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Studies on biological activities and phytochemicals composition of Hibiscus species- A review

Mohamed Z.M. Salem¹, J. Olivares-Pérez², A.Z.M. Salem ^3*

^1. Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Egypt

^2. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Carretera Nacional, Altamirano-Iguala, km. 3.0, Altamirano, CP 40660 Guerrero, México

^3. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México

*Corresponding Author: asalem70@yahoo.com

Abstract: This article reviews the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as the phytochemical composition of extracts from some Hibiscus species. Some of the bioactive constituents of these plants were isolated, purified and analyses for possible use in making drugs. Thus these plants have great medicinal potential for the therapy of infection.

[Mohamed Z.M. Salem, AZM Salem. Studies on biological activities and phytochemicals composition of Hibiscus species- A review. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):1-8]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.01

Keywords: Hibiscus; biological activities; phytochemical composition; extract

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One-pot three-component Kabachnik–Fields reaction:

Synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonates containning thiazolylpyrazole moiety

Ashraf A. Sediek,^1,2 Mohamed S. Mudarris¹ and Abeer A. Shaddy²

¹Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Al-Kamil Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

asediek@yahoo.com

Abstract: A novel series of thiazolylpyrazole α-aminmethylphosphonate derivatives 4a-l have been synthesized by Kabachnik–Fields type reaction of equimolar quantities of 5-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-aryl-thiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles, aromatic aldehydes and alkyl phosphites, by using FeCl₃ as Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction took place via imine formation followed by addition of dialkyl phosphite to furnish thiazolylpyrazole α-aminmethylphosphonate derivatives in good yield.

[One-pot three-component Kabachnik–Fields reaction: Synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonates containning thiazolylpyrazole moiety. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):9-16]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.02

Keywords: α-aminmethylphosphonate; thiazolylpyrazoleo; Kabachnik-Fields reaction.

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Serum Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Inflammatory Cytokines in Normal Weight and Obese Women with Normal Pregnancy and with Preeclampsia

Amani F. H. Noureldeen,*^,1  Safaa Y. Qusti and Madeha N. Al-seeni

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

amaninoureldeen@yahoo.com

Abstract: The changes in some adipocytokines were conducted on twenty five Saudi pregnant women complicated with preeclampsia (PE) at their third trimester. For comparison, a group of women with normal pregnancy was included. Serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were analyzed. In PE group with BMI > 30, elevation in resistin was observed in comparison to BMI matched control group. On the other hand, decreased leptin with elevated adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α mean values were noted in PE with BMI ≥ 30 compared to their matched values in normal pregnancy with same BMI. The impact of obesity on maternal adipocytokin in PE showed no significant changes between the two PE groups with different BMI. The obtained changes demonstrated between PE and normotensive pregnancy for leptin, adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α may point out to their role in the development of PE. These changes were more exaggerated in obese subjects. 

[Amani F. H. Noureldeen,  Safaa Y. Qusti and Madeha N. Al-seeni Serum Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Inflammatory Cytokines in Normal Weight and Obese Women with Normal Pregnancy and with Preeclampsia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):17-23]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.03

Keywords: Adipocytokines; Preeclampsia; BMI; Obesity; Normotensive.

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A retrospective Study of Patients for Antibiotic Resistance to Organisms in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed

Consultant physician King Abdulaziz University, Department of Medicine Jeddah-Saudi Arabia

miamoona@yahoo.com

Abstract: Appropriate and timely treatment is of utmost importance especially for patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Hence knowledge of antibiotic resistance pattern of common organisms that cause infectionamongst the patients in ICU, can guide the medical practitioners/intensivist in administration of the antibiotic treatment accordingly and help to reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The study was conducted from June 2012-to June 2013, in order to examine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns among the patients in ICU at King Abdul Aziz university hospital, Jeddah (tertiary centre in the western province of Saudi Arabia). A retrospective study design, where isolates are obtained from a wide range of clinical samples including blood, Sputum and Tracheal samples  from 1235 patients in the ICU, blood culture, routine sputum culture and broncoalveolar lavage methods were used to observe the growth of organisms in the samples. The clinical samples were collected over the studied period. The results indicated that, common pathogens found in this study are Acinetobacter Baumani and Klebsiella were found to be the most common organism amongst the ICU patients. As well as, the susceptibility to antibiotics was more or less equal in both men and women, however, the level of resistance increase with the length of the stay in ICU. The study concluded that, Preventing the emergence and propagation of these antibiotic resistant pathogens would substantially reduce the detrimental events and also associated expenses.

[Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed. A retrospective Study of Patients for Antibiotic Resistance to Organisms in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Life Sci J 2014;11(5):24-31]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.04

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial-resistant, ICU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Knowledge and oral health care practices among Saudi pregnant women

Prof. Dr. Salma Moawed ¹, Abeer Hawsawi ², Salma S.  AlAhmed ³, Naeemah Al-Atawi 4 Alla’a Z. Awadien5

1.Professor of Maternity & Gynacology, Collage of Nursing, King Saud University

².Clinical Instructor, Collage of Nursing, King Saud University

3.Clinical Instructor, Collage of Nursing, King Saud University

^4.Clinical Instructor, Collage of Nursing, Tabouk University

5.Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria

smoawed1993@hotmail.com

Abstract: Proper oral health care is usually neglected by pregnant women due to anxious expectations. This may affect the pregnant woman and of the the unborn child durimg or immediately after delivery. Some studies showed that there was ana association between poor oral health in pregnant mothers and low birth weight in their newborn, while other studies were able to associate poor oral health in mothers with the likelihood of pre-term birth. Just as proper prenatal care is important to reduce preganancy complications, proper oral health care is also an important part of this process. Hence, a preminary step for the design of proper health education strategy is to know how much the target group knows about oral health problems, and their attitudes towards this important element of health care. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, and oral health self-care practices of Saudi pregnant women. This descriptive study involves a cross-sectional survey was used. All participants in this study (n=363) were convenient Saudi third trimester pregnant or recently pregnant women over 18 years olf from Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. Women who gave informed consent were asked to complete a self-admisintered questionnaire and return it to the researcher or the researcher’s assistants. Before commencement of this study, ethical approval was obtained from the Participated Centre’s Research Ethics Board. An SPSS database (version 17.0) for analysis. A linear stepwise regression analysis was chosen. In this regression model the predictors were income, education, insurance, referral to oral health care, dental check-up attendance and number of pregnancies. The results showed that Saudi women of lower income and education had a lower score on general oral health care knowledge, and those with low dental check-up attendance had a lower score on general oral health care, Saudi women’s knowledge was lacking in certain important areas of oral health care practices specific to pregnancy. Overall, Saudi women were not aware of the susceptibility to periodontal disease during pregnancy. An important issue found by the current study was that the majority of women were not aware of periodontitis may lead to preterm birth. Many women are themselves are nor aware about the possible adverse pregnancy effects caused by periodontitis. Pregnancy is an ideal period when women can be motivated to change their behaviors and life style. Midwives can play a vital role in improving perinatal outcomes and maternal/fetal dental health through screening and education about risk factors and prevention, to the women and families they care for across various settings.

[Salma Moawed , Abeer Hawsawi , Salma S.  AlAhmed , Naeemah Al-Atawi, Alla’a Z. Awadien. Knowledge and oral health care practices among Saudi pregnant women. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):32-41]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.05

Keywords: Oral Health, Knowledge, Saudi, Pregnant women

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6

Association of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection with Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

O Al -Jifirri, Zahira M.F. El-Sayed and Fadwa M. Al-Sharif

Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

drzahira2009@yahoo.com

Abstract: Back ground: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immigration and globalization have added to the challenges of public health concerns regarding chronic HBV and HCV infections worldwide. Different human leukocycle antigen (HLA) types related to chronicity has been reported from different countries. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the frequencies of HLA Class I and chronic HCV and HBV infections. Also these will revealed the most susceptible and protective alleles. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients with chronic HCV infection as well as 30 patients with HBV, also 40 apparently healthy individuals as controls were included in this study.HCV and HBV infections were diagnosed by detecting the anti-HCV antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Hbs antigen. HLA-A and HLA-B typing by complement-dependent micro-lympho-cytotoxicity assay was performed for both groups among chronic hepatitis patients. Results:HLA-A2 ( OR 5.6, CI=2.03-15.87, P=0001), A9andA19, B12, B13,B35 and B40 alleleswere most prevalent among patients versus control group they were considered as susceptible alleles. On the other hand HLA-29, A32, and B8 were highly significant among controls, they were considered as protective alleles. Among patients with hepatitis ( B ), A2 (OR=11.0, CI =3.17-40.3,P=0001), A9, A24, B5, B13 and Bw35 alleles were highly significant among patients versus controls. On the other hand HLA-A29, A32, and B8 alleles were significantly higher among controls, they considered as protective alleles. On the other hand, A2 (OR= 3.06, CI =1.0-10.1, P=0.01 ), A3,A9,A19, B12,B13, B14 and B40 alleles were significantly prevalent among hepatitis C patients. While HLA- A32, B5 alleles were higher among controls. In comparison between different detected alleles among patients with hepatitis B and C, the results revealed that, HLA- A2 allele was more significant among hepatitis (B) patients. On the other hand A3, A9, B12, B13, and B40 alleles were most significant an among hepatitis C patient. Conclusion: Genetic predisposition may play a role in chronic hepatitis.HLA-2 was most significant among hepatitis B, while HLA-A9, B12, B13, and B40 were prevalent among hepatitis C patients. These alleles were considered as risk factors. Meanwhile A32 was considered as protective alleles. Racial diversity, variations in the study design, methodology and complex immune-regulatory mechanisms make it difficult to find consistent association of HLA alleles with a given HBV or HCV disease even in the same ethnic group of the global population.

[O Al -Jifirri, Zahira M.F. El-Sayed and Fadwa M. Al-Sharif. Association of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection with Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). Life Sci J 2014;11(5):42-51]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.06

Key words: Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B, Human leukocyte antigens.

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Effect of Dietary Urea and Sulphur in the Immune Response of Sheep Vaccinated Against Caseous Lymphadenitis

Khaled B. Alharbi

Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P. O. Box 6622 Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia

kbhrby@qu.edu.sa

Abstract: Abstract. This experiment has been carried out to study the effect of urea, sulphur or urea plus sulphur on the immune response of sheep vaccinated with a caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) bactrin. The urea, sulphur or urea plus sulphur were incorporated at the rate of 1g/kg (0.1 %) in a concentrate feed ration made of barley, wheat bran and salt. Twenty Najdi ewes were ear-tagged and divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 ewes were fed on the concentrate ration containing 0.1% urea. Group 2 ewes were fed on the concentrate ration containing 0.1% urea plus 0.1% sulphur. Group 3 ewes were fed on the concentrate ration containing 0.1% sulphur. Group 4 ewes were left as controls and fed on the feed ration only. All ewes had free access to alfa alfa (Medicago sativa) and drinking water. After one month, the ewes in the four groups were vaccinated with the CLA vaccine. A booster dose of the vaccine was given after 2 weeks from the initial vaccination. The ewes were then mixed with 5 heavily infected rams with abscesses to act as source of infection and to breed. The ewes were observed for abscess development pre- (during the feeding period) and post vaccination for 10 months. Ewes were bled before and at 2 weeks after vaccination and at 2 weeks after booster dosing, for the determination of serum Hb, PCV, AST activity, creatinine concentration and the titre of antibodies in the various groups. One ewe from group 2 (fed on urea + sulphur) and two ewes in group 1 (fed on urea) developed abscesses on the head after 3 weeks from the start of the experiment (before vaccination). The vaccine raised the level of immunoglobulins in serum of all groups and kept all animals free of abscesses for a period of seven months. The blood and serum constituents analyses results showed that urea, urea plus sulphur or sulphur incorporated in the feed with the specified concentrations were safe as indicated by the non-significant changes. However, it was observed that 2 ewes: one from group 2 and one from group 3 gave birth to paralyzed lambs. When these were post-mortemed, both had brain malacia. This is possibly due to sulphur effect. In conclusion, feeding concentrate rations containing 1 gm/kg sulphur, urea or sulphur plus urea did not affect the general health of experimental animals. It also did not affect positively or negatively the immune response of the ewes to the administered CLA vaccine.

[Khaled B. Alharbi. Effect of Dietary Urea and Sulphur in the Immune Response of Sheep Vaccinated Against Caseous Lymphadenitis. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):52-58] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.07

Keywords: Urea, sulphur, caseous lymphadenitis, brain malacia

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Ranking Epileptic Patients' Perceived Intelligence Parameters in Data Envelopment Analysis

Vahideh Rezaie ¹, Tahir Ahmad ¹, Siti-Rahma Awang ², Masumeh Khanmohammadi ³, Normah Maan¹

^1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ibnu Sina Institute, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

^2. Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

^3. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran

tahir@ibnusina.utm.my, vahidehrezaie@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the course of improving various abilities of data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, many investigations have been carried out for ranking decision making units (DMUs). This is an important issue both in theory and practice. There exist a variety of papers which apply different ranking methods to a real data set. This study wants to rank the perceived intelligence parameters for people with epilepsy (PWE) based on Gardner's theory by considering the demographic, illness background, and Awang's database using Enhanced Russell Measure (ERM) and ERM supper-efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study has successfully determined the priority of eight perceived intelligence parameters skills by considering epileptics' demographic and used this priority to enhance the employability of PWE since employment is one of the most challenging issues facing by PWE. Previous studies have shown that PWE have high unemployment rates, underpaid, and cannot keep their jobs because of stigma, seizure severity and other psychological deficiencies. The results from this study are important and may improve the employment opportunities of PWE.

[Rezaie V, Ahmad T, Awang SR, Khanmohammadi M, Maan N. Ranking Epileptic Patients' Perceived Intelligence Parameters in Data Envelopment Analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):59-68] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.08

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Enhanced Russell Measure, ERM supper-efficiency, Intelligence Parameters.

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Diagnostic utility of urinary BLCA-4 tests for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

Yong Xia¹, Xu-Guang Guo¹, Tian-Xing Ji²

^1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, People's Republic of China

^2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China

Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 20 81292245; E-mail: gysyxy@gmail.com

Abstract: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of urinary BLCA-4 tests for bladder cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of literature from PubMed, EmBase, and CBM. Studies that evaluated urine BLCA-4 tests, used cystoscopy or histopathology as the reference standard, and constructed a 2 × 2 contingency table were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated trial eligibility and methodological quality and performed data extraction. Random effect models were used to perform the meta-analysis. Seven studies with 877 subjects, including 312 in the case group and 565 in the control group, were included in the meta-analysis. High heterogeneity was present among the studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the urine BLCA-4 tests were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98), respectively, and the area under the curve for the urine BLCA-4 tests was 0.9806. Urinary BLCA-4 can be used as a quick, simple and noninvasive method for the screening of bladder cancer.

[Yong Xia, Xu-Guang Guo, Tian-Xing Ji. Diagnostic utility of urinary BLCA-4 tests for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):69-75]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.09

Keywords: Bladder neoplasm, BLCA-4, diagnostic test, systematic review, meta-analysis

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Di- (2ethylhexyl) Phthalate is Associated with Impairments of Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Process in Glucose Homeostatic Organs in Mice Fed Fat Diet: The Role of the Antioxidant Vitamin E

Désiré Nisubire¹, Qiang Zeng ¹, Xu Yang¹

¹ Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China

yangxu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn

Abstract: We evaluate the effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on glucose metabolism, and inflammatory process; and the ability of vitamin E to suppress these deleterious effects in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, and pancreas of mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Mice were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight DEHP while receiving an HFD. After 4 weeks, a group of mice received an oral dose of vitamin E. Ten weeks later, blood glucose,  plasma insulin were assessed and then, mice were sacrificed and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (IFN)-γ from WAT, liver, and pancreas were measured. HFD-fed mice decreased weight gain following DEHP and vitamin E supplementations. HFD-fed mice expressed high levels of glucose and insulin. However, HFD-fed, DEHP treated mice expressed much higher level of glucose and low insulin concentration; decreased glucose, and increased insulin levels following vitamin E supplementation. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ levels decreased in WAT and liver following DEHP administration. However, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels increased in all organs while the IFN-γ level decreased in WAT and pancreas following HFD-fed and DEHP treatment. Vitamin E decreased cytokine levels in HFD-fed mice, in WAT and the liver, and did not affect cytokine levels in the pancreas.

[Nisubire D, Zeng Q, Yang X. Di- (2ethylhexyl) Phthalate is Associated with Impairments of Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Process in Glucose Homeostatic Organs in Mice Fed Fat Diet: The Role of the Antioxidant Vitamin E. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):76-83]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.10

Keywords: Inflammatory cytokines; di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; glucose metabolism; diet; vitamin E.

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11

New Topological Approach to Vocabulary Mining and Document Classification

A. S. Salama and O. G. El-Barbary

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Dr_salama75@yahoo.com      ualbarbari@su.edu.sa

Abstract: In This Paper We Investigate A New Framework For Vocabulary Mining And Document Classification That Derives From The Combination Of Rough Sets And Mixed Neighborhood System. The Framework Allows One To Use Mixed Neighborhood Approximations Even When The Documents And Queries Are Described Using Weighted. The Paper Also Explores The Real Life Applications Of Mixed Neighborhood System Approach. The Proposed Framework Supports The Systematic Study And Application Of Different Vocabulary Views In Information Retrieval.

[A. S. Salama and O. G. El-Barbary New Topological Approach to Vocabulary Mining and Document Classification. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):84-91]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.11

Keywords: Vocabulary Mining; Generalized Rough Sets; Data Mining; Topological Spaces; Information Systems

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A case report of a dyslexic child with an above average IQ, responding to remedial intervention (Dyslexia-Case Report)

Azra Kirmani¹, Hanan Ahmad Al-Kadi¹, Rahila Iftikhar² and Yusuf Mayat³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

²Assistant Professor, Department of Community & Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

³Senior Educational Psychologist, Maharat Center Cognitive and Skills Development, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

azrakirmani@hotmail.com

Abstract: Developmental learning disorders are known to cause a great amount of psychological and mental stress to the kids and their parents. They affect lives in an adverse manner. Early diagnosis and the right kind of intervention can help the child attain academic standards on par with their peers as seen in this case.

[Azra Kirmani , Hanan Ahmad Al-Kadi, Rahila Iftikhar  and Yusuf Mayat A case report of a dyslexic child with an above average IQ, responding to remedial intervention (Dyslexia-Case Report). Life Sci J 2014;11(5):92-96]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.12

Keywords: Dyslexia, Early Intervention.

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The Role of Natural Capital for Ecosystem: Focusing on Water Resource in Pahang, Malaysia

Md. Anowar Hossain Bhuiyan^{1, 2}, Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail¹, Chamhuri Siwar¹ and Rahmah Elfithri¹

¹Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

²Lecturer (Management), National University, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.

anowaranu@yahoo.com

Abstract: Natural capital is stock of natural assets and environmental resources that provides useful goods and services for fulfilling present and future needs. Water is an important natural capital for ecosystem services in every country to ensure drinking, sanitation, navigation, fisheries, irrigation, recreation and commercial activities. About 95% of water source comes from inland rivers in Malaysia. The water resources of Pahang are very important natural capital for Malaysia. The present study analyzes the potential of water resources for ecosystem in Pahang. The study used secondary sources such as policies, acts, data and regulations from relevant ministries and agencies of the Malaysian Government. The scenario are revealing water supply will excess in Pahang according to demand until 2050. Water resource are potential for ecosystem service in Pahang in terms of economic and social well-being, necessary for development, ecological soundness, beneficial and agricultural use, preserve flora and fauna, support ecological habitats, protect wildlife resources, treasure of fishery resources, rich biological resources and socio-economic benefits. There are several initiatives such as ensure effective water management, give priority in policy making, keep the integrity of ecosystem and natural capital, preserve surface and ground water, identify water resources and establish protective forest system can be taken to protect and maintain the sustainable utilization of water resources of Pahang.

[Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Ismail, S.M., Siwar, C. Elfithri, R. The Role of Natural Capital for Ecosystem: Focusing on Water Resource in Pahang, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):97-101]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.13

Keywords: Ecosystem; Malaysia; Natural capital; Pahang; water.

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A New Watermarking Technique for Mammogram Images Copy Right Protection

Ghazali Bin Sulong¹, Harith R. Hasan¹ (Corresponding author), Tina Hajiabdollah¹ and Chollette C. Olisah¹

¹. Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

hrhr1980@yahoo.com

Abstract: Recent advances in technology have enabled the digitization of medical images for easy retrieval. However, the retrieval process of digital medical image makes the image prone to illegal distortions and reproduction. In this regards, the confidentiality requirement for medical images must have to be ensured. In this paper, a new spatial domain-based watermarking technique for mammogram image copy right protection is proposed. In the proposed technique, the region of interest (ROI) and region of non-interest (RONI) in the mammographic images are detected using the Sobel edge operator. Afterwards, the image is partitioned into 16 blocks of the same size for determining the white pixels percentage values. Then, the bi-level intermediate significant bit (BiISB) that makes use of two levels of ISB bit-planes are applied for the watermark embedding and extraction. To verify the robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed technique, the normalized cross correlation (NCC) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) are measured. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is robust against image distortions such as median filter, Poisson, JPEG compression, rotation, contrast enhancement and motion blur. The proposed technique also shows to achieve imperceptibility of the mammogram image within the cover image.

[Ghazali Bin Sulong, Harith R. Hasan, Tina Hajiabdollah  and Chollette C. Olisah . A New Watermarking Technique for Mammogram Images Copy Right Protection. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):102-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.14

Keywords: Medical image, Watermarking, Spatial domain, Imperceptibility and Robustness.

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Improving Google glass security and privacy by changing the physical and software structure

Seyedmostafa Safavi *, Zarina Shukur

Unit of Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,43600 Bangi, Malaysia; E-Mails: Safavi@takhosting.info

Abstract: Following the exciting first reactions, Google Glass has encountered seriously criticism, due to the perceived threats to security and privacy. Cyber security is one of the most serious threats, both to private users and business enterprises. At present, Google Glass makes it easy for cyber hackers to gain access to our personal data, banking and credit card details, passwords or personal identification numbers. After conducting literature review and simple questionnaire survey in which 35 Glass owners and 30 privacy managers from the US took part, we analyzed the collected data to point out the weakness of the device. The response rate visibly showed problem of user privacy in design of product (16.7% satisfaction on design to protect privacy). Based on these analyses, we proposed 6 essential improvements to Glass security and privacy by redesigning the features that currently pose a threat to privacy of Google Glass users and other party involved. We can thus view Google Glass as an opportunity to draw attention to modern privacy concepts. It is likely that, given that the risks associated with Google Glass are being widely discussed, the threats have been around for much longer.

[Seyedmostafa Safavi, Zarina Shukur. Improving Google glass security and privacy by changing the physical and software structure. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):109-117]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.15 

Keywords: Improve Google Glass; Wearable Technology; User Authentication; Physical Security; Governmental Security; Firewall; Privacy; Crime; Improvement

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Some Blood Parameters Of One Humped She-Camels (Camelus Dromedaries) In Response To Parasitic Infection

Maha Abdullah Momenah

Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, College of Science, Department of Biology, P.O.Box 26878, Riyadh 11469, KSA

dr.mahamomenah@yahoo.com

Abstract: A total of 24 she-camels 8-15 years old in three separate equal groups were examined. Group one (G1) was healthy and clinically normal, meanwhile, Group two (G2) was diseased by mange (Sarcoptic mites) while, the third group(G3) was diseased by heavy intestinal parasite mixed with mange. The diseased experimental she-camels were naturally infected for three months prior to the experiment till the end of it. The experimental she-camels was reared under a semi-intensive condition in a summer desert environment and fed the same. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of such abnormal physiological conditions on whole blood hematological picture (Hb, PCV, TEC, MCV, MCHC, TLC and DLC), some biochemical parameters in blood plasma (total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total bilirubin, glucose, AST and ALT), leptin and IGF-1. The heparinized blood was collected fortnightly, examined hematologically, then centrifuged to separate the blood plasma which stored at -20 Celsius for further examination of the biochemical measures. Results indicated that all the studied blood hematological parameters decreased (P<0.05) sharply with the parasitic infection for G2 and G3 camels, except an increase (P<0.05) of eosinophils and monocytes was detected. Blood plasma TP, albumin, globulin and glucose decreased (P<0.05) in G3 more than G2,being physiologically normal in G1. Activities of AST and ALT liver enzymes and bilirubin were increased by the parasitic infection (P<0.05) in G2 and G3 over the normal physiological range found in G1. Plasma IGF-1and leptin  in the peripheral blood of the she-camels were decreased (P<0.05) in G3 more than G2 comparing to G1 in which it was normal. It is concluded that the both parasitic infections (G2 and G3) cause adverse effects and major changes in the studied blood hematological and biochemical parameters of the she-camels, such effects will be reflected on the she-camels health and production. All the measured blood parameters were the worst in G3. Thus, treatment of such a diseased conditions is a must to keep she-camels in a better physiological and hygienic status.

[Momenah MA. Some Blood Parameters Of One Humped She-Camels (Camelus Dromedaries) In Response To Parasitic Infection. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):118-123]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.16

Keywords: camel, hematology, blood biochemistry.

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Environment And The Legislative Lists Of Malaysia Federal Constitution

Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof

Perdana STI Policy School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.

ashikin@ic.utm.my

Abstract: The Federal Constitution has specifically distributed the legislative powers between Federal and State government as listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution. The lists determine subject matters which legislative body and consequently government has the legal authority to pass laws and act upon accordingly. However environment as a subject matter is left unlisted. The term environment could not be found anywhere in the Federal Constitution. This is unfortunate for Malaysia especially when environment realistically has become one of the biggest concerns amongst Malaysians and international community. The absence has been partly blamed for lack of legal enforcement against polluters and offender of the environment. The study focuses on the status of environment in the Federal Constitution and the possibility of placing the subject matter in any of the three legislative Lists of the Federal Constitution. The study is exploratory in nature. Data are collected from literature reviews, interviews and focus group discussions with experts. The analysis and report of data is done in descriptive and qualitative manner. As an important subject matter, environment is very dynamic. It could be placed under any of the listed Legislative lists of the Federal Constitution.

[Mohamed Yusof N.A. Environment And The Legislative Lists Of Malaysia Federal Constitution. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):124-128]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.17

Keywords: Legislative list; Federal Constitution; environment; distribution of powers: overriding authority.

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Serum Leptin, Ferritin and Uric Acid as Predictors of Fibrosis and Sustained Virological Response in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Ali Abdelrahman Ghweil¹, Mona Mohamed Abdel Meguid², Shamardan Ezzeldin S. Bazeed¹, Samar S. Ahmed ³ and Usama Arafa⁴

¹Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, ²Clinical and chemical Pathology, ³Community Medicine (Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University) ⁴Internal Medicine (Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University)

drs_samar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hyperleptinemia, hyperferritinemia and hyperuricemia have been implicated in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and assumed to be predictors of poor response to antiviral therapy. The aim of study is to evaluate the role of serum leptin, ferritin and uric acid in progression of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disease and their role in detection of virological response to combined antiviral therapy (pegylated interferon PEG-IFN-α/ribavirin RBV). Study design is a prospective study; conducted on 40 patients with CHC infection eligible for treatment with combined antiviral therapy before the combined antiviral therapy introduced and 30 healthy volunteers as controls. Patients with chronic liver disease due to other causes were excluded from the study. All patients and controls were subjected to through clinical evaluation, abdominal ultrasonography, complete blood picture (CBC), liver enzymes (AST/ALT), total bilirubin and leptin, ferritin and uric acid investigations. Plasma HCV-RNA viral load by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and liver biopsy using Metavir score were done for HCV patients only. We compared level of serum leptin, ferritin and uric acid level between patients and with controls. We estimated serum leptin and ferritin sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in both responders and non-responders to treatment. Study findings were as the follow: serum leptin and ferritin higher concentrations were predictive factors to failure of combined antiviral treatment and correlated with inflammatory activity and advanced liver fibrosis. Serum uric acid levels were not significantly associated with inflammatory activity, stage of hepatic fibrosis and interferon treatment failure. In Conclusion CHC is associated with higher leptin and ferritin levels. High serum leptin and ferritin level is negative predictors of response to combined antiviral treatment in CHC. Serum leptin had higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than serum ferritin; so leptin considered better than ferritin in prediction of response to antiviral therapy in chronic HCV patients.

[Ali Abdelrahman Ghweil, Mona Mohamed Abdel Meguid, Shamardan Ezzeldin S. Bazeed, Samar S. Ahmed  and Usama Arafa. Serum Leptin, Ferritin and Uric Acid as Predictors of Fibrosis and Sustained Virological Response in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):129-139]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.18

Key words: leptin, ferritin, uric acid, chronic hepatitis C, liver fibrosis, interferon, virological response

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Radio Frequency and the Flabby Arms in Females after Liposuction

Ibrahim Mohamed Zoheiry¹ and Ali Osman Selim ²

¹Physical Therapy Department for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Egypt

² Physical Therapy Department for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.

ibrahim.alzoheiry@hotmail.com

Abstract: The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the radiofrequency on the flabby arms in females after liposuction. Forty female patients with flabby arms after liposuction operations were randomly divided into two equal groups (study group and control group). Methods of assessment were the skin fold caliper and the tap measure. For the study group, patients received RF therapy twice / week for two months while the control group received only liposuction. Results showed that there was significant decrease in arm size and skin fold in the study group compared with the control group, the study revealed that the results obtained in the study group were superior to that of control group. It was concluded that radiofrequency (RF) was effective in improving cosmotic appearance of arm decreasing skin laxity and improving the appearance.

[Ibrahim Mohamed Zoheiry andAli Osman Selim. Radio Frequency and the Flabby Arms in Females after Liposuction. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):140-144]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.19

Keywords: Radio Frequency . Flabby Arms . Liposuction.

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Lifecycle Effort Estimation for Component Based Software Engineering: A Model and its Soft Computing Based Implementation

Jahanzaib Khan ¹, Aasia Khanum ²

^{1, 2} College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

aasia@ceme.nust.edu.pk

Abstract: Research in Effort Estimation for Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) has so far focused on component selection and integration effort. However, in order to get a fair idea of feasibility of a project full lifecycle effort must be taken into account. This paper presents a lifecycle based effort estimation approach for CBSE. A new CBSE lifecycle model called Circular Process Model (CPM) is presented with the novel idea of rejuvenation of one lifecycle phase during the course of later phases, something which is inevitable in CBSE. Quality assessment of CPM in light of the PQMM process measurement model reveals essential merit of the process. Subsequently, CPM is used as a framework for introducing enhanced effort parameters that are employed by an original soft computing approach to estimate lifecycle effort of a CBSE project. Validation with industrial data shows high accuracy of the proposed system.

[Khan J, Khanum A. Lifecycle Effort Estimation for Component Based Software Engineering: A Model and its Soft Computing Based Implementation. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):145-155]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.20

Keywords: Component Base Software Engineering (CBSE), Project Management, Software Process Model, Effort Estimation, Soft Computing.

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Arthroscopic Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma with subchondral drilling in Cartilage Defects of the knee

¹Mohamed Gamal, ² Nihal Salah El-Deen

¹Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Laboratory Department, Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

m2gamal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of our study was to analyse the clinical outcome after the treatment of focal cartilage defects in non-degenerative and degenerative knees with drilling augmented by injection with platelet rich plasma Methods: Twenty patients (18 men and 2 women) underwent drilling of cartilage defects of the knee and augmented by injection with platelet rich plasma concentrate. The mean age was 40 years range (26-55 years).  All patients had focal cartilage defects on a load-bearing surface of the knee that extend down to the subchondral bone but not penetrating through it. Results: At 1-year follow-up, the KOOS showed clinically meaningful and significant (P<0.05) improvement compared to baseline Conclusion: platelet rich plasma is a safe, autologous, easy to prepare and to use and relative low cost procedure to deliver growth factors for cartilage healing and regeneration. Although the number of cases in my study was small and the follow up time was short, the preliminary results were promising.

[Mohamed Gamal and  Nihal Salah El-Deen. Arthroscopic Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma with subchondral drilling in Cartilage Defects of the knee. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):156-164]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.21

Keywords: Platelet Rich Plasma, subchondral drilling, Cartilage Defects

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Pigment Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton /Polyester Fabrics with a Modified Dihydroxyethyleneurea and various Softener Treatment

Shabana Rafique¹, Shahnaz Parveen¹, Bashir Ahmad² and Tanveer Hussain³

¹College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, KPK - Pakistan

²Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

³National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Email: bashirdr2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted to develop a compatible ecofriendly pigment colouration system for simultaneous dyeing and finishing of Cotton/Polyester.The pigment dyeing was carried out on Thermosole Laboratory Padder by double dip double nip technique with a wet pick up of 70% followed by drying and curing. In the first phase the fabrics were padded with an aqueous formulation containing pigment colourant,an acrylic binder, dispersing agent, modified DHEU as crosslinker, and magnesium chloride as catalyst. The recipes were applied on P/C fabrics with commercially available softeners each time at constant process parameters and various characteristics evaluated. According to the findings the colourfastness to wash and rubbing grades were very good for dyed P/C fabrics treated with a softener based on fatty acid amide condensation product. In terms of tensile strength and tear strength almost all the softening agents performed very well with a distinctive percentage increase in tear strength induced by micro emulsion concentrate of a quarternary polydimethyle siloxane and Polyethylene dispersion. The maximum abrasion resistance was attained by the fabric with amino functional polysiloxane constituted softener and micro emulsion concentrate of a quarternary polydimethyle siloxane. The flexural rigidity of all the treated fabrics reduced more in warp direction as compared to weft -indicating a softer feel. The flexural rigidity that was raised by high binder ratio (optimized at preliminary stage) and crosslinking treatment with dihydroxyethylene urea seemed to be minimized with softener application especially with silicon elastomer however one of the softener (macro emulsion) contributed increased stiffness surprisingly. The overall investigation indicate that colouration with resin bonded pigment dyeing and softener finishing is a feasible option for P/C fabrics provided that appropriate selection of softener be carried out to achieve desirable characteristics. The wet rubbing fastness technically needs to be improved.

[Shabana Rafique, Shahnaz Parveen, Bashir Ahmad and Tanveer Hussain. Pigment Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton /Polyester Fabrics with a Modified Dihydroxyethyleneurea and various Softener Treatment. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):165-174]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.22

Key words: Pigment dye, DHEU, silicon softeners

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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Essential Elements Content of Locally Produced Honey in Saudi Arabia

Rashad R. Al-Hindi¹ and Alsaeed Shehata²

¹Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

²Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

rhindi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize antioxidant and antibacterial activities and essential elements content of Saudi honey marketed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The different contents of flavonoid and phenolic compounds correspond to honey sample. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of methanol extract of honey samples was conducted by several methods. Honey samples extracts showed a concentration dependent on the scavenging of DPPH, ABTS radicals and the formation of phosphate/ molybdenum complex. Honey samples showed inhibitory activity with MIC values ranged between 2x10^-5 to 2x10^-2 µg honey phenolic content when tested against multi-drug resistant bacteria, namely, vancomycin resistant enterococci, methicillin resistant Staph. aures 4 and methicillin resistant Staph. aures 2. Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn were determined in all tested honey samples. The highest level of elements in all tested honeys are in the order of Al > Pb > Cu. In conclusion, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in addition to the essential elements content make Saudi honey as high added value product.

[Rashad R. Al-Hindi and Alsaeed Shehata. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Essential Elements Content of Locally Produced Honey in Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):175-185]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.23

Keywords: Honey, Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Elements, Saudi Arabia

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National liberation struggle of Kazakh people: development of historical thought and a process of decolonization in the modern stage

Elaman Kasenov

Karagandy University “Bolashak”, Karagandy, 100008 Kazakhstan

elaman_kasenov@mail.ru

Abstract: A problem of decolonization process development in the modern period in Kazakhstan is considered in this article in the light of national and liberation wars and movements of Kazakh people. Modern state independence of Kazakh people is not a historical fortuity but a determined historical process reached during centuries-old anti-colonial struggle that was determined by typology and periodization of national and liberation wars and movements of Kazakh people. The problem of decolonization is brought up to date at this work. The problem of decolonization is one of the most undeveloped one in historiography of Kazakhstan because the historical science of Kazakhstan developed close to Russian one and later - in the Soviet historical tradition for some period of time; according to it the USSR was not considered as an empire and Kazakhstan – as a colony. That is why the article is one of the first attempts of national historiography problems related to the process of decolonization determination and coloration. Not only a tendency of decolonization in Kazakhstan but also some problems related to historical thought of Kazakhstan development were elicited in the research.

[Kasenov E. National liberation struggle of Kazakh people: development of historical thought and a process of decolonization in the modern stage. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):186-192]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.24

Keywords. Historiography, independence, ideology, movement, typology, colonization, decolonization.

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Compromising Between Growth and Oil Production of Nannochloropsis oculata Cultivated Under Halo-Stress

Nagwa G-E Mohammady and Eman M. Fakhry

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt.

emfakhr@hotmail.com

Abstract: The marine micro-alga Nannochloropsis oculata was batch-wise grown under different salinities ranged from 0 to 40 g^-l up to the stationary phase. The aim was to identify the best salinity that could enhance the maximum cell mass and oil for biodiesel production. Growth data showed an increase in cell number and dry weight of micro-alga as a function of salinities up to 30 g^-l, while the amounts of algal oil continually increased over all experimental salinity range. In order to get a maximum oil yield whilst maintaining a high cells concentration of the alga, the cells at stationary-phase were transferred from the preferred growth medium with salinity of 30 to salinity of 32 g^-l. The cells have been re-inoculated in the up-next concentrations of 34, 36, 38, and 40 g^-l in the same step-wise fashion. By this trend of cultivation, algal cell division showed a good adaptation to the highest salinities and the cells would not go into osmotic shock and die. On the other hand, the composition of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) has been identified as: C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C16:2, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:4 and C20:5. Data showed a clear significant effect, positively or negatively, of halo-stress on the proportional amounts of fatty esters. However, based on fatty acid type, halo-stress showed no effect on fatty acid profiles comprising biodiesel.

[Nagwa G-E Mohammady and Eman M. Fakhry. Compromising between Growth and Oil Production of Nannochloropsis oculata Cultivated under Halo-Stress. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):193-197]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.25

Keywords: Biodiesel; fatty acids; growth; Nannochloropsis oculata; salinity

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Bilateral Asymmetry and Sexual Dimorphism in Teeth WidthandDental Arch within Egyptian Children

Abou El-Yazeed, M.¹ and Abou Zied, W.²

¹Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

² Oral Biology Department, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.

mohamedabouelyazied@yahoo.com

Abstract: During the replacement of the deciduous dentition with the permanent set in the diphyodont phenomenon of humans, dynamic changes occur leading sometimes to asymmetry between the right and left sides. In individuals with asymmetric development, the slight differences may be acquired due to environmental factors or without specific identifiable etiology. Most asymmetries are subtle, and go unnoticed on casual clinical appraisal; however detecting it requires a precise bilateral measurement of paired structures. As symmetry of the skeletodental structures generally is a treatment goal so this study was intended to throw light on some of these asymmetries. Subjects and Methods: This study applied a digitalized methodology with the measurements of upper and lowers dental models -of one hundred and ninety one Egyptian children aged six to twelve years -by a computer software program to analyze the teeth widths and asymmetry between right and left sides of the dental arches. The significance was measured at level P≤0.05 for the statistical tests. Results: No significant differences were found for any of the studied teeth (p>0.05) with a highly significant coefficient of correlation (r) between antimeres. Significant sexual dimorphism was regarded in permanent canines, first premolars, deciduous canines and lower second molars.For the boys; asymmetry of the dental arch was most prominent in the upper canine - premolar area and lower canine and lateral incisor area while for girls it was less prominent, where it is only noted in the upper deciduous first molar area and lower permanent canine area. Sexual dimorphism was obvious in upper deciduous canine area as well as at the upper and lower permanent left first molar areas where's boys are longer than girls. Conclusion: The obtained results provide important data that can be used by clinical professionals and researchers in Pedodontics and Orthodontics, both in the diagnosis and treatment planning for cases to be treated and as a stepping stone for further researches in these fields.

[Abou El-Yazeed, M. and Abou Zied, W. Bilateral Asymmetry and Sexual Dimorphism in Teeth Width and Dental Arch within Egyptian Children. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):198-207]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.26

Key Words: Teeth widths – Arch asymmetry – Egyptian children – Model tracing

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Analysis of Deuteron Elastic Scattering in the Framework of the Double Folding Optical Potential Model

M. El-Azab Farid¹ and L. Alsagheer²

¹Physics Department, Assiut University, Assiut 71516,Egypt.

²Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

l.alsagheer@gmail.com

Abstract: Deuteron elastic scattering has been analyzed in the framework of the double folding (DF) optical model over the energy range 11.8–171 MeV. Six targets are considered; namely, ¹²C, ¹⁶O, ²⁴Mg, ²⁸Si, ³²S and ⁴⁰Ca.The DF calculations for the real central part of the nuclear optical potential are performed based upon the alpha-nucleon effective interaction. The imaginary part of the optical potential is expressed in a phenomenological Woods-Saxon form. The derived semimicroscopic potentials are used to analyze the elastic scattering differential cross section of twenty-five sets of data of the considered systems. Comparisons between the extracted and measured angular distributions of the differential cross sections are presented. A pronounced success to reproduce the data is obtained.

[M. El-Azab Farid and L. Alsagheer. Analysis of Deuteron Elastic Scattering in the Framework of the Double Folding Optical Potential Model. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):208-216]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.27

Keywords: Optical model, Elastic scattering, Folding potential

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Physical And Chemical Microbiological Analysis Of The Therapeutic Mud Of “Kossor” Deposit Of Alakol Lake

Dzhetimov Myrzabay Aitmukhanovich¹, Mazbayev Ordenbek Bilisbekovich², Asubayev Berik Kuttybekovich³, Yesengabylova Aiman²_, Tokpanov, E.A¹.

¹Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov, Taldykorganc city, 040010, micro region 4, house No 68, apartment No 31, The Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: make._d_61@mail. Ru,

 ²Eurasian State University named after Gumilevasins,  The Republic of Kazakhstan,

³Kazakh National University named after Abai The Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract: Therapeutic mud (peloids) – natural ecologic systems being formed in the b with different hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, mostly due to microbiological decomposition of plants and animals residues, distinguish with their variaty of chemical composition, rich with bilogical and chemical active components, most of them have clearly expressed effect of pharmacodynamic action to the organism of the human. The data provided in the article about the results of the analysis on study the origin, physical and chemical, sanitary and microbiological characteristics of the therapeutic mud deposit “Kossor” on the coast of lake Alakol (Kazakhstan). In scientific researches and projects studies the sufficient information about balneological properties and sanitary and microbiological characteristics of low-mineralized sulfite-silt therapeutic muds of the system of Alakol lakes has not been received.

[Dzhetimov, M.A., Mazbayev, O.B., Asubayev B.K., Yesengabylova A., Tokpanov, E.A. Physical And Chemical Microbiological Analysis Of The Therapeutic Mud Of “Kossor” Deposit Of Alakol Lake. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):217-221]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.28

Keywords: peloid, brine, balneology, general microbial number, microflora, thermal capacity, hydrotroilite, sanitary-microbiological indicator

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The Sonographic Estimation of Renal Length and Determination of the Main Causes of Chronic Renal Failure

Moawia Gameraddin^1,4, Jumaa Tamboul^1,3, Maha Ismeal^2,4, Mohamed Yousef^1,3, Suliman Salih ^1,5

¹ Taibah University, College of Medical Applied Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Fax: 8475790,  P.O: 30001 Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA,

² Najran University, College of Medical Applied Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology

³ College of Medical Radiologic Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology. P.O. Box 1908, Khartoum, Sudan

⁴Alzaeim Alazhari University, Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging. P.O. Box 1432 Khartoum Bahri 13311-Sudan

⁵ National Cancer Institute - University of Gezira, Sudan

E-mail: m.bushra@yahoo.com, gameraldinm@gmail.com

Abstract: The incidence of chronic renal failure had been increased in recent years. The disease is costive and needs special care which is very expensive. The aims of this study were to identify the main causes and to measure the renal length using ultrasound. The study was conducted at Ali Fadl Hospital and Al Salam Hospital in Khartoum State from the period of January to April 2012. There were 53 patients with confirmed chronic renal failure had been selected to satisfy the study. All patients had been scanned with ultrasound to measure the length of the kidneys. A clinical sheet was designed to include the clinical history of the patients. It was observed that every patient could have more than cause of CRF, So the percentage of the main causes would not complete the full hundred percentage. The study confirmed that diabetes, hypertension and glomerulonephritis were the main causes of chronic renal failure which represented 91.9%, 83.8% and 94.6% respectively. The study showed most of the right renal lengths (right Kidney) was ranged between 4.3 to 5cm which represent approximately 55% of the measurements. The renal length of the left kidney was mainly ranged between 5 to 5.5 cm and represent 64.15 %. The mean value of the length of the right kidney was 5.95 cm and the left was 6.14cm.

[Gameraddin M, Ismeal M, Yousef M, Tamboul J, Salih S. The Sonographic Estimation of Renal Length and Determination of the Main Causes of Chronic Renal Failure. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):222-225]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.29

Key words: Estimation, renal length, patients, chronic renal failure, sonography

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter isolates from King Fahd General Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Magda M. M. Aly^1,2*, Saad B. Al Masoudi¹, Muhammad A. Halwani³ Noha Q. Al humidi¹

¹Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, ²Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelshikh University, Egypt, ³Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author e-mail : magdammali@hotmail.com

Abstract: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen and many Hospital outbreaks have been described from various geographic areas. The resistance patterns of 104 isolates from King Fahad General Hospital; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was studied. These Acinetobacter isolates were collected in six month period, from April to December 2010 from 102 patients with various specimens including sputum, wound, urine; blood; cerebrospinal fluid and other locations. Regardless of the specimen, there was a high rate of MDR Acinetobacter spp. in ICU isolates. Of the 104 isolates of Acinetobacter, 88.5% were A. baumannii and 11.5% Non A. baumannii. All of the strains were susceptible to colistin (MIC₅₀ ≤ 0.5 mg/l; MIC₉₀ ≤1 mg/l) and higher MICs were recorded for all tested antibiotics. Twenty antibiotypes were observed among the Acinetobacter spp. The largest predominate antibiotype contained a total of 32 MDR strains including 29 A. baumannii (Ab) and 3 non A. baumannii isolates. The isolates gelonging to the predominate antibiotype was resistant to the tested antimicrobial agents such as amikacin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin/ tazobactam, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and was sensitive to colistin and tigecycline. This study help taking effective measures for controlling Acinetobacter and data could be used in future as medical reference.

[Aly MM, Al Masoudi SB, Halwani MA and Al humidi NQ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter isolates from King Fahd General Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):226-233] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.30

Keywords: King Fahd General Hospital, antibiotic, Acinetobacter baumannii, MIC, MDR

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The comportment, morphology and body growth of the juvenile specimen of the herbivorous lizard Uromastyx aegyptius microlepis

Soussia Lotfi , Krouma Abdelmajid

College of Sciences and Arts in the Al-Rass Province, Qassim University, BP 53, 51921. Saudi Arabia.

abdelmajid.krouma@gmail.com

Abstract: We assessed the behaviour and the growth of five body homogen and juvenile specimen of Uromastyx aegptius for 17 days. Daily observations were made and weekly measurements were collected. Obtained results showed that the studied spiny tailed lizard increase his body mass and length during the period of high temperature and continue to consume food. When the winter weather become and temperature decreased considerably Animal stop food consumption and start to lose body mass. As for some reptile, the high temperature and direct sunlight change the skin colour of Uromastyx aegyptius.

[Soussia Lotfi, Krouma Abdelmajid. The comportment, morphology and body growth of the juvenile specimen of the herbivorous lizard Uromastyx aegyptius microlepis. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):234-237]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.31

Keywords: Uromastyx aegyptius; body mass; body length;  tail length; skin color

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Ameliorative effect of olive leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Noorah S. Al-Sowayan¹ and H.M. Mousa²

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of food science and human nutrition,College of Agric.Vet. Science Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

^1.knaaj1@yahoo.com, ^2.hasmousa@hotmail.com

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats to validate its folklore use in kidney diseases. Treatment with CCl4 (5 ml/kg body wt., i/p diluted in 9 volumes olive oil) significantly increased the level of serum creatinine, urea and significantly reduced the level of uric acid. In kidney homogenate, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased while thiobarbituricacid reactive substances (TBARSs) were increased with CCl4treatment. Histopathological changes including glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, necrosis of epithelium, interstitial edema and congestion in capillary loops was observed after CCl4 administration. Treatment with olive leaf extract (50 mg /kg body wt./d or 100 mg/kg body wt./d) significantly attenuated the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by CCl4 suggesting that OLE protected CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity through enhancement of renal antioxidant system.

[Noorah S. Al-Sowayan^, H.M. Mousa. Ameliorative effect of olive leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):238-242]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.32

Keywords: Olive leaf extract, Carbon tetrachloride, nephrotoxicity, rats

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Cyber subsidiary material Exchange Transfer System for the small and medium-sized businesses'

purchasing cost reduction

Byung Tae Chun ¹, Suck-Joo Kang ²

^1. Dept. of Computer Web Information Engineering, Hankyong National University, 327, Chungang-no, Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do, Korea. chunbt@hknu.ac.kr

^2. Division of Information &Communication, I-GenStart Corp., Gwangyang-si, JeollaNam-Do, Korea. sjkang@gmail.com

Abstract: According to the developing countries high economic growth, the rapid growth of the subsidiary material consumption and some countries' efforts to weaponize the resources are working as a factor to raise the prices of the subsidiary material. The instability of the small and medium-sized businesses' subsidiary material demand and supply works as a major factor to weaken the small and medium-sized businesses' competitive power and therefore necessitates the stable subsidiary material demand and supply strategies. The indirect cost is taking a big part in the small and medium-sized businesses' subsidiary material purchasing and the indirect cost reduction bring the small and medium-sized businesses' subsidiary material pricing reduction effect, for which we need the indirect cost reduction methods and for the indirect cost reduction, we need the subsidiary material Exchange Transfer System. The main functions of the subsidiary material media exchange System are as follows: online industry subsidiary material related trend and product information provision, company inspection information provision for the overseas suppliers, negotiation, contract management work performance and the actual trading work performing System. By developing these systems, we can enforce the small and medium-sized companies' competitive power and vitalize the port economy.

[B.T. Chun, S.J. Kang. Cyber subsidiary material Exchange Transfer System for the small and medium-sized businesses' purchasing cost reduction. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):243-247]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.33

Keywords: medium-sized businesses, material exchange, purchasing cost reduction

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Production of cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes by fungi isolated from spoilage fruits using solid state fermentation

Ahmed R. Al-Najada

King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ahmedrn@hotmail.com

Abstract: In this study, we isolated and identified some of spoilage fungi from local fruits specially date. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most consumed fruit in Saudi Arabia. Nine spoilage fruit fungi ere isolated and identified as follows Aspergillus  niger (Rabea-1 dates), spergillus parasiticus (Rabea-2 dates), Aspergillus awamori (Mabrooma dates), Aspergillus wentii (Safawi dates), spergillus japonicus (Rutab dates), Aspergillus niger (Cantaloupe), Aspergillus foetidus (Quince), Mucor racemosum (Mango), Pythium sp. (Avocado). The results reported that Aspergillus spp. caused the spoilage for all dates tested. The isolated fungi were cultured on their peels of spoilage fruits Rabea-2 dates, Rabea-2 dates, Mabrooma dates, Safawi Dates, Rutab Dates, Cantaloupe, Quince, Mango, and Avocado using solid state fermentation. Cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: xylanase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and α-amylase were detected in the crude extract of all tested fungi. Xylanase and polygalacturonase had highest level of activities as compared to the cellulase and α-amylase. The results indicated that xylanase and polygalacturonase of fungi had important role for spoilage of fruits.

[Ahmed R. Al-Najada. Production of cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes by fungi isolated from spoilage fruits using solid state fermentation. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):248-252]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.34

Keywords: Fruit, Spoilage, Fungi, Dates, cell wall enzymes.

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Partial purification and physicochemical characterization of polygalacturonase from Aspergillus awamori

Ahmed R. Al-Najada

King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ahmedrn@hotmail.com

Abstract: In the present study, polygalacturonase from Aspergillus awamori was purified partially. The elution profile of the chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose column showed that polygalacturonase activity was detected in two peaks PGase 1 and PGase 2. PGase 1 was found to have optimum pH of 6.5, while optimum pH was 5.5 for PGase 2. The same temperature optima for Aspergillus awamori PGase 1 and PGase 2 were detected at 50˚C. The temperature stability for Aspergillus awamori PGase 1 and PGase 2 was detected up to 40 and 50˚C, respectively. The Aspergillus awamori PGase 1 and PGase 2 activities were compared to the activity with polygalacturonic acid which was regarded as 100% activity. The relative rate of hydrolysis of the pectins decreased with decreasing percentage of esterification: pectin 8% > pectin 26% > pectin 67% > pectin 87%. The apparent K_m and V_max values were reported for PGase1 (1.75 mg/ml and 14 units/ml) and PGase2 (1.5 mg/ml and 15.4 units/ml). The most of metal ions tested had no significant effect on Aspergillus awamori PGase 1 and PGase 2, except of Hg⁺² caused strong inhibitory effect. The results information will be helpful to inhibit the fungal polygalacturonase caused spoilage for fruit and also useful for various biotechnological applications specially food processing.

 [Ahmed R. Al-Najada. Partial purification and physicochemical characterization of polygalacturonase from Aspergillus awamori. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):253-259]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.35

Keywords: polygalacturonase, Aspergillus awamori, purification, characterization.

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Influence Of Feeding On Three Stored Product Pests On Rearing Of The Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae) In Hail, Saudi Arabia

Koloud A. Al-Shammery

Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University,1441 Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

E-mail: kh_elshemmary@hotmail.com

Abstract: Survey study of stored-product was conducted in hail region during 2013. Predatory mite species were found associated with insect and mite pests, among those Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans was the most abundant species. This mite was provided with three acarid mite pest, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), Caloglyphus rodrigeuzi Samsinak, Acarus siro L. in addition to the insect Ephestia kuehinella (Keller) and incubated at 26^oC and 65% RH. Development and reproduction of C. malaccensis were faster and females produced more eggs when they were provided with T. putrescentiae and followed by C. rodrigeuzi while A. siro was the last. Cheyletus malaccensis successfully doubled its population in a shorter time and had the highest rates of net reproduction, natural increase in addition to finite rate of increase when it fed on T. putrescentiae. The cheyletid mite C. malaccensis proved to be effective and can play a role in biological control of stored-product insect and mite pests.

[Al-Shemmary KA. Influence Of Feeding On Three Stored Product Pests On Rearing Of The Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae) In Hail, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):260-266]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.36

Key words: Cheyletus malaccensis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Caloglyphus rodrigeuzi, Acarus siro, biology and life tables.

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Fasudil Hydrochloride Induces Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiating into Neuron-like Cells

PENG Tao, WAN Wencui, TENG Junfang, GUAN Wenjuan, JIA Yanjie*

Department of Neurology, First affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,China

(Foundation item: First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Youth Innovation Fund)

jiayanjie1971@yahoo.com.cn

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride to induce rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into neuron-like cells, and study the role of Rho-kinase inhibitor during the proliferation and development of MSCs. METHODS: Rat MSCs were isolated from Wistar rats and cultured to 15-18 passages.We used fasudil hydrochloride (200 μmol/L) and β-Mercaptoethanol as inducers to differentiate MSCs respectively, and then observed morphologic changes of differentiated cells,stained with AO/EB mixed fluorescent dye to estimate the apoptosis of MSCs, identified them by detecting NF200, NSE and GFAP by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Both fasudil hydrochloride and β-Mercaptoethanol can  induce MSCs differentiate into neuron-like cells.However,fasudil hydrochloride can induce MSCs more rapdily and efficiently.After 120 min of induction, most MSCs turned neuron-like apperance and connected to network especially apparent in fasudil hydrochloride (200 μmol/L) group, the survival rate gradually decreased as the induction time extend. Immunofluorescence suggested the expression of NSE, NF200 increased but GFAP decreased apparently as the induction time extend. CONCLUSION: Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride can rapidly and efficiently induce rat bone marrow derived MSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells.

[PENG Tao, WAN Wencui, TENG Junfang, GUAN Wenjuan, JIA Yanjie. Fasudil Hydrochloride Induces Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiating into Neuron-like Cells. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):267-270 == page 274+ numpages 5-1278- page 274+1 ]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.37

Key Words: Fasudil Hydrochloride; β-Mercaptoethanol; MSCs;Induce; Neuron

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Clinical observation of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling treatment of traumatic macular hole

WAN Wencui, JIN Xuemin*, ZHANG Nannan,  ZHU Yu*

Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

(Foundation item: First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Youth Innovation Fund)

zhuyu6@yahoo.com.cn

Abstract: Purpose: To review our experience with vitrectomy surgery techniques for the treatment of traumatic macular holes and surgical findings. Methods: Retrospective noncomparative, multicenter, case series. Twenty-four patients with traumatic macular hole underwent surgical repair, Vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas injection followed by prone positioning for 7 to 14. Days，Postoperative evaluation included visual acuity testing, closure of the macular hole, and ocular complications. Results: All the affected eye line smooth vitreous cut inside joint boundary film glass, no severe intraoperative and postoperative complications. To the final follow-up, 24 eyes vision improved 2 rows over 17 eyes (70.83%). Within a month after confirmed by OCT 22 eyes (91.67%), macular hole closed completely, no recurrence and postoperative follow-up. Six months after the other 2 eyes macular hole hasn't closed, one eye for preoperative combined with vitreous hemorrhage and macular hole around the choroid injury, 1 eye to blast injury before 2a surgery. Conclusions: Vitrectomy surgery can successfully close macular holes associated with trauma and improve vision.

[WAN Wencui, JIN Xuemin, ZHANG Nannan,  ZHU Yu. Clinical observation of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling treatment of traumatic macular hole. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):271-274]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.38

Key Words: vitrectomy; traumatic macular  hole

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Renal and Cardiovascular Damage Induced by Cisplatin in Rats

Rasha M. Saleh ¹, Walaa F. Awadin ^2*, Yousef Y. Elseady ¹ and Faheim E. Wehaish¹

¹Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

walaafekriawadin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The anticancer drug cisplatin can cause severe side effects, but to date, the mechanisms of action of these dangerous side effects have not been completely elucidated. The presence of these dangerous side effects prompted research to achieve a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the toxicities. In the present study, we demonstrated renal and cardiovascular damage induced by cisplatin as indicated by the assessment of blood pressure, heart rate, biochemical assays and histophathological examination of kidney, heart and aorta in control and cisplatin treated rats. The biochemical assays included the measurements of serum creatinine, urea, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), albumin, total protein (TPs), nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) level and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) levels in the serum. Moreover, NO, MDA and GSH levels were assayed in kidney and heart tissue homogenates. The biochemical assay showed increased levels of creatinine, urea, HDL, LDL, TGs, TC, cTn-I, NO, LDH, MDA and decreased levels of albumin, TPs and GSH. Various histopathological lesions were observed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from cisplatin administered rats that increased in severity by the day 30. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willbrand factor (vWF) and caspase were applied. Caspase-3 expression was detected in the control group on 1^st and 4^th weeks in the proximal renal tubules, meanwhile, VEGF expressions was increasingly expressed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from cisplatin group only. Meanwhile, vWF was variously expressed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from the control group. A weak expression of vWF was observed in kidneys, heart and aorta from the cisplatin group.

[Rasha M. Saleh, Walaa F. Awadin^, Yousef Y. Elseady and Faheim E. Waheish. Renal and Cardiovascular Damage Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):275-287]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.39

Keywords: cisplatin, kidney, heart, aorta, vascular damage.

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Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Turnover in Tamoxifen and Chemotherapy Treated Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer

Amani F.H.Noureldeen^1,2, Hanaa M. Gashlan¹ and Wafaa T. Arab³

¹ Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

³Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Lap specialist at king Fahad Center for Medical Research

amaninoureldeen@yahoo.com

Abstract: Preserving healthy bone among Postmenopausal women with breast cancer receives priority. The goal of study was to find out changes in calcium homeostasis and bone turnover in those patients. 82 patients were recruited and were classified into: newly diagnosed (ND, n= 15), tamoxifen (TT, n= 10) and chemotherapy treated (Chem, n= 57) groups. Serum was used for determination of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone markers (osteocalcin, carboxy terminal propeptide of type I collagen and cathepsin K). Both hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia were detected in all groups with hypocalcaemia predominant among Chem group. No significant change in phosphate was noted between Chem and ND groups, while higher values were observed in TT compared to ND. PTH showed no significant variation between all studied groups. Vitamin D was almost below sufficient levels in ND and Chem groups, while improvement was noted by tamoxifen treatment. Both tamoxifen and chemotherapy treatment at the tested doses and duration had no effect on bone turnover markers. It is recommended to follow up total and ionized calcium and vitamin D before starting breast cancer therapy and during treatment and provide supplement when their levels falls.

[Amani F.H. Noureldeen, Hanaa M. Gashla and Wafaa T. Arab. Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Turnover in Tamoxifen and Chemotherapy Treated Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):288-294]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.40

Keywords: Postmenopausal; Breast cancer; Tamoxifen; Chemotherapy; Bone turnover.

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Accuracy of Nuclear Medicine Technologist Reporting on Bone Scintigraphy: A Case Study from Sudan

Suliman Salih^1,2

¹College of Applied Science, Taibah University. P.O.Box 30001, Almadinah Almunawarah, KSA

² National Cancer Institute - University of Gezira, Sudan

Salim_suliman@hotmail.com

Abstract: The expansion of the reporting role of a radiologic technologist (radiographer) has been necessary over the past four decades in order to deliver and to expand clinical imaging services. In developing countries, radiologic technologist reporting has become a requirement when a shortage exists in medical staff. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of bone scintigraphy reporting from a nuclear medicine technologist in comparison with that of a nuclear medicine physician as the reference standard. This study comprised a statistical assessment of nuclear medicine technologist (NMT) reporting on 100 bone scans in comparison with nuclear medicine physician reporting as a reference standard. The study was carried out at the National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Sudan. The NMT started reporting on bone scans after he successfully completed a formal training course in nuclear medicine clinical reporting, delivered by Salford University, through a continuous professional development program. This study revealed that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of nuclear medicine technologist reporting were 97.4%, 95.8%, and 97%, respectively, when compared to that of a nuclear medicine physician. This study provides evidence that the reporting of nuclear medicine technologists on bone scintigraphy is accurate if they are exposed to formal training in nuclear medicine image reporting.

[Suliman Salih. Accuracy of Nuclear Medicine Technologist Reporting on Bone Scintigraphy: A Case Study from Sudan. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):295-298]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.41

Keywords: Nuclear medicine technologist, Image reporting, Bone scintigraphy.

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CLOUD EXPEDITE: A Novel Generic Business Model for Emerging Paradigm Shift in Cloud Computing

Muhammad Ramzan ¹, Mohammed Alawairdhi²

^1. College of Computing & Information Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

m.ramzan@seu.edu.sa

^2. College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia

mawairdhi@imamu.edu.sa

Abstract: Cloud computing is an emerging area of research and development in the realm of computer sciences. It offers a lot of potential in providing cost effective and efficient services to the consumers on the web. However, some issues still persist with respect to security and reliability of cloud applications. This contribution discusses the generic business models in cloud computing paradigm. On the basis of this discussion we propose a business model which we term as “Cloud Expedite”. Cloud Expedite is a modified generic model for cloud computing applications that ensures separation of concerns and better user satisfaction for consumers and developers. The focus of this model is to divide infrastructure layer into two layers: infrastructure layer and cloud vendor layer, to introduce more effective separation of concern. This approach will result into better services to stakeholders. The proposed model mainly relies on SaaS model for service level agreements but also supports PaaS and IaaS models. We also discuss the evaluation strategies and challenges faced by this model.

[Muhammad Ramzan, Mohammed Alawairdhi. CLOUD EXPEDITE: A Novel Generic Business Model for Emerging Paradigm Shift in Cloud Computing. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):299-306]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.42

Keywords: Cloud Computing, IaaS, PaaS, SaaaS, Cloud Platform, SLA.

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Evaluation of oxidative stress in bronchio-asthmatic children in Qassim

Maha I. Al-Khalaf

College of Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

maha_omadee@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bronchial asthma is one of very common diseases in Saudi Arabia. Exposing the body to high oxidizing agent daily during the work will cause a failure of the defense system (immunity system) to protect of the body, which increase the number of oxidizing agent in the body which known as vintage (oxidative stress) which consider as mean factor risk for many diseases one of them is Bronchial asthma. This work aims to investigate oxidative status in asthmatic patients in Qassim region as a measure of oxidative stress that may affect hematological parameters. Oxidant/antioxidant parameters were estimated in blood samples such as; hydrogen peroxide, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Malondialdehyde, The total protein, carbonyl protein and blood indices. The results of the biochemical parameters of patients were compared to that of the normal control group. The results showed that samples of asthmatics group had high rates of oxidative stress, accompanied by a major imbalance in the amount of antioxidants. In addition, high levels of lipid peroxidation products and carbonyl protein, was also associated with a reduction in the rates of total protein and blood content of hemoglobin. The results also showed a significant decline in the blood indices as well as blood cell count as compared to the control group. In conclusion, the study reveals a critical imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status accompanied by a decline in hematological parameters that may lead to permanent inflammation if not diagnosed early and treated.

[Maha I. Al-Khalaf. Evaluation of oxidative stress in bronchio-asthmatic children in Qassim. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):307-313]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.43

Key wards: bronchial asthma- oxidant- antioxidant- blood indices.

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The Effect of Counseling on Patients’ Adherence Regarding Anti Hypertensive Therapeutic Regimen

Manal Salah¹ Rasmia Abd El-Sattar Ali and ²Amal Talaat

 Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, ¹ Community Health Nursing Department,²Obstetric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University

amalsharkawy8000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Patients’ education, their knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, their perception of the benefits and potential risks of treatment, and their active participation in treatment decisions have been found to affect their adherence with treatment recommendations. Nurses play an important role in helping patients modify unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, but they do not always routinely advise their hypertensive patients to change their behavior. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of counseling on patients’ adherence regarding anti hypertensive therapeutic regimen. Design of this study was a quasi- experimental research design. Setting: This study was conducted at Cardiac Outpatient Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 patients was included in the study with essential and secondary hypertension. Tools: Patient interview questionnaire sheet, Patient’s adherence assessment sheets as Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) and The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). Results: All of the studied patients had inadequate knowledge about hypertension and self care activities regarding it pre counseling program intervention, which improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after the program intervention with highly significant differences between pre- and post intervention. As well, the majority of the studied patients had adequate self-care practices post program intervention and during the follow up period. There was also a highly significant difference between the patents’ adherence to the anti hypertension medication pre and post program Conclusion: The counseling program improved patents’ knowledge, self care practices and adherence to the anti hypertensive medication Recommendation: The study should be replicated on a larger sample and different hospitals and community settings in order to generalize the results.

Manal Salah, Rasmia Abd El-Sattar Ali and Amal Talaat. The Effect of Counseling on Patients’ Adherence Regarding Anti Hypertensive Therapeutic Regimen. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):314-335]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.44

Keywords: Hypertension, Adherence, Therapeutic regimen, counseling program.

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Digital Filters Design using Matlab with Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Adnan Affandi¹, Abdullah M. Dobaie² and Mubashshir Husain³

Professor, Dept., of Elect.& Comp. Eng., Faculty of Eng. King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, KSA¹

Assistant Professor, Dept., of Elect.& Comp. Eng., Faculty of Eng. King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, KSA²

Lecturer, Dept., of Elect.& Comp. Eng., Faculty of Eng. King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, KSA³

mubashshir.husain.delhi@gmail.com

Abstract: Digital filtering occupies an extremely important position in the digital signal processing.This paper introduces the new concept of using Matlab with Graphical User Interface in designing FIR(Finite Impulse Response) digital filters and IIR(Infinite Impulse Response) digital filters. Matlab, which is a high-performance numerical calculation program and provides a powerful function of graphical display. Matlab is widely used in engineering calculation, numerical analysis,etc. This paper introduces the definition and basic principles of FIR & IIR digital filters. In this paper we have designed Graphical User Interface consists of almost all types of IIR filters and FIR filters. User simply have to insert filter specifications on GUI and get magnitude response, phase response, etc of required the filter.

[Adnan Affandi, Abdullah M. Dobaie and Mubashshir Husain. Digital Filters Design using Matlab with Graphical User Interface (GUI). Life Sci J 2014;11(5):336-348]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.45

Keywords: FIR digital filter,IIR digital filters Matlab,Graphical User Interface,etc.

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In vitro effects of different concentrations of aqueous ozone on cells infected with herpes virus

Abeer Gawish¹, Maha A. Bahammam²

^1.King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, P.O. Box 80209 Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia & Al-Azhar University Egypt. gawish27@gmail.com

^2.King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, P.O. Box 80209 Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Ozone therapy has unique therapeutic properties of non-tissue invasion, absence of side effects or adverse reactions, all of which are responsible for its widespread use. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of aqueous ozone in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. Aqueous ozone in different doses and concentrations were applied in vitro on Vero cells infected with HSVI and on non-infected cells. The results showed complete inhibition of HSV1 infected cells at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02 mg/L respectively in all doses. The control normal Vero cells exposed to aqueous ozone with various concentrations showed no effects on their morphology and cell growth rate. It was concluded that ozone therapy had antiviral activity against HSVI virus infections in vitro which was both dose and concentrations dependent. Future studies may show that aqueous ozone could become a safe therapeutic agent for herpes simplex virus infections.

[Abeer Gawish, Maha A. Bahammam. In vitro effects of different concentrations of aqueous ozone on cells infected with herpes virus. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):349-352]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.46

Keywords: ozone, ozone therapy, herpes simplex, viral disease.

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Prevalence of Dust Mites in Three Different Geographic Regions ofSaudi Arabia: Taif, Al-Baha and Abha

Nada Othman Edrees

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdul-Aziz University.Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

nada.algalb@hotmail.com; nedrees@kau.edu.sa; dr_nada_edrees2006@yahoo.com

Abstract: A study was conducted on the population dynamics of house dust mites and the impact of geographic distribution in three cities located in the southern and southwestern regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Some of their affiliated villages and outskirts were also studied over a nine-month period from April to December 2012, covering the autumn, spring and summer seasons. These seasons are typically characterized by heavy rainfall, relative equinox, and varying temperatures. Those provided appropriate environmental conditions for the growth and proliferation of house dust mite species. Each region was divided into three smaller regions. Ten houses were selected in each small region affiliated to the selected major regions in each city on a case-by-case basis. Total house for the entire study were 90. Site visits and surveys were conducted twice a month using a standard vacuum cleaner with paper collection bags, used only one time. Bags were kept in a deep freezer untilwe were able to count the mites and identify the species for each region. Overall, the three major regions were found to have three species with proportions of 36.73 (T. putrescentiae), 23.93 (B.tropicali) and 8.33 (A. siro). The T.putrescentiaespecies had the highest population in Abha and Taif, while the B tropicalisspecies showed was the highest in Taif. These differences are attributable to climate differences, proximity of houses to grain storage warehouses and silos, living conditions, population dynamics, house age, house type, age of furniture, number of occupying individuals, and cleanliness level. Farmers' houses marked the highest population dynamics at an arithmetic mean of 29.27, followed by public houses at 22.67. Houses of the wealthy ranked last with 17.07. The Abha region showed the highest diversity of house dust mite species as well as the highest population dynamics compared to the other regions. This is attributable to its location, climate and the similarity to the climate of tropical regions, in terms of dynamics and diversity of species.

[Nada Othman Edrees. Prevalence of Dust Mites in Three Different Geographic Regions of Saudi Arabia: Taif, Al-Baha and Abha. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):353-360]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.47

Key words: Saudi Arabia,Population dynamics, species,significant, Taif, Al-Baha and Abha, dust mite, pyroglyphidae, T. putrescentiae, D. pteronyssinus, A. siro, B. freeman, S. nesbetti, C. malaccensis, D. farina, Btropicalis, D.farinae.

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Regulatory autoantibodies in women with risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage depending on childbirths parity

Gauri Bapayeva ¹, Michael Tchirikov ², Saltanat Kulbayeva ³,  Bolat Balabekov ⁴, Marlen Yessirkepov ⁵

¹ National Research Center for Maternal and Child, Astana, Republic of  Kazakhstan

² University Clinic of Obstetrics, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany

³ International Kazakh Turkish University, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

⁴ L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan

⁵ South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

marlen-forex@inbox.ru

Abstract: Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the world. This complication is not decreasing in Kazakhstan and this tendency is proved by the results of confidential audit. Multiparous women have one of the highest rates of obstetric haemorrhage. In recent time there are a lot of data regarding the role of regulatory autoantibodies system in pathogenesis of gestational complications which also include obstetric haemorrhage. The aim of this research is to evaluate the regulatory antibodies level in women with risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage depending on childbirths parity. Materials and Methods: 126 pregnant women have been examined, i.e. 96 pregnant women of haemorrhage risk group and 30 pregnant women with physiologic gestation and childbirth course. Pregnant women of risk group have been divided into 2 groups depending on outcome of childbirth: basic and comparative groups. Basic group included 65 women, who had postpartum haemorrhage, i.e. 37 multiparous (5 and more childbirth) women were in the 1^st subgroup, and 28 primipara (1 childbirth)  and bipara (2-4 childbirth) women were in the II subgroup. Comparative group included 31 women of risk group without postpartum haemorrhage. The level of regulatory autoantibodies in blood serum of all pregnant women was determined in 3^rd trimester of pregnancy using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. Results: We found that 75,4% of women from the basic group had pathologic characteristics of average individual immune reactivity, which had predominantly decreasing tendency. At the same time, 39,2% of women in comparative group had domination of relative autoantibodies hyperproduction. Imbalance of immune system became worth with increasing of childbirths parity, and that was correlated by volume of haemorrhage after childbirth. Conclusion: Obtained data show that obstetric haemorrhages were progressed against the background of the most expressed changes in regulatory autoantibodies content, which had interrelation with the parameters of haemostasis. Moreover, it was defined that this imbalance was more often widespread among multiparous women than among primipara and bipara women.

[Bapayeva G., Tchirikov M., Kulbayeva S., Balabekov B., Yessirkepov M. Regulatory autoantibodies in women with risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage depending on childbirths parity. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):361-368]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.48

Keywords: postpartum haemorrhage, autoantibodies, multiparous women.

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Effect of working memory training on memory performance in young adults of Medical University

Aizhan Raushanova¹, Serik Meirmanov²*, Botagoz Turdalieva¹, Ayan Myssayev³, Gulshara Aimbetova¹, Aikan Akanov¹, Bahit Musayeva¹, Dilbar Adizbaeva¹, Alma-gul Ryskulova¹, Nurbol Mendaliyev¹, Akmaral Tanirbergenova¹

¹Kazakh National Medical University named after S. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

² Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, College of Asia Pacific Studies, Beppu city, Japan.

³ Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.

serikmed@apu.ac.jp

Abstract: Background: One of the indicators of the quality of medical education is good study performance which is very much influenced by the working memory capacity. Recent studies have reported that working memory can be improved after training. In this study, we were looking for association between working memory training and its performance among healthy students of Medical University. In Kazakhstan, a similar study has not been conducted before. Methods: design is before and after study. 409 students of Medical University took part in the study: 191 in study group and 218 - in control. The study and control groups were comparatively equal by age and gender. Reading span test was used for working memory training and Dual N-back test was used for results’ measuring. Five weeks training in study group were performed. Results: in study group the mean of correct answers in pre-test was 62.5 ± 12.3 and after training it increased till 73.6 ± 12.3 (p<0.001). In control group in pre- and post-test were 63.3 ± 11.5 and 63.7 ± 12.4 (p = 0.303) respectively. In comparison between groups the mean of correct answers in study group was higher by 17.8% (р<0.001). Conclusion: we have found not only increases of working memory in healthy young adults after 5-weeks training, but also develop other cognitive functions - improving auditory and spatial memory in parallel to visual one.

[Raushanova A., Meirmanov S., Turdalieva B., Myssayev A., Aimbetova G., Akanov A., Musayeva B., Adizbaeva D., Ryskulova A., Mendaliyev N., Tanirbergenova A. Effect of working memory training on memory performance in young adults of Medical University. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):369-373]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.49

Keywords: working memory training, young adults, and medical students.

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High Glucose Upregulates Arginase 1 and Decreases Nitric Oxide Production through ATF-2 and c-Jun Transcription Factors

Alia Shatanawi ¹, Munir N. Gharaibeh ¹, Ruth B. Caldwell ^{2, 3}, R. William Caldwell ⁴

^1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman Jordan 11942

^2. Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, ^3. VA Medical Center,

^4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta, GA  30912

a.shatanawi@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. VED is characterized by impaired endothelial cell (EC) production or availability of nitric oxide (NO). NO produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is needed for normal vascular function. VED of diabetes has been linked to elevated levels of arginase which can compete with eNOS for available L-arginine. This will reduce vascular NO production. In this study, transcriptional regulation of arginase was explored in response to high glucose (HG) in EC.  Treatment of EC with HG (25 mM, 72 hrs) caused a 55.3±3.1% increase in arginase activity accompanied by a 32.4±5.9% decrease in NO production.  The involvement of two transcription factors of the AP1 family; ATF- 2 and c-Jun was studied. Depletion of ATF-2 or c-Jun by siRNAs prevented both of the effects of HG on arginase activity and NO production. In addition, HG enhanced arginase 1 gene transcriptional activity (1.6 folds, p<0.05) measured as luciferase activity in ECs transfected with arginase 1 promotor luciferase. Transfection of EC with ATF-2 or c-Jun siRNA prevented the enhancement of luciferase activity. This indicates that ATF-2 and c-Jun are necessary for enhanced expression of arginase 1 under HG conditions. The data indicate that HG limits NO production while upregulating arginase 1 expression via transcription factors ATF-2 and c-Jun. These signaling steps might be therapeutic targets for preventing VED associated with elevated arginase levels.

[Shatanawi A, Gharaibeh MN, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. High Glucose Upregulates Arginase 1 and Decreases Nitric Oxide Production through ATF-2 and c-Jun Transcription Factors. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):374-379]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.50

Keywords: Arginase, high glucose, diabetes, nitric oxide, transcription factors, ATF-2, c-Jun.

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51

Optical Simulation of Myopia for Vision Correction

Chi-Huang Chang^{1, 2}, Han-Yin Sun^1,3*,  Shuan-Yu Huang^1,3*, Tai-Chuan ko^4*

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan

²Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

³ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

⁴Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan

syhuang@csmu.edu.tw, kcc33546@gmail.com

Abstract: With the current trends in surgical development, the traditional surgical knife is being replaced by laser scalpel. In addition, traditional surgery, which is risky, is being replaced by minimally risky surgery. Assessing vision correction before laser scalpel surgery is important. This study aims to simulate image formation of the retina by using an application-specific automation processor. The results show that the image diffused with the development of myopia on the retina.

[Chi-Huang Chang, Han-Yin Sun, Shuan-Yu Huang, Tai-Chuan ko. Optical Simulation of Myopia for Vision Correction. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):380-382]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.51

Keywords: surgical knife, laser scalpel, vision correction, retina.

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Applying the Kinematic Parameters from the Bosco Jump Test to Evaluate the Athlete’s Preparadness and to Select Training Parameters

Urszula Szmatlan-Gabryś ¹, Arkadiusz Stanula ², Tomasz Gabryś ³, Mariusz Ozimek ³, Lidia Stanisz ⁴

¹  Faculty of Rehabilitation, The University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

²  Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland

³  Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, The University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

⁴  Doctoral Courses, The University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

alunats@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was undertaken to evaluate changes in the values of the indicators describing jumps during a 60 second Bosco test applied to female 400 m runners at the beginning of the general preparation period and how they depend on the levels of activation of anaerobic glycolysis estimated with blood lactate concentration. The experiment involved 8 female 400 m runners. Power, jump height, jump time, and the contact duration were recorded with the Optojump f. Microgate srl. device (Italy). The course of the test was also recorded with a video camera coupled with the Optojump system. On each of the subjects three points were marked: the trochanterion, the tibialis lateralis, and the mallolare fibulare. An analysis of the results of the study has demonstrated that the length of exercise has a major effect on variations in the kinematic indicator values recorded during jumps in the Bosco test. An analysis of the research findings identifies the Bosco test as a sensitive tool for measuring the anaerobic endurance of the lower extremities in athletes involved in speed-endurance disciplines. Further research should concentrate on seeking relationships between the character of the applied training means and their outcomes as revealed by the Bosco test.

[Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Stanula A, Gabryś T, Ozimek M, Stanisz L. Applying the Kinematic Parameters from the Bosco Jump Test to Evaluate the Athlete’s Preparadness and to Select Training Parameters. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):383-388]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.52

Keywords: test Bosco, kinematic parameters, anaerobic capacity, runners

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Segmental Body Composition in Male and Female Ice-Hockey Players

Urszula Szmatlan-Gabryś ¹, Arkadiusz Stanula ², Gabryś Tomasz ³, Mariusz Ozimek ³

¹  Faculty of Rehabilitation University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

²  Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland

³  Faculty of Physical Education and Sports University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

alunats@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine relationships between the build indicators of the body segments (the upper and the lower extremity) in female and male ice-hockey players using an indirect method with the Zaciorski’s equations (Zaciorski, 1979) utilising the body mass and the bioimpedance method (BIA). The study covered three groups of ice-hockey players. Males: Poland’s I national team, n=25 (PZHL-M), Polish national team U-18, n=28 (U18). Females: Poland’s I national team, n=29 (PZHL-W). All subjects were applied the bioimpedance method (BIA) to determine their body components: ECW (extra-cellular water), FFM (fat-free body mass), FM (body fat mass), ICW (intra-cellular body water), TBW (total body water), MM (muscular mass). The PZHL-M and PZHL U18 groups only slightly differ in the active mass indicators; in the case of FFM and MM the differences ranges between 8 and 9%. In the case of fat mass (FM) the range is 21-22%, which points to a greater absolute mass of fat tissue in subjects in the PZHL-M group. The female group is considerably different in the body components from the male groups. The absolute values show that the amount of their muscle mass accounts for 60-65% of that in both age groups of the male players, whereas the fat mass in the PZHL-M group is 74.63%, and 95,31% in the U18 group. The results of the study allowed, by analysing regression in the groups of Polish male ice-hockey players, calculating regression equations between the muscle mass of the extremities and their mass.

[Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Stanula A, Gabryś T, Ozimek M. Segmental Body Composition in Male and Female Ice-Hockey Players. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):389-395] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.53

Keywords: body segments, ice-hockey

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High Salt Diet Induced the Rapid Myopic Shift of Cataract Formation

Chi-Ting Horng ^{1,2 # ,} You-Li Lee ^{3 #}, Hsing-Chen Wu ³, Hsiao-Yun Lai ³, Jane-Yi Hsu⁴, Chi-Wen Hsu⁴,

Kuang-Jen Chien^{5* ,} Wu-Hsien Kuo ⁶

¹ Medical Euducation Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

² Department of Pharnacy, Taijen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.

³ Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁴ Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

^5.Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung,Taiwan, ROC

^6. Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

*Corresponding Author：Kuang-Jen Chie

^＃Contributed equally the work and therefore should be considered equivalent authors

h56041@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: To report a 24 young female with hypernatremia and cataract formation with high high myopic shift in the left eye which happened suddenly within one month. Methods: Case report. Results: The young female complained about blurred vision for one month in this year. After series of studies, severe nuclear sclerosis (Grade 4) of lens of left eye was found under the slit lamp examination. The myopic shift increased about 10 D (from zero to - 10D) within one month suddenly. Her bare visual acuity had decreased to 6/60. Thus, we had arranged the phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens insertion at once. At the beginning of cataract surgery, we withdraw little anterior aqueous humor fluid for analysis. Sodium in the aqueous revealed 103 mmol/kg H₂O which is apparently lower than the normal range. At the same time, we checked the serum sodium and hypernatremia (Na⁺ =151 mEq/L) was found. The mean blood pressure was about 150/95 mmHg and the patient had severe thirsty sensation. Because of the diagnosis of essential hypertension, she was suggested to receive further medical treatment. Conclusion: The causal relationship between high salt intake and high blood in established now. Besides, hypernatremia may also combine with the decreased sodium level in anterior aqueous humor. The sodium shifted into the lens would induce the osmotic swelling with lens fiber damage. The hyper-osmotic pressure may accelerate the formation of cataract. Because sodium in food was often derived from soy sauce, monosodium glutamate and miso soup in Taiwan, to inform and educate the public become very important.. To our knowledge, the very young age and the rapid change of refractive error within one month in our case had never been reported in the world.

[Chi-Ting Horng, You-Li Lee, Hsing-Chen Wu, Hsiao-Yun Lai, Jane-Yi Hsu, Chi-Wen Hsu, Kuang-Jen Chien, Wu-Hsien Kuo. High Salt Diet Induced the Rapid Myopic Shift of Cataract Formation. Life Sci J. 2014;11(5):396-399] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.54

Keywords: High Salt Diet, Cataract, Mopic shift

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Adjustable Irradiance Prototype of Smart Street Lighting System by Using Simple Optical Components

Jiann-Hwa Lue¹, Ting-Jou Ding², Rong Seng Chang¹, Shen Cherng³, Tai-Chuan Ko^4*, Shuan-Yu Huang^5,6*, Wen-Ming Cheng⁷

¹ Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 320, R.O.C.

² Department of Electro-Optical and Energy Engineering, Ming Dao University, Chang-Hua, Taiwan, R.O.C.

³ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁴ Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁶ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁷ Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

kcc33546@gmail.com, syhuang@csmu.edu.tw

Abstract: In this study, an adjustable irradiance prototype of street lighting system with several optical components and simple control circuit interface are demonstrated. By using several photoresistor sensors and data acquisition (DAQ) card, the control center of system can adjust suitable irradiance of street lamps automatically. The system will respectively supply 50% or 100% of irradiance of the street lamps depending on its detection of the insufficient environment light or sensing vehicles and pedestrians. Therefore, this street lighting system can provide sufficient irradiance to vehicles and pedestrians whenever needed. As a result, when we use LEDs street lamps and smart street lighting system simultaneously, both of the electric energy wasted by traditional street lamps and cost could be saved as well.

[Jiann-Hwa Lue, Ting-Jou Ding, Rong Seng Chang, Shen Cherng, Tai-Chuan Ko, Shuan-Yu Huang, Wen-Ming Cheng. Adjustable Irradiance Prototype of Smart Street Lighting System by Using Simple Optical Components. Life Sci J. 2014; 11(5):400-402] (ISSN:1025-2013). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.55

Keywords: smart street lighting system, LEDs, photoresistors, irradiance

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Cloning and Expression of meta-Cleavage Enzyme of BTEX Degradation Pathway from Haloalkaliphilic Pseudomonas sp. HA10

Hamdy A. Hassan^1٭, Asmaa A. Aly² and Mohamed E. Ebeid²

¹Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat city, Egypt.

  ²Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat city, Sadat City 22857-79, Egypt.

hamdy.hassan@gebri.usc.edu.eg

Abstract: The potential degradation of haloalkaliphilic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria is an interesting class of extremophilic organisms that possess special adaptation strategies that make them interesting for the remediation of polluted sites. Haloalkaliphilic pure culture using BTEX as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from water samples from Mediterranean Sea, Abu Qir-coastline, Egypt. An analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and morphological and physiological characteristics showed that this strain is a member of the genus Pseudomonas, and it was designated as strain HA10. Strain HA10 could grow at pH from 8 to 11 and salt concentration from 1.5% to 10%.Its optimal conditions for biodegradation of BTEX were pH 10 and 7% salt concentration. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene as a key catabolic genes in the degradation of BTEX compounds was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of C23O nucleotide sequence revealed a 912bp and encoded a polypeptide of molecular weight of 34.43KDa containing 303 amino acids residues. By comparison, the C23O of Pseudomonas sp. HA10 showed 81-100% identity in amino acids sequence with other C23Os. The C23O gene was overexpressed in E. coli DH5α and the gene product was identified by SDS-PAGE. To our knowledge, this is the first reported C23O gene cloned from haloalkaliphilic bacterium and successfully expressed and such finding is essential for developing in situ bioremediation technologies.

[Hamdy A. Hassan, Asmaa A. Aly and Mohamed E. Ebeid. Cloning and Expression of meta-Cleavage Enzyme of BTEX Degradation Pathway from Haloalkaliphilic Pseudomonas sp. HA10. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):403-411] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.56

Keywords: Haloalkaliphiles, BTEX, Biodegradation, Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

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Development of future teachers’ pedagogical skill on the basis of professional- focused technology

¹ Musabekova G.T., ² Ismanova R.Zh., ² Kenzhebekova R.I.,³ Daiyrbekov S.S., ³ Myrzabek L.A., ² Rizayeva L.A.

¹ International Kazakh-Turkish University H.A. Yasavi, the main campus B. Sattarhanov Avenue 29, 161200, Turkestan, Kazakhstan

²Kazakhstan Engineering and Pedagogical University of Peoples' Friendship, Jangeldin street, 13, 160000, Shymkent, Kazakhstan.

³University «Sirdariya», Auyezov Street, 11, 160500, Zhetysai, Kazakhstan

E-mail: Gulnar.iktu@mail.ru

Abstract: Development of the pedagogical bases of formation of the modern teacher both as professional and as the creative person possessing pedagogical skill becomes one of key problems. From the point of view of development future teachers’ pedagogical skill one of the important stages is the efficiency of the development and holding classes on the example of the course "Pedagogics". These classes provide formation of future teachers’ personal qualities which are significant for their future professional activity, and also knowledge, the abilities providing pedagogical skill. The classes projected on the basis of productive pedagogical technology is included in the content of experimental work as classes of innovative type. Results of experiment proved the efficiency of this technology.

[Musabekova G.T., Ismanova R.Zh., Kenzhebekova R.I., Daiyrbekov S.S., Myrzabek L.A., Rizayeva L.A. Development of future teachers’ pedagogical skill on the basis of professional- focused technology. Life Sci J 2014,11(5):412-419] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.57

Key words: development, future teacher, professional-focused technology, professional activity, pedagogical skill, development of future teachers’ pedagogical skill on the basis of professional-focused technology.

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The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Urtica dioica Root on Testes In Adult Rats

Mohammad Pourahmadi¹, Hojjatollah Karimi Jashni¹*, Bagheri Maryam², Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi³

1. Department of Anatomy, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

2. Student Research Committee,  Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

3. Research center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

zahed1340@yahoo.com

Abstract: Urtica dioica (UD) with a long history of usage in folkloric and science based herbal medicine is dioeciously and has therapeutic applications. This study was aimed to assess the effect of nettle root extract UD on the testes of adult rats. Eighty adult male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups. Three groups received 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg/day of hydro-alcoholic extract of nettle root intraperitoneally for 3 days for determining lethal dose. One group, as control and another as sham and three others received 75, 150, 300 mg/kg/day for 20 days. The rats were then sacrificed and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. The testes removed from the body and then stained tissue samples, changes of testicular tissue were studied and data collected were analyzed. There was a reduction in the mean body weight in the experiment group 3 (300 mg/kg/day) at the end of the treatment. The mean number of spermatogonia per tubular tubules, Leydig cells/mm2 in diameter tubules (µm) in the experiment group3 compared to experiment group1 (75 mg/kg/day) decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, the average diameter of the tubules of the experimental group 2 (150 mg/kg/day) and group 3 (300mg/kg/day) compared to control and sham groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). This study showed that administration of nettle root extract, at a dose of 75 mg/kg has had a positive effect on spermatogenesis and with 300 mg/kg dose has had a negative effect on spermatogenesis.

[Pourahmadi M, Jashni HK, Bagheri M, Jahromi AS. The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Urtica dioica Root on Testes In Adult Rats.  Life Sci J 2014,11(5):420-424] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.58

Keywords: Urtica dioica, Histometrical, Testes tissue, Rat

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Design and Experiment of Laser Induced 10 × 10 Array LEDs Interactive Electronic Drawing Board

Jiann-Hwa Lue¹, Shen Cherng², Shuan-Yu Huang^3,4, Tai-Chuan Ko⁵, Rong Seng Chang¹, Ting-Jou Ding^6*, Wen-Ming Cheng⁷

¹ Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C.

² Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chengshiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

³ Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁴ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁵ Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁶ Department of Electro-Optical and Energy Engineering, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.

⁷ Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

tjding@mdu.edu.tw

Abstract: In this study, the laser induced 10 × 10 array LEDs electronic drawing board is successfully demonstrated. The circuit lay-out contains several simple optoelectronic components, such as LEDs, photoresistors and relays. The experiment results reveal that the variable digital numbers can consequently be drawn on this electronic drawing board. Due to higher collimation of laser light, the painting can be drawn in the correct location and the long distance painting is achievable. Most importantly, this design will bring us the function of interaction on the large outdoor LEDs display; people are able to draw any pattern on it whenever we like. [Jiann-Hwa Lue, Shen Cherng, Shuan-Yu Huang, Tai-Chuan Ko, Rong Seng Chang, Ting-Jou Ding, Wen-Ming Cheng. Design and Experiment of Laser Induced 10 × 10 Array LEDs Interactive Electronic Drawing Board. Life Sci J. 2014;11(5):425-427] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.59

Keywords: LEDs, large display screen, interactive, electronic drawing board, laser

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Effects of UVB-induced damage on corneal tissues in surgical menopause female rats by bilaterally ovariectomy

Shiu-Jau Chen ^1#, Ching-Ju Lee ^2#, Yang-Cheng Wen ³, Tzer-Bin Lin ⁴, Hsien-Yu Peng ⁵, Hsiang-Jui Liu ⁶, Cheng-Yu Tsai³, Hung-Yu Li⁷ , Kuang-Wen Tseng^5*

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

² Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei, Taiwan

³ School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁵ Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan

⁶ Department of Optometry, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei, Taiwan

⁷ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan

^#Contributed equally.

*Corresponding Author: Kuang-Wen Tseng, E-mail: tseng@mmc.edu.tw

Abstract: Background aims: Menopause is associated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and TGF-β. The elevated cytokine levels likely contribute to the increased incidence of inflammatory diseases after menopause, such as osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases and visual disease. To determine the role of 17β-estradiol and involvement of its receptors in the prevention of light-induced corneal disorders, we performed oxidative UVB-induced corneal injury model following surgically ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Effects of UVB-induced damage on corneal tissues in OVX were compared to that in no OVX female animals. Methods: Fifteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Corneal oxidative injury was induced by exposure to UVB irradiation at 560 μW/cm² for five days, followed surgical menopause induced by bilaterally OVX. The experimental animals without surgically OVX were used as surgical treatment controls and animals without UVB irradiation as blank controls. Leukocyte accumulation and central corneal epithelial thickness after injury were examined by histopathology analysis, respectively. Results: UVB irradiation caused substantial damage to the corneas, including thinning of corneal epithelial layer, induction of neovasculazation. After surgical menopause by bilaterally ovariectomy, corneal disorders were significantly enhanced compared with UVB and blank control groups. Studies showed that increased central corneal epithelial disorders and corneal neovasculazation after ovariectomy in vivo in terms of change in corneal epithelial thickness and vessel length (P<0.05). Conclusions: The studies demonstrated that surgical menopause intensity effects on UVB radiation-induced corneal oxidative disorders in female rats, including decreased central corneal epithelial thickness and increased corneal neovasculazation. [Shiu-Jau Chen, Ching-Ju Lee, Yang-Cheng Wen, Tzer-Bin Lin, Hsien-Yu Peng, Hsiang-Jui Liu, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Hung-Yu Li, Kuang-Wen Tseng. Effects of UVB-induced damage on corneal tissues in surgical menopause female rats by bilaterally ovariectomy. Life Sci J. 2014;11(5):428-433] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.60

Keywords: menopause, ovariectomy, UVB-induced damage

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Optically addressed electrically tunable prism grating based on a liquid crystal film with a

poly(N-vinyl carbazole) alignment layer

Ying-Chuan Wang

Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, No. 452, Huanqiu Rd., Luzhu Dist., Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan, yingchuan@szmc.edu.tw

Abstract: An electrically tunable prism grating based on homogeneously aligned liquid crystals (LCs) with a poly(N-vinyl carbazole) alignment layer was experimentally analyzed in this study. The gradient refractive index of the LC film was obtained using a conductivity-gradient electrode-like grating pattern of a poly(N-vinyl carbazole) alignment layer. The application of the DC electric field yields an asymmetric diffraction pattern. The dependence of the grating period on the prism effect was also discussed.

[Ying-Chuan Wang. Optically addressed electricallytunable prism grating based on a liquid crystal film with a poly(N-vinyl carbazole) alignment layer. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):434-436]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.61

Keywords: prism grating, poly(N-vinyl carbazole), asymmetric diffraction.

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[Life Sci J2014;11(5):437-443] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

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The Safer Method of Sub-Tenon’s Bevacizumab Injection with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Non-invasive Evaluation by Series of Optic Coherence Tomography

Chi-Ting Horng ^1,2,3#, Yen-Ting Lin ^4#, Su-Lan Huang ⁴, Yuan-Ting Huang ⁵, Jen-Ming Tsai⁴, Chi-Wen Hsu ⁶, Kuang-Jen Chien ^3,7*

¹ Department of Educational Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

² Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

³ Departmet of Pharnacy, Taijen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁴ Department of Radiation, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

^5. Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

^6. Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC.

*Corresponding Author：Kuang-Jen Chien MD, MS. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. #Contributed equally the work and therefore should be considered equivalent authors

h56041@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) after deep sub-tenon bevacizumab injection by the noninvasive evaluation by optic coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Three patients having CSCR with moderate to severe vision loss were treated with at least two time of sub-tenon bevacizumab injection (0.3 ml). All the patients underwent the complete examinations at the baseline and follow-up visits. This ocular evaluation included the bare and best-corrected visual acuity (by Snellen chart), fundus biomicroscopy and OCT in each visit. Results: The follow-up point ranged between 2 and 6 months. Improvement of vision was observed, and they all had better visual acuity. The serous retinal detachment improved in all eyes and no complications were noted. The detailed findings could be easily explained and monitored by OCT. Conclusion: Deeper sub-tenon bevacizumab injection was safer and also effective in treatment of CSCR. It can induce regression of edema from serous detachment, decrease the choroidal hyper-permeability and enhance the absorption of subretinal fluid. Besides, the use of series of OCT may help us more easily to detect the posterior pole of fundus and the prognosis after bevacizumab injection. The ophthalmologists also explain to the patients and their families by detailed and simply known tomographic pictures. 

[Chi-Ting Horng, Yen-Ting Lin, Su-Lan Huang, Yuan-Ting Huang, Jen-Ming Tsai, Chi-Wen Hsu, Kuang-Jen Chien. The Safer Method of Sub-Tenon’s Bevacizumab Injection with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy : A Non-invasive Evaluation by Series of Optic Coherence Tomography. Life Sci J. 2014;11(5):444-451] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.63

Keywords: Sub-tenon’s injection, Bevacizumab, Central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR), Optic coherence tomography (OCT).

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Argumentative analysis of cultural keywords: an exercise

D. Akizhanova, D. Kamzabekuly, S. Satenova and A. Kyzyrova

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Str. 2, Teaching and Administrative Bldg, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The paper focuses on the argumentative analysis of cultural keywords on the example of a bank offer. In the paper we claim that argumentative analysis can be used as a method for identification of cultural keywords in a text. Methodological part of the research is based on Argumentum Model of Topics which was proposed and further developed by Rigotti and Greco Morasso and others. With the help of the Model we tried to distinguish keywords in the text of a bank proposal. The survey of the literature includes the work of H. Perelman, St. Toulmin, F. H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, B. Garssen, E. Rigotti, A. Rocci, S. Greco Morasso, S. Bigi, I. A. Filimon in relation to argumentation and argumentative analysis, as well as of A. Wierzbicka, R. Wiliams, G. Klueva in relation to cultural keywords, etc. The findings of the research make contribution to in tercultural and cross-cultural communication and to argumentation as well. 

[Akizhanova D., Kamzabekuly D., Satenova S., Kyzyrova A. Argumentative analysis of cultural keywords: an exercise. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):452-458] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.64

Keywords: cultural keyword; Argumentum Model of Topics; argumentative analysis; argumentation theory.

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Improving water-salt regime in irrigated agriculture

Kanat Anuarbekov, Orakhbay Zubairov and Mukhtarbek Nusipbekov

Kazakh National Agrarian University, st. of Abay, 8, Alma-Ata, 050000, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. This article studies the ameliorative condition of lands in Shieli irrigation massif by analyzing the volume of salts ingression into soil along with irrigation water and salt outcrop from the soil in sewer waters. The paper presents materials with experience of flushing saline on the area of 71.15 hectares, which gave positive results in water-and salt regime of soil.

[Anuarbekov K., Zubairov O., Nusipbekov M. Improving water-salt regime in irrigated agriculture. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):459-464] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.65

Keywords: Salinity, experimental plot, agriculture, checks, flushing, drainage.

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Phraseological units with onomatopoeic components in English and German

Elena Fridrikhovna Arsenteva and Alsu Almazovna Nurullova

Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article deals with the analysis of motivation/non-motivation of meaning of phraseological units (PUs) with onomatopoeic components in the English and German languages. Such an analysis is conducted for the first time from the point of view of combining two types of motivation of meaning of phraseologisms: by the onomatopoeic component itself, and by the image, or inner form of the whole unit. Three groups of phraseological units are distinguished in the course of the analysis in three languages. The meaning of the first group of such units is motivated both by their onomatopoeic component and their inner form. The meaning of the second group of PUs is non-motivated by both of them. The third group presents phraseological units, the meaning of which is motivated by their image but is non-motivated by their onomatopoeic component.

[Arsenteva E.F., Nurullova A.A. Phraseological units with onomatopoeic components in English and German. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):465-468] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.66

Keywords: phraseological unit, onomatopoeic component, phraseological meaning, motivation and non-motivation of meaning, phraseological image.

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Bajkonur space launching site: historical and legal aspect of Russian-Kazakh relations

Alexander Gavrilov

Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Glavnaja str., 99, pos. Cherkizovo, 141221, Pushkinskij r-n, Moskovskaja oblast', Russia

Abstract. The animals were exposed to ionizing radiation (gamma-radiation ⁶⁰Co) on the radiotherapeutic equipment “Teragam” in a dose of 6 Gy and received phyto medicine Epb in a dose of 35 mg/kg orally within 14 days following the ionizing radiation exposure. Gamma-rays caused the increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO) primary (CD-conjugated dienes) and secondary products’ (MDA-malonic dialdehyde) concentrations in spleen, liver, thymus and adrenal glands.

[Gavrilov A. Bajkonur space launching site: historical and legal aspect of Russian-Kazakh relations Life Sci J 2014;11(5):469-472] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.67

Keywords: Bajkonur, infrastructure, federal significance city, budget of city of Bajkonur, legal status, Russian-Kazakh relations, legal aspect, legal relations, development history, historic stage.

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The significance of cluster territories in resource-driven economies

Eugeny Mihajlovich Krasavin and Raisa Aleksandrovna Krasavina

National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshaja Pecherskaja Ulitsa 25/12, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603153, Russia

Abstract. This article examines the evolution of the significance of cluster territories in resource-driven economies. The author provides an analysis of factors in turning a territory into a habitat for an industrial cluster. The author proposes stages in transforming an industrial cluster into an innovation cluster based on saturating the base territory with spatially affined production and scientific units, strong direct and indirect relations, and intensive knowledge flows. The outcome of geographic concentration is expected to be the cluster synergy effect, which “turns into” the cumulative territory effect with reflection in positive social-economic processes. The author has conducted the testing of particular cluster territories for the intensity of using a cluster territory.

[Krasavin E.M., Krasavina R.A. The significance of cluster territories in resource-driven economies. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):473-477] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.68                                 

Keywords: industrial cluster, innovation cluster, intensity of using a cluster territory, cluster, cluster territory, cumulative territory effect, locality, cluster synergy effect.

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Comprehensive socio-ecological and economic assessment of the status and development of Southern Russia agricultural regions

Vladimir Ivanovich Trukhachev, Elena Ivanovna Kostyukova, Evgeny Ivanovich Gromov, Alexey Nikolaevich Gerasimov

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Zootechnical Lane, 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia

Abstract: In today's economic realities a special attention deserves the issues on research and upgrading the methodology for assessing the sustainability of the regions; effect of various factors on the development processes; elaboration of mechanisms to improve the sustainability of the regional systems, prediction and forecasting amid the crisis. Difficulties in reaching sustainable and balanced development of the subordinate entities of the Russian Federation are largely determined by economic, social, environmental and other subsystems. One of the urgent problems in recent years has become a problem of sharp differentiation between the individual subordinate entities of the Russian Federation in terms of socio-economic development. Identification of optimal forms and implementation methods of the principles of modern socio-economic policies should be based on the diagnostic results of the causes of such imbalances.

[Trukhachev V.I., Kostyukova E. I., Gromov E. I., Gerasimov A.N. Comprehensive socio-ecological and economic assessment of the status and development of Southern Russia agricultural regions. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):478-482] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.69

Keywords: Socio-ecological and economic assessment, development sustainability, agrarian-oriented regions, North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), multivariate comparison, forecasting.

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Protection methods for ship crew and passengers against the vibration of power plants

Oleg K. Bezyukov¹ and Olga V. Afanaseva²

¹Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Russia

²National Mineral Resources University (University of Mines), Russia

Abstract. This article considers the problem of protecting crew and passengers against noise and vibration emitted by marine engines. The authors present their method of how to evaluate the engine’s vibration activity caused by gas-dynamic and mechanic factors. This vibration diagnostic method can be effectively used to solve the problem of negative impact of marine machinery on people.

 [Bezyukov O.K., Afanaseva O.V. Protection methods for ship crew and passengers against the vibration of power plants. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):483-486] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.70

Keywords: vibration, criteria, similarity theory, dimensional analysis, vibration diagnostics.

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Formal and semantic variation in the sphere of morphology in the English language in the light of optionality

Albina Anvarovna Bilyalova and Jamilya Nasyhovna Mustafina

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Mira Avenue, 68/19, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423800, Russia

Abstract. The article explores the use of simple and derivative forms of adverbs in the English language from the angle of the problem of optionality. Modern English possesses numerous structures which are represented by two or more modifications having the same meaning. Variants here described are generally interchangeable, i.e. they can be used optionally. In the article an attempt has been made to introduce some differences in their usage which can bear the light to the present-day practice. Most definitions, or «rules», have been profusely illustrated to make it easier to see when and how the two structures can function as variants.

[Bilyalova A.A., Mustafina J.N. Formal and semantic variation in the sphere of morphology in the English language in the light of optionality. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):487-490] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.71

Keywords: adverbs, variation, optionality, obligatory variant, optional variant.

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The Republic of Kazakhstan cooperation with the Russian Federation and other countries of the world in the field of outer space

Yerbol Musinovich Abaideldinov, Mira Zhumagazyyevna Kulikpayeva, Aigul Anuarbekovna Shakhmova

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Street 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Issues and prospects of cooperation between Kazakhstan and foreign countries in the field of space activities are researched in the present article. Since independence Kazakhstan has been developing its own space branch and aims to become one of the leading space powers. For this purpose the necessary conditions are made: the country has the world’s largest “Baikonur” cosmodrome, the highly skilled professional stuff is forming, the government funding is provided, bilateral cooperation is developing. In this paper the provisions of international treaties and bilateral agreements are analyzed, the problems of enforcement and ways to improve it are discussed. Special attention is paid to the legal aspects of intellectual property in the field of space activities.

[Abaideldinov Y.M., Kulikpayeva M.Z., Shakhmova A.A. The Republic of Kazakhstan cooperation with the Russian Federation and other countries of the world in the field of outer space. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):491-498] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.72

Keywords: international outer space law, “Baikonur” cosmodrome, the Republic of Kazakhstan, international cooperation, intellectual property.

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Therapeutic Use of Oral Propranolol to Treat Stubborn Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Chi-Ting Horng ^1,2#, I Yaun^3#, Yuan-Ting Haung⁴, Yi-Jun Chang ³, Chun-Sheng Wei ³, Ming-Ling Tsai ⁵*

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

² Department of Pharmacy, Taijen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.

³ Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁴ Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.

⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

*Corresponding Author：Min-Ling Tsai, Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

#Contributed equally the work and therefore should be considered equivalent authors

h56041@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with stubborn central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) after oral propranolol. Methods: Two patients having CSCR with moderate to severe vision loss were treated at other hospitals but failed. They were introduced to our department. All the patients underwent the complete evaluation at the baseline and follow-up visits. This ocular examination included the bare and best-corrected visual acuity, fundus biomicroscopy and OCT in each visit(every 2 weeks).The medication of oral propranolol (20 mg qid per day) in our cases were used. Results: The follow-up time ranged between 3 and 6 months. Improvement of vision was observed, and they all had better spectacle-free vision within 2 months. The serous retinal detachment improved in all eyes and no ocular and systemic complications were noted. The detailed findings could be easily monitored by series of OCT. Conclusion: Many literatures had mentioned that the risk factors associated with CSCR including personality, psychological stress, or excessive steroid use. It is difficult to predict the exact reasons and will be bothered by the possibility of recurrence in this disease developed into chronic stage. How to select the correct drugs for patients became very important for clinicians. If failed, it may result in impaired permanent visual function. The oral propranolol (20 mg qid per day) was used to treat the patients with CSCR within 1.5 months in our study. No recurrent CSCR was noted after long time follow-op. Besides, the oral inderal showed safety concerns. The mechanisms of the beta-blockers were to reduce the adrenergic activity in the body and eyes. Propranolol had known, moreover, other advantage about the lowering the heart rate in patients with emotional stress which may be the impact factor of CSCR. Thus, we suggested that if the patients were vigorous and enthusiastic, the use of oral propranolol may be the first line medication to treat CSCR in clinics. [Chi-Ting Horng, I Yaun, Yuan-Ting Haung, Yi-Jun Chang, Chun-Sheng Wei, Ming-Ling Tsai. Therapeutic Use of Oral Propranolol to Treat Stubborn Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):499-505] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.73

Keywords: Propranolol, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR)

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Emotional intelligence and aggression among adolescents in Tehran, Iran.

Homauni Masoumeh*, Mariani Bte Mansor*, Siti Nor Yaacob*, Mansor Abu Talib*, Ghazizade Sara*

*Department of Psychology of Child Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: E-mail: mariani@putra.upm.edu.my

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sub-components of emotional intelligence and the adolescent’s aggression among Iranian high schools students in Tehran, Iran. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is a set of abilities such as conception, emotion appraisal and expression, emotion management and regulation, and emotion utilization of emotion. The present study was carried out among Iranian students. Number of respondents in the present study includes 200 (50%) males and 200 (50%) females from 20 high schools in Tehran, Iran. Respondents were between the ages of 16 to 18 years. Pearson correlation between subscales of aggression and emotional intelligence was statistically significant.

[Homauni Masoumeh, Mariani Bte Mansor, Siti Nor Yaccob, Mansor Abu Talib, Ghazizade Sara. Emotional intelligence and aggression among adolescents in Tehran, Iran. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):506-511] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.74

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Aggression, Adolescent, Tehran, Iran.

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Hidden champions in Russia: using western research methodology to study dynamically developing markets

Olga Vitalievna Saginova, Irina Ivanovna Skorobogatykh and Zhanna Borisovna Musatova

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremjanny lane 36, 117997, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The paper  reports on the results of an international research project which used H. Simon’s methodology to identify Hidden Champions in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, Turkey and Kazakhstan. Research helped to formulate key success factors of these companies in dynamically developing markets including marketing strategies, leadership styles, entreprenieurship approaches and customer value creation patterns. Keeping a low profile on the global and even national scale these small and medium size companies are successful, export-oriented, and profitable even in the times of financial crises.

[Saginova O.V., Skorobogatykh I.I., Musatova Z.B. Hidden champions in Russia: using western research methodology to study dynamically developing markets. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):512-518] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.75

Keywords: hidden champions, Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs), dynamically developing markets, key success factors, leadership style, customer value creation.

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Improvement of the system of personnel evaluation in the circumstances of contemporary Russia

Alexander Ananjev, Tatiana Lustina, Lyubov Morozova, Tatiana Bogacheva

Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Glavnaja, 99, pos. Cherkizovo, 141221, Pushkinskij r-n, Moskovskaja oblast', Russia

Abstract. The article reveals main methodological approaches to formation and implementation of comprehensive system of personnel evaluation at enterprises and organizations; determines the position and importance of the employees' labor performance evaluation in the overall system of management of human resource and of the entire organization; and pays special attention to the main principles and methods of methods of personnel evaluation, arrangement of the procedure of personnel evaluation, development of contemporary forms of personnel motivation to obtaining new knowledge and skills.

[Ananjev A., Lustina T., Morozova L., Bogacheva T. Improvement of the system of personnel evaluation in the circumstances of contemporary Russia Life Sci J 2014; 11 (5):519-522] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.76

Keywords: professional competences, evaluation and rotation of personnel, key indicators of efficiency, self-rating and stress resistance, integrated HR division, objectivity of personal evaluation.

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UNESCO and Kazakhstan: new realities

Akmaral Khaidarovna Arystanbekova^1,2, Rouben Azizian³, Sabina Serikovna Chukayeva^1,4

¹Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan

²Former Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to UNESCO, Kazakhstan

³Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, USA

⁴Kazakhstan National Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Kazakhstan

Abstract. This article explores new realities facing international organizations in the Asia-Pacific region based on the case study of Kazakhstan – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and cooperation. Increased cooperation is ever more important for UNESCO, struggling to address major funding shortfall, and Kazakhstan, yearning to change its status as an international aid recipient to a donor nation. This article is intended for specialists as well as a wider audience - students of international organizations, international cultural cooperation, the Central Asian region, and international and cultural affairs of Republic of Kazakhstan (The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies or the Kazakhstan National Federation of UNESCO Clubs).

[Arystanbekova A.K., Azizian R., Chukayeva S.S. UNESCO and Kazakhstan: new realities. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):523-526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.77

Keywords: UNESCO, Kazakhstan, cultural cooperation

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Civic culture at pedagogical activity in contemporary Russia

Irina Gennadyevna Dolinina

Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Department of Philosophy and Law, Komsomolskaya Avenue, 29, Perm, 614990, Russia

Abstract. Article describes the state of civic culture as a problem of formation of modern Russia, which is the lack of understanding of the necessity of its formation in students the methodology and techniques. Need for civic culture is reflected in the regulations only partially. The article presents the methodological foundations of a civic culture. Preparedness for civic participation, we define as the goal of education for this purpose applied the theory of an ideal type of civic political culture. Scientific and practical work we will arrange for twenty years. It involves high schools and universities, teachers and students. Occupy an important place for the meeting discussions with representatives of the legislative, executive and non-governmental organizations participating. On this issue, we have published five monographs, articles and methodical training. Our ideas help develop management, develop strategic youth policy, some of the laws that we provide to the Legislative Assembly of the Perm Territory and the Federation Council of Russia. However, at this stage, this work has not brought significant results. We hope that our ideas would gradually spread and will contribute to the harmonization of relations between the authorities and the people.

[Dolinina I.G. Civic culture at pedagogical activity in contemporary Russia. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):527-531] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.78

Keywords: civic culture, students, civic participation, citizenship education. institutional experience, individual levels.

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Folkloric narratives in modern youth culture (on verbal creative work of youth communities in Mari El Republic)

Natalya Igorevna Efimova and Tatyana Arkadjevna Zolotova

Mari State University, Lenin Sq., 1, Yoshkar-Ola, 424000, Russia

Abstract. The article focuses on defining types and character of interaction between verbal creative work of youth communities and subcultures with traditional (folk) culture. Different kinds of narratives (fairy-tale, fanfic, baika) made within subcultures are considered to contain some specific ways of the interaction mentioned. An attempt is made to apply the criteria of traditional folklore to subcultural texts.

[Efimova N.I., Zolotova T.A. Folkloric narratives in modern youth culture (on verbal creative work of youth communities in Mari El Republic). Life Sci J 2014;11(5):532-535] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.79

Keywords: subculture, verbal creative work, traditional culture, mythological codes, folkloric patterns, fanficion, baika, meme.

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Modeling the processes of own working capital reproduction in agricultural organizations

Irina Ivanovna Glotova, Elena Petrovna Tomilina, Irina Petrovna Kuzmenko

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, “Stavropol State Agrarian University”, lane Zootechnical, 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of financing the working capital of agricultural organizations, which is urgent for the Russian economy, and which obtained new content as market relations developed and mainly determines the performance efficiency of an organization. The article also classifies the battery of sources of replenishment of the agricultural organizations’ working capital in the form of the group of internal sources determined by own financial policy of an enterprise, the group of external borrowed sources determined by the macroeconomic environment state, and the group of external governmental sources determined by the level of government support of the agricultural industry. Possible scenarios of reproductive policy of the agricultural organizations, causing changes in the structure of assets and sources of their financing, were determined in the article. The article also suggests variants of improvement of the mechanism of governmental support, attraction of borrowed resources in the agricultural sector of the region’s economy.

[Glotova I.I., Tomilina E.P., Kuzmenko I.P. Modeling the processes of own working capital reproduction in agricultural organizations. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):536-541] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.80

Keywords: Working capital, reproductive policy, modeling, agricultural industry, governmental support, borrowed resources, financial state.

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Expert assessment of the most effective use of the land plot

Olga Jurjevna Lepikhina and Anna Petrovna Sannikova

National Mineral Resources University (University of Mines), Saint Petersburg, 21^st str. V.O., 2, 199106, Russia

Abstract. This article considers the Highest and Best Use Analysis of the property in an underdeveloped market by analyzing preference choices using analytic hierarchy process. Ranking alternative uses of a plot as well as complete expert evaluation of main factors’ of most effective use influence are carried out for a vacant land plot. As a result of the research the most desirable alternatives and the most important indicators of the factors have been revealed.

[Lepikhina O.J., Sannikova A.P. Expert assessment of the most effective use of the land plot. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):542-546] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.81

Keywords: plot, analytic hierarchy process, Highest and Best Use, market value, the real estate market, factor.

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Structural-grammatical peculiarities of phraseological units characterizing disease – health in the English, German and Russian languages

Liliya Radikovna Sakaeva, Rina Raefovna Yalalova

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny, Syuyumbike Avenue, 10a, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423812, the Republic of Tatarstan,  Russia

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of substantive, comparative and not comparative verbal phraseological units characterizing disease – health in the English, German and Russian languages. Substantive phraseological units of the models “N+Prep+N”, “Adj+N” are typical of three languages. The most numerous group is “Adj+N”. The following subgroups of the model “Adj+N” are represented in three languages: “an abstract noun+a qualitative adjective”; “a concrete noun+a qualitative adjective”; “an abstract noun+a relative adjective”; “a concrete noun+a relative adjective”. Verbal phraseological units are divided into nominative and nominative-communicative, comparative and not comparative units. The most common types among the comparative verbal phraseological units are “V+like+N”, “V+like+Adj+N”. The article explores such models of not comparative verbal phraseological units with subordination expressing objective and objective–adverbial relations as “V+N”, “V+Prep+N”, “V+N+Prep+N”, “V+Adj”.

[Sakaeva L.R., Yalalova R.R. Structural-grammatical peculiarities of phraseological units characterizing disease – health in the English, German and Russian languages. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):547-550] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.82

Keywords: phraseological units, substantive, verbal, nominative, nominative-communicative, comparative, not comparative.

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Information field

Victor Yakovlevich Tsvetkov

Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation MSTU MIREA,

Vernadsky Prospekt, 78, Moscow, 119454, Russia

Abstract. The theme of the present article concerns the information field. It is stated here that information field may be discrete or continuous. Information field includes two types: natural information field and artificial information field. Information field is the basis of data organization. Information field is the basis of information models building and information modeling. In this article it is described that information field as well as information models have common elements, which are information units. It is stated that information field possesses a plenty of varieties.

[Tsvetkov V.Y. Information field. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):551-554] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.83

Keywords: information, information field, natural information field, artificial information field, information models, information units, knowledge.

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Quality management system’s role in operation of retail trade networks

Julya Sergeevna Valeeva¹, Varvara Yurevna Kulkova^1,2, Natalia Sergeevna Sharafutdinova³

¹Kazan Cooperative Institute, Ershov St. 58, Kazan, 420081, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

²Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific and Research Financial Institute”, Nastasiinsky lane, D. 3, bld.2, Moscow, 103006, Russian Federation

³Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University, Institute of Management and Territorial Development, The Kremlevskaya str 6/20, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. QMS is one of the factors influencing competitiveness of Russian retail companies. Algorithm of complex evaluation is developed to measure retail management efficiency after implementation of the QMS. Approbation of this algorithm was done on factual data on activity of retail companies. Recommendations on how to modify QMS at the companies in question are given. The results of study will allow to improve retail organization and management through changes introduced into processes of managing and managed subsystems.

[Valeeva J.S., Kulkova V.Y., Sharafutdinova N.S. Quality management system’s role in operation of retail trade networks. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):555-558] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84. doi:10.7537/marslsj110514.84

Keywords: QMS, retail, competitiveness

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The linguistic characteristics of Tatar Paroemiae

Guzel Amirovna Nabiullina, Elvira Nikolaevna Denmukhametova and Gulnaz Rinatovna Mugtasimova

Kazan Federal University, remlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract. This scientific article examines the linguistic (lexical and grammatical) characteristics of Tatar paroemiae, which are a prized source for studying linguistic level interrelations. Paroemiae incorporate unique lexical forms, rich grammatical material and types of syntactic constructions, speech patterns, and word combinations, which are not registered in written monuments. This explains the topicality of thorough linguistic research into Tatar paroemiae. The linguistic study of the language of Tatar paroemiae provides valuable material for typological generalizations, which enable us to identify the general and the specific in the structural-semantic organization of paroemiological units, which are manifested in specific lingual constructions.

[Nabiullina G.A., Denmukhametova E.N., Mugtasimova G.R. The linguistic characteristics of Tatar Paroemiae. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):559-562] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.85

Keywords: language of Tatar paroemiae, paroemia, lexicon, borrowings (loanwords), dialect, grammatical characteristics

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Occurrence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in lactating cows and in contact workers in Egypt: serotypes, virulence genes and zoonotic significance

Abdallah Merwad^1*, Rasha Gharieb¹ and Taisir Saber²

¹Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

²Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

^*Corresponding Author:  merwad.abdallah@yahoo.com

Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging food–borne zoonotic pathogens associated with haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. This study investigated the occurrence of STEC serotypes, and prevalence of STEC isolates carrying virulence genes including shiga toxins (stx₁, stx₂); intimin (eaeA) and enterohaemolysin (ehxA) genes in lactating cows and in contact workers. Two hundred and forty samples of milk and cows’ rectal swabs (120, each) and fifty stool swabs from in contact workers were collected from dairy farms at Sharkia Province, Egypt. These swabs were cultured on Eosin methylene blue agar. After biochemical and serological identifications, E. coli isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR. Seven enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains (O1, O2, O55, O86, O114, O119&O124); two enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains (O26 &O111) and two enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were identified. The overall incidence of E. coli (19.1%) in milk showed a significant difference (P <0 .05) than that found in cows’ rectal swabs (63.3%) and in contact workers’ stool swabs (44%). The overall prevalence of milk STEC isolates possessing stx₂ (26.1%) clarified a significant difference (P <0 .05) than that obtained in stx₂ positive isolates (6.6%) from cows’ rectal swabs. Moreover, human STEC isolates carrying stx₂ (22.7%) illustrated no significant difference. Of 23 isolates from milk, 3 (13%) STEC strains possessed stx₁, 6(26.1%) carried stx₂, 2(8.6%) harbored both stx₁ and stx₂ genes, and 4(17.3%) had eaeA or ehxA gene. The prevalence of STEC strains carrying stx₁, stx₂, stx₁+stx₂ and eaeA or ehxA in 76 cattle isolates was 7.8, 6.6, 5.2 and 7.8%, respectively. Out Of 22 isolates from dairy workers, 3(13.6%) STEC strains had stx₁, 5(22.7%) harbored stx₂, 1(4.5%) had both stx₁ and stx₂, 4(18.1%) carried eaeA, and 3(13.6%) possessed ehxA gene. The frequency distribution of virulence genes associated with STEC isolates was more evident in EHEC strains (O26 & O111 serogroups). This study emphasized that lactating cows are asymptomatic carriers of zoonotic STEC strains, and thus dairy workers should follow sound hygienic measures during milking and management of these animals to avoid public health hazards.

Abdallah Merwad, Rasha Gharieb and Taisir Saber. Occurrence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in lactating cows and in contact workers in Egypt: serotypes, virulence genes and zoonotic significance. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):563-571] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.86

Keywords: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Lactating cows, Dairy workers, Virulence markers, Zoonoses.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis on the Bacterial Causes of Mastitis

Ahmed Hegazi¹*, Amr M. Abdou² and Fyrouz Abd Allah³

¹Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

³Department of Parasitology and animal diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

* ahmed@ahmedhegazi.com, andahmedhegazi128@gmail.com

www. ahmedhegazi.com

Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to isolate and identify mastitis causing bacteria from milk samples of mastitic cows and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of propolis in relation to antibiogram profile. A total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 25 dairy cows in two farms. California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and microbiological examination of milk were used to identify and confirm mastitis cases. Major bacterial isolates were Gram positive as Staphylococcus aureus (33.1 %), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (10.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae (2.3%), Streptococcus dysgalactia (3.8%), Corynebacterium bovis (0.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (5.4%), and Gram-negative rods as Escherichia coli (35.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%), Klebsiella  spp. (1.5%), Pasteurella spp. (2.3%) and Proteus spp. (1.5%). The antibiogram profile of different bacterial isolates indicated that norfloxacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin and gentamicin proved to be the most effective antimicrobial agents against mastitis causing bacteria in this study. Propolis exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against ≈41% of the pathogens isolated from mastitis. The most susceptible strains to propolis were Gram-positive bacteria except C. bovis and E. faecalis while the least susceptible strains were Gram-negative bacteria including Pasteurella spp. and some isolates of E. coli.

[Ahmed Hegazi, Amr M. Abdou and Fyrouz Abd Allah. Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis on the Bacterial Causes of Mastitis. Life Sci J 2014;11(5):572-576]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87. doi::10.7537/marslsj110514.87

Key words: Mastitis Pathogens; Antimicrobial, Antibiogram; Propolis

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