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Residues of heavy metals, PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs some medicinal plants collected randomly from the Jeddah, central market.

Yahia Youssef Mosleh^1,2, Jelan Mofeed², Omar Abdelhakeem Almaghrabi¹ , Nief Mohamed Kadasa¹, Hassan Saeed El-Alzahrani¹ and Michael Paul Fuller³

¹Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 15758, Jeddah 21454, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Aquatic Environmental, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.

³Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

Yahia.mosleh@voila.fr

Abstract: The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs were determined in samples of eight commonly used medicinal plants, namely "caraway, cumin, anise, sage, rosemary, black tea, ginger and cinnamon" collected randomly from the Jeddah central market between the periods of July and August 2013. Fortunately the result revealed that, the collected samples are free of PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs. While, Among the determined heavy metals, the maximum concentration of Fe and Pb were recorded in rosemary (846.2 ± 18.5 and 10.8 ± 0.12 mg.kg-1 respectively), it is noticeable that, the maximum Pb concentration (10.8 ±0.12 mg.kg-1) in the medicinal plant recorded in Rosemary, followed by 1.3 ± 0.02 mg.kg-1 in black tea with a significant gab. While the maximum concentrations 0f Zn and Cr were recorded in anise (52.7 ± 1.6 and 3.1 ± 0.1 mg.kg-1 respectively). In contrast to the above, cinnamon characterized by the minimum concentration (0.89 ± 0.03, 19.5 ± 1.5, 13.1 ± 1.1 , 0.012 ± 0.001 , and <LOQ mg.kg-1 )for six of the recorded eight heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Hg and Pb respectively). The study give a good indication about the absence of PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs from the collected plants, but on the other hand it sheds light on the importance of follow-up the heavy metals concentration in these commonly used plants.

[Yahia Y. Mosleh, Jelan Mofeed, Omar Almaghrabi, Naif M.S. Kadasa, Hassan Alzahrani and Michael Paul Fuller. Residues of heavy metals, PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs some medicinal plants collected randomly from the Jeddah, central market. Life Sci J 2014;11(7) 1-8] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.01

Keyword: Heavy metals, medicinal plant, PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs.

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Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma in Renal Allograft: Case Report

Rana Ajabnoor¹, Enaam Al-sisi¹, Ghada Zafer¹ and Jaudah Al-Maghrabi^1,2

Department of Pathology¹, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pathology², King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

jalmaghrabi@hotmail.com

Abstract: There is a great increase risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in post-transplanted patients, mainly attributed to the immunosuppression. The majority of these RCC are developing in the native kidneys rather than the allograft of the renal transplant recipients, and the most common histological variant is clear cell carcinoma. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal epithelial carcinoma with distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features and associated with good prognosis. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma occurrence in allograft kidney in renal transplant recipients is extremely uncommon. One case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma has been reported in 13.5-years-old boy who is a living-related kidney transplant recipient. We reported an exceptionally rare case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in allograft kidney in 52-years-old women, 15 years post living-unrelated renal transplant along with chronic hepatitis C infection. The tumor was discovered incidentally during routine ultrasound evaluation. The tumor revealed the typical histological and immunohistochemical features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

[Rana Ajabnoor, Enaam Al-sisi, Ghada Zafer and Jaudah Al-Maghrabi. Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma in Renal Allograft: Case Report. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):9-14]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.02

Keywords: Chromophobe, Renal Cell Carcinoma, transplant, Allograft.

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Treatment of Inconsistent Linear Systems of Equations Based on the Simplex Algorithm

Hanadi Zahed¹, Yousria Abo-elnaga² and Ahlam Fallatah³

¹Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

²Permanent Job: Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological Institute, Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt.(Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia).

³Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

hanadi71@hotmail.com

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for treating an in-consistent linear algebraic system  of the formwhere the matrix  Our algorithm is based on phase I of the simplex method where we check whether the linear system is consistent or not. In case of inconsistency the algorithm will decompose it to a finite number of consistent linear systems of equations and introduce a solution of each system. An example is added to illustrate our algorithm.

[Hanadi Zahed, Yousria Abo-elnaga and Ahlam Fallatah. Treatment of Inconsistent Linear Systems of Equations Based on the Simplex Algorithm. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):15-20]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.03

Key Words: Inconsistent Linear Systems, Simplex Method, and Algebraic Linear System of Equations.

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Urban Poverty among Indians in Malaysia: A naturalistic Inquiry

Mahaganapathy Dass¹, Sarjit S. Gill², Ma’rof Redzuan³ and Nobaya Ahmad⁴

^1,2,3,4Department of Social and Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra, Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. (tel-60389467062)

¹E-mail mahaganapathydass@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents the potential significant factors of urban poverty among the minority Indian community in Malaysia through community development practice. Preliminary study was conducted at Lembah Pantai which is a well known urban squatters destination in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In-depth interview which was used as the qualitative data collection method helped the researchers to holistically understand the community status, issues which can influence urban poverty. Apart from that community development domains such as participation, empowerment and capacity building are also highlighted in the study. This study reveals that the community is still facing many problems. They also argue that the developmental programs by the government are carried out by not empowering the community. However, the community feels that their problems can be solved if the community can be free of alcoholism and gangterism. It is hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to existing literature in urban poverty ground that could be an addition to the social capital theory current standing.

[Mahaganapathy Dass, Sarjit S. Gill, Ma’rof Redzuan, Nobaya Ahmad. Urban Poverty among Indians in Malaysia: A naturalistic Inquiry. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):21-26]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.04

Keywords: Urban poverty, empowerment, Malaysian Indian community, naturalistic inquiry

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A Critical Analysis Of Siddha Tradition In The Context Of Malaysian Hindu Culture

M. Rajantheran¹, Sarjit S. Gill², Balakrishnan Muniapan³, K.Silllalee⁴ and S. Manimaran⁵

^1,5Department of Indian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

²Department of Social and Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra, Malaysia

³School of Business Administration, Wawasan Open University, Penang, Malaysia

⁴School of Business & Design, Swinburne University of Technology (Sarawak Campus), Kuching, Malaysia.

¹E-mail rajamun@um.edu.my

Abstract: This paper explores the origin and development of Siddha philosophy in the context of Malaysian Indian culture. Although the development of Siddha philosophy has been written by several scholars in the context of South India, hardly any studies are found outside India. Scant literature is available on Siddha philosophy from Malaysia; and any related literatures found are generic in nature and not in-depth. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to expand the literatures on the Malaysian Siddha philosophy which is becoming relevant in the Malaysian Indian culture focussing on Tamil Siddhas. The methodology employed for this paper is qualitative in nature and it includes inputs gathered on Siddha philosophy and Siddhars from various discussions held with many scholars at conferences, Siddha practitioners in Malaysia and a review of the existing literatures on Siddha philosophical traditions. This paper is to be considered as the first to explore the current development of Siddha philosophy among the Indians in Malaysia.

[M. Rajantheran, Sarjit S. Gill, Balakrishnan Muniapan, K.Silllalee and S. Manimaran. A Critical Analysis Of Siddha Tradition In The Context Of Malaysian Hindu Culture. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):27-32]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.05

Keywords: Siddha tradition, Malaysian Indians, culture

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Increased Fructosyltranseferase (levansucrase ) Production by Optimizing Culture Condition from Pediococcus acidilactici strain in Shaking batch Cultures

Ghada A. Youssef, Amany S.Youssef, Shimaa Talha, Samy A. El-Aassar^*

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.

aminghada66@gmail.com

Abstract: Microbial fructosyltransferases (levansucrases) are polymerases that are involved in microbial fructan (levan, inulin and fructo-oligosaccharide) biosynthesis. Levan has potential importance in food, pharmaceutical, medicine, cosmetics and textile industry. Structurally, microbial fructosyltransferase proteins share the catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolases 68 family and are grouped in seven phylogenetically related clusters. The aim of the work was screening the potency of some bacterial isolates to produce extracellular levansucrase. Bacteria were isolated from different sources (oral swab, spoiled milk, spoiled whey, and spoiled yoghurt). Pediococcus acidilactici showed the highest levansucrase activity after 2 days fermentation under shacking condition yielding (12.64 U/ml), and maximum levan production (15.4 g/L). Following the optimization of carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature and initial pH of the growth medium in submerged liquid cultures. In fact, All carbon sources induced the production of levansucrase activity, but sucrose at 30% (w/v) was the most efficient inducer. The optimal temperature and pH of the levansucrase were 30°C and 6.0, respectively. The crude levansucrase of Pediococcus acidilactici extract was enriched using selected precipitating agents. The results show that ethanol (65% saturation), provided the highest purification factor of 3- fold with a recovery yield of 41.05% as a total highest recovered protein. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of semi purified levansucrase were 40°C, 5.2 respectively. Analysis of the partial purified enzyme preparation by SDS–PAGE revealed one protein band showing levansucrase activity, The molecular weight of this band was estimated to be around 50.000 Daltons.

[Youssef GA, Youssef AS, Talha S, Aassar SA. Increased Fructosyltranseferase (levansucrase) Production by Optimizing Culture Condition from Pediococcus acidilactici strain in Shaking batchCultures. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):33-47]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.06

Keywords: Levansucrase; Pediococcus acidilactici; Sucrose; Levan; Submerged cultures.

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Peste des petits ruminants: Monitoring, diagnostic and spread on the territory of the Central Asia

Zhumagali Koshemetov¹, Abylai Sansyzbay¹, Nurlan Sandybayev¹, Yergali Abduraimov¹, Valentina Matveyeva¹, Sergazi Nurabayev¹, Marina Bogdanova¹, Gulnur Sugirbaeva¹, Assilbek Burabaev², Marlen Yessirkepov²

¹Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), the Republic of Kazakhstan

²South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

marlen-forex@inbox.ru

Abstract: The monitoring researches and laboratory confirmation of peste des petits ruminants on the territory of the Central Asia is carried out. As a result of the conducted laboratory researches of the delivered biomaterials from sick, died goats and sheep from various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan it has been demonstrated that virus of this disease is present. The map of spread of peste des petits ruminants on the territory of the Central Asia is made.

[Koshemetov  Z, Sansyzbay  A, Sandybayev  N, Abduraimov  Y, Matveyeva  V, Nurabayev  S, Bogdanova  M, Sugirbaeva  G, Burabaev  A, Yessirkepov  M. Peste des petits ruminants: Monitoring, diagnostic and spread on the territory of the Central Asia. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):48-54]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.07

Keywords: Peste des petits ruminants; мorbillivirus; RT-PCR - polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription; RNA – ribonucleic acid; cDNA - complementary DNA; TCD50/ml - designation of the infectious activity of the virus in tissue cytopathic dose

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Coefficient Of The Differential Equation Of Transverse Vibration Of The Conveyor Belt

Almukhambetov Seisekbay, Kurmanbayev Amangeldy, Shaltabayev Altay, Zhiyembayev Zhomart, Khaimoldanov Yerlan, Jetimov Myrzabay

Zhetysu State University named I. Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, 040010, Microrayon 4, house 68, apartment 31, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: make._d_61@mail.ru

Abstract: Conveyer belts with pretension are a striking example of machines containing blocks (components) with initial stress. Pretension is necessary for passing pulling power by drive pulley, and also for restricting of belt sagging between the roller carriages. The problems about vibrations of the conveyer belt under the influence of longitudinal and transverse forces have been studied. Information on determination of critical speed of belt movement and frequencies of its transverse vibration [1] has been stated; Influence on the values of the above stated parameters of geometrical and physical characteristics of the belt used in numerical methods of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of vibration of the conveyer belt has been considered. Determination of flexural stress in a conveyer belt is one of the major problems which solving is necessary for determination of reliability and durability of a conveyor belt.

[Almukhambetov S. S., Kurmanbayev A.A., Shaltabayev A.A., Zhiyembayev Z.T., Haymoldanov E.S., Jetimov M.A. Coefficient Of The Differential Equation Of Transverse Vibration Of The Conveyor Belt. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):55-60]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.08

Keywords: transverse vibrations, deformation, inertia, skeleton curve, conveyor belt, roller carriages.

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Spatial and Environmental determinants of plant diversity in Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia

Khalid A. Al Mutairi¹, Salman A. Al-Shami^1,*

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: alshami200@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of spatial and environmental factors on plant species richness in Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Aarbia. The principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) technique was used to identify the spatial variables (PCNM vectors). The PCNM produced 9 eigenvectors and only two vectors were positive and significant based on the forward selection procedures. Similar forward selection technique, based on the two stopping criteria, was also employed to determine the most important environmental variables controlling the plant species richness. Among the 13 environmental variables investigated, only 6 variables were retained after forward selection that controlling species richness in Farasan Archipelago. These selected parameters, arranged according to their importance, were altitude, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and organic matter (OM). The variation partitioning technique was employed to examine the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors to the plant species richness.  The selected environmental parameters (altitude, EC, Ca, Na, CaCO₃ and OM explained 26.3% of the total variance in species richness. However, the two selected spatial variables (PCNM vectors) explained only 4.2% of the richness variation. On the other hand, the spatially-structured environmental variables (shared fraction) explained 5.6 % of the total variance in plant species richness.  The present study revealed that the environmental variables (altitude and soil chemistry) are the most important factors regulating the species richness in Farasan Archipelago. However, the spatial variables showed to be less important in shaping the diversity patterns of plants in Farasan Archipelago.  

[Al Mutairi K., Al-Shami S. Spatial and Environmental determinants of plant diversity in Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):61-69] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.09

Keywords: Spatial patterns; Farasan Archipelago; PCNM; species richness.

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Anti-atherosclerotic Potentials of Montelukast in Chronic Ovalbumin Challenged Asthmatic Guinea Pigs Fed High Fat Diet: A Comparative Study with Fluticasone

Sally Abdallah¹, Ahmed Abdel Salam El-Melegy¹, Olfat Ahmed Hasan¹, Amany Helmy Hasanin^1*, Ghada Farouk Mohamed², Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, ²Department of Histology. Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

helmy_amany@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Recent evidence links the pathophysiology of asthma to cardiovascular diseases. A pro-atherogenic role of leukotrienes has been reported which is suggestive of a potential anti-atherosclerotic effect for leukotriene antagonists. Retrospective observations suggest that inhaled corticosteroids may reduce atherothrombotic mortality by altering systemic inflammation. Aim: the present study was designed to investigate the impact of the leukotriene antagonist montelukast on vascular dysfunctions in guinea pigs exposed to chronic ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and fed high fat diet (HFD). The potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of montelukast were compared to those of the inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone.  Method: Forty-eight male guinea pigs were divided into: control non-asthmatic-chow fed (n=6), non-asthmatic-dyslipidemic; fed HFD (n=6), asthmatic-chow fed (n=18), and asthmatic-dyslipidemic groups (n=18), the last 2 groups were further subdivided into 3 groups (n=6 each): vehicle treated, montelukast- treated (10mg/kg orally) and fluticasone- treated (100µg/2ml of 0.1%ethanol PBS by inhalation) groups. Anti-asthma and Anti-atherosclerotic effects of the tested drugs were assessed. Results: Chronic OVA challenge induced atherogenic vascular changes, compared to control and potentiated the vascular dysfunctions induced by HFD in asthmatic dyslipidemic animals. Conversely, feeding animals a HFD resulted in airway inflammation and remodeling with hyper-responsiveness. Montelukast, exhibited anti-atherosclerotic effects (significant increase in % Ach-induced relaxation and phenylephrine (PhE) EC50 with reduction of PhE E-max in isolated aortic rings) of asthmatic dyslipidemic animals. These changes were associated with reduction of aortic mast cell infiltration and intima/media ratio together with a reduction in airway remodeling and mast cell infiltration. Fluticasone induced a lesser reduction in mast cell infiltration in vascular tissue as well as in the airways with lack of anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduced effects on airway remodeling. Conclusion: The anti-atherosclerotic potentials of montelukast observed implicate leukotrienes released from mast cells as possible inflammatory mediators linking asthma, obesity and atherosclerosis. The effects of montelukast may be the result of a direct effect on the vasculature as well as an indirect effect on airway remodeling through a crosstalk (involving mast cells and leukotrienes) between the airway and vascular tissue. Targeting excess leukotrienes by leukotrienes modifiers rather than by corticosteroids in dyslipidemic asthmatics might provide better control of their airway disorder as well as a reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis.

 [Sally Abdallah, Ahmed Abdel Salam El-Melegy, Amany Helmy Hasanin, Ghada Farouk Mohamed, Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh, Olfat Ahmed Hasan. Anti-atherosclerotic Potentials of Montelukast in Chronic Ovalbumin Challenged Asthmatic Guinea Pigs Fed High Fat Diet: A Comparative Study with Fluticasone. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):70-82]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.10

Keywords: Asthma, Dyslipidemia, Guinea Pigs, Montelukast, Fluticasone, Atherosclerosis. 

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An Improved Text Extraction Technique based on Linear Transformation

Lama Rajab , Hiba Mohammad, Huda Karajeh and Tahani Al Khatib

Department of Computer Information Systems, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology

The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan

Lama.rajab@ju.edu.jo, h.khadrawi@ju.edu.jo, h.karajeh@ju.edu.jo, tahani.khatib@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Finding the textual contents in images is a challenging and promising research area in information technology. Consequently, text detection and recognition in multimedia had become one of the most important fields in computer vision due to its valuable uses in a variety of recent technical applications. In this paper, we propose an improved text detection technique which starts with employing image enhancement to remove small and thin lines from the background and to increase the contrast on the text region. The resulted enhanced image passes next into a set of morphological operations for edge extraction; later, text candidates are labeled, and Hough transform is applied for text extraction at the end of the process. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested quantatively and qualitatively under a set of scene images from KAIST dataset. The results show that the proposed technique is robust in detecting the text from scene images with high average of Precision, Recall, and F-Score which are 88.1%, 96%, and 91.5%, respectively.

[Lama Rajab, Hiba Mohammad, Huda Karajeh and Tahani Al Khatib. An Improved Text Extraction Technique based on Linear Transformation. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):83-88]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.11

Key Words: Text Detection, Morphological Operations, Text Regions Labeling, Hough Transform.

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About optimization of regional investment resources

Jurij Dmitriev ¹, Natalia Filimonova ¹, Denis Fraymovich ¹

1.        Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nicholay Stoletovs, Vladimir, 600000, Russia

natal_f@mail.ru, fdu78@rambler.ru

Abstract: Changing dynamics of the Russian economy, use of reproductive mechanisms to accelerate the transition to sixth technological order and ensuring of the modernization course in general sense are impossible without complex implementation of optimal investment and resource transformations at the level of the Federation members. Meanwhile one of the most important aspects of these transformations in national and regional perspectives is a structural one that implies the reasonable definition of promising types of economic activity for the purpose of the efficient dispersal of financial investments.

[Dmitriev J, Filimonova N, Fraymovich D. About Optimization of Regional Investment Resources. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):89-95]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.12

Key words: investment processes; optimization; development indices; regional development

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Influence of Human Insulin and Insulin Analogues on the Expression of Insig-2 mRNA in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Ren Jian¹ , Su Jie² , Tian Chenguang³

¹ Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 450006

² Department of Endocrinology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China, 471000

³ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 450014, Email:tcg90123@163.com, Tel: 86-371-63921651

Abstract Objective: To observe the different influence on the expression of Insig-2 mRNA under the condition of human insulin and insulin analogues in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Methods: First, experiment in vitro, to culture 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the solution, which contains human insulin or insulin analogues. The expression of insig-2 mRNA in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes was examined by RT-PCR. Second, experiment in vivo, to inject insulin analogues, including insulin glargine and detemir, into the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar Rats. One month later, all rats were dissected to examine the expression of insig-2 mRNA in adipocytes. Results: The expression of insig-2 mRNA in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes intervened by insulin detemir was lower than human insulin and other analogy (P＜0.05). Also, the decrease in phenomenon would be detected in the in vivo experiment (P＜0.05). However, there were no significant difference both lipid and glucose homeostasis in wistar rats. CONCLUSION: The expression of insig-2 mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes could be decreased by insulin detemir.

[Ren Jian, Su Jie, Tian Chenguang. Influence of Human Insulin and Insulin Analogues on the Expression of Insig-2 mRNA in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):96-101]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.13

Key Words:3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocyte; Ditemir; Insig-2 gene

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Socio-economic aspects of migratory behavior population  and labor migration

Beysenova Madina¹, Moldogaziyeva Gulnara¹, Onlasynov Erlan², Isahmetova Ainash², Turakulova Labar²

¹ M. Auezov South- Kazakhstan State University

² M. Saparbaev South- Kazakhstan Humanitarian Institute

e-mail: beibita@mail.ru

Abstract: Migratory processes became more active in connection with a difficult economic situation in the country, with acquisition of independence by Kazakhstan, and also with transition to the market relations in all territory of the CIS. This is expanded possibilities of return on the historical homeland by separate ethnic groups. Aggravation of migratory outflow during the period about 1991-1995 defined need for identification of qualitative structure for the migrating population. There is very topical inflow of repatriates (oralmans) along with these problems). In such cases the migration service experiences difficulties connected with mood of repatriates. More of them refuse to stand on the account at the employment service for retrainings and obtaining of nationality,  participation in public works, creation of normal vital conditions, provision of housing and their employment. Repatriates have heavy adaptation which aggravate a labor market even more deeply. It is demands integrated approach to the migration analysis in deal with a feature of development of migratory processes in the republic. Article are presented results of the statistical review and sociological research of the socio-economic factors causing migratory behavior of repatriates (oralmans). Also the portrait of the potential migrant is revealed and extent of influence of labor migration on a labor market is defined.

[Beysenova Madina, Moldogaziyeva Gulnara, Onlasynov Erlan, Isahmetova Ainash, Turakulova Labar. Socio-economic aspects of migratory behavior population and labor migration. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):102-110]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.14

Key words: labor market, labor redundancy,  migration, repatriates

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Geochemical assessment of groundwater composition and evaluating its suitability of Saidpur Upazilla in Bangladesh

M. J. Islam¹, M. A. Hakim^1,2*, M. M. Hanafi², Abdul Shukor Juraimi³, Indira Chowdhury¹, A.K.M.M. Hossain⁴, Ratna Rani Sarkar¹, M. Atikul Islam¹ and M. A. Halim⁵

¹Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

²Department of Land Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Crop Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Soil Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

⁵Department of Soil Science, Soil Resources Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

* ahakimupm@gmail.com

Abstract: The chemical analysis of 44 groundwater samples in the northern Bangladesh has been evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and major ions, heavy and rare metal concentration for its suitability for agricultural and domestic purposes. The quality analysis is performed through the estimation of pH, EC, cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺ and As³⁺), anions (CO₃^2-, HCO₃^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3- and Cl^-) and TDS (total dissolved solids). We also computed several variables such as SAR (sodium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage) RSC (residual sodium carbonate), potential salinity, permeability index, Kelly's ratio, Gibbs ratio and hardness to evaluate the suitability of groundwater supply for specific uses. From the geochemical results, it has been found that both the cations and anions varied in the groundwater. Among the chemical budget of ions, magnesium and chloride were found to be the most predominant ions. The intense agricultural activities may be an important factor for the higher concentration of nitrates in these aquifers. Based on the total hardness, most groundwaters are moderately hard. According to EC and SAR the most dominant class is C1-S1. The major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. The salinity hazard is low thus, there is less chances to increase of toxic salt concentrations. Gibbs diagram indicates that all the samples fall in the precipitation dominance field. Regarding cation and anion constituents, groundwater is suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes except of few wells.

[M. J. Islam, M. A. Hakim, M. M. Hanafi, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Indira Chowdhury, A.K.M.M. Hossain, Ratna Rani Sarkar, M. Atikul Islam and M. A. Halim. Geochemical assessment of groundwater composition and evaluating its suitability of Saidpur Upazilla in Bangladesh. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):111-126]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.15

Key words: Hydro geochemistry, groundwater quality, northern Bangladesh.

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Genetic Diversity of the Thalictrum coreanum LĔV, an Endangered Plant Species in South Korea, and of the Congener Thalictrum ichangense LECOYER: Implications for Conservation

Myung-Hun Yeon ^{1, 2, *, #} , Sang-Hoon Lee ^{1,  #}, Hee Myung Chae ¹, Sang Sub Cha ¹, Jin-Ho Shin³, Jae Kuk Shim ¹

^1. Dept. of Life Science, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul (156-756), Korea

^2. Dept. of Ecological Database Management, National institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Korea

^3. Lab. of Natural Heritage, National Research institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon, Korea

# These authors contributed equally to this work

yeonmh@nie.re.kr

Abstract: Thalictrum coreanum (Ranunculaceae), an endangered herb in South Korea, and widespread T. ichangense are congeneric species with similar morphologies and life forms. Currently, there is a debate about the identification and distribution of these two species. We carried out a comparative analysis of the genetic variability of these two species using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genetic diversity at species level was high, but lower at the population level. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) appeared to moderate genetic differentiation among the species. In the total variance of T. coreanum, 54.53% was attributable to among populations and 45.66% to within populations. On the other hand, 35.24% of the total variance was due to among populations, while 64.76% was due to the within populations of T. ichangense. Our results for T. coreanum and T. ichangense showed a high commonality at the genetic level. T. coreanum appeared to have a genetic diversity at a similar level to T. ichangense. In the AMOVA and Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), however, T. coreanum cleary distinguished with T. ichangense. To secure and preserve an endangered species, systematizing species information should be prioritized, according to the accurate criteria. Therefore, the use of a molecular marker such as RAPD could provide hints, diminishing the uncertainty of the distribution area and the identification of these two congeneric species.

[Yeon MH, Lee SH, Chae HM, Cha SS, Shin JH, Shim JK. Taxonomic Genetic Diversity of the Thalictrum coreanum LĔV, an Endangered Plant Species in South Korea, and of the Congener Thalictrum ichangense LECOYER: Implications for Conservation. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):127-136]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.16

Keywords: Thalictrum coreanum, T. ichangense, RAPD, genetic diversity, conservation

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Fast Pyrolysis Of Pakistani Cotton Stalks In Fluidized Bed Reactor: Design And Preliminary Results

Najaf Ali¹, Mahmood Saleem², Khurram Shahzad^3*, Arshad Chughtai⁴, Waqar Ali Khan⁵

¹NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan, Pakistan

²Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

³Centre for Coal Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

⁴ School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, NUST Islamabad, Pakistan

⁵NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Faisalabad, Pakistan

E-mail: khurram.cct@pu.edu.pk

Abstract: Agricultural residues can be converted in the biofuels to fulfil the world energy demands and achieve the targets set by different countries to replace fossil fuels with renewable resources. Fast pyrolysis of cotton stalk, obtained from agriculture fields of Punjab, Pakistan, is being investigated. A Lab Scale bubbling fluidized bed fast pyrolysis system is designed and fabricated. The operating parameters of the fluidized bed reactor are selected on the basis of the study of hydrodynamics of cold model and TGA analysis. Experiments are conducted over a range of operating conditions. Yield of char and gases are measured. The products are analyzed on FTIR and GC-MS to investigate the functional groups and compounds present in the pyrolysis liquid derived from the cotton stalks. GC-MS analysis of pyrolysis liquid has shown number of peaks with the compounds identified as acetone, benzene, 3-methyl pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 3,5- dimethyloctane, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acid, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate whereas GC analysis of exhaust gas has shown three peaks containing gases H₂, CO₂ and n-butane_. Effect of temperature is investigated on the yield of char and the no. of compounds present in the pyrolysis of liquid along with their functional groups.

[Ali N, Saleem M, Shahzad K, Chugtai A, Khan WA. Fast Pyrolysis Of Pakistani Cotton Stalks In Fluidized Bed Reactor: Design And Preliminary Results. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):137-144]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.17

Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, bubbling fluidized bed reactor, Cotton stalk, GC-MS analysis

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Cephalometric Characteristics of Growing Children with Class I, II and III Malocclusions

Fahad F Alsulaimani

Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. P. O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21549

falsulaimani@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate cephalometric characteristics of Saudi growing children with Class II and III malocclusions. Methods: The sample consisted of 135 Saudis (63 boys and 72 girls with a mean age of 12.4 years). The sample was selected from patients who were seeking orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The control group consisted of cephalometric records of 55 patients with normal occlusion (23 boys and 32 girls, mean age = 12.3). Comparisons of linear and angular measurements were performed using lateral cephalograms. Results: ANOVA for the total sample showed that there were no significant differences in the skeletal measurements between Class I, II and III malocclusions except in SNA, ANB, Wits, angle of convexity, maxillary length and total face height, p<0.001. For boys, ANOVA showed similar results except that the total face height was not different and the maxillary/mandibular ration was significantly different, p <=0.002. For girls, ANOVA was only significant in SNA, ANB, Wits and angle of convexity, p <0.001. There were significant differences between Class I, II and III in all dental readings except for the interincisal angle and SN to upper incisor angle. For boys’ analysis, ANOVA showed that only upper incisor position and inclination and lower incisor inclination were significantly different. Dental measurements for the girls were significantly different amongst the three classes except for the interincisal angle, upper incisor to SN and NA angles. Soft Tissue Analysis showed that a significantly different readings between the three classes of malocclusions.  However, in the boys reading the lower lip to E-plane was similar between the classes.  For girls, only the reading for the soft tissue convexity was significantly different. Conclusion: maxillary deficiency and protrusion is the cause of Class II and III, respectively due to the differences in length of the maxilla. Maxillary incisors are proclined and protruded while the mandibular incisors are retroclined and retruded in Class III. Cephalometric characteristics differ between genders for all three classes of malocclusion.

[Fahad F Alsulaimani. Cephalometric Characteristics of Growing Children with Class I, II and III Malocclusions. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):145-151]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.18

Keywords: Cephalometry, Characteristics, Angle Class I, Angle Class II, Angle Class III

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Developmental instability in Odonata larvae in relation to water quality of Serdang River, Kedah, Malaysia

Salman A. Al-Shami^1,2*, Siti Nurhanani Hishamuddin¹, Che Salmah Md Rawi¹, Nur Huda Abdul^1, Abu Hassan Ahmad¹

¹School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia

²Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 1458, Tabuk 7134, Saudi Arabia.

Email: alshami200@gmail.com

Abstract: We examined the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in larvae of two Odonata genera; Pseudagrion sp. (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) and Onychothemis sp. (Anisoptera: Libelulidae) living in a relatively polluted river as a tool for water quality assessment. Larval and water samples were collected monthly from January to June 2008. Various water parameters including pH, temperature, velocity, nitrate, phosphate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and ammonium-N content were recorded. Composite effect of selected water parameters expressed as Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated. FA indices [(FA), absolute asymmetry (AbsFA), composite fluctuating asymmetry (CFA)] of the first and second antennal segments of Onychothemis sp. and and last tarsal segment of Pseudagrion sp. hind legs were calculated. We found that high FA levels in the selected traits for the two Odonata species were associated with deterioration in the water quality (WQI). BOD and pH were positively correlated with high FA indices in the antennal segments of Onychothemis sp. The FA levels calculated as FA indices of last tarsal segment of Pseudagrion sp. hind legs were positively correlated with ammonium-N, phosphate, and COD. We concluded that selected traits of the odonate taxa are useful bioindicators as the incidence of fluctuating asymmetry in their larvae was strongly associated with deterioration in the water quality of the river.

[Al-Shami S., Siti Nurhanani H., Che Salmah M. R., Salman A., Nur Huda A., Abu Hassan A. Developmental instability in Odonata larvae in relation to water quality of Serdang River, Kedah, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):152-159]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.19

Keywords: Odonata; Malaysia; fluctuating asymmetry; water quality.

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Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. var. aegyptiaca seed composition and variability among three different intra-specific sources

Elfeel AA and Sherif Z. Hindi

Dept. of Arid land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. aidris@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate intra-specific variability among three geographical sources in fruit morphology and seed chemical composition. Morphological traits of various fruit layers (epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and kernel) were measured. Seed kernel was analyzed for oil, saponin, protein, macro (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and micro (Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cu) nutrients. Endocarp wood was characterized for (specific gravity, gross heat of combustion, ash content and biocarbon yield). Biocarbon volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents were determined. The seed kernel contained high oil, saponin and minerals that were significantly differed among sources. The protein was not significantly different among sources Endocarp revealed good properties and relatively high biocarbon yield. There was observed relationship between sources with morphological and chemical properties. Damazin source (dark cracking clay) showed higher saponin, woody portion and biocarbon yield, while Hada Alsham source (lighter soil) had higher pulp content. The high contents in most of seed kernel constituent's highlights the suitability of Balanites for very wide range of products and the remaining woody part can be used for potential biocarbon products. Whereas the high variability observed among sources, indicates the importance of considering suitable sources for domestication.

[Elfeel AA and Hindi SZ. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. var. aegyptiaca seed composition and variability among three different intra-specific sources. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):160-166]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.20

Keywords: intra-specific source; fruit morphology; chemical contents; Variability; domestication; biocarbon.

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Hemodynamic and cardiac functions in rats exposed to lead toxicity, the possible effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Ramadan A. Saad, Mohamed H. El_Sayed

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

eslam.anas@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Lead is one of the environmental pollutants of high risk to public health. In this study we tried to find if there is a relationship between blood lead level and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. In addition, this study tried to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid [vitamin C (VC)] on cardiovascular parameters in the lead-exposed rats. Methods: Twenty four Wister male rats (initially weighing 150 to 170 gm) were divided into three groups; Group I (Control rats) was given distilled water every day. Group II (lead-exposed rats) received orally lead acetate solution (60mg/kg body weight), once daily. Group III (lead-exposed + VC-treated rats) received lead acetate 60 mg /kg, once daily and concurrently supplemented with Vitamin C, 40mg/kg, every other day. Water, lead and vitamin C were all administered by using intra-gastric intubation for 8 weeks. All rats were subjected to an in vivo measurement of arterial blood pressure, ECG recording, blood samples collection for determination of lead content in the blood, blood picture, plasma total cholesterol, and HDL, in addition, atherogenic index was calculated. In vitro study of isolated hearts to record the intrinsic activity of the heart under baseline condition, responses of the heart to ischemia and reperfusion and determination of cardiac weights. Also glutathione peroxidase activity, and malondialdehyde level were measured in the cardiac tissue. Results: Lead exposure increased the concentration of lead in the blood from the pre-exposure level of 2.07 ±0.52μg/dl to 25.24 ±1.86 μg/dl after 8 weeks of exposure in lead-exposed rats. In addition, plasma total cholesterol was significantly increased together with reduction in plasma HDL, both values nearly reversed with the administration of vitamin C. Also decreased level of the MDA and increasing glutathione peroxidase activity in cardiac tissue were observed in lead exposed group. RBCs count, hemoglobin content, Haematocrite value, mean corpuscle volume (MCV), mean corpuscle hemoglobin (MCH), of lead exposed animals were significantly decreased, as compared to control rats. Vitamin C attenuated these hematological changes. ECG showed shortened the QT interval with significant increase in QRS voltage in lead exposed rats. Significant elevation of arterial blood pressure was observed in lead exposed rats as compared to control rats, As regards isolated heart perfusion, baseline chronotropy and inotropy were increased, but myocardial flow rate decreased in lead exposed rats. Vitamin C administration diminished the cardiac toxicity of lead as it normalized the mean arterial pressure, QT interval, as well as, HR regarding the baseline values and after 30 minutes of ischemia reperfusion. Conclusion: chronic Lead exposure has toxic effects which disturb the heart function, while natural antioxidant (Vitamin C) may be preferable in reducing Lead toxicity in the exposed rats, suggesting that lead chelating agents having antioxidant properties are preferred in treating cardiovascular disorders accompanying lead toxicity.

 [Ramadan A. Saad, Mohamed H. El_Sayed. Hemodynamic and cardiac functions in rats exposed to lead toxicity, the possible effect of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Life Sci J 2014;11(7):167-179]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.21

Keywords: Lead acetate, vitamin C, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

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Post-Soviet practice of preserving ethnocultural identity of indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia in Krasnoyarsk Region of the Russian Federation

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: The article presents the results of many years’ field research of small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia, resident in the territory of Krasnoyarsk Region (the Russian Federation). At the present time small-numbered indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Region (the Evenks, Enets, Chulyms, Nganasans, Nenets, Selkups, Kets, Dolgans) are exposed to serious influence of modernization and global transformations. Ethnogeny and culture genesis processes are not the same for these ethnocultural groups. Some post-Soviet cultural practices support formation of a positive ethnocultural identity of indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia. Museumization of the Nganasan culture (an indigenous Siberian people resident only in Krasnoyarsk region) confirms the conclusion that Taymyr Neo-Shamanism is significantly different from the Shamanism of archaic and traditional cultures. Museumization of the Nganasan cultural heritage points out that the culture experiences a strong impact of modern market mechanisms. True Shamanism is no longer typical of the ethnocultural identity of the Nganasans.

[Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. Post-Soviet practice of preserving ethnocultural identity of indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia in Krasnoyarsk Region of the Russian Federation. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):180-185]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.22

Keywords: Iindigenous peoples, North Asia, Siberia, Nganasans, ethnic identity and cultural identification

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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Kindling, Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress

Basel A. Abdel-Wahab¹, Samy M. Abd El-Aziz ², and Jobran M. Al-Qahtani³

¹Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

²Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.

³Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.

jobrancv@yahoo.com samoalsafty@gmail.com, basel_post@msn.com

Abstract: Epilepsy as well as chronic use of most antiepileptic drugs, particularly in children, predisposes to cognitive impairment. The brain is considered abnormally sensitive to oxidative stress and damage which observed during seizure activity. Omega-3 (OM3) fatty acids are known antioxidants that play a role in nervous system activity, cognitive development, memory-related learning, and synaptic transmission. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of OM3 on cognitive impairment after development of seizures and corresponding oxidative stress and neuronal DNA damage in young pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled rats. Methods: The effect of pretreatment with OM3 (200, 300 and 500 mg/kg, orally) on PTZ-induced kindling, corresponding cognitive impairment, using passive avoidance test, hippocampal oxidative stress. Furthermore, the corresponding changes in hippocampal 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. Results: PTZ, (30 mg/kg, i.p.) once every alternate day induced kindling in rats after 31.0±1.4 days. OM3 showed dose-dependent anti-seizure effect. OM3 significantly increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks. PTZ kindling induced a significant oxidative stress and cognitive impairment which was reversed by pretreatment with OM3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hippocampal 8-OHdG levels were significantly reduced by OM3 in PTZ kindled rats. Conclusions: OM3 ameliorates seizures, cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and hippocampal DNA damage in PTZ kindled rats. These results thus suggest the potential of OM3 as an adjuvant in epilepsy both to prevent seizures as well as to protect against seizure induced memory impairment.

[Basel A. Abdel-Wahab, Samy M. Abd El-Aziz, and Jobran M. Al-Qahtani. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Kindling, Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):186-196]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.23

Key Words: Omega-3, Pentylenetetrazole, Kindling, Memory,Oxidative stress, DNA damage.

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Homotopy Perturbation Method For Heat Transfer Of Peristaltic Flow Of Viscoelastic Fluid In Eccentric Cylinder With Varaible Effects

Tagreed Alarabi¹, Assma F. Elsayed² and O Anwar Bég^{3^}

¹Math. Dept., Faculty of applied science, Tibah University, Almadinah Al Monwara, Saudi Arabia

²Math Dept. Faculty of Education, Ain shams, University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt. assma_elsayed@yahoo.com

³Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK

gortoab@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) has been used to solve the normalized system of non-linear partial differential equations describing the momentum, energy and mass transfer, under appropriate boundary conditions of peristaltic viscoelastic Jeffery fluid flow with complaint wall. The influence of Prandtl number, Eckert number, radius, time, on variable viscosity, velocity, temperature and axial pressure gradient distributions are studied graphically.

[Tagreed Alarabi, and Assma F. Elsayed and O Anwar Bég. Homotopy Perturbation Method For Heat Transfer Of Peristaltic Flow Of Viscoelastic Fluid In Eccentric Cylinder With Varaible Effects. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):197-206]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.24

Key words: Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), eccentric cylinder, Peristaltic flow, Jefferys fluid, variable viscosity.

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Medical Profession Strain and Cardiovascular Disorders: A Longitudinal Study on a Cohort of Egyptian Physicians

Tahany M. Refaat¹, Ashraf A. Ewis¹, Hosam M. Gamal¹, Ahmed E. Arafa², Samar S. Ahmed³ and Mostafa N. El-Sanadeeky⁴

¹Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.

²Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef,Egypt.

³Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt.

⁴Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.

ppicp.2013@gmail.com

Abstract: In spite of being economically and socially rewarding, medical professions are medically and socially debilitating. Therefore; this study aimed to evaluate the impact of medical profession strain on cardiovascular diseases risk factors in an Egyptian cohort of medical graduates in ten years period. A total of 92 medical graduates were subjected to interview questionnaire and medical examination and investigations of CVDs risk factors in 2001 as a baseline and ten years later in the evaluation phase. By the end of the evaluation phase of the study the results showed that the mean values of body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol and stress hormones e.g., cortisol, adrenaline and nor-adrenaline were significantly increased in 2011 than the baseline values in 2001. There were significant moderate correlations between the values of 2001 and 2011. We concluded through that medical profession strain has a significant impact on increasing the CVDs risk factors, as all of blood pressure, blood glucose levels, cholesterol, weight and stress hormones showed significantly evident increase in the studied cohort in 2011 than 2001. Re-evaluation after 5 years will be confirming of the current results. We recommend stress-coping procedures to mitigate the adverse effects of medical profession strain while keeping observation of the CVD risk factors by regular medical check-ups.

[Tahany M. Refaat, Ashraf A. Ewis, Hosam M. Gamal, Ahmed E. Arafa, Samar S. Ahmed and Mostafa N. El-Sanadeeky. Medical Profession Strain and Cardiovascular Disorders: A Longitudinal Study on a Cohort of Egyptian Physicians. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):207-214]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.25

Key Words: Medical profession, Job strain, CVDs Risk Factors, Stress hormones, Egypt.

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Human coronavirus NL63 in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Samia F El- Sahn¹, Mona Z Zaghloul², Zeinab A Galal², May El-Attar³, and Ahmed Nafea³

¹Pediatric, ² Clinical Pathology and ³ Chest Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

monazaki_810@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background and aim: Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a recently discovered human corona virus that causes respiratory illness in children. In this study, we looked for HCoV-NL63 in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and determined coinfections between HCoV-NL63 and other respiratory viruses. Subjects and methods: Nasal secretions collected from 160 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection and 80 controls were subjected to reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for detection of HCoV-NL63 virus and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for detection of seven respiratory viruses (RSV, influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, and adenovirus). Results: We detected HCoV-NL63 RT-PCR in 24 out of 160 (15%) nasal secretion specimens collected from children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. All children with HCoV-NL63 infection were aged from 12- 32 months. Direct immunofluorescence assay detected RSV, influenza A, influenza B, and adenovirus in 42(26.3%), 23 (14.4%), 15 (9.4%) and 4(2.5%) respectively in the nasal secretion specimens of the patients. RSV was detected positive in 10 (43.4%) children with HCoV-NL63 infection, influenza A was detected positive in 4 (17.4%) patients with HCoV-NL63 infection, 4 (17.4%) patients with RSV infection and 3 (13%) patients with influenza B infection. While RSV was detected positive in 2 (8.7%) adenovirus infection. Conclusion: HCoV-NL63 is frequently detected human pathogen, often associated with other respiratory viruses and acute respiratory tract infections in children. Rapid DIF screening reagent for detection of multiple respiratory viruses within 1 to 2 hours is of great benefit in terms of patient management and infection control.

[Samia F El- Sahn, Mona Z Zaghloul, Zeinab A Galal², May El-Attar, and Ahmed Nafea. Human coronavirus NL63 in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Life Sci J 2014;11(7):215-219]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.26

Keywords: Acute upper respiratory tract infections - HCoV-NL63- Respiratory virus - Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

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Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of acute kidney injury in intensive care units in Egyptian patients

Ashraf Talaat, Elmetwally Elshahawy, Amr M. El Hammady, Mohamed El-Assal, Samir Abdullah

Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology and Renal Dialysis Unit Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, Egypt.

mohamedelassal2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Patients admitted to ICU unit are confronted to various organic, nervous, and metabolic changes that may affect the prognosis and outcome in them. The recognition of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) by measuring serum creatinine level often occurs hours to days after the initial insult, hence the need for specific marker(s) that can detect renal injury in earlier stages for institution of appropriate therapeutic measures to reverse or prevent worsening of functional or structural kidney abnormalities. Aim of study: To determine the incidence, the etiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute kidney injury in patients admitted to various intensive care units at Banha University Hospitals, and to evaluate different therapeutic modalities given to those patients for management of acute kidney injury. Methods: All patients who were admittedto intensive care units (ICUs) at Banha University Hospitals were prospectively studied. Patients who developed ICU-acquired acute renal failure were collected in the period between the first of November 2007and 31^th March 2010. Results: In Our study 749 patients (21.2%) were met AKIN criteria, 26.3% classified as stage 1, 20.2% classified as stage 2, 53.5% classified as stage 3. There was an increase inhospital mortality with increasing AKIN class with patients who werestage 1having mortality rate of 30.5%, patients who were stage 2 having mortality rate of 50.3%, patients who were stage 3 having mortality rate of 52 %. In Our study 742 patients (21%) were met RIFLE criteria, 24% classified as Risk[R], 28.2% classified as Injury[I], 47.8% classified as Failure[F].There was an increase in hospital mortality with increasing RIFLE class with patients who were class R having mortality rate of 30.9%, patients who were class I having mortality rate of 49.3%, patients who were class F having mortality rate of 62 %. In Our study when comparing corresponding degrees of AKI according to AKIN and RIFLE (stage 1 versus ‘risk’; stage 2versus ‘injury’; stage 3 versus ‘failure’) no statistical difference in mortality. Conclusions: RIFLE criteria represent a simple tool for the detection and classification of AKI and for correlation with clinical outcomes. The AKIN criteria do not materially improve the sensitivity, robustness and predictive ability of the definition and classification of AKI.

[Ashraf Talaat, Elmetwally Elshahawy, Amr M. ElHammady, Mohamed El-Assal, Samir Abdullah. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of acute kidney injury in intensive care units in Egyptian patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):220-224]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.27

Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, ICU, Egyptian patients.

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An Ecological Evaluation Approach For Dam Project Development In Malaysia

Latifah, A.M. and  Les Met

Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

latifah@env.upm.edu.my, lesmet@ymail.com

Abstract: Dams are built to provide water for irrigated agriculture, domestic or industrial use, to generate hydropower or help control floods. Decisions to build dams are made, as human knowledge and experiences expand and new technologies develop, parallel with the fact that the decision-making process is also increasingly becoming more open, inclusive and transparent. Despite the benefits provided by the dams to humankind, much environmental damage has occurred as a consequence of these projects. In particular, dam projects often lead to considerable changes in the natural ecosystem. As the changes are related to the fundamental ecological issues, ecological input should be mandatory and play a major role in all dam project decisions. This paper looks into various studies on the application of ecological evaluation methods in regards to the EIA for the land-use development projects, particularly the dam projects. It details the limitation and challenges faced by the ecological evaluation. Alternative approaches are considered and elucidated as the way forward to enhance the ecological evaluation framework. Towards this end, an ecological evaluation method for the EIA of dams based on ecosystem rarity is proposed. This method allows the loss and fragmentation of the ecosystem of the alternative dam site to be determined in an objective and replicable way.

[Latifah, A.M. and  Les Met. An Ecological Evaluation Approach For Dam Project Development In Malaysia.. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):225-237]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.28

Keywords: Ecological evaluation; Environmental Impact Assessment; Dam  project; Malaysia

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Failure Reasons of PPP Infrastructure Projects: Case Study of Kuala Lumpur LRT Project

Ismail Abdul Rahman, Aftab Hameed Memon, Nora Sheda Mohd Zulkiffli

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia

aftabm78@hotmail.com, aftabm78@gmail.com

Abstract: PPP is an alternative procumbent method being adopted public infrastructure development worldwide. In PPP method, public sector invites private agencies to bring their capital and technical assets for executing public projects. PPP is being popularized worldwide for its potential benefits. However, a number of projects with PPP process are failed in achieving the target in many countries. In Malaysia also, nowadays, Public-private partnership (PPP) has been widely used in large scale infrastructure projects. PPP is considered as derivative of privatization concept initiated since in Malaysian context. The success and failure of PPP project depend on the performance of both public and private sector. Thus, in order to achieve successful projects, it is very imperative that the role and performance of the two sectors be clearly identified and studies. Further, for achieving successful PPP projects, it is also very essential to learn the lesson from the past fail projects. Hence, this paper is a case study of LRT project of Malaysia to understand the reason of failure. Study highlighted that Kuala Lumpur LRT project was failed during the operation phase. Key reason of the failure was the financial crisis of 1997 where inflation rate increased from 8% to over 40%. This financial crisis resulted to the less profit rate, and the concessionaires were not able to repay the loan to the banks which they had taken for LRT construction works. Finally, through undergoing a legal process in 2002, Syarikat Prasana Negara Berhad took over PUTRA-LRT and STAR-LRT on the behalf of the government of Malaysia.

[Rahman IA, Memon AH, Zulkiffli NSM. Failure Reasons of PPP Infrastructure Projects: Case Study of Kuala Lumpur LRT Project. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):238-246]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.29

Keywords: Public Private Partnership; Infrastructure Projects; Malaysia; LRT; Failure in PPP

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Assessing the Occurrence and Significance of VO Factors in affecting Quality of Construction Projects

Aftab Hameed Memon¹, Ismail Abdul Rahman¹, Abdul Hameed Memon²

¹Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia

²Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan

aftabm78@gmail.com, aftabm78@hotmail.com

Abstract: Construction projects are often facing a severe problem of variations. The variations of caused by numerous factors. These variations have significant effect of the project performance especially the quality of the works. This paper has investigated the probability of occurrence of various factors of variations and the relative responsible party causing this occurrence of factors. Also, level of significance for each factor in affecting the quality of the projects is assessed. Data collection for this study involved survey using questionnaire with client, consultant and contractors. Statistical analysis of all 101 completed questionnaire received against 200 distributed forms was carried out with SPSS software package and average index method. Finding of the study highlighted that the top 5 factors which are most commonly occurred in construction projects are unavailability of equipments, poor workmanship, design complexity, change of schedule and impediment to prompt decision making process are the. Consultants are found the responsible for most of the projects i.e. 12 factors out of 18 investigated factors. Poor workmanship, changes in specification, financial difficulties, inadequate working drawing details and change in design are rated as the top 5 significant factors in affecting quality of the projects. It is recommended that changes in specification and design be minimized; effective financial management be adopted to reduce variations and improve the quality of the projects.

[Memon AH, Rahman IA, Memon AH. Assessing the Occurrence and Significance of VO Factors in affecting Quality of Construction Projects. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):247-253]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.30

Keywords: Variation order, factors of variations, Quality performance

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On The Hydraulic Design of Dam’ Outlets in Arid Zones

Amro M.M. Elfeki, Ahmed S. Kamis, Nassir S. Al-Amri, and Jarbou A. Bahrawi

Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Metereology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

Email: aelfeki@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: One of the vital components in dam design is the dam outlet structure (the principle spillway). The current practice in the design of dams in arid zones is mainly based on design manuals developed by the US corps of engineers which apply to rivers and channels that have a continuous flow. These methods do not suit the conditions of arid zones where there is an intermittent flow due to intermittent rainfall events. A methodology has been developed in this paper for the design of dam outlets in arid zones. The methodology considers common features of the arid environment such as intermittent rainfall events, temporal variability of flow in the dam reservoir, and the shape of dam reservoir. A spreadsheet model has been developed to program the governing equations and implement the methodology. The theoretical back ground of the methodology is presented and applied on a proposed dam case study in Saudi Arabia. The corresponding performance curves of the dam outlet have been established.

[Elfeki, Amro M. M., Kamis, Ahmed S., Al-Amri, N. S. and Bahrawi, J. A. On the Hydraulic Design of small Dam Outlets in Arid Zones. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):254-260]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.31

Keywords: Design spreadsheet, dam hydraulics, Saudi Arabia, performance curves, area-elevation relationship.

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A Comparative Study between the Academic Information System of King Abdulaziz University and other

Saudi Arabia Universities

¹Bader A. alyoubi & ²Mohammad J. Arif

¹Lecturer, Department of Management Information Systems College of Business ²Professor. Department of Information Science, College of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

balyoubi@hotmail.com, drmoo_99@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the current times, Information Systems (IS) are becoming major part and parcel of every growing institution. As a result of the highly number of users and ever growing volumes of data, there is an ever growing need to incorporate reliable systems to provide the required services by the institution in terms of data acquisition warehousing and security. In King Abdulaziz university (KAU), the Academic Information System (AIS) plays an important role as it foster a data management environment that is robust and can be expanded according to an organizations' strategic plan for information processing. So, the AIS are seen to be a powerful tool in the present scenario of online academic services. These services are provided by many leading universities all over the globe and feature many utilities and approaches. This article will critically analyse various AIS in the leading institutions of Saudi Arabia with reference to KAU AIS. Also, this article search for investigating the justification for AIS benefits. The case study strategy was used because it is more practical for business and management research; where.it engages in the empirical investigation of a specific phenomenon in a real-life environment, in addition to multi-source methods of data collection. This strategy helps achieve a greater understanding of the research context and process and answers ‘why’, ‘what’, and ‘how’ questions due to its capability of using multiple methods, including interviews, documents, and observation, to collect data. Finally, it was concluded that the existing AIS supports the real-time multi-processing environment within KAU through using the concept of time-sharing application where Time-sharing application allows for the prioritizing of applications based on user-id and system priority assigned to an application, device, and database or system catalog. These features are important to the university because it process transactions while developing and testing program applications. In a multi-processing environment, various faculties, departments or deanships can have access to the system at the same time intervals.

[Bader A. alyoubi and Mohammad J. Arif. A Comparative Study between the Academic Information System of King Abdulaziz University and other Saudi Arabia Universities. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):261-275]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.32

Keywords: Information Systems (IS), Academic Information Systems (AIS), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), users, students, faculty, cross platforms, multi-processing , time sharing and reliability.

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Impact of primary tumor resection on response and survival in metastatic breast cancer patients

Enas. A. Elkhouly¹, Eman. A. Tawfik ¹, Alaa. A. ELsisy ²

¹Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, ² Surgery Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

enasaboubaker6@hotmail.com

Abstract: About 3-10% of breast cancer patients have distant metastases at initial presentation. Patients with metastatic breast cancer have limited therapeutic options, and the mainstay of treatment remains systemic chemotherapy. Traditionally, the role of surgery has been confined strictly to palliation. However, retrospective studies have shown improved survival in patients who underwent surgery for their primary tumor. Thus, new clinical questions have emerged regarding surgery of the primary site in those women with metastatic disease and a respectable intact primary tumor. This study included 151 patients with stage IV breast cancer who divided into two groups:  Group A, who underwent surgery   and Group B, who did not undergo surgery. All patients then received anthracyclin based chemotherapy followed by hormonal treatment according to hormonal status. Patients were evaluated after three cycles of chemotherapy, after 6 cycles of chemotherapy, and later on every three months. Patients characteristics and survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariable analysis. 151 patients included in this analysis, Group A: 61underwent surgery for their primary tumor and Group B: 90 patients did not. There is statistically significant difference as regard the results of the first evaluation between the two groups where 3patients achieved CR (complete response), 38 patients had stable disease and16 patients achieved partial response (PR) and 3 patients in disease progression (DP) in Group A while in Group B no patient achieved CR, 66 patients achieved PR, 12 patients had stable disease and 12 patients had DP. There was statistically significant difference as regard OS between the 2 groups, the mean survival for Group A was 39.10 months and 28.04 months for Group B. Primary tumor resection increased survival in patient with metastatic breast cancer. So the role of surgery in women with stage IV breast cancer needs to be re-evaluated.

[Enas. A. Elkhouly, Eman. A. Tawfik and Alaa. A. ELsisy. Impact of primary tumor resection on response and survival in metastatic breast cancer patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):276-285]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.33

Keywords: Breast cancer; Stage IV; Surgery; Metastases; Survival.

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The Role of Pseudomonas Spp. as a Cause of Bacteremia in Immunocompromised Patients and Its Response to Antibiotics in presence or absence of Candida.

Amany A.A¹, DaliaYehya Kadry² and Aaesha Zaky Mohammed²

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt

² Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

Da.zaky@yahoo.com, amanyabonasr@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study has demonstrated that the immunocompromised patients in National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Cairo, Egypt) are infected with several microorganisms due to their immunodificiency as a result of chemotherapy. The study included 435 of immunocompromised patients in NCI. The mean age of patients with infections was 42.5 ± 14.7 years (range, 20 to 72) in adult, and pediatric 4.1±3.2 years (range, 0.5 to 13). The nosocomial infections occurred in 173 patients, these patients infected with Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicanes. Gram positive bacteria constituted the majority of isolates 70.9% compared with Gram negative bacteria 29.1%.The most effective antibiotics against Gram positive bacteria were found to be Vancomycin Linozolid and Synercid (71.5%), (63.1%) respectively, In case of Gram negative bacteria, the most effective antibiotics were Tobramycin and Amikacin with percentage (88 %) and (68%), respectively. The infection with pseudomonas spp. in immunocompromised patients occurred 5.8% and we observed that the percentage of infection among females was higher than in males with significant association (P= 0.02). The most effective antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas spp. were Impienem, Meropenam 70%, Tobramycin and levofloxacin 60%.

[Amany A.A, Dalia YehyaKadry and AaeshaZaky. The Role of Pseudomonas Spp. as a Cause of Bacteremia in Immunocompromised Patients and Its Response to Antibiotics. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):286-298]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.34

Key words: Immunocompromised patients, Bacteremia, Nosocomial bloodstream infections, Candida.

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Survival Modeling of First Birth Interval After Marriage

Amusan Ajitoni Simeon, Zarina Mohd Khalid.

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Malaysia

asamusan2@live.utm.my

Abstract: This is a data exploratory analysis of retrospective cross-sectional study of pattern of first birth interval after marriage in Nigeria. The data for the study are extracted from the published reports of the National Demographic and Health Survey 2009 edition. Fertility as a major component of population change is influenced by first birth interval after marriage, since the interval is positively correlated with the cumulative number of children a woman would have at the end of her reproductive life. Studies have described this interval using non-parametric methods which lack features to project the estimates further. This paper is designed to fill the gap by attempting to fit a parametric model to data on the first birth interval among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Four parametric models whose various curves and estimates are compared with non-parametric values are considered, namely Inverse Gaussian, Log-logistic, Weibull and Burr Type XII. The best model appears to be Inverse Gaussian based on the Akaike Information Criterion of lowest value of 116617.6. Quantile-quantile plots also identify Inverse Gaussian as model whose data points clustered much around straight line. All other curves give credence to the Inverse Gaussian model as the one that describes the data better than the rest. However, the study does not rule out adaptability of Log-logistic distribution to model waiting time to first birth after marriage since it also behaves similarly to Inverse Gaussian distribution.

[Amusan AS, Mohd KZ. Survival Modeling of First Birth Interval After Marriage. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):299-307]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.35

Keywords: Marriage, Women, First Birth Interval, Non-parametric, Parametric, Models, Estimates

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Determination of the causes of the Construction Delay in Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia Using The Rasch Model Analysis

N.M Tawil¹, M. A. Khoiry¹, N. Hamzah¹, W.H.W. Badaruzzaman¹, I. Arshad¹,  A.A. Azrillah² and N.B. Idris¹

^1. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

^2. Center of Engineering Education Research, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

nmtawil@gmail.com

Abstract: The development of an infrastructure requires a planned and effective construction management including the construction of the university. To obtain a good ranking, the universities should provide comprehensive physical facilities and infrastructure. This study is to investigate the construction process to know the causes behind the delay process in constructing the high education facilities in the Malaysian universities. The Rasch model technique is applied to analyse the results, and the sample of this study included 100 respondents where the majority are managers and owners of the construction of the high learning institutions. The delay causes are grouped into three factors, there are input factor, internal factor and exogenous factor. It is revealed that internal factors were the most factors that contribute in delay construction process, the factors as follows: poor monitoring by the contractor, lack of consultants experience, changes in design, too many variation orders by owner, delay in making decisions by project owner.

[N.M Tawil, M. A. Khoiry, N. Hamzah, W.H.W. Badaruzzaman, I. Arshad,  A.A. Azrillah and N.B. Idris. Determination of the causes of the Construction Delay in Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia Using The Rasch Model Analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):308-316]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.36

Keywords: construction delay, construction management, measurement, Rasch Model

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The Influence of L-arginine on Cell Proliferation, iNOS Expression and Cell Cycle in the Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line LS174

Yan-feng Gao ¹, Xiao-Ying Ding ³, Wei Yuan ¹, Xiao-Gang Liu ⁴, Xiong-wei Huo ^2*

¹Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China

²Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China

³Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710004, China

⁴The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049, China

doctorxiongweihuo@163.com

Abstract: The relationship between the L-Arg-NO pathway and tumor growth has not yet been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) on cell proliferation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the cell cycle in the human colon carcinoma cell line LS174. LS174 cells were cultured with L-Arg at different concentrations for different times. The MTT method was employed to evaluate the level of cell proliferation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatants was detected by the enzymatic reduction of nitrate. The distribution of the cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of iNOS were determined by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The growth of LS174 cells was promoted by L-Arg at low concentrations (0.125 mmol/L) and inhibited at high concentrations (0.5, 2, 8, or 32 mmol/L). The levels of NO increased with increasing concentrations of L-Arg. Compared with the control group, the ratio of cells in S phase was increased after 48 hour’ treatments with high concentrations of L-Arg (0.5, 2, 8 or 32 mmol/L) (P<0.05，P<0.01); but there was no obvious difference after treatments with a low concentration (0.125 mmol/L) (P>0.05). With the increase in L-Arg concentrations, the expression of iNOS increased. L-Arg can induce the expression of iNOS resulting in an increase the production of NO. Low concentrations of L-Arg can promote growth, whereas high concentrations can inhibit the growth and proliferation of LS174 cells. High concentrations of L-Arg can induce S phase arrest.

[Yan-feng Gao, Xiao-Ying Ding, Wei Yuan, Xiao-Gang Liu, Xiong-wei Huo. The Influence of L-arginine on Cell Proliferation, iNOS Expression and Cell Cycle in the Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line LS174. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):317-323]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.37

Key words: L-arginine, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cell cycle, human colon carcinoma cell Line LS174, cell proliferation.

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Ameliorative role of some antioxidant compounds on physiological parameters and antioxidants response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under salinity stress.

Khaulood A. Hemida^1*, Refaat M. Ali ¹, Wael M. Ibrahim ¹ and Makram A. Sayed ²

¹Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University

²Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University. Fayoum, Egypt

E-mail address: khulod_hemida@yahoo.com

Abstract: Salinity is the most important stresses that reduce growth and yield of wheat plant. In order to study effect of salinity only as well as presence of antioxidants (β-carotene, glutathione, uric acid) individually or in combination of both on growth and some related physiological activities of wheat plant an experiment was conducted completely randomized design with three replications.. The decreased levels of seed germination and growth alterations induced by NaCl were alleviated by various levels of antioxidants. Application of antioxidants led to significant differences between responses of antioxidant defense system either non-enzymatic {glutathione and ascorbate} or enzymatic {catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione reductase (GR)}. Protein profile of T. aestivum show variations in the number appearance, disappearance of bands, and variation in the protein content in each band compared to control and to the percentage of each band in the same sample and finally its molecular weight. When treated with NaCl or in combination with antioxidant the organic solutes of wheat seedlings exhibited somewhat variable responses to the salinity levels.

[Khaulood A. Hemida, Refaat M. Ali, Wael M. Ibrahim and Makram A. Sayed. Ameliorative role of some antioxidant compounds on physiological parameters and antioxidants response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):324-342]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.38

Key words: Salinity, B-carotene, glutathione, uric acid, enzyme activity, protein profile, wheat seedlings.

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Antibacterial, antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of some desert plants against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi

Mohamed E Zain¹, Amani S. Awaad², Monerah R. Al Othman¹, and Sahar K. Al-Dosary³

¹Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.

²Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

³Biology Department, College of Science, Dammam University, Dammam, KSA.

mzain@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: Five desert plants; namely, Bidens bipinnata, Cyperus alternifolius, Desmostachya bipinnata, Glossostemon bruguieri, and Schouwia thebica were investigated for their antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of some pathogenic bacteria including Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, Moraxella lacunata, Proteus merabiles, Pseudomons aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcesens, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Sarcina ventricull, Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic fungi including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigates and Penicillium chrysogenum. The extracts of Cyperus alternifolius and Desmostachya bipinnata were similar in their phytochemical constituents, while the chemical groups of Bidens bipinnata were similar to those in Schouwia thebica. Traces of saponins were only present in Glossostemon bruguieri.

[Mohamed E. Zain, Amani S. Awaad, Monerah R. Al Othman, and Sahar K. Al-Dosary. Antibacterial, antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of some desert plants against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):343-349]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.39

Keywords: Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antifungal agents, human pathogenic microorganisms, desert plants.

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Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against pathogenic microorganisms

Amani S. Awaad¹, Mohamed E Zain², Monerah R. AlOthman¹, and Sahar K. Al-Dosary³

¹Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.

²Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.

³Biology Department, College of Science, Dammam University, Dammam, KSA.

mzain@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: The phytochemical content of five medicinal plants; namely, Haloxylon persicum, Hammada elegans, Hammada scoparia, Juncus actus and Tamarix nilotica and their antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi were investigated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids (free aglycone and glycoside), unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenoides, carbohydrates or glycosides and proteins and/or amino acids and absence of volatile oil, cardinolides, anthraquinones and oxidase enzyme in all plants. The ethanolic extracts of the investigated plants inhibited the growth of some pathogenic bacteria including Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Moraxella lacunata, Proteus merabiles, Pseudomons aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcesens, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Sarcina ventricull, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest activity was obtained by Haloxylon persicum against Pseudomons aeruginosa (18 mm) and Proteus merabiles (16 mm).

[Mohamed E. Zain, Amani S. Awaad, Monerah R. AlOthman, and Sahar K. Al-Dosary.Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against pathogenic microorganisms.Life Sci J2014;11(7):350-354]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.40

Keywords: Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants, pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic fungi.

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The Systematic Review on Quality of Life in Urban Neighborhoods

Hamed Najafpour*¹, Vahid Bigdeli Rad², Hasanuddin Bin Lamit³, Muhamad Solehin Fitry Bin Rosley⁴

Centre for Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), UTM

¹Najafpour.Hamed@gmail.com, ²Vahid.bigdeli@gmail.com, ³INADEAN@gmail.com, ⁴solzfitry@gmail.com

Abstract: Previews researches on quality of life have highlighted the factors associating with quality of life for residents of urban neighborhoods. This research aims on providing a holistic overview on literatures regarding the importance of quality of life and its associated factors. To do so, 17 research articles relating to quality of life’s research area are undertook and reviewed. Despite of inconstancy of the results, the significance of neighborhood’s quality of life and factors associating to it is revealed. Most of the researches in diverse contexts undertaking statistical designs, validated and reliable quality of life, standardized and investigation on possible moderating of effects are absolutely considered and warranted.

[Najafpour H, Bigdeli Rad V, Lamit H, Fitry S. M. The Systematic Review on Quality of Life in urban Neighborhoods. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):355-364]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.41

Keywords: Quality of life, neighborhood, life satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction urban neighborhoods.

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Protective effect of hesperidin against ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemia in rats

Mousa O. Germoush

Biology Department, Faculty of Science, AlJouf University, Saudi Arabia.

germoush@hotmail.com

Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin against hyperammonemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Hyperammonemia was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg body weight ammonium chloride for 8 weeks. Administration of ammonium chloride induced hyperammonemia as evident by the significant increase in blood ammonia and urea levels. In addition, hyperammonemic rats exhibitedsignificantly increased brain lipid peroxidation as well as declined glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, hyperammonemia induced a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) accompanied with significant upregulation of brain TNF-α mRNA expression.  Concomitant administration of the flavonoid hesperidinsignificantlyameliorated the altered parameters. In conclusion, hesperidinprotects against hyperammonemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, demonstrating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies.

[Mousa O. Germoush. Protective effect of hesperidin against ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemia in rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):365-370]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.42

Key words: Hesperidin, Flavonoids, Hepatic encephalopathy, Cytokines.

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Migrations And Their Influence On The Ethnic Composition Of The Northern Asian Population In The Second Half Of The 19th Century

Vladimir Nikolaevich Shaidurov

Department of History, National Mineral Resources University ‘Mining’, 21st Line, Vasil'evskii Island, 2 St. Petersburg, Russia

s-w-n@mail.ru

Abstract: The 19-20^th century period witnessed active migrations between populations in many countries. Internal migrations were determined by specific political, economic, social and cultural development of the states. Those were particularly active in multinational empires. Migration specificity in the Russian Empire was that they had both compulsory and voluntary nature. They directly affected the ethnic composition of regions. This article will focus on the correlation between voluntary and compulsory migrations in the formation process of specific ethnic groups, and analyze their influence on changes in the national composition of people living in a certain region.

[Vladimir Nikolaevich Shaidurov. Migrations And Their Influence On The Ethnic Composition Of The Northern Asian Population In The Second Half Of The 19th Century. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):371-377]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.43

Keywords: migration, Northern Asia, diaspora, ethnic composition, repressions

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Estimation of Serum Electrolytes in Diabetes Patients of Saudi Region

Noura Al Jameil

Department of clinical laboratory sciences, College of applied medical sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh.

nouraaljameil@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly with interference in electrolytes sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl^-). The aim of the study is to estimate the electrolytes disturbance in Diabetes patients.Material and Methods: Total of 188 subjects were included in the study, out of which two groups were formed; 94 type 2diabetes patients and 94 controls. The subjects were selected from the outpatient department of King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh. Biochemical analysis for fasting glucose, HbA1C, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^- was performed by the ROCHE module Cobas 6000 (C-501 and C-601) analyzer, and kits were procured by ROCHE. Student t test was done to find out the difference between the two paired groups at 0.05 level of significance, followed by Pearson's correlation to know the correlation between electrolytes and glycemic control parameters, and the correlation coefficient (r) values were represented at 0.05 & 0.10 level of significance. Results: Diabetes patients Were of mean age 51.6 ± 14.7 years. In diabetes group serum Na⁺ level was observed significantly decreased (129.3±5.1) while Cl^-mean was increased (116±5.5), K⁺ showed no significant alterations. Both the electrolytes (Na⁺, Cl^-) differ significantly in diabetes and control group, at 0.05 level of significance. In both the sexes Na⁺ & Cl^- were significantly associated with fasting glucose and HbA1C, respectively. Discussion: The study demonstrated significant association of Na⁺, Cl^- with type 2 diabetes patients and K⁺ insignificant with diabetes control.

[Noura Al-Jameil. Estimation of Serum Electrolytes in Diabetes Patients of Saudi Region. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):378-380]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.44

Keywords: Diabetes; hyperglycemia; electrolytes; HbA1C

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Onion Peel Powder Alleviate Acrylamide-Induced Cytotoxicity and Immunotoxicity in Liver Cell Culture

Yousif A. Elhassaneen¹ and Yahya A. Abd Elhady²

¹Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, ²Home Economics Division, Faculty of Specific Education (Ashmoun), Minoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

Corresponding Author: Yousif12@hotmail.com

Abstract: Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that is present in several heat-treated foods such as French fries, potato crisps and coffee. We conducted the present study to investigate the protective effects of onion peel powder (OPP), rich in phenolic compounds, on the acrylamide (AA)-induced cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in liver cell cultures. Cytotoxicity (lysosomal dysnfuntion assayed by NR, mitochondrial dysnfunction assayed by MTT and cell wall membrane integrity assayed by CV) and immunotoxicity (assayed by PA) effects of acrylamide in liver cells cultures were observed. The midpoint toxicity values of AA treated samples were 8.00, 9.80, 9.75 and 17.00 mg/l for NR, MTT, CV and PA assays, respectively. Treatment of AA samples with OPP, 2.5 mg/l, increased these values (decreasing the cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects) and recorded 11.00, 9.50, 14.75 and 19.75 mg/l, respectively. The rate of decreasing in different assays are directly proportional with the increasing of the OPP concentration until removed totally at 20 mg/l. PEG-SOD (a superoxide scavenger) and PEG catalase (a hydrogen peroxide scavenger) examination indicated that ROS is involved in AA-induced cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in liver cells. These data suggest that agricultural by-products rich in phenolic compounds such OPP could attenuate the cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by AA in liver cells. The protection is probably mediated by an antioxidant protective mechanism. Using of OPP as a natural food additives in both deep-fat frying process and heated-treated foods may be a worthwhile way to prevent AA-mediated cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity.

[Yousif A. Elhassaneen and Yahya A. Abd Elhady. Onion Peel Powder Alleviate Acrylamide-Induced Cytotoxicity and Immunotoxicity in Liver Cell Culture. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):381-388]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.45

Keywords: Neutral red, MTT assay, protease assay, midpoint toxicity, ROS, phenolic compounds

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Dexmedetomidine on the myocardial apoptosis induced by grave scalding

Bian-ning¹   Hu-bo²  Sun-youyuan³  Meng-YU^2*

¹Cardiovascular Department of the Frist Hospital Affiliated to Ji’nan University,  Guangzhou , China.

²Nephrology Department of the Frist Hospital Affiliated to Ji’nan University, Guangzhou , China.

³Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated to First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou , China.

elajob@126.com

Abstract: Pharmacological preconditioning limits myocardial infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in anesthesia that may have cardioprotective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury.We investigate whether dexmedetomidine administration activates cardiac survival kinases and induces cardioprotection against injury. Grave scalding rat model was established.Blood presure and heart rate were atraumatic measure, the blood and the myocardial tissue from ventriculus sinister were harvested, which were assayed the troponin, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of caspase-12,GRP78 and CHOP by immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and western blotting. we found that the number of buffy-stained nucleolus in the myocardial cell was the most in the simple scald group. The number of buffy-stained nucleolus of myocardial cells in the D1 and D3 group were more than that in the D2 group, which were more than in the normal control group. The proteinic expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the D2 and D3 groups were less than that in the B group. The proteinic expression of GRP78 in the D2 group was less than that in the D3 group.The proteinic expression of CHOP in the D2 and D3 groups were more than in the normal control. dexmedetomidine could lessen the myocardial cellular apoptosis induced by scald, inhibit the expression of caspase-12, GRP78 and CHOP.

[Bian-ning, Hu-bo, Sun-youyuan, Meng-YU. Dexmedetomidine on the myocardial apoptosis induced by grave scalding. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):389-394]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.46

Key words：Dexmedetomidine; myocardial apoptosis; Grave scalding

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Enhanced Berry Ravindran Pattern Matching Algorithm (EBR)

Dima Suleiman

Department of Business Information Technology, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology,

The University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan

dima.suleiman@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: In this paper, a new pattern matching algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm Enhanced Berry Ravindran (EBR) algorithm made enhancements on Berry-Ravindran (BR) algorithm. In BR, the shift value is computed by taking two consecutive characters of the text immediately following the pattern window. The new algorithm maximizes the shift used in BR by computing the shift value using three consecutive characters. EBR uses two sliding windows to scan the text from the left and right simultaneously. In each sliding window the comparisons made between the text and the pattern are made from both sides of the pattern at the same time. The proposed algorithm shows better performance compared with the existing algorithms in terms of number of comparisons and attempts.

[Dima Suleiman. Enhanced Berry Ravindran Pattern Matching Algorithm (EBR). Life Sci J 2014;11(7):395-402]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.47

Keywords: Pattern matching, Berry-Ravindran algorithm, Two Sliding Windows algorithm, Enhanced Two Sliding Windows Fast Pattern Matching Algorithm.

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Effect of Boron on Growth and Some Physiological Activities of Tomato Plant

Shaimaa Abd El-Hameed Abo-Hamad and Soad Soliman El-Feky

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

shaimaa.abohamad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Boron is an essential micronutrient for normal growth of higher plants, when it absorbed in excess amounts, it can be toxic and induce a number of deleterious effects. Tomato is one of the crops which respond well to boron application. A germination and pot experiments were conducted in order to assess the possible effects of boron (0.0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on the growth and some metabolic activities of tomato at 9 and 30 days of growth. Application of different concentrations of boron significantly increased fresh and dry weights at low boron concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) compared with control. In addition, the content of Ca and B were increased in shoot and root of tomato, K was increased in shoot and decreased in root, while Na increased in root and decreased in shoot in response to boron application. The activity of glutamate-oxoloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases enzymes was significantly increased with the applied boron concentrations. Moreover, the root and shoot soluble proteins were increased gradually with increasing boron concentrations. The protein profile of tomato seedlings revealed de novo synthesis of polypeptides with molecular weights 116, 97, 35, 33 and 11 KDa with the highest boron concentration (400 ppm) which may be associated with the tolerance of tomato to excess boron.

Shaimaa Abd El-Hameed Abo-Hamad and Soad Soliman El-Feky. Effect of Boron on Growth and Some Physiological Activities of Tomato Plant. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):403-408]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.48

Keywords: growth parameters, mineral content, glutamate-oxoloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, protein, protein pattern

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Specificity of ethnogeny indigenous peoples by Central Siberia in the transition from the traditional type of society to modern society

Natalia P. Koptseva, ¹ Vladimir I. Kirko ²

^1. Department of Cultural Studies, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

^2. Department of Management Organizations, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after Victor Astafijev, 89 Ada Lebedeva St., Krasnoyarsk, 660049 Russia

decanka@mail.ru

Abstract: This article focuses on the processes of ethnic and cultural identification and self-identification, which the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia and Siberia, living in the Russian Federation, are currently going through. The post-Soviet cultural practices of preservation of ethnic identity of the small-numbered peoples of Siberia—the Kumandins and the Dolgans —are studied. The conclusion is made that there is not any state language policy aimed at preserving of the Kumandin language and Dolgan language. The Kumandins and the Dolgans have active processes of ethnic identification, but the post-Soviet cultural practices do not relate to these processes. Processes of ethnic and linguistic assimilation are accompanied by post-Soviet practices, where state policy does not increase and does not weaken the ethnic identity of the indigenous peoples of Central Siberia. In present time are developed and strengthened social stratum “national elites”, which are characterized by symbolic ethnicity. For modern ethnicity processes of Indigenous Peoples of Central Siberia are characterized by dual ethnic identity.

[Koptseva NP, Kirko VI. Specificity of ethnogeny indigenous peoples by Central Siberia in the transition from the traditional type of society to modern society. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):409–413]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.49

Keywords: Central Siberia, ethnogenesis, Dolgan, Kumandins, Evenki, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory

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Estimation technique of synergetic effect as result of realization of strategy of development of the organization

Zakharov Pavel Nikolayevich ¹, Goykher Oleg Lazarevich ²

^1. Director of Institute of economy and management of the Vladimir state university of a name of Alexander Grigorevich and Nikolay Grigorevich Stoletovs (VlSU), Doctor of Economics, Vladimir, Russia

^2. Professor of chair of «Economy and strategic management» of Vladimir state university of a name of Alexander Grigorevich and Nikolay Grigorevich Stoletovs, Doctor of Economics, Vladimir, Russia

pav_zah@mail.ru

Abstract: approaches to determination of synergetic effect as a result of realization of strategy of development of the organization are considered. The technique is offered, allowing quantitative estimation of synergetic effect from key stakeholders interaction at realization of strategy of development of the organization. The given technique is based on use of the balanced scorecards (BSC) not only as realization tool, but also as tool of the control of efficiency of realization of the given strategy. Considering V. Pareto’s principle of efficiency, process of realization of strategy of development of the organization will provide a positive synergy if improvement of a rating estimation on one of strategic cards of the ВSC does not affect negatively rating estimations under other cards. Article is prepared within the framework of the state task of VlSU №2014/13 on accomplishment of the state works in a sphere of scientific activity.

[Zakharov P.N., Goykher O.L. Estimation technique of synergetic effect as result of realization of strategy of development of the organization. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):414-416]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.50

Keywords: a synergy, development strategy

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How Technology Affects Our Life: The Case of Mobile Free Minutes in Jordan

Samar Al-Saqqa¹, Rizik Al-Sayyed ¹, Mohammad Al Shraideh², Maisaa Abu Obaidah¹ , Sana'a Balawi²

^1.Department of Business Information Technology, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan

^2. Department of Computer Science, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan

s.alsaqqa@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the effects of the free minutes offered by mobile line service providers on the mobiles customers (users) in Jordan; we analyzed the data collected from 298 users.  Each user completed a survey (questionnaire) with 22 questions.  For the purpose of analysis, the survey questions are grouped into three categories; the negative effects, the fairness of rules and the cost.  We studied the effects based in these three categories based on four main users’ merits; the age, the gender, the qualification and the work nature.  We found that for the age and the gender, there was no statistically effect on the negative effects, the fairness of rules and cost while depending on the work and qualification; there is an impact of work (housewives) on the fairness of the applied rules and on the total responses, and the university degree users have an impact on the negative effects, fairness of rules, and cost.

[Samar Al-Saqqa, Rizik Al-Sayyed, Mohammad Al Shraideh Maisaa Abu Obaidah, Sana'a Balawi. How Technology Affects Our Life: The Case of Mobile Free Minutes in Jordan. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):417-423]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.51

Keywords: Free minutes, Cellular Phones, communication technology

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Prevalence of obesity and risk factors among female school-aged children in primary school in Madinah Munawarah

Manal A. Hasanein and Soha H. Abdul Jawad

Department of Food Science, Faculty of Family Science, Taibah University, Madinah Munawarah, KSA

drmanal.hasanin@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Several studies have reported prevalence of overweight or/and obesity in school children with ages ranging from 7- 14 years. There are not studies on the anthropometric and nutritional status in primary school girls in Madinah Munawarah. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with obesity among female school-aged children in primary schools. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 2000 students from 28 schools in Madinah Munawarah in primary schools girls aged between (6 and 12 years). Their height and weight were measured and weight for age, height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age were calculated. The children's information was obtained by interview and 24hrs recall was completed by mothers for accuracy. Results: The prevalence of overweight & obesity was 30.6 & %26.8 %. respectively. There were a high positively significant difference between age & weight, height & BMIFAZscore (P<0.01). It is noticed that the 37% for girls were exercise. And noticed that the 100% of girls consume snakes, 33.6% sweets and chocolate and 62.3% chips. While It is noticed that the 43.5% of girls consume fast foods, 48.9% of girls consume fast foods one Week. 38.4 % of girls drinking Carbonated water. The mean for the macronutrients was high, except for fat mean which was within RDI. Total calories come from Carbohydrate 54.96%, Protein 20.5 %, and Fat 25.9 %. Recommendations: Removing sugar-sweetened beverages from school food stores. Improving home eating behaviors. Increasing physical education hours and consumption of healthy food by the school curricula.

[Manal A. Hasanen and Soha H. Abdul Jawad. Prevalence of obesity and risk factors among female school-aged children in primary school in Madinah Munawarah. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):424-433]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.52

Key words: Anthropometry- primary school children - nutritional status

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Using of Neural Networks for Risk-management of State Investment Projects

Olga Luskatova¹, Nikolay Luskatov²

¹ Sc. D, Professor, Head of the Department “Accounting, Finance and Service”, Vladimir State University

² PhD, Associate Professor, Vladimir State University

oluskatova@mail.ru

Abstract: Choosing a method of risk management by using neural networks in the ideal of self-organizing maps. Insurance justified as optimal method of risk aversion in the implementation of state investment projects. Methods: Proposed use of neural networks based on fuzzy logic. Their visualization in forms of self-organizing maps and approximation in the risk field allow optimize the choice of risk-management. Results: At realization of road investment projects in the Russian Federation dominates funding from the federal and regional budgets. Therefore performed systematization risks in the system of budgetary purchases. Calculated the financial impact of liability insurance specific road investment project in the Vladimir region.

[Luskatova O., Luskatov N. Using of neural networks for risk-management of state investment projects. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):434-443]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.53

Keywords: neural network, risk-management, insurance of the responsibility, the state purchases, enterprise risks, road projects

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The biological effects of the water extract of Piper nigrum (Fam: Piperaceae) seeds on the larvae of Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Fallen) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Badriah M. K. Asiri

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Dr_aseri@hotmail.com

Abstract: The water extract of Piper nigrum was evaluated in the laboratory against the second and third larval instar of the flesh fly Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. The water extract of P. nigrum were tested to study their efficacy on larval mortality, larval weight, larval duration, pupation, pupal weight, adult emergence. The second larval instar was the most affected by the water extract of P. nigrum than the third larval instar. The water extract of P. nigrum showed a high level of biological activity against the second larval instar which fed on treated diet. It is induced prolongation in the larval duration, great reduction in larval weight and the larval mortality increased.

[Badriah M. K. Asiri. The biological effects of the water extract of Piper nigrum (Fam: Piperaceae) seeds on the larvae of Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Fallen) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Life Sci J 2014;11(7):444-454]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.54

Keywords: Piper nigrum, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, Biological effects, Toxicity, Insects, Botanicals.

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Clinical evaluation of autologous DC and CIK cell therapy combine with chemotherapy in lung cancer patients

Haixia Dong¹, Yanjie Sun¹, Zhongmian Zhang^2&3, Haoxun Wang², Na Han², Weiwei Tian², Ping Liu², Jian wang², Haili Wang², Xianrui Song^3&4, Haiyan Kong^3&4, Changwei Feng^1&3 , Yin Li⁵, Jun Ma^2&3

^1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

^2. Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

^3. Department of Cancer Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China.

^4. Shanghai Clasion Biotechnology Co., Shanghai 201203, China.

^5. Tumour Hospital of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.

iodd66@yahoo.com

Abstract：Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) and cytokine induced killer cells (CIK), combined with chemotherapy was observed in lung cancer patients. Thirty five patients with lung cancer, who admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2012 to June 2013 were treated with the regimen of DC-CIK based immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Healthy control (n = 6) were age-and sex-matched. The ratio of CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ (Treg), CD8+CD28−(Ts) and CD8+CD28+(CTL) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Patients received 4~8×10⁷ DCs and 5~10×10⁹ CIKs in total during the treatment courses. There was an increasing tendency for proportions of T subsets and NK cells, and decreased tendency for tumour markers in peripheral blood after treatment though no statistical significance. CR was found in 3 cases (8.6%), PR in 8 cases (22.9%), SD in 21 cases (60%) and PD in 3 cases (8.5%) within 1 year follow-up. Patients showed significantly higher percentage of Treg and lower level CTL in peripheral blood compared to healthy control (P<0.05), and recovered to similar level as healthy people. No serious adverse reaction was found in all patients. We can conclude that DC-CIK cellular immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is beneficial for lung cancer in improving quality of life, and reducing levels of Treg in peripheral blood without serious side effect.

[Haixia Dong, Yanjie Sun, Zhongmian Zhang, Haoxun Wang, Na Han, Weiwei Tian, Ping Liu, Jian wang, Haili Wang, Xianrui Song, Haiyan Kong, Changwei Feng, Yin Li, Jun Ma. Clinical evaluation of autologous DC and CIK cell therapy combine with chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):455-458]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.55

Keywords: Adoptive cellular immunotherapy; Dendritic cells; Cytokine-induced killer cells; lung cancer; Chemotherapy

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Incidence and Host Preference of Red Pumpkin Beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) on Cucurbitaceous Vegetables

M. M. Kamal¹, M. M. Uddin¹, M. Shahjahan¹, M.M. Rahman¹, M. J. Alam², M. S. Islam², M. Y. Rafii^3,4 and M. A. Latif^4,5

¹Department of Entonology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

²Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

³Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Corresponding address: Email: alatif1965@yahoo.com; alamj63@gmail.com

Abstract: Three cucurbitaceous vegetables viz. sweet gourd (BARI Misti Kumra-1, BARI Misti Kumra-2 and Local Misti Kumra), bitter gourd (BARI Karola-1, Taj Karola-88 and Local Karola) and bottle gourd (BARI Lau-3, BARI Lau -4 and Local Lau) were selected to conduct a research on the incidence and host preference of red pumpkin beetle. In the field experiment at all the three stages, the highest incidence of red pumpkin beetle per plant was observed on sweet gourd and lowest on bitter gourd. The maximum number of beetle was observed on Local Misti Kumra at all the three stages and the lowest number of beetle was found on BARI Karola-1 at seedling stage and on Taj Karola-88 at flowering stage and on Local Karola at fruiting stage in the field. In net cage experiment, the highest and lowest number of beetle was also observed on sweet gourd and bitter gourd respectively. In the net cage among the nine varieties, the maximum number of beetle was observed on Local Misti Kumra. At all the three stages the highest percentage of leaf infestation was found on sweet gourd and the lowest on bitter gourd in the field. Among the nine varieties, the highest percentage of leaf infestation was recorded on Local Misti Kumra at all three stages in the field. The highest food consumption was recorded on sweet gourd among the crops and the highest leaf area damage was found on Local Misti Kumra in net cage experiment among the nine varieties. Among three cucurbit crops the total and daily food consumption was found highest on sweet gourd in the laboratory. The total and daily food consumption was the highest on Local Misti Kumra whereas the lowest was recorded on Local Karola among the nine varieties.

[M. M. Kamal, M. M. Uddin, M. Shahjahan, M.M. Rahman, M. J. Alam, M. S. Islam, M. Y. Rafii and M. A. Latif. Incidence and Host Preference of Red Pumpkin Beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas) on Cucurbitaceous Vegetables. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):459-466]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.56

Keywords: Incidence, Preference, Red pumpkin beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis, Cucurbit

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Environmental Problems And Ways Of Increase Of Rice Productivity On The Meliorated Saline Soils Of Kazakhstan.

Raisov B.О.¹, Elibaeva G.I,¹ Kenzhebaeva G.S.², Sydykova A.A.¹, Murzina G.A.¹, Batyr E.E.¹, Abdullaeva G.A.³

^1. Department of Agrotechology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent 160002, Kazakhstan

^2. Department of Water Resources, Land Using and Agrotechology, M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent 160002, Kazakhstan

^3. Department of Technology Animal Products, M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent 160002, Kazakhstan

elibaeva_gulmira@mail.ru

Abstract: Kazakhstan is one of leading producers of rice in the CIS where holds a peculiar place Kyzylorda province, in particular the lower reaches of the Syr-Darya River with favorable natural conditions and and the specialized engineering prepared lands. Increase of efficiency of agrarian industry and domestic markets is the major problem. In the paper there are the results of long-term researches on increase of rice production on the meliorated saline soils in Kazakhstan. It is established during the research, that the farther rice is located from a bed of long-term grasses in a crop rotation, the more there is a difference in productivity under the influence of salts in soil. With increase of level of soil salinity on rice crops the efficiency of mineral fertilizers fell by 20 %. It considerably occurs when proportionally increased in doses of mineral fertilizers (N60-150, Р90-120, K45-90) depending on level growth of soil salinity on rice crops.

[Raisov B.О., Elibaeva G.I,  Kenzhebaeva G.S., Sydykova A.A., Murzina G.A., Batyr E.E., Abdullaeva G.A. Environmental Problems And Ways Of Increase Of Rice Productivity On The Meliorated Saline Soils Of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):467-469]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.57

Keywords: Rice productivity, meliorated saline soils, fertilizers, crop.

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Study oxidation zone of Naymanzhal gold deposit (central Kazakhstan) the purpose of it develop with methods of heap leaching

Kulyash Sharanovna Dyussembayeva, Saltanat Kalykbaevna Assubayeva, Adilkhan Bekdildaevich Baibatsha, Aymkhan Turapbayevna Kassenova, Alma Anarbekovna Bekbotayeva

Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Satpaev st., 22, Almaty, 050013, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. We studied the mineral composition of the oxidation zone of ore deposits, ore types are marked, which define the vertical and lateral zonation in the distribution. For presentation ore body in the mineralized areas were built in three-dimensional space. For this purpose was created analytical database on the results of sampling wells and ditches. There was set sufficiently complex morphology of the ore bodies, with their variability along strike and dip, the nonuniform distribution of the contents of the gold and silver. The results of mineralogical studies of gold ore oxidation zone, their technological and physical-mechanical properties were favorable for heap leaching.

[Dyussembayeva K.S., Assubayeva S.K., Baibatsha A.B., Kassenova A.T., Bekbotayeva A.A. Study oxidation zone of Naymanzhal gold deposit (central Kazakhstan) the purpose of it develop with methods of heap leaching. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):470-475] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.58 

Keywords: deposit, mineral, gold, oxidation zone, heap leaching.

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Evaluating the effectiveness of the provision of financial assistance from the federal budget of the Russian Federation to budget of the Baikonur

Natalya Vladimirovna Gubanova^1,2,3, Vladimir Nickolayevich Kostornichenko^1,4

¹Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Russia

²Moscow Institute of State and Corporation Management, Russia

³NOU VPO Moscow Institute of Banking (MIBG), Russia

⁴Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Russia

Abstract. This paper analyzes the main types of intergovernmental transfers between the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan produced at Baikonur to ensure viability and maintenance of their infrastructure, it includes: grants, subsidies, subventions and other intergovernmental transfers. Reveals the content of these categories of transfers, analyzed the flow of funds for the year 2009-2012. The describing major infrastructure projects financed from the budget of the Russian Federation. Touched upon topical issues of relations between Russia and Kazakhstan, caused by the specificity of the situation, as in the world there is no experience of the lease by one state in another state.

[Gubanova N.V., Kostornichenko V.N. Evaluating the effectiveness of the provision of financial assistance from the federal budget of the Russian Federation to budget of the Baikonur. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):476-479] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.59

Keywords: intergovernmental transfers, Baikonur, financial assistance, infrastructure, federal city, the city budget "Baikonur", grants, subsidies, subventions and other intergovernmental transfers.

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Psychologism as an essential feature of James Lasdun’s Idiostyle

Tatiana Nikolayevna Klimenko and Sofya Andreevna Simatova

Transbaikal State University, Aleksandro-Zavodskaya Str. 30, Chita, 672039, Transbaikal Region, Russia

Abstract. The paper discusses psychologism as an essential feature of James Lasdun’s idiostyle. It describes the notions of “idiostyle” and “psychologism”, touching upon the problem of revealing the author’s personality through his literary work. The paper gives detailed information about the literary technique of creating psychologism and illustrates its linguistic mechanisms in Lasdun’s works through interior monologue and stream of consciousness, dreams and fantasies, detailed particularity, the preterition of concealed psychological processes, emphasizing one particular feeling of the character throughout narration.

[Klimenko T.N., Simatova S.A. Psychologism as an essential feature of James Lasdun’s Idiostyle. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):480-484] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.60

Keywords: idiostyle, psychologism, extralinguistic feature, interior monologue, stream of consciousness, artistic detail.

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Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages)

Mariya Alexandrovna Kulkova and Milyausha Ravilevna Shaimardanova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyevskaya-Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Tatarstan

Abstract. The problem of layer organization of evaluative categorization is analyzed in the article. Main attention is drawn to the problem of evaluative category forming in paroemiological worldview. Lingual ways of reality reflection is shown on the base of English and Russian proverbs. Authors note benefactive character of evaluative characterization of reality objects, situations, etc. in paroemies. This fact points out modeling function of paroemeis as leading function that actually is the function of correction of people behavior.

[Kulkova M.A., Shaimardanova M.R. Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages). Life Sci J 2014;11(7):485-487] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.61 

Keywords: paroemeis, paroemiological worldview, evaluative conceptualization, ethnolingual concsiousness.

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Modern trends in the management system formation of enterprise competitiveness

Elena Alexsandrovna Nikitina

Belgorod State Technological University V.G. Shukhov, Kostyukova Street, 46, Belgorod, 308012, Russia

Abstract. Management technologies represent a set of management tools and techniques to achieve organization goals, including methods and tools for collecting and processing information, techniques of effective impact on employees, management principles and laws, as well as control systems. Management Technology has two distinct meanings: as science (management section), which studies the algorithms of information processing and decision-making undertaken by personnel with the help of technical aids; as technology, which is a targeted sequence of management operations, which result is an adopted and implemented solution.

[Nikitina E.A. Modern trends in the management system formation of enterprise competitiveness. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):488-491] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.62 

Keywords: system, management, competitiveness, development trends.

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Singularities of preschool mathematical education in Russia

Valentina Fedorovna Petrova

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, 420008, Tatarstan, Russia

Abstract. Consideration of singularities of mathematical education of preschool children is determined by those reforms, which are carried out in Russia over the last years at all levels of the education system. The article analyzes the singularities of the purposes, contents, forms, and methods of teaching preschool children in mathematics based on domestic and foreign publications, which have been released over the last years in the field of mathematical development of preschool children. Elements of mathematical education technology are covered according to the documents adopted in Russia, which regulate the educational activity of preschool educational institutions on the government level, and also in the context of the concept of mathematical education development in Russia.

[Petrova V.F. Singularities of preschool mathematical education in Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):492-496] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.63

Keywords: mathematical education of preschool children, preschool education in Russia.

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Communicative strategies of socialization and accumulation of experience in intercultural activity of a student

Aliya Abdiramanovna Yergazina¹, Lyudmila Borisovna Sokolova², Gulnara Koyshibayevna Ayzhanova³, Zhanna Tlegenovna Utaliyeva⁴

¹Aktobe University named after S. Baishev, Zhubanovs Br., 302 A, Aktobe, 030000, Kazakhstan

²Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Sovetskaya st., 19, Orenburg, 460844, Russian Federation

³Almaty Academy of Economics and Statistics, Zhandosov st., 59, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

⁴The Kazakh National University of the Arts, Tauelsizdik st., 50, Аstana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Formation and accumulation of experience in cultural activity forms the thinking and culture in its entirety. The experience of intercultural activity is one of the attributes of the modern culture, in which harmonious development depends on the interaction of different cultures. Education meeting social, political, and economical requirements of the contemporary society is meant to solve the problem of intercultural education. Formation of democratic and tolerant intercultural personality, which retains its own culture, but understands and accepts other cultures and has sufficient competence for adequate behavior in the circumstances of cross-cultural communication, is the finite goal of intercultural education. This all is achieved through application of certain communicative strategies, which are assumed the strategies of mutual understanding, cooperation, competition, and avoidance of conflicts. The progress of the modern society is impossible without formation and accumulation of this experience, which is understood as sociocultural, sociolinguistic, and intercultural competences. These competences are necessary for successful integration into the world cultural space, which is characterized as orientation to the communication partner.

[Yergazina A.A., Sokolova L.B., Ayzhanova G.K., Utaliyeva Z.T. Communicative strategies of socialization and accumulation of experience in intercultural activity of a student. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):497-501] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.64 

Keywords: communicative strategies, experience in intercultural activity, intercultural education, cross-cultural communication, competences.

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Selection of the hydrodynamic damper type for the turbomachine rotor

Sergei Viktorinovich Falaleev, Konstantin Nikolaevich Chaadaev, Dmitriy Sergeevich Diligenskiy

Samara State Aerospace University, Moskovskoe Shosse, 34, Samara, 443086, Russia

Abstract. This work discusses a number of issues related to selection of the hydrodynamic damper type widely spread today for damping turbomachinery rotor oscillations. The analysis of works dedicated to this issue has been performed and it has been shown that today there is a large variety of damper designs. Therefore, the method allowing to reasonably select the type of dampers and their parameters is required. It contains the methodology of designing such dampers consisting of the stages of parameter optimization of the “rotor-damper” system, damper structural optimization and selection of optimal parameters of dampers of the type selected.

[Falaleev S.V., Chaadaev K.N., Diligenskiy D.S. Selection of the hydrodynamic damper type for the turbomachine rotor. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):502-505] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.65 

Keywords: amplitude, hydrodynamic damper, transmission coefficient, optimization, parameters, operating mode, resonance, structure, type

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Representation of national mentality in Turkic-Tatar vocabulary

Alfiya Shavketovna Yusupova, Gulshat Raisovna Galiullina, Elvira Nikolaеvna Denmukhametova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. One of the main aims in the investigation is to study the semantic potential of the vocabulary, denoting the wildlife, and to reveal the specificity of nations' worldview, reflected in the names of nature. The vocabulary of Tatar language, genetically dating back to the Old Turkic language, is selected as a subject of the research. The investigation of semantic potential, evolution of vocabulary semantics, referring to nature, peculiarities of its functioning at different lexical sub-systems, specificity of recording in lexicographical sources provided an opportunity to illustrate dramatically the change of way of thinking, world perception of national personality from antiquity to modern times.

[Yusupova A.S., Galiullina G. R., Denmukhametova E.N. Representation of national mentality in Turkic-Tatar vocabulary. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):506-508] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.66

Keywords: Tatar language, mentality, vocabulary, figurative-metaphorical meaning, Turkic-Tatar culture.

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Environmental challenges on aquaculture rearing in Malaysia: The views of brackish-water cage entrepreneurs in Malaysia

²Khairuddin Idris, ¹Azmariana Azman, ¹Jeffrey Lawrence D’Silva, ³Norsida Man and ¹Hayrol Azril Mohamed Shaffril

¹Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

²Faculty of Education, Universiti Putra Malaysia

³Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

majudesa.desa2@gmail.com or kidin@putra.upm.edu.my

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to investigate the environmental challenges’ – changing climate and natural disasters affect on aquaculture activities in Malaysia. Four in depth interviews have been conducted with five brackish-water cage entrepreneurs from four different locations in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the findings of this study, four main environmental challenges have been identified to post formidable challenges on aquaculture activities in Malaysia, namely temperature rise, heavy rainfall, flood and water current. Further analyses have shown that these four environmental challenges have affected the socio-economic routines of the brackish-water cage entrepreneurs. A number of discussions and recommendations have been highlighted and hopefully they can assist the relevant parties in constructing a better strategy to face the future environmental challenges.

 [Khairuddin Idris, Azmariana Azman, Jeffrey Lawrence, D’Silva, Norsida Man and Hayrol Azril Mohamed Shaffril. Environmental challenges on aquaculture rearing in Malaysia: The views of brackish-water cage entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):509-513] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.67

Keywords: environmental challenge, aquaculture industry, fisheries development

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Feasibility Study of Markerless Gait Tracking Using Kinect

Majdi Alnowami¹, Afzal Khan², Ali H. Morfeq², Nazeeh Alothmany², Ehab A Hafez³

¹Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

²Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

 ³Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Email: malowaimi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Gait analysis is a complex process since it involves tracking motion with high degrees of freedom. It has seen a lot of development in recent years with approaches changing from Markerbased to Markerless systems. This paper presents a new approach for gait analysis that is based on Markerless human motion capture using Microsoft’s popular gaming console Kinect XBOX. For this study, the RGB camera mode output of the Kinect system was used as Markerbased system. The skeleton mode output of the Kinect system was used as Markerless system. The system introduced in this paper tracked the human motion in a real time environment using foreground segmentation and computer vision algorithms developed for this purpose. The study shows that Kinect can be used both as Markerbased and Markerless systems for tracking human motion. The degree angles formed from the motion of 5 joints namely shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle were calculated. The RGB camera of Kinect was used to track marks placed over specified joints. The image resulting from the Kinect skeleton mode was considered as the images resulting from markerless system and used to calculate the angle for the same joints. The developed software application tracked the motion successfully. The study showed a correlation coefficient of 90.16% between the Kinect camera’s Markerbased and Markerless systems.

[Majdi Alnowaimi, Afzal Khan, Ali H. Morfeq, Nazeeh Alothmany, Ehab A Hafez. Feasibility Study of Markerless Gait Tracking Using Kinect. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):514-523]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 68. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.68

Keywords: Markerless Gait, Kinect system, Skeleton mode, Computer vision algorithm

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The value of ezetimibe in postoperative patients’ blood lipids management after interventional therapy of acute coronary syndrome

Duan Mingqin, Huang Gairong, Xu Xianjing, Cao Xuanchao

Kang Xin Comprehensive Ward, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China 

Email: gaironghuang163@163.com.

Abstract: Objective By observing the clinical efficacy and drug side effects of lipid-lowering treatment of ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin calcium, we evaluated the value of ezetimibe in postoperative patients’ blood lipids management after interventional therapy of acute coronary syndrome. Method 160 abnormal plasma lipid patients with acute coronary syndrome who accepted coronary artery interventional therapy in our hospital, were randomly divided into two groups——the control group taking atorvastatin calcium tablets, the experimental group taking ezetimibe and atorvastatin calcium tablets, we compared the changes and side effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) after treatment for a month between the two groups. Result After 30 days, TC, TG (Trigly cerides) and LDL-C in plasma of the experimental group are lower than the other group (p<0.01). Conclusion The clinical effect of ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets in treating hyperlipemia was obviously superior to taking atorvastatin calcium tablets alone, such as making the blood fat standardized earlier and without increasing side effects, which was particularly suitable for substandard plasma lipid patients after interventional treatment of acute coronary syndrome.

 [Duan Mingqin, Huang Gairong, Xu Xianjing, Cao Xuanchao. The value of ezetimibe in postoperative patients’ blood lipids management after interventional therapy of acute coronary syndrome. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):524-527] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 69. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.69

Key words: ezetimibe; acute coronary syndrome; coronary artery interventional therapy; blood lipids; atorvastatin calcium

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Effectiveness evaluation of Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel for bacterial vaginosis

HOU Wenjie^a, HAN Lin^b, LI Min^a, CHEN Jie^a, CHEN Youguo^a*

^a Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China

^b Internal Medicine Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China

E-mail: lionhoumail@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel for bacterial vaginosis(BV). Methods: With completely randomized approach, 863 patients with BV were respectively divided into three groups including: metronidazole treatment group, Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel treatment group and combined treatment group. Result: The clinical effectiveness of three groups at the first follow-up visit was 92.3%, 94.8% and 95.5% respectively(P=0.781)，it was 83.0%, 92.6% and 89.9% respectively (P=0.012) at the second follow-up visit；The incidence of adverse reaction was 17.1%, 6.2% and 15.7% respectively (P=0.006). Conclusion: Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of the patients as metronidazole in treatment of bacterial vaginosis, even more it has better long-term curative effect and fewer adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical application.

[HOU Wenjie, HAN Lin, LI Min, CHEN Jie, CHEN Youguo. Effectiveness evaluation of Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel for bacterial vaginosis. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):528-531]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.70

Key words: Alginate Oligosaccharides antibacterial gel; bacterial vaginosis(BV); metronidazole

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Review of Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis

Yingying Zhao¹, Bo Song¹, Yuan Gao¹, Yusheng Li², Hui Fang², Yuming Xu¹

¹ Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

² Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

Email: xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn, 13903711125@126.com

Abstract: Symptomatic Intracranial arterial stenosis (sICAS) refers to intracranial arterial stenosis caused by atherosclerosis and presents ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in the blood supplied area. sICAS is a major risk factor in recurrent stroke. This review summarizes research datas of sICAS in recent years respectively from epidemiology, etiology and mechanism, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical manifestation, treatment and prognosis, aiming to raise awareness of this disease and provide basis for the further study.

[Yingying Zhao, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Yusheng Li, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu. Investigation on Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factor, Examination Means and Treatment Strategy of Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):532-537] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.71

Key Words: Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, Examination, Treatment

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Changes of Blood Lipid Level of Pregnant Women in Different Gestation Period

Ma Haihui¹, Li Nan¹, Dai Yujie¹, Yang Jie²

¹Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongzhou Maternal&Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101101, China

²Department of Information Statistics, Tongzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing101101, China

Email: mahaihui0121@sina.com

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the changes of blood lipids of normal pregnant women in different gestation period. Methods: Retrospective and comparative analysis were carried out in 1005 healthy pregnant women who did not have pregnancy complications (the experimental group) and in 308 non-pregnant women at the same time (the control group), monitored continuously blood lipids of 1005 cases at early pregnancy (12-14 weeks), Mid pregnancy (28-30 weeks), and late pregnancy (37-40 weeks). Total cholesterol TC, triglyceride TG, high density lipoprotein HDL and low density lipoprotein LDL were determined by use of Roche automatic biochemical analyzer. Statistical methods: Measured data were denoted by (±s); Compare means between experimental group and control group were detected by t’; Compare means among each experimental group were analyzed by means of analysis of variance. Results: 1. TC, TG and HDL level in different gestation period were significantly higher than that in Non-pregnancy; LDL level in early pregnancy was lower than that in Non-pregnancy. Comparisons between 12～14 weeks of gestation and Non-pregnancy: TC [(4.55±0.80)mmol/L and (4.1±0.75)mmol/L, t=－7.72, P,＜0.001], TG [(1.37±0.58)mmol/L and (0.89±0.15)mmol/L, t=－18.40, P,＜0.001], HDL [(1.84±0.37)mmol/L and (1.46±0.36)mmol/L, t=－15.43, P,＜0.001], LDL[(2.21±0.63)mmol/L and (2.40±0.64)mmol/L, t=4.68, P,＜0.001]. 2. TG [(1.37±0.58)mmol/L and (2.60±0.85)mmol/L and (3.18±1.10)mmol/L, F=35.96, P,＜0.001]. TC and TG level increased to the peak at late pregnancy; HDL level increased at early pregnancy, upped to the peak at Mid pregnancy, and fell down at late pregnancy; LDL level in Mid pregnancy was significantly higher than that in early pregnancy, and maintained at current levels to late pregnancy. Evaluation of different gestation period Comparison: TC [(4.55±0.80)mmol/L and (6.13±1.05)mmol/L and (6.33±1.16)mmol/L, F=1138.59, P,＜0.001], TG [(1.37±0.58)mmol/L and (2.60±0.85)mmol/L and (3.18±1.10)mmol/L, F=35.96, P,＜0.001], H [(1.84±0.37)mmol/L and (1.99±0.43)mmol/L and (1.91±0.42)mmol/L, F=759.57, P,＜0.001], LDL [(2.21±0.63)mmol/L and (3.44±0.89)mmol/L and (3.48±0.95)mmol/L, F=934.40, P,＜0.001]. 3. By comparing with the diagnostic criteria of Chinese adult hyperlipemia, it could be seen that TC: 45.77%, 53.63%, TG: 1.29%, 5.67%, HDL: 85.47%, 78.80%, LDL: 21.99%, 25.77% in Mid pregnancy and late pregnancy were high enough for a diagnostic criteria of adult hyperlipemia. Conclusion: Blood lipids in different gestation period were significantly higher than that in Non-pregnancy, the standard of Chinese adult hyperlipemia was not be for the pregnant.

[Ma Haihui, Li Nan, Dai Yujie, Yang Jie. Changes of Blood Lipid Level of Pregnant Women in Different Gestation Period. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):538-542] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.72

Keywords: Pregnancy; Blood Lipid

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Efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin -2 in the adjuvant treatment of relapsing infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis

Cui Deguang¹, Zhu Wenjuan²

¹ Infection Department, the General Hospital of Yima Coal Industry Group, Yima, Henan 472300, China

² the General Hospital of Yima Coal Industry Group, Yima, Henan 472300, China

Email：nsk2006@126.com

Abstract: Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-2 in the adjuvant treatment of relapsing infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 198patients with reactivation tuberculosis were randomly divided into the test group and the control group. The dosing regimen was anti-tubercular agents and recombinant human interleukin-2 in the test group, and only the anti-tubercular agents in the control group. Conventional dose of anti-tubercular agents according to the clinical application of recombinant human interleukin-2 is 200 000 units. Results: The rate of sputum negative conversion and rate of focus absorption in the test group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Although the rate of cavity closure in the test group is higher than the control group. Compared with the two groups the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The ratio of CD4 and CD4/CD8 in the test group increased significantly at the third, and eighth months after the treatment, and it had the statistical significance compared with the control group (P<0.05)．The level of soluble interleukin-2 receptors in the test group decreased significantly, and it had significantly differences compared with the control group (P<0.05)．No serious adverse events were reported in the two groups. Conclusions: Recombinant human interleukin-2 is safe and effective as adjuvant treatment of relapsing infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Cui Deguang, Zhu Wenjuan. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin -2 in the adjuvant treatment of relapsing infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Life Sci J 2014; 11(7):543-547] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.73

Keywords: recombinant human interleukin-2; relapsing pulmonary tuberculosis; sputum negative conversion; focus absorption; cavity closure; cellular immunity.

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Sender-receiver Reference Broadcast Synchronization

Shi Kyu Bae

Department of Computer Engineering, Dong Yang University, South Korea

skbae@dyu.ac.kr

Abstract: Time Synchronization Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks have been classified into two categories in terms of message flow; namely, Sender-receiver and Receiver-receiver. While Sender-receiver type has been used traditionally, RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization), the representative of Receiver-receiver approach, was developed to provide higher synchronization accuracy by removing the sender’s non-deterministic delay for the critical path, which approach has been referenced by so many other WSN synchronization schemes till now. However, RBS has limitations that it consumes too much energy to exchange large amount of messages and does not support an absolute global clock efficiently over an entire network. In this paper, we propose a new synchronization scheme to provide an absolute global clock for a network, which has RBS-like approach and less message exchange so as to reduce power consumption.

ShiKyu Bae. Sender-receiver Reference Broadcast Synchronization. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):548-552]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.74

Keywords: Time Synchronization; Wireless Sensor Network; Delay; Power Consumption.

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Software Development Method Using the Concurrency Control Approach Based on DEVS Simulation

Authors Yun Ho Kim, Yeong Rak Seong, and Ha Ryoung Oh

Department of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Korea

yeong@kookmin.ac.kr

Abstract: Since the test results may differ according to the motion orders of a thread even in the same situation, it is very difficult to develop multithread software. To address this problem, a software development method using a concurrency control approach based on a discrete event simulation is proposed here. Concurrency control refers to the pursuit of a management method to maximize the concurrent execution when it is necessary to handle many tasks underway at the same time, while maintaining the capabilities of the system. However, it would not be cost effective if, when testing the functions of software, changes are made to the thread’s concurrency by revising the software directly. This study shows the feasibility of effective concurrency control through the use of simulation. The proposed method, which is demonstrated with the development of navigation software, explains the process of software development.

[Authors Yun Ho Kim, Yeong Rak Seong, and Ha Ryoung Oh. Software Development Method Using the Concurrency Control Approach Based on DEVS Simulation. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):553-558]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.75

Keywords: modeling; simulation; concurrency control; DEVS formalism.

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Assessment of Human Robot Interaction-based R-learning Systems: A Preceding Study

Junseok Oh ¹, Hye-Kyung Cho ²

^1. Communications Policy Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120749, Republic of Korea

^2. Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 136792, Republic of Korea

hkcho@hansung.ac.kr

Abstract: With the development of information technologies, computers play an important role in education and have been widely used for after-school activities. The students are also able to use computer-aided learning content anytime and anywhere due to the development of computer network technologies. Recently, there are efforts in using robots as one of devices to assist learning activities. The r-learning system was developed for aiding students’ learning activities in this research. In order to improve the contents and responses of the r-learning system, it is necessary to conduct research to find the important factors that affect the intention to use the system. This paper shows the results of a preceding study to find important factors. The analysis result on the basis of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggests that the information technology level of users is a significantly important factor on the intention to use the r-learning system. This research is a preceding study and further analysis with other variables will be conducted in order to find the significant factors affecting the intention to use r-learning users.

[Junseok Oh, Hye-Kyung Cho. Assessment of Human Robot Interaction-based R-learning Systems: A Preceding Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):559-563] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.76

Keywords: Robot learning; R-learning; Technology acceptance model; Robot interaction.

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OpenSSD Platform Simulator to Reduce SSD Firmware Test Time

Taedong Jung, Yongmyoung Lee, Ilhoon Shin

Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, South Korea

Building 3,206, Seoul 139-743, South Korea

ilhoon.shin@snut.ac.kr

Abstract: Recently, NAND flash memory is widely used as storage media in various devices such as SD card, USB memory, and solid state drives (SSDs). NAND flash memory has different characteristics from hard disks, and thereby a firmware called flash translation layer (FTL) should be deployed to use traditional file systems on NAND flash memory. Because FTL majorly determines performance and stability of NAND-based block devices, various FTL schemes have been developed. However, their efficiency has been evaluated via simulation not on a real device, which restricts the reliability of the results. Recently, OpenSSD platform, which allows implementing a new FTL scheme on real NAND devices, was developed. By using it, evaluating the FTL performance on real NAND devices becomes possible. The problem is that it is difficult and time consuming to debug the new FTL on the OpenSSD platform. In order to address this, we design an OpenSSD simulator that helps find the bugs of FTL and reduces the test time. The FTL developed on the simulator can be migrated to the OpenSSD platform without additional porting.

[Taedong Jung, Yongmyoung Lee, Ilhoon Shin. OpenSSD Platform Simulator to Reduce SSD Firmware Test Time. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):564-568]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.77

Keywords: Bug detection, OpenSSD simulator, Flash translation layer, NAND flash memory.

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Knock Pattern Based Door Lock with Smart Phone Application

 Ahreum Lee, Sujung Yu, Yoseop Kim, Ilhoon Shin

Department of Electronic Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, South Korea, Building 3, 206, Seoul 139-743, South Korea. ilhoon.shin@snut.ac.kr

Abstract: Current digital door locks have a risk of being broken because they are exposed outside and damaged by the electric shock. In order to increase safety, this work proposes an unexposed door lock, which removes the keypad in the outside. Instead of the keypad, it recognizes knock pattern. Users can setup the password using the knock pattern, and by knocking the same pattern, the door is open. The door lock can communicate with the smart phone application, also. Users can open the door by inputting the knock pattern to the smart phone, and it further increases safety because it removes the knocking sound and the possibility of being overheard.

[Ahreum Lee, Sujung Yu, Yoseop Kim, Ilhoon Shin. Knock Pattern Based Door Lock with Smart Phone Application. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):569-575]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.78

Keywords: Door lock; knock pattern; android application.

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Quantification of Risk Factors for Osteoporosis using Thresholding Technique based on Trabecular Microarchitectures of the Proximal Femur

Ju Hwan Lee, Sung Yun Park, Jae Hoon Jeong, Sung Min Kim

Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 26, Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea

ykjhlee@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate how the threshold condition used in a bone density scan influences the morphological parameters and to find an optimal threshold for predicting osteoporosis. Experimental subjects comprised a total of 54 post menopausal women aged over 40 years, who were classified into two groups, 20 normal and 34 osteoporosis patients, according to their T-scores. Bone mineral density was measured on the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward’s triangle by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To set the threshold conditions, we employed a newly proposed thresholding method using thresholds ranging from 0 to 95% based on the trabecular bone area. We also selected seven evaluation parameters that composed of structural parameters, skeletonized parameters, and fractal dimension to evaluate the osteoporosis predictability. Based on the experimental results, we found that a threshold condition of 20% yields the most reliable predictability for osteoporosis. Quantitative evaluation also demonstrated that the statistical significances are weakened, as the threshold excessively increases.

[Lee JH, Park SY, Jeong JH, Kim SM. Quantification of Risk Factors for Osteoporosis using Thresholding Technique based on Trabecular Microarchitectures of the Proximal Femur. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):576-581] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.79

Keywords: Osteoporosis; BMD (Bone Mineral Density); trabecular bone; DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry); threshold.

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Enhanced Authentication for Self-organizing Software platform using Smart SSD

Im Y. Jung, Gil-Jin Jang, Jung-Min Yang

School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea

iyjung@ee.knu.ac.kr, gjang@knu.ac.kr, jmyang@ee.knu.ac.kr

Abstract: This paper proposes an enhanced biometric authentication using Smart SSD. In addition to data storing, almost all data processing, including feature extraction and feature matching, is performed in Smart SSD. Therefore, biometric authentication can be secure and efficient without biometric data leakage.

[Jung I, Jang GJ, Yang JM. Enhanced Authentication for Self-organizing Software platform using Smart SSD. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):582-587] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.80

Keywords: Biometric Authentication; Security Enhancement; Smart SSD; Self-organizing Software platform.

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Big Data Case Study: A Web-Log Based Framework for Analyzing the Use-Quality of a Website

Hyun-Ho Lee ¹, Jin-Chul Park ², Jong-Min Lee ², Nam-Hun Park ³, Won-Suk Lee ⁴

^1. Yeonsung University, Anyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

^2. Hanyang University, Ansan-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

^3. Anyang University, Anyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

^4. Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

hhlee@yeonsung.ac.kr

Abstract: One key element of assessing a website is to measure how much it is used by users. This paper proposes a framework of measuring the use-quality of a website by analyzing its web-log. A web-log is a representative type of big data, which is spotlighted as an important emerging issue. With the web-log of a website, metadata for its users and contents allows use-quality analysis from various viewpoints. As a big data case study, this paper describes the overview of how to process the web-log and metadata under the proposed framework. It describes web-log standardization, web-log DW model, knowledge repository, and the overall analysis workflow. In addition, it shows the actual case that analyzes the use-qualities of a few websites under the proposed framework.

[Hyun-Ho Lee, Jin-Chul Park, Jong-Min Lee, Nam-Hun Park, Won-Suk Lee. Big Data Case Study: A Web-Log Based Framework for Analyzing the Use-Quality of a Website. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):588-596] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.81

Keywords: big data; web-log; meta-data; use-quality; analysis framework; log DW.

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Association of Morphological Features with Hematocrit Levels in Korean Adults: Classification Approach using Machine Learning

Bum Ju Lee, Jong Yeol Kim

Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon 305-811, Republic of Korea

jupiter-lee@hanmail.net, bjlee@kiom.re.kr

Abstract: Iron deficiency, which is used to diagnose anemia, is often identified by the measurement of hematocrit levels, and hematocrit levels have been associated with specific morphological features. However, no studies have evaluated the best indicator for identifying hematocrit levels derived from morphological features using machine learning. The objectives of the present study were to identify the best indicator of hematocrit levels among several morphological features and to predict hematocrit levels using a combination of morphological features based on data mining techniques. A total of 1,838 subjects participated in this study. We used two machine learning algorithms, logistic regression (LR) and naive Bayes (NB) algorithms, to identify the best indicator among several morphological features. To overcome the class imbalanced problem and select important features, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique and wrapper-based variable selection were applied to the data set in prediction experiments using combined features. Among all individual features, the best indicator for predicting high and low hematocrit levels was age (p = <0.0001; OR = 0.352; AUC = 0.756 by naive Bayes and 0.759 by logistic regression), and among all morphological features, the strongest predictor was body weight (p = <0.0001; OR = 1.724; AUC = 0.639 by naive Bayes and 0.641 by logistic regression). For the combined features examined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the four models ranged from 0.745 to 0.789. The method using NB algorithm with wrapper-based variable selection showed the best predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.789; MCC = 0.445) and proved suitable for the prediction of low and high hematocrit levels; this method decreased the model complexity, resulting in the best prediction accuracy and providing the most cost-effective approach. The findings of the present study provide medical knowledge for primary screening and support the use of tools to predict hematocrit levels in both on-site and remote-site healthcare services.  

[Bum Ju Lee, Jong Yeol Kim. Association of Morphological Features with Hematocrit Levels in Korean Adults: Classification Approach using Machine Learning. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):597-601] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.82

Keywords: Hematocrit level; machine learning; morphological measurement; data mining; prediction.

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Metrics for Software Requirements Traceability based on Output Deployment from Software Quality Perspective

Chan Hoe Kim ¹, Jong Bae Kim ², Jung Won Byun ³

^1. Korea Forest Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Korea. chkim@forest.go.kr

^2. Graduate School of Software, Soong Sil Univ. Korea. kjb123@ssu.ac.kr

^3. Computer Science and Engineering, Soong Sil Univ, Korea. jimi010327@gmail.com

Abstract: Requirements management is a very important factor in the success of software. Especially, requirements traceability plays important roles in requirements engineering. We propose two metrics to evaluate whether a certain software is implemented in accordance with its requirements or not. Our paper has 16 software projects of several public organizations in South Korea as well as their results of statistical analysis. They are shown that our metrics are helpful to software and project quality.

[Chan Hoe Kim, Jong Bae Kim, Jung Won Byun. Metrics for Software Requirements Traceability based on Output Deployment from Software Quality Perspective. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):602-606]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.83

Keywords: Requirements traceability, Output Deployment, Software and Project quality.

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Motion-JPEG Compression based Wireless Video Transmitter and Receiver for Smart Vision Sensor Network

Won-Ho Kim, Hyun-Sul Lee, Nuwan Sanjeewa

Division of Electrical, Electronic, and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

whkim@kongju.ac.kr

Abstract: This paper presents design of a wireless video transmitter and receiver for wireless smart vision sensor network. It uses standard IEEE 802.11 b/g type 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi transceiver and the covering area is up to 100m. Furthermore the Motion-JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) technique is used for video data compression since Wi-Fi transmitter is unable to transmit raw data in real time and the designed system is capable of streaming at speed of 1Mbps. The system is designed with NTSC composite video input & output port. Also it consists of RS232 port for user data transmission.

[Won-Ho Kim, Hyun-Sul Lee, Nuwan Sanjeewa. Motion-JPEG Compression based Wireless Video Transmitter and Receiver for Vision Sensor Network. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):612-618] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.84

Keywords: Wireless video transmission; Motion-JPEG; Wi-Fi video transceiver.

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Motion-JPEG Compression based Wireless Video Transmitter and Receiver for Smart Vision Sensor Network

Won-Ho Kim, Hyun-Sul Lee, Nuwan Sanjeewa

Division of Electrical, Electronic, and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

whkim@kongju.ac.kr

Abstract: This paper presents design of a wireless video transmitter and receiver for wireless smart vision sensor network. It uses standard IEEE 802.11 b/g type 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi transceiver and the covering area is up to 100m. Furthermore the Motion-JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) technique is used for video data compression since Wi-Fi transmitter is unable to transmit raw data in real time and the designed system is capable of streaming at speed of 1Mbps. The system is designed with NTSC composite video input & output port. Also it consists of RS232 port for user data transmission.

[Won-Ho Kim, Hyun-Sul Lee, Nuwan Sanjeewa. Motion-JPEG Compression based Wireless Video Transmitter and Receiver for Vision Sensor Network. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):612-618] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.85

Keywords: Wireless video transmission; Motion-JPEG; Wi-Fi video transceiver.

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Design of an Android Real-Time Bus Location Provider

Gyeyoung Lee, Jaegeol Yim

Department of Computer Engineering, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, 780-714, Korea

{lky, yim}@dongguk.ac.kr

Abstract: An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an application that provides dynamic traffic information to users so that the users can make safer and smarter use of transport networks. Examples of information type provided by an ITS include: bus arrival information, route information, bus service information, allocation information, route arrival information, station arrival information, front and rear car interval, transit time, and so on. In order to identify vehicles and detect locations and speeds of vehicles, we have to install a lot of special equipments in an ITS. For example, road side equipments (RSE), automatic vehicle identification (AVI) systems, automatic vehicle locations (AVL) systems, trunked radio systems (TRS) are needed to be installed in an ITS. Consequently, the cost to implement and maintain an ITS is enormous. This paper introduces a design of an Android App system that provides bus location information. The structure of our system contains three components: service request client, location up-loader,  and a server. Design detail of the system is discussed in this paper.

[Hassanein M. K., M. A. A. Abdrabbo, A. A. Farag, S.M. Abolmaaty and A. A. Khalil. Application of Geographic Information Systems to produce descriptive maps for Poultry Farms in Egypt. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):619-625]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.86

Keywords: Bus arrival time; Smartphone; App; Intelligent Transportation System.

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A privacy-protected k-NN query processing algorithm based on Weighted Adjacency Graph for Location-based services

Hyunjo Lee, Taehoon Kim and Jae-Woo Chang

Department of Computer Engineering Chonbuk National University Jeonju, South Korea

{o2near, taehun3718, jwchang}@jbnu.ac.kr

Abstract: Due to the advances of mobile devices with GPS (Global Positioning System), a user’ privacy threat is increased in location based services (LBSs). So, in LBSs, it is important to process given queries efficiently while protecting users’ privacy with a low bandwidth usage. For this, a 2PASS was proposed to search k-nearest POIs by generating cloaking regions which can hide the actual user location and reduce the bandwidth consumption. However, this method suffers from privacy attack. Therefore, we, in this paper, propose a privacy-protected k-NN query processing algorithm based on Weighted Adjacency Graph for Location-based services. Our privacy-protected k-NN query processing algorithm can reduce bandwidth usages and efficiently support k-nearest neighbor queries without revealing the private information of the query issuer. With performance evaluation, we show that our scheme outperforms the existing one.

[Hyunjo Lee, Taehoon Kim and Jae-Woo Chang. A privacy-protected k-NN query processing algorithm based on Weighted Adjacency Graph for Location-based services. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):626-631]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.87

Keywords: Privacy threat; location-based services (LBS); location privacy; bandwidth; k-anonymity; k nearest neighbor query processing algorithm; weighted adjacency graph.

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Wrapper-based Feature Selection Using Support Vector Machine

Hwang, Young-Sup¹

^1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, Sunmoonro 221-70, Korea

young@sunmoon.ac.kr

Abstract: Features are measurable properties and used to classify patterns. When a feature set is large, we have to select a small feature subset, since the large feature set needs much computation time and has the problem of curse-of-dimensionality: when the dimensionality of feature set increases, the required sample size grows exponentially to train a classifier. Feature selection consists of two main procedures: subset generation and evaluation. The number of subsets grows exponentially when the number of set members increases. So, usual heuristic search methods are applied to generate subsets. Evaluation criteria to select a feature subset have been related to the training data. Such characteristics include relevance and redundancy with classes. But classifying new unseen patterns accurately is more important than classifying the trained data, which is called generalization capability. An improved feature selection method is proposed to improve the generalization capability. It uses wrapper-based feature selection and uses support vector machine as the wrapper. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce feature size and can improve the generalization capability.

[Young-Sup H. Wrapper-based Feature Selection Using Support Vector Machine. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):632-636] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.88

Keywords: Feature selection; wrapper; support vector machine; generalization.

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Adaptive Home Power Management for Real Time Home Management Systems

Kwang-il Hwangand Hyo-seong Kim

Department of Embedded Systems Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea

hkwangil@incheon.ac.kr

Abstract: Real-time pricing (RTP) enables to give consumers information about the actual cost of electricity at any given time, and electricity prices change from hour to hour. However, in order to cope well with RTP, a real-time home energy management system (HEMS) is required. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce an efficient HEMS architecture, and propose real-time home energy management and on-demand home power control. In addition, to reduce wireless standby power by idle listening, we also propose adaptive power listening (APL), which is capable of dynamically adapting listening interval according to varying electricity load. We also developed real-time HEMS test-bed. Through experiments, it is demonstrated that proposed HEMS with APL can guarantee high real time response ability despite standby power reduction.

[Kwang-il Hwang, Hyo-sung Kim. Adaptive Home Power Management for Real Time Home Management Systems. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):637-641] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.89

Keywords: Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS); Dynamic Pricing; Real-time pricing (RTP); Idle listening;

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©SDN-based Security in Virtualized Environments for Cloud Computing

Youngsang Shin, Kyungho Son, Haeryong Park

Information Security Group, Korea Internet & Security Agency, Seoul, South Korea

{ysshin, khson, hrpark}@kisa.or.kr

Abstract: SDN(Software-Defined Networking) is a next-generation networking technology that enables network path setting and control by software programming and entails efficient operation and management by separating the control plane and data plane. Recently, SDN has actively been deployed to virtualize networks for efficient network control and management in cloud environments, which have the characteristics of dynamic IT resource reallocation. This paper studies SDN-based security and analyzes its implication for SDN-based cloud environments. To overcome its limitation in a virtualized environment for a cloud datacenter, we propose a cooperation model between SDN-based and virtualization security to secure both of physical and virtual networks.

[Shin Y, Son K, Park H. SDN-based Security in Virtualized Environments for Cloud Computing. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):642-647] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.90

Keywords: SDN Security; Cloud Security; Virtualization Security; SDN; Cloud

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Grid-based Workflow System for Chronic Disease Study

Fawaz Al-Hazemi

Electrical Engineering Department, KAIST, SOUTH KOREA

fawaz@kaist.ac.kr, fawazhazemi@ieee.org

Abstract: Chronic disease is linked to patient’s’ lifestyle. Therefore, doctor has to monitor his/her patient over time. This may involve reviewing many reports, finding any changes, and modifying several treatments. One solution to optimize the burden is using a visualizing tool over time such as a timeline-based visualization tool. However, there was limitation of studying the diabetes patient’s history to find out what was the cause of the current development in patient’s condition. In this paper, we propose a workflow system based on the Grid-based Interactive Diabetes System (GIDS) to support bioinformatics analysis application for diabetes diseases. GIDS used an agglomerative clustering algorithm as clustering correlation algorithm.

[Fawaz Al-Hazemi. Grid-based Workflow System for Chronic Disease Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):648-650]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.91

Keywords: bioinformatics; data mining; data visualization.

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Automatic Extraction Method for Vehicle License Plate Areas that is Robust to Changes in License Plate Size

Byung Tae Chun

Computer System Institute, Hankyong National University, 327, Chungang-no, Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do, Korea

chunbt@hknu.ac.kr

Abstract: Recognition of vehicle license plates is applied in various fields, such as traffic control, unmanned tollgate and parking lot operation, and illegal vehicle control. For the unmanned management of vehicles, various license plate sizes should be accommodated. However, conventional studies have limitations in managing the variability of the license plate area.   In this paper, a method for extracting the vehicle license plate area for small to large license plates is proposed. A single image of a vehicle license plate is reduced and inputted in multiple steps using the pyramid technique, and then, the vehicle license plate areas extracted in stages are integrated in order to extract a candidate area of the vehicle license plate. When the license plate areas are integrated, they are first enlarged by applying reduction rates. A verification method for the candidate area is applied to the extracted candidate area in order to extract the final vehicle license plate area.   The test results indicate that the extraction process is performed effectively beyond the variability of license plate areas. The extraction rate of the vehicle license plate candidate text area is 100% and the extraction rate of the final license plate area through verification is 98%.

[Byung Tae Chun. Automatic Extraction Method for Vehicle License Plate Areas that is Robust to Changes in License Plate Size. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):651-655] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.92

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest.

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Mobile Colored Overlay and Application to Korean WRRT

Young Gun Jang

Department of Computer & Information Engineering, Chongju University, Chongju, Korea

ygjang@cju.ac.kr

Abstract: A colored overlay has been used as an assistive device to reduce or eliminate visual stress. Recently, a kind of mobile colored overlays has been developed for people with visual stress; however, it can’t be applied to all contents of its environment. In this paper, We implemented a mobile overlay application based on the Android operating system and it can be applied to not only all contents in the system but also external contents such as book using camera mode. We applied it as a tool to Korean Wilkins Rate of Reading Test. All participants in the test have used a film overlay for one month more. The participants who used the film overlay for most reading tasks showed highly significant increases in reading speed (averaging 16.8%) with their mobile overlay. The mobile overlay helps to increase reading speed for people with visual stress.

[Jang YG. Mobile Colored Overlay and Application to Korean WRRT. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):656-660] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.93

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest.

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Modified Semantic Classification for very large image database

Chang Min Park

School of Undeclared Majors, Youngsan University, Busan, Korea

cmpark@ysu.ac.kr

Abstract: Semantic indexing of images is an ongoing study. Recently many researchers in the field of image classification for indexing of the very large image databases are interested in object(s) in an image. Thus, for efficient image matching use the semantic gap between higher concept of users and low-level image features. In this paper, we present a modified semantic classification method of the object(s) into natural/artificial classes, which can be of great interest for semantic indexing applications processing very large image databases. We first show that the modified segmentation method of the color images with irregular textures based on the block homogeneity. These works based on small-size blocks the color histogram of each of which is computed preliminarily once. Thus it works fast but provides rough segmentation. And using the segmented image, we show that dominant orientation features in modified Gabor orientation energy map of artificial objects are very useful for discriminating them from natural objects. Such Gabor energy maps for artificial objects tend to have dominant orientation features through analysis of Gabor filtering results for many object images. Then a modified sum of sector power differences is proposed as a classification measure, which shows a classification accuracy of 90.7% in a test with 3,000 object images.

[Chang Min Park. Modified Semantic Classification for very large image database. Life Sci J 2014;11(7):661-665]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94. doi:10.7537/marslsj110714.94