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A study on awareness and attitudes of Married men on vasectomy in Dehdasht/IRAN

Authors: Naimi, E.¹, Nooryan KH.², Karimi A.A.³

^1.M S in Medical and Health services Management, Yasuj university of Medical sciences

^2.Member of Faculty Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

^3.Member of Faculty Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Correspond: Kheirollah Nooryan, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: Family planning is considered as an important and of priority program in curbing the accelerating growth of population at provincial and national levels. Men are able to play an effective role in family planning programmes. Therefore in this research the awareness and attitudes of married men on vasectomy was assessed and studied in the city of Dehdasht. Materials and Methods: The present research is a descriptive analytical study which was carried out in 1382. The tools and method of collecting data was questionnaires and interviews. By referring to 400 married men who were selected randomly the questionnaires were completed and the data were analyzed using SPSS software and inference descriptive Statistical methods. Findings: Based on the findings in this research the average age of participants was 38/54 +_ 9/23 years. 3/1 percent of the participants had high school and university education, and 46.3% were Government employees. In view of aware ness on vasectomy 33.3% were weak. 23% were moderate, and 41.8%were well informed. In view of the attitudes of research units to vasectomy 44%were weak, 34.8% were moderate and 21.2% had good attitudes to vasectomy. The level of awareness in research units showed a significant correlation with level of education age number of children and employment, and the attitudes levels of the units under research had a significant correlation with third level of education age and job. Conclusions: based on the findings of this research it is recommended to upgrade and promote the awareness and attitudes of people in the field of vasectomy by revising educational planning and media program.

[Authors: Naimi, E., Nooryan KH., Karimi A.A. A study on awareness and attitudes of Married men on vasectomy in Dehdasht/IRAN. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):1-5]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.01

Keywords: Awareness. Attitude - vasectomy- Married Men.

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Production of polyclonal antibodies for establishment of antigen detection test against brucella melitensis

^1*Bashir Ahmad, ¹Maria Qamar, ²M. Bilal, ³Shumaila Bashir, ¹,⁴Javid Ali, ¹Ibrar Khan, ⁵Javed Khan

¹Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

²Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

³Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

⁴Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Peshawar, KPK- Pakistan

⁵Technical Director, (BEP) Relief International, UK

.

Abstract: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. The pathogenic strains of Brucella are primarily passed among animals and they cause disease in many different vertebrates. The study was designed to develop a serological, antigen detection test for Brucella Melitensis. For the purpose polyclonal antibodies against Brucella Melitensis raised in rabbits. The prime as well as booster doses of commercially available antigen of Brucella Melitensis was injected in rabbits at day 0 and days 14, 21 & 42, respectively. The hyper immune sera produced in rabbits were collected at day 56. The collected serum was checked for isotype of antibodies through IgG and IgM specific Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay Technique. The serum titrated (Tube Agglutination Test) for titer of antibodies raised per ml using locally available commercial antigens. The titrated serum (having antibodies titer of 3200 agglutinating units of antibodies per ml of serum) was used for diagnosis of clinical samples through slide agglutination test. Different samples including serum, vaginal and milk were collected from Brucella positive patients admitted in different hospitals of the city. These samples were checked for presence of antigen through our raised sera. The sera successfully detected antigen in all three types of samples. The positive as well as negative samples were further confirmed through Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results indicated the test developed for antigen detection is although less sensitive than PCR but specific, confirmatory and cost effective than other slide and tube agglutination tests for the detection of antibodies available in the market.

[ Bashir Ahmad, Maria Qamar, M. Bilal, Shumaila Bashir, Javid Ali, Ibrar Khan, Javed Khan. Production of polyclonal antibodies for establishment of antigen detection test against brucella melitensis. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):6-11]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.02

Key Words: Brucellosis, Brucella Melitensis, Tube agglutination test, Eliza, PCR, IgG, IgM.

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Enhanced Authentication Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6

Kanwal Imran, Saeed Mahfooz, Azhar Rauf, Shah Khusro

Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.

kanwalim@upesh.edu.pk

Abstract: Mobility management protocols play a vital role during mobile node transmission. That’s why IETF NETLMM working group has recently presented a new approach, i-e, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) which is a network-based mobility management protocol. But, PMIPv6 still suffers from the long authentication latency during the handover process. In order to improve the performance of Proxy Mobile IPv6, HyunGon Kim and Jong-Hyouk Lee, propose a Diffie-Hellman key based authentication scheme that exchange Diffie-Hellman variables with mobile node’s profile for secure ongoing sessions. The above scheme improved handover latency by reusing session keys. But, this proposed protocol is required more computation time for generation of these session keys which affect the handover latency. To overcome this deficiency, we proposed another authentication scheme which use elliptic curve diffie-hellman key based algorithm for generation of shared secret session keys in Proxy Mobile IPv6. The propose authentication scheme needs Shorter Key Length, having Lesser Computational Complexity, required Low Power Requirement , More Secure and achieve minimum handover latency. The simulation results show remarkable improvements over PMIPv6, Predictive FPMIPv6, and DH-FPMIPv6 in terms of handover latency.

[Kanwal Imran, Saeed Mahfooz, Azhar Rauf, Shah Khusro. Enhanced Authentication Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):12-18]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.03

Keywords: Proxy Mobile IPv6, Handover Latency, Authentication, Security

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Prevalence of Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) Infestation and Associated Factors Among Primary Schoolchildren in Bayengan City, West of Iran

Sayyadi M¹, Vahabi A^*2, Sayyad S³, Haji Sahne Sh⁴

¹Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

²Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

³Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

⁴Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran.

* Corresponding Author : vahabiahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: Head louse infestation is a worldwide public health problem that affects some people mostly school age children. This survey was a descriptive, analytical study that carried out to evaluate and determine the prevalence rate of pediculosis capitis and some associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Bayengan city, Kermanshah Province, Iran. 384 students in 4 schools (164 boys and 220 girls) were selected. For data collection, Random Cluster Sampling Method was used and from each cluster 96 persons were selected. The results and demographic data, was recorded in a questionnaire and then analyzed by SPSS ver. 16. The results of the study showed that 54 students (14.1%) were infested. 8.5% of the boys and 18.2% of the girls were infested to head lice. The most prevalent rate was observed in grade five and the lowest prevalence rate was observed in grade I. There were significant statistical differences between pediculosis capitis and some factors such as sex, level of mother’s education and father’s job (p<0.05). The prevalence rate of head louse infestation in this study was high. The educational system should clarify all of parents from all families to play a more effective role to eliminate head louse infestation among schoolchildren.

[Sayyadi M, Vahabi A, Sayyad S, Haji Sahne Sh. Prevalence of Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) Infestation and Associated Factors Among Primary Schoolchildren in Bayengan City, West of Iran. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):19-22]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.04

Key words: pediculosis, prevalence, head louse infestation, capitis, Iran

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The Prevalence Rate of Human Brucellosis in Sanandaj County, West of Iran

Sayyad S¹, Malak mohammadi M², Miri B², Gharib A³, Sayyadi M⁴ and Vahabi A^5*

¹Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

²Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Health Center of Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Iran

³Deputy of research and technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

⁴Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

^*5Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

* Corresponding Author: vahabiahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: Brucellosis is one of the most important diseases in some parts of Iran including Kurdistan province. The disease can be transmitted by indirect or direct contact to infected animals or their products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of human brucellosis in Sanandaj County. The data were collected from April 2008 to March 2009 from patient records that were collected by Health Center of Sanandaj. Totally, 48 cases of brucellosis from rural and urban areas were recognized. The most prevalent rate was reported in patients aged >50 years old (13=27.1%), followed by age group of 20-29 years old (25%). The lowest prevalent rate was recorded in patients aged 30-39 years (7=14.6%). Educational health programs related to this problem in this region can be decrease the number of the cases of brucellosis. Using Pasteurized dairy products to decrease the incidence of brucellosis is suggested.

[Sayyad S, Malak mohammadi M, Miri B, Gharib A, Sayyadi M and Vahabi A. The Prevalence Rate of Human Brucellosis in Sanandaj County, West of Iran. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):23-25]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.05

Keywords: Brucellosis, Prevalence, Epidemiology, Iran

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Pediculosis Capitis

Sayyadi M¹, Sayyad S², and Vahabi A^3*

¹Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Ghods Hospital, Paveh, Iran

²Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran

^*3Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

^*Corresponding Author: vahabiahmad@gmail.com

Abstract: human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, or pediculosis capitis, is a common health problem in the world. Pediculosis capitis is the most prevalent parasitic infection of children in many countries. This problem remains confined to the scalp. Scalp itching is a common symptom in the infested people to head lice, although infested patients to pediculosis can be asymptomatic. Any pruritus scalp in children should be examined by physician or entomologists. All of the children that have close contacts should be examined. The people should be treatment when lice or ova observed. There are three fundamental methods that are effective to treatment of pediculosis; topical pediculicides, wet combing and oral therapy. The used pediculicides should be had the lowest hazards and they must be safe to human. We don’t recommended spraying or fogging of home with pediculicides. [Sayyadi M, Sayyad S, and Vahabi A. Pediculosis Capitis. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):26-30]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.06

Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, head lice, infestation, arthropods, Iran

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To the question of using the ideas of national pedagogics in the system of activity of professional development institutes of comprehensive school teachers

Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Kopzhasar Mustafaevich Zhetybaev, Gulnara Eletaevna Utyupava, Pakizat Minavarovna Adieva, Gulbakhyt Akzholovna Kaynarbekova

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan.

bimaganbetova-alina@mail.ru

Abstract: This article deals with the development of scientific-theoretical basis of IPD (institute of professional development) activity as scientific-methodical centers on studying, generalization, and use of the ideas of national pedagogics in modern schools work and realization of ethno-pedagogical preparation of teachers. The authors aimed to show that if the IPD activity on studying, generalization, and use of the ideas of national pedagogics were organized from the position of system-holistic approach, taking into account the ethno-cultural and ethno-pedagogical orientation, so functioning of this system would be implemented in unity with arranged-pedagogical, scientific-methodical, ethno-cultural components that allowed to provide efficiency of IPD activity as scientific-methodical center on studying, generalization, and use of the ideas of national pedagogics, and the growth of ethno-pedagogical preparation of teachers.

[Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Kopzhasar Mustafaevich Zhetybaev, Gulnara Eletaevna Utyupava, Pakizat Minavarovna Adieva, Gulbakhyt Akzholovna Kaynarbekova. To the question of using the ideas of national pedagogics in the system of activity of professional development institutes of comprehensive school teachers. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):31-39]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.07

Key words: national pedagogics, ethno-etiquette, ethno-culture, education, upbringing.

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A Comparative Study between the Different Sectors Using the ERP Software in Jeddah Region- KSA

Dr. Musrrat Parveen¹ & Dr. Khalid Maimani²

¹Faculty of Economics & Administration, Department of Human Resource Management King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Official Email: mpmohammed@kau.edu.sa,

Correspondence Email: dr.musrratparveen@yahoo.com

²Faculty of Economics & Administration, Department of Human Resource Management King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to provide a comparative study between the three giants of the ERP software, SAP, Oracle and Microsoft in the three different sectors. The results of this research has revealed that SAP and Oracle are now more and more viable for small and medium-sized enterprises while Microsoft Dynamics is now more viable for the average company to large size. The data have been collected by conducting interviews of human resources manager, senior manager, Sr. Executive, HR Specialist and Sr. HR Implementation specialist of various private companies such as BPO, call center, medical, manufacturing, the computer industry, telecommunications, the financial sector, the construction, oil and gas industry, water diffusion from the industry, the chemical industry, pharmaceutical, banking, beauty products co., public buildings and airport division and Airlines sector. The main conclusion and the overall data show that Oracle is selected more often than SAP or Microsoft Dynamics to meet various needs, priorities and competitive advantages for finding the right fit.

[Musrrat Parveen, Khalid Maimani. A Comparative Study between the Different Sectors Using the ERP Software in Jeddah Region- KSA. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):40-45]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.08

Keywords: Database, ERP, SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Implementation, Specialist

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Influence of Garlic Extract On Enzymatic and Non Enzymatic Antioxidants in Soybean Plants (Glycine Max) Grown under Drought Stress

Heba Ibrahim Mohamed* and Samia Ageeb Akladious

Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University

El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, Egypt (ARE) Post code: 1575

hebaibrahim79@yahoo.com

Abstract: Drought is an important environmental constraint limiting the productivity of many crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of natural extract (garlic extract) on drought stress in two cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) plants. Drought stress caused significant decrease in growth parameters (shoot and root length, area of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots) and photosynthetic pigments (chl a, chl b, carotenoids and total pigments). On the other hand, drought stress caused significant increase in non enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, tocopherol and reduced glutathione), enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and ascrobate peroxidase), oxidative damage (H₂O₂ content and lipid peroxidation) and osmolytes compounds (proline, total soluble sugars and total phenols) in shoots of the two cultivars of soybean plants (Giza 22 and 111). Moreover, foliar spray with two concentrations of garlic extract (400 and 600 ppm) enhanced all the above parameters that of the control plants and drought stressed plants. Electrophoretic studies of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isoenzymes showed wide variations in their intensities and densities among all treatments. It seems that garlic extract was able to enhance the tolerance of the studied plant to drought stress.

[Mohamed HI, Akladious SA. Influence of Garlic Extract On Enzymatic and Non Enzymatic Antioxidants in Soybean Plants (Glycine Max) Grown under Drought Stress. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):46-58]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.09

Keywords: drought stress, soybean, garlic extract, non enzymatic antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, osmolytes compounds.

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Hybrid Regulator System for Satellite Directing Enactment and Energy longevity

Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering

King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

drimehedi@gmail.com

Abstract: Uniting the conventional attitude and energy regulator system is a viable solution for small satellites to advance the space works. In this hybrid attitude and energy regulator system (HAERS) a dual rotating reaction-wheel in the pitch axis is applied to replace the traditional battery for energy packing as well as to regulate the attitude of an earth orbiting satellite. Every reaction-wheel is to be regulated in the twisting mode. The hybrid attitude and energy contributions for the reaction-wheels’ regulator design are also in the twisting mode. All related scientific representations accompanied by the significant transfer functions are shown in this research note. The essential mathematical calculations are performed using Matlab^TM for studying the system performances. The goals of this work are to determine the HAERS attitude performance in the twisting mode regarding the ideal and non-ideal assessment circumstances for preferred reference missions. Simulation results are presented here for different size of small satellite such as Nano-satellite, Micro-satellite and Extended Micro-satellite.

[Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi. Hybrid Regulator System for Satellite Directing Enactment and Energy longevity.. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):59-67]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.10

Keywords: Small satellite; energy regulator; attitude regulator

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Transformation of strategic management paradigm in modern terms

Raushan Olzhabayeva¹, Tamara Satkaliyeva²

¹PhD candidate, Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, The Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

²Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, The Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

kairat_phd@mail.ru

Abstract: The main stages of the development of systems of intercompany management are considered. Сurrent determinants of formation of new paradigm of strategic management are reviewed. The background of its adapted application in economic conditions of Kazakhstan are substantiated.

[Olzhabayeva R., Satkaliyeva T. Transformation of strategic management paradigm in modern terms. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):68-71]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.11

Keywords: system, strategic management, paradigm, transformation, determinants.

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Legitimate defense leading into death in England law, Iran and Imamie (or Islamic) jurisprudence

Hossein Eslami

Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

eeehhh22@yahoo.com

Abstract: The rules of Iran law about legitimate defense leading into death in various aspects in terms of nature and providing dimension has some problems as in some files, the verdicts are sometimes contradictory. Concluding all differences in verdicts as overemphasizing them in terms of the relation with the human beings self, such conditions of defense leading into death , guides us to Imamie jurisprudence as the basis of Iran law and its comparison with a foreign law to develop the view horizon that in this case, we can take a step toward justice. The current study is titled as “The basics and conditions of legitimate defense leading into death in Iran law, Imamie jurisprudence and England law”. Due to its comparative nature and using Imamie jurisprudence and the underlying law of England, it shows the deficiencies and requirements of Iran law and some recommendations are proposed to improve the quality of the rules. It can remove some problems in this regard. The multiple verdicts in Iran law system in legitimate defense leading into death, from the accused release to capital punishment order is a challenging issue that can not be ignored.

[Hossein Eslami. Legitimate defense leading into death in England law, Iran and Imamie (or Islamic) jurisprudence. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):72-82]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.12

Keywords: Legitimate defense; Iran; England; Imamie; Assassination; Aggresion; Rights; Judgment

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Comparative Study between Teicoplanin and Vancomycin in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infectious of Toxicological Intensive Care Unit (TICU) Patients- Tehran- Iran

Mehran Kouchek¹, Raana Asghari², Arezou Mahdavinejad², Alireza Salimi³, Behjat Barari², Parmis Seyedrazi², Haleh Talaie², Sepideh Kamalbeik²*

¹Department of anesthesiology and critical care, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

²Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of anesthesiology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: S.kamalbeik@gmail.com

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a leading cause of invasive infections is one of the most important causes of nosocomial pneumonia with high morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are used in clinical practice with bactericidal activity by interfering cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Our objective is to compare efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin in MRSA infections among poisoned patients of toxicological ICU of Loghman Hakim hospital. Material and Method: Safety and efficacy of vancomycin versus teicoplanin has been assessed in 104 patients consisted of 54 patients treated by teicoplanin and 50 patients treated by vancomycin. Blood, urine and tracheal samples were cultured. Chest X-ray and routine Para clinical studies have been done in all cases. The study populations were assessed during 3 visits and one month follow up. Patients with fever and positive tracheal cultures (TC) ± abnormal WBC at the end of treatment, have been reported as failure of treatment. Results: seventy eight (75%) out of the 104 eligible patients, were male. The mean age± SD of patients was 36.1±16.8 and 39±13.4 in teicoplanin and vancomycin groups, respectively. Most common drug toxicities were opium, TCA (tricyclic antidepressant), methadone. Mortality rate in teicoplanin group was 16.6%but in vancomycin was 22%. Treatment failure in vancomycin group was 10% and in teicoplanin group was 8.5%and all of them with positive TC were polymicrobial, too. Nephrotoxicity and bicytopenia, as the adverse effects had significant differences between two groups. (P value< 0.05). Conclusion: Teicoplanin should be considered as an effective alternative to vancomycin in Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections treatment. Adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and bicytopenia significantly were decreased in teicoplanin therapy.

[Mehran Kouchek, Raana Asghari, Arezou Mahdavinejad, Alireza Salimi, Behjat Barari, Parmis Seyedrazi, Haleh Talaie, Sepideh Kamalbeik. Comparative Study between Teicoplanin and Vancomycin in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infectious of Toxicological Intensive Care Unit (TICU) Patients- Tehran Iran. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):83-90]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.13

Key words: Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Toxicological ICU.

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Time Dependent Changes in Circulating Biomarkers during Diabetic Pregnancies: a Perspective Case Study

Mahmood Rasool^1,*Arif Malik², Khalid Mahmud Khan³, Saba Iqbal⁴, Mahmood Husain Qazi⁵, Muhammad Imran Naseer¹, Muhammad Asif⁶

^1-Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^2-Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Pakistan

^3-Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore, Pakistan

^4-Department of Physiology, The University and College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan

^5-Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRIMM), the University of Lahore, Pakistan

^6- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.

Abstract: The aim of study was to estimate the changes of circulatory biomarkers in normal pregnancy and diabetic pregnancy in each trimester. The results showed imbalance between ROS and antioxidants. Increase oxidative stress throughout the pregnancy and compared that stress level with known diabetic pregnant group. In normal pregnancy the MDA (1.82 ±0.16µmol/ml) levels were high but the level are much higher in diabetic pregnant (4.48 ±0.32µmol/ml) group in 3^rd trimester. Similarly the levels of sialic acid and neuraminidase are higher in diabetic pregnant group than normal pregnant group. As well as total cholesterol, HDL and TG are increased in diabetic pregnancy as compare to normal pregnancy. GSH, SOD and catalase (antioxidant stress markers) increased during pregnant group as compare to diabetic pregnant group. So all the these results showed that ROS production increased in pregnancy and antioxidative stress enzymes balance was disturbed towards destruction even more in diabetic pregnancy.

[Mahmood Rasool Arif Malik, Khalid Mahmud Khan, Saba Iqbal, Mahmood Husain Qazi, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Muhammad Asif. Time Dependent Changes in Circulating Biomarkers during Diabetic Pregnancies: a Perspective Case Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):91-96]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.14

Key words: ROS, MDA, GSH, SOD, TG, HDL, oxidative stress, Sialic acid, Neuraminidase.

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Special Features, Singularity And Particulars Of The Kazakhstani Journalism In The Period Of Independence

Sadykov S.

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan.

bimaganbetova-alina@mail.ru, science@iktu.kz.

Abstract: Declaration about creation of the new independent state – the Republic of Kazakhstan – made problems of formation of a new journalism of the country actual. Scales of transformations which were carried out by the society were the political, economic and social base on which in the development mass media of Kazakhstan began to rely. Change of ideology and emergence of new social reference points, and also change of a paradigm of the society development gave to activity of mass media the special importance. They started playing more noticeable role in all spheres of life of the society and state. As a whole only in the period of independence of Kazakhstan development the free and democratical press of the country had an opportunity of full and comprehensive illumination of a problem of national identification of the Kazakh people.

[Sadykov S. Special Features, Singularity And Particulars Of The Kazakhstani Journalism In The Period Of Independence. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):97-103]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.15

Key words: independence, journalism, national consciousness, national identification, Kazakh language press.

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Delay-based Reliability Analysis on Construction Projects

Shahryar Sorooshian

Faculty of Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Malaysia

sorooshian@gmail.com

Abstract: The construction industry has a crucial role in the overall development of any economy; however it has its own drawbacks and difficulties that should be well studied in order to improve the efficiency of this industry. Delays, which are an inseparable part of any project, are an important issue in construction projects that are responsible for huge losses in capital investments and slow-moving progress of this industry. This study tries to investigate delay-based reliability of building construction projects. In order to achieve this goal the related literature is studied and the most common problems in this filed are found. Then, the questionnaire based on the literature and expert’s recommendation is designed to analyze operations risk and industry reliability based on the delay sources. A multi-expert approach group decision making analysis of this research ranks the dominance of controllable factor on the project delays. Finally, based on risk value of delay factors, this research verifies the industry reliability.

[Sorooshian S. Delay-based Reliability Analysis on Construction Projects. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):104-113]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.16

Keywords: Delay factors, Risk assessment value (RAV), Risk priority number (RPN), Construction industry

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Impact of Acetic Acid on controlling Tomato Fruit Decay

Alawlaqi, M. M. and Alharbi Asmaa A.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Treatments of tomato fruits with different concentrations of glacial acetic acid wither liquid or as vapour significantly reduced the growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in both (in vitro and in vivo). Also, submersed tomato fruits in different concentrations of acetic acid solution significantly reduced the severity of infection caused by A. alternata and B. cinerea. Infection increased in tomato fruits with increasing time of storage and decreased gradually with increasing acid concentration. A. alternata was more sensitive to acetic acid treatment than B. cinerea.Fumigation of infected tomato fruits with 40 ul/l acetic acid vapour showed greatly inhibition in fruit rots stored up to 16 days. The present data indicated that natural infection along the time of experiment was prevented completely by dipping or fumigating healthy non inoculated fruits by any concentration of acetic acid used.

[Alawlaqi, M. M. and Alharbi Asmaa A. Impact of Acetic Acid on controlling Tomato Fruit Decay. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):114-119]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.17

Key words: Tomato, Alternaria, Botrytis, Acetic acid, Fumigation

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Influence of Polishing Procedures on Properties of Nano-Composite Resins

Mohammad Almohaimeed¹ and Sahar Abd El Halim²

¹Assistant Professor, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department,

College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

² Associate Professor, Conservative Dentistry Department, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different techniques of polishing on the surface roughness and surface micro-hardness of two types of composites. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty samples were prepared in disc-shaped stainless steel molds with a uniform size of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. The samples were divided according to the materials used into two groups for each material (Clearfil Majesty ES2 and Micro-hybrid composite Amelogen plus [A2]). Each group was subdivided into subgroups according to polishing instruments: Group I(control group) (Mylar strip) with no finishing or polishing; Group II, polishing with Sof-lex Pop-on discs; and Group III, polishing with rubber-polishing cups–Flexicups. In addition, each subgroup was again divided into two groups according to measurements of surface roughness and microhardness (n=10 in each). Restorative materials were handled according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The molds were placed on flat glass plates covered with Mylar strips and then were filled with restorative materials. The samples were photo-activated for 40 sec, transparent matrices were removed immediately after light-polymerization, and the specimens surfaces for groups II and III were finished with ultrafine diamond finishing burs. After finishing, the group II specimens were polished using –Sof-Lex aluminum-oxide discs, and in group III, the specimens were polished using Flexicups rubber-polishing cups with polishing paste, strictly following the manufacturer's instructions. All of the groups were stored in saline for 24 hr. All of the specimens were equally subdivided for the surface roughness and microhardness tests. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The Mylar strip (control) group exhibited significantly lower roughness and microhardness values than the polishing systems (p<0.05). Flexicups showed significantly higher roughness values than the Sof-Lex system (p<0.05). Clearfil Majesty ES-2 exhibited statistically significantly higher microhardness values compared to Amelogen Plus. Conclusions: The control group had the lowest surface roughness and microhardness values compared to the polishing groups. Rubber-polishing cups had higher surface roughness than Soflex discs.

[Mohammad Almohaimeed and Sahar Abd El Halim. Influence of Polishing Procedures on Properties of Nano-Composite Resins. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):120-124]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.18

Key words: surface micro-hardness, Clearfil Majesty, Micro-hybrid composite Amelogen plus

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Investigating the impact of global financial crisis on the commonwealth (Selected Countries of the Middle East including Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Syria)

¹Morteza Cheshti, ²Dr Mahdi Khoda Parast Mashhadi

¹Master of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran

mch166@yahoo.com

²Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Iran

Abstract: This paper is aimed at studying the impact of global financial crisis, or the lack thereof, on public welfare in the selected countries. The main result of this paper determines whether there is a significant relation between global financial crisis and public welfare by using inflation, employment, and human development variables. This research is applied based on the objective and among the descriptive-survey studies in terms of data collection. The library data is considered as the data collection tool for testing the hypotheses in this research. The statistical population in this study covers the selected countries of the Middle East including Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, and Syria because they have available data for research period. The studied period includes 1997- 2011. The database of World Bank is applied for the inflation and employment rates, and UNDP database for the human development. Furthermore, the values of financial crisis are calculated through the computational method. The Panel Data, applied with choosing the fixed effects, is utilized in order to test the hypotheses. According to the main result of this research, only the employment variable has the significant correlation with the global financial crisis and this significant correlation only covers 4/6 required variables in the field of global financial crisis. Furthermore, the impact factor of this correlation indicates that with one unit increase in the employment, the financial crisis is enhanced 0.011907 units in the selected countries, and this correlation naturally has a negative impact.

[Morteza Cheshti, Mahdi Khoda Parast Mashhadi. Investigating the impact of global financial crisis on the commonwealth (Selected Countries of the Middle East including Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Syria). Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):125-130]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.19

Keywords: Financial crisis, Commonwealth, Panel data

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Formation Of Competence Of Future Specialists Cultrologists And Turcologists On The Condition Of Pedagogical Education In Kazakhstan

Atemova Halipa Tursunovna, Baysalov Zhomart Usubakunovich, Takibayev Meyirman Abdukalievich, Mendiculova Zhazira Altynbekovna, Kuralbayeva Aliya Ahmetkarimovna

H.A. Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University. B. Sattarhanov Avenue 29, 161200 Turkistan, the main campus, Kazakhstan. E-mail: kural-aliya84@mail.ru

Abstract: In the modern world community Kazakhstan acts as the equal participant of planetary dialogue of civilizations, the carrier of high and original spiritual culture. Education is considered around the world as the process accompanying the person throughout all life and providing to everyone realization in professional, personal and socio-cultural and the spheres. The article devoted to the problems of history and culture of the East. The mankind at the beginning of the XXI century as though a new reinterprets the world in its integrity and interrelation. Strengthening of integration processes in the modern world puts forward problems of preparation of youth to life in the conditions of the new civilization which is based on priorities of values of human morals and culture. Considered all questions identify the particular cultural and historical past of a number of Eastern countries, give an idea about the specifics of the development of Eastern civilization.

[Atemova h.T., Baysalov Zh.U., Takibayev M.A., Mendiculova Zh.A., Kuralbayeva A.A. Formation Of Ccompetence Of Future Specialists Cultrologists And Turcologists On The Condition Of Pedagogical Education In Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):131-135]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.20

Keywords: methodical competence, curriculum, pedagogical conditions, socio-cultural.

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Providing Optimal Percentage Reduction in coverage for Mobile Sensor Networks

Muhammad Amir Khan ¹, Halabi Hasbullah ¹, Babar Nazir ²

^1. Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia

^2. Computer Science Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Pakistan

Email: amirkhancomsats@gmail.com

Abstract: In recent times possess viewed a developing desire for the actual apps connected with wireless sensor communities (WSNs). In some of these apps, for instance lookup and also relief and also battlefield reconnaissance, a few cell nodes will be implemented so as to in concert survey an area of interest and/or conduct specific monitoring jobs. Like venture one of the detectors demands internode discussion thereby sustaining network on the web connectivity is important to the potency of WSNs. Though on the web connectivity could be provisioned with medical period then continual by way of watchful coordination when nodes go, extreme failing of your node postures an issue because network could get partitioned. Numerous strategies that will practice node moving to restore on the web connectivity possess been recently proposed. Even so, these types of strategies tend to disregard the feasible lack of insurance policy coverage in most areas, both a result of the failing alone and a result of the connectivity-limited concentrate on the recuperation. This paper floods that hole simply by addressing the actual on the web connectivity and also insurance policy coverage worries within the included manner. A new node repositioning Method along with a smaller amount percentage decrease in insurance policy coverage Intended for Mobile Sensor Sites protocol will be shown. Just about every next door neighbor quickly relocates to replacement the actual failed node, one at a time, then returns time for its authentic location. The simulation outcomes confirm the potency of the actual protocol.

[Muhammad Amir Khan, Halabi Hasbullah, Babar Nazir. Providing Optimal Percentage Reduction in coverage for Mobile Sensor Networks. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):136-142]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.21

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; node relocation, node replacement; failure recovery; mobile sensors; network connectivity

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Innovative techniques in production of fodder protein in adaptive crop science of west Kazakhstan

Beybit Nasiyevich Nasiyev

West Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir khan

Republic of Kazakhstan, 090000, Uralsk, Zhangir khan Street, 51

Abstract. As in old times today the formation of a reliable, well-balanced fodder base add the reduction of fodder nutritive value during the gathering is to the great extend determined by the proper organization of fodder production and conservation. The creation of high-value fodder base for the development of breeding depends both on the proper selection of crops and their biological peculiarities. Thus in the investigations we studied the biological peculiarities of growth and development, capacity formation of different crops of pure and mixed sowing. As the result of these investigations we have obtained the data? Which allow us to estimate the capacity of feed crops of pure and mixed sowing in soil and climatic conditions of West-Kazakhstan region for using in innovative techniques of production of fodder protein?

[Nasiyev B. N. Innovative techniques in production of fodder protein in adaptive crop science of west Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):150-153] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.22

Keywords: fodder protein, capacity, agrophytocenosis, metabolic energy, yield, adaptive agriculture.

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The effect of microelements in the ration of Lohmann Brown cross breed layers at the Shcherbaty poultry farm at the Pavlodar province

Toikina G. N., Koshekenov N. B., Khussaiynova N. T., Bilyalov E. E., Akhmetzhanov O., Ahmetzhanova A. E., Zhailaubaeva A. R., Bekturova N. Z., Kozhebaev B. Z.

State University named after Shakarim Semey city, Republic of Kazakhstan, 071412 Semey, st. Glinka, 20А

Abstract. It is revealed that the calcium level in the ration has grown up to 2.9-3.1% of the feed ceolites versus the standard ration favoring the number and quality of incubation eggs without damage to the chicken organism promoting the laying productivity, the meat quality and egg shell and covering the full calcium requirement.

[Toikina G. N., Koshekenov N. B., Khussaiynova N. T., Bilyalov E. E., Akhmetzhanov O., Ahmetzhanova A. E., Zhailaubaeva A. R., Bekturova N. Z., Kozhebaev B. Z. The effect of microelements in the ration of Lohmann Brown cross breed layers at the Shcherbaty poultry farm at the Pavlodar province. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):154-156] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.23

Keywords: Lohmann Brown cross breed layers; feed formula with activated mineral additive containing ceolite.

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The determination of diagnostic characters of Aerva Lana (L.) JUSS.

Tursubekova Bayan Izteleuovna ¹, Mamykova Rose Ubaydullaevna ², Kozhanova Kaldanay Karzhauovna³

¹South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, 160019, Shymkent, pl. Al-Farabi, Building 1

²Kazakhstan Engineering and Pedagogical University of Peoples' Friendship, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, 160019, Shymkent, Dzhangeldin 13a

³Kazakh National Medical University named after SD Asfendiyarov, Street, Almaty. Tolebi 88, postal code 050000

Abstract. In this article, there are the findings of scientific research on diagnostic characters belonging to the vegetative organs of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. aimed at ascertaining the identity and authenticity of raw material. The authors found the following diagnostic characters: leaf indumentum made of conic polygonal hairs; dorsoventral mesophyll with two rows of narrow long palisade cells; the midrib projecting on the underside of leaf with angular collenchyme sections on both sides. Besides, the authors found large groups of pericyclic fibers, resin ducts in the radial rays of phloem and medulla siding with perimedular zone. There are gydrocytic cells in medulla.

[Tursubekova B.I., Mamykova R.U., Kozhanova K.K. The determination of diagnostic characters of Aerva Lana (L.) JUSS. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):157-159] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.24

Keywords: anatomy, diagnostics, epidermis, mesophyll, stomata, raw material, microscopy, leafs, plants, flora 

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Real Exchange Rate and Foreign Exchange Reserves: A Mercantilist View

Muhammad Tariq¹, Zahoor Ul Haq², Shahid Jan³, Muhammad Jehangir⁴, Muhammad Aamir ⁵

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

² Chairman Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

³Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

⁵Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

tariq_noor@awkum.edu.pk

Abstract: Previous studies assessed the determinants and optimality of foreign exchange reserves holdings for Pakistan in the setting of a buffer stock model. This paper extends the analysis to the interaction between the real exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves in the context of the mercantilist approach over the sample 1973-2008. Our findings show that reserves holdings in Pakistan is the by-product of the export led growth strategies of through real exchange rate depreciation. Also the floating regime switches policies of the State Bank of Pakistan boosted up the foreign exchange reserves holdings. These results are well in line with the empirical findings of many studies on other Asian countries.

[Tariq M , Haq ZU, Kakakhel SJ, Jehangir M. Real Exchange Rate and Foreign Exchange Reserves: A Mercantilist View. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):160-174] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.25

Keywords: Mercantilist approach, real exchange rate depreciation, Buffer Stock Model, Hodrick Prescott filter method

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Effects of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Commitment and Turnover Intention (Empirical Study of Private Sector Schools’ Teachers)

Nazim Ali ¹, Shahid Ali², Anjum Ahsan ³, Wali Rahman ¹, Shahid Jan kakakhel ⁴

^1. Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, Pakistan

^2. Department of Education, Abasyn University, Pakistan

³ Department of Management Sciences, Cecose University, Pakistan

⁴ Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali khan University, Pakistan

nazimali100@yahoo.com

Abstract: The basic aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles on job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, employees’ perceived performance and turnover intentions amongst the private sector schools’ teachers of District Charsadda of khyber pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Data were collected from three hundred and fifty six (356) teachers through time tested questionnaire. All variables were measured through adapted items except transformational and transactional leadership which were measured through developed items. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Transformational Leadership showed a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employees’ perceived performance and organizational citizenship behavior while it showed a statistically significant negative correlation with employees’ turnover intention. Similarly, Transactional Leadership showed a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employees’ perceived performance and organizational citizenship behavior while it showed a statistically significant negative correlation with employees’ turnover intention. Regression also showed that transformational and transactional leadership styles had significant impact on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employees’ perceived performance and organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions of teachers.

[Nazim Ali, Shahid Ali, Anjum Ahsan, Wali Rahman, Shahid Jan kakakhel. Effects of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Commitment and Turnover Intention(Empirical Study of Private Sector Schools’ Teachers). Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):175-183]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.26

Key words: Leadership Styles; Job Satisfaction; Organizational Citizenship Behavior; Commitment; Turnover Intention; Private Teachers

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Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceived Employees’ Performance (An Empirical Evidence)

Nazim Ali ¹, Wali Rahman ¹, Fayaz Ali Shah ²

¹ Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, Pakistan

² PhD Scholar, Department of Management, Universiti Teknology Malaysia

nazimali100@yahoo.com

Abstract: The basic aim of this study is to examine the relationship between human resource management practices which are compensation practice, promotion practice and performance evaluation practice, and perceived employees’ performance. For this purpose data were collected through time tested questionnaire from 284 medical information officers of national pharmaceuticals companies with the help of MBA students. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 17) was used for data operation. The results of correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between all human resource management practices and perceived employees performance. Multiple regression was run on data in order to know the impact of hr practices on perceived performance. The results showed that Compensation Practices, Performance Evaluation Practice and Promotion Practice accounted for 37.8 percent variance in employees’ perceived performance. The performance evaluation practice with highest beta coefficient (0.396) is the most significant practice followed by promotion practice (.284). The compensation practice did not show a significant impact on perceived employees’ performance.

[Nazim Ali, Wali Rahman, Fayaz Ali Shah. Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceived Employees’ Performance (An Empirical Evidence). Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):184-187]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.27

Key words: Human resource management practices; perceived performance; Organizational Development, Leadership, Human Resource Development

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Optimization and biochemical characterization of exracellular xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum MH-20 under solid state fermentation

Heba I. Abo-Elmagd

Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, 11757, Egypt

Heba_aboelmagd@yahoo.com

Abstract: The production of extracellular xylanase was investigated employing ten fungal isolates grown on different agroindustrial wastes such as wheat bran, rice bran and sugarcane baggase. Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum enzyme production (85.3 U/mg) in a combination of wheat bran and rice bran in a ratio of 3: 1, respectively after 7 days of incubation. Different physical and chemical factors were optimized for the highest xylanase production. The maximum xylanase production was achieved at 75% moisture content, pH 5 and incubation temperature 30^oC with peptone as a suitable nitrogen source. Enzyme characterization was also investigated. The optimum pH value and temperature for xylanase activity were 6 and 55^oC, respectively. Xylanase exhibited remarkable stability over a broad pH and temperature range so; it has the potential to be used in biofuels, animal feed and food industry applications. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative molecular mass of xylanaxe was about 23.0 kDa. Thus, the present study proved that Trichoderma harzianum is promising in xylanase production.

 [Abo-Elmagd H. I. Optimization and biochemical characterization of exracellular xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum MH-20 under solid state fermentation . Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):188-195] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.28

Keywords: Tricoderma harzianum, Solid state fermentation, Xylanase.

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An Axiomatic Evaluation of Software Complexity Metrics for Prototype based Object Oriented Systems

Syed Ahsan

Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University, North Jeddah

Email: saehsan@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Traditional Software metrics are both tangible such as LOC and intangible such as Amount of Effort and Software Engineering experience etc. For contextual and intangible metrics, it is generally assumed that these metrics can be generalized over a universal set of domains. In our opinion, the intuitive nature of intangible and intrinsically intuitive metrics warrant a revisit of theoretical foundations on which such metrics are based. This is especially true in case of Prototype based software modeling, which being a class-less system has entirely different theoretical foundations. Also the sizes of the project on which such metrics are applied have a bearing on complexity. In this paper we have proposed an axiomatic approach towards evaluation of Software Complexity metrics. These axioms are based on Measurement theory and provide us with theoretical underpinnings based upon which, metrics suitable for class based and class-less Object Oriented approaches can be defined. Also introduced in this paper is the notion of a viewpoint which helps us to resolve the problems introduced because of intuitive contextual nature of complexity.

[Syed Ahsan. An Axiomatic Evaluation of Software Complexity Metrics for Prototype based Object Oriented Systems. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):196-201]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.29

Keywords: Measurement Theory, Class-less objects, Complexity Metrics, Empirical Relation, Software Engineering.

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A Review on Linear encoding methods and Geometry based methods for protein structure alignment

Samira Fotoohifiroozabadi, Safaai Deris^*, Mohd Saberi Mohamad and Jafar Razmara

Artificial Intelligence and Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.

samira.fotoohi@gmail.com, safaai@utm.my, saberi@utm.my, razmaraj@gmail.com

Abstract: In this work the linear encoding methods and geometry based methods and their applications in protein structure comparison analysis are presented and compared based on their time complexity and accuracy. The comparison results shows that linear encoding methods obtains higher running speed but with lower accuracy, while geometric based methods are much more accurate, but with slower speed.

[Samira Fotoohifiroozabadi, Safaai Deris, Jafar Razmara. A Review on Linear encoding methods and Geometry based methods for protein structure alignment. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):202-206]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.30

Keywords: linear encoding methods, geometry based methods, protein structure.

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Effect of different planting method and plant density on yield and morphological traits of fodder maize in two planting dates

Mohammad Mashreghi, Saeed Khavari Khorasani, Ali Reza Souhani Darban

Master of Agriculture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

m37024@gmail.com

Assistant Professor, Maize breeder , Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) , Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran

Faculty member , Departeman of agriculture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract: Effect of different planting methods, plant density and planting dates on yield, yield components and morphological traits of fodder maize studied during 2011 growth season. KSC704 variety of fodder maize planted in rural district of Abravan at south east of Mashhad. Main plots belonged to three levels of planting method (P1: Furrow planting, P2: ridge planting and P3: double rows of planting on ridge). Sub plots belonged to three levels of plant density (D1: 90,000; D2: 110,000 and D3: 130,000 plant.ha). A split plot experiment conducted base on randomized complete design with three replications and two planting dates (early April, and early June). Combined analysis of variance conducted. Results showed that plant height, tassel length, leaf area, ear length, and fodder dry weight and ASI duration affected by planting date. Quality index improved by furrow planting. The highest forage yield produced by P1 (50.75 t.ha) and D3 (50.58 t.ha). Forage yield significantly correlated by ear weight (r²=0.71**). Stepwise regression model accounted for more than 43 percent of forage yield variance. Stem weight, ear weight and leaf area was three variables which enter the regression model. The first principal component contains stem weight, leaf weight and ear weight.

[Mohammad Mashreghi, Saeed Khavari Khorasani, Ali Reza Souhani Darban. Effect of different planting method and plant density on yield and morphological traits of fodder maize in two planting dates. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):207-213]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.31

Key words: forage yield, quality index, correlation, stepwise regression, principal component.

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The issues of the transition of accounting and financial reporting for international standards

Sariya Baimukhanovna Baimukhanova

Kazakh National University named by Al-Farabi, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail.ru

Abstract: The main purposes of this research is the justification of necessity for transition of the accountancy system to international standards of financial reporting, and scientific problem solving and working out the way of improvement of enterprises' accounting system of RK, tailored to modern conditions. The originality of research is in obtained scientific results showing the role and meaning of financial reporting formed as per IFRS as the base for managerial decision making. The problems of transition of accountancy system and financial reporting of RK onto international standards and the ways of how to solve them are examined.

[Baimukhanova S.B. The issues of the transition of accounting and financial reporting for international standards. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):214-219]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.32

Keywords: Kazakhstan, adaptation, competition, investor, lender, international standards.

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Application of the Central Courtyard of Traditional Architecture in Modern Architecture

Arsalan Korooni ¹, Alireza Sahraeian ²

^1,2. Master of Architecture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran

arsalan.korooni@yahoo.com

Abstract: Time constraints have separated the architects from traditional architecture. These constraints can be economical, social, cultural and political. However, the existence of constraints in the above cases is due to time. Art and architecture have always been under certain known rules and regulations and are strongly and constantly connected to culture, behavior patterns and values of society. This is why the architectural styles of each period reflect the culture and art in that period. This study, entitled "Application of the central courtyard of traditional architecture in the modern architecture" studies the effect of local culture in regions, Western culture, and social factors on the morphology and position of the courtyard in traditional, modern and Iran's current houses. In this regard, a number of traditional structures, including Rasoulian and Arab homes and modern structures with a central courtyard including the building of Khavaran culture center were compared. The results show that although architects have tried to be inspired by the structures of modern architecture, but many do not adhere to the principles and concepts of traditional designs.

[Arsalan Korooni, Alireza Sahraeian. Application of the Central Courtyard of Traditional Architecture in Modern Architecture. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):220-226]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.33

Keywords: Modern architecture, traditional architecture, the central courtyard.

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Contaminants Analysis of Different Branded and Unbranded Honey of khyber pukhtounkhwa Pakistan

¹KhaliqurRahman , ¹Imdadullah muhammadzai, ²Arshad Hussain, ³HalimurRahman, ²Javid Ali

¹Institute of Chemical Science University of Peshawar Pakistan

²Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Peshawar

³Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan

Corresponding Author: khaliqjan244@yahoo.com

Abstract:This study presents evaluation of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) and heavy metals (cadmium, manganese, lead, mercury, nickel and cobalt) contamination in branded and unbranded honey. Higher concentration (µg/kg) of heavy metals was found in branded honey as compared to unbranded honey. As in Marhaba, Ni concentration (0.49±0.03) found maximum while Co (0.15±0.02) was lowest. Pb concentration (0.85±0.03) was maximum whereas Cd (0.16±0.03) found lowest in Qarshi. Versatile contains maximum Pb (1.34±0.02) while lowest Cd (0.12±0.02). In Al-hayat Cu concentration (1.23±0.03) was maximum while Pb (0.11±0.03) was lowest. Young’s honey contains maximum Ni (2.41±0.01) while lowest Mercury (0.16±0.03). Ni (1.25±0.02) was found maximum and Mn (0.14±0.03) lowest in Pak-salman, whereas in Langness Hg concentration (0.71±0.03) found maximum while Cd (0.13±0.02) was lowest. The contamination level of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) was also evaluated in both types of honey. Minimum level of aflatoxins were detected in branded and unbranded honey sample are B1and B2 such as (2.14, 1.25) and maximum concentration are (2.33, 2.15) respectively. It is concluded that contaminants are less as compare to the reported values so mostly the honey produces in Khyber pakhtunkhwa are good for use and export can be enhanced.

[ KhaliqurRahman, Imdadullah muhammadzai, Arshad Hussain, HalimurRahman, Javid Ali. Contaminants Analysis of Different Branded and Unbranded Honey of khyber pukhtounkhwa Pakistan. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):227-231]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.34

Key words: Aflatoxins, heavy metals, contamination, honey.

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Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Text: A Survey

Usman Saeed

Faculty of Computing and Information Technology North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. email: usaeed@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Arabic script is the third most widely used writing system after Latin and Chinese, but research in Arabic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is still nascent in comparison to Latin script. Arabic script is inherently cursive in nature, therefore techniques developed for other scripts are generally inappropriate for Arabic. In this paper we present recent progress in the field of Handwritten Arabic Text Recognition. We present the recent techniques developed, classified as steps of a general OCR system. Beginning with image acquisition and preprocessing techniques for Handwritten Arabic Text Recognition., we next present the methods for segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In the end we conclude with a discussion of future directions in Handwritten Arabic Text Recognition.

[Usman Saeed. Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Text: A Survey. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):232-235]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.35

Keywords: Image Processing, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Arabic OCR.

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Geographical impact of heavy metals on Euphorbia heliscopia

Farhat Ali Khan¹, Rashid Ahmad², Habib Khan², Naseem Ullah^1*

¹Department of Pharmacy Sarhad University of Science and technology peshawar

²Department of Chemistry University of Malakand, Chakdara.

Abstract: The present study was designed to analyze the environmental effect on heavy metals absorption b Euphorbia heliscopia.The results showed high contents of Pb 0.85mg/kg, 0.90 mg/kg and 0.97mg/kg in the soil samples collected from zone 1,2 and 3 respectively.However the concentration of Pb in the plant samples collected from different environmental zones were found high 0.63mg/kg in zone 1. The minimum Cu values 0.69 mg/kg were recorded in euphorbia heliscopia collected from zone 7, whereas 0.38 mg/kg was noted in the plant sample collected from the same zone (zone 7).

[Farhat Ali Khan, Rashid Ahmad, Habib Khan, Naseem Ullah . Geographical impact of heavy metals on Euphorbia heliscopia. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):236-239]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.36

Key words: Soil, Euphorbia heliscopia, Environmental effects, Lead (Pb).

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Effect of cinnamaldehyde thymol mixture on growth performance and some ruminal and blood constituents in growing lambs fed high concentrate diet

Adham A. Alsaht*, Sabry M. Bassiony, Gamal A. Abdel-Rahman and Sabry A. Shehata

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt

*adham_alsaht@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and cinnamaldehyde mixture (TCM) supplementation on growth performance and some ruminal and blood parameters of lambs fed high concentrate diets. Twenty-Four Rahmani lambs with initial live weight of 21.98 ± 1.43 kg were randomly divided into three groups (8 animals each). The first group fed diet without supplementation (control) while 2^nd and 3^rd group were supplemented with 100 or 200 mg TCM/kg of diet respectively ad libitum over 18-week period. Addition of TCM tended to improve nutritive values (TDN, DCP, SE), DMI (P=0.97), ADG (P=0.25) and feed efficiency (P=45). Ruminal pH, total VFA concentrations and ammonia concentration were similar between lambs fed TCM and those fed the control diet. Mean number of protozoa and microbial protein concentration were not altered in response to any of TCM levels. Serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea-N, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not changed by feeding TCM. Overall, results from this study suggest that supplementing growing lambs fed high concentrate diet with TCM may have limited potential to improve their growth rate and feed efficiency without any detrimental effect on ruminal and blood constituents.

[Adham A. Alsaht, Sabry M. Bassiony, Gamal A. Abdel-Rahman and Sabry A. Shehata. Effect of cinnamaldehyde thymol mixture on growth performance and some ruminal and blood constituents in growing lambs fed high concentrate diet. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):240-248]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.37

Keywords: cinnamaldehyde, thymol, growth performance, rumen fermentation.

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Nutritional Awareness of Saudi Girls and Women about Cancer-Causing and Preventive Foods

Magda I. Hassan¹, Manal M. E. M. Shehata ² and Maliha A. Abdl-Wahab³

¹ Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.

² Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.

³Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Food, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia.

shehata_manal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nutritional awareness may reduce the likelihood of cancer risk or death. The present study was a descriptive study aimed to evaluate awareness of cancer-causing and preventive foods, screening eating habits among females. Sample including 895 girls and women from Al- Hassa in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia were participated in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured to calculate the BMI. Sources of nutritional knowledge were also evaluated. Data indicated that the major source of nutritional knowledge about cancer was the different stages of education 62.3% and the lowest source of nutritional knowledge was family and friends 20.7%. The general knowledge about cancer as definition and some facts about it was also studied. Generally, knowledge level of participants was good. Nearly half of participants had wrong responses about smoked foods, processed meat and artificial sweeteners. Results showed that approximately 60-80% of the sample had wrong responses about the impact of the following foods: fried foods - preserved juices - pickles and salty foods - stored nuts on cancer risks. Evaluation of the awareness of cancer preventing foods indicated that knowledge of sample was good in vegetables and fruits consumption but they had wrong responses about vegetable oils, legumes and green tea. Results indicated that awareness about preventive-cancer foods was good but, awareness about foods causing-caner was low. Eating habits of girls and women under study were very low. Data also indicated that there was a correlation between females BMI and Ʃ measures of nutritional awareness at p<0.0001. Chi-square proved that there were significant relationships between Ʃ measures of nutritional awareness about cancer and age, occupation, income, residence area, education level of girls and woman. Although, nutritional awareness of females increase in 18-28 years, between students, low income, in cities, higher education level but it still remains insufficient. So, Saudi girls and women need plans and programs to raise their nutritional awareness and instill healthy eating habits especially for the younger girls in primary, preparatory and secondary schools.

[Magda I. Hassan, Manal M. E. M. Shehata and Maliha A. Abdl-Wahab. Nutritional Awareness of Saudi Girls and Women about Cancer-Causing and Preventive Foods. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):249-256]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.38

Keywords: Nutritional awareness, eating habits, Saudi girls and women, Risk of cancer.

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Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Papaya Functional Beverages Based on Sweet Cheese Whey

Mohamed, A.G.¹; Hayam M. Abbas¹ and Abeer F. Zayan²

¹Dairy Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

²Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

prof.hayamabbas@yahoo.com

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to produce and evaluate Papaya functional beverages based on sweet cheese whey during refrigerated storage for 30 days. Papaya pulp and sweet whey were mixed in proportion of 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 (w/w) to create 6 blends, respectively. Assessment of their chemical constituents, physical properties, microbiological examination as well as organoleptic evaluation was carried out directly after preparing and during storage for one month at refrigerator temperature (5°C ± 2°C). The results revealed that the acidity of beverages samples were gradually increased during storage periods; meanwhile, the loss percentage of ascorbic acid contents was increased by increasing the storage time. Lactose and calcium contents of the beverages samples were slightly decreased. Bacterial counts and yeast & molds counts were also gradually decreased through storage period. On the other hand, the prepared functional papaya-whey beverages could be successfully storage at the refrigerator temperature for the period of one month without significant changes in their sensory attributes. Concerning sensory properties, the blend 5 gained the highest organoleptic scores followed by blend 6; and no flavor or color defects were observed in any of all blends during the storage period however the total acceptability were between varied.

[Mohamed, A.G.; Hayam M. Abbas and Abeer F. Zayan. Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Papaya Functional Beverages Based on Sweet Cheese Whey. Life Sci J 2014;11(3s):257-263]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1103s14.39

Keywords: Papaya pulp, Sweet cheese whey, Papaya- whey blends, Functional beverages.

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