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Molecular and Immunohistochemical Evidences for Cardiovascular Damage in Addition to Renal Toxicity of Cisplatin in Rats

Faheim E. Wehaish¹, Yousef Y. Elseady¹, Rasha M. Saleh¹ and Mohamed F. Elshal^2*

¹Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; ²Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat University, Sadat City, Egypt. Melshal2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Renal dysfunction is a well-known dose-limiting toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drug Cisplatin (CP). CP was also reported to trigger a degenerative process of endothelium that contributes to vascular abnormalities. We aimed to investigate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms contributing to cisplatin-induced vascular damage by evaluating mRNA expression of genes related to leukocytes adhesion (ICAM-1), inflammation (TNF-α and TNFR-1), oxidative stress (HO-1), and basement membrane molecules (desmin, and nephrin). Endothelial damage was evaluated in aorta sections by immunohistochemical staining with von Willebrand factor (vWF). Rats injected with CP (4 mg/kg) i.p. per week for 4 weeks showed significant deterioration in biomarkers of kidney and heart functions, increased oxidative stress (NO and MDA), and decreased antioxidant enzymes of kidney and heart tissue homogenates. CP-injected rats showed also a prominent increase in mRNA of the studied genes compared with control rats. CP-group also showed a significant decrease in vWf expression in aorta sections in comparison to aorta from healthy rats. In conclusion, our data indicated that cisplatin induces cardiovascular changes in addition to renal dysfunction, and that increased leukocytes adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammation may account for these abnormalities.

[Faheim E. Wehaish, Yousef Y. Elseady, Rasha M. Saleh and Mohamed F. Elshal. Molecular and Immunohistochemical Evidences for Cardiovascular Damage in Addition to Renal Toxicity of Cisplatin in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):1-8]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.01

Keywords: cisplatin, kidney, heart, aorta, vascular damage, gene expression, immunohistochemistry, oxidative stress, inflammation.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Egyptian Dental Undergraduates, Interns and Postgraduate Regard Biological Hazards and Radiologic Protection Techniques: A Questionnaire Based Cross-Sectional Study

Eman Arnout

Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain- Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

emanarnooo@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Dental Imaging has a benefit to patients; however, it carries a potential harm from being ionizing type of radiation. As the clinical year dental students, interns and dentists will be at risk from radiation hazards during their life, they should have thorough knowledge towards the biological hazards of x- ray and different protection protocols. Objectives: To assess and compare knowledge, attitude and perceptions (KAP) among Egyptian dental undergraduates, postgraduate and interns towards biological hazards of dental x- ray and appropriate radiographic protection techniques. Materials & Methods: The study participants included 152 subjects. This study was done via an online survey questionnaire which was sent by mail. The questions of the questionnaire were divided into three parts, 1^st part to classify them into undergraduate dental students, interns & post graduate dentist. The 2^nd part of questions was to asses KAP of x-ray biological hazards and the 3^rd part of questions was to asses KAP of radiographic protection techniques. Results: Among 152 participants were answered the questionnaire. They were classified to 33 Undergraduate, 44 Internships & 75 Postgraduate dentists.  Over all the correct response was ranged from 18.2%- 97% for the undergraduate dental students, 13.6- 88.6 % for the internships & from 21.6 %- 90.7% of post graduate dentists. A clear consensus was noticed among interns, undergraduate and postgraduate to almost all questions. Conclusion: The Knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) level regard the biological hazards effect of x- ray and different protection protocols were noted to be ranged from low to high in all groups. This outcome necessitates continual teaching to ensure maximum safety toward x- ray.

[EmanArnout. Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Egyptian Dental Undergraduates, Postgraduate and Interns Regard Biological Hazards and Radiologic Protection Techniques: A Questionnaire Based Cross-Sectional Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):9-16]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.02

Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Radiography, Protection, Hazards, Dentists

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Comparative study between cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a history of preterm birth and a sonographic short cervix: A randomized trial

Mohamed AbdElzaher¹, Mohamed Ali ¹ and Mohamed Bedewi²

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt),

² Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj-KSA)

drmohamednada@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth with a sonographic short cervix in the mid-trimester, singleton gestation and previous preterm birth. Study design: Women with high-risk factors for preterm birth (history of previous preterm labour/ second trimester loss [>16weeks or <37 weeks gestation], short cervical length (<25mm) on ultrasound at 16 to 24weeks gestation, and Previous prophylactic cervical cerclage) were screened through TVU (Transvaginal Ultrasound) of cervix every two weeks between 14 – 24 weeks. The eligible women with sonographic short cervix <25mm in the mid trimester, singleton gestation and previous spontaneous PTB <37 weeks of gestation were randomized either to cervical cerclage group (McDonald cerclage) or vaginal progesterone group (200mg vaginal progesterone suppository to be inserted at night. Treatment was continued until either delivery, 37 weeks of gestation or development of premature rupture of membranes. Primary outcome measure was PTB <34 weeks gestation. Result: One hundred women were assigned randomly. Both interventions were associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of preterm birth <34 weeks of gestation ((p=0.001).Comparing using cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone, showed that no statistical significant difference in reducing preterm birth or adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: It was concluded that the vaginal progesterone is effective as cervical cerclage in prevention premature labor but its use is preferable in clinical because it’s non-invasive technique and less cost. These results should be confirmed by large sample trial.

[Mohamed Abd Elzaher, Mohamed Ali and Mohamed Bedewi. Comparative study between cervical cerclage and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a history of preterm birth and a sonographic short cervix: A randomized trial. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):17-23]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.03

Keywords: preterm birth; progesterone; cervical cerclage; prevention; transvaginal ultrasound; short cervix

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Fast Neutrons Irradiation Induced Changes in Active Ingredients, Amino Acids and Chlorophyll Contents in Ambrosia Maritima (Damsisa) Influenced by Soil Water Stress.

Hanan Abdalla and Eman Selem

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

eman8_extra8@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of different doses of fast neutrons irradiation (0.0, 10⁵, 10⁷ and 10⁹ n/cm²) on damsin, ambrosin, amino acids and chlorophyll contents in damsisa plant grown under different levels of soil water holding capacity 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% (W.H.C). Irradiated and un-irradiated seeds were sown in pots containing sand-loamy soil. Also, a group of irradiated and un-irradiated seeds were sown in normal soils (100%, W.H.C.) serve as a control, pots irrigated with tap water until required field capacity. It was observed that, increasing soil water stress condition decreased ambrosin, damsin, chlorophyll contents and amino acids in damsisa shoots. But, proline concentration recorded an increase along with increasing water stress treatments. While, increasing fast neutrons irradiation dose until (10⁷ n/cm²) stimulate ambrosin, damsin, chlorophyll contents and amino acids in damsisa shoots grown under different soil water stress. The obtained result showed that uses fast neutrons irradiation at dose of 10⁷ n/m². accompanied with drought treatments would improve markedly the adverse effect of water stress on ambrosin, damsin, chlorophyll contents and amino acids in damsisa shoots.

[Hanan Abdalla and Eman Selem. Fast Neutrons Irradiation Induced Changes in Active Ingredients, Amino Acids and Chlorophyll Contents in Ambrosia Maritima (Damsisa) Influenced by Soil Water Stress. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):24-30]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.04

Key words: Ambrosia maritima, fast neutrons, water stress, ambrosin, damsin amino acids and chlorophylls.

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Chemical and remedial effects of purslane (portulaca oleracea) plant

Hanan A. Abd El-Aziz¹;Sobhy M.H.²;Kawkab A.Ahmed³; Azza K. Abd El hameed¹;Zeinab A. Rahman⁴and Wedad A. Hassan⁴

¹Food Technology Research Institute- Agricultural research center- Giza, Egypt

²Institute of African Research and studies, Department of Natural Resources- Cairo University

³Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine –Cairo University

⁴The National Organization for Drug Control and Research

ah_eid70@yahoo.com

Abstract: Portulaca oleracea referred to the common purslane considered one of the important unknown plants in Egypt. This study was carried out to investigate the biological, histopathological and anticancer effect of previous plant. Chemical composition (total acidity, protein, crude fiber, ash content, minerals, phenolic and flavonoids compounds were determined in aqueous extract of fresh plant and dried powder of portulaca oleracea. Infested rats by toxic hepatitis were feeding orally with aqueous extract compared with silymarin drug which led to prevent the increase of the serum hepatic enzyme level (ALP, AST and ALP), uric acid, nitric oxide, lipid profile and liver MDA. Antioxidant status in liver GSH were declined in rats treated with Ccl4 alone, increased after feeding orally. The histopathological examination of liver also showed that aqueous extract of portulaca oleracea reduced the incidence of liver lesions signs of hepatic toxicity and substantiates its use in various liver disorders as hepato protection. The results of anti-cancer activity showed the highest HEPG2 dead cell percentage by plant dried powder (0.547 liver cell of HEPG2) at concentration of 12.50 µg/ml. Increasing the concentration to 100 µg/ml the resulted in more higher percentage of HEPG2 dead cell (0.668) and the cytotoxic effect was determined with the Ic50 values of 17 µg/ml in HEPG2 cell line.

[Hanan A. Abd El-Aziz; Sobhy M.A.; Kawkab A. Ahmed; Azza K. Abd El hamed; Zeinab A. Rahman and Wedad A. Hassan. Chemical and remedial effects of portulacaoleracea plant. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):31-42]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.05

Key word Portulacaoleracea plant, Uric acid, nitric oxide, Lipid profile, Liver MDA and antioxidant status

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Topical issues of young people upbringing in the 21 st century

Nassimov Murat Orlenbaevich ¹, Ibadullaeva Saltanat Zharylkasynovna ², Auezova Nurkuigan Srazhadinovna ², Zhusupova Laila Azhibaevna ², Musabaeva Aigul Nazhimadenovna ²

¹ University «Bolashak», Abay avenue, 31, Kyzylorda, 120008, Kazakhstan

nasimov_m@mail.ru

² Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, Aiteke bie Street, 29 A, Kyzylorda, 120014, Kazakhstan

Abstract: One of the most fundamental functions of a nation-state is forecasting the development of all sectors of society. Forecasting the development of national science and education, comprehension of the conditions for upbringing of youth in the 21st century engenders a lot of drawbacks. While problems in the theory of education today cause a great interest among scientists and, character building issues are the subject of research after the collapse of the Union, many of the provisions are considered as previous theories of communist education, as it is difficult to determine goals of education with its contradictions in a modern society. The upbringing process is a system of training and formation of personality corresponding to socio-cultural regulatory models of social and cultural life. According to scientists consideration, upbringing is a mechanism ensuring the preservation of the population history. Upbringing is an integral part of pedagogic science.

[Nassimov MO, Ibadullaeva SZh, Auezova NS, Zhusupova LA, Musabaeva AN. Topical issues of young people upbringing in the 21 st century. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):43-47]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

6 . doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.06

Keywords: humanism, work, children, instructor, parenting styles, рaridigm of parenting, activity of mass media

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Effect of Meloxicam on Lipoxygenase Activity in Trachea, Skin, Stomach and Serum of Rabbits (in Vivo and in Vitro)

Nadia Z. Shaban¹* and Ahmed A. Abdul-Aziz²

¹Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

²Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

nshaban2001@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The effect of meloxicam (MLX: 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide.) on lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) in different tissues of rabbits in vitro and in vivo were studied. MLX (117 nM) inhibited trachea, skin, stomach and serum LOX enzyme activities in vitro with varying inhibitory degrees. The administration of MLX (0.214 mg/kg body mass/day for 7days) inhibited trachea, skin and stomach LOX activities. However, MLX had no effect on serum LOX activity. Linweaver-Burk plots showed that MLX inhibited LOX enzyme in vitro and in vivo by competitive inhibition manner. The values of Km and Vmax in the absence and presence of MLX were determined.

[Nadia Z. Shabanand Ahmed A. Abdul-Aziz. Effect of Meloxicam on Lipoxygenase Activity in Trachea, Skin, Stomach and Serum of Rabbits (in Vivo and in Vitro). Life Sci J 2014;11(6):48-55]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.07

Key Words:Lipoxygenase, Meloxicam, Arachidonic acid, Rabbit, Inhibition.

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Investigation of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Egypt with Emphasis on Some Viral and Bacterial Pathogens

Kawther S. Zaher¹, Sohier M. Syame¹, Hanan M. Elhewairy² and Hanan S.H. Marie¹

¹Microbiology and Immunology Department, National Research Center (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

² Immunology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt.

zaherkus@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) caused by various viral and bacterial agents. The current study is aiming to investigate some of the causative agents which considers being a major problem such as Bovine herpes virus-1(BHV-1), parainfluenza-3(PI-3), Bovine respiratory syncityal virus (RSV) and Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida). Blood samples were taken from 227 mature buffalo cows at Al Sharquia and Al Daqhaliya Governorates of Egypt. Dot ELISA, PCR and electron microscopy were performed to diagnose the viral agent and the nasal swabs were plated onto 5% sheep blood and MacConkey’s agar for 24 hrs at 37^◦C under aerobic conditions. The plates were examined for growth, colony morphology, colour and odour. Bacterial identification was performed by biochemical testing to identify P. multocida and/or M. haemolytic. Results diagnosed BRDC in 40.53% buffalo cows. Infected animals showed clear clinical signs of the disease only in 25.99% animals, while 66.96% of these animals did not show any signs. 16.74% of animals showed signs of BRDC revealed more than one sign. Dot ELISA revealed that 14.54% of serum and nasal swabs samples from apparently healthy Buffalo-cows were positive for BRDC. However, 100% of the samples collected from animals showing the disease symptoms contained BRDC. PCR was confirmatory test and detected higher incidence as compared to Dot ELISA in both BRS and BVD samples and significant (P< 0.05) incidence in BHV-1 and PI-3 samples 15 and 29% in PCR compared to 11 and 25% in Dot-ELISA, respectively. Electron microscopic examination showed the same morphology and approximate size of each virus. The bacterial inoculation isolated Pasteurella (n = 32) and Mannheimia (n = 15), while biochemical testing identified P. multocida M. haemolytic. The most observed result was the frequent association between BVD with M. haemolytica (n = 7) followed by PI-3 with P. multocida (n = 6), BHV-1 with P. multocida (n=5), BHV-1 with M. haemolytica (n= 5), BRSV with PI-3 (n = 5) and the BRSV-PI-3 (n = 5). In the case of triple infections (15/92), the interaction between BRSV- PI-3 and P. multocida was observed in four cases, then the association between BHV-1 and PI-3 P. multocida (n=2), while association of BRSV-P. multocida and M. haemolytica as well as PI-3- P. multocida- M. haemolytica and BRSV- BVD - P. multocida was observed once.  

 [Zaher, K.s., Sohier M. Syame, Hanan M. Elhewairy and Hanan S.H. Marie. Investigation of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Egypt with Emphasis on Some Viral and Bacterial Pathogens. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):56-62]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.08

Keywords: BRDC, BHV-1, PI-3, BVD, P. multocida, M. haemolytica

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Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in some animals suspected to be competent reservoirs in Taif district, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mohamed W. Ghafar^{1, 2} and Mohammed Y. Shobrak³

¹Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, KSA

²Zoonoses Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt

³Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, KSA

mohamedghafar@hotmail.com

Abstract: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. The pathogen utilizes cattle, sheep, goats, and wide variety of animal species as reservoirs and members of genus Ixodes tick as vectors. Although conditions for transmission of the agent in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia do exist, there is no work of any kind was done to address the existence and epidemiology of the disease in the country. The objectives of this study are to molecularly detect and characterize A. phagocytophilum in some animals suspected to be competent reservoirs in Taif district, KSA. DNA was extracted from EDTA whole-blood samples from 44 dromedary camels, 20 cattle, 50 sheep, 5 desert foxes (Vulpes rueppellii), and 10 Dabb lizards (Uromastyx ornata). For screening purposes, PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene using the common primer pair ECC and ECB was conducted to all samples. All purified DNA preparations were also tested using heminested (targeting 16S rRNA gene) and standard (targeting msp4 gene) species-specific PCR. All animals were negative to A. phagocytophilum while the prevalence of unidentified species belonging to family Anaplasmataceae, when common primers were used, was 95.5%, 95%, 100%, 80%, and 100% for camels, cattle, sheep, foxes, and Dabb lizards respectively. To confirm our results that tested animals do not harbor A. phagocytophilum while other related organisms do exist, we had selected some cattle samples that yielded positive in screening PCR for downstream sequencing experiment. Purified double stranded DNA from the agarose gel of selected samples was subjected to bidirectional sequencing. Partial 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that cattle residing Taif district are infected with 2 strains of Anaplasma spp. closely related to A. marginale (99% identity). In conclusion, this study is considered not only the first molecular survey of A. phagocytophilum in the kingdom, but also the first report that molecularly addressed existence of A. marginale in cattle from KSA. Extensive molecular surveys are needed to address the prevalence and geographical distribution of A. marginale in cattle from all-over the country. Moreover, additional sequencing and species-specific PCR experiments are needed to elucidate the molecular identity of the organisms detected when common primers were used.

[Mohamed W. Ghafar and Mohammed Y. Shobrak. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in some animals suspected to be competent reservoirs in Taif district, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):63-69]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.09

Keywords: Anaplasma phagocytophilum; 16S rRNA gene; msp4 gene; Molecular characterization; PCR; Domestic animals; Wild animals; Anaplasma marginale; Cattle; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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The diversity of lactic acid bacteria in oat samples obtained from Tibetan Plateau

Miao Zhang¹, Ya Li¹, Yanping Wang¹, Zhongfang Tan^*1, Haoxin Lv¹, Huili Pang¹, Yimin Cai², Zongwei Li¹, Zhen Jiao¹ and Qingsheng Jin³

¹ Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.

² Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan.

³ Institute of Crops and Utilization of Nuclear Technology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.

* tzhongfang@sina.com

Abstract: Thirty-three representative strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from oat samples including nonirrigated, wild and irrigated land, and soil samples gathered round the rhizosphere of oats in eleven areas of the Tibetan Plateau. They were identified on species and subspecies level by morphological and biochemical characters, and the phylogenetic affiliations of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The representative isolates were divided into eleven groups (A-K). Twenty-three representative strains belong to the four genus next: Leuconostoc, Wesissella, Lactococcus and Enterococcus, which were isolated from nonirrigated oat and soil samples in seven different regions. Five representative strains isolated from oat and soil samples in wild land of three areas belong to three genus including Leuconostoc, Leuconostoc and Wesissella. Moreover, five representative isolates from oat sample in irrigated land belong to two genus including Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, whereas no strains were isolated from the soil sample of irrigated land. The study indicates that human cultivation practices caused some differences in the amount and species of LAB strains that isolated from oat samples. There is some correlation between the distribution of LAB and the human activities.

[Miao Zhang, Ya Li, Yanping Wang, Zhongfang Tan, Haoxin Lv, Yimin Cai, Zongwei Li, Zhen Jiao and Qingsheng Jin. The diversity of lactic acid bacteria in oat samples obtained from Tibetan Plateau. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):70-78]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.10

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, 16S rRNA gene, recA gene, PC

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A case of pancreatic head hydatid cyst with multiple retention cysts of pancreatic body and tail

Ren jianjun, Qiao jianliang, Zhang junjing, Niu jianxiang, Meng Xingkai

Department of general surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical University affiliated hospital, 1# Channel north street, Huimin District, Hohho 010050, China.

Email: meng_xkai@163.com

Abstract: Pancreatic hydatid cyst is a type of chronic endemic worm disease which is caused by canine tapeworm metacestode Larva. Most patients have only one organ involvement, and more than 2/3 patients have only one cyst. In this research, the patient, male, 56 years old, Han nationality, repeated bdominal pain for one year and aggravated in recent two months, loss weight recently (specifically unknown), was studied. our case is special and the pancreatic hydatid is too rare, the doctors didn’t think the results.

[Ren jianjun, Qiao jianliang, Zhang junjing, Niu jianxiang, Meng xingkai. A case of pancreatic head hydatid cyst with multiple retention cysts of pancreatic body and tail. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):80-81]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.11

Keywords: head hydatid cyst, multiple retention cysts, pancreatic body and tail

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Multi-Criteria Approach for Customer Trust Model in Internet Banking: A Case of UTM CIBM Bank

Komeil Raisian ¹, Amin Minouei¹, Arash Khosravi ¹, Ahmad Hashemi ², Mehrbakhsh Nilashi ¹, Othman Ibrahim ¹_, Rozana Zakaria ^3.*, Mojtaba Nazari ⁴

^1. Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

^2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

^3. Department of Structures and Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

^4. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

E-mail: rozana@utm.my

Abstract: One of the critical factors having influence on accomplishment of internet banking services is the trust of the customer. To achieve customer trust depends on different factors that internet banking struggle to control. The purpose of this research is to clarify the particular interrelationships existing between customer's online trust and other associated variables such as satisfaction, loyalty, competence, integrity and benevolence. In addition, a model of consumer's trust in internet banking which depends on the investigation regarding previous studies has been developed. To examine the model a type of descriptive survey is applied. According to similar studies already done, the survey sample population is selected equal with 318 that is randomly obtained from students in UTM. By testing the correlation, the results of study indicated that most of UTM students are satisfied with internet banking services. Furthermore, the results showed that the trust correlation with satisfaction, competence, loyalty, benevolence and integrity is positive. Moreover, from the multi-criteria perspective, we evaluated the incorporated factors in the developed model and ranked them by TOPSIS method. By TOPSIS the weight of ranking for loyalty, satisfaction, benevolence, competence and integrity were 0.25, 0.213, 0.201, 0.184 and 0.152. We hope the current study could be helpful to eliminate the problems existing around sensitive subject of the trust.

[Komeil R, Minouei A, Khosravi A, Hashemi A, Nilashi M, Ibrahim O, Zakaria R, Nazari M. Multi-Criteria Approach for Customer Trust Model in Internet Banking: A Case of UTM CIBM Bank. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):81-93]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.12

Keywords: Trust; Internet Banking; Critical Factors; Customer; TOPSIS

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Historical Development of Political Counseling

Nassimov Murat Orlenbaevich ¹, Dosmanbetov Dinar Bakbergenovich ¹, Dosmanbetova Saltanat Bayanbaevna ¹, Nassimova Gulnar Orlenbaevna ², Paridinova Botagoz Zhapparovna ¹

¹University «Bolashak», Abay Avenue, 31, Kyzylorda, 120008, Kazakhstan

nasimov_m@mail.ru

²Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract:  General political counseling is deeply needed to study as newly formed interesting science and a type of business. It does not only study the technologies of preparing specialists who consults the person  eager to reach high state rank but forms its own methods of giving advice. Otherwise we are to know the significance of political consultants’ responsibility in front of the society. It is known that nowadays the political consultants have power in the society. Today the necessity of such specialists is noticed at presidential administration, cabinets of ministry and political parties of many countries. Their main work is to analyze the current events, to systematize the possible measures of its development, to prepare offers directed to assist them. It is clear the politicians act by political counseling at the age of information.

[Nassimov MO, Dosmanbetov BS, Dosmanbetova SB, Nassimova GO, Paridinova BZh. Historical Development of Political Counseling. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):94-97]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.13

Keywords: political technologies, shaman, priest, astronomer, poet, zhyray (singer), philosopher.

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Causes of Re-admission in Medical ward within 30 days of discharge among hospitalized Saudi and Non-Saudi patients

Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed¹ and Sami M Bahlas²

¹Consultant physician King Abdulaziz University, Department of Medicine Jeddah-Saudi Arabia

²King Abdulaziz Université, Jeddah, Saudi arabia

miamoona@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hospital readmissions within 30 days of initial discharge occur frequently. In studies of elderly patients receiving Medicare, readmissions have been associated with poor-quality inpatient care, ineffective hospital-to-home transitions, patient characteristics, disease burden, and socioeconomic status. Among adult family medicine patients spanning a wide age range, we hypothesize that previous hospitalizations, length of stay, number of discharge medications, medical comorbidities, and patient demographics are associated with a greater risk of hospital readmission within 30 days. A retrospective case-control study of 253 family medicine inpatients was conducted to determine the factors associated with 30-day re-admission. Odds ratio and one sample T-test were computed to determine the risk factors for unscheduled re-admittance. The results indicated that Patients who were admitted again in 30 days had additional related morbidities (2.1 vs 1.2; P < .0001), and the characteristic associated morbidities of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary ailment, presence of a psychiatric disorder and recent cancer were all additionally widespread amongst cases. Also the study results indicated that unscheduled re-admittance is related to patient’s features. Patients with heart disease, cancer, pneumonia, septicaemia and liver diseases were more prone to admitted again. The proportion of re-admittance was associated with extended stay in the hospital, increased morbidity rate and hospital expenses.

[Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed and Sami M Bahlas. Causes of Re-admission in Medical ward within 30 days of discharge among hospitalized Saudi and Non-Saudi patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):98-104]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.14

Keywords: Re-admission, Medical ward, Saudi and Non-Saudi patients

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Phosphatidylserine induced up-regulation of Cluster Differentiation 36 and 47 on red cell membrane

Hisham Waggiallah¹, Hussam Baghdadi¹, Hassan Hemeg¹, Hani Ozbek¹, Babikir Ahmed², Ahmed Mohamed¹

¹Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Applied Science, Taibah University, P.O Box 3001, Almadenah Almonawarah, Saudia Arabia.

²Scientific Affairs, Sudanese Council for Medical Specialties, Khartoum, Sudan.

Corresponding email: hishamwagg30@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the expression of CD36 and CD47 on red cell membrane following perturbation of red cell membrane with phosphtidylserine (PS). Materials and Methods: Blood was drawn from 100 healthy adults; Incubation of RBCs with different serial concentrations of PS was carried out at 37°C for 72 hrs. All tubes were washed followed by addition of CD36-FITC and CD47-FITC antibodies, Cells were analyzed for the expression of CD markers using the FACS analyzer. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: were obtained by using student T .test. Result: CD36 expression is directly proportional to PS serial dilutions; however the expression of CD47 is raised in the last three higher concentrations. Conclusion: We conclude that CD47 has been shown to inhibit phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, whilst CD36 responsible of recognition of red cell by macrophage and accelerating engulfing process PS induced up regulation of CD36 and CD47 which may encourage their conversed action and participate in keeping red cell as much as normal in diseases associated with high concentration of PS.

[Waggiallah H, Baghdadi H, Hemeg H, Ozbak H, Mohamed B, Ahmed A. Phosphatidylserine induced up-regulation of Cluster Differentiation 36 and 47 on red cell membrane. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):105-109]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.15

Keywords: Phosphatidylserine, CD36, CD47, Red cell membrane.

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Improving some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Solidago canadensis "Tara" using CYCOCEL and Planting Density under Drip Irrigation and Lighting Systems

Amira R. Osman

Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Damanhour University, Egypt

osmanami1@hotmail.com

Abstract: Solidago canadensis L.cv. "Tara" belongs to family Asteraceae and grows as wild flower in North America, Asia and Europe. It is widely used as a landscaping flowering plant, as an excellent cut flower for arrangements and bouquets with high post harvest durability and as a dried flower. The present investigation was conducted in two successive seasons, started in February 2012 and ended in July of the same year and repeated during the same period of time in 2013, in Meniat bani Mansour village, Etey Ellbaroud, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt (30" 54' 34, 87" N and 30" 42' 33, 78" E) in an open private commercial field provided with drip fertigation and lighting system. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to determine the response of S. canadensis L.cv. "Tara" to six cycocel (CCC) concentrations (control zero, 500, 1000, 1500, 2500 and 3500 ppm) as foliar spray, two planting densities (20 and 40 plants m^-2) and interactions between them in an attempt to increase its landscape value, its quality as a cut flower production for reaching the maximum export value as well as increasing offsets production as a vegetative propagation method under Egyptian conditions. The results revealed that stem height, stem circumference, fresh and dry weight, number of leaves plant^-1, total leaves area plant^-1, inflorescence length, percentage inflorescence length stem^-1, number of flowering branches inflorescencestem plant^-1, flowering branches length inflorescence^-1, vase life, total chlorophyll and carotene contents of leaves increased significantly by reducing planting density. While, significant delay from (121 to 127 days) in flowering occurred due to increasing planting density. Applications of (2500 and 3500ppm) CCC significantly decreased stem height, while application of (3500ppm) CCC significantly increased stem circumference, fresh and dry weight, number of leaves plant^-1, total leaves area plant^-1, inflorescence length, percentage inflorescence length stem^-1, number of flowering branches inflorescencestem plant^-1, flowering branches length inflorescence^-1, vase life, number of offsets plant^-1, total chlorophyll and carotene. With respect to almost all characteristics, we can recommend that the best results were recorded in plants treated by combination of CCC at 3500 ppm with 20 plants m^-2.

[Amira R. Osman. Improving some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Solidago canadensis "Tara" using CYCOCEL and Planting Density under Drip Irrigation and Lighting Systems. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):110-118]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.16

Key words: Solidago canadensis, Density, chlormequat (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, lighting, drip irrigation.

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Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation

Mohamad Abou ¹, Sameeha Raad ², Sareefa AlHazmi ³

^1. Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt,

^2. Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia,

^3. Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.

abdella_777@yahoo.com, saraad@uqu.edu.sa, sehazmi@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract:: In this work, we derived a Fredholm-Volterra integral equation (F-VIE) of the second kind from the plane strain problem of the bounded layer medium composed of three different materials. These different materials contain a crack on one of the interface. In addition, the existence of a unique solution of F-VIE is considered in the space . The integral equation is solved by using quadratic method to obtain SFIEs. Then, we used two direction, the first direction, is by removing the singularity and using Legendre polynomials. While the other, by using Toeplitz matrix method (TMM) and product Nystrom method (PNM). Finally, numerical examples are considered and the estimate error, in each case, is compared between the three methods.

[Mohamad Abou, Sameeha Raad, Sareefa AlHazmi. Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):119-125]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.17

Keywords: Fredholm-Volterra integral equation, Cauchy kernel, series method, Toeplitz method, Nystrom method, orthogonal polynomials, linear algebraic system.

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Predicting Surface Ozone Concentrations using Support Vector Regression

Hossam Faris ¹, Nazeeh Ghatasheh ², Ali Rodan ¹, Mua’ad Abu-Faraj ³

^1. King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

^2. Department of Business Information Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Systems, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan

^3. Department of Computer Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Systems, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan

hossam.faris@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Ozone layer diminution has been one of the major environmental problems so far. Such problem calls for a reliable monitoring mechanism to aid the strategic long-term remedy. However, it is challenging to develop a reliable prediction model due to the complexity of the relationships among the main attributes involved. Therefore, the causal attributes to the problem require an innovative modeling scheme. In this study we will investigate the application of support vector Regression (SVR) for predicting the surface Ozone concentrations. Several SVR models were developed using different kernel functions. The developed prediction models are based on limited number of input attributes which are atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and Nitrogen-dioxide. Apart from the complexity of the adopted approach, models are evaluated and compared using different measurement criteria.

[Faris H., Ghatasheh N., Rodan A., Abu-Faraj M. Predicting Surface Ozone Concentrations using Support Vector Regression. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):126-131]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.18

Keywords: Ozone; Genetic Programming; Neural networks; Support Vector Machines; Modeling; Prediction

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Comparable efficacy and good tolerability of 2-weekly vs 3- weekly docetaxel in castrate resistant metastatic prostate cancer

Amr Ghannam, M.D. and Rasha abdel-Ghany M.D.

Department of Clinical Oncology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt

amro_ghannam@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Docetaxel administered every 3 weeks is the standard treatment protocol for patients with metastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer. In a prospective, phase 3 study, we try to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the 2-weekly administration of docetaxelas an alternative in case of intolerance to the 3-weekly regimen. Methods: Eligible patients had advanced prostate cancer (metastasis, a prostate-specific-antigen test result of more than 10.0 ng/mL, and WHO performance status score of 0–2), chemotherapy-naive, had undergone surgical or chemical castration, with adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function and had been referred to a treatment center in Tanta university hospital. Enrolment and treatment were done between June 2010 and November 2012. Patients were assigned 75 mg/m² docetaxel intravenously on day 1 of a 3-week cycle, or 45 mg/m² docetaxel intravenously on days 1 and 15of a 4-week cycle. 10 mg oral prednisolone was administered daily to all patients. The primary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTTF). Results: Twenty one patients were randomly assigned to the 2-weekly docetaxel group and 22 to the 3-weekly group and were included in the analysis. The 2-weekly administration was associated with non significant longer TTTF than was 3-weekly administration (5.8 months, 95% CI 3.9 –7.6 vs4.5 months, 2.6–6.3; p=0.568). In general, toxicities were similar between both arms. Thirty three percent of patients in the 2-weekly group and 45% in the 3-weekly group had grade 3–4 neutropenia (p=0.41). Patients who received 3-weekly docetaxel had more frequent neutropenic infections and nausea than did those who received 2-weekly docetaxel. Severe adverse events were seen more frequently in the 3-weekly docetaxel group than in the 2-weekly docetaxel group but without statistically significant difference (e.g. infections with neutropenia: p=0.62). There was no grade 3/4 neuropathy. Conclusion: The 2-weekly docetaxel regimen seems to be well tolerated in patients with castration resistant advanced prostate cancer and is a feasible option for men who present with comorbidities and who are judged unlikely to tolerate large single doses of docetaxel.

[Amr Ghannam.and Rasha abdel-Ghany. Comparable efficacy and good tolerability of 2-weekly vs 3- weekly docetaxel in castrate resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):132-139]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.19

Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Docetaxel, Castration resistant.

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What approach can we develop to improve creativity in design?

Abeer A Alawad, HND, BA (hons), MA, PhD

Department of Housing, track of Interior Design and Furniture, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University.

aalawad@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Visual inspiration is a relatively well-understood and effective approach to sharing and developing creativity.  This research project is concerned with how designers can draw inspiration from nature and how nature can affect and help develop creativity and make conceptual design decisions. In particular, the premise of this research project developed from experience and understanding of teaching undergraduate interior design students. The researcher wanted to explore new and innovative approaches to develop and share creativity.  The research methods used involved an independent measures design consisting of thirty, year one, undergraduate interior design students. This group of students was presented with a lecture on the specific topic of inspiration transmitted through the study of nature. Subsequently, all students who attended the lecture were then asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their understanding of the importance of this area of study and whether learning more about this topic would help their own creativity and design decisions. The findings revealed that the majority of students found that this lecture fascinated them; helped to broaden their thinking and impacted their creative design and processes. The students also stated their desire to see this topic included on the undergraduate specification as a core module of teaching.  Practical recommendations from this research include the need to establish and impart a core teaching module that focuses on inspiration transmitted through nature; as the findings revealed that students were interested in this topic as an aid to the development of their designs. Furthermore, it is clear that the study of nature can be a source of inspiration for the whole generation and perhaps it should even be introduced into the curriculum at an earlier age possibly during elementary school. A meditation and awareness of nature can be a source of perpetual creative inspiration, which can benefit society as a whole. It is hoped that this approach could be widely applied in classroom practice and stimulate improvements in pedagogical practices.

[Abeer A Alawad. What approach can we develop to improve creativity in design? Life Sci J 2014;11(6):140-146]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.20

Key words: Biomimicry, Interior Design, Visual Inspiration, Creativity.

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Role of Molecular Techniques in Characterization of Bacteria Causing Pneumonia in Small Ruminants

A.S. Hakim¹, M. A. Bakry¹, Nagwa, S. S. Ata¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza

² Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sheep and goats are important agricultural animals in many developing countries which can compensate the shortage in cattle and buffaloes meat production besides wool and fiber. The most important reason of the sheep and goats losses is pneumonia in a percentage of 24-51% which causes economic losses from fatal pulmonary infections and impairment animal performance. Pneumonia could be occurred due to many fastidious bacterial pathogens, therefore the conventional methods for isolation and identification of these bacteria are useless. Nucleic acid-based assays have been established as gold standard for precise molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship within the family as well as on subspecies level. For instance; the 16S rDNA gene sequencing has been revealed that many isolates previously classified as ‘‘Mannheimia haemolytica’’ were Mannheimia glucosidal or Mannheimia ruminalis. Genomic subtraction studies identify a unique chromosomal region has successfully been used to detect Pasteurella multocida from suspected samples. Phylogenetic relationships of representative sheep and goat P. multocida serotype B: 2 isolates revealed two polymorphic sites were present in goat isolate vs one in sheep isolate. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) can be reliably used on mycoplasmas growing in culture even in the presence of bacterial contamination. The restriction enzyme analysis of rpoB gene may be useful to differentiate ovine strains from bovine strains of Histophilus somni, 16S rDNA gene amplification of Helcococcus ovis strain isolated from goat revealed that the nucleotide sequence matched 96%identity with that isolated from sheep. The molecular characterization can be used for early detection and precise discrimination of fastidious pathogens phylogeny as well as virulence genes as a future step for vaccine preparation.

[A.S. Hakim, M. A. Bakry, Nagwa, S. S. Ata and Mona S. Zaki. Role of Molecular Techniques in Characterization of Bacteria Causing Pneumonia in Small Ruminants. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):147-153]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.21

Keywords: Sheep and goats - pneumonia – Molecular - PCR- Mannheimia haemolytica - Pasteurella multocida - mycoplasmals- Histophilus somni - Helcococcus ovis

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Role played by Gene Factor in Initiation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance

M. A. Bakry¹, A.S. Hakim¹*, Nagwa, S. Ata¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza.

² Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza.

migris410@yahoo.com

Abstract: The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotics have different mechanisms of action; interference with cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, interference with nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of a metabolic pathway, and disruption of bacterial membrane structure. Antibiotic resistance bacteria may be intrinsic or acquired. In the case of intrinsic resistance, bacterial strains are inherently resistant to a certain compound while acquired resistance occurs by mutation and/or horizontal gene transfer events. The main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer are conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Acquired resistance genes may enable a bacterium to produce enzymes that destroy the antibiotics, to express efflux systems that prevent the drug from reaching its intracellular target, to modify the drug’s target site, or to produce an alternative metabolic pathway that bypasses the action of the drug. This review article focused on some resistant pathogens such as, the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, the resistant Pasteurella multocida is due to enzymes conferring β- lactamase resistant, multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that occurs by different ways, as well as the intrinsic drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

[M. A. Bakry, A.S. Hakim, Nagwa, S. Ata and Mona S. Zaki. Role played by Gene Factor in Initiation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):154-160]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.22

Keywords: Antibiotics resistance bacteria- VRSA- MRSA-Escherichia coli- Pasteurella multocida - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Mycobacterium tuberculosis-MDR.

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A Study of Jordanians’ Television Viewers Habits

Hani H. Al-Dmour ¹ , Muhammad Alshurideh ², Sa'ad Salehih ³

^1.Marketing Department – Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan. Amman Jordan, E-mail: dmourn@ju.edu.jo

^2. Marketing Department – Faculty of Business, The University of Jordan. Amman Jordan, E-mail: m.alshurideh@ju.edu.jo

^3.Engineering Department -The University of Jordan, Amman Jordan, E-mail: mtraji@yahoo.com

Abstract This paper presents the results of a field study that was carried out to explore Jordanians’ television viewers’ habits. The study classified the viewers into three groups: viewers of terrestrial channels only, viewers of satellite channels only, and viewers of both terrestrial and satellite channels. The results of the study showed that all three groups had similar household size, education level, and similar preference towards watching Children, Family, Movies, and News channels. The study found that there is a significant percentage that statistical difference between the three groups in terms of the household income, and preference towards viewing Religion, Sports, Music, and Business channels. Furthermore, the study assesses the level of satisfaction with current TV services available to Jordanians. It was found that about 70% of the respondents are satisfied with current satellite channels that they receive, while only 25% of the respondents are satisfied with the current terrestrial channels they receive. Finally, the study investigates the probability of Jordanians subscribing to Paid-TV services, and found out that about 19% of the respondents are likely to subscribe to pay-tv.

[Hani H. Al-Dmour, Muhammad Alshurideh, Sa'ad Salehih. A Study of Jordanians’ Television Viewers Habits. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):161-170]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.23

Keywords: TV viewing preference; Jordan; Terrestrial Channels; Satellite TV; Pay-TV

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Emotional Facial Expressions, Eye Behaviors, Lips Synchronization: Current and Future Direction

¹Itimad Raheem Ali, ²Ahmad Hoirul Basori, ³Ghazali Sulong

^*1, Corresponding Author PHD Researcher in UTM Vicube Lab, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, weffee@yahoo.com

²UTM Vicube Lab, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Interactive Media and Human Interface Lab., Department of Informatics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia, uchiha.hoirul@gmail.com

³UTM VicubeLab, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Ghazali@spaceutm.edu.my

Abstract: In facial animation, the research trend is an eye gaze and voice modeling. However, the incorporation of eye movement, lip synchronization, and facial expression are necessary for a more realistic face model. This paper provides a thorough survey of facial animation with respect to eye movement, lip synchronization, and facial expression research. The significance of this survey paper is to provide a review of existing literature, giving insight to various approaches that have been proposed for problems in facial realistic modeling. More also, this survey is to open-up a new research direction in facial animation.

[Itimad Raheem Ali,  Ahmad Hoirul Basori,  Ghazali Sulong. Emotional Facial Expressions, Eye Behaviors, Lips Synchronization: Current and Future Direction. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):171-181]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.24

Keywords: Realistic modeling; facial expression; Eye movement; Lip synchronization; Emotion.

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Distribution of Poaceae, Chenopodiceae, Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae Plant Families in Fars, Iran

An Application of GIS in Plant Systematic and Conservation

Marjan Jafarpour¹, M. Manohar. ^2*

^1,2Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

¹. Marjan.jafarpoor@gmail.com

*²Corresponding author: mano@upm.edu.my

Abstract: Several worldwide priority area proposals have been developed, but local considerations are necessary to identify priority areas for conservation within these regions. Then the list of plant species developed to use as conservation characteristics that complemented the Land cover data, as it is supposed that many species would be automatically conserved by protecting their associated land cover types. There is a large amount of species richness due to geological, soil and climatic variation in Fars, Iran and a majority of these species have not been identified. The species were identified using Floras, monographs and available articles. The endemic species and the regions of high species richness of these four families were reported. Results indicated that the four plant families have in total, 126 genera and 265 species, where eight species were endemic. The Poaceae family has 90 genera and 170 species; five of them are endemic. The Chenopodiceae family has 29 genera and 76 species; two of them are endemic. The Papaveraceae family has five genera and 12 species; one species is endemic. The Fumariaceae family has two genera and seven species, without any endemic species. Ninety eight species were recorded for the first time. Overall, the Shiraz town ship has the highest species richness among all twenty townships in the province. [Jafarpour M, Manohar M. Distribution of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Papaveraceae and Fumariacea Plant Families in Fars, Iran; An Application of GIS in Plant Systematic and Conservation. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):182-193]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.25

Keywords: Poacea, Chenopodiaceae, Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Species Distribution

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Wildlife Value Orientations Based on Age, Gender and  Education in Malaysia

Marjan Jafarpour¹, M.Manohar. ^2*

^1,2Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

¹. Marjan.jafarpoor@gmail.com

*²Corresponding author:  mano@upm.edu.my

Abstract: Wild Life value orientation is an important cognition to  predict the behavior of individuals in wildlife management in conservation decisions. This article analyzed Malaysian value orientations toward wildlife and examined differences in value orientations among three demographic characteristics: gender, education, residency situation. In addition, it has tested the reliability and validity of a scale that can be used in on-site surveys for measuring wildlife value orientations in wildlife management.  The two wildlife value orientations: domination and mutualism were based on the previous research and theorizing in other countries. Data were acquired from a self administer survey (n=1337) sent to randomly selected individuals in the Malaysian population. The questionnaire was based on seven wildlife constructs based 27 items used to measure their wildlife value orientations. The results were not according to the prior researches in other developed and developing countries; perhaps, because of basic differences in their society comparing to Malaysia. To sum up, rural people in Malaysia were more utilitarian than urban. In addition, Men were more mutualism than women. The people with average education in Malaysia similar to the developing country showed more mutualism than low education while they were more mutualism than higher education as well.

[Jafarpour M, Manohar M. Wildlife Value Orientation Based on Age, Gender and Education in Malaysia. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):194-201]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.26

Key words: Wildlife Value Orientation, Demographics, Age, Gender, Education, Malaysia

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Carcass analysis of four quails species in Mexico State

Maria Antonia Mariezcurrena¹, Salvador Ibarra Zimbron¹, Ignacio Domínguez Vara¹, María Carolina Vázquez Guadarrama¹, Germán David Mendoza Martínez², María Dolores Mariezcurrena Berasain^3*

^1. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México

^2.  Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, México D.F., 04970 México

^3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

*nekkane16@hotmail.com

Abstract: The human diet consists of a great diversity of foods in where the most common source of protein comes from animals; mainly from fattening species of pigs, beef, chickens, and sheep due to intensive farming high fat content. The current study was aimed to evaluate the meat analysis of four species of wild quail breasts: Common quail, Banded quail, scaled or Squamous quail and Montezuma quail. Quails were collected from March to June, in the State of Mexico. The findings showed that of the studied species, the meat of Moctezuma had the greatest amount of protein (26.99%DM); however, the lowest fat content (1.25%DM) was with Squamos. Up to the time of this investigation, no data existed on the nutritional qualities of meat coming from these wild species in the State of Mexico. As we now know, this meat has better attributes, compared even to rabbit meat and to the meat of other domestic species that are consumed on a daily basis. It was concluded that the carcasses protein and dry matter contents were similar with all studied species where fat content of the Callipepla squamata had the highest value.

[Mariezcurrena MA, Zimbron SI, Domínguez Vara I, Vázquez Guadarrama MC, Salem AZM, Mendoza Martínez GD, Mariezcurrena Berasain MD. Carcass analysis of some quails species in Mexico State. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):202-206]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.27

Keywords: Quail; nutrition; carcass analysis; meat quality.

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Credit Risks and Bank Share Valuation in Selected Four Asia Pacific Countries

Dr. Cheng Fan Fah, Prof. Dr. Annuar Nasir

Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty Economics and Management, University Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: chengfanfah@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the credit risk and the stock valuation response to earnings for commercial banks in Australia, Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia. These four countries have different bank sizes and sovereign rating. This study applies the relevant accounting and financial ratios into regression models and aims to extend the earnings response literature and theory research to banks. This measures the influence of bank-related determinant of risk that affects risk management in Australia, Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia banks. The results show that the credit risk has the information content beyond earnings. This result is consistent with the finding in many other studies which found significant relationship on the Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) and the credit risk with a positive sign. Generally, the credit risk proxy by the Provision for bad and doubtful debts/Incomes in the existing practical literature shows positive relationship among the credit risk and stock abnormal returns. This positive sign is plausible, because with a higher provision for bad and doubtful debts/Incomes and yet achieving the same amount of earnings mean a better operated banks than the other banks.

[Cheng Fan Fah, Annuar Nasir. Credit Risks and Bank Share Valuation in Selected Four Asia Pacific Countries. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):207-217]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.28

Keywords: Credit Risk, Bank share valuation, Earnings Response Coefficients.

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Aspiring International Standards: challenges and outcomes of project management in the context of Kazakhstan Higher Education

Anar Mukhtarova ¹, Altynay Smith ²

^1.PhD candidate, Turar Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University, 55 Zhandosov street, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

^2. Accreditation consultant, Turar Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University, 55 Zhandosov street, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

anar.mukhtarova@gmail.com

Abstract: Universities in Kazakhstan are striving to improve their practices in a highly competitive education environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of the project initiated by the senior management of Turar Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University to introduce changes based on accreditation agencies’ standards. The results of the critical review indicate that the anticipated results of the change process were not fully achieved due to lack of consistency in management decisions, low support from the management and staff, which could be attributed to organizational culture, limited funding, poor understanding and practice of action research and project management.

[Mukhtarova A., Smith A. Aspiring International Standards: challenges and outcomes of project management in the context of Kazakhstan Higher Education. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):218-222]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.29

Keywords: higher education, action research, project management, change, Kazakhstan

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Salinity stress during booting and heading stages affects yield in rice

A. B. Puteh¹ and M. M. A. Mondal^1,2*

¹Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor D. E., Malaysia;

²Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; *Corresponding author: Email: mmamondal@gmail.com

Abstract: The experiment was carried out in pot culture during July to December 2012 to investigate the effect of salinity at two growth stages on yield and yield components in three rice mutants. The treatment composed of three elite rice mutants viz., RM250-1012, RM300-30 and RM250-150, and 8 dS m^-1 salinity imposed at two growth stages of booting and heading. Results indicated that morphological parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and tillers hill^-1 and panicle length, physiological characters such as biological yield and harvest index, yield attributes such as number of number of grains panicle^-1 and 1000-grain weight were decreased in saline treated plants than control plants. However, the decrease in above parameters due to salinity was greater when salinity imposed at booting stage as compared to salinity imposed at heading stage. Among the genotypes, the yield loss due to salinity was less in RM300-30 than that in the others, which further revealed that RM300-30 had a greater tolerance to salinity than RM250-1012 and RM250-150.

[A. B. Puteh and M. M. A. Mondal. Salinity stress during booting and heading stages affects yield in rice. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):223-226]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.30

Key words: Salinity stress, Growth stages, Yield attributes, Rice mutant

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Modeling and exploring base station characteristics of LTE mobile networks

Aigerim Bakatkalyevna Altayeva ¹, Batyrkhan Sultanovich Omarov ¹, Altay Zufarovich Aitmagambetov ¹,  Balnur Balabekovna Kendzhaeva² , Meruert Alpysbekovna Burkitbayeva²

^1. International Information Technologies University, Almaty, Manas/Zhandosov Street, 34A/8A, Almaty city, Kazakstan, 161200

^2. H.A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Sattarkhanov Avenue, 29, Turkistan city, South-Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan, 161200

aikosha1703@gmail.com; a.altayeva@iitu.kz; batyahan@gmail.com; balnur.kendzhaeva@iktu.kz

Abstract: This paper reports our theoretical and practical experience with fourth generation network technologies based on Long Term Evolution (LTE). For planning LTE networks there are expensive and complicated software, but it is likely that the engineers, telecommunication companies or advanced users will be interested in a simple tool to assess the capacity and range of the base station network LTE. For this purpose, we develop an expert system that is able to calculate the range and bandwidth expressed in megabits per second, which are based on the input parameters and the network equipment. In the first part we consider a model that allows estimating the range and bandwidth base station LTE network and using these data to simulate different scenarios loading base station.

In the second part, according to the experimental data, we determine dependence of the speed reception and transmission of traffic on the degree of the base station range. The information presented here will help to predict possible outcome and income in establishing new LTE network points.

[Altayeva A.B., Omarov B.S., Aitmagambetov A.Z., Kendzhaeva B.B., Burkitbayeva M.A. Modeling and exploring base station characteristics of LTE mobile networks. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):227-233]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.31

Key Words: 3G, 4G, LTE, MIMO, Base station.

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Effect of Red Grape Juice on Renal Glomeruli in Hypercholestremic Rats

Ghada A. Abdel-Hamid ^1,2

¹ Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

² Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt

ghada169@hotmail.com

Abstract: Hypercholesterolemia accompanies renal disorders and is contributed to the progression of renal diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible ameliorating effects of red grape juice on renal glomeruli of adult rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sixty male albino rats were divided into three groups (n=20 each). Group I served as control (n=20) and received vehicle (saline) alone, Group II served as the high cholesterol diet (HCD) group fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, and Group III rats were fed HCD along with red grape juice (RGJ) for 8 weeks. Kidney was dissected out, weighted and processed for paraffin blocks. General histological and special stains were performed. Glomerular cross-sectional surface area, the capillary diameter within the glomeruli, the mean glomerular tuft area and Bowman’s capsule area of each kidney were measured. Immunohistochemistry assessments for ASMA, desmin, PCNA, eNos and CD68 ; their mean intensity and area percentage of positive glomeruli were measured. HCD resulted in elevated blood glucose, insulin and all serum lipids. It induced mesangial expansion, congestion of glomerular capillaries, thickening of Bowman's capsule and foamy cells in the glomerular tuft and renal fibrosis. HCD induced mesangial-cell activation, podocyte injury, which was associated with eNOs deficiency and increased number of CD68 positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium. RGJ effectively restored most of HCD-induced deleterious effects, suggesting that adding it to diet can play a protective role against renal cortical damage and disturbed serum lipids associated with dietary hypercholesterolemia.

[Ghada A. Abdel-Hamid. Effect of Red Grape Juice on Renal Glomeruli in Hypercholestremic Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):234-245]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.32

Key words: hypercholesterolemia, red grape juice, kidney, rat

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Ecology and Allelopathic Control of the Invasive Species Cenchrus echinatus L. in some of Newly Reclaimed Areas in Nile Delta, Egypt

Shehata, H. S.

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Postal Code:44519, Egypt

E-mail: drhanaa_fahmy@hotmail.com

Abstract: Cenchrus echinatus L. is an introduced species in Egypt. Field study indicated that it had become recently an invader to the newly reclaimed areas of Egypt. Fifty stands, representing fields of orchards and crops at four governorates (El- Dakahlia, El-Behira, El-Ismailia and El-Sharkia) in the Nile Delta region, were studied. The florestic analysis indicated that ninty-four species (59 annuals, five biennials and thirty perennials) represent 27 families were recorded. The most represented families were: Poaceae (25.53%), followed by family Asteraceae (18.09%) and Chenopodiaceae (8.51%).C. echinatus is a therophytic plant that has a Mediterranean distribution intermingled with Irano-Turaian elements.Therophytes predominated the other life forms. The monoregional taxa contributed the highest chorological elements. Four vegetation groups (VG), representing the different studied fields, were produced by the application of TWINSPAN and DECORANA as classification and ordination techniques, respectively. In addition Canonical Correspondance Analysis (CCA) ordination indicated that, sulphates, silt, water-holding capacity, bicarbonates, sand, porosity, calcium and organic carbon were the most effective soil variables on the distribution of C. echinatus and its associated species in the different fields.VG (D) inhabiting the orchards and crops in Al- Behira and Al-Sharkia governorates, was the most diverse one. Evaluation of allelopathic impact of the shoot extracts of Conyza bonariensis, and Acacia saligna against C. echinatus seeds was carried out. The methanolic extract of C. bonariensis had the most inhibitory effect on the seed germination and shoot growth of C. echinatus, while, the methanolic extract of A. saligna had the most inhibitory effect on the root growth of C.echinatus. This study indicated that the shoot biomass of C. bonariensis and A. saligna contain allelochemicals and could be used as a poste-mergence herbicide.

[Shehata, H.S. Ecology and Allelopathic Control of the Invasive Species Cenchrus echinatus L. in some of Newly Reclaimed Areas in Nile Delta, Egypt. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):246-260]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.33

Keywords: Invasive plant Species, Ecological relations, Soil Variables: Allelopathy

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, sub-chronic toxicity and wound healing effect of Cunninghamellaelegans extract and its Isolated Compounds

Amani S Awaad*@, Tahani A Alhamed**, Maitland DJ***, Soliman GA****,Nabilah A Al-Jaber**, Mounerah R. Al-Outhman*****, Zain ME*****, Reham M. El-Meligy** and Ahmed M. Alafeefy****** 

*Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
**Chemical and Forensic Sciences Department, School of Life Science, Bradford University, UK.
***Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
****Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
**** Botany &Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
***** Medicinal chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA

amaniawaad@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim: Evaluation of the in-vitro antimicrobial and in-vivo wound healing activities of the total alcohol extract and isolated compounds from Cunninghamellaelegans(C. elegans). Methods: Different G-ve and G+ve bacteria were used in the antimicrobial study, and the excision wound model in guinea pigs was used. Identification of compounds was done using different spectroscopic methods. Results and Conclusion: C. elegans total extract, ethyl acetate and ether successive extracts showed high activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Three fatty acids were isolated and identified as Palmitic acid 1, Oleic acid 2 and Stearic acid 3in addition to seven compounds; α-amyrin4.β–sitosterol5, 2- (6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl) - 5- (hydroxymethyl) oxolane- 3, 4- diol (adenosine) 6, Uridine (pyrimidine 2,4-dione,1-ribose) 7, Pyrimidine-2, 4-dione (Uracil) 8, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid (Gallic acid) 9, and 3-(methoxycarbonyl) but-3-enoic acid 10 were isolated from C. elegans extract. Among these compounds, adenosine was the most active antimicrobial compound in-vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. The topical application of the ethanol extract of C. elegans(5 mg mL^-1) and adenosine (1 mg mL^-1) produced complete wound healing activity in experimentally infected guinea pigs after 18 days. The total ethanol extract of the investigated fungus was safe up to 5000 mg kg^-1 and did not produce any significant change in liver and kidney functions after oral administration (200 mg kg^-1) for 35 consecutive days.

[Amani S Awaad, Tahani A Alhamed, Maitland DJ, Soliman GA,Nabilah A Al-Jaber, Mounerah R. Al-Outhman, Zain ME, Reham M. El-Meligy and Ahmed M. Alafeefy. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, sub-chronic toxicity and wound healing effect of Cunninghamellaelegansextract and its Isolated Compounds.Life Sci J2014;11(6):261-268]. (ISSN:1097-8135).http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.34

Key words: Adenosine, Cunninghamellaelegans, Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial activity, liver and kidney function, wound healing.

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R. graveolens mitigates ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemia by modulating antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines

Ayman M. Mahmoud^1*, Mousa O. Germoush², Ayman S. Soliman³

¹Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

²Biology Department, Faculty of Science, AlJouf University, Saudi Arabia.

³Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

aymano911@yahoo.com, ayman.mahmoud@science.bsu.edu.eg

Abstract: Hyperammonemia is a major contributing factor to neurological abnormalities observed in hepatic encephalopathy. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of R. graveolens against ammonium chloride (AC)-induced hyperammonemia in rats. Hyperammonemia was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of AC at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. The biochemical results showed that administration of AC induced significant increase in blood ammonia and urea levels. In addition, hyperammonemia induced oxidative stress in the liver and brain as evident from the increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), declined glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Moreover, hyperammonemia was associated with a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).  Concomitant administration of R. graveolens efficiently alleviated the altered biochemical parameters. In conclusion, R. graveolens showed a marked protective effect against AC-induced hyperammonemia in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies.

[Mahmoud AM, Germoush MO, Soliman AS. R. graveolens mitigates ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemia by modulating antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):269-275]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.35

Keywords: Hyperammonemia, Hepatic encephalopathy, Ruta graveolens, Oxidative stress, Cytokines.

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A new concept in conservatism Adult tooth pulpotomy: The promising success A nine years’ study

An evidence based study

Hala Fares⁽¹⁾ and  Nihal Kabel⁽²⁾

¹Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology. Egypt. (E-mail: fares_hala@yahoo.com)

²Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology. Egypt. (E-mail: nihalkabel@live.com)

Abstract: Adult tooth pulpotomy is continuously proving to be a more reliable pulpal therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical success rates of adult tooth pulpotomy. Thirty permanent molars belonging to thirty healthy adults were included in this study. The treated teeth were re-evaluated after six weeks, six months, two, four, six and nine years; clinically and radiographically. For 28 teeth, clinical and radiographic examination revealed appropriate function, absence of any signs and symptoms and normal periodontium apparatus. This has been the clinical condition of all the examined cases until today. Further basic research should be carried out with larger samples and at, comparatively, longer evaluation time periods.

[Hala Fares and Nihal Kabel. A new concept in conservatism Adult tooth pulpotomy: The promising success A nine years’ study  An evidence based study. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):276-282]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.36

Key words: pulpal therapy, adult pulpotomy.

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The impact of bronchial asthma on quality of life among affected children and adolescents in Taif city, Saudi Arabia

Saad S. Al Zahrani¹, El-Morsy A. El Morsy², Laila Sh. Dorgham²

¹ Associate Professor of Family Medicine, ²Professor of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, KSA

Lailadorgham@gmail.com

Abstract: Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in Saudi Arabia, with substantial regional variations. It can severely affect the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children. There is a gap in knowledge regarding the impact of asthma on life style of children and adolescents especially in Taif city, KSA. Moreover, little is known about asthma control status in Saudi asthmatic children & adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate asthma control status in Saudi asthmatic children and adolescents. Also, to compare health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with impaired and controlled asthma, in Taif, KSA, and to identify some trigger risk factors associated with impaired asthma control. A cross section study was conducted in which 200 Saudi asthmatic boy children, aged 7 -17 years, were included. Each participant completed two tools; the first was a self administered questionnaire containing PAQLQ-A Adapted- Arabic version; and the second tool is ACT. Only 12% of studied sample had controlled asthma, while 88% had impaired asthma control. The impact of asthma in both children and adolescents with impaired control asthma was significantly higher than for controlled asthma children and adolescents respectively. The most common asthma aggravating factors were physical activity-induced asthma, parental tobacco smoke, and perfumes & household detergents. Children and adolescents with impaired asthma control were found to have more impaired HR-QoL compared with children and adolescents with controlled asthma. Activity limitation domain was more affected in children and adolescents. Further research should focus on which factors are responsible for the greatest burden on asthmatic children’s health related quality of life and their caregivers’ health related quality of life and how such risk factors should be prevented and managed.

[Saad S. Al Zahrani, El-Morsy A. El Morsy, and Laila Sh. Dorgham. The impact of bronchial asthma on quality of life among affected children and adolescents in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):283-291]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.37

Key words: impact, bronchial asthma, quality of life, children, Taif city.

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Potential theory method and spectral relationships of a generalized Macdonald kernel in some different domains

M. A. Abdou¹ and M. A. Elsayed²

¹ Department of Mathematics Faculty of Education Alexandria University Egypt

² Department of basic science High institute for Engineering Elshorouk Academy Egypt

² dr.mohamed.a.elsayed@gmail.com

Abstract: A generalized potential theory method is used to construct spectral relationships, in some different domains, for an integral equation, in three dimensional, with a generalized potential kernel. This kernel, under certain conditions, will take the generalized Macdonald function form. Also, the spectral relationships are discussed and obtained in different domains of integration. Many special cases are derived and discussed from the work.

[M. A. Abdou and M. A. Elsayed. Potential theory method and spectral relationships of a generalized Macdonald kernel in some different domains. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):292-297]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.38

Keywords: Spectral relationships (SRs), Boundary value problem (BVP), ordinary differential equation (ODE), integral operator (IO).

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Directions of Autism Diagnosis by Electroencephalogram Based brain

Computer Interface: A Review

Ebtehal A Alsaggaf¹, MSCS; Sundus S Baaisharah²

^1. Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Email: eaalsaggaf@kau.edu.sa

^2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Email: sundus_ba@hotmail.com

Abstract: Autism is a social development disorder that is a difficult task to diagnose by a medical professional with support from physical, occupational and speech therapists. It is being investigated through many different approaches. This paper review the literatures of EEG and BCI that help us to answer some unanswered questions by many psychologists, scholars of education and parents of autistic children about common signs of autism such as problems with social skills, interaction, and communication. This can be seen as the ground work for applying new BCI applications for further development diagnosis of the autism to see how the treatment is working as well in future.

[Alsaggaf E, Baaisharah S. Directions of Autism Diagnosis by Electroencephalogram Based brain Computer Interface: A Review. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):298-304]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.39

Keywords: Autism disorder; Electroencephalography; EEG; BCI.

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Using EEGs to Diagnose Autism Disorder by Classification Algorithm

Ebtehal A Alsaggaf¹, MSCS; Mahmoud I. Kamel ², Ph.D.

Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

^1.Email: eaalsaggaf@kau.edu.sa; ^2.Email: miali@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The classification algorithm is a new trend to discover autism disorder using Electroencephalography (EEG) signal of normal and autistic subjects. This paper is presented methods to detect autism disorders from normal subjects and to evaluate the ability of using filtering and windsorizing techniques supervised learning model. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) features with 30 ensembles average are applied. Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) classifier and 18 Subjects with cross-validation are combined to estimate the classification's accuracy and reached (80.27%) for all subjects. 

[Alsaggaf E, Kamel M. Using EEGs to Diagnose Autism Disorder by Classification Algorithm. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):305-308]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.40

Keywords: Autism disorder; Electroencephalography; EEG; Fast Fourier Transform

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Probiotics Alleviates Intestinal Immune Dysfunction in A Mouse Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Dong-Hui Chen¹, Hai-Rong Chen², Arslan Kasim², Zhi-Qiang Liu¹, Peng-Yuan Zheng¹, Ping-Chang Yang³.

^1, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Institute of Medical Microecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan Province, China.

^2, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing 100101, China.

^3, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.

Email: yangp@mcmaster.ca

Abstract Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) constitutes many functional gastrointestinal disorders; the pathogenesis is unclear. Probiotics can alleviate IBS symptoms in clinic. This study aims to investigate whether administration of Clostridum butyricum prevents the visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal immune dysfunction induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonicacid (TNBS) in an IBS mouse model. Methods: Mice were treated with TNBS together with or without gavage-feding Clostridum butyricum. On day 24, the perception of pain sensation was assessed by the colorectal distension (CRD). Macrophages and memory T cells in the lamina propria were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of T helper 2 cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunobsorbent assay. Results: Mice treated with TNBS showed a low-grade of inflammation in the colon mucosa. A significant increase in scores of CRD and decrease in pain threshold were recorded; the frequency of macrophage and memory T cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria mononuclear cells of the colon in the TNBS-group and a Th2 cytokine profile was detected in the serum of the mice, which was restored to the levels of naïve control group after administration of Clostridum butyricum. Conclusions: Twenty-four days after rectal Instillation of TNBS can induce IBS-like symptoms and immune deregulation in mice. Administration of Clostridum butyricum can alleviate visceral pain perception and regulate the immune dysfunction in this IBS model.

[Dong-Hui Chen, Hai-Rong Chen, Arslan Kasim, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Peng-Yuan Zheng, Ping-Chang Yang. Probiotics Alleviates Intestinal Immune Dysfunction in A Mouse Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):309-316]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.41

Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome; Visceral hypersensitivity; Mucosal immune system dysfunction; Low-grade inflammatory state; Clostridum butyricum

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Low Cost Prototype of Pulse Measurement Devices

Jiann-Hwa Lue¹, Ting-Jou Ding², Yu-Sheng Su³, Rong Seng Chang¹, Tai-Chuan Ko^4*, Shuan-Yu Huang^5,6*, Wen-Ming Cheng⁷

¹ Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C.

² Department of Electro-Optical and Energy Engineering, Ming Dao University, Chang-Hua, Taiwan, R.O.C.

³ Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, National Central University, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁴ Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁶ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁷  Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

syhuang@csmu.edu.tw, kcc33546@gmail.com

Abstract: Traditional Chinese Medicine is a medical treatment that differs from western medicine. Pulse diagnosis is an important method to diagnose the health condition of patients. Pulse measurement instrument can help to quantify precisely the pulse signals and reduce the error of diagnosis. This study designs and fabricates a simple and low cost pulse measurement based on commercial laptop. The measurement result demonstrates that pulse signals are acquired correctly. [Jiann-Hwa Lue, Ting-Jou Ding, Yu-Sheng Su, Rong Seng Chang, Tai-Chuan Ko, Shuan-Yu Huang, Wen-Ming Cheng. Low Cost Prototype of Pulse Measurement Devices. Life Sci J. 2014; 11(6):317-319] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.42

Keywords: Pulse, Low cost, Condenser microphone, Sound

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The Prevention Of Systemic Hypotension In Caesarean Section By Subcutaneous Injection Of Ephedrine Before Spinal Anesthesia

Masoud Ghanei¹, Reza Sahraei¹*, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi³

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

2.  Research center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

sahraeir@sums.ac.ir

Abstract: Spinal anesthesia is a common method of anesthesia in cesarean section and hypotension is the most common side effect of this method. The aim of this study is comparison between effects of ephedrine and distilled water on hypotension in patients under elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. This randomized clinical trial study included patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. In this study 82 patients divided into two groups and they were injected subcutaneously randomly with 10 mg ephedrine (2 cc) or distilled water (2 cc). The patients hydrated 10-20 cc/kg before spinal anesthesia. After installation of cardiac lids and pulse oximetry, their blood pressure measured and recorded in 5 min before and 5, 10, 15, 30 min after spinal anesthesia. The Patients were received intravenous ephedrine if hypotension (hypotension was enumerated in blood pressure less than 90/60 mm Hg) was occurred. Diastolic hypotension was significantly occurred in ephedrine group was less than distilled water group in 30 min after spinal anesthesia (P=0.046), but there was no significant difference between two groups in other earlier times. Prophylactic subcutaneous injection of ephedrine can effectively prevent diastolic hypotension after spinal anesthesia. 

[Ghanei M, Sahraei R Jahromi AS. The Prevention Of Systemic Hypotension In Caesarean Section By Subcutaneous Injection Of Ephedrine Before Spinal Anesthesia. Life Sci J 2014,11(6):320-322] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.43

Keywords: ephedrine, spinal anesthesia, cesarean, hypotension

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Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation

Mohamad Abou ¹, Sameeha Raad ², Sareefa AlHazmi ³

^1. Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt

^2. Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

^3. Mathematics Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

abdella_777@yahoo.com, saraad @uqu.edu.sa, sehazmi @uqu.edu.sa

Abstract: In this work, we derived a Fredholm-Volterra integral equation (F-VIE) of the second kind from the plane strain problem of the bounded layer medium composed of three different materials. These different materials contain a crack on one of the interface. In addition, the existence of a unique solution of F-VIE is considered in the space . The integral equation is solved by using quadratic method to obtain SFIEs. Then, we used two directions, the first direction, is by removing the singularity and using Legendre polynomials. While the other, by using Toeplitz matrix method (TMM) and product Nystrom method (PNM). Finally, numerical examples are considered and the estimate error, in each case, is compared between the three methods.

[Mohamad Abou, Sameeha Raad, Sareefa AlHazmi. Fundamental contact problem and singular mixed integral equation. Life Sci J 2014,11(6):323-329] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.44

Keywords: Fredholm-Volterra integral equation, Cauchy kernel, series method, Toeplitz method, Nystrom method, orthogonal polynomials, linear algebraic system.

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A Triangulated Approach To The Assessment of Important Constructs In New Product Development Process

Tan Owee Kowang, Amran Rasli, Choi Sang Long

Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

oktan@utm.my

Abstract: New Product Development (NPD) is vital for organizational competitiveness and success. However, in the current NPD literature, the important constructs for NPD success are frequently derived from quantitative research. Whereby, qualitative based research on the similar subject is limited. Hence, this study aims to assess the important NPD process constructs in Research and Development (R&D) companies within Malaysia via triangulated approach. As such, the study applied both structured questionnaire and semi structured interview. 384 questionnaires were distributed to staffs in R&D companies within Malaysia, with 186 responded. In addition, 10 NPD experts were participated in the semi structured interview. The triangulation method used in this research showed consistency and support one another. Quantitative finding that derived from descriptive analysis is in line with qualitative outcome that analyzed via Kendall Coefficient of Concordance. Respondents and interviewees perceived that the most important constructs for NPD process in R&D companies within Malaysia are Design and Development, followed by Product Commercialization, Opportunity Identification, Product Testing and Concept Development. The rigor in analysis of this study makes the 5 NPD constructs the valid variables that could be used in future research to assess the conditions and subsequently enhance the NPD performance in R&D organizations.

[Tan O.K., Choi S.L., Amran R. A Triangulated Approach To The Assessment of Important Constructs In New Product Development Process. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):330-338] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.45

Keywords: New Product Development; Research and Development; Design; Product Commercialization; Opportunity Identification; Product Testing; Concept Development.

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The perception of dancers on the congruence between music and movement in a rhythmic gymnastics routine

Loo Fung Chiat¹, Loo Fung Ying²

¹Department of Music, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Cultural Centre, University of Malaya

fungchiat@hotmail.com, lfc@upm.edu.my

Abstract: The issue of using music synchronously or asynchronously in the field of dance has long been discussed by scholars and practitioners. In sports which involve a routine, it has been observed that some athletes use music merely as a background effect while others opt to choreograph routines in close congruence with musical details. This paper aims to investigate the perception of respondents who have a background in dancing of the congruence between movements and music in a rhythmic gymnastics routine. The study also intended to investigate the quality of the enhanced music accompaniment in the selected sports routine. A routine performed by a gymnast was recorded and new music, closely synchronized with every movement of the gymnast, was composed based on the existing choreography. Fifty-six ballerinas were presented with two videos. Both videos show the same routine, but one has the original music used by the gymnast and the other, the new music. Through a survey, the respondents were asked to choose which video presented the performance in which music and the routine are more congruent. The result shows that the routine accompanied by new music was mostly chosen by the respondents. Of the many elements, tempo and climax in the new music were considered to be the most significant in the congruence between music and routine.

[Loo, F.C. & Loo F.Y. The perception of dancers on the congruence between music and movement in a rhythmic gymnastics routine. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):339-344] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.46

Keywords: congruence, rhythmic gymnastics, music, perception, movement

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Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewaters with Upflow Anaerobic Pumice Bed Reactor

Erdem Kocadagistan

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey

myecem@atauni.edu.tr

Abstract: This study aimed to decrease the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of slaughterhouse wastewater using pumice mediated upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor (PBR). The wastewater, treated in this study, supplied from the slaughterhouse of Meat and Fish Authority of Erzurum City. Reactor was operated in batch and continuous flow mode at different organic loading rates (OLR) in the range of 0.58 to 36.77 kgCOD/m³.day. The PBR reactor showed great performance between the loading rates of 0.58 and 5 kgCOD/m³.day to treat COD from mentioned wastewater with the removal efficiencies of 93 and 73%, respectively. Efficiencies decreased from 73 to 34% for the loading rates of 5 and 36.77 kgCOD/m³, respectively. Minimum effluent COD concentration and maximum removal efficiency are 8 mg/L and 93.3%, respectively, observed in this study.

[Kocadagistan E. Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewaters with Upflow Anaerobic Pumice Bed Reactor. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):345-349] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.47

Keywords: Slaughterhouse wastewaters; pumice; anaerobic reactor

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A Brand New Approach to LEDs Electronic Drawing Board Using Optical Illumination

Jiann-Hwa Lue¹, Yu-Sheng Su², Rong Seng Chang¹, Shuan-Yu Huang^3,4, Tai-Chuan Ko⁵, Ting-Jou Ding^6*

¹ Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C.

² Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, National Central University, Taiwan, R.O.C.

³ Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁴ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁵ Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁶ Department of Electro-Optical and Energy Engineering, Ming Dao University, Chang-Hua, Taiwan, R.O.C.

tjding@mdu.edu.tw

Abstract: This paper presents a brand new method to Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) drawing board which can be induced by optical illumination. White light is used as an induced medium on this LEDs drawing board for accurate painting. Experimental results show that the white light source can successfully light up the 3×3 array LEDs drawing board. This brand new optical induced lighting technique will not only improve the disadvantage of traditional LEDs display lighted up by water, but also enhance the accuracy and feasibility of remote painting. Besides, the large outdoor interactive LEDs electronic drawing board, lighted up white light, will be expected in near future. [Jiann-Hwa Lue, Yu-Sheng Su, Rong Seng Chang, Shuan-Yu Huang, Tai-Chuan Ko, Ting-Jou Ding. A Brand New Approach to LEDs Electronic Drawing Board using Optical Illumination. Life Sci J. 2014;11(6):350-352] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.48

Keywords: LEDs, interactive, electronic drawing board, optical illumination

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Quantum Schrödinger Equation with Octic Potential In Non Commutaive Two-Dimensional Complex space

Maireche Abdelmadjid

Physics Department, Sciences Faculty, University of M’sila Algeria

abmaireche@yahoo.fr

Abstract: In this work, The effect of the non commutativity is studied, on the with Octic potential (Harmonic, Quadratic, sextic...) , by applying the Boopp's shift method to first order in the non-commutativity parameter , we shown that the NC Hamiltonian will be represented into two matrixes. The modified of the energies levels at the fundamental state determined only with a numerical solution. One can conclude from this work that the non-commutativity applying on the Octic potential, produced two types of interactions between a particle with spin  and an external magnetic field, the first one represent the ordinary Zeeman effect (anisotropic interaction),and the new interaction represent a cobbling between the total monument and external magnetic field (Isotropic interaction).

[Maireche Abdelmadjid. Quantum Schrödinger Equation with Octic Potential In Non Commutaive Two-Dimensional Complex space. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):353-359] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.49

Keywords: Hydrogen atom, Star product, complex space, the Octic potential and noncommutative space.

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Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation by Percutaneous Pericardial Puncture

Yuanfeng Zhou^1,2 , Lang Hong², Linfeng Li², Yun Qiu², Menquan Hu¹

¹XinYu Iron and Steel Corporation Central Hospital, Xinyu 338001, China

²The Second Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China

*E-mail: honglangcn@126.com

Abstract: This study aims to introduce epicardial ablation by percutaneous pericardial puncture in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT). A female patient aged 45 years old with VT was enrolled in this study. Her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a heart rate of 188 to 194 times/min with a wide QRS wave with upward dominant waves in leads I, II, III, aVF, V5, and V6. Results also showed evident incisures at the top of the R wave and a downward dominant wave in lead V1. Radiofrequency ablation by percutaneous pericardial puncture under the guidance of Carto mapping system was also performed. Conventional endocardial mapping detected the earliest activation on the right free ventricular wall. The local activation time (LAT) was 96 ms earlier than the QRS wave in lead V1 in the surface ECG, where the pacing of QRS wave from the large end is similar to the surface ECG at attacking time. Repeated discharge from the large end with cold saline (35 W to 40 W, 40 °C to 50 °C) could not cease VT. Percutaneous pericardial puncture was conducted under X-ray fluoroscopy. A 4 mm, magnetic-navigated, temperature-controlled large head was fed to the right epicardium through the pericardial cavity. LAT was 109 ms earlier than QRS wave in lead V1 in the surface ECG. After right coronary angiography, VT was ended by radiofrequency ablation under the condition of 40 W and 55 °C for 10 s, followed by consolidation discharge for 90 s. No recurrence of tachycardia was observed in the postoperative ECG after 18 months. Epicardial ablation by percutaneous pericardial puncture is an effective supplementary method for endocardial ablation.

[Yuanfeng Zhou, Lang Hong, Linfeng Li, Yun Qiu, Menquan Hu. Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation by Percutaneous Pericardial Puncture. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):360-364]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.50

Keywords: ventricular tachycardia; epicardial ablation; percutaneous pericardial puncture

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Level of prejudiced among Youth in Klang Valley, Malaysia towards Public Transport

Dzuhailmi Dahalan*, Jeffrey Lawrence D’Silva, Haslinda Abdullah, Nobaya Ahmad & IsmiArif Ismail

Youth Social Health and Well-Being Laboratory, Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

*Email: dzuhailmi@gmail.com

Abstract: Psychological constructs are undeniably pertinent in influencing users’ willingness to choose public transport as their primary means of getting around. The aim of this article is to determine the level of prejudice among urban youth in Klang Valley, Malaysia towards public transport. This study involved a total of 445 respondents living in Klang Valley. In general, this study showed that the level of prejudice of youth in Klang Valley towards public transport is moderate. Significant differences were noted in terms of prejudice levels based on gender and ethnicity. The study suggests some ways on how to reduce negative perceptions of public transport among youth.

[Dzuhailmi Dahalan, Jeffrey Lawrence D’Silva, Haslinda Abdullah, Nobaya Ahmad & IsmiArif Ismail. Level of prejudiced among Youth in Klang Valley, Malaysia towards Public Transport. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6): 365-373]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifescienceite.com. 51. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.51

Keywords: Public transport; Premier mode of transport; Prejudice; Youth; Malaysia

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Correlation analysis on serum tumor markers of breast cancer patients with brain metastases and the clinicopathological factors

Zhang Zhisheng^1*, Chen Gaoyang¹, Chen Lingxiang²

¹ Oncology Department, the Second People’s Hospital of Tai Zhou, Jiang Su, China

² Medical Oncology Department, Jiang Su Cancer Hospital, Jiang Su, China

E-mail: jsjyzzs@sohu.com

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the correlation between serum tumor markers of breast cancer patients with brain metastases (CEA, CA125 and CA153) and the clinicopathological factors. Method: In Jiang Su Cancer Hospital, 166 cases of breast cancer patients with brain metastases were chosen from August, 2007 to August, 2013. Analyze the level of CEA, CA125 and CA153 in serum, and evaluate their correlation with the clinicopathological factors. Result: The survival time of the patients was 0.3-32.7 months (mean 9.5 months), one-year survival rate was 41.6%, and two-year survival rate was 7.2%. In serum, the positive express rate of CEA was 43.4% (72/166), CA125 was 44.6% (74/166), and CA153 was 51.8% (86/166). The multiple brain metastases were related to high serum CA153; PS score, multiple brain metastases and concomitant extracranial metastasis were all relate to CA125; the prognosis effect of patients whose serum CEA less than 5ng/ml was better than those CEA over 5ng/ml, the median survival time of the former was 13.1 months, and the later was 6.0 months; taken 35U/ml as boundary, the prognosis effect of patients whose CA125 less than this value was better than those patients whose CA125 over this value, and the median survival time of the former was 16.8 months, the later was 6.9 months, which was statistical significance (P＜0.05). The multifactor analysis showed that the independent factors which influence the prognosis effect of breast cancer patients with brain metastases were therapeutic method of brain metastases, PS score, and the express level of CEA. The discrepancies of the three were statistical significance (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Breast cancer patients with brain metastases’ CA125 and CA153 express levels are correlate to its clinicopathologic feature; the express levels of CEA, CA125 are closely relate to the prognosis; the independent factors which influence the prognosis effect of breast cancer patients with brain metastases are CEA that whose high express level has bad effect to patient.

[Zhang Zhisheng, Chen Gaoyang, Chen Lingxiang. Correlation analysis on serum tumor markers of breast cancer patients with brain metastases and the clinicopathological factors. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):374-377]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 52. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.52

Keywords: breast cancer, brain metastases, serum tumor marker, clinicopathological factor, correlation analysis

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Risk Factors for Stroke-associated Pneumonia in a Chinese Population: a Prospective Cohort Study

Yapeng Li, Bo Song, Hui Fang, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Yusheng Li, Jun Wu, Shilei Sun, Yuming Xu*

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

 Email: xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Background-Pneumonia is a major cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in acute stroke population. We aimed to identify the risk factors related to stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in a Chinese stroke population. Materials and Methods-We prospectively investigated SAP for all the consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients admitted within 7 days from onset to hospital during Jan 2009 to Dec 2012. Data were from the database of the Henan Province Stroke Registry. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association of demographics, co-morbidities, and clinical characteristics with SAP. Results-Among 1142 eligible patients, the mean age was 60.3 ± 13.1 years, and 36.7% of the patients were female. The overall in-hospital SAP was 18.8%. Subjects who developed pneumonia were older (mean±SD age, 65.6±11.9 vs. 59.1±13.1 years), had higher modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (Median, 9 vs. 3), and a longer length of stay (22.4±12.3 vs. 14.0±7.4 days). After adjusting for potential confounders, age (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04), dysphagia (OR, 11.76; 95%CI, 7.21-19.19), admission NIHSS score (OR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.0-1.16) and length of stay (OR, 1.07; 95%CI, 1.05-1.10) were associated with a higher risk of SAP. Discussions-SAP is associated with older age, dysphagia, admission NIHSS score and length of stay. Simple assessment of these variables could be used to identify patients at high risk of developing pneumonia after stroke.

[Yapeng Li, Bo Song, Hui Fang, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Yusheng Li, Jun Wu, Shilei Sun, Yuming Xu. Risk Factors for Stroke-associated Pneumonia in a Chinese Population: a Prospective Cohort Study. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6): 378-382]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 53. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.53

Key words: risk factor; stroke-associated pneumonia; acute ischemic stroke

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Leukoaraiosis and Stroke

Zhengrong Wu, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu*

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

E-mail: xuyuming@ZZU.edu.cn, 13903711125@126.com

Abstract：Leukoaraiosis is a common finding in stroke patients, and has been strongly associated with poor outcome of stroke. It showed hypodense on CT scans or hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI on periventricular or subcortical areas (semi-oval center). This article reviews the pathology, pathogenesis, clinical significance and treatment of leukoaraiosis.

[Zhengrong Wu, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu. Leukoaraiosis and Stroke. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6): 383-387]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 54. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.54

Key words: leukoaraiosis; stroke

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A  Review of Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia

Yafang Xu, Bo Song, Lu Zhao, Yuan Gao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu*

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

* Email: xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is an uncommon vasculopathy of unclear aetiology affecting the arterial wall of vertebral and/or basilar arteries, which is easily misdiagnosed. The review summarizes research datas of VBD in recent years respectively from epidemiology, etiology and pathology, diagnosis, clinical manifestation and mechanism, treatment and prognosis, aiming to provide basis for the further study of VBD.

[Yafang Xu, Bo Song, Lu Zhao, Yuan Gao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu. A Review of Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6): 388-393]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). Http://www.lifesciencesite.com 55. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.55

Key words: vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, stroke, review

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New insights into single subcortical infarction

Quan Yong, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China

xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn

Abstract: Single subcortical infarction refers to the single infarction occurred in the territory of perforating arteries whose diameter is less than 20mm. SSI has been traditionally called “lacunar infarction” usually considered to be caused by small artery disease that pathologically characterized by lipohyalinosis or fibrinoid degeneration. It accounts for a quarter of all ischemic strokes and was long been considered to have a favorable outcome. However, it’s reported that single subcortical infarction can be caused by atherosclerosis in the parental artery through blocking the orifice of branch artery. With the development of image technology, from concept to pathogenesis and then clinical diagnosis and treatment have changed the traditional of the past. The article reviews the definition, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical and imaging features, treatment and other aspects of single subcortical infarction from the new insights.

[Quan Yong, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Hui Fang, Yuming Xu. New insights into single subcortical infarction.  Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):394-399]. (ISSN: 1097-8035). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.56

Keywords: Single subcortical infarction; Parent artery disease; Atherosclerosis; Branch artery occlusion

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Studying on pasteurellosis agent isolate from died saiga antelope

Zhumagali Koshemetov¹, Nurlan Sandybayev¹, Abylai Sansyzbay¹, Muhit Orynbayev¹, Berik Khairullin¹, Sergazi Nurabayev¹, Valentina Matveyeva¹, Marina Bogdanova¹, Gulnur Sugirbaeva¹, Madina Seisenbayeva¹, Assilbek Burabaev², Marlen Yessirkepov²

¹Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), the Republic of Kazakhstan

²South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

marlen-forex@inbox.ru

Abstract: The article contains the biological characterization of pasteurellosis strains isolated from dead saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan. Results demonstrated that pasteurellosis strains isolated from saiga antelopes from different periods had identical biological characteristics.

[Koshemetov Z, Sandybayev N, Sansyzbay A, Orynbayev M, Khairullin B, Nurabayev S, Matveyeva V, Bogdanova M, Sugirbaeva G, Seisenbayeva M, Burabaev A, Yessirkepov M. Studying on pasteurellosis agent isolate from died saiga antelope. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):400-407] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.57

Keywords: agar, biological characteristics, nutrient medium, pastuerellosis, saiga antelope, strain.

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Genetic Polymorphism of Prolactin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B and Insulin- like Growth Factor 1 Genes in Two Selected Lines of Japanese Quail

Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany¹, Ashraf Awad^1$, and Khairy M. El-Bayomi¹

¹ Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

dr_ashraf2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Quail is the smallest avian species raised for meat and egg production. It has several advantages as a laboratory bird for biological and biomedical investigations. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection in prolactin (PRL), Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor IB (BMPR-1B) and Insulin- like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) genes in egg and meat selected lines of Japanese quail. Meat line recorded significant superior body weight measurements at 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th and 6^th week of age (45.15, 85.64, 118.90, 164.22 and 176.67 g; respectively), compared those of egg line (36.72, 63.00, 84.36, 122.11 and 143.55 g; respectively). DNA was extracted from blood samples using commercial kits and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide polymorphisms between two selected lines were detected by DNA sequencing. Five nucleotide changes in PRL and BMPR-1B genes were identified and there was no nucleotide difference in IGF-1 gene between egg and meat selected lines. The further study was required to find mutation in other site of IGF-1 and the SNPs discovered in this study provided suitable markers for association studies of candidate genes with important economic traits in Japanese quail. This study also, opens interesting prospects for future selection programs, especially marker assisted selection.

[Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany, Ashraf Awad, and Khairy M. El-Bayomi. Genetic Polymorphism of Prolactin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B and Insulin- like Growth Factor 1 Genes in Two Selected Lines of Japanese Quail. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):408-416] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.58

Keywords: prolactin, BMPR-1B, IGF-1, polymorphism, selection, Japanese quail.

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Rule Based DSS in Controlling Construction Waste

Aftab Hameed Memon¹, Ismail Abdul Rahman¹, Irfana Memon²

¹Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia

²Quaid-E-Awam University Of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.

aftabm78@hotmail.com, aftabm78@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents the concept and the protocol in developing a Decision Support System (DSS) in which the system enables to trigger the construction waste generation factors. Once these factors been determined, the system will be able to provide options for controlling the generation of the waste. The system applies the rule-based reasoning in deciding right output for a specific input to the system.   The proposed DSS will use VB.net software package together with SQL Server for the database of the system. This system will help the practitioners and the government agencies in triggering the factors of construction waste generation and also for finding the possible controlling actions with their level of effectiveness. This will be useful for selecting the most suitable method for construction waste control.

[Memon AH, Rahman IA, Memon I. Rule Based DSS in Controlling Construction Waste. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):417-424]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.59

Keywords: Construction Waste, Rule-Based Reasoning, Decision Support System

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Genetic Divergence of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Population Using ISSR Markers

Yew Swe Shyan¹, Abdul Shukor Juraimi^1*, M.Y. Rafii^{1, 2}, M. Shabanimofrad¹_, Md. Amirul Alam¹, Md. Kamal Uddin² and M. A. Hakim^3,4

¹Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia

³Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia

⁴Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

ashukur@upm.edu.my

Abstract: Bermudagrass is a widely distributed turf grasses use in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the genetic variation on molecular level of bermudagrass was insufficient. In this study, a sum of 15 cultivars were collected from different accessions in Malaysia and being analyzed using Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR). A total of 172 fragments were generated from 15 selected ISSR primers. There are 164 polymorphic bands with 95.3% of polymorphism. Fragment size ranged from 120 to 1867bp. The cultivars were clustered into 5 major groups at coefficient level of 0.5 through arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The genetic similarity coefficient was range from 0.25 to 0.61 with an average of 0.43. Satiri and Melaka cultivars were clustered separately from their own hybrid and common clusters, respectively. These findings indicated that ISSR marker is an effective molecular method use to study genetic variation of bermudagrass and could be used for varietal development program.

[Shyan YS, Shukor AS, Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Alam MA, Uddin MK, Hakim MA. Genetic Divergence of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Population Using ISSR Markers. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):425-430]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.60

Keywords: Bermudagrass,; ISSR markers; Genetic diversity; Polymorphic.

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Collection and identification of different Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions available in Western Peninsular Malaysia

Md. Amirul Alam^1*, Abdul Shukor Juraimi¹, M. Y. Rafii^{1, 2}, Azizah Abdul Hamid³ and Farzad Aslani¹

¹Dept. of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE 43400, Malaysia

²Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE 43400, Malaysia

amirul81@gmail.com

Abstract: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is widely distributed around the globe and is popular as a beneficial herb in many areas of Europe, Asia, and the Mediterranean region. It is already very well known for its nutritional as well as medicinal values for both human and animal feeds. It is a rich source of potassium, magnesium, calcium and possesses the potential to be used as vegetable source of omega-3 and 6 fatty acids. It is very good source of alpha-linolenic acid and gamma-linolenic acid of any green leafy vegetable. It also contains high amount of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant content and nutritional value of purslane are important for human consumption. It revealed tremendous nutritional potential and has indicated the potential use of this herb for the future. Purslane is a very fast growing plant and can reproduce vegetatively from stem cuttings by forming adventitious roots from the cut end of the stem. Recently many plant species are threatened with extinction through human activity and the force of globalization. Plant collections are a valuable tool both in research and as a valid means of providing students at many educational levels with knowledge of and appreciation for the wonder, diversity, and beauty of plant life. Collection of diverse accessions, identification, preservation and proper management of such beneficial plants is very important for their diversity analysis which is essential for present and future human well-being. The identification of representative and manageable subset of accessions would facilitate access to the diversity available in large collections. Giving importance on the above matters a total of 45 different purslane samples were collected from different locations of Western Peninsular Malaysia, properly identified and subjected for future detailed analysis of morpho-physiological and nutritional variations among the collections.

[Alam MA, Shukor AS, Rafii MY, Hamid AA, Aslani F. Collection and identification of different Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions available in Western Peninsular Malaysia. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):431-437]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.61

Keywords: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.); sample collection; identification; morphological variation.

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Historical periodization of Turkic languages

Maira Abibullakyzy Zhunissova

Department of Theory language and kazakh literature, Seyfullina512, Kazakhstan, Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 090000

zhmaira_71@mail.ru

Abstract: The development of the Turkic languages should again consider the following extralinguistical factors, it means every historical period in (instruction of individual languages) and out. Periodization Kazakh language history: firstly, should careful to creation Kazakh nation and process organize nation for explain the history Kazakh language (people language, organizing national language). Kazakh people like other tribes had little ethic group. It has organized from dad to ru, from ru to union ru, from union ru to tribe, from tribe to union tribe, from union tribe to ulus, from ulus to nation. Scientists connecting History Kazakh language with history Turkic language (N. Baskakov, A. Kaidar, etc) had noticed 6 ages: altay age, gun age, ancient Turkic age, middle Turkic age, new age, modern age. We can’t say whole age altay, cause it hadn’t whole experienced just know: there were Turkic-mongol, tungus-manchzhur, korea-japon languages. Some experience informed history Turkic language had shumer age besides altay age. There historical writing memorial, writing badge Kazakh language connecting Kazakh history are very important organizing as a nation, people. Therefore, the periodization Turkic languages could be optimized by the application of the developed simulation model.

[Maira Abibullakyzy Zhunissova. Historical periodization of Turkic languages. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):438-444]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.62

Keyword: Turkic languages, periodization, globalization epoch of Turkic languages, relationship of Turkic language’s.

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An Integrated Approach for Medical Image Enhancement using Wavelet Transforms and Image Filtering

Muneer Ahmad ¹, Noor Zaman ², Low Tang Jung ³, Mudassir Ilyas ⁴, Dayang Awang  Rohaya ⁵

^{1, 2, 4} College of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

^{3, 5} Department of Computer Science, University Technology PETRONAS, Malaysia

mmalik@kfu.edu.sa

Abstract: Medical image enhancement is a fundamental optimization problem in computer science. Enhanced images can provide better insight of patient’s disease and remedy for cure. Researchers have been paying great consideration over this challenging problem yet a significant optimal solution is need of time. This paper presents an integrated approach for medical image enhancement using wavelet transforms and image filtering. We have transformed the RGB image to a gray scale image, the transformed image was then filtered by low pass and high pass band discrete filters of third order. A soft threshold factor applied over decomposed wavelet coefficients obtained in high frequency spectral regions of signal produced a significant noise suppressed signal. Another application of prewitt operator in signal convolution helped in uniform smoothing in one direction and edge detection in other direction. The target smoothed noise suppressed image outperformed for a significant percentage of improvement by bringing significant results over traditional image enhancement techniques. We are ambitious to contrive new wavelet functions based on dyadic de-noising filters and threshold factors (soft and hard thresholds) to suppress the signal noise for robust medical image enhancement as an imminent anticipation.

[Ahmad M, Zaman N, Tang L, Mudassir Q, Awang D. An Integrated Approach for Medical Image Enhancement using Wavelet Transforms and Image Filtering. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):445-449]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.63

Keywords: Image enhancement; wavelet transforms; noise suppression; prewitt filter; discrete filters; soft threshold

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Radiographical Evaluation of Styloid Process (A Comparative Study Between Panoramic and Skyview Cone Beam Computed Tomography) In Iraqi Population

Amal R.S. Mohammed¹, FatinKh. Abbas²and Nuhad Al. Hassan²

¹Department of oral radiology in the college of dentistry – Al- Mustansiria University, Iraq

²Department of oral radiology in the college of dentistry – Al- Mustansiria University, Iraq

dr.amal_raouf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: This study was performed to compare the lenght, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process and its relation to age between panoramic and skyview cone beam computed tomography in the Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed digital panoramic and skyview images of 20 subjects. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: Chi-square between elongation patterns type and calcification patterns type in panoramic showed statistically significant difference as same as in skyview images with (p-value = 0.042, p-value = 0.047) respectively.Chi-square between panoramic and skyview images by age groups of calcification patterns type demonstrated statistically significant difference with (p-value = 0.046). Conclusions: Dentist should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs and skyview images.The calcification of styloid process was more common in the older age group and type I was observed more frequently in the population studied.

[Amal R.S. Mohammed, FatinKh. Abbas and Nuhad Al. Hassand. Radiographical Evaluation of Styloid Process (A Comparative Study Between Panoramic and Skyview Cone Beam Computed Tomography) In Iraqi Population. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):450-457]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.64

Keywords: Styloid process,panoramic, 3D panoramic images, calcification.

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Phytosociology and phytochemical screening of the medicinal weed Malva parviflora L.

Hanaa S. Shehata¹ and T.M. Galal²

¹ Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

² Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

drhanaa_fahmy@hotmail.com

Abstract: Malva parviflora (common mallow) is a wild medicinal herb, which needs more management planes, and thus we studied its distribution and phytochemical constituents along five different habitats (cultivated lands, orchards, canals, drains and roadsides) in the Nile Delta region. In addition, the behavior of its common associated species along the prevailing environmental conditions was also assessed. Eighty-six species (50 annuals and 36 perennials) along 50 stands, representing the different habitats, were recorded. Therophytes predominated over the other life forms, while bi-regional taxa contributed the highest chorological elements. M. Parviflora is a therophytic plant that has Mediterranean distribution intermingled with Irano-Turanian elements. Four vegetation groups (VG) were produced by the application of TWINSPAN and DECORANA as classification and ordination techniques, respectively. VG (C) dominating the cultivated lands was the most diverse. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that, calcium carbonates, organic carbon, potassium adsorption ratio, carbonates, electrical conductivity and potassium were the most effective soil variables on the distribution of common mallow and its associated species along the different habitats. Phytochemical screening of leaves, stems and roots of M. parviflora indicated the presence of active compounds including: saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols in both wild and cultivated plants, while tannins were not detected in the former ones. There was a significant difference in these active compounds between wild and cultivated organs as well as between the different organs of the same plant. The investigated phytochemicals were present in considerable concentrations that render, in addition to its wide distribution, M. parviflora a promising plant for pharmaceutical purposes.

[Hanaa S. Shehata and T.M. Galal. Phytosociology and phytochemical screening of the medicinal weed Malva parviflora L. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):458-468]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.65

Keywords: Common mallow, diversity, distribution, weeds, communities, phytochemistry.

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Team Size Optimization – a Management Panacea: Fact or Fantasy

Waqar Ahmad Gulzar

Department of Industrial Engineering, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

00966-503632416 (m); wahmed@kau.edu.sa

Stream: Information System Engineering

Abstract: This paper discusses recent research findings in software engineering concerning the optimum size of teams to be employed during project execution. The unique advantages of software development using water-fall life-cycle method are explored. Optimizing the team sizes for successful completion of projects is discussed with a case example from the armed services taken as a general rule. It has been considered from many years that the optimum team size for several military tasks and similar complex projects, is four. Even so, research efforts on team size optimization is still lively in software engineering area. The author examines the recent research efforts into optimization of team size for testing, defect detection and other stages of waterfall life cycle model. It is concluded that the findings of the author on the likelihood of life-cycle optimal team sizes may exist at some stages, but for other stages the evidence is still inconclusive.

[Waqar Ahmad Gulzar. Team Size Optimization – a Management Panacea: Fact or Fantasy. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):469-478]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.66

Keywords: Waterfall Model, COCOMO, System Design, Metrics, Software, Team Building, Productivity, Optimization

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Cortical Plasticity in Patients with Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury; Effect of Massed Practice and Somatosensory Stimulation

Mahmoud E. Nasser¹, Mohamed R. Awad², Mervat A. Reda¹, Nevine M.El Nahaas³, Irene R. Amin¹ and Samah A. Assem¹

¹Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

²Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

³Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

irene_raouf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown that massed practice (MP) and somatosensory stimulation (SS) produce use-dependent cortical reorganization and can induce changes in the excitability of the cortical projections. Aim of work: was to compare between MP, MP with SS, and conventional rehabilitation techniques on cortical plasticity in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients and methods: This prospective study included 25 patients with incomplete cervical SCI divided randomly into 3 groups: Group (I): received MP therapy and conventional rehabilitation (N=10). Group (II): received MP therapy, SS and conventional rehabilitation (N=10). Group (III): received conventional rehabilitation (N=5). TMS was performed to assess: Motor threshold (MT), peak-to-peak amplitude and latency. After 3 weeks of rehabilitation we compared pre and post TMS parameters in each group and the change in these parameters between the three groups. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in motor threshold in groups I and group II (P<0.05) post-rehabilitation, while there was no statistically significant difference in amplitude or latency (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference post-rehabilitation as regards MT, amplitude and latency ingroup (III) (P>0.05). On comparing between the 3 groups: Groups (I) and (II) showed a greater decrease in the MT and a greater increase in the amplitude of MEP than group (III) but the difference was of no statistical significance (P>0.05). Thus, the combination of MP and SS results in changes in cortical excitability in patients with SCI manifested in the MT needed to elicit the MEP’s.

[Mahmoud E. Nasser, Mohamed R. Awad, Mervat A. Reda, Nevine M. El Nahaas, Irene R. Amin and Samah A. Assem. Cortical Plasticity in Patients with Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury; Effect of Massed Practice and Somatosensory Stimulation. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):479-485]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.67

Key words: Cervical spinal cord injury, cortical plasticity, massed practice, somatosensory stimulation

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Monitoring Bending and Buckling of Long Pipelines due to Environmental Effects

Raghied Atta ¹, Naseer Ahmad ²

^1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia

^2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia

dr.n.ahmed@hotmail.com

Abstract: Pipeline systems are widely used for distribution and transportation of petroleum, natural gas, water, and sewage. Pipeline operators face many threats to the integrity of pipelines. These include buckling and bending of the pipelines due to temperature changes, internal pressure or ground movement. Different types of sensors are used to monitor the stress in different directions of the pipe walls which include acoustic sensors, optical fiber sensors and strain gauges. In this paper a multi-node wireless sensor network that is distributed along the longitudinal axis of the pipeline is proposed. Bidirectional strain gauges connected to each node of the network measures the hoop and axial stresses along the pipeline. The data collected from each node is wirelessly transmitted through the network and processed at the receiving node. The data from individual nodes will be used to calculate the expansion due to internal pressure and temperature change, whereas the combined data from various strain gauges will be used to calculate the bending in pipe due to ground movement.

[Raghied Atta, Naseer Ahmad. Monitoring Bending and Buckling of Long Pipelines due to Environmental Effects. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):486-490]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.68

Keywords: Predictive maintenance, strain gauges, wireless sensor network

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Microstructure features of dictionaries of linguistic terms

Assel Meiramovna Akhmetbekova

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi avenue, 71, Almaty, 050040 , Kazakhstan

Abstract. This article is devoted to the microstructure features of dictionaries of linguistic terms. The problem of an internal structure of a dictionary entry deals with its organization and construction. In the article basic lexicographic elements of the entry are characterized and on the basis of their analysis microstructures of English, Russian and Kazakh dictionaries are compared. The comparison of the internal structure of the entry is performed by eleven lexicographic elements. The typical structure of the entry is a really detailed description of a term and its interconnection with other terms in linguistics as a separate branch of science.

[Akhmetbekova A.M. Microstructure features of dictionaries of linguistic terms. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):491-495] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.69

Keywords: dictionary, microstructure, entry, term, definition.

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Issues on colour symbolism as component of ethnic culture 

Umit Anessova and Bagdan Mamynova 

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi ave., 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Language can mean in two fundamental ways, both of which are intimately linked to culture: through what it says or what it refers to as an encoded sign, and what it does as an action in context. The problem of symbolism has been dealt with in the investigations of a number of authors. An important problem arises in connection with the study of colour-symbols in modern linguistic and cultural studies. The basic idea is that colour-symbols are universal code of cultures independently from its cultural and geographical distances. The paper abounds in illustrative material, examples. The author tries to throw light on the problem of functioning colour-symbols in Kazakh culture through comparing it with other languages. Comparison of the data obtained, has made it possible to assert that colour-symbols in Kazakh culture plays very important role in metaphorization and phraseologization of colour-denotation; it enables us to draw a conclusion that colour-denotation is one of the main component of ethnic culture as well.

[Anessova U., Mamynova B. Issues on colour symbolism as component of ethnic culture. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):496-501] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.70

Keywords: symbol, language culture, cultural background, social background, signs, encoding, colour-symbol, colour-denotation, language portrait of the world.

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Complex modifications of phraseological units and the ways of their translation

Elena Fridrikhovna Arsenteva and Albina Ramilevna Kayumova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The article, firstly, presents the typology of modifications of phraseological units (PUs). Secondly, it outlines the main steps that have been taken by linguists to identify adequate ways of translating PU modifications from one language into another. Thirdly, it aims at analyzing functional equivalents of contextually modified PUs taken from the novel of Salman Rushdie Haroun and the Sea of Stories. The modifications under analysis are phraseological pun, extended phraseological metaphor and phraseological saturation of discourse.

[Arsenteva E.F., Kayumova A.R. Complex modifications of phraseological units and the ways of their translation. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):502-506] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.71

Keywords: Discourse, modifications, phraseological units, translation, phraseological pun, extended phraseological metaphor, phraseological saturation of discourse

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The account of psychological features of pupils of the senior classes of a technical grammar school in the course of professionally focused training

Ruslan Melisovich Asanaliev¹, Zora Fayzollaevna Fayzullina², Kulyash Narzildaevna Baisalbayeva³, Taipova Mariam K.¹,  Shirinkyz Tileubergenovna Shekerbekova⁴ and Gulnar Atyhanovna Madjarova³

¹Academy of Design and Technology Symbat, Kunaev d.43-47/65a, 050004, Republic of Kazakhstan

²Bishkek Humanities University, Prospekt Mira, 27, Bishkek, 720044, Kyrgyz Republic

³Almaty Academy of Economics and Statistics, Zhandosov, 59, Almaty, 050035, Republic of Kazakhstan

⁴Kazаkh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, Dostyk, 13, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. Psychological features of pupils of a technical grammar school for the purpose of their account in the course of profile training in general and learning of foreign language in a technical grammar school in particular are analyzed. The obtained data confirms expediency of profile training at modern senior school and necessity of the account of internal social and external positive motives of learning of foreign language which are supervising for pupils of profile senior classes.

[Asanaliev R.M., Fayzullina Z.F., Baisalbayeva K.N., Taipova M.K., Shekerbekova S.T., Madjarova G.A. The account of psychological features of pupils of the senior classes of a technical grammar school in the course of professionally focused training. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):507-510] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.72

Keywords: Modern education system, differentiation and individualization of education, process of industry-specific training, individually significant inner motives.

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Macrostructural parameters of unilingual Russian phraseological dictionaries

Roza Allyametdinovna Ayupova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

Abstract. The paper analyzes macrostructural parameters of unilingual Russian phraseological dictionaries beginning from the very first ones to the latest diachronically. The focus of the research is the process of selecting phraseological units, methods of their arranging in the dictionary, alphabetical and other indexes use, target user etc., and changes these parameters of dictionaries undergo. The above mentioned characteristics of dictionaries are considered to be part of their metalanguage.

[Ayupova R.A. Macrostructural parameters of unilingual Russian phraseological dictionaries. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):511-515] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.73

Keywords: unilingual phraseological dictionary, macrostructural parameters, lemmata, head phrase, entry, cross-references.

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Word-formation in Kazakh toponyms

Zhanna Bugybaykyzy Bugybayeva¹, Anargul Kabdylkyzy Omarova¹, Zuhra Eshtaevna Sydykova², Koc Kenan, Tazhibek Akzholovich Bogatov⁴, Lyazzat Akzholovna Bogatova⁵

¹Abay Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Institute of Master’s and PhD doctorate, Dzhambul str., 25, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan

²International Humanitarian Technical University, A.Baitursunov str., 80, Shymkent, 160000, Kazakhstan

³Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Muğla, 48000, Turkey

⁴T.Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University, Zhandosov str., 55, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

⁵South Kazakhstan Humanitarian Institute named after M.Saparbayev, Medeli kozha str., 137, Shymkent, 160013, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Modern Kazakh values: nation, language, culture can be analyzed through its word-stock of geographical terms - toponyms. In general, toponyms of any country can reveal linguistic and cultural peculiarities national language: history of the nation, its famous people, development, famous events, national characteristics and etc. In our research we analyzed the word-formation analysis and ontological features of Kazakh toponyms, peculiar characteristics of well-known place names in the country and classified them according to their structure and gave detailed word-formation analysis of toponyms. While analyzing structural forms of toponyms, we pay attention to anthropological principles of regional names of geographical places: cities, towns, villages, streets, sea, rivers, deserts, forests, ethno-cultural and historical places of Kazakhstan.

[Bugybayeva Z.B., Omarova A.K., Sydykova Z.E., Kenan K., Bogatov T.A., Bogatova L.A. Word-formation in Kazakh toponyms. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):516-521] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.74

Keywords: toponyms, proper names, eponyms, hydronyms, onamastics

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Sensory branding institutionalization

Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Drobysheva

Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky prospekt, 29, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article covers the problem of institutionalization of sensory branding that is popular corporate marketing instrument today. It presupposes application of all five sensory perception channels of a man – eyesight, hearing, taste, sense of smell, sense of touch. Consumers and companies in their behavior rely on a certain rules and norms, or in other words institutions. Institutions make reason of sensory branding functioning. Institutionalization of sensory branding presupposes using analysis of institutions of sensory branding in multi-sensory brand development and in its management for companies working on consumer market.

[Drobysheva E.A. Sensory branding institutionalization. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):522-524] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.75

Keywords: branding, brand, sensory branding, multi-sensory brand, institutions, sensory branding institutions.

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Formation of general cultural competencies of students in the educational space of the University

Rezida Akhatovna Fahrutdinova, Rifat Rifovich Fahrutdinov and Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Konopatskaya

Kazan Federal University, Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication

Kremlyovskaya Street,18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. Worldwide basic social institution which carries out human adaptation to changing conditions is a system of education. The article discusses the role and place of liberal education in the training of future specialists. This article discusses the process of formation of common cultural competencies of students in the higher education system. The authors present a theoretical basis research problems and results of experimental studies on the implementation of the competency approach in accordance with the new educational standards in the integration of the national education system in the world educational space.

[Fahrutdinova R.A., Fahrutdinov R.R., Konopatskaya E.A. Formation of general cultural competencies of students in the educational space of the university. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):525-529] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.76

Keywords: human culture, according culture area, competence approach, competence, competency, general cultural competence.

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Autistic children: from social isolation to social aid 

Maksim Aleksandrovich Kostenko 

Altai State University, pr. Lenina, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the poorly studied problem of arranging social aid to families parenting children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on the analysis of the actual daily needs of the families having autistic children, the main channels of aid rendered to such families as well as the frustrated needs of the families are revealed. Discussion of the results of the empirical research shows the inconsistency of the existing system of formal aid to the families, fragmentary and incomplete nature of the resource of professional aid to families affected by ASD. This article analyzes the daily experience of parents of children who have ASD as the immediate subjects of the aftercare process and closely studies the process of objectivation of the role of families affected by ASD in the governmental system of social aid rendered to atypical children. Analysis of the frustrated demands of the life activities of the families affected by ASD allowed to reveal the main obstacles at rendering the social aid as well as the professional "targets" of further optimization of the structure and content of social services for this category of the population.

[Kostenko M.A. Autistic children: from social isolation to social aid. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):530-534] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.77

Keywords: social isolation, social aid to children who have autism spectrum disorders, the model of disability, social attitude.

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The national innovation system: the conditions of its making and factors in its development 

Nikolay Vasil'evich Lyasnikov¹, Mikhail Nikolaevich Dudin², Vladimir Dmitriyevich Sekerin³, Mikhail Yakovlevich Veselovsky⁴ andVera Grigoryevna Aleksakhina⁴

¹Russian Academy of Business, Radio St., 14, Moscow, 105005, Russia

²Russian Academy of Entrepreneurship, Radio St., 14, Moscow, 105005, Russia

³Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering, Bolshaya Semenovskaya St., 38, Moscow, 107023, Russia

⁴Financial and Technological Academy, Gagarin St., 42, Korolyev, 141070, Moscow region, Russia

Abstract. This article examines general issues in the formation of national innovation systems amidst social-economic transformations. The author generalizes and structurizes the major elements of the national innovation system, systematizes its functions, classifies critical factors in its evolutionary development, and brings to light the role of the innovation system in forming a platform for the sustainable development of the global economy and national economies that make it up. The article demonstrates that the development of the national innovation system involves, based on the sustainable development concept, a consistent change of priorities in terms of searching for, developing, testing, and adopting all kinds of innovation.

[Lyasnikov N.V., Dudin M.N., Sekerin V.D., Veselovsky M.Y., Aleksakhina V.G. The national innovation system: the conditions of its making and factors in its development. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):535-538] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.78

Keywords: innovation, sustainable development, social-economic growth, national innovation system, knowledge, transformation, innovativeness factors

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Sex-age dynamics of development of technical giftedness’ signs

Elena Efimovna Merzon, Olga Michailovna Shterts, Olga Vasilyevna Shatunova and Alexey Nikolaevich Panfilov

Kazan Federal University, Kazan str., 89, Elabuga, 423600, Russia

Abstract. The authors investigate the issue of diagnostics and development of technical giftedness at school age. Theoretic part is devoted to the description of structural components of technical giftedness of a person. Empirical part contains the results of authors’ study of sex-age dynamics observed in development of technical giftedness’ characteristics. Socio-pedagogical stereotype is identified: it seems that boys manifest signs of technical giftedness more often and in greater extent than girls do.

 [Merzon E.E., Shterts O.M., Shatunova O.V., Panfilov A.N. Sex-age dynamics of development of technical giftedness’ signs. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):539-542] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.79

Keywords: technical giftedness, development of giftedness, diagnostics of giftedness, technical comprehension

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The emancipation of women in the peasant community in Russia of the 1920s’: in the context of Mordovians

Vladimir Miroshkin

Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evseviev, Studencheskaya St., 11а, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Abstract. The article studies the change in social status of woman in the Mordovian community environment in 1920s’. The relation of the peasant community to the Soviet power policy on the women emancipation is considered based on archival sources and folklore material. The paper analyzes the status of Mordovian woman during the emergence of new stereotypes and moral values, as well as considers the basic forms of involving Mordovian women in social and political life. Emphasis is placed on the importance of national factor and communal principles in preserving the traditional world outlook. The research findings and conclusions are used by Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evsev’ev in the educational process through teaching the bachelors disciplines, such as "History of Russia" and "Ethnography of Russian folks", as well as following courses: "Formation of ethno-cultural and ethno-religious tolerance of students of pedagogical high school" and "Cultural history of Mordovian territory".

[Miroshkin V. The emancipation of women in the peasant community in Russia of the 1920s’: in the context of Mordovians. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):543-546] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.80

Keywords: Emancipation of women, gender, community, peasants, Mordovians, Soviet power.

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Multimedia technologies as a tool for teaching supervision over the students' skills (within the course on “music theory training”)

Larisa Parshina

Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evseviev, Studencheskaya St., 11а, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to finding the ways of exercising teaching supervision over the students' skills. The author sees the use of the multimedia technologies in the training process as the solution to this issue, which allow exercising teaching supervision in the best manner and assessing the establishment of the students' skills within the course on “Music Theory Training”. At the premises of the Mordovia State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evseveva the work intended for the use of the multimedia technologies in the students' training process and finding the assessment tools for exercising teaching supervision over the skills is actively carried out. A supervisory assessment system, with has a holistic functional organization and combines the traditional and innovative methods of the skills supervision, has been developed at the university. As a result of the research it has been found out, that exercising teaching supervision using the multimedia technologies allows optimizing, adapting and personalizing the training process and improving the quality of the educational services.

[Parshina L. Multimedia technologies as a tool for teaching supervision over the students' skills (within the course on “music theory training”). Life Sci J 2014;11(6):547-551] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.81

Keywords: Teaching supervision, students' skills, music theory, multimedia, multimedia technologies, education quality.

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The correlation between linguistic and conceptual worldviews: the role of metaphor 

Aida Sadykova, Diana Kayumova  

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremliovskaya str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russian Federation

Abstract. The present work considers correlation between linguistic and conceptual worldviews, the role of metaphor in forming conceptual worldview, the development of semantic and cognitive trend in the framework of cognitive linguistics, interpretation of notions ‘concept’ and ‘sphere of concepts’ as basic categories of cognitive linguistics, basics of the cognitive approach to the analysis of conceptual metaphor. Metaphor allows structuring and comparing segments of national conceptual worldviews. It establishes association correspondence between spheres of concepts of cognitive consciousness of native speakers, plays the role of a tool to implement categorization and organized classification of human experience set in the language and represented by the linguistic units.

[Sadykova A., Kayumova D. The correlation between linguistic and conceptual worldviews: the role of metaphor. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):552-555] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.82

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, semantic and cognitive approach, categorization of reality, sphere of concepts, linguistic view of the world, conceptual worldview, semantics.

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Mental and psychological roots of Kazakhstan multiculturalism

Julduz Azimhanovna Saparova¹, Tursun Hafizovich Gabitov²,  Altynay Mustafayevna Kadyraliyeva², Nurlan Begalyiev³ and Serik Shabayevich Tleubayev⁴

¹M.O.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Tazhibaev Street, 2, Shimkent, 004813, Kazakhstan

²Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Street, 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan

³Kazakh-American University, Toraigirov Street, 29, 050043, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract. For the Republic of Kazakhstan the problem of mental orientation is of great significance. This is the cause of quite a reasonable question to be responded with regard to the mental orientation of the Kazakhstani people. What is the right direction of identification – either to the Asia and East or Europe and West? – The answer is that the mentality of the people of Kazakhstan is a way closer to Euro-Asiatic or Eurasian. It should not be confused with the ideas of the pioneering Russian Eurasians like N.Trubetskoy and P.Savitskiy. The point is to absorb all the best features of the Oriental and Western cultures. The location of Kazakhstan is quite unique and favorable for this sort of synthesis as it is situated in the center of the Eurasian mainland.

[Saparova J.A., Gabitov T.H., Kadyraliyeva A.M., Begalyiev N., Tleubayev S.S. Mental and psychological roots of Kazakhstan multiculturalism. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):556-559] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.83

Keywords: Mentality, cultural identity, multiculturalism, national self-identification, dialogue of cultures.

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Onthological essence of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s symbolic hermeneutics in the context of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy

Albina Mazgarovna Sayapova and Elena Fridrikhovna Arsenteva

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str.,18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

Abstract. Vyacheslav Ivanov’s works devoted to Goethe’s creative activity and interpreted from the point of view of comparative studies allow us to start the research concerning resonance harmony between Ivanov’s symbolic interpretation of Goethe’s creativity and Heidegger’s philosophy. On the one hand, hermeneutic interpretation of some theoretical propositions of Ivanov concerning symbolism in the light of Heidegger’s ontological philosophy gives us the opportunity to establish essential comprehension of symbolic images. On the other hand, Heidegger’s ontological concept “non- secrecy of being” may be comprehended through the method of symbolic interpretation worked out by Ivanov.

[Sayapova A.M., Arsenteva E.F. Onthological essence of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s symbolic hermeneutics in the context of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):560-564] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.84

Keywords: symbolism, ontological philosophy, hermeneutics, person’s (character’s) essential (worldless) “I”, “hidden essence” (Heidegger)

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Formation of sociocultural competence among students of a pedagogical higher education institution using ICT when learning foreign languages

Tatiana  Ivanovna  Shukshina and Larissa Yevgenievna Babushkina

FSBEI HPE "Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evsevyev", Studencheskaya Str., 11a, Saransk, 430007, Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of formation of sociocultural competence among students of pedagogical higher education institutions majoring in information and communication technologies (ICT) when studying foreign languages. The authors analyzed the main trends of studies in this problematic area. The analysis is based on theoretical sources and practical experience identifying the pedagogical conditions aimed at effective formation of sociocultural competence among students of pedagogical higher education institutions, namely: actualization of the sociocultural aspect of studying foreign languages using the ICT means; preparation of students to independent work when studying foreign languages with the ICT means; creation of information and communication training medium of studying foreign languages with relevant scientific and methodological support. The article describes the methods and results of experience and experimental studies of formation of the sociocultural competence among students of pedagogical higher education institutions with the ICT means when studying foreign languages. These studies were conducted at The Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evsevjev» (MordSPI).

[Shukshina T.I.  Babushkina L.Y. Formation of sociocultural competence among students of a pedagogical higher education institution using ICT when learning foreign languages. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):565-568] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.85

Keywords: sociocultural competence, information and communication technologies, pedagogical conditions, students of pedagogical higher education institutions, independent work, information and communication means

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The peculiarities of communicative approach to Russian language teaching at the material of literary texts

Galina Nikolaevna Starchenko

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Mira Street, 60, Pavlodar, 140002, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The article suggests the approach to Russian language teaching by the material of literary texts with the orientation at speech development and formation of communicative competence. The implementation of this approach promotes the formation of orthographic and punctuation literacy, grammatical and stylistic correctness of speech, adequate communicative situation, expressive monologic speech. The specific character of Russian language teaching is determined by the requirements of modern society to the present-day pupil of the secondary school: Russian language fluency in different spheres of communication.

[Starchenko G.N. The peculiarities of communicative approach to Russian language teaching at the material of literary texts. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):569-573] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.86

Keywords: literary text, linguistic personality, communicative competence, communicative skills, principle of functionality, speech competence, linguistic competence, communicative situation, dialogue, monologic utterance.

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Gradability and intensification of the language quantity (on the materials of English, Russian and Japanese) 

Vitaly Glebovich Subich, Nailya Gabdelkhamitovna Mingazova, Liya Faridovna Shangaraeva 

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street, 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia 

Abstract. The languages under consideration possess numerous lexical as well as grammatical groups of quantity representation. English, Russian and Japanese are exuberant in pure quantification markers and markers of gradability which do not have pure quantitative meaning, but correlate with it. Gradability is connected with norm aberration, marking a ‘more than the norm’ or ‘less than the norm’ situation. Intensification is not only norm deflection, but also a kind of evaluation. The role of context is by all means of paramount importance when defining positive or negative types of evaluation.

[Subich V.G., Mingazova N.G., Shangaraeva L.F. Gradability and intensification of the language quantity (on the materials of English, Russian and Japanese). Life Sci J 2014;11(6):574-578] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.87

Keywords: language quantity, emotional quantity, pure quantification, standard aberration (deviation), gradability, intensification, evaluation, an intensifier

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Academician I. V. Davydovskiy on pathology, physiology and biological fitness of the organism for adaptation, ecology and environmental fitness of the functional systems involved in the process of adaptation

Olga Ivanovna Ustinova

Medical Institute “REAVIZ”, Chapaevskaya str. 227, Samara, 443001, Russian Federation

Abstract. Ippolit Vasilyevich Davydovskiy (1887-1968) is the largest Russian pathologist and Vice-President of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. He has developed the problems of infectious diseases, the pathogenesis of sepsis, wound complications, atherosclerosis and in the decline of years – gerontology, the problems diseases causation and health maintenance. Pathology is the field of biology, which studies life disorders arising because of insufficiency of adaptive reserves. The state of the adaptive mechanisms of the organism causes the transformation of the pathological into physiological and back. Ecology is the field of biology, which studies the adaptive processes of the organisms to the impact of the environment, studying the principles of natural selection and self-preservation of the biological species. Activity of the adaptive responses reflects the biological fitness of the organism to adapt, ecological fitness of the functional systems involved in the process of adaptation, the possibility of self-preservation and evolution of the organism.

[Ustinova O.I. Academician I. V. Davydovskiy on pathology, physiology and biological fitness of the organism for adaptation, ecology and environmental fitness of the functional systems involved in the process of adaptation. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):579-582] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.88

Keywords: I. V. Davydovskiy, adaptation, pathology, physiology, ecology, immunity, biological fitness of the organism to adapt, ecological fitness of the functional systems involved in the process of adaptation.

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Media on environmental problems in Kazakhstan 

Nazym Tursynkyzy Zhurtbay 

Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Al Farabi 71, Almaty, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan 

Abstract. This article discusses the impact of global climate change on Kazakhstan using examples of the recent flood disaster and other ecological crises in Almaty and its oblast against the background of the media’s role in preventing environmental disasters. The article argues that media have to play a watchdog role on environmental issues and have to inform citizens of how environmental issues can affect their lives. It cites relevant examples from the fire and flood damage in Los Angeles and surrounding areas and shows how future environmental disasters can affect the Almaty region’s tourism industry.

[Zhurtbay N.T. Media on environmental problems in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):583-585] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.89

Keywords: Kazakhstan, Almaty, environment, ecology, media.

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Dichotomous Systemic Analysis

Victor Yakovlevich Tsvetkov

Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation MGTU MIREA, Vernadsky Prospekt, 78, Moscow, 119454, Russia

Abstract. The article describes the basic principles of dichotomous systemic analysis and the features of how people perceive dichotomous concepts. Besides, the article shows the difference between the dichotomous analysis and dichotomous systemic analysis. It gives paradigmatic expressions for the assessment of system properties and for such notions as “system” and “non-system”. Moreover, the article reveals the essence of parse tree used in dichotomous analysis and gives a method to detect system properties and to assess the complexity of a system.

[Tsvetkov V.Y. Dichotomous Systemic Analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):586-590] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.90

Keywords: systemic analysis, complex system, dichotomous analysis, system properties, non-system properties, “non-system”, “non-factor”, parse tree, the assessment of system’s complexity.

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A model of flows of distribution in the network 

Natalya Naumova and Larisa Danovich

Kuban State Technological University, 2-A Moskovskaya str., 350072, Krasnodar, Russia

Abstract. A network is a multichannel structure in which two points are linked by a number of lines consisting of sectors and routes. A mathematical model of network flows distribution based on the Erlang law was developed. We introduced our classification of nodes as well as the criteria of efficiency of flows distribution. The analytical dependence of such indices as the mean value of delay-in-queue and the weight of node, i.e. the mean number of requests on queue, on the Erlang time distribution parameters was deduced. The relevance of the developed model of network operation was empirically proved in the transportation network of an urban locality.

[Naumova N., Danovich L. A model of flows of distribution in the network. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):591-597] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.91

Keywords: mathematical model, network flow, transportation network, Erlang distribution, node

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Outcome of Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Saleh S Baeesa, MBChB, FRCSC

Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

sbaeesa@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Objective: To describe treatment outcome in patients who had undergone microsurgery for clipping of cerebral aneurysm.  Methods: A retrospective chart review of the clinical, radiological and operative records of patients who had undergone surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) between January 2001 and December 2012 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. The patient’s demographic a clinical data, including their neurological status and graded according to the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS), cerebral imaging findings, and surgical notes were reviewed. Outcome was assessed according the Glasgow outcome score (GOS). Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests were performed to determine the association between GOS and the study variables.  Results: Thirty-three patients were included; with a mean (SD) age of the patients was 43.5 (12.0) years (range, 17-65 years). Females constituted 63.6% of the sample. The average aneurysm size was 11.5 (5.2) mm, and they were, in most cases, located in the anterior communicating artery. Most patients (n=13; 39.4%) had a clinical grade of 1; only one patient (3.0%) had a clinical grade of 4. Approximately 60% of the patients showed evidence of SAH on CT scan; in about one third of the cases, the findings were normal. Twenty-eight patients (84.8%) had a good GOS. Good GOS were more likely in patients without postoperative vasospasm (P=0.04), hydrocephalus (P =0.021), and in patients with aneurysms < 10 mm in diameter (P =0.044). Conclusion: Patients who undergo surgery for clipping of IAs have a good outcome. Aneurysm size, and the presence of preoperative brain edema, hydrocephalus, and postoperative vasospasm were found to significantly affect the outcome in our patients.

[Saleh S Baeesa. Outcome of Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):598-603]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.92

Key Words: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cerebral aneurysms, Clinical grading; Surgical clipping; Glasgow outcome score; Saudi Arabia

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Comparison between the accuracy of conventional white light endoscopy, magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Sherif monier Mohamed (MD) ⁽¹⁾, Ragaa Ahmed Salem (MD) ⁽²⁾, Mostafa Hamed Abd Elaleem (MD) ⁽³⁾, Reda Saied (MD) ⁽⁴⁾

Department Of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) ⁽¹⁾, Department Of Pathology ⁽²⁾, Department Tropical Medicine ⁽³⁾, Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Department Tropical Medicine, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital ⁽⁴⁾, Cairo, Egypt.

Sherifmonier@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. The diagnosis of GERD is based on the combination of clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and histological changes. Aim: To compare the accuracy of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in diagnosing GERD with conventional white light (CWL) endoscopy and histopathology. Subject and methods: In the present study150 patients suffering from symptoms suggestive of GERD underwent CWL en­doscopy and NBI endoscopy, followed by multiple endoscopic biopsies. Biopsies were taken 2 cm above the esophagogastric junction and then transferred to the pathologist for histopathological evaluation. Results: The CWL endoscopy showed non erosive reflux disease (NERD) in 99 patients (66%), erosive reflux disease (ERD) in 46 patients (30.7%) and 5 patients (3.3%) were diagnosed as Barrett’s esophagus (BE). While NBI showed NERD in 81 patients (54%), ERD in 61 patients (40.6%) and 8 patients (5.4%) were diagnosed as BE. Regarding histopathology 30 patients (20%) were diagnosed as normal appearing mucosa, 102 patients (68%) were diagnosed as erosive esophagitis, 11 patients (7.3%) patients were diagnosed as BE and7 (4.7 %) were other diagnosis. Among Patients diagnosed as erosive esophagitis by histopathological examination (n=102). The CWL en­doscopy showed that 69( 67.5%) patients had NERD, 14 (13.8%) had GERD grade A, 11 (10.9 %) had GERD grade B, 6 (5.9%) had GERD grade C and 2 (1.9%) had GERD grade D. On the other hand  NBI endoscopy showed that 48 patients (47.5%) had NERD, 53 (51.7%) had ERD and 1 (0.8%) had BE. By The NBI endoscopy,67 (44.7%) patients had increased number, 50 (33.4%) had dilated and 66 (44%) had Tortuous intra papillary capillary loops (IPCL ). In patients diagnosed as erosive esophagitis by histopathology(n =102) the NBI endoscopy showed that 60 (58.8%) patients had increased number, 35 (34.3%) had dilated and 58 (56.9%) had Tortuous (IPCL).There was a statistically highly significant difference between finding of CWL endoscopy and NBI  endoscopy in patients diagnosed as  erosive esophagitis by histopathological examination (P <0.01). On the other hand there was no statistically significant difference between them in patients diagnosed as Barrett’s esophagus by histopathological examination(P >0.05). Conclusion and recommendations: The NBI endoscopy may increase the diagnostic accuracy of GERD and Barrett's esophagus but histopathology will remain the gold standard for diagnosis.

[Sherif monier Mohamed, Ragaa Ahmed Salem, Mostafa Hamed Abd Elaleem, Reda Saied. Comparison between the accuracy of conventional white light endoscopy, magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):604-611] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.93

Key wards: Narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy; Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); Barrett's esophagus (BE).

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Does Blue Light Filter Improve Computer Vision Syndrome in Patients with Dry Eye?

Hong-Ming Cheng^1,2#, Shyan-Tarng Chen^1,2#, Liu Hsiang-Jui³, and Ching-Ying Cheng^1,2*

¹ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.

² Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.

³Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management Department of Optometry, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author: Ching-Ying Cheng, School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

^#Contributed equally the work and therefore should be considered equivalent authors

ldiioul.tw@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: One of the principal contributing factors to computer vision syndrome (CVS) maybe the intense light, including the blue light, emanating from computer displays. The purpose of this study is to investigate if wearing blue light filters improve tear production and relieves CVS-related symptoms. Methods: Twenty dry eye patients, diagnosed with a baseline Schirmer's test of <10mm (mean=5.35mm), and 20 more patients with normal Schirmer's test values (mean=13.15 mm) participated in the study. The subjects were free from accommodation lag, with no other eye diseases and a habitual near Snellen visual acuity of no worse than 0.8. Blue light filters of low, medium, and high densities, were sequentially worn, each for one week. At the end of each week, and after two hours of continuous computer work on the last day, Schirmer's test was performed and a questionnaire of graded ocular complaints was also completed. Data were then analyzed with ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni methods. Results: A tendency towards increasing Schirmer's test values with higher filter densities was found; however, this change was not statistically significant in both normal (F=1.817, p=0.151) and dry eye groups (F=2.055, p=0.113). On the other hand, dry eye patients reported significantly more comfortable and more relaxed computer work with all filter densities (F=11.354, p=0.000), when in contrast, this response was statistically insignificant in the normal group (F=1.108, p=0.351). Discussion: Wearing blue light blocking filters has no significant effect in improving tear production in both normal and dry eye patients. More importantly, in the latter group, a perceived improvement in CVS-related complaints is clearly seen. Blue light filters therefore can be worn to improve comfort; although it must be done judiciously to avoid inadvertent changes to other physiological functions.

[Hong-Ming Cheng, Shyan-Tarng Chen, Liu Hsiang-Jui, and Ching-Ying Cheng. Does Blue Light Filter Improve Computer Vision Syndrome in Patients with Dry Eye? Life Sci J 2014;11(6):612-615] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.94

Key words: Dry eye, CVS, blue light filter, Schirmer's test, ocular complaints

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Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ali A. Fadella and Ibrahim A. Boufaris

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Omar Almukhtar University, Albaida Libya

ali.aref67@yahoo.com

 Abstract: Background: Certain coronary risk factors have been convincingly demonstrated while others are still under investigation as is elevated serum uric acid levels. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum uric acid levels in acute myocardial infarction, and short-term adverse effects (heart failure and in-hospital mortality). Methods: Forty eight (48) cases of acute myocardial infarction (ST-elevation myocardial infarction STEMI and non ST elevation myocardial infarction NSTEMI). Serum uric acid level was measured on days 0,2 and 6. One week Clinical follow up after admission for heart failure (killip classes with echocardiography finding of LVEF˂ 45%), and death were defined as the end point of the study. Results: In acute myocardial infarction cases there were an increased serum uric acid level with increasing severity of heart failure. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.00). Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in patient who died in hospital as compared to those who were discharged. Conclusion: Serum uric acid level is a prognostic marker for short Term acute myocardial infarction-related adverse events (heart failure and in hospital death).

[Ali A. Fadella and Ibrahim A. Boufaris. Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):616-618] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.95

Keywords:  Uric acid, myocardial infarction, heart failure.

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Legal analysis of the European charter of  the local self-government in the light of the principle of publicity

Denis Stepanovich Mikheev

Mari State University, Lenin Square, 1, Yoshkar-Ola city, 424000, Mari El, Russia

Abstract. The article analyzes the norms of the European Charter of the Local self - government from the position of securing the core  principle of the  local government – publicity. Athough, this principle, is not directly covered by the European Charter, but some of its elements are found in numerous articles. The author presents comparative characteristics of the basic rules of the European legal act with the basic federal law on local government. The obvious advantages of the European Charter of local government are marked, in particular, the consistent legal regulation of the interests of the population in the work of local government.

[Mikheev D.S. Legal analysis of the European charter of  the local self-government in the light of the principle of publicity. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):619-622] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.96

Keywords: local self-government, the European Charter, population, local authorities, principles, publicity, elements of principle, account  of  opinion , access to information

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Electrical Properties of PMMA / Dye Composite Irradiated With Laser

Gamal M. Nasr¹, Ashraf S.Abdel Haleem², Adel M. Alnozahy¹ and Mohamed M. Elfaham²

¹Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

²Armed forces

³National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

ashraf_20091@hotmail.com

Abstract: The use of polymer alloys blends and composites have grown constantly at 9% in the last 10 years and it is four times the growth rate of total plastic industry. In this study, we report the polymerization process of undoped and doped Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different dye concentrations .The dielectric properties of PMMA (undoped and doped) polymerized by laser beam irradiation have been compared with those polymerized with laser beam irradiation effects in order to establish the superiority of the laser beam irradiation process over the conventional polymerization. Compared to pure polymer, the dielectric constant of the dye- polymer composites is greater for all fill concentrations because the system becomes more heterogeneous than the pure polymer as more dye is added to it. The increase in ε΄ with increase in dye is attributed to the formation of clusters, which lead to greater average polarization and thus a greater contribution to dielectric constant. In case of modified PMMA with dye concentration less than and equal to the percolation threshold, one could observe a gradual increase in ε΄ with laser energy up to 100 Joules followed by an abrupt increase till 150 Joules. An RC electric equivalent circuit model was successfully for our sample to declare the effect of both dye concentration and laser beam energies on the dielectric properties of the tested samples.

[Gamal M. Nasr, Ashraf S.Abdel Haleem, Adel M. Alnozahy and Mohamed M. Elfaham. Electrical Properties of PMMA / Dye Composite Irradiated With Laser Life Sci. J 2014; 11(6):623-635] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.97

Key words: PMMA, dyes, laser irradiation, electrical properties.

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Critical Success Factors with its Effective Role in Knowledge Management Initiatives in Public and Private Organizations in Saudi Arabia:  Experts Perspectives

Mohammad J. Arif and Mohammed Hassan Bin Shalhoub 

Information Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

drmoo_99@yahoo.com   shalhoub@live.com

Abstract: This article aims to develop a standard reference to the critical success factors of knowledge management initiatives in the public and private institutions in Saudi Arabia, leading to maximize the use of knowledge management applications, and contribute to the reduction of the failure of these initiatives by providing the necessary scientific background for decision makers to develop appropriate plans to hold investments for this area. To achieve this overall objective, the researcher contribute with this work to achieve the following goals: (1) Identify the critical success factors in knowledge management applications through a literature review published in this area. (2) Identify the most important critical success factors in knowledge management applications in Government and private institutions in Saudi Arabia, from the point of view of experts (academics, and professionals). (3) Build a methodological framework (manual, list) where the most important critical success factors in knowledge management applications based on their impact on the success of knowledge management initiatives in the public and private institutions in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of experts. The results of this research work shows that the key element of leadership support initiatives "knowledge management" as the most important element of 98.3%, followed by the key management and motivation of workers "by 96.4%, while the main element" performance measurement "at the bottom of the list for its importance among other items by 91.7 percent, the other main elements ranging from rate of 93.3%-95%. Also, the results of the work showed that there is a difference in order of importance for the key elements between the experts involved in the study, researchers ' previous studies ", which confirms the importance of this study and the importance of taking into account the environmental and cultural differences between communities in the application of new methods and approaches.

[Mohammad J. Arif and Mohammed Hassan Bin Shalhoub. Critical Success Factors with its Effective Role in Knowledge Management Initiatives in Public and Private Organizations in Saudi Arabia: Experts Perspectives. Life Sci J 2014; 11(6):636-645] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 98. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.98

Keywords: Critical success factors, Knowledge management, competitive advantage, private organization, public organization and Knowledge flow.

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Association Of Caveolin-1 With Tumor Angiogenesis And Hisological Aggressiveness In Salivary Mucoepidermoid And Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas

Reham AA Morsy¹, Effat Ahmed Abbas¹, Mona M El-Batran¹, Adel A Shoman² and Salwa M Sarhan¹

¹Basic and Dental Science Department, Oral and Dental Medicine Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

²Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Oral and Dental Pathology, Oral Pathology Departement, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

E-mails: Rehammorsy77@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Angiogenesis is a critical aspect of cancer biology and considered as crucial step in the successful growth, invasion and metastasis of many solid tumors. The role of caveolin-1(CAV-1) in cancers remains controversial, and has been a subject for numerous investigations. In addition to its role in tumor cell biology, there is increasing evidence that caveolin-1 may also play an important role in angiogenesis. However CAV-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of oncogenic cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of different tumors, the histopathologic significance of CAV-1 expression and its correlation with angiogenesis remains unknown in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) Methods: Based on an immunohistochemical study, the expression levels of caveolin-1 and vascular permeability factor (VPF) and the intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in 20 samples of MEC and 20 samples of ACC were investigated, and correlations with histopathologic parameters (different grades and patterns of MEC and ACC) were evaluated statistically. Results: The overall percentages of the 40 specimens expressing CAV-1 in MEC and ACC were 80% and 60% respectively. Most of the cases of MEC and ACC were positive for antibodies of VPF (95%).  Immunoreactivities of these biomarkers in salivary MEC and ACC were higher than those in normal salivary gland with a statistical significant difference (P<0.00). Furthermore, CAV-1 immuno-reactivity was higher in low grade MEC than in high grade MEC and also, CAV-1 expression was higher in MEC than in ACC but with no statistical significance. VPF immuno-reactivity was higher in high grade MEC than in low grade MEC and was higher in the solid form of ACC, followed by tubular-trabecular pattern and finally the cribriform pattern showed the least values with a statistical significant difference (P <0.05). Microvessel density of salivary MEC and ACC was higher than that of normal salivary gland (P <0.00).  MVD was significantly higher in the tumors with low caveolin-1 expression and in the tumors with high VPF expression in the different salivary gland carcinomas. Conclusions: The current results suggest that caveolin-1 may function as a tumor suppressor in MEC and ACC of the salivary glands. Reduced expression of caveolin-1 and increased VPF expression and MVD may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with salivary MEC and ACC. Therefore, these biomarkers can be molecular targets for therapy of metastasis of salivary gland tumors.

[Reham AA Morsy, Effat Ahmed Abbas, Mona M El-Batran, Adel A Shoman and Salwa M Sarhan. Association of Caveolin-1 With Tumor Angiogenesis And Hisological Aggressiveness In Salivary Mucoepidermoid And Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas. Life Sci. J 2014; 11(6):646-654] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 99. doi:10.7537/marslsj110614.99