX century in respect of short-term Tatar language courses for Russian. Linguistic and methodological peculiarities of modern educational means, used in the process of adult linguistic education, are also studied. In present-day situation, the teaching system for Tatar, as a state language of the Tatarstan Republic, combines traditional and innovative components, aimed at further improvement of the communicative competence of the students. Integral scientific investigation of linguo-didactic peculiarities of Tatar course teaching as a second language provides an opportunity to elaborate the methodological recommendations to implement them into educational process.

[Fatkhullova K.S., Kirillova Z.N., Yusupova A.S. Linguo-didactic peculiarities of Tatar language teaching course. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):507-511] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.67 

Keywords: Tatar language, course teaching, history and contemporaneity, linguo-didactic peculiarities, educational means, interpersonal communication, level control

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Modern technologies of composite materials' heat treatment

Vladimir Nikolaevich Nefedov

National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Street, 20, 101000, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Mainstreams of microwave technologies’ development and applications both in Russia and abroad are presented. Such directions as energetic efficiency of microwave technologies, ceramics and polymer heat treatment, basalt melting, drying of thermo-insulating materials, treatment of wastage are examined. Experimental studies were carried out on the electromagnetic field frequency oscillations of 2450 MHz. Polymer composite materials' thermal conductivity is very small and their heat treatment with gas or other known methods does not lead to the entire volume uniformity of heating, which leads to various flaws in the finished products during production. Future trends of different microwave technologies are shown especially in the part of even temperature field creation in materials as a pacing factor of quality goods production.

[Nefedov V.N. Modern technologies of composite materials' heat treatment. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):512-515] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.68 

Keywords: the microwave energy source, temperature field distribution, dielectric material, waveguide

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Evolutionary aspects of innovation development

Elena Fiodorovna Nikitskaya, Anastasia Anatolyevna Safronova, Olga Nikolaevna Zhidkova, Andrey Anatolyevich Ivanov, Ludmila Nikolaevna Ivanova-Shvets and Natalia Aleksandrovna Mamedova

Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI), Nezhinskaya str., 7, Moscow, 119501, Russia

Abstract. The paper explores the evolutionary approach to the study of innovation processes at all levels of the economy. One of the new trends of the evolutionary approach is the global evolutionism, which examines the process of evolution as an inclusive process - from the creation of the universe to the present state of nature and society. The theory of global evolutionism is expressed in the general trend of dynamic processes towards progressive change and is inextricably linked with the theory of evolution based on the adaptation mechanisms. The difference between these theories is connected with the fact that the global evolutionism admits regression as a form of variability. Possibility of evolutionary progress or regress in innovation depends on the effectiveness of public policy.

[Nikitskaya E.F., Safronova A.A., Zhidkova O.N., Ivanov A.A., Ivanova-Shvets L.N., Mamedova N.A. Evolutionary aspects of innovation development. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):516-519] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.69 

Keywords: innovative development, evolutionary processes, global evolutionism, adaptive behavior, diffusion of innovations, stages of development

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Soviet state policy towards the "sectarians" in the first post-revolutionary years (1917-1922): theoretical and philosophical foundations and practical implementation (based on foreign studies)

Natalia Vladimirovna Potapova

Sakhalin State University, Lenina str., 290, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article deals with the theoretical and philosophical foundations of Bolsheviks’ attitude towards religion in general and "sectarianism", in particular, during fledging years after the October Revolution. The relationship between philosophical views and practical policy of the Bolshevik government is analyzed. Unformedness of religious policy of the Soviet state in combination with the pre-revolutionary affection of the top Bolshevik leadership to "sectarians", who, like the Bolsheviks, were persecuted by the tsarist autocracy, as well as the hope for their support of young power, predetermined inconsistent, but the loyal in general attitude of the new state towards "sectarians" during fledging years after the October Revolution. Research attention is focused on the analysis and assessment of the Bolsheviks’ religious policy represented in the foreign English-language historiography.

[Potapova N.V. Soviet state policy towards the "sectarians" in the first post-revolutionary years (1917-1922): theoretical and philosophical foundations and practical implementation (based on foreign studies). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):520-523] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.70 

Keywords: bolsheviks, V.I. Lenin, V.D. Bonch-Bruevich, religion, sectarianism, the October Revolution, the Civil War, freedom of conscience.

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Definition of development level of communicative features of mathematical speech of bilingual students

Leila Leonardovna Salekhova¹, Nail Kadirovich Tuktamyshov², Rinata Raisovna Zaripova¹, Rasih Farukovich Salakhov¹

¹Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008,  Russia

²Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, Zelenaya Str., 1,  Kazan,  420043, Russia

Abstract. Lingual environment of Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation) is bilingual. Pupils in schools are being taught on two languages: Russia and Tatar. Some graduates of schools of Republic of Tatarstan study in the institutions of high education on bilingual base. The aim of research is to develop and apply definition criteria of development level of basic communicative features of mathematical speech of bilingual students.

[Salekhova L.L., Tuktamyshov N.K., Zaripova R.R., Salakhov R.F. Definition of development level of communicative features of mathematical speech of bilingual students. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):524-526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.71 

Keywords: bilingual education, bilingual competence, bilingual students, basic characteristics of “mathematically structured speech” (MSS)

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Modernization of the system of credit risk management in the second tier banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Serik Svyatov and Aliya Nurgaliyeva

Turar Ryskulov Kazakh University of Economics, Kazakhstan

Abstract. This article considers the key issues of credit risk management of second-tier banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was revealed that currently, certain tendencies are growing, which will most probably adversely affect the indexes of overdue and potentially non-returnable consumer debts. In 2013, the scopes of consumer lending, including unsecured loans, rose in the country; and the worsening of the loan discipline of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan was observed, which will sure adversely affect the quality of loan portfolios. The article suggests two new unique instruments, which will help loan institutions to improve their risk management systems.

[Svyatov S., Nurgaliyeva A. Modernization of the system of credit risk management in the second tier banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):527-531] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.72 

Keywords: banking sector, STB, lending, risk management, credit risk, non-performing loan, debt in arrears

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Scheduling and allocation of tasks and virtual machines in cloud computing

Raissa K. Uskenbayeva¹, Abu A. Kuandykov¹, Zhyldyz B. Kalpeyeva², Sabina B. Rakhmetulayeva³, Nurzhan K. Mukazhanov¹

¹The International Information Technologies University, Manas Str./Zhandosov Str., 34 «A»/8 «A», Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan

²Kazakh National Technical University after K.I.Satpayev, Satpaev Str., 22a, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan

³Kazakh Economic University after T. Ryskulov, Zhandosov Str., 55, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

Abstract. This work enunciates the task of input stream optimisation of user task and virtual machines, installed on physical servers in cloud data-centre. The characteristic feature of the task setting consists of the fact that the deceleration of physical servers computing is taken into account so far as their resources are filled with virtual machines. Basing on heuristics, offered in this work, in future one can investigate and build effective algorithms for facilities assignment in computer systems, built according to "cloud computing" technology.

[Uskenbayeva R.K., Kuandykov A.A., Kalpeyeva Z. B., Rakhmetulayeva S.B., Mukazhanov N.K. Scheduling and allocation of tasks and virtual machines in cloud computing. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):532-538] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.73 

Keywords: cloud computing, virtual machine allocation, task allocation, scheduling

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The acmeological center: the results of its activity of fostering competitive specialists

Diana Valerievna Zhuina

FSBEIHPE “Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evsevyev”, Studencheskaya Street, 11a, Saransk, 430007, Russia

Abstract. This article brings to light the issue of the competitiveness of young specialists and ways of effectively resolving it. The author analyzes the major activity areas of acmeological service agencies, provides a detailed description of the Acmeological Center’s service expertise in the making and development of students’ professional and personal competencies in the setting of the innovation educational environment of pedagogical colleges, which are crucial to being a competitive specialist, and draws a conclusion about the need to conduct purposeful and methodical work on creating proper conditions for fostering competitive specialists.

[Zhuina D.V. The acmeological center: the results of its activity of fostering competitive specialists. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):539-541] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.74 

Keywords: acmeology, competitiveness, competitive specialist, career, career orientation of the personality of students, professional competencies, personal competencies

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Specific features of teaching English language in multicultural space (on the example of the religious educational institutions of the republic of Tatarstan) 

Albina Rinatovna Abdrafikova, Rimma Maratovna Akhmadullina, Aliya Amirovna Singatullova 

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article deals with the general questions of the process of teaching a foreign language in the multicultural space. Specifically, the process of (English) language acquisition of the students in the multicultural classes is observed. The article reveals the problems of teaching a foreign language (English) in the schools with the confessional orientation. Some methodical recommendations are offered by the authors in order to improve the process of acquiring a foreign language at the same educational environment.

[Abdrafikova A.R., Akhmadullina R.M., Singatullova A.A. Specific features of teaching English language in multicultural space (on the example of the religious educational institutions of the republic of Tatarstan). Life Sci J 2014;11(8):542-544] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.75 

Keywords: sociolinguistic and ethnic background, cross-cultural interaction, language acquisition, reflexive abilities, principle of interference

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The effect of planting density on the crop yield, the structure and the quality of middle-early variety of potato in the west Kazakhstan 

Yergali Ayupov¹, Amangeldi Apushev², Faniia Faizraxmanovna Zamalieva³, Madi Gabdulov¹

 ¹West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named after Zhangir Khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

²Kazakh National Agricultural University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

³GNU Tatar scientific research Institute of agriculture of RAAS, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia 

Abstract. This paper presents the results of studying the effect of planting density of a promising variety  Yagodnyi 19 and the standard variety Nevsky on the yield and quality parameters of potato in the conditions of west Kazakhstan. Experimental factors included potato varieties (Nevsky and Yagodnyi 19) and different density planting (40,8, 47.6,  57.1 and 71.4 thou. pcs / ha). Studies showed that the optimum planting density is 57.1 thou. pcs / ha, at which the variety Nevsky formed a yield of - 25.43 thou / ha, Yagodnyi 19- 27.88 thou / ha. When the density was 57.1 thou pcs / ha, compared with the density 71.4 thou. pcs / ha seeds costs decrease by 25%. The average tuber weight decreases with the thickening of planting. With the increase of the planting norm, we can notice some decline in the marketability and an increase in the yield of seed tubers. Thus, there is a tendency of increasing starch and vitamin C content, and reducing the amount of nitrates in the tubers of the examined varieties.

[Ayupov Y., Apushev A., Zamalieva F.F., Gabdulov M. The effect of planting density on the crop yield, the structure and the quality of middle-early variety of potato in the west Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):545-548] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.76 

Keywords: potato, planting density, variety, crop structure, starch, nitrate, vitamin C, marketability, yield

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The problem of forecasting and modelling of the innovative development of social-economic systems and structures

Mikhail Nikolaevich Dudin¹, Nikolay Vasil'evich Lyasnikov¹, Mikhail Yakovlevich Veselovsky², Vladimir Dmitriyevich Sekerin³, Vera Grigoryevna Aleksakhina²

¹Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship, Radio Str., 14, Moscow, 105005, Russia

²Financial and Technological Academy, Gagarin Str., 42, Korolyev, 141070, Moscow region, Russia

³Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Str., 38, Moscow, 107023, Russia 

Abstract. This article is an overview of the current theoretical and methodological approaches to the forecasting and modelling of the innovative development of social-economic systems and structures. The innovation factor is considered to be a dominant factor of the stable development taking into account the restrictions in inner and outer environment of business and corporate entities. This work shows that the forecasting and planning are two interrelated procedures, aimed at development and implementation of the scientifically grounded basis for functioning and development of social-economic systems of macro- and micro-levels.

[Dudin M.N., Lyasnikov N.V., Veselovsky M.Y., Sekerin V.D., Aleksakhina V.G. The problem of forecasting and modelling of the innovative development of social-economic systems and structures. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):549-552] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.77 

Keywords: innovations, forecasting, modelling, planning, stable development, social-economic systems, inertial development, innovative breakthrough

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Globalization of energy saving problems and identifying of the ways of solving them in investment - building complex 

Vladimir Leonidovich Kurbatov and Svetlana Michailovna Naumenko 

North-Caucasian Branch of Belgorod State Technological University after V.G. Shukhov (Mineralnye Vody), Zheleznovodskaya Str. 24, Mineralnye Vody, 357202, Stavropol region, Russia

Abstract. In the context of sustainable development of the construction industry the article gives the strategic objectives of scientific and technological progress and innovation in the field of energy conservation. The main criteria for sustainable development are limit consumption of natural resources and protection of the human environment. In this regard, the development of programs for efficient use of energy resources is a major national, energy, economic and environmental problem.

[Kurbatov V.L., Naumenko S.M. Globalization of energy saving problems and identifying of the ways of solving them in investment - building complex. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):553-557] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.78 

Keywords: sustainable development, energy resources, building complex, innovative processes

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Institutional bases of assurance of reliability and stability of Non-State pension funds

Natalya Vasilevna Orlova

Volgograd branch of Federal Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State University of Tourism and Service”, Kirova Str., 121, 400067, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. In the article there are examined basic ways for providing assurance of reliability and stability of non-state pensions funds as source of ancillary social security of citizens. There are validated basic variants of using the pension schemes, allowing increasing effectiveness of deposits and providing stable warranted payments. There are indicated main directions of increasing the investment resources in the developing of system of the non-state pension funds, making the profitable macroeconomic conditions for their functioning.

[Orlova N.V. Institutional bases of assurance of reliability and stability of Non-State pension funds. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):558-562] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.79

Keywords: Non-state pension funds, pension schemes, pension period, pension protection, reliability and stability of non-state funds, insurance reserve funds, warranted insurance benefits

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History of study of public Islam and Muslim education during pre-revolutionary period of Kazakhs 

Gulnaz Maksutovna Razdykova

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Mira Str., 60, Pavlodar, 140000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article also presents the results of a wide variety of sources and literature, especially in the study of pre-revolutionary period literature in the second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries. New ethnographic materials can extend the idea of the nature of everyday Islam of Kazakh people. In the history of the Kazakhs canons of Islam closely intertwined with shamanism, magic, animism.

[Razdykova G.M. History of study of public Islam and Muslim education during pre-revolutionary period of Kazakhs. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):563-567] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.80 

Keywords: Islam, Muslim education, historiography of Islam, ethnography of Kazakhs, syncretism, history of Islam among Kazakhs

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Variational principle and the problems dynamics

Nail Talgatovich Valishin

Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, K. Marx Str. 10, Kazan, 420111, Tatarstan, Russia

Abstract. The ability of variational approach in physical science is demonstrated. The local variational principle (LVP) is formulated, and the matter of the V-function method is revealed, the method is used for the continuation of the optical-mechanical analogy. The properties of the wave nature of electron motion in the hydrogen-like atom and the object (particle) motion for the harmonic oscillator are investigated. It is shown that the hydrogen-like atom energy levels obtained by the V-function method are the same ones available in the quantum physics classical results.

[Valishin N.T. Variational principle and the problems dynamics. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):568-574] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.81 

Keywords: variational principle, wave function, wave equation, undulating movement, path motion, hydrogen-like atom, harmonic oscillator

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Seal design features for systems and units of aviation engines

Alexandr Sergeevich Vinogradov

Samara State Aerospace University, Moskovskoe shosse, 34, Samara, 443086, Russia

Abstract. Usually at seal designing the complex of problems is observed, which is restricted only by the friction pair. These problems are leakage, reliability, deformations of seal rings, heat generation in a gap etc. This method is the main, but for research of some problems it is not sufficient. Development of program complexes on the basis of numerical methods does possible an application of the second additional method. The second method consists in the research of seal as parts of system of the engine or its unit. In article the possibilities of seal research as element of air secondary system, oil system and engine supports are observed. In each case leakage and a seal design are defined through demanded parameters of systems. The combination of two research methods does possible improvement not only separate seal unit, but also to perfect the systems and efficiency of entire engine.

[Vinogradov A.S. Seal design features for systems and units of aviation engines. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):575-580] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.82 

Keywords: seal, aircraft engine, system, bearing support, oil, heat transfer, cooling, temperature, pressure, vibration

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Cooperation between Russia and EU in solving the problems of power generation security in Europe

Elena Nikolaevna Zakharova

Head of Economy and Management Department, Adyghe State University, Maikop, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the problems of ensuring of power generation security of European countries within the framework of bilateral cooperation between Russia and EU. The author outlines the main tendencies of world power generation evolution and analyzes the consumption of power generation resources in Europe. A typical feature in Europe is a strong power generation dependency on the Russian import. The currently implemented set of measures by EU implies the ‘third package’ which intensifies tension between Russia and EU. A compromise is needed with EU about the norms of application of the third package to Russian projects. To consolidate the power generation security on the European continent, the political dialog should be encouraged in order to stimulate cooperation in power generation supply.

[Zakharova E.N. Cooperation between Russia and EU in solving the problems of power generation security in Europe. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):581-585] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.83 

Keywords: power consumption, power security, EU, third power package, proven reserves, dependency on imports

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Diagnostics of career orientation peculiar for the personality of pedagogy students

Diana Valerievna Zhuina

FSBEI  HPE “Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evsevyev”, Studencheskaya Street, 11a, Saransk, 430007, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with studying the career orientation of the personality of pedagogy students as a key element of the structure of the personality of a competitive specialist who is in demand on the labor market. The author analyzed the main research trends in this problematic area. Based on the analysis of theoretical sources, the elements of the personality career orientation were identified, such as: career orientations, attitude of an individual to his career, career competence, career readiness. The article describes in detail the procedure and the results of empirical study targeting identification of career orientation of the pedagogy students' personality, formulates the conclusion on the necessity of carrying out goal-oriented and scheduled work on creation of adequate conditions for development of the career orientation of the students' personality.

[Zhuina D.V. Diagnostics of career orientation peculiar for the personality of pedagogy students. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):586-589] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.84 

Keywords: career, personality orientation, career orientation of students' personality, elements of the personality career orientation

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The Possibility of Achieving the Self-Sufficiency of Red Meat in Egypt

¹Rania. M. Bargsh, ¹Nayera.Y. Solieman and ²M. I. Mohamed

¹Department of Agricultural Economics, ²Department of Animal Production, National Center for Research, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: The study has shown that self-sufficiency of red meat can be achieved through adopting four different scenarios. The most important economic effects resulted from these four proposed scenarios are represented in that the increase in the amount of net meat will contribute in reducing the size of food gap of meat by about 41%, 0.6%, 24%, 18% and it will contribute in reducing the amount and the value of meat by about 56%, 8%, 33%, 25% in the first, second, third and fourth scenarios, respectively. Therefore, the study recommends that the state shall adopt the four proposed scenarios, especially the first and the third. The first scenario contributes to increase meat production through increasing the weights of all cattle and buffalo. However, the third scenario contributes to an increase in meat production through increasing the buffalo production of Egypt, compared to the increase in meat production through increasing the buffalo production of Egypt in the second and fourth scenarios.

[Rania. M. Bargsh, Nayera. Y. Solieman and M. I. Mohamed. The Possibility of Achieving the Self-sufficiency of Red Meat in Egypt. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):590-595] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.85

Keywords: Red meat – Self-sufficiency – Unconventional diets – Egypt

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Systematic and subsistential analysis of the conditions of stable development of local mono-product markets

Vladimir I. Berezhnoy¹, Elena V. Berezhnaya¹, Alexey N. Gerasimov², Yevgeny I. Gromov², Olga I. Shatalova¹

¹North-Caucasian Federal University, Kulakov ave., 2, Stavropol, 355029, Russia

²Stavropol State Agrarian University, Zoo technical Lane, 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia

Abstract. The authors suggested in the article and implemented the methodology of the systematic and subsistential analysis of stable development of local mono-product markets, the scientific and methodological base of which is the comprehensive research of the three main system blocks of this market: resources; intensity of ties, and sales. Delimitation of the main blocks of the studied markets was made with account of the contemporary conceptual representations of the theory of markets and the theory of contracts. During the analysis of the block of intensity of economic ties, the volumes of sales of various crop products were used as the importance weight. Approbation of the methodology was carried out through the example of local crop products markets of the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation. This methodology reveals the capacity of further growth of the studied markets and allows evaluating the organizational element of intensity of local crop products markets.

[Berezhnoy V.I., Berezhnaya E.V., Gerasimov A.N., Gromov Y.I., Shatalova O.I. Systematic and subsistential analysis of the conditions of stable development of local mono-product markets. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):596-599] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.86

Keywords: systematic and subsistential analysis, local market, stable development, North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD)

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Methodology of application of the systematic and derivative analysis of the conditions of the local raw materials market development

Vladimir I. Berezhnoy¹, Elena V. Berezhnaya¹, Olga V. Berezhnaya¹, Natalya N. Telnova², Elena A. Ostapenko², Olga I. Shatalova¹

¹North-Caucasian Federal University, Kulakov ave, 2, Stavropol, 355029, Russia

²Stavropol State Agrarian University, Zoo technical Lane, 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia

Abstract. The authors have developed in the article the methodology of the systematic and derivative analysis of local mono-product markets development, which methodology is based on conceptual understanding of the results of development of these markets as a total of derivative forms reflecting the interaction between producers of agricultural products, parties of its industrial processing, investors, and owners of special infrastructure objects. This methodology targets delimiting and evaluating the three subsequent understandings of the efficiency of the studied markets development: the organizational, economic, and social ones.

[Berezhnoy V. I., Berezhnaya E.V., Berezhnaya O.V., Telnova N.N., Ostapenko E.A., Shatalova O.I. Methodology of application of the systematic and derivative analysis of the conditions of the local raw materials market development. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):600-602] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.87

Keywords: systematic and derivative analysis, derivative forms, local market of crop products, organizational, economic, and social efficiency, North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD). 

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Research of the technology for obtaining top wool

Indira Jurinskaya¹, Murat Otynshiyev¹ and Evgeny Bitus²

¹Almaty Technological University, Tole bi str, 100, Almaty, 050012, Republic of Kazakhstan

²Moscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K.G. Razumovskiy, Zemlyanoy Val, 73, Moscow, 109004, Russia

Abstract. The article addresses the development of a comprehensive technology of coarse and semi-coarse sheep wool high-level processing that ensures obtaining new kinds of wool product, underwool, various semi-finished products out of it. Research has been made of primary and high-level processing of impure semi and semi-coarse wool: wool sorting, washing, obtaining underwool from wool by dehairing coarse fibers using Oktir carding machinery made in Italy. Research was made at LLP "Wool primary processing factory – Taraz" in the Kazakhstan Republic.

[Jurinskaya I., Otynshiyev M., Bitus E. Research of the technology for obtaining top wool. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):603-606] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.88

Keywords: wool, sheep wool, underwool, carding machines, natural fibers, fiber length.

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About the possibility of sorption concentration of heavy metals using magnetite

Damir Afgatovich Kharlyamov, Gennady Vitalievich Mavrin and Irina Yakovlevna Sippel

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 68/19, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423812, Russian Federation

Abstract. This paper addresses the possibility of using magnetite nanoparticles for sorption concentration of heavy metals ions in the analysis of their trace amounts. On the example of copper, lead and nickel ions, optimum conditions for concentrating have been determined, pH, temperature and contact time effect on the adsorption process have been studied in the static mode, and magnetite sorption capacity has been calculated on the basis of experimental data.

[Kharlyamov D.A., Mavrin G.V., Sippel I.Y. About the possibility of sorption concentration of heavy metals using magnetite. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):607-610] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.89

Keywords: heavy metals, sorption, concentrating, magnetite.

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Application of marketing strategy for the municipal education development

Sergey Aleksandrovich Orehov, Elena Fiodorovna Nikitskaya, Olga Nikolaevna Zhidkova, Nadezhda Anatolyevna Kudrova, Mikhail Mikhailovich Angelovskiy, Asthik Arkadyevna Hachatryan

Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI), Nezhinskaya str., 7, Moscow, 119501, Russia

Abstract. The paper aims to consider the concept of selection and development of the marketing mix targeting municipal education consumers and area marketing management. The main goal is to develop optimal marketing mix. The paper discusses the features which are inherent in urban marketing, strategic approach to the development of areas that can provide competitive market conditions in the territory in the long term and steady growth of living standards. The paper aims to investigate the existing methods in planning the implementation of a strategic approach for regional development. Goals and objectives of the strategic development of the area is customer-oriented approach to managing. Marketing approach in the territory development helps not only to concretize the types of strategies and methods of their choice, but also ensures the implementation of all the strategically important positions. The main advantage of using a marketing approach to the strategic management of municipal education is to strengthen balance and harmonize the interests of the municipality, economic entities, investors and the local community, as well as the creation of prerequisites for partnership of all participants of market relations and non-profit distribution of public goods.

[Orehov S.A., Nikitskaya E.F., Zhidkova O.N., Kudrova N.A., Angelovskiy M.M., Hachatryan A.A. Application of marketing strategy for the municipal education development. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):611-615] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.90

Keywords: approach, principle, method, analysis, goal, concept, model, market opportunities, factors, external environment, competitiveness, target market, events, consumer demand, territorial marketing, communications, municipal education, SWOT-analysis, municipal education development strategy,  marketing, as a method of planning, marketing of infrastructure of the territories, globalism 

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Tourist resources as object of theoretical investigations. Classification of tourist resources

Natalya Nikolaevna Zubakova, Lidiya Aleksandrovna Sizeneva, Natalya Mikhailovna Karaulova

Volgograd Branch of Federal Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, “Russian State University of Tourism and Service”, Kirova st., 121, Volgograd, 400067, Russia

Abstract. This article is about investigation of theoretical idea “the tourist resources” There are stated different classifications of tourist resources, suggested in the investigation literature. This fact requires systematization of the theories and forming of authors variant of classification the tourist resources. Development, addition and correction and processing the existing theories to classification of tourist resources allowed us to suggest systematic author’s approach to their structure, leveling the differences in already existing classifications.

[Zubakova N.N., Sizeneva L.A., Karaulova N.M. Tourist resources as object of theoretical investigations. Classification of tourist resources. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):616-619] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.91

Keywords: tourism, tourist interest, tourist resources, recreation resources, objects of tourist resources, natural objects, historical objects, social and culture objects, objects for showing to the tourists, man-made objects, recreation objects, environmental objects, tourist potential, tourist product, tourist center, classification of tourist resources, systematization of tourist resources.

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Algorithms of financial stability control and internal rate of the investment project profitability

Anatoliy Yuryevich Egorov¹, Irina Anatolyevna Merkulina², Anastasia Anatolyevna Safronova², Anatoliy Vasilyevich Selskov³, Olga Nikolaevna Zhidkova², Roman Viktorovich Kaptyuhin²

¹Federal State Institution of Science, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy prospect, 32, Moscow, 117218, Russia

²Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI), Nezhinskaya str., 7, Moscow, 119501, Russia

³Institute of the World Economy and Informatization (NOU IMEI), Artyukhina str., 6, building 1, Moscow, 109390, Russia

Abstract. The paper presents algorithms of the financial stability control and its internal rate of the investment project return, which is designed to present the current control of the main parameters of the investment project in the managerial activities. An analysis of fair market value of corporation investment is offered. It was noted that the innovative project is determined, above all, by sufficient investment resources for the successful completion of the project, and the relation between the capacity of investment flows, the relevant budget innovative project. It was assumed that long-term financial stability is determined by the ability to parry the parent company of systematic deviations from the budget of the innovative project upward, arising from higher inflation, rising energy prices. This control algorithm informs about the current trends of change of the investment capital supply and demand parameters, the internal self-sufficiency capacity of corporations and the possibilities of successful completion of the innovation project.

[Egorov A.Y., Merkulina I.A., Safronova A.A., Selskov A.V., Zhidkova O.N., Kaptyuhin R.V. Algorithms of financial stability control and internal rate of the investment project profitability. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):620-625] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.92 

Keywords: adaptation, algorithm, external conditions, the bank, calculation, structure, potential, assessment, market, process, information, accounts payable, signal, receivables, liabilities, design, manufacture, corporation, enterprise, structure, control, result, resources, economic performance, debt capital, diversification, sources, innovation, investment,  factor,  financial stability, profitability, the break-even point, the risks, capitalization of the company, market value, the software product, software, management activities

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Speak Correct: Phonetic Editor Approach

Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy¹, Kamal Jambi¹, Wajdi Al-Jedaibi¹, Diaa Motaweh², Sherif Abdou³, Mohsen Rashwan⁴

¹Faculty of Computing & Information Technology; King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

²Faculty of Education, King Abdulaziz University

³ Faculty of Computers at Cairo University Egypt

⁴ Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University Egypt

hassanin@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: In this paper, phonetic editor system for learning English speaking will be introduced. Methods and the architecture of systems used to edit new lessons into proposed dictionary will be discussed taken into consideration pronunciation effects. Speak Correct system will be presented, which uses state of the art automatic speech recognition (ASR) and examines pronunciation errors by speech engine. Two levels of teaching will be implemented; consonants and vowels, which are important for speech recognition. The two levels cover detailed accent defects that describe such articulation. The core engine of the Speak Correct was trained using prerecorded 100 hours of speech and used these data to create a pronunciation-training database. The proposed editor framework is optimized to suit an embedded phonetic pronunciation database and is useful for analyzing and detecting speech errors in Arabian region.  The objectives of this paper is designing, implementing, and testing a prototype system that can add, and edit additional phonetic topics to cover pronunciation errors in teaching-based activities for adult students. In addition, the system will help teachers impart basic reading skills to assist students in comprehensive development.

[Hassanin Al-Barhamtoshy, Kamal Jambi, Wajdi Al-Jedaibi, Diaa Motaweh, Sherif Abdou, Mohsen Rashwan. Speak Correct: Phonetic Editor Approach. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):626-640] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.93

Keywords. Phonetic Editor, Speech recognition, English vowels and consonants, Arabic dialects, acoustic error.

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Transplantation of Modified and Fresh Hepatocyte Reduces Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

Mona N. Moharib¹, Olfat A. Hammam², Fatma H. Salman¹, Mohamed M. El-naggar³ and Soad A. Sherif¹

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology¹. Department of Pathology², Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt.

Department of Biochemistry³, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt.

Monamoharib@hotmail.com

Abstract: Hepatocyte transplantation (HCT_X) is a strategy that has potential as a supportive treatment regimen and in some cases, an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for a variety of liver disorders.Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) intoxification in rodents is a commonly used model of both acute and chronic liver injury; it causes hepatocyte injury that is characterized by centrilobular necrosis and steatosis. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of fresh and microencapsulated hepatocytes in reduction of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄ in hamsters administered a dose of 0.02 ml of 10% of CCl₄ dissolved in corn oil /100 gm. body weight, for 24 hrs. Four groups each has ten hamsters (GI)- normal control uninjected, (GII)-negative control injected with CCl₄ toxic dose intraperitoneally (i.p) for 24 hrs., (GIII)-injected with CCl₄ toxic dose (i.p) for 24 hours, treated with cyclosporin as immuno-suppressive drug 24 hrs. post injection, then transplanted with fresh hepatocytes intrasplenically and (G IV)-injected with CCl₄ toxic dose (i.p) for 24 hours, then transplanted with modified hepatocytes encapsulated in sodium alginate intrasplenically. Freshly isolated hepatocytes with a mean viability 92.97±1.2% were used for microencapsulation and transplantation. The mortality rate after hepatocytes transplantation in hamster groups (III and IV) was 50% but in negative control group was 90%. The biochemical parameters shows correction in liver function after transplantation of either fresh or microencapsulated hepatocytes comparing to negative control groups beside correction in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Histological study showed the presence of transplanted hepatocytes in spleen of recipient. The conclusion of the above study showed that the animal groups that transplanted with microencapsulated hepatocytes survived without any immune rejection for the same period in comparison with fresh hepatocyte transplantation treated with immunosuppressive drug (cyclosporin), beside semi similar liver function recovery.

[Mona N. Moharib, Olfat A. Hammam, Fatma H. Salman, Mohamed M. El-naggar and Soad A. Sherif. Transplantation of Modified and Fresh Hepatocyte Reduces Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):641-652]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94. doi:10.7537/marslsj110814.94

Key words: HCTx, OLT, Hepatotoxicity, Carbon tetrachloride, Microencapsulation, Liver enzymes, Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation.

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