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Bacteriological Quality Evaluation of Drinking Water of District Swat Khyber PAkhtunkhwa-Pakistan

^*1Farhat Ali Khan, ²Javid Ali, ¹Naseem Ullah, ³Said Hassan, ⁴Sudhair Abbas, ²Zia-ur- Rahman

¹Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

²PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan

³Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, KPK- Pakistan

⁴Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, KPK- Pakistan

Abstract: The quality of drinking water especially bacteriological point of view is very important for human being. In the current study twenty four (24) samples of drinking water collected from different hand pumps, direct water supply and open well of Swat district were evaluated for bacteriological quality parameters such as Total Plate Count (TPC), Coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria and E. coli. Fifteen samples were higher TPC vales as compared with World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. Similarly 66.66% samples were contaminated with coliform bacteria and 58.33% samples were contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria according to WHO drinking water standards. E. coli were present in twelve samples.

[ Farhat Ali Khan, Javid Ali, Naseem Ullah, Said Hassan, Sudhair Abbas, Zia-ur- Rahman. Bacteriological Quality Evaluation of Drinking Water of District Swat Khyber PAkhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):1-5]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.01

Keywords: Bacteria, Diseases, Health Risk, Drinking water, WHO Standards.

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Cytotoxic Effects Induced by a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory compound on Root Tip Cells of Vicia Faba Plant

Salha. M. S. AL-Shamrani

Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author: sal-2006@hotmail.com

Abstract: In this study, mutagenic effects of four Piroxicam concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/ 1ml water) on Vicia faba root tips and the recovery treatments with water for 24h were studied. Results revealed that all treatments reduced mitotic index; which reduction increase as Piroxicam concentrations increased. Also, the effect of Piroxicam in this trait persists after recovery treatments. Both different Piroxicam and recovery treatments caused unbalance mitotic phases percentages. And it increased as Piroxicam concentration increased. However, all recovery treatments lightly reduced the obvious trait, indicated that the mutagenic effect for Piroxicam compound persist under the recovery treatments. Stickiness was the major form of total abnormalities in both Piroxicam and recovery treatments indicating that Piroxicam can be intercalation with DNA leading to entanglement of chromatin threads. On the other hand, disturbed and C-metaphase were recorded the highest percentages after the sticky chromosomes in both Piroxicam and recovery treatments, meaning that Piroxicam has an effect on spindle formation in Vicia faba mitosis. However, Lagging chromosomes, bridges, fragments and breaks were slightly induced by some treatments. These results showed that the Piroxicam has the mutagenic effects on Vicia faba plant .

[Salha. M. S. AL-Shamrani. Cytotoxic Effects Induced by a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory compound on Root Tip Cells of Vicia Faba Plant. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):6-10]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.02

Keywords: mitotic activity, chromosomal abnormalities, Lagging chromosomes, bridges, fragments and Stickiness

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Prognostic Factors including clinical manifestation and Paraclinic finding in sever methanol toxicity

Seyed Ali Bahreini Moghaddam¹, Abdolkarim Pajoumand^2,3*

¹Executive management, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

²Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Poison Control Center, Loghman–Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Dr_pajoumand@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and laboratory factors in methanol poisoned patients to determine the prognosis of their toxicity. Methods: This survey was done as a prospective cross-sectional study in methanol-poisoned patients in Loghman-Hakim hospital poison center during 9 months from October 1999–June 2000 and also 42 patients by CT Methanol Toxicity finding in 2007. During this time 25 methanol-poisoned patients were admitted. Results: The mortality rate was 12 (48%). Amongst survivors, three (23%) of the patients developed blindness due to their poisoning and the other 10 (77%) fully recovered without any complication. The mortality rate in comatose patients was nine (90%) while in non-comatose patients it was three (20%) (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mean pH in the first arterial blood gas of patients who subsequently died (6.82±0.03) and survivors (7.15±0.06) (P < 0.001, M-W). The mean time interval between poisoning and ED presentation in deceased patients were (46 ±15.7) hours, in survived with sequelae were (16.7± 6.7) and in survived without sequelae were (10.3 ±7.2) hours (P<0.002, K-W). We found no significant difference between the survivors versus the patients who died regarding methanol. Conclusion: Simultaneous presence of ethanol and opium affected the outcome of the treatment for methanol intoxication favourably and unfavourably, respectively. In our study, poor prognosis was associated with pH< 7, coma on admission and >24 hours delay from intake to admission. It seems CT finding are important as Methanol concentration before any other Paraclinic findings and even clinical manifestations.

[Seyed Ali Bahreini Moghaddam, Abdolkarim Pajoumand. Prognostic Factors including clinical manifestation and Paraclinic finding in sever methanol toxicity. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):11-14]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.03

Key words: fatal outcome; methanol; prognosis; toxicity

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Survey on the effect of integrative Medicine approach on chronic disease patients' wellbeing and satisfaction in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences: A one year follow up

Haleh Talaie1, Khadijeh Rahmani2, Arezou Mahdavinejad1, Mohammad Noori3, Abbas Hajfathali4, Hamid Reza

Jabbari5, Simin Ahadi6 and Seyed Ali Bahreini Moghaddam7*

1Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of

Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3Faculty of Clinical psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4Bone Marrow Transplant ward, Taleghani general hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5National Research Institute, tuberculosis and lung disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

6Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioner.

7 Executive management, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Dralibahrieni@yahoo.com

Abstract: Integrative medicine (IM) is the interdisciplinary of conventional and complementary alternative medicine. We report the creation of IM for the first time in Iran. Method: In this prospective case series study, 215 chronic disease patients were visited. Different kind of CAM performed according patients' need assessment. Fifty one eligible patients followed in one year. Result: The mean age of 215 patients was 39.8 ± 15.7 (7 -78) years and 42.3% (n=91) were male. Most of the patients were educated. Chronic sinusitis, asthma and allergy totally, affective disorders and musculoskeletal pain were the most problems. More than 75% of the patients were satisfied from integrative therapy. In the meetings the text book of IM was exposed to the 6 physicians. Discussion: This study experience suggests that an integrative medicine approach made patient's better satisfaction by achieving well being on life style changes. We really need more studies and supports.

[Haleh Talaie, Khadijeh Rahmani, Arezou Mahdavinejad, Mohammad Noori, Abbas Hajfathali, Hamid RezaJabbari, Simin Ahadi and Seyed Ali Bahreini Moghaddam. Survey on the effect of integrative Medicine approach on chronic disease patients' wellbeing and satisfaction in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences: A one year follow up. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):15-19]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.04

Key Words: Integrative medicine, complementary alternative, conventional, satisfaction, Life style

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Stress Distribution in Soil under Action of Paraplow Ripper

Dzhaviger Eskhozhin ¹, Sayakhat Nukeshev ¹, Kairat Eskhozhin ¹, Dimitar Karaivanov ²

^1. Engineering Faculty, S. Seyfullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 62 Zhenis Ave., Astana 100011, Kazakhstan

^2. Department of Applied Mechanics, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria, dipekabg@yahoo.com

Abstract: This article presents theoretical examination of interaction between paraplow ripper and soil based on linear mechanics theory. Stresses in soil layers and nature of their distribution are considered to be the main indicators of their interaction. Parabolic equations describing the distribution of normal and shearing stresses in soil were derived. Their numerical and graphical analysis allows solving the problem of working bodies balancing on the tillage tool’s frame.

[Eskhozhin D, Nukeshev S, Eskhozhin K, Karaivanov D. Stress Distribution in Soil under Action of Paraplow Ripper. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):20-24]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.05

Keywords: Normal stresses; paraplow ripper; shearing stresses; soil

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Study of rheological properties of carbomer gels

Rizvangul Aupova¹, Zuyriadda Sakipova¹, Milan Zemlicka²

¹Asfendiyarov’s Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

²University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

kairat_phd@mail.ru

Abstract: The first step of semisolid drugs development is a selection of appropriate base. As we plan to develop a preparation for treating of inflammatory periodontal diseases, it is necessary to take into account some requirements: base should provide a pH close to the pH of the mouth mucous membranes, be easily and painlessly applied to the gums, be uniformly distributed, have a light texture. Results: As the optimal basis should be easily applied to the oral mucosa, does not spread and possess medium fluidity, for further studies, we have chosen a carbomer with concentration of 1%. In order to study the strength of the carbomer gel structure as well as to determine the flow type and the thixotropic properties we constructed a rheogram of studied base, showing the dependence of the shear stress τ from velocity gradient Dr. In the investigation of dependence of the structural viscosity on the shear velocity gradient can be seen that the structural viscosity of the studied gel base gradually decreased with increasing shear rate gradient. A result of researchers found that the most active carbomer swelling process occurs between 25 to 30 minutes. The maximum viscosity observed during the swelling within 30 min. Then, over the entire range of the gel swelling time rheological characteristics are virtually unchanged. Discussions: Was determined the optimal concentration of studied gelling agent - carbomer - 1%. Was proved that the gel base with studied gelling agent has non-Newtonian flow type with plastic properties and possesses thixotropic properties. For gels with formed structure the optimal carbomer swelling time is 30 min.

[R., Sakipova Z., Zemlicka М. Study of rheological properties of carbomer gels. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):25-27]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.06

Keywords: Carbomer gel, thixotropic properties, rheogram, rheological characteristics.

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Seismic Risk Assessment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan

Shaukat Ali Khan¹, Muhammad Abbas Qureshi ²

^1. Assistant Professor,

^2. Post Graduate Scholar

NUST institute of Civil Engineering (NICE), School of Civil &Environmental Engineering (SCEE), NUST Islamabad, Pakistan

Email: abbasq84@yahoo.com

Abstract: Assessing the risk associated with earthquake is an essential component for earthquake risk mitigation. Many researchers carried out the earthquake hazard assessment of study area but earthquake risk is not carried out in Pakistan at national or provincial level. This paper presents the results of earthquake hazard and risk assessment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Here we estimate the seismic hazard in terms of Peak Ground acceleration (PGA), using ERA framework proposed by Khan (2011) and used in risk calculation. Ambarasey’s 2005 Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) is used in the hazard assessment while building inventory is developed from projected census data with minimal field sampling. Maximum PGA of 0.39 g occurs in region of district Mansehra, district Battagram and some parts of district Shangla across Indus River. It is concluded that the average risk per $1000 ranges between ($5 to $145) depending upon location and class of building. Risk mitigation strategies are recommended based on the results.

[Khan SA, Qureshi MA. Seismic Risk Assessment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):28-34]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.07

Keywords: Seismic hazard, Earthquake risk, ERA, PSHA, Attenuation, seismic vulnerability, Earthquake, KPK, Risk mitigation

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Prevalence of nosocomial infections in newborns and its related factors in neonatal intensive care unit unit of Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011

Nahid Ghotbi¹, Maryam Nikofar^*1, Maoumeh Abedini¹, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh², Golnar Mortaz-Hejri ¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

²Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: mary_nikoofar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Neonatal intensive care is an important part of the hospital and prone to infection. Prevention of infection is the main goal of an infection control program. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hospital infections in neonatal intensive care unit and its associated factors in Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011. Method: This Cross-sectional study conducted on 332 infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Besa hospital in the year 2011. Neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were examined daily for signs of infection and symptoms and samples were taken. Patients with the criteria of nosocomial infection were recruited into the study. Data was entered in special questionnaires which designed according to CDC for this purpose. The source of information were patient, physician, hospital records and daily clinical assessment. Test results followed-up and recorded in the second part of the questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS 18, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, fisher exact test and paired T- test, and OR statistical analysis. Results: From 332 infants %50.3 were male, %49.7 were female and the incidence of pneumonia was 11.4%. The incidence of sepsis was 2.4% and the prevalence of eye infections was %3.9. There is no significant difference between infections and gender. There is significant relationship between pneumonia and gestational age. But there was no significant correlation between risk of eye infection, septicemia and gestational age (P> 0.05). Chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between infected infants with birth weight, and length of hospitalization (P< 0.05). There is a significant difference between infected and non-infecteded infants in terms of weight and length of hospitalization (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Prevalence of infection in neonatal intensive care unit in Sanandaj is similar to other parts of the country. Because all medical centers in the country are implemented the same protocols for infection control, so it is necessary that this country protocol be reviewed to control nosocomial infections. [Nahid Ghotbi, Maryam Nikofar, Maoumeh Abedini, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh, Golnar Mortaz-Hejri. Prevalenceof nosocomial infections in newborns and its related factors in neonatal intensive care unit unit of Besat hospital in Sanandaj in 2011. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):35-39]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.08

Key words: Neonatal Intensive Care - Hospital infections- Pneumonia

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Evaluation of H.pylori Infection and IL23R Gene Polymorphism in Dyspeptic Subjects

Farid Zandi¹, Hedayatollah Shirzad², Nader Bagheri³, Ghorbanali Rahimian⁴, Loghman Salimzadeh², Fateme Azadegan ⁵, Kambiz yousefzadeh Eshkevari⁵, Fateme Fatahi⁵, Abbas Ahmadi⁶, Alireza Gharib⁶, Sara Gholami⁷, Behnam Zamanzad² *

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

²Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

³Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

⁵Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

⁶Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

⁷Department of medical genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Behnamzamanzad5@gmail.com

Abstract: CagA strains of H.pylori (Hp) are known to be associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Polymorphisms in inflammation related genes, such as cytokines and their receptors, were thought to partly determine the outcome of Hp infection and the progression of gastritis. It is supposed that interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), a basic cytokine receptor in the inflammatory IL-17/IL-23 axis, may be related to gastritis. In the present study, we evaluated the association of IL23R +2199 rs10889677 polymorphism and cagA positivity with chronic gastritis. In addition, we studied the infiltration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) Leukocytes into surrounding tissues of corpus. Biopsies taken from the corpus of the patients were classified as two groups: Hp-infected and Hp-uninfected. The severity of gastritis was graded from normal to severe, chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis. Virulence factor, cagA, was evaluated using PCR and the polymorphism in IL23R was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). AA and AC carriers of IL23R +2199 polymorphism, but not CC genotype in Hp-uninfected patients, were not associated with cellular infiltration and gastritis in both groups (p > 0.05). CagA positivity was significantly associated with increased risk of PMN (P= 0.013), but not with MN infiltration (P= 0.069). Also gastritis was found to be associated with cagA positivity (P= 0.044). Our results show decreased Hp infection probability in patients with CC genotype of 2199 +IL23R. According to the clinical and pathological features in Hp-infected group, IL23R polymorphism doesn't influence chronic gastritis and chronic active gastritis.

[Farid Zandi, Hedayatollah Shirzad, Nader Bagheri, Ghorbanali Rahimian, Loghman Salimzadeh, Fateme Azadegan, Kambiz yousefzadeh Eshkevari, Fateme Fatahi, Abbas Ahmadi, Alireza Gharib, Sara Gholami, Behnam Zamanzad. Evaluation of H. pylori Infection and IL23R Gene Polymorphism in Dyspeptic Subjects. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):40-46]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.09

Keywords: IL23R, polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori, gastritis

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Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis through the Up-Regulation of Fas in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7

Javad Hosseini¹, Mehdi Mahmoodi², Ali Jalili^3, Shadi Hosseini⁴, Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-zijoud⁵, Alireza Khoshdel², Mahshid Tahamtan⁶, Abbas Ahmadi⁷, Mohammad Nazir Menbari⁷, Alireza Gharib⁸, Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi¹*

¹Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdestan,Sanandaj, Iran

²Dept. of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

³Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdestan, Sanandaj, Iran

⁴Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

⁶Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

⁷Kurdistan Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

⁸Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: biohakha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aloe-emodin is a Hydroxyanthraquinone that exists in Aloe Vera leaves and has been known to have anti-tumor effects. Various studies have mentioned the biologic effects of Aloe Vera such as antiviral, antimicrobial and some hepato-protective effects. Recently its antitumor effects have attracted many researchers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 30% of all female cancers and < 1% of all cancer cases in men. Breast cancer also is responsible for 15% of cancer deaths in women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of aloe-emodin on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Materials and Methods: MCF-7cellswere cultured in RPM Imedium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) of Aloe-emodin on cultured cells were evaluated by MTT assay at different times (24, 48, 72 h). Apoptosis and CD95 (Fas) expression were analyzed by flow-cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and Fas (CD95) kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Aloe-emodin decreases the viability of MCF-7 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner, so that the most effective concentration of this substance was 100µM and 72h after treatment. According to the data of Fas (CD95) expression and Annexin-PI, the highest apoptosis induction rate was seen in 100µM and 72 h. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that Aloe-emodin has some antitumor effects and can be used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, further investigationof its cytotoxic effects against tumor cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is recommended.

[Javad Hosseini, Mehdi Mahmoodi, Ali Jalili^, Shadi Hosseini, Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-zijoud, Alireza Khoshdel, Mahshid Tahamtan, Abbas Ahmadi, Mohammad Nazir Menbari, Alireza Gharib, Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi. Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis through the Up-Regulation of Fas in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):47-53]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.10

Key words: Breast Cancer, Aloe-emodin, Apoptosis, MCF-7.

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Priority Setting for Healthcare Facilities Maintenance

Ghaleb J. Sweis¹ (Corresponding Author), Rateb Sweis², Ruba R. AbuHussein³, Mohammed Hiyassat⁴, Taghrid S. Suifan⁵

^1- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

^2- Department of Business Management, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

^3- Department of Business Management, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

^4- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

^5- Department of Business Management, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 11942

E-mail: gsweis@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Priority setting in the health care field is a necessary activity because of the scarce resources and the choices amongst competing demand for those limited resources. This paper adopts a prioritization model for maintenance management to rank the maintenance works. The adopted model introduces the Building Status, Physical Condition, and Importance of Usage, Effects on Users and Cost Implication as the major criteria that are used in setting up the maintenance priorities for a major public healthcare facility in Jordan. The model suggests that the weight of each criterion in the multi-attribute prioritization model be determined with a more accurate and quantitative method by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This paper makes a contribution by proposing a modification to the AHP approach through determining the weights of each criterion in the multi-attribute prioritization model.

[Sweis G, Sweis R, AbuHusseint R, Hiyassat M, Suifan T. Priority Setting for Healthcare Facilities Maintenance. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):54-65]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.11

Keywords: Maintenance; Facilities Management; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); Performance Measurement; Jordan

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Emotional Intelligence in Suicide Commiters

Farah Moayedi¹, Kobra HajiAlizadeh², Maryam Khakrah³, Saeed Hosseini Theshnizi⁴

^1- Behavioral and Neurosciences Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

^2- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

^3- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^4- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

author.paper@yahoo.com

Abstract: Suicide attempt is a major issue in general health and is increasing day to day. Since emotional intelligence (EI) is related to one’s ability to manage stress, this study was aimed to assess the EI of people who attempt suicide. This was a case control study that was conducted on two groups; 50 patients who attempted suicide and attended Shahid Mohammadi hospital of Bandar Abbas and 50 others that were selected from their companions who were selected randomly. The Bar-On questionnaire was distributed to all the participants and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T test. The findings showed that the overall EI score was significantly lower among patients of the suicide group compared to the control group (P<0.05). EI was significantly lower in participants who attempted suicide. According to the results of this study, EI is a protective tool against suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Programs that help improving EI can be effective in decreasing the risk of suicide attempts.

[Moayedi F, HajiAlizadeh K, Khakrah M, Hosseini Theshnizi S. Emotional Intelligence in suicide commiters. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):65-68]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.12

Keywords: Bar-on Questionnaire, Suicide, Emotional Intelligence

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Solution of a multi-dimensional batch crystallization model with fines dissolution using CE/SE method

Saima Noor ¹, Shamsul Qamar ²

^1. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan

^2. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park road, Chak Shahzad Campus, Pakistan

saimmanoor@gmail.com

Abstract: This article is concerned with the numerical investigation of two-dimensional population balance models for batch crystallization processes with fines dissolution. In batch crystallization, dissolution of smaller unwanted nuclei below some critical size is of vital importance as it improves the quality of the product. The crystals growth rates for both size-independent and size-dependent cases are considered. Moreover, a delay in the recycle pipe is also included in the model. The space-time conservation element and solution element method, originally derived for non reacting flows, is used to solve the resulting model. This scheme has already been applied to a range of PDE's, mainly in the area of Fluid mechanics. The CE/SE method has been successfully applied to disciplines other than it originated from, this distinguishing feature confirms the method's robustness and generality. The numerical results in this article demonstrate the excellent performance of proposed numerical schemes in solving the current physical problem.

[Noor S, Qamar S. solution of a multi-dimensional batch crystallization model with fines dissolution using CE/SE method. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):69-78]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.13

Keywords: Population balances, batch process, crystallization, fines dissolution, multi-dimensional problems, space-time CE/SE method.

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Impact of weight loss on selected fibrinolytic parameters, endothelial and platelets microparticles in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

Shehab M. Abd El- Kader*, Mohamed S. Al-Dahr**, Amer A. Alsaif*, Samira Alsenany***

* Department of Physical therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

** Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

*** Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Background: Currently the prevalence of diabetes is gradually increasing, and vascular complications associated with diabetes seriously affect patients' health as the elevated level of endothelial and platelets microparticles (EMP and PMP) was associated with vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients. The effectiveness of intentional weight loss in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes is unknown. However, the influence of adiposity and weight reduction on PMP and EMP generation remain to be fully elucidated. Objective: This study was an attempt to measure the effects of weight loss on fibrinolytic parameters (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1: Ac), tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA:Ag) and fibrinogen & endothelial and platelets microparticles (CD41 and CD144) in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Methods: Eighty non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (42 males, and 38 females) with mean age 37.86± 5.21 years were divided into two equal groups; the training group received diet regimen, exercise training in addition to their medical treatment for two months, where the control group received their medical treatment only. Results: There was a 13.1%, 26.4%, 14.5%, 26.8%, 12.7% and 13.5% reduction in mean values of BMI, tPA: Ag, fibrinogen, PAI-1: Ac, PMP and EMP respectively in group (A). While, there was a 1.7%, 5.2%, 3.7%, 5.7%, 2.5% and 2.9% reduction in mean values of BMI, tPA: Ag, fibrinogen, PAI-1: Ac, PMP and EMP in group (B). The mean values of BMI, tPA: Ag, fibrinogen, PAI-1: Ac, PMP and EMP were decreased significantly in the group (A), however the results of group (B) were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Weight loss modulates fibrinolytic parameters, endothelial and platelets microparticles in non-insulin dependent diabetic.

[Shehab M. Abd El- Kader, Mohamed S. Al-Dahr, Amer A. Alsaif, Samira Alsenany. Impact of weight loss on selected fibrinolytic parameters, endothelial and platelets microparticles in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):79-85]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.14

Key words: Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes; Weight Loss, Fibrinolytic Parameters, Endothelial Microparticles; Platelets Microparticles.

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Value for Money and Audit Practice: Lessons and Facts from the Literature

Yousef A. Alwardat ¹, Abdelhafid Benamraoui ²

^1. Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University. Saudi Arabia yhussain@kau.edu.sa

^2. Department of Accounting Finance and Governance. The University of Westminster, London, UK. A.Benamraoui@westminster.ac.uk

Abstract: The purpose of this research article is to review the existing body of literature on the Value for Money (VfM) audit focusing primarily on the direct impact of the organisational reform on public sector auditing practice, the issue of accountability, and the factors affecting auditors and clients perceptions of VfM audit implementation. The study examines the issue of VfM audit from various scholars’ points of view, reviewing papers on a topic-by-topic basis. The authors synthesize the views of these scholars to produce a coherent overall picture of the VfM audit practice. The analyses reveal that VfM audit is becoming a corner stone for overseeing the services offered by the public sector and there is more emphasise on accountability. Auditors are given more powers to implement VfM audit effectively and have an impact on the management styles used in the public sector organisations. Many arguments, however, are made against the reform, such as causing many constraints towards the management of public sector services. The views presented in this paper are based on findings drawn from other studies, which do have their own limitations. The analyses presented in this article can be used by practitioners as guidance to identify gaps in the current VfM audit practice and by academics to carry out further investigations into this topic. The study originality is drawn from comparing and contrasting the research findings of what we believe the most influential scholars in this field of study.

[Alwardat A., Benamraoui A. Value for Money and Audit Practice: Lessons and Facts from the Literature. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):86-98]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.15

Keywords Auditing, Accountability, Public Sector, Reform, Value for Money

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Antiagnostic Effect of Musk and Sidr Leaves on Some of the Opportunistic Fungi that Cause Lung Toxicity

Amna Ali Nasser Saddiq

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding Author: Amna.s.vip@hotmail.com

Abstract: Opportunistic fungi play a great role in causing some of the dangerous diseases affecting human and animal. In this study five types of those Fungi were used for the experimental study. Those to the following five groups: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium solani and Candida albicans. That was done to study the effect of natural musk and sidr plant leaves and extracts to inhibition the growth of Fungi. The results showed significant data in inhibition of Fungi A. flavus and A. fumigates.The percentage of suppression reached 74.61% and 68.76% while The percentage of suppression in fungi, R. stolonifer and F. solani were 67.80% and 71.75%. Besides their effects on fungus C. albicans in the percentage of 56.92%. The results were confirmed and in agreement with the histological examination of the infected rat lung due to inter peritoneal injection with suspension of A. flavus after treatment with musk and sidr extracts twice weekly for 30 days by a dose equals 0.02kg/body weight. Then compared with normal control rats. rats were divided into two groups: the first control group was subdivision groups was injected with a- distilled water. b- suspention fungus A. flavus. c- musk extract. d -sidr extract. e- both musk and sidr extracts. The second experimental group was subdivided was injected with: a- suspension of pathogenic fungus A. flavus and musk extract. b-suspension of pathogenic fungus A. flavus and sidr extract. c- suspension of pathogenic fungus A. flavus and of both musk and sidr extracts. Histological study showed decrease in toxicity of the fungus (A. flavus) on the rat lungs after treatment with musk and sidr.These results indicated that musk and sidr can be used as safe natural product in management and control of lung toxicity (that is one of the manifestat of lung cancer) instead of drug chemotherapy.

[Amna Ali Nasser Saddiq. Antiagnostic Effect of Musk and Sidr Leaves on Some of the Opportunistic Fungi that Cause Lung Toxicity. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):99-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.16

Key words: The Opportunistic Fungi, Musk, Sidr, Lung

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Designing of an assembly machine for center deviation adaptive bearing pressure

¹ Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad, ²Sina Abroumand Azar

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Auto gear box is considered as the most important parts of a vehicle. The tapered roller bearing outer ring should be fitted to the shell before its assembly. The efficiency and performance of gearbox (transmission) is directly affected by the assembly precision. Through the research, design, test and manufacturing, eventually it was developed and used in automobile gearbox bearing pressure assembly machine. Therefore the automatic production is achieved, which improves the production efficiency, ensures the assembly quality, and brings higher profit to the enterprise.

[Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad, Sina Abroumand Azar. Designing of an assembly machine for center deviation adaptive bearing pressure. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):109-113]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.17

Keywords: design, gearbox, pile press machine, tapered roller bearing

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Experience of the development of the system of financing of higher education sector on national and international levels

Kuralay Kadirkulovna Berdimuratova¹, Gulashar Zharmagambetovna Doskeyeva¹, Raushan Zhenisovna Bekova²

¹T. Ryskulov Kazakh Economic University, 55 Zhandossov Street, 050035, Almaty, Kazakhstan

²Turan University, Satpaev Street 16-18-18а, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Higher education is an important social institution that functions to satisfy society's needs, and therefore it reacts quickly to internal and external changes and processes. Constantly increasing in volume and ever more diversified in their content the cross-country economical connections form the need for versatile expert personnel who getting professional training at national universities. This leads to the fact that the content of a national higher education system naturally gravitates to so called "world standards", being produced by world science and technology. Globalization processes also require from the national higher education system the new goal orientation which is taking into account the needs in international solidarity. In globalization conditions the universalization of the content of education and education technologies is inevitable and it is unstoppable under existing world information and communication systems as the internet.

[Berdimuratova K.K, Doskeyeva G.Zh., Bekova R.Zh. Experience of the development of the system of financing of higher education sector on national and international levels. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):114-120] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.18

Keywords: System of financing of higher education, world standard, education technologies, human capital, loan for use, borrowing, the source of financial resources, subsidy, demand loan, subsidised, diversification of sources of funding

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Particularities of formation of transport-transit cargo-traffic in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Zhanat Nurakhmetovna Erniyazova, Liman Aydarbekovna Kazbekova, Aygul Erdenbekovna Mukhanova, Kamshat Amandykovna Utegenova, Zhanna Baglanovna Smagulova

The Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, 29A Aiteke bie str., 120014 City of Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Conceptual nature of formation of transportation and logistics systems is clarified. Objective preconditions for formation of transportation and logistics systems in Kazakhstan on the base of theoretical and methodological base, practical foreign experience were found. Transit potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan was analyzed with the purpose of finding problems and opportunities of use of transportation and logistics systems in modern world-wide configuration of cargo-traffic. Complex analysis of current state of railway transport which is most perspective for creation of transportation and logistics systems in the Republic of Kazakhstan is performed.

[Erniyazova Zh.N., Kazbekova L.A., Mukhanova A.E., Utegenova K.A., Smagulova Zh.B. Particularities of formation of transport-transit cargo-traffic in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):121-124] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.19

Keywords: Transport enterprises, transportation and logistics system, transport processes, supply chain, material flow, transit potential

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Mechanism of state financial support in modernization of road-transport infrastructure of the country

Mira Amirchanovna Koshimova

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Esenov, 32 Microregion, the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan, 130000

Abstract. In 2010 The Republic of Kazakhstan started to implement State program of accelerated industrial-innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014. In the framework of this program in all regions of the country realization of transport infrastructural projects began, in particular large-scale work on monitoring and improvement of technical state of automobile roads was done. In this article the author considers the mechanism of state support and its role in modernization of road-transport infrastructure of Kazakhstan.

[Koshimova M.A. Mechanism of state financial support in modernization of road-transport infrastructure of the country. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):125-127] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.20

Keywords: Modernization, infrastructure, transport services, auto-transport complex, integration, financial leasing, target indicators, reconstruction, road objects.

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Study of Onthogenesis of Aervalanata (L.) Juss

Rose Ubaydyallaevna Mamykova¹, Talgat Saduakasovich Ibragimov², Rahat Kerimbekovna Pernebekova³

¹Kazakhstan Engineering and Pedagogical University of Peoples' Friendship, Dzhangeldin 13a, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 160019

²Department of Pasture and Forage Production of Southwest Research Institute of Animal and Plant, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 160019

³South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 160019

Abstract. The aricle presents the method of describing ontogenesis exemplified by Aervalanata (L.)Juss. The ontogenesis significance is demonstrated in the botanic research. There are techniques of cultivating Aerva lanata (L.) in the conditions of Sothern Kazakhstan, the productibity of raw stock and seeds. In the conditions of Southern Kazakhstan, Aerva lanata finishes the life cycle with fructification, which is a reliable indicator of adaptation to new conditions. The full ontogenesis takes place when the culture accelerates leading to premature ageing (the plant at the motherland is biannual, it is a single annual when cultivated). Aerva lanata yields bundant seeding growth proving its plasticity and successful introduction. Considerating its pharmautical propertices and high value, Aervalanata can be recommended for vast cultivation at foothills in the south of Kazakhstan.

[Mamykova R.U., Ibragimov T.S., Pernebekova R.K. Study of Onthogenesis of Aervalanata (L.) Juss. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):128-131] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.21

Keywords: Introduction, ontogenesis, morphogenesis, medicinal herb, productivity.

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Modernization of real sector of Kazakhstan economy as the most important factor of competitiveness

¹Ashimova Raziya Maratovna, ²Uvaisova Sholpan Salyhanovna, ²Mahanbetova Ulmeken Rahmetullaevna, ²Tazhibayeva Raikhan Musamatovna, ²Izatullaeva Bibigul Sultanovna

¹Kazakh National University named after Abai, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty Dostyk Avenue 13

²Ahmet Yassawi Kazakh-Turkish International University, Sattarhanov street, 29 161200 Turkestan, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The authors analyze stages of modernization in Kazakhstan economy. First 5 years of realization of SPAIID program has shown that some positive results have been achieved but there are some problems yet to be solved. These are: low rate of modernization of real economy sector, insufficient activity in development of new operations, high depreciation of fixed assets of energy system objects. Measures of utter importance on elimination of unsolved problems have been formulated and perspective ways of development of Kazakhstan’s industrial policy for next 5 years of SPAIID implementation have been described.

[Ashimova Raziya Maratovna, Uvaisova Sholpan Salyhanovna, Mahanbetova Ulmeken Rahmetullaevna, Tazhibayeva Raikhan Musamatovna, Izatullaeva Bibigul Sultanovna. Modernization of real sector of Kazakhstan economy as the most important factor of competitiveness. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):132-136] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.22

Keywords: competitiveness of economy, industrialization, foreign direct investments (FDI), industrial-innovative development, neo-industrialization.

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Reframing the Kazakhstani budget decision making process: budget balancing or a wild goose chase?

Parida Isakhova and Oksana Kirichok

International Academy of Business, 227 Rozybakiyev street, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract. The Kazakhstani budgetary system has undergone a significant shift after Kazakhstan switched from a highly centralized "colonial" government to an independent self-governing state. Currently, Kazakhstan faces the coinciding problem of the concentration of budget decision-making power in the center, and the general economic and political trend for increased regional budgetary independence. The paper traced out the characteristics of the government's fiscal and economic behavior, constantly comparing indicators of state and local budget balancing, and pointed out the emergence of dilemma: We would like to preserve a high level of centralization, and develop the economic independence of the regions. Two in one or a wild goose chase?

[Isakhova P., Kirichok O. Reframing the Kazakhstani budget decision making process: budget balancing or a wild goose chase? Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):137-140] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.23

Keywords: budget, budget balancing, state budget, local budget, social spending, equalization transfers.

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Efficiency upgrade of different desktop-type computers when solving numerical problems

Artem Sergeevich Khoroshev, Vladimir Sergeevich Puzin, Denis Aleksandrovich Tchoutchkin, Ekaterina Viktorovna Shevchenko, Denis Vladimirovich Batishchev, Andrey Arturovich Gummel

Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute), Novocherkassk, Russia

Abstract. The article deals with the problems of direct solution methods for ill-conditioned systems of higher order linear equations when simulating electromagnetic fields by finite difference method, using computer systems with limited hardware resources, such as personal computers. Author gives recommendations on selection of direct solution techniques and ordering methods, as well as the software for implementing these methods to ensure the effective use of available hardware resources and increase the speed of numerical problems solution.

[Khoroshev A.S., Puzin V.S., Tchoutchkin D.A., Shevchenko E.V., Batishchev D.V., Gummel A.A. Efficiency upgrade of different desktop-type computers when solving numerical problems. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):141-145] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.24

Keywords: Ill-conditioned systems, simulating electromagnetic fields, selection of direct solution techniques and ordering methods.

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Artificial Neural Network Modeling Studies to Predict the Amount of Carried Weight by Iran Khodro Transportation System

Mohd Nizam Ab. Rahman, Saeid Jafarzadeh-Ghoushchi^*, Dzuraidah Abd. Wahab, Majid Jafarzadeh-Ghoushji

Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail: Saeidj@eng.ukm.my

Abstract: This paper investigates the use of three artificial neural network (ANNs) algorithms, namely, incremental back propagation algorithm (IBP), genetic algorithm (GA) and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM) for predicting Carried weight, with an automobile industry namely, Iran Khodro Company (IKCO) used as the study case. These algorithms belong to three classes: gradient descent backpropagation algorithm, genetic algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The above algorithms were compared according to their prediction ability, prediction accuracy, as well as degree of generalization. The network structure was trained with the algorithms by using some numerical measures as the training set. Those algorithms were then compared according to their performances in training and prediction accuracy in testing based on root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R²). The results indicate that incremental back propagation performs better than the other algorithms in training and has higher prediction accuracy during the learning period.

[Mohd Nizam Ab. Rahman, Saeid Jafarzadeh-Ghoushchi, Dzuraidah Abd. Wahab, Majid Jafarzadeh-Ghoushji. Artificial Neural Network Modeling Studies to Predict the Amount of Carried Weight by Iran Khodro Transportation System. Life Sci J 2014; 11(2s):146-154]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.25

Keywords: Artificial neural network; incremental back propagation algorithm; Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm; Genetic algorithm; prediction

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Factors of the Spring Waters Formation and the Evolution of Spring Areas of West Kazakhstan

Kazhmurat Maksutovich Akhmedenov, Dinmuhamed Zhumabaevich Iskaliev, Sayagul Gusmanovna Akhmedenova

West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51, 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract. An estimate of the ecological state of the springs’ outlets in West Kazakhstan is given in the article. The research results and the GPS-positioning of groundwater outlets are given in the article. The analyses of foreign research of the springs have been carried out. The results of hydro-chemical and toxicological examination of 30 springs in West Kazakhstan are given in the article. A comparison of the springs parameters have been made. An estimate of the spring water chemistry formation is given in the article. The paper describes the content of cations and anions, heavy metals, oil products in hydro-geochemical samples of spring water in comparison with the sanitary standards and requirements to water quality. In some springs the MPC exceedance of cadmium and chromium has been revealed. The estimation of spring waters contamination by nitrates and the influence of various factors on its level has been accomplished. It was established that the low nitrates concentrations in water, which do not exceed the MPC are peculiar for majority of the studied springs. The “Risk factors” for the occurrence of nitrates in water are the close allocation of agricultural landscapes and the location of springs on the slopes of draws. The influence of anthropogenic factor on the condition of spring areas of the West Kazakhstan has been assessed. Three groups of springs have been distinguished according to the fracturing level of their natural state and to the character of anthropogenic impact.

[Akhmedenov K.M., Iskaliev D.Zh., Akhmedenova S.G. Factors of the Spring Waters Formation and the Evolution of Spring Areas of West Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):155-165]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.26

Keywords: Hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental-geochemical monitoring, natural groundwater outlets, spring, spring areas, debit, heavy metals, oil products, certification, ion composition, captureness, mineralization, anthropogenic stress.

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Irony on a plot level in the novel “Blue heat haze” by M. Magauin

Adilet Dybysovich Kabylov

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named Sh.Yessenov, Aktau, 32 district, 130000, Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract: By its nature, an irony is diverse and multifaceted from the substantive aspect. From this point of view, it requires complex mechanisms of analysis. The irony is not limited by the image of inappropriate situations of everyday life, it seeps into the deep bowels of the public and social life, and deeply brought together different doubts, with a huge power it covers the perennial problems of life and human nature. The article discusses the role of irony on a plot level in the novel “Blue heat haze” by eminent Kazakh writer M. Magauin. In aesthetics of the writer the "ironic consciousness" is rather prominent. It is presented to the world as a tool of the special relations with the grotesque and ironic pathos.

[Kabylov A.D. Irony on a plot level in the novel “Blue heat haze” by M. Magauin. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):166-169]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.27

Keywords: an irony, underlying message of the plot, an agonist, a contemporary prose, lyrical and philosophical movements, a plotline, an artistic method.

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Chronic Intoxication by Phosphorus Compounds: A Review of the Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Pernebekova Rakhat Karimbekovna, Ormanov Namazbaj Zhapparovich, Ormanova Ljazzat Namazbaevna, Zholymbekova Ljajla, Dzhakipbekova Galija Saparovna, Ormanov Talgat Namazbaevich, Shingisbaeva Zhadra Atirhanovna

South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Al-Farabi sq, 1, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan, 160000

Abstract: Chronic intoxication by phosphorus compounds is a polysyndrome condition characterized by a polymorphic and dynamic clinical picture; pathological changes in the body become more intense with increase in the duration of phosporus’s effect. In some cases, the condition can have a trend towards progressing after contact with phosphorus is interrupted. The main occupational pathology in those working with yellow phosphorus is the affection of the person’s organs and systems, mostly the liver. The treatment of this type of pathology is an issue that has not been completely resolved yet. Most of the preparations used today act just on the disorder’s symptomatics. In terms of the recently established leading role of disorders of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in the pathogenesis of phosphorus intoxication, which causes this system’s imbalance, the effect of national herbal preparations inclusive of sensitivity to xenobiotics on pathobiochemical processes has not been explored altogether.

[Pernebekova R.K., Ormanov N.Zh., Ormanova L.N., Zholymbekova L., Dzhakipbekova G.S., Ormanov T. N., Shingisbaeva Zh.A. Chronic Intoxication by Phosphorus Compounds: A Review of the Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):170-173]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.28

Keywords: chronic intoxication by phosphorus compounds, peroxidation of lipids, affection of organs.

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The historical aspect “The Great Game”: an example of Kazakhstan XVIII-XIX century

Gulmira Zholmagambetovna Sultangazy, Zhaslan Yeseevich Nurbaev, Lepuda Karimovna Mukataeva, Makhabbat Malikovna Kozybayeva, Ziaybek Ermukhanovich Kabuldinov, Kayarla Nazarbekovna Zhiyentayeva

Kazakh Humanitarian and Law University, Kazakhstan, 010000, Astana, Korgalzhyn, 8

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, 010000, Astana, Mirzoyan Street, 2.

Abstract: The article includes some issues relating to the contest between the Russian Empire and British Empire in XYII-XIX centuries that was known as a “The Great Game” in political science and history. The theme of historiography is mainly concentrated on contradictions between two countries within a special territory that includes Khiva, Bukhara Kokand, Afghanistan and excludes territories of Kazakh zhuz (a confederation or alliance of Kazakh nomads). At the same time the territory division occupied by the Kazakh clans is obviously important. The authors tried to show the role, place and involvement of the Kazakh clans into the competition between Russia and England during the mentioned period.

[Sultangazy G.Zh., Nurbaev Zh.Y., Mukataeva L.K., Kozybayeva M.M., Kabuldinov Z.E., Zhiyentayeva K.N. The historical aspect “The Great Game”: an example of Kazakhstan XVIII-XIX century. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):174-177]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.29

Keywords: The Great Game, policy in Central Asia, Russian Empire, British Empire.

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Illustrations Yevgenii Sidorkin to “KAZAKH NATIONAL GAMES

Marziya Zhumashkyzy Zhaksygarina

K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, Kazakhstan, 030000, Aktobe, Moldagulova Street, 34

Abstract: The article is devoted to the series of famous Kazakhstan graphic artist works of Sidorkin entitled “Kazakh National Games”. Methods of depicting national psychology of Kazakh people as excitement, will to victory, competition, risk, selflessness is the theme of study. Specific style of Sidorkin is based on the unity of symmetry, on the contrast of colors, distance and lines being the way to solve problems.

[Zhaksygarina M.Zh. Illustrations Yevgenii Sidorkin to “KAZAKH NATIONAL GAMES. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):178-182]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.30

Keywords: Sidorkin, graphics, linocut, Kazakh games, national psychology.

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Study of the Influence of Nitrogen-fixing Biological Products on the Yield of Grain Legumes of Northern Kazakhstan Used in the Food and Agricultural Sector

Botbayeva Z. T., Omaralieva A. M., Bektyrganova А. A., Safuani Z. E., Yserhanovna T. A.

Kazakh University of Technology аnd Business, Kazakhstan, 010000, Astana, prospectus of Republik, 54/1

Abstract. The article presents data on the development of a biological product, based on new strains of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of nodule bacteria of the Rhizobium genus, stimulating replenishment of biological nitrogen and soil nitrogen pool to increase the productivity of agricultural crops in Northern Kazakhstan. The experimental data are based on the use of obtained grain legumes, which are sources of vegetable protein and are able to solve the food problem, often help to improve the quality of products, as well as effect saving in raw materials, and give the products dietary and therapeutic targeting. 

[Botbayeva Z. T., Omaralieva A. M., Bektyrganova А. A., Safuani Z. E., Yserhanovna T. A. Study of the Influence of Nitrogen-fixing Biological Products on the Yield of Grain Legumes of Northern Kazakhstan Used in the Food and Agricultural Sector. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):183-189]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.31

Keywords: Legumen crops of edible Pisum sativum pea, nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum and their nitrogen-fixing properties, symbiosis, biological products.

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“FAUST” of Makum Kisamedinov: THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERPRETING GOETHE

Marziya Zhumashkyzy Zhaksygarina

K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, Kazakhstan, 030000, Aktobe, Moldagulova Street, 34

Abstract: The article is devoted to the series of Makum Kisamedinov illustrations of “Faust” Goethe. Though the illustration is secondary related to the original literature the Kazakh artist managed to bring an innovation to interpret the mastership of the world famous literature expressing it in etching. The article grounds originality of Kisamedinov method of philosophical decision of the world famous literature, synthesis of East and West.

[Zhaksygarina M.Zh. “FAUST” of Makum Kisamedinov: THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERPRETING GOETHE. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):190-193]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.32

Keywords: Makum Kisamedinov, graphic of graving, illustration, series, Faust, Goethe, East, West, Gredhen, Xyron, the European classical literature, the idea.

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Financial capital management in transnational corporations

Tleuova Dariga Ablayovna¹, Yestekova Gulzira Bulatovna²

¹International Academy of Business, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Rozybakiev street, 227

²Kazakh British Technical University, 050000, Almaty, Tole bi street 59

Abstract. Modern stage of modern economy development is characterized by progressing globalization, main forms of which are financial globalization, globalization of the activity of biggest transnational companies (TNC), intensification of world trade, regionalization of economic activity. TNC are driving force of globalization processes and the key stakeholder in it. Financial mechanism of the TNC management of and the role of TNC in the global capital turnover system are considered in the article. The authors consider the dynamics, structure and key indicators of international production of TNC. The scale of transnationalization of production and capital is analyzed on the base of FDI dynamics and the transnationality index. It was found that leading TNC of EAEC countries, in spite of intense development during last decades are still greatly inferior to TNC of developed countries by key parameters. It is emphasized that openness of the economies of EAEC countries creates favourable conditions for credit expansion of transnational capital effect of which is growth of external corporative debt. The article includes some recommendations how to form conditions that will attract big TNC not related to extracting sector of the economy of developing countries.

[Tleuova D.A., Yestekova G.B. Financial capital management in transnational corporations. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):194-198]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.33

Keywords: TNC, financial mechanism, financial globalization, FDI, transnationality index (TNI), credit expansion.

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Hierarchical Location Based Access Control & Delegation of Authority Model HLBAC-DOA

Waqar Ali, Fakhri Alam Khan

Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan

Waqar.ms08@gmail.com, fakhri.alam@imsciences.edu.pk

Abstract: Access control to organizational resources is the central gravity of computer security. It deals with the fact that how persons, processes and machines access different resources in the system with different authority of access rights. A lot of work is on the way in this area and different models are in research with innovative ideas and concepts. As evolution going on from single user to group of users in computing systems, there is a necessity to shield the user processes and data from one another. This paper addresses the issue of shielding user data and processes using user location in the hierarchical form and protects the user resources from each other in indoor environment. In our model, we also show how in emergency situation the user accesses others resources in the form of delegation of access rights and usage control on the usage of resources by the user. In this paper we propose a new model of access control that gives access to the user on the basis of user location with the feature of usage control and continues-ongoing condition during access using hierarchical format.

[Waqar Ali, Fakhri Alam Khan. Hierarchical Location Based Access Control & Delegation of Authority Model HLBAC-DOA. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):199-205]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.34

Keywords: Security, Access Control, Location, Zones, Delegation, Emergency, LRBAC, Usage Control

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Relationship between spirituality and mental illness

Mervat hosny shalaby and Sabah abo elfotoh Mohamed

Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Tanta University, Egypt

dr.sabah2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The concept of spirituality is inclusive and affects everybody. The aim of this research was Identify the relation between spirituality and mental health and illness and compare between level of spirituality in mentally ill patients and level of spirituality in mentally health persons. Methods: The study was conducted at Tanta Mental Health Hospital. The subjects of this study classified into two groups: group I consisted of 51psychotic patients and group II consisted of 60 people with positive mental health. The data collected by using spiritual Attitude Inventory (SAI) and Mental Health Self- Assessment Questionnaire. Results: the majority of group I patients 84% have high score and 91.67 of the group II fall in the same category with no statistically significant relation was found between group I and group II. There is a positive significance statistical correlation between duration of mental illness and high score of NRCOPE and EWBS Conclusion: both group I and group II have a high score of spiritual inventory attitude. These result reflect high religious, greater locus of control, greater existential well -being, and lower levels of negative religious coping between mentally ill patient and people with positive mental health.

 [Mervat hosny shalaby and Sabah Aboelfotoh Mohamed. Relationship between spirituality and mental illness. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):206-214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.35

Keywords: Religion, Spirituality, Mental health, mental illness.

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Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Biosynthesis, Benefits on Human Health and Contents in Milk and Milk Products

Hayam, M. Abbas; Nadia, M. Shahein; N.S. Abd Rabou; Jihan, M. Kassem and Y. B. Youssef

Dairy Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Corresponding author: prof.hayamabbas@yahoo.com

Abstract: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), this acid belongs to a family of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid. Unlike natural fatty acids, its double bonds are conjugated which is defined for the presence of alternating double-single-double bonds in the carbon structure. Dairy products are the major source of CLA. This review dealt with the presence and healthy benefit of CLA in milk and its dairy products.

[Hayam, M. Abbas; Nadia, M. Shahein; N.S.Abd_Rabou; Jihan, M. Kassem and Y. B. Youssef. Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Biosynthesis, Benefits on Human Health and Contents in Milk and Milk Products (A review) Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):215-227]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.36

Keywords: Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Human Health, Milk, Milk Products.

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Salivary Estriol and Progesterone Levels as Predictors of Spontaneous Preterm Labor in Pregnant Women at Risk

Hussein M.^1*, Magd El-Din M.¹, El-Sayed W²

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University

2 Research Fellow, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital

moh_marwa_omar@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the value of the salivary concentrations of estriol and progesterone as predictors of preterm labor in pregnant women at risk. Methods: The study included women with a singleton pregnancy, at 26 weeks’ gestation, presenting to the outpatient clinic for routine antenatal care, being at a high risk of preterm labor. The recruited women were instructed to collect 2-3 ml of saliva every week, starting from the gestation of recruitment (26 weeks) till delivery. Salivary samples were assayed for estriol and progesterone concentrations. Results: The mean age of included women was 28.9 ± 7.23 years (range: 18 – 40 years). The mean levels of salivary estriol, measured at 26-35 weeks’ gestation, were significantly higher in women of group I [Preterm Delivery Group] when compared to women of group II [Term Delivery Group]. On the contrary, the mean levels of salivary progesterone, measured at 26-35 weeks’ gestation, were significantly lower in women of group I [Preterm Delivery Group] when compared to women of group II [Term Delivery Group]. A salivary estriol level ≥ 2.7 ng/ml at 26-27 weeks’ gestation was associated with preterm labor with a sensitivity of 97.8%, a specificity of 71.1%, a positive predictive value [PPV] of 77.2%, and a negative predictive value [NPV] of 97%. A salivary progesterone level ≤ 1.6 ng/ml at 26-27 weeks’ gestation was associated with preterm labor with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97.8%, a PPV of 97.8%, and an NPV of 100%. Conclusion: Salivary estriol and progesterone concentrations seem to be significant predictors of spontaneous preterm labor in pregnant women at a high risk for preterm labor.

 [Hussein M, Magd El-Din M. and El-Sayed W. Salivary Estriol and Progesterone Levels as Predictors of Spontaneous Preterm Labor in Pregnant Women at Risk. Life Sci J 2014;11(2s):228-235] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.37

Key Words: Salivary estriol – salivary progesterone – preterm labor

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Learning Styles of Nursing Administration Students and Their Teaching Mode Efficiency

Abeer Abd El Fattah Abou Shousha¹; Reem Mabrouk Abd El Rahman²

¹Nursing Education Department, Faculty of Nursing - University of Damanhour

²Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing - University of Damanhour

abirshosha@yahoo.com; r_mabrouk@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Despite a significant amount of research focusing on learning styles in many disciplines of education, there is a limited amount on nursing education. The National League of Nursing core competencies recommended that educators should identify learning styles in nursing students. This will help in designing curricula, and adopting teaching methods needed for lifelong learning. Aim of the study: to examine the learning styles of nursing administration students and their teaching mode efficiency at Damanhour Faculty of Nursing. Material & methods: a comparative cross-sectional study design was adopted to carry out this study. The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing in Damanhour. Total sample was 353 nursing students registered at the course of nursing administration: 171 students at the third year, and 182 at the fourth year. Two tools were used to collect the necessary data, it consisted of three parts: VARK assessment sheet; Student's Feedback on Teaching Strategies instrument; and the demographic sheet. Data were analyzed using percentages, Pearson Chi-square, and Mont Carlo exact probability. Results: the findings of this study revealed that above half of the nursing administration students had a preferred one learning style; followed by the bimodal learning style. As for teaching mode, integration got the highest percentage compared to tutorial, practical and lecture modes. There was a statistically significant relationship between learning style and year of study; however, there was no statistical significant relationship between learning style and gender. In assessing the relationship between learning style and teaching mode, there was no significant relationship. Conclusion: with the rising demand for nurses, the need to retain the students in nursing programs is essential to meeting demand. Learning can be effective if teaching strategies enhance a student’s ability to learn, not hinder it. This challenge can become an opportunity to affect positive social change through the development of new educational strategies, increased nursing graduates, and a greater opportunity for nurse educators to meet the demands of an ever changing healthcare environment. Recommendations: educators should identify learning styles early upon admission into nursing programs through the administration of learning style inventories; and incorporate understanding of learning styles into retention strategies. The nurse educator should also investigate if there is an association in learning style and those students who are unsuccessful in the nursing program.

[Abeer Abd El Fattah Abou Shousha and Reem Mabrouk Abd El Rahman. Learning Styles of Nursing Administration Students and Their Teaching Mode Efficiency. Life Sci J 2014; 11(2s):236-245]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1102s14.38

Key words: learning styles, teaching mode, nursing administration students, VARK.

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