No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Association between Acid Suppressive Therapy and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Ascitic Cirrhotic Patients

Kaled Zaghlol¹, Nashwa Noreldin¹, Hesham Ahmed El-Sourogy² and Alaa Marei³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt

³ Resident in ElMahala Hospital

nashwanor@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is increased among ascitic cirrhotic patients due to bacterial translocation across the intestinal wall due to impaired small intestinal motility and increased permeability. Acid suppressive therapy (AST) suppresses secretion of gastric acid and hence predisposes to bacterial colonization, overgrowth and translocation. This study aimed to determine whether AST use in cirrhotics with ascites is associated with SBP. Methods: In this case-control study, data from 118 cirrhotic ascitic patients (50 with SBP and 68 free from SBP) were compared. Exclusion criteria included HIV infection, prior transplantation, peritoneal or hemodialysis. History of regular AST intake on daily basis for at least two weeks prior to admission was identified and those with justified indication were recorded. Demographic data, Child's class, model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) history of diabetes mellitus, associated melena, hematemesis or encephalopathy was recorded. Serum data between groups were compared and bacteriologic examination ascitic fluid in SBP patients was done using Gram stain. Statistical analysis was done to detect odds ratios (ORs) of association of AST use with occurrence of SBP. Results: Patients were matched regarding demographic characteristics and history. Patients with SBP showed significantly worse Child's class and MELD score, higher serum bilirubin, creatinine and INR whilst significantly lower serum sodium and albumin. Users of AST were significantly higher among patients with +ve SBP (37/50 and 20/68 respectively, P=0.006). Odds ratio was 6.83 (95% CI: 3.01, 15.50 P=0.0001). Conclusion: Odds of exposure to SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites is increased among AST users

[Kaled Zaghlol, Nashwa Noreldin, Hesham Ahmed El-Sourogy and Alaa Marei. Association between Acid Suppressive Therapy and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Ascitic Cirrhotic Patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):1-5]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.01

Key words: Acid suppression, ascites, Cirrhosis, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Full Text

1

2

Effects of Fish Meal Replacement with Soybean Meal and Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) on Growth, Feed Utilization, Histopathological Changes and Blood parameters

Manal M.A. Mahmoud¹; Omnia E. Kilany² And Amina A. Dessouki³

¹ Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; ² Clinical Pathology and ³ Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. manalmoh@hotmail.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of commercially prepared exogenous multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance, histopathological changes, and some blood parameters in Nile tilapia fed soybean meal plant-based diets. 180 fish were divided into 3 triplicate groups. The diets (T1 control diet with fish meal, and T2) were formulated to supply 32% crude protein and 3000 kcal digestible energy/kg diet. T3 was formulated to supply 32% crude protein and 2760 kcal digestible energy/kg diet. The used commercial enzyme complexes Pan Zyme and Phytase-plus broiler 500 were added to diets T2 and T3 without addition of fish meal. At the end of the 83-day experiment, four fish from each aquarium were individually weighed, sacrificed, blood samples were collected. Liver, kidney spleen and intestine samples were taken for histological examination. The best overall growth response was significantly obtained in tilapia fed the control diet. There were no significant differences between different groups in case of liver enzymes measurements, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine and thyroxine. On the other hand, glucose revealed significant decrease in both groups T2 and T3. Triiodothyronine showed significant decrease in group T2 then group T3. The histopthological picture of fish at T2 and T3 showed mild to moderate enteritis. The negative effect of soybean meal on growth could be mainly explained by a general decline in feed intake combined with reduced nutrient availability that may be caused by SBM-induced enteritis. Enzymes addition could not prevent the growth retardation caused by total fish meal replacement.

[Manal M.A. Mahmoud; Omnia E. Kilany And Amina A. Dessouki. Effects of Fish Meal Replacement with Soybean Meal and Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) on Growth, Feed Utilization, Histopathological Changes and Blood parameters. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):6-18]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.02

Keywords: fish meal, soybean meal, enzymes, Nile tilapia

Full Text

2

3

Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Altitude Juniperus Trees and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Youssuf A. Gherbawy ^1,2* and Hesham M. Elhariry^1,3

¹High Altitude Research Center (HARC), Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

²Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

³Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, POB 68- Hadayek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, Egypt

youssufgherbawy@yahoo.com, hesham_elhariry@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fungal endophytes were isolated from twigs of Juniperus procera (Cupressaceae) collected from Taif region, Saudi Arabia). Twenty six different taxa were recovered. The overall foliar colonization rate was 36%. A total of 144 isolates were obtained and identified into 6 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on the sequencing of the ITS regions of the rRNA gene. The most prevalent fungi were Aspergillus fumigates, Penicillium oxalicum, Preussia sp., Peyronellaea eucalyptica, Peyronellaea sancta and Alternaria tenuissima. A total of 144 isolates were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Fusarium solani 52 isolates showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the tested microbes. Aspergillus fumigates (7 isolates), Hypocrea lutea (4), Penicillium oxalicum (10) and Preussia sp. (5) presented the strongest antimicrobial activity. This study confirmed the variation of different isolates of the same species in the term of antibacterial activity. Also, it indicates that the endophytic fungi of Juniperus procera plants should be another potential source of bioactive antimicrobial agents.

[Youssuf A. Gherbawy and Hesham M. Elhariry. Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Altitude Juniperus Trees and Their Antimicrobial Activities. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):19-30]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.03

Keywords: : Ascomycota; fungal ITS; phylogeny; Saudi Arabia

Full Text

3

4

Organizational Commitment and Work Satisfaction among Jordanian Nurses: A Comparative Study

Ali M. Saleh, Muhammad W. Darawad, Mahmoud Al-Hussami

Faculty of Nursing - The University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan

a_saleh@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: In Jordan as in many other countries, the administration of healthcare services is a challenge. The variables of nurses’ organizational commitment and work satisfaction are not well studied among Jordanian nurses. However, exploring those variables would improve the quality of healthcare services. Comparative cross sectional descriptive design was used to explore Jordanian registered nurses' organizational commitment and work satisfaction, and to compare those variables between nurses in ICUs and regular medical-surgical floors. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short-form were used to measure nurses’ organizational commitment and nurses’ work satisfaction respectively. 210 registered nurses were selected from 8 Jordanian hospitals who met the eligibility criteria. A stratified randomized selection procedure was used for hospital selection. The findings of the study showed that ward nurses reported higher levels of organizational commitment and work satisfaction than unit nurses. In regards to organizational commitment subscales, significant differences were found in affective and continuous commitments. Also, significant differences between the two groups were found in subscales of work satisfaction including social services, moral values, recognition, responsibility, supervision/human relations, and supervision/technical. This study found that ICU is a stressful work setting for nurses who reported lower satisfaction and commitment. Findings of this study support the need for healthcare administrators to focus more on the ICU to make them more appealing for the nurses.

[Saleh AM, Darawad MW, Al-Hussami M. Organizational Commitment and Work Satisfaction among Jordanian Nurses: A Comparative Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):31-36]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.04

Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Work Satisfaction, Nurses, Jordan.

Full Text

4

5

Incidence and Types of Herbal Remedies as a Cause of Bowel Perforation 

Saleh M. Aldaqal¹ and Meiaad F. Khayat²

¹Associate Professor and Consultant of General and Laparoscopic Surgery (France)

 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,  King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

²Demonstrator of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (Rabigh Branch),

King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

sdaqal@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To study the incidence and types of herbal remedies as a cause of bowel perforation. Method: This is a retrospective review of all patients who were diagnosed with bowel perforation at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between January 2005 and November 2013. The patients’ medical records were reviewed for demographic data, causes of the bowel perforation, types of foreign bodies if any, clinical picture and management. The data were entered and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA), version 20.00. Results: Total of 36 cases of bowel perforation, 20 were males (55.6%) and 16 were females (44.4%). The mean age was 45.17±15.95 years old (range 13-85). The most common cause of bowel perforation was foreign body ingestion as it was found in 13 patients (36.1%); it was followed by intestinal obstruction in 6 patients (16.8%), diverticular disease in 5 patients (14.0%), iatrogenic in 4 patients (11.1%), Crohn’s disease in 3 patients, blunt injury in also 3 patients (8.3%), and the least common cause was malignancy in 2 patients (5.6%). The most common foreign body was herbal remedies in 8 patients (22.3%); Ginger in 4 patients (11.1%); Anise in 2 patients (5.6%);Ginseng in 1 patients (2.8%) and Liquoric in1 patient (2.8%).There was no association between age nor gender and bowel perforation secondary to herbal remedies ingestion (p-value = 0.1).Other foreign bodies were fish bones in 3 patients (8.4%), chicken bone in 1 patient and plastic piece in 1 patient (2.8%).Conclusion: Herbal remedies ingestion formed 22.3% of our bowel perforation cases. Ginger was the most common herb. At national level, patient’s education about complications of herbal remedies ingestion and risks of bowel perforation is needed to increase the community awareness regarding this problem and take the proper precautions before taking such remedies in order to avoid bowel perforation.

[Saleh M. Aldaqal, and Meiaad F. Khayat. Incidence and Types of Herbal Remedies as a Cause of Bowel Perforation. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):37-40]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.05

Full Text

5

6

Effect of Nursing guidelines to reduce Complications of Acetate and Bicarbonate Solutions during Hemodialysis among Acute Renal Failure Patients, Assuit University Hospital

Naglaa Elrashedy¹, Warda Mohammed ², Mona Mohammed*¹, Mervat Abdel-Aziz¹ and Maher Abd El Naser³.

¹Department Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University

²Department of Critical Care & Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University

³Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University

*E-mail: mona.ali77@yahoo.com

Abstract: Critically ill patients with acute renal failure who receiving the dialysis therapy were suffered from many complication: dialysate during hemodialysis session. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the effect of nursing guidelines for Complications of acetate and bicarbonate Solutions during hemodialysis among acute renal failure patients, Assuit University Hospital. Design: Quasi experimental design. Setting: This study was carried out at hemodialysis unit, ICUs Assuit University Hospital. Subjects: Sixty adult male and female critically ill patients with acute renal failure who are admitted to hemodialysis unit. Tools: Two tools were developed by the researcher and used in this study which are; tool I: Personal and medical data sheet and hemodialysis, tool II: Hemodialysis complications assessment sheet. Methods: Interview, observation and reviewing patient`s records where utilized to collect data pertinent to the study. Each patient was monitored closely and give nursing care for ten minutes before connection, during the dialysis session and ten minutes after disconnection from dialysis machine three times per week for two successive weeks. Results: The acetate groups had experienced many complications rather than bicarbonate. There was a significant statistical difference between both groups with (p value=0.001). The complications developed where, hypotension, chest pain, dysrhythmia, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, pruritus. Conclusion: Nursing care reduces complications for both groups acetate and bicarbonate dialysis documented lesser complications in bicarbonate than acetate group. Recommendation: Replication of this research on a larger probability sample acquired from different geographical areas in the Arab republic of Egypt.

[Naglaa Elrashedy, Warda Mohammed, Mona Mohammed, Mervat Abdel-Aziz and Maher Abd El Naser. Effect of Nursing guidelines to reduce Complications of Acetate and Bicarbonate Solutions during Hemodialysis among Acute Renal Failure Patients, Assuit University Hospital. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):41-54]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.06

Key words: complications, acetate solution, bicarbonate solutions, hemodialysis and acute renal failure patients

Full Text

6

7

Intra-articular Injectionof Autologous Fat Micro-graft for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Preliminary Experience

Sabah S. Moshref¹ MBBS, FRCSI;Abdullah M. Kaki,²MBBS, FRCPC; Amro M. Al-Hibshi,³MBChB, FRCSCYasir S. Jamal,⁴M.B.B.CH, FRCSI

¹Professor of Plastic Surgery and Consultant, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.

²Associate Professor and Consultant, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.

³Assistant Professor and Consultant, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.

⁴Professor of Plastic and Pediatric Surgery and Consultant, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University

dr.sabahmoshref@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: Main manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) are pain and joint stiffness. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of intra-articular fat micrograft injection on Knee OA pain, stiffness and physical function After confirming the safety of the intra-articular injection of the fat micro graft in our previous animal model experiment. Methods: The study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from May 2012 to Aug 2013. Ten adult patients with severe knee OA changes were enrolled. Liposuction was performed to collect fat micrograft. 20 ml of autologous fat micrograft were injected intra-articularly in the affected knee. Results: Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) values were significantly higher in pre versus post-injection both during rest (5.50±1.65 vs 1.10±0.57, P<0.004) and with activity (7.70±1.89 vs 2.20±0.63, P<0.005) which reflected a highly significant improvement in OA pain. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) before and after intra-articular fat micro-graft injection. The three domains of WOMAC index: pain, stiffness and physical function were significantly lower in the post intra-articular fat injection period compared to the pre-injection values. The total score of WOMAC test and its percentage was significantly lower in the post intra-articular fat injection period compared to the pre-injection values (22.30±9.91 versus 73.40±9.50, P<0.005; 23.23±10.32 versus 76.46±9.90, P<0.005). Conclusion: the preliminary findings support the injection of autologous fat micrograft as an effective and safe method for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism of action and the persistence of effect.

[Sabah S. Moshref, Abdullah M. Kaki, Amro M. Al-Hibshiand Yasir S. Jamal. Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Fat Micro-graft for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Preliminary Experience. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):55-60]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.07

Key words: Pain, Intra-articular injection, Osteoarthritis, Fat micro-graft, Knee

Full Text

7

8

Optimization and Statistical Evaluation of Copper and Nickel Biosorption Capabilities by Dry Biomass of Penicillium oxalicum JQ624873

Rania M.A. Abedin

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.

rania.abedin@gmail.com

Abstract: Heavy metal resistant fungus was tested to evaluate its applicability for heavy metal biosorption. A screening experiment revealed that Penicillium oxalicum JQ624873 was resistant to CuSO₄, NiCl₂ and PbSO₄. It showed efficient biosorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) using either alive (59 % and 55 %, respectively) or dead biomass (48 % or 47 % respectively) at 30°C for 72 h at pH (4-4.2). Biosorption was highly depended on pH and maximum biosorption of Cu(II) (65%) and Ni(II) (60%) were obtained at pH 5. Plackett-Burman design was applied to optimize biosorption conditions. The increase in Ni(II) biosorption was mainly affected by time of incubation, washing of cells and temperature. The increase in Cu(II) biosorption was mainly affected by washing of cells, mixing speed and metal concentration. After optimization, biosorption efficiency of Ni(II) and Cu(II) increased up to 80 % and 94 % respectively.

[Rania M.A. Abedin. Optimization and Statistical Evaluation of Copper and Nickel Biosorption Capabilities by Dry Biomass of Penicillium oxalicum JQ624873. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):61-67]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.08

Key words: Penicillium oxalicum JQ624873, copper biosorption, nickel biosorption, Dry Biomass, Plackett-Burman.

Full Text

8

9

Effect of Ozonation Treatment on Methomyl, Oxamyl and Carbosulfan Residues Removal in Tomato Juice

Maher Mahmoud Al-Dabbas ¹ , Asma Mohammed Shaderma ², Tawfiq Mustafa Al- Antary³

^1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan

^2. Ministry of Agriculture, Amman,  Jordan

^3. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, The University of Jordan, Amman-Jordan

m.aldabbas@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: The effect of ozonation treatment for 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min at concentration of 0.4 ppm on methomyl, oxamyl and carbosulfan pesticides residues removal in spiked tomato juice was studied. In our previous work on monitoring of carbamate pesticides residues in tomato juice, we found that methomyl residues was the most prominent residues, while oxamyl and carbosulfan residues were not detected in any of the studied tomato juice samples. Ozonation of spiked tomato juice samples at different concentration levels of methomyl, oxamyl and carbosulfan was found to be an effective treatment in removal of carbamate pesticides residues. Complete removal of carbosulfan and oxamyl pesticide from spiked tomato juice was achieved after 15 and 30 min of ozonation, respectively, regardless of the spiked concentrations studied. Removal percentage of methomyl, oxamyl and carbosulfan pesticide residues from spiked tomato juice samples was highly affected by residues initial concentration and ozonation time.

[Al-Dabbas MM, Shaderma A, Al-Antary T. Effect of Ozonation Treatment on Methomyl, Oxamyl and Carbosulfan Residues Removal in Tomato Juice. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):68-73]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.09

Keywords: Tomato juice; ozonation; GC-NPD; pesticide residues; methomyl; oxamyl; carbosulfan; carbamates

Full Text

9

10

Modern concept of labour redundancy in region: essence, factors and forms

Madina Beisenova, Gulnara Moldogaziyeva, Marzhan Kalmenova

M. Auyezov South Kazakhstan State university, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan

E-mail: beibita@mail.ru

Abstract: Formation and development of labor market is a result of macroeconomic processes and the changes which happening in economic, demographic, migration, industrial, agrarian, investment and social policy of the state. Formation of the labour market in the regions with labour redundancy is result from its imbalance of supply and demand as on the both by quantity, and quality of labour. This is connect with human resources and social- economic problems. All this leads to that the main weight on regulation of employment moves to regions where it is necessary to resolve directly issues on support of temporarily unemployed, to regulation of release of workers, to realize programs for preservation and creation of workplaces, professional training and retraining of human resources

[Madina Beisenova, Gulnara Moldogaziyeva, Marzhan Kalmenova. Modern concept of labour redundancy in region: essence, factors and forms. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):74-81]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.10

Keywords: labor market, labour redundancy, unemployment

Full Text

10

11

Role of Clinical Pharmacist on Optimizing Sedatives and Anticholinergics Medication Therapy on Hospitalized Geriatric Patients

Hanin Bogari

Hanin Bogari, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

bogari_h@hotmail.com

Abstract: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is a significant problem in the elderly and it is associated with poor outcomes. Pharmacist intervention has been utilized to minimize and reduce the number of unnecessary and potentially harmful medications in the elderly. The objective of this study is to determine how a clinical pharmacist review and patient counseling impact the optimization of quality of care in elderly hospitalized patients. The study was conducted at Saint Elizabeth's Medical Center in Boston, United States. Geriatric patients 65 years and older were screened by electronic medical record being on sedatives and anticholinergic medications categorized into two groups (retrospective and prospective). Retrospectively, a total of 806 patients were on sedatives and anticholinergic medications over 3 months period, 208 patients were included for data analysis. Prospectively, 591 were on sedatives and anticholinergic medications over two months period, 40 patients were randomly  identified for discharge counseling and follow-up phone calls. The results showed an average length of hospital stay of 4.60 days retrospectively and 4.55 days prospectively. Number of readmissions within 30 days of discharge was 36 (17%) retrospectively and 8 patients (20%) prospectively. The average drug burden index (DBI) for retrospective subset eligible for DBI calculation (n=43) was 0.69 (0.2-1.47), and for prospective subset (n=13) was 0.54 (0.33-1.3). Higher average DBIs were recorded in readmitted groups, for retrospective subset (n=36) was 0.76 (0.5-1.47), and for prospective subset (n=8) was 0.71 (0.33-1.3). In conclusion, targeting patients with high DBI is a potential for pharmacist interventions and discharge counseling. In addition, involving pharmacists in reviewing geriatric patients medications during their hospital stay may reduce polypharmacy.

[Bogari H. Role of Clinical Pharmacist on Optimizing Sedatives and Anticholinergics Medication Therapy on Hospitalized Geriatric Patients. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):82-85]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.11

Keywords: Elderly; drug burden index; sedatives; anticholinergics; pharmacist; polypharmacy.

Full Text

11

12

PM₁₀ prediction using Genetic Programming: A Case Study in Salt, Jordan

Hossam Faris¹, Mouhammd Alkasassbeh ², Nazeeh Ghatasheh ³, Osama Harfoushi¹

^1. King Abdulla II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

^2. Computer Science Department, Mutah University, Jordan

^3. Department of Business Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan

hossam.faris@ju.edu.jo

Abstract: Monitoring and controlling air pollutants have been one of the main environmental concerns so far. Such concerns are highly emphasized and monitored in large cities all over the world by air quality management systems. The various polluting emissions transported by atmospheric air affect the living bodies, including the human’s health, wild life, and plants. Nation wise, air pollution negatively imposes economic effects. Regularity boards, usually governmental, induce actions to reduce air pollution levels in the industrial regions; by limiting certain emission amounts and imposing air quality standards. This paper aims to put in hand a symbolic regression prediction model based on the genetic programming algorithm. The main objective of the prediction model is to predict the Particulate Matters (PM₁₀) near Salt City, Jordan. This study analyzes the recordings of five monitoring stations around Al-Fuhais cement plant between the years 2006 and 2007. The incorporated and measured meteorological input variables are the Relative Humidity, Atmospheric Temperature and Wind Speed. The results of the current study prove that genetic programming technique can performs better than other approaches tackling the same issue.

[Hossam Faris, Mouhammd Alkasassbeh, Nazeeh Ghatasheh, Osama Harfoushi. PM₁₀ prediction using Genetic Programming: A Case Study in Salt, Jordan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):86-92]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.12

Keywords: Air pollution; PM₁₀; Genetic Programming

Full Text

12

13

Social Phobia among university students in Jordan

¹Radwan Bani Mustafa, ²Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, ³Jameel Khaleel Hijazeen, ⁴Hossam Saher Abed, ⁵Fadi Walid Abdallah, ⁶Hibatullah Mohammad Abu El Haija, ⁷Hanan Omari

¹Internal Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan

²Department of Community Health Nursing, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, 11514, Saudi Arabia, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan

^3,4,5Intern, Ministry of Health, Jordan

⁶Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan

⁷German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ)

Amman, Jordan. Tel: 00962-795485536; Email: radwanb9@gamil.com

Abstract: Social phobia is one of the most common anxiety disorders that may disable individuals if not treated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social phobia among university students in Jordan, and to examine its relationship demographic and personal characteristics. This is a descriptive correlational study. A convenience sample of 1659 university students enrolled in two private and two governmental universities in Jordan filled and returned a self-administered questionnaire. Data collected in regards to social phobia and its associated features. The analysis of data revealed that 220(13.3%) had history of childhood abuse, 825(49.8) had stressful life event over the last year, 120(7.3%) current alcohol users. the majority of university students had no symptoms at all (72.1%, n = 1196), while mild symptoms found among 18.9% (n = 313), and those with severe to very severe represented 2.3% (n = 38). Using 19 as the adult cutoff score for social phobia suggested by (Connor et al, 2000), 30.6% (n = 508) of the students are considered suffering from social phobia. There was no difference between in the total SPIN value among male and female students, however male students avoided performance in social situation more than female students (M=6.9 compared to M= 6.3). Social phobia was prevalent among university students in Jordan. Age, gender and substance use are factors that contribute to high level of social phobia. Mental health professionals need to enhance u psychological wellbeing of university- aged individuals

[ Radwan Bani Mustafa, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, Jameel Khaleel Hijazeen, Hossam Saher Abed, Fadi Walid Abdallah, Hibatullah Mohammad Abu El Haija, Hanan Omari. Social Phobia among university students in Jordan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):93-98]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.13

Keywords: Social Phobia, University Students, Jordan

Full Text

13

14

Effect Of Fungicides In Controlling Root Rot (Fusarium Solani) Of Chickpea

M. G. Morshed¹, M. A. Kashem², I. Hossain¹, M.Y. Rafii^3,4 and M.A. Latif^4,5

¹Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

² Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

³Institute of Tropical Agriculture (ITA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Corresponding address: alatif1965@yahoo.com; mrafii@upm.edu.my

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in the field of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agency sub-station, Ishurdi to determine the effect of different fungicides in controlling root rot of chickpea. Germination of chickpea were increased by treating seeds with secure 600WG (48.62%) followed by provax 200WP (44.38%) over control. Pre-emergence death of chickpea decreased up to 30.42% by treating seeds with secure 600WG over control. The lowest disease incidence (8.68%) was found in secure. Secure 600WG treating seeds decreased disease incidence 70.05% followed by Bavistin 68.57% over control. Seed treated with Secure 600WG and Bavistin increased plant stand by 28.56% and 27.97%, respectively over control. Maximum shoot length (11.78%) was found when seeds were treated with Secure 600WG, while maximum root length (21.80%) was recorded when seeds were treated with Provex 200WP over control. Seeds treated with Secure 600WG, Provex 200WP and Bavistin increased vigour index up to 66.94%, 63.28% and 56.68% over control. Seed treated with Secure 600WG resulted highest fresh weight of biomass (3031) which was 82.32% higher over control. Seeds treated with Secure 600WG also resulted highest grain yield (192.1g/m²) which was 81.50% higher over control.

[M. G. Morshed, M. A. Kashem, I. Hossain, M.Y. Rafii and M.A. Latif . Effect Of Fungicides In Controlling Root Rot (Fusarium Solani) Of Chickpea. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):99-102]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.14

Keywords: Chickpea; management; root rot; pesticides

Full Text

14

15

Spirometric indices and respiratory symptoms in welders

Ali Meshkinian*, Ramazan Mirzaei, AliReza Ansari Moghadam

Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran

*Corresponding author: meshkinian@hotmail.com

Abstract: Welders comprise one percent of the total workforce in industrialized countries. Since inhaled welding contaminants are accompanied by respiratory and non-respiratory effects, this study was conducted to determine Spiro metric indices and respiratory symptoms in welders exposed to contaminants in Zahedan. In this cohort study conducted on welders in Zahedan’s industrial park, first, level of exposure to welding fumes was assessed using NIOSH organization standards, and then, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function disorders among 250 male workers (140 exposed, 110 case group) were studied using the localized American Lung Association questionnaire and spirometer. The data were analyzed using student t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test, and linear multivariate regression model. The exposed mean fume concentrations were 8.13 mg/m³, which were more than the recommended allowable threshold of 5 mg/m³ (ACGIH). The results showed that there was a significant difference in respiratory symptoms between exposed and non-exposed groups (P<0.05) in favor of the exposed group. Also, many of the pulmonary function parameters were significantly less in the exposed group compared to the case group, and there was a significant correlation between FEV1 and FEV1/FVC results in these people according to age, work history, smoking, respiratory disorders, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between exposure to welding fumes and pulmonary function disorders.

[Ali Meshkinian, Ramazan Mirzaei. AliReza Ansari Moghadam. Spiro metric indices and respiratory symptoms in welders. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):103-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.15

Keywords: spirometry, fume, respiratory symptoms, welding

Full Text

15

16

Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Irrigation Level Treatments

Mahmoud Wahb-Allah^1,2, Hesham Abdel-Razzak^1,2*, Abdullah Alsadon¹, Abdullah Ibrahim¹

¹Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

²Vegetable Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

heshamsaleh@hotmail.com

Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was performed through 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons to compare the response of tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different irrigation water levels. Plants was inoculated with a fungus Glomus deserticola and subjected to four irrigation levels; IL1 (40%), IL2 (60 %), IL3 (80%) and IL4 (100%, a control treatment) based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Plant growth traits, fruit traits, total fruit yield and fruit quality (vitamin C, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and total sugars), as well water use efficiency were evaluated. Plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights of tomato plant parts and leaf area decreased significantly with increasing lower level of irrigation. Plant growth, fruit traits and total fruit yield were superior when water application was in the range of 80-100% ETc. In contrast, fruit quality and water use efficiency tended to increase with a decreased irrigation water level, with the highest values were recorded under water stress (40% ETc). It can be concluded that the +AMF plants with 80% ETc of water requirement were favorable for greenhouse tomato production. This treatment resulted in around 20% saving of water requirements and led to 5.28-6.89% yield increase as compared with the control treatment.

[Wahb-Allah M, Abdel-Razzak H, Alsadon A, Ibrahim A. Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Irrigation Level Treatments. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):109-117]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.16

Keywords: Tomato; mycorrhizal fungi; water stress; fruit traits; yield reduction

Full Text

16

17

Growth, Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted Tomato Plants Grown in Greenhouse under Different Irrigation Levels

Abdullah Ibrahim¹, Mahmoud Wahb-Allah^1,2, Hesham Abdel-Razzak^1,2, Abdullah Alsadon^1*

¹Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

alsadon@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: Grafting and proper irrigation managements are becoming valuable practices for optimum growth and yield of vegetables. Tube grafting treatments were applied for 'Faridah' grafted onto 'Unifort'. Irrigation level treatments included 40, 60, 80 and 100% (control treatment) based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Grafted plants were more vigorous (taller stem, higher leaf area, heavier vine fresh and dry weights) than un-grafted plants. The total yield was higher by 11.90-12.41% in grafted than un-grafted plants. Fruit quality: vitamin C, titratable acidity and total sugars were better in fruits of grafted than in un-grafted. The highest irrigation level (100% ETc) generated superior vegetative growth with more fruit yield production. On the other hand, water stress treatment (40% ETc) decreased yield production while, it improved fruit quality (vitamin. C, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and total sugars). Grafted plants under lower water level (WL1) enhanced vitamin C and titratable acidity. Water use efficiency increased in grafted plants under lower water level. Grafted plants under a moderate water level (80% ETc) resulted in 16.7% saving in irrigation water, with only slight reduction in yield (0.7-1.3%). Therefore, it can be concluded that grafting is beneficial alternative method for tomato production and conserving water under greenhouse conditions.

[Ibrahim A, Wahb-Allah M, Abdel-Razzak H, Alsadon A. Growth, Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted Tomato Plants Grown in Greenhouse under Different Irrigation Levels. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):118-126]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.17

Keywords: Grafting tomato; Faridah scion; Unifort rootstock; water stress; fruit weight; vitamin C

Full Text

17

18

Evaluation Of Amniotic Fluid Volume In Diabetc Pregnant Women Using Ultrasonography

Mohamed Adam^1,3, Jumaa Yousif Tamboul^2,4, Mohamed Yousef^2,4, Moaz Adam^3, Abdelmoneim Sulieman,^4,5

¹Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences Radiological Science Department, King Khalid University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia P.O. Box:61481, Abha

²College of Applied Sciences, Taibah University. P.O. Box 30001, Almadinah Almunawarah, KSA

³Alzaeim Alazhari University, Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging. P.O. Box 1432 Khartoum Bahri 13311-Sudan

⁴College of Medical Radiologic Science Sudan University of Science and Technology P. O. Box 1908, Khartoum, Sudan

⁵College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia,

mohnajwan@gmail.com

Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess and evaluate amniotic fluid volume in diabetic pregnant women in second and third trimester using ultrasonography. Also to determine the value of amniotic fluid volume in diabetic pregnant women and its incidence of polyhydramnios and oligohyramnios and determine the reasons of them in Sudan and its relationship with diabetes mellitus. The study depends on the international protocols in obstetrical scanning through which the data was collected on configuration of easy questionnaire?. The data was collected within the period from 18 March 2012 to 13 November 2012. This study included 100 pregnant diabetic women from different diagnostic hospitals and centers in Khartoum state. The study depends on the large single vertical deepest pocket. Most Sudanese population has abnormal incidence of polyhydramnois with the normal maximum vertical pocket ranging between 2 to 8 cm. Abnormally increase in amniotic fluid volume (AFV) polyhydramnios represent (56%) of sample size. Normal amniotic fluid volume (AFV) represent (41%) of sample size. Abnormal decrease in amniotic fluid volume (AFV) oligohydramnios represent (3%) of sample size. It is recommended to train health care providers in obstetric to measure amniotic fluid volume for early diagnosis to any abnormality (polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios) that may affect either the fetus or the pregnant diabetic women and to treat it early. It is recommended to facilitate availability of ultrasound machine in every hospital and medical health centers. It is recommended that other factors, which can affect the accuracy of amniotic fluid volume and contribute to differences should be evaluated in further studies.

[Adam M, Jumaa. Y. T, Mohamed Y, Adam M, Sulieman A. Evaluation of amniotic fluid volume in diabetc pregnant women. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):127-130]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.18

Keywords: Amniotic, Fluid, Volume,Diabetc,Pregnant ,Women, Ultrasound

Full Text

18

19

The Relationship between Radiation Backgrounds and Concentration of Elements in Ore (in Northern Sudan)

Magdi. Hasan. Saad^1,3, Jumaa. Yousif. Tamboul^2,4, Mohamed Yousef^2,4

¹ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University - Yanbu branch -Yanbu, KSA.

² Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Fax: 00966 8475790 P.O: 30001 Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA.

³ Physics department, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology. Khartoum, Sudan

⁴ College of Medical Radiologic Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology P. O. Box 1908, Khartoum, Sudan.

E-mail: mohnajwan@gmail.com

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to find the relationship between radioactivity (radiation background) and the concentration percentage of the chemical element found in the soil. This study included some plant and soil samples taken from the study area in north Sudan and some other samples from another area, chosen as a reference area, and this area is Tuti Island (in central of Khartoum) during summer times of the year 2007.These samples were analyzed using XRF in order to determinate the elements and the concentration of these elements in the samples. A radioactivity survey was also made for the two areas (i.e. the study & reference area) using GM counter, where the readings taken from the study area were found to be higher than the other area. A comparison of the elements and their concentration were also made in the two areas. The results concerning most of the soil samples used in this work showed that (Ti) is the element of the highest concentration with percentage ranging between 575820.65 ppm and 2430189.58 ppm. In the other hand, the elements of the lowest concentration were Br, Y and Pb; with concentrations of 37.27 ppm, 125 ppm and 149.45 ppm respectively. The results that concerns the plant samples showed that the element found as a common, and its concentration was the same in the two areas. The only difference was in the lowest concentration elements such as Ca, Fe, and K with concentrations of 132685.71 ppm, 303417.72 ppm and 25696.20 ppm respectively.The results of the present study were subsequently compared with international and national recommended values.

[Saad MH., Tamboul J, Yousef M. The Relationship between Radiation Backgrounds and Concentration of Elements in Ore (in Northern Sudan). Life Sci J 2014;11(2):131-133]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.19

Keywords: Radiation Background, Concentration, Element, Northern Sudan, Natural radioactivity, Ore

Full Text

19

20

Natural killer cells, Macrophages and Inflammatory Chemokines in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Immunohistochemical Study

Tarek A Atia¹ and Mohamed Abd Elzaher²

¹College of Applied Medical Sciences, Salman Bin Abdel Aziz University, KSA; and working at Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology Department; Cairo, Egypt

²Faculty of Medicine, Salman Bin Abdel Aziz University, KSA; and working at Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Cairo, Egypt

tarekatiah82@hotmail.com, t.mohamed@sau.edu.sa

Abstract: Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common pregnancy complication and is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancies loss before the 20^th week of gestation. Immunological factors are believed to be a major cause in RPL, where natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages have a crucial role. Their presence in the endometrium at the perigestational period suggests their role in implantation, pregnancy continuation and/or complications. Objective: To study the changes of the placental/decidual immune cells in relation to RPL. Material and Methods: Placental/decidual samples were collected from 50 cases with RPL (study group) and from another 50 cases with sporadic abortion (control group). Samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and prepared for sections stained with markers for decidual natural killer (dNK) cells CD56, decidual macrophages (dM) CD68, and chemokines (CCL3 and CXCL12). Expression of these markers was detected by using the peroxidase labeled avidin-biotin method. Result: Our result indicated that the number of CD56 immunopositive dNK cells was increased significantly in cases of RPL (154.80 ± 81.158) compared to those of sporadic abortion (36.80 ± 16.604), P= 0009. In contrast, the optical density of the CD56+ NK cells showed no significant difference between RPL cases (0.527059632 ±0.112194276) compared to sporadic abortion cases (0.4786766 ± 0.17088177), P= 0.117. Additionally, the number of decidual CD68 immunopositive macrophages was increased significantly in cases of RPL (506.20 ± 260.522) compared to those of sporadic abortion (150.40 ± 8.532), P= 0.009. While, the optical density of the CD68+ macrophages showed no significant difference between RPL cases (0.4614744 ± 0.12156944) compared to those of sporadic abortion cases (0.4549126 ± 0.108159912). On the other hand, the number and optical density of CCL3 and CXCL12 immunopositive cells showed no difference between the two study groups. Conclusion: Decidual natural killer cells and macrophages have a crucial role in pregnancy continuation. However, great increase in their number could affect the pregnancy outcome, by unclear mechanism\s leading to RPL.

[Tarek A Atia and Mohamed Abd Elzaher. Natural killer cells, Macrophages and Inflammatory Chemokines in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Immunohistochemical Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):134-142]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.20

Key words: RPL, NK cells, decidual macrophages, chemokines, immunohistochemistry

Full Text

20

21

Social Customer Relation Management for Tourism in Saudi Arabia: A Case study

Fatimah Ayidh Alqahtani¹ and Tanzila Saba^2*

¹College of Engineering and Computer Sciences Salman bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj KSA

² Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

^*Contact author E-mail: tanzilasaba@yahoo.com

Abstract: In spite of the commitment of huge resources and the restructuring of the tourism sector by the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the development of the sector has remained stunted with little or no growth in its contributions to the country’s GDP over the past decade since the restructuring that culminated into the establishment of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities. This has remained a subject of great concern to the government and investors in the tourism sector as even the citizens of the country has consistently preferred travelling abroad for tourism purposes rather than utilising the avalanche of tourism facilities in the country. Although, the tourism sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had received appreciable attention from empirical studies in the past, however, little research has been conducted into exploring the strained relationship between the sector and the tourism population in the country, with a view to assessing the capability of the social CRM as a new strategy and application approach that could revitalise the customer relationship management of the sector. Therefore, this study critically reviewed the degree of relevance of social CRM to the business processes of the SCTA, examined the awareness, attitude and perception of the Saudi public to tourism in the country, assessed the service delivery and customer satisfaction of the SCTA in recent years and proposed solution framework that is aimed to foster better CRM within the tourism sector of the country. The study found that inadequate awareness, alienation, poor enlightenment campaign, inadequate transparency, exorbitant pricing system, ineffective communication flow, misconception of roles and responsibilities and over centralisation of authority are the main challenges facing the growth of the sector in the country. Therefore, the study proposed a solution framework that recommends the introduction of the social CRM strategy and approach in the relationship between the commission and the members of the public which will see to the integration of the Saudi people into the designing, planning, execution and delivery of tourism services in the country. Other recommendations that are expected to evolve far reaching impacts within the tourism sector of the country were also proposed.

[Fatimah Ayidh Alqahtani and Tanzila Saba. Social Customer Relation Management for Tourism in Saudi Arabia: A Case study. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):143-160]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.21

Keywords: Tourism, SCTA, Social CRM, case study of Saudi Arabia

Full Text

21

22

Relation of Palmaris Longus agenesis with hand dominance

Hojjatollah Karimi Jashni¹, Karamatollah Rahmanian^2*, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi²

¹Department of Anatomy, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

²Research center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

rahmaniank47@yahoo.com

Abstract: The prevalence of right-handedness in the general population is between 85 and 92%. This study was done to determine the relation of the Palmaris longus agenesis and the hand dominance. This study included 732 subjects (362 male and 370 female). They were initially asked to do the standard test (Schaeffer's test) for the assessment of the Palmaris longus tendon. Four tests (Thompson's test, Mishra's tests I and II, Pushpakumar's "two-finger sign" method) were done for confirmation of the absence of the tendon in the subjects.Then the subjects were asked to hand dominance. The data collected were analyzed by chi square test using SPSS software. Right hand dominance was recorded in 663 (91.4%) subjects. In right-handed subjects, the agenesis of Palmaris longus tendon was in 27 (4.1%) on the right side and in 44 (6.6%) cases on the left side. In left-handed subjects, this muscle was absent on the left side in four (6.5%) and on the right side in four (6.5%) cases. Although, bilateral absence of Palmaris longus tendon was more common in right handed subjects (20.2% in right-handed subjects, and 14.4% in left-handed subjects) but there was no significant difference. Our results show that hand dominance wasn’t associated to agenesis of Palmaris longus muscle.

[Jashni HK, Rahmanian K, Jahromi AS. Relation of Palmaris Longus agenesis with hand dominance. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):161-163]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.22

Keywords: Palmaris longus, Agenesis, Hand dominance

Full Text

22

23

Assessment of Entrance Surface Dose for the Patients from Common Radiology Examinations in Sudan

Jumaa Yousif Tamboul^1.2, Mohamed Yousef^1,2, Khadija Mokhtar ³,Ahmed Alfaki³, Abdelmoneim Sulieman^2,4

¹Taibah University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Fax: 8475790 P.O: 30001 Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA

²College of Medical Radiologic Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology. P.O. Box 1908, Khartoum, Sudan

³ Physics department, Sudan University of Science & Technology

⁴Salman bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Alkharj, P.O. Box 422, KSA

jtamboul@hotmail.com

Abstract: Medical X-ray exposures are the largest man-made source of population exposure to ionising radiation in many countries. Although information on medical exposure is already incorporated into national legislative documents, in Isfahan there is no data on the assessment of patient's entrance surface dose (ESD) and the health risk from conventional radiography in daily clinical practice. In this study, Entrance Surface dose (ESD) were estimated for adults patients undergoing common X- ray examinations in two Hospitals in Khartoum, namely Khartoum teaching hospital and academy teaching hospital. the study was performed in four X-ray machines. A total of 191 patients were included in this study. Patient’s data such as (age and weight) and exposure parameters (kV and mAs) were recorded. The results of ESD have been obtained with the use of the Dose Cal software which developed by the radiological protection center in saint gorges hospital London. The results showed that the mean values for chest, abdomen and limbs were 0.31 mGy, 2.6 mGy, 0.05 mGy respectively. the results obtained in this work, range from (10.3) for lumbosacral lat to (0.004) for Elbow, was not exceeding the reference value and also the values obtained by Previous studies. But When comparison made between the four machines using some selected tests, the mean dose value at Khartoum teaching hospital by (shimadzu (1)) was found to be higher than other machines. This may be due the fact that the machine is old one and also it is output is greater than outputs of other machines, but in general the competency of technicians in Khartoum teaching hospital is less than in the academy teaching hospital, and also the number of patients in this hospital is more than academy hospital.

[Tamboul J, Yousef M, Mokhtar K, Alfaki A, Sulieman A. Assessment of Entrance Surface Dose for the Patients from Common Radiology Examinations in Sudan. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):164-168]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23 doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.23

Keywords: X-ray machine, Radiation dose, Calculated Radiation, Rradiological examination, Dose area product (DAP), Exposure factors, Radiation protection

Full Text

23

24

Evaluation of the Outcome of Transobturator Vaginal Tape in Management of Stress Incontinence in Women

H.S. Mohamed

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Woman's Health University Centre, Assiut University, 5^th Floor Woman's

Health Center, 71526, Assiut, Egypt

hazemsaad2012@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: A new concept is put forward to evaluate the outcome of the tension-free transobturator vaginal tape (TVTO) procedure (Gynecare^®) in the management of female stress urinary and mixed incontinence in Women Health Hospital-Assiut. Study design: prospective observational, hospital based study. Fifty-one ladies suffering from stress urinary and mixed incontinence were surgically managed by (TVTO) manufactured by (Gynecare^®) a polypropylene mesh tape with a pore size of 75-150 um, during the period from June,2007 to December, 2009. All participants underwent the following: (1) Through history and clinical examination. (2) Urodynamic tests include filling cystometry voiding cystometry and abdominal leak point pressure (Cm H₂O). The inclusion criteria were genuine stress and mixed urinary incontinence with predominant stress element and Stable normal and compliant bladder. The exclusion criteria were central and or peripheral neurological disorder, unstable bladder and active urinary tract infections. The TVTO procedure was done according to DeLeval (2003)⁽¹⁾ and cases with genital prolapse beyond first degree underwent surgical correction before TVTO procedure. Results: Eighteen (35.3%) patient underwent concomitant operative repair of genital prolapse in addition to the TVTO. There were significant postoperative improvement in quality of life as regards the effect and sexual life. Also, no significant difference was found between objective and subjective cure rate along different postoperative months of follow up. Conclusion: our data further support the notion that TVT-obturator procedure, a novel mid-urethral sling operation, for the management of SUI in females seems to be effective and safe.

[H.S. Mohamed. Evaluation of the Outcome of Transobturator Vaginal Tape in Management of Stress Incontinence in Women. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):169-178]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.24

Keywords: Transobturater tape – stress Urinary incontinence

Full Text

24

25

Experience of Educational Programs Application in a Context of Schoolchildren’s Health Development

Torybayeva Zhamilya Zahanovna¹, Nuridinova Guldana Ademovna², Suleimenova Sanen Nametovna², Otegen Kadisha Oralovna³

¹ Department of General Psychology, A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 161200, Kazakhstan

² Department of General Pedagogy, M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent, 160002, Kazakhstan

³ Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, International Humanitarian-Technical University, Shymkent, 160002, Kazakhstan

E-mail: zhamilyazahan@mail.ru

Abstract: Health – the base of full activity of the person in modern society. At this conjuncture the solution of this problem demands a support on application of the educational programs providing formation of abilities, skills and the relations necessary for understanding and an assessment of own health, motivating on a healthy lifestyle, acceptance of its values and promoting development of adequate behavior of the healthy personality. Realization of this task demands the accounting of potential of the Atameken program which possesses the specific potential of familiarizing of children and studying youth to norms and healthy lifestyle values.

[Torybayeva Zhamilya Zahanovna, Nuridinova Guldana Ademovna, Suleimenova Sanen Nametovna, Otegen Kadisha Oralovna. Experience of Educational Programs Application in a Context of Schoolchildren’s Health Development. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):179-181]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.25

Keywords: health, education, school students, program, experience of application

Full Text

25

26

Molecular epidemiology and clinical importance of TT virus infection in Haemodialysis Patients, South of Iran

Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi^1,2, Saeedeh Erfanian³, Mohammad Reza Farjam³*, Mahsa Moghaddam⁴, Abdolhossien Madani⁵

¹Research Center for Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis,  Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran

²Department of Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran

³Research center for social determinants of health, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran

⁴Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Science, Jahrom, Iran

⁵Research Center for Social Determinants in Health Promotion, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandarabbas, Iran

fjm1339@yahoo.com

Abstract: Patients on hemodialysis are considered to be at risk of infection by blood-borne viruses and a prevalence of Transfusion transmitted infection has been reported in patients on hemodialysis in many countries. According to the lack of data about the prevalence of TTV in Jahrom (a city in south-west of Iran), this study was conduted to investigate the molecular prevalence of TTV viremia among hemodialysis patients in this south-west city of Iran. In this cross sectional study serum samples from HCV and HBV negative 711 patients on maintenance hemodialysis for molecular prevalence of TT virus in south of  IRAN, April, 2013. Serum samples taken before dialysis from each subjects were tested for molecular and biochemical analysis. Some possible risk factors of TT virus infection including: age, gender, duration of hemodialysis treatment and serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels were collected from each studied population. Data were analyzed by use of parametric and non-parametric analyses with SPSS for Windows. TTV infection was detected in 27.80% of the patients. In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex), but we found statistically significant difference were present between these groups for what concern time on haemodialysis therapy, ALT and AST levels. The prevalence of TTV infection among hemodialysis patients reported by other authors is similar to our or even higher. According to the finding of present study TTV is presented as one of probable agent of hepatitis in haemodialysis patients.

[Jahromi AS, Erfanian S, Farjam MR, Madani A. Molecular epidemiology and clinical importance of TT virus infection in Haemodialysis Patients, South of Iran. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):182-185]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.26

Keywords: TT Virus; Haemodialysis patient; Epodemiology; ALT; AST

Full Text

26

27

Effects of Various Nitrogen Rates to Biogas Production Yield in Anaerobic Digestion of Only Chicken Manure

Volkan ÇOBAN¹, H.İbrahim SARADz, Durmuş KAYA³, Muharrem EYİDOĞAN¹, Selman ÇAĞMAN¹

^1.Department of Energy and Environment Technologies, Karabük University, Balıklarkayası Mevkii, 78050, Karabük, Turkey, E-mail: coban.volkan@yahoo.com.tr

^2.Department of Mechanical Engineering, University, Engineering Faculty, B Blok 41380, Umuttepe Yerleşkesi, Kocaeli, Turkey

^3.Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: High nitrogen content of chicken manure might reach to the degree of toxic effect at anaerobic fermentation system. Raw material nitrogen ratio and the rate of demineralization in the reactor are important parameters in anaerobic reactor design. In this study, effects of various nitrogen contents on biogas production yields were investigated in order to obtain base limits at design phase of biogas plants which will run only chicken manure. All trials were carried out in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) at mesophilic conditions. There was no pH adjustment made during trials. The stirrer works at a speed of 20 rpm and they worked every 2 minutes with intervals of 2 min. Reactor loading rate was increased each week in the following sequence 0,5, 1, 2 and 3 g.oDM/l.d. The effect of various nitrogen contents were observed with TKN and NH4-N analysis and also recorded daily biogas production yields. As a result, when there was no pH adjustment made, pH went up to alkali side and reached up to 8-8,5 with increasing loading rate. At this stage, nitrogen inhibition started and the biogas production yield was decreased 54% at the loading rate was as high as 3 g.oDM/l.d. Reflection of the trial results that organic nitrogen demineralization rate should be assumed around 60-70% at stabilize biogas production yield conditions.

[Coban V, Sarac H.İ, Kaya D, Eyidogan M, Cagman S. Effects of Various Nitrogen Rates to Biogas Production Yield in Anaerobic Digestion of Only Chicken Manure. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):186-190]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.27

Key words: Chicken manure, Biogas, Nitrogen Inhibition

Full Text

27

28

Renal and Cardiovascular Damage Induced by Cisplatin in Rats

Rasha M. Saleh ¹, Walaa F. Awadin ^2*, Yousef Y. Elseady ¹ and Faheim E. Waheish¹

¹Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

walaafekriawadin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The anticancer drug cisplatin can cause severe side effects, but to date, the mechanisms of action of these dangerous side effects have not been completely elucidated. The presence of these dangerous side effects prompted research to achieve a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the toxicities. In the present study, we demonstrated renal and cardiovascular damage induced by cisplatin as indicated by the assessment of blood pressure, heart rate, biochemical assays and histophathological examination of kidney, heart and aorta in control and cisplatin treated rats. The biochemical assays included the measurements of serum creatinine, urea, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), albumin, total protein (TPs), nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) level and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) levels in the serum. In kidney and heart tissue homogenates, NO, MDA and GSH levels were also recorded. The biochemical assay showed increases in levels of creatinine, urea, HDL, LDL, TGs, TC, cTn-I, NO, LDH, MDA and decreases in levels of albumin, TPs and GSH levels. Various histopathological lesions were observed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from cisplatin administered rats that increased in severity by the day 30. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF), von Willbrand factor (vWF), and caspase were applied. Caspase-3 expression was detected in the control group on the days 7 and 30 in the proximal renal tubules, meanwhile, VGEF expressions was increasingly expressed in the kidneys, heart and aorta only from cisplatin group. vWF was variously expressed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from the control group. A weak expression of vWF was observed in the kidneys, heart and aorta from the cisplatin group.

[Rasha M. Saleh, Walaa F. Awadin , Yousef Y. Elseady and Faheim E. Waheish. Renal and Cardiovascular Damage Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):191-203]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.28

Keywords: cisplatin, kidney, heart, aorta, vascular damage

Full Text

28

29

Preliminary Phytochemical, Acute Oral Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Leaves of Solanum Nigrum Linn.

Hoang Le Son, Phan Thi Hai Yen

School of Biotechnology, International University – Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

hlson@hcmiu.edu.vn

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate a preliminary phytochemical, acute oral toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of the leaves of Solanum nigrum Linn. Qualitative analysis for phytochemicals was carried out. Acute oral toxicity test was conducted. The anticonvulsant effect of ethanolic extract from the leaves of Solanum nigrum on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) - induced seizures in male mice was examined. Phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves of Solanum nigrum contain carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenols and steroids. The oral median lethal dose of the extract was estimated as upper 5000 mg/kg. In PTZ-induced seizures, the extract significantly delayed the latency of convulsant, reduced the recurrence of convulsant and provided significant protection against death. These findings suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract of Solanum nigrum is safe and possess anticonvulsant activity in PTZ-induced seizure mice. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.

[Hoang Le Son, Phan Thi Hai Yen. Preliminary Phytochemical, Acute Oral Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Leaves of Solanum Nigrum Linn. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):204-208]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.29

Keywords: Solanum nigrum, phytochemical, anticonvulsant activity, pentylenetetrazole, LD50

Full Text

29

30

3D Energy Framework Strategy by Balanced Scorecard

R. Rodprasert¹, T. Chandarasupsang¹, N. Chakpitak¹, P.P. Yupain²

¹College of Arts Media and Technology, Faculty of Knowledge Management,

Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai  50200, Thailand,

²Quantum Life Institute, Sainoi, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand,

E-mail: <4423027@gmail.com>, <kypreech@kmitl.ac.th>

Abstract: In this paper, the balanced scorecard has been applied to create an ideal national energy framework, which is useful for the specific overall strategic theme, objective, sub-objective and the owner of each objective. The result obtained from a case study shows that it can be used to facilitate the measurement of alternative energy development plan (AEDP 2012-2021) in Thailand and the ideal national energy framework, which can also be applied for the national energy framework creation and presented the overall strategic theme, objective, sub-objective and the owner of each objective under the strategic theme in objective measurement target initiative (OMTI) form. This method can help strategic planners for assigned measurement guideline under each strategic objective to the right owner. Originally, the company in lower chain will receive the policy from the top level organization such as ministry, regulator or country governor. Then, this policy can be used to set own vision, goal and their key performance indicator (KPI), where the problem from information can transfer from low level to top level, which can support the decision maker.

[Rodprasert R, Chandarasupsang T, Chakpitak, Yupapin PP. 3D Energy Framework Strategy by Balanced Scorcard. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):209-220]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.30

Keywords: Balanced scorecard, energy national framework, energy policy, energy management, electricity

Full Text

30

31

Alternative Design Approach for Energy Management System

R. Rodprasert¹, T. Chandarasupsang¹, N. Chakpitak¹, P.P. Yupain²

¹College of Arts Media and Technology, Faculty of Knowledge Management,

Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai  50200, Thailand,

²Quantum Life Institute, Sainoi, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand,

E-mail: <4423027@gmail.com>, <kypreech@kmitl.ac.th>

Abstract: Energy Management System (EMS) is introduced in order to help the governing body and the utility itself to perform the most suitable decision making activities at the right time. Many EMS design approaches have been developed, though only focusing on each utility. This usually results in the fragmentation and in many cases, the duplication of the EMS, not being able to support ESI as a whole. This paper proposes an alternative design approach for an EMS based on the top-down approach. The national electricity industry framework has been developed using the application of balance scorecard. This is to define the overall required tasks within the ESI, which could then be assigned to different entities. Knowledge Engineering, especially the communication model, is then utilized to construct the knowledge and information exchange protocol between and within entity. Finally, the Common Information Model (CIM) can be developed for the EMS. In this paper, the Thai ESI was used as a case study. The results have shown that the alternative approach proposed in this research provides systematic framework for EMS design allowing the modification to the initial EMS when it is needed. Moreover, the approach can lead to the properly designed EMS with the convergence of data and information exchange among different entities which can then be effectively used by the governing body and regulator in decision making activities.

[Rodprasert R, Chandarasupsang T, Chakpitak, Yupapin PP. Alternative Design Approach for Energy Management System. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):221-234]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.31

Keywords: Common KADS, Common Information Modeling (CIM), Energy Management System (EMS)

Full Text

31

32

Novel Design Rabi Oscillation System for Human Quantum Life Detection Probe

P.P. Yupapin^1,2, S. Pantian¹ and J. Ali³

¹Advanced Studies Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,

King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok (KMITL), Thailand;

E-mail: <kypreech@kmitl.ac.th>

²Quantum Life Institute, Sainoi, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand;

E-mail: <sarayutpantian@outlook.co.th>

³Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Johor Bahru 81300, Malaysia; E-mail: <djxxx_1@yahoo.com>

Abstract: Rabi oscillation of particle (photon) can be generated by light propagating within a micro-optical ring resonator. The connection between particles and projection parameters can be distributed across time and space when they are in their quantum coherent state, in which the quantum life can be established via the substance of the quantum field, where the massless particle (photon), i.e. thought/feeling can be projected and the measurement formed. By using the Rabi oscillation probe, the neuron projection parameters such as Čerenkov radiation, levitation, remote viewing, psychics and supernatural power can be projected and measured. Furthermore, when  the massless particle, i.e. thought/feeling speed is greater than the group velocity, the cold body behavior under the adiabatic process is formed and survived, in which the relics can be obtained after death by the cold body phase transition, where the different forms of amorphous materials are constructed and obtained.

[Yupapin PP, Pantian S, Ali J. Novel Design Rabi Oscillation System for Human Quantum Life Detection Probe. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):235-243]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.32

Keywords: Quantum life; Rabi oscillation; Supernatural power; Machine consciousness; Metaphysics

Full Text

32

33

Characterization of Banach spaces to have the approximation property

Osama Tantawy, Alaa Eldeen Hamza Sayed and Mahmoud Zaghrout

Mathematics Dept., Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Zmm.mahmoud@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper we study some results about the approximation property on Banach spaces (B-Spaces). We give a sufficient condition using trace mapping for a Banach space to posses metric approximation property. We also study the approximation property for dual spaces. We prove that a Banach sapce has the bounded approximation property if the identity operator belongs to the closure of the collection of bounded and finite rank operators with the weak operator topology. Also a Banach space has the bounded weak approximation property if every compact operator on it belongs to the closure of the collection of finite rank operators with the weak operator topology.

[Osama Tantawy, Alaa Eldeen Hamza Sayed and Mahmoud Zaghrout. Characterization of Banach spaces to have the approximation property. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):244-248]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.33

Keywords: approximation property, dual spaces

Full Text

33

34

In vitro Cultivation of Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) under Influence of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid) as Herbicide.

Yasser Hussein, Gehan Amin, ElSayed Hashem and Khaled Youssef

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt

dryasserhussein_zu@hotmail.com

Abstract: Callus induction of marjoram (Origanum majorana L., family Lamiaceae) was done by hypocotyl and seed explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with auxin (2,4-D or NAA) at 1, 2 or 4 mg/L in combination with cytokinins (Kn or 6 BAP) at 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 or 1 mg/L. For seedling culture, the sterilized seeds were germinated on the same basal MS medium free of phytohormones but supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D as herbicide (6, 11, 22.5, 23.5 and 45 mg/L). Comparison of different phytohormonal combinations in terms of callus production revealed that: the 2,4-D + Kn (2+0.5 mg/L) and NAA + 6BAP (4+0.4 mg/L) were the most responsive for callus induction. A lower callus formation was obtained on medium supplemented with 2,4-D + Kn (1+1 mg/L) and NAA + 6BAP (1+1 and 1+0.5mg/L). The seed and hypocotyl calli retained high proliferation rate for two subcultures, afterwards in the 3^rd and 4^th subcultures the calli grew slower, turned brown and didn’t survive in subsequent subcultures. The highest growth rates and fresh weights of aseptic marjoram seedlings were observed on medium contained 6 and 11mg/L 2,4-D, while the lower growth rate was obtained on medium supplemented with 22.5 mg/L 2,4-D. In case of higher conc. of 2,4-D (23.7 and 45 mg/L) no growth was recorded and seedlings dead finally. From the profile of SDS-PAGE, there is no distinct variation on the proteinous bands of the treated marjoram seedlings with 6 and 11mg/L 2,4-D,  in addition to control of non-treated seedlings, assuming the absence of inducing effect on gene expression. However the density of proteinous bands was increased upon 2,4-D (6 and 11mg/L) treatment as compared with the control assuming the induction of hyper amount of induced expressed protein to resist herbicide treatment. From the profile of antifungal activity, a slight fungistatic activity was observed by the aqueous extract of marjoram seedlings treated by 2,4-D at concentration of 6mg/L and 11 mg/L, comparing to untreated control.

[Yasser Hussein, Gehan Amin, ElSayed Hashem and Khaled Youssef. In vitro Cultivation of Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) under Influence of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid) as Herbicide. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):249-257]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.34

Key words: Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), 2,4-D, herbicide, in vitro, callus, seedling, growth,  protein, SDS-PAGE, antifungal.

Full Text

34

35

Detection of Biological Nano-Particles in Egyptian Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Hala Badawi¹, Mervat El Damarawy², Ali Atteya³, Reda Bastawesy³, Manal El Said¹, Amira Helmy⁴, Omer Helmy⁴ and Ehab Ismail²

^1.Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

^2.Intensive Care and Cardiology unit, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

^3.Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

^4.Electron Microscopy Departments, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

manalmicrobiology@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases accounted for more deaths than any other major cause of death worldwide. Biological nanoparticles (BNP) are novel bacteria with the smallest cellular dimension known on earth (50–300 nm). BNP are recently accused to play the role in the process of endothelial injury and hence arthrosclerosis facilitating coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective: The aim of this study was to detect BNP in serum and urine samples of CAD patients to determine their role, incidence, prevalence and correlation with occurrence of coronary artery disease in Egyptian patients. Method: The study was conducted on 38 patients and was divided into two groups. Group (1) included 28 patients with confirmed CAD by coronary angiography. Group (2) included 10 patients with excluded CAD by coronary angiography as control group. Both groups were subdivided into 2 subgroups according to sample type; urine and serum. Patients were subjected to clinical examination, chest X ray, EGG recording, echocardiography, coronary angiography and laboratory investigations. BNP was detected in human blood and urine by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: BNP were detected by SEM in 78.57% of CAD patients, in serum and urine 53.57% and in serum only 25%, showing a strong association between BPN detection and CAD (p< 0.01). No statistical significance was shown between BNP serum and urine negative and positive groups regarding age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and lipid profile. Coronary angiography results in BNP serum and urine positive patients emphasized same significant LAD lesions in 19 (86.36%) and 17 (100%) of patients (p < 0.01), followed by LCX in 16 (72.73%) and 13 (76.47%) of patients (p < 0.05) then RCA in 16 (72.73%) and 12 (70.59%) of patients (p > 0.05) and LMCA was the least to be affected showing 3 (13.64%) and 14 (8.35%) of patients with a same significant statistical reverse correlation (p < 0.01) respectively. Nine (52.94%) BNP urine positive versus one (9.1%) BNP urine negative patients showed significant statistical finding between BPN detection in urine and RWMA as a component of estimating the cardiac muscle condition. Conclusion: BNP was detected by SEM in (78.57%) of the total patients with known CAD with variable grades and sites of coronary lesions. These data may help to understand the critical medical importance of already demonstrated effects of BNP on atherosclerosis and pathologic calcification in the human body especially coronary arteries. Screening of body fluids for BNP on a large scale could be necessary for the assessment of co-infections with BNP especially in susceptible persons with risk of developing CAD.

[Hala Badawi, Mervat El Damarawy, Ali Atteya, Reda Bastawesy, Manal El Said, Amira Helmy, Omer Helmy and Ehab Ismail. Detection of Biological Nano-Particles in Egyptian Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):258-268]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.35

Key words: BNP, SEM, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography

Full Text

35

36

Effects of Environmental Oil Spills on Commercial Fish and Shellfish in Suez Canal and Suez Gulf Regions (Review Article)

Mona S. Zaki¹; Mohammad M.N. Authman¹; Nagwa S. Ata²; Mostafa F. Abdelzaher¹ and Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam³

¹Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research center, Egypt.

²Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Egypt.

³Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I., Vet. Division, National Research Centre, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Oil pollution is a major environmental problem and is important, in particular to the Suez Canal and Suez Gulf as the main routes of many oil tankers. In view of the increased incidents of oil spills, it was necessary to analyze and discuss the impact of oil spills on the fishery community. In this review, the following approaches will be attributed: a) the morphological, biochemical and pathological reactions of marine fish and shellfish to oil pollution. b) The impact of oil toxicity in spawning and reproduction of shellfish and migratory fish. c)the bacterial solving crude oil. d) The expected effects of that pollution on human health. This project includes: analysis of water quality (chemical, physical, etc), detection of oil pollutants residues in water, fish and shellfish, and parasitic diseases affecting fish, studying of the pathological and clinico-pathological affections of such fishes, and the impact of oil pollution on fish resources and trials of prevention and control of such pollution.

[Mona S. Zaki; Mohammad M.N. Authman; Nagwa S. Ata; Mostafa F. Abdelzaher and Abdel Mohsen M. Hammam. Effects of Environmental Oil Spills on Commercial Fish and Shellfish in Suez Canal and Suez Gulf Regions (Review Article). Life Sci J2014;11(2):269-274]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.36

Key words: Oil pollution - Suez Canal - Suez Gulf - commercial Marine fish and shellfish – Toxicological effects.

Full Text

36

37

New Approaches in Control of Mastitis in Dairy Animals

Nagwa S. Ata¹, Mona S. Zaki²

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

² Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza.

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Mastitis is still the most important disease of dairy herds. It is recognized worldwide as the most costly disease affecting dairy cattle and induces great economic loss to dairy industry. Many infective agents have been implicated as causes of mastitis. The basic program recommended for mastitis control includes: reducing the duration of infection, reducing the new infection rate and monitoring the infection rate. The chemotherapeutic medications are widely used for control of mastitis. The repeated and extensive use of drugs has tend to develop resistance to these drugs. The activity of antibiotic could be enhanced by the use of some immune system components.  Immunological control approach is an alternative approach to drugs. Nutrition and inheritance control approach have proved to be of some value in the control of mastitis. Finally, the use of natural products such as herbs had a significant effect in preventing and treating mastitis.

[Nagwa S. Ata, Mona S. Zaki. New Approaches in Control of Mastitis in Dairy Animals. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):275-277]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.37

Key words: Mastitis - dairy cattle - Suez Gulf - natural products - herbs.

Full Text

37

38

Calcium supply reduced effect of salinity on growth in the Mediterranean shrub (Atriplex halimus L.)

Samira Soualem^{1, 2}, Ahmed Adda^{1, 2}, Moulay Belkhodja³ and Othmane Merah^{4, 5}

¹Laboratoire d’agro-biotechnologie et de nutrition en zones semi-aride Université Ibn Khaldoun de Tiaret, Algérie

²Laboratoire de physiologie végétale appliquée aux cultures hors sol. Université Ibn Khaldoun de Tiaret, Algérie

³Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université d’Es-Sénia, Oran, Algeria.

⁴Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSIACET, LCA (Laboratoie de Chimie Agro-industrielle), F-31030 Toulouse, France

⁵INRA, UMR 1010 CAI, F‑31030 Toulouse, France

samirasoualem2006@yahoo.fr

Abstract: The effect of calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) supply under salt stress was studied in two populations of Atriplex halimus from two locations (coastal western Algeria (Oran) and continental semi-arid zone (Djelfa)) contrasted for salinity gradients. The plants were grown in pots and subjected to salt stress (0, 300 or 500mM NaCl) with a supply of (5 or 10mM) of CaSO₄. Growth, mineral, proline and soluble sugars contents were measured. The results showed a reduction in growth with increasing NaCl concentration. The impact of salinity was more pronounced on the inland population than the coastal one. The leaves Na⁺ content increased with increasing salt stress and led to reduced plant growth. In response to the intensity of salt stress and CaSO₄ supply, plants accumulated more soluble sugars, proline and K⁺. This accumulation was more pronounced at high concentrations of NaCl and CaSO₄ in both populations. Our results emphasized that supply of CaSO₄ reduced the inhibitory effects of NaCl.

[Samira Soualem, Ahmed Adda, Moulay Belkhodja and Othmane Merah. Calcium supply reduced effect of salinity on growth in the Mediterranean shrub (Atriplex halimus L.) Life Sci J 2014;11(2):278-284]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.38

Key words: Atriplex halimus, growth, salinity, calcium, sodium, proline, soluble sugars, halophyte, population

Full Text

38

39

Sufi Path of Knowledge: the comparative analysis of the concepts of the Unity of Being (Wahdat al-Wujud) and the Unity of Witness (Wahdat ash-Shuhud)

Karatyshkanova Kymbat Rakhmetkyzy

International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Ahmed Yassawi, Kazakhstan/Turkistan

k_kimbat@mail.ru

Abstract: This article discusses one of the major themes of philosophy of Sufism - the relationship between the Creator and the universe, the Sufi path of knowledge. In particular, it deals with a comparative analysis of Sufi terms such as the Unity of Being (Wahdat al-Wujud) and the Unity of Witness (Wahdat ash-Shuhud). Translation of “Maktubat”, a Sufi treatise, written by Imam Rabbani Ahmed Sirhindi and works of other foreign authors were used as the basis. Imam Rabbani Ahmed Sirhindi is a representative of the Sufi school of India. In general, the cornerstone of the theory and philosophy of Sufism is the doctrine of Being, the “Unity” of all things. Seeing many forms of Being, a Sufi sees the Unity, covering them, the “Absolute Unity” (al-Wujud al-Mutlaq); in everything they see the manifestation of the Unity, which connects it with other things, integrating them into an organic whole. All Being is one. According to followers of “Wahdat al-Wujud”, Being is not a mental predicate or an abstract idea. It is the most self-evident reality, as it is embodied in all things. At the same time, Being is the most hidden and unknown thing, because it covers all things, so we cannot find anything different from it, with the help of which we could limit or determine it. Being is comprehendible only through intuition. However, from the point of view of the followers of “Wahdat ash-Shuhud”, God is distinguishable from the world, that is, God and the world are totally different forms of Being. If, according the theory of Wahdat al-Wujud, the truth of the world are divine names and attributes, but Wahdat ash-Shuhud states that the truth of the world are nonbeings in opposition to the names and attributes. According to Imam Rabbani Ahmed Sirhindi’s statements, these theories are not interchangeable, and besides that, they are opposite.

[Karatyshkanova Kymbat Rakhmetkyzy. Sufi Path of Knowledge: the comparative analysis of the concepts of the Unity of Being (Wahdat al-Wujud) and the Unity of Witness (Wahdat ash-Shuhud). Life Sci J 2014;11(2):285-288]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.39

Keywords: Sufism, analysis, Sufi terms, Wahdat al-Wujud, Wahdat ash-Shuhud, Imam Rabbani Ahmed Sirhindi.

Full Text

39

40

The Impact of an Educational Intervention on Women's Knowledge and Perception Regarding Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in Tanta City: Applying Health Belief Model

Latifa M. Fouda and Entisar Abo Elghite Elhossiny Elkazeh

¹Community Health Nursing Dept., Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University

dr.entisaraboelghit@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background Cervical cancer is a significant health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to studying the women's knowledge and perception regarding cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccines in Tanta City, it aimed also at increasing their awareness about cervical cancer screening through intervention with a health education program. Methods: This study was a self –control intervention study. The total sample included (125) women. Their ages ranged from16 to 54 years. The studied population was chosen for being women as well as for being a part of the corner stone of the community which is in need for such education and knowledge. The study was conducting from the first of October (2011) to end of January (2012) among women in the four MCH centers of Tanta city. In the baseline interview all the women received an interview questionnaire for the pre-test and post test. It included personal data about women, cervical cancer, screening and vaccine assessment tool, and perception of women toward cervical caner by applying Health belief Model (HBM), Intervention implemented through a health education program, for four weeks duration followed by a post-test. Results: It shows that more half of the women were aged 26-35years and lived in urban areas. There was a significant improvement post intervention in all items of knowledge regarding cervical cancer. There was also a significant improvement post intervention in all items regarding (seriousness, susceptibility of disease, benefits of early detection, vaccination, total perception towards cervical cancer respectively), except the barriers which faced them. Conclusion and recommendations the present study has raised lightened awareness on HPV infection and cancer cervix. Health education was effective in improving the knowledge and perception of women regarding cervical cancer screening and vaccination. It founded the way be extend this program among all attendants of public gynecology clinics. An integrated educational and vaccination program should be implemented to prevent the risk of cancer cervix among high risk populations. HPV vaccination should be recommended before marriage for male and female. Flyers and pamphlet on PHV vaccination should be available in family planning clinic.

[Latifa M. Fouda and Entisar Abo Elghite Elhossiny Elkazeh. The Impact of an Educational Intervention on Women's Knowledge and Perception Regarding Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in Tanta City: Applying Health Belief Model. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):289-297]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.40

Keywords: cervical cancer, knowledge, perception, human papillomavirus vaccines, health belief model

Full Text

40

41

Protein Structural Data Mining and Evolutionary Bioinformatic Analysis on Domains of TATA-box Binding Protein-like Fold

Jian-Xiang Liu, Qi Xie, Jun Lin*

Department of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China

* Corresponding author (Tel/fax numbers: 86-773-5890464; E-mail: JLinGLMU@gmail.com )

Abstract: In recent years, data mining has been used widely in the areas of science, such as bioinformatics, genetics and medicine. Studies suggested visual data mining is faster and much more intuitive than is traditional data mining. In the process of X-ray crystallography research, large protein structural data sets have been generated, collected, and stored. A typical TATA-box binding protein-like fold contains a secondary structure arrangement of beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha (alpha: alpha helix; beta: beta strand). At least three families, including TATA-box binding protein, DNA repair glycosylase and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase, contain this fold. The C-terminal domain of TATA-box binding protein is a duplication region that consists of two clear structural repeats (beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha-beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha). In this work, we analyzed the various TATA-box binding protein-like fold using structure and sequence comparisons. Database searching reveals a new homologue, YwmB protein, containing circularly permutated TATA-box binding protein-like fold comparing to the original one. Finally, an extraordinary evolution history of the TATA-box binding protein-like fold was illustrated. Our systematic structural analysis of the crystal structures of TBP-like proteins from the RCSB protein databank, examined the structures of single TBP-like protein domain from various protein families, double TBP-like protein domain containing protein, and double TBP-like protein domain with circular permutation. The TBP-like proteins, including single TBP-like protein domain, double TBP-like protein domain and double circularly permuted TBP-like protein domain, have a common ancestral fold. The C-terminal domain of TATA-box binding protein consists of two structural repeats (beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha-beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha) may result from duplication-fusion process.

[Liu JX, Xie Q, Lin J. Protein Structural Data Mining and Evolutionary Bioinformatic Analysis on Domains of TATA-box Binding Protein-like Fold. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):298-302]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.41

Keywords: TATA-box binding protein-like fold; domain duplication-fusion; Circular Permutation (CP); origin of new gene; Evolutionary Bioinformatics

Full Text

41

42

Cyclosporine A Promotes Regeneration in Larval Stages of the Saudi Toad, Bufo arabicus

Gehan Hassan Fahmy

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

gehanfahmy2003@yahoo.ca

Abstract: The regeneration of the amputated hind limbs of stage (54) of tadpole larvae of  Bufo arabicus was studied after amputating their hind limbs at the mid shank level. The immunomodulator Cyclosporine A (CsA) was selected to determine its effect on regeneration. Tadpole larvae were immersed in a solution of CsA (0.02, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/mL) for five hours daily for three consecutive days, starting the treatment twelve hours after amputation. Cyclosporine A significantly promoted regeneration and it was dose-dependent. Histologically, Cyclosporine A was associated with acceleration in the processes of dedifferentiation, differentiation and histogenesis in comparison with their control counterparts. It also delayed the dermal differentiation underneath the epithelium. CsA treatment was also associated with early dedifferentiation of mesenchyme cells forming a well-formed blastema, and early differentiation of skeletal elements of the regenerates in comparison with their control counterparts. The result of the present work was that regeneration of hind limbs was significanlty promoted and accelerated by Cyclosporine A. In addition, Cyclosporine A effect was dose-dependent. We also consider that these data will give us deeper insights on the mechanisms taking place in higher vertebrates and in human.

[Gehan Hassan Fahmy. Cyclosporine A Promotes Regeneration in Larval Stages of the Saudi Toad, Bufo arabicus. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):303-312]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.42

Key words: Cyclosporine A, Regeneration, Bufo arabicus.

Full Text

42

43

Study on Nutritional and Immunological Status of adult human

Manal A.M. Hasanein¹, Mona E.M. Naga² and Azza Zohair³

¹Department of Food Science, Faculty of Family Science, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarah KSA

^2,3Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Specific Education, Menufiya University, Egypt.

drmanal.hasanin@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried on 40 demonstrators assist let were (males & females), 20-50 years old from Faculty of Specific Education, Menufiya University to through light on the relationship between nutritional status and immune system. It was found that while mean BMI indicated (29.45 & 27.44kg/cm2 in males & females) respectively that subjects were overweight; 50% of females were overweight and 50%males were obese, also 33.33%of females were obese. females intake of calcium (49.45%of RDA) was low besides Vit. B6 intake (89.49%). Regardless of gender intakes of Vit A &D were low, and Vit.B6 intake was low in females. Laboratory analyses revealed that Eosinopls count was less than Ref. Range, while Segmented and lymphocytes higher than Ref. Range. Serum fat fractions levels were unsets factory, in particular the low levels of omega -6 and omega -3 essential fatty acids; being less than RDA. Fractionation of fatty acids(FA) indicated the low levels of mono- and poly - unsaturated FA. Amino acids analysis revealed that biological value of protein was relatively low for females (94.11%), being evidently low for males protein (65.66%).Conciliation coefficients indicated that macronutrients and micronutrients may play an important effect on the immune function. The result suggested that nutritional education programs should be carried out to increase the awareness of males & females of the faculty of Specific Education Menufiya university so as to avoid overweight and obesity as well as to pay much attention to the balance of nutrients in food.

[Manal A.M. Hasanein, Mona. E.M. Naga and Azza Zohair. Study on Nutritional and Immunological status of adult human. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):313-321]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.43

Keywords: Nutrition, Immune system, Adult human, anthropometric measurements, food pattern, fatty acids, Amino acids.

Full Text

43

44

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Tongue of Albino Mice Offspring from Cadmium Toxicated Dams Treated with Vitamin C and / or Nigella Sativa

Mohamed El-Sakhawy¹ and Sherein Saeid²

¹ Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

shereinpathology@gmail.com

Abstract: Performance of the current study utilized a well elicited CD-1 seventy five (75) albino mice, fifty (50) of which were adult mature females, while the remaining twenty five (25) were adult mature males. The females albino mice were divided into 5 groups, 10 females in each group separated from males for one month, all groups were get the drug doses twice a week for one month before gestation and during pregnancy until delivery. For breeding purposes each 2 females were mated with 1 male from 5 pm. until 9 am. at the following day. Female mice were classified into five groups. Group I; (control group, dams were injected intramuscularly( i.m) with 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline); group II; (dams were injected i.m. with 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride (Cd Cl₂) dissolved in 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline); group III; (were injected i.m. with Cd Cl₂ as in group II, plus i.m. injection of 10 mg/ kg body weight of vitamin C. group IV; (were injected i.m. with Cd Cl₂ as in group II and given 50 mg/kg body weight of Nigella sativa orally) and group V; (were injected i.m. with Cd Cl₂ and vitamin C as in group III and Nigella sativa as same as in group IV). After delivery, heads of pups were decapitated. The heads were fixed in Bouin`s fixative and prepared routinely for paraffin sectioning and staining for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. All control group animals were normally developed, as well as the pups of the remaining groups which treated with vitamin C and / or Nigella sativa with cadmium. Immunohistochemical examination of transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-α) revealed that, control pups (group I)expressed a strong immune reaction in the lingual epithelium and lingual muscles. Cadmium treated mice (group II) revealed degenerative changes in the lining epithelium of the tongue and its muscles. The intermuscular connective tissue was oedematous. This group showed negative immune TGF-α reaction. Cadmium and vitamin C treated animals (group III) expressed moderate TGF-α reaction in the tongue epithelium and faint reaction in the underlying connective tissue cells. Animals treated with cadmium and Nigella sativa (group IV) expressed the same immune reaction as in group III. Cadmium, vitamin C and Nigella sativa treated pups (group V) expressed strong immune reaction of TGF-α similar to that of control group.

[Mohamed El-Sakhawy and Sherein Saeid. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Tongue of Albino Mice Offspring from Cadmium Toxicated Dams Treated with Vitamin C and / or Nigella Sativa. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):322-326 ]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.44

Keywords: Albino mice, Cadmium, tongue, vitamin C, Nigella sativa, and TGF-α

Full Text

44

45

Evaluation of Nutrition and Health Status among Children with Diabetes.

Manal A. Hassanein¹, Intessar Sultan²

¹Department of Food Science, Faculty of Family Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.

drmanal.hasanin@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nutrition obviously plays a part in the development of overweight, obesity among children with diabetes. The present study aimed to measure nutritional status, anthropometric measurements, food pattern, fatty acids and increased risk of diabetes children.Aiming to assess the nutritional status, body measurements, food pattern and increased risk among diabetic children, a random sample of forty cases, age ranged between 7-13 years, were chosen from maternity and children hospital at Madina, Saudi Arabia. Results of present study revealed that boys were younger with lower weight and height compared to girls. The most frequent symptoms were polyuria. Mean macronutrients intake for boys and girls were higher than 100% of DRI, except for calories, calcium, iron and vitamin A intakes of girls were less than 100%. Mean percent of omega-6 FA (% of RNI) was higher in girls while omega-3 FA (% of RNI) was higher in boys. These results reflects the increased amount of the fiber intake, fruits, vegetables and legumes among these children and increasing milk and milk products in the diet and decreasing snack and fast foods. Increasing nutrition knowledge.

[Manal A. Hassanein, Intessar Sultan. Evaluation of Nutrition and Health Status among Children with Diabetes. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):327-334]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.45

Keywords: Nutrition,children,diabetes, anthropometric measurements, food pattern, fatty acids.

Full Text

45

46

Modifications in photosystem 1 induced by iron deficiency in Thermosynechococcus elongatus

El-Mohsnawy, Eithar

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, 22713, Egypt.

Visitor Researcher at Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany

eithar2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: Iron is considered one of the most essential elements required by all organisms. The vital role of iron for photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria is its involvement as cofactor in a lot of enzymes, photosynthetic complexes and electron transport carriers. Photosystem 1 in Thermosynechococcus elongatus is existed in trimeric form that contains 12 Fe atoms / monomer. The production of IsiA (Iron starvations induced protein A) due to iron deficiency was accompanied with several hypotheses for its function. The adopted manuscript investigates the exact function of this supercomplex. The use of room temperature absorption spectra and 77K fluorescence emission and excitation spectral analysis of native and purified PS1-IsiA supercomplex exhibited existing of ß-carotene molecules within the investigated supercomplex. The combination of chromatographic fractionation with spectroscopical analysis proved monomerization of some trimeric photosystem 1 complexes. In addition, the ability of phycobilins to energy transfers to the bulk chlorophylls of photosystem 1 was not affected by IsiA protein. Activity measurements using O₂-consumption techniques showed low O₂ consumption of PS1-IsiA supercomplex compared to trimeric PS1, moreover, it was remarkably enhanced by increasing the light intensity. Finally, it could be concluded that Thermosynechococcus elongatus cells synthesis chlorophyll containing IsiA ring around PS1 to act as screen that absorbs the incident light to photosystem 1, hence the rate of electron flow is reduced. This ring contains ß-carotene molecules that dissipate energy from ring chlorophylls and consequently save the structure of photosystem 1 from damage under iron limitation conditions.

[El-Mohsnawy, Eithar. Modifications in photosystem 1 induced by iron deficiency in Thermosynechococcus elongates. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):335-341]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.46

Key words: Thermosynechococcus elongatus, Photosystem 1, IsiA, 77K fluorescence emission spectra, 77K fluorescence excitation spectra, O₂-consumption.

Full Text

46

47

Vitamin D Levels and its Relation to Blood Pressure among Saudi Postmenopausal women:

A Cross-Sectional Study

Lujain F. Almarhoumi^1,2 and Hanan Al Kadi^2,3

¹ Basic Medical Science student, ²Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, ³Centre of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

halkadi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension are common health problems among the Saudi population. Mounting evidence points to the role of optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in the prevention of many chronic disorders including hypertension. Data on the correlation between hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure (BP) level in the Saudi population are lacking. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between vitamin D status and BP in a group of Saudi postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the “Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research” (CEOR) during the year 2013. The study included 31 Saudi postmenopausal women (aged 52-70 years), randomly selected from “Primary Health Care” centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25(OH) D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured by sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay. Blood pressure was recorded with an automated BP monitor (BpTRU) according to a standardized protocol. Linear regression was performed to find out if 25(OH)D was independently associated with BP in this group of women. Results: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found with 68% of the women having levels <50 nmol/L. There was a significant inverse association between 25(OH)D and both systolic and diastolic BP. However, multiple linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D level was independently associated with diastolic BP only. Conclusions: In Saudi postmenopausal women, 25(OH)D level was inversely and independently associated with diastolic BP. Correction of vitamin D deficiency may improve BP control in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Interventional studies to evaluate if attainment of optimal vitamin D status may prevent hypertension are necessary.

[Lujain F. Almarhoumi and Hanan Al Kadi. Vitamin D Levels and its Relation to Blood Pressure among Saudi Postmenopausal women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):342-346]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.47

Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, blood pressure, postmenopausal, Saudi

Full Text

47

48

Supplementationof Pan Bread with Some Cereals Gluten Free to Decrease Risk of Celiac Diseases

Fatima M.M. Al-Subhi

Nutr. and Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Appl. Med. Sci. Umm Al-Qura Univ., Saudi Arabia

subhi822@hotmail.com

Abstract: The present work was conducted to evaluate pan bread blends gluten-free that was obtained using Nigella sativa, sesame and white rice as potential healthy ingredients. The carboxymethyl cellulose and Arabic gum were added separately at levels 3.0 and 1.0 % to the blends as alternative gluten to equal weight levels 10, 20 and 30% from Nigella sativa and sesame plus 80, 60 and 40% rice mill to improve the nutrition value of gluten-free pan bread. Also, in the present work pan bread blends which were evaluated chemically, nutritionally and organoleptically properties, compared with control samples made from rice mill with carboxymethyl cellulose and Arabic gum were added separately at level 3.0 and 1.0 %.  The results showed that the Nigella sativa and sesame had contained the highest protein, total fats, ash, crude fibers and minerals content compared with rice mill. Also, rice mill contained the highest of total carbohydrates.  The sensory evaluation of pan bread showed that the highest score in pan bread blend made from equal weight of Nigella sativaand sesame at 10% and 20% plus 80% and 60% rice mill and 3.0% CMC as alternative gluten. The same prepared blends with 1.0% Arabic gum were very closely similar to the pan bread made from 3.0% CMC in all sensory evaluation. These results were paralleled with alkaline water retention capacity and specific volume in pan bread.  It may be concluded and recommended that the pan bread prepared from equal weight of Nigella sativaand sesame at 10 and 20% levels with 3.0% CMC and 1.0% Arabic gum led to an acceptable quality and high nutrition value for manufacturing of bakery products for celiac patients.

[Fatima M. M. Al-Subhi. Supplementation of Pan Bread with Some Cereals Gluten Free to Decrease Risk of Celiac Diseases. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):347-353]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.48

Keywords: Celiac disease- Gluten-free-Pan bread -Carboxymethyl cellulose - Arabic gum -Organoleptically evaluation.

Full Text

48

49

Using Hull-Less Barley and Flax Seeds Flour to Produce Macaroni for Hyperglycemia Disease in Rats

Maha A. Hejazi

Faculty of Home Economics -King Abdul-Aziz Univ., Saudi Arabia.

maha.hej@hotmail.com

Abstract: This investigation was carried out to prepare macaroni from flax seeds and hull-less barley at different blends. Chemical composition in raw materials, fatty acids content in flax seeds, cooking taste parameters and sensory evaluation in all blends were determined. Biological experiments for four weeks were determined in hyperglycemic rats fed on different blends to give five groups and two controls negative and positive fed on basal diets. The results showed that the flax seeds are rich in protein, fat and total dietary fiber and had contained 21.23, 38.76, and 52.17%, respectively followed by hull-less barley was that contained 15.9, 2.12 and 14.6%, respectively. Linolenic acid (C18:3), a polyunsaturated fatty acid was the predominant fatty acid found in oil flaxseed mill (59.34%). The volume and weight cooking parameters and sensory evaluation of macaroni from equal weight flax seeds and hull-less barley (1:1) blend (5) were the highest parameters and total score followed by 50% flax seeds macaroni blend (3) and 50% hull-less barley macaroni blend (4). At the end of biological experiment the resultant data showed that the macaroni made from equal weight flax seeds and barley blend (5) was significantly decreased in lipids profile and blood sugar of hyperglycemic in rats. Whereas, the blend (3) had contained 50% flax seed lowering lipid profile and blood sugar followed by blend (4) prepared from 50% hull-less barley compared with blends (1 and 2 ) consists of 100 and 50% wheat flour 72% extraction. It could be concluded that the barley-flaxseed composites were unique because they provide the soluble fiber β-glucan that is beneficial for food texture and coronary heart disease prevention along with the health benefits of the omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids of flaxseed.

[Maha A. Hejazi. Using Hull-Less Barley and Flax Seeds Flour to Produce Macaroni for Hyperglycemia Disease in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):354-361]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.49

Keywords: Flaxseed; Barley; Omega-3; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Β-Glucan;Pasting Properties, Wheat semolina

Full Text

49

50

Aquatic Pollutants and Bioremediations [Review]

Mona S. Zaki¹ and Hammam, A. M²

¹Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

²Animal Reproduction and A.I. Department, Veterinary Division National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Around 1500 substances have been listed as pollutants in freshwater ecosystems, and each of them occurs in the following types of freshwater pollutants: Acids & alkalis; Anions; Domestic sewage and farm manures; Detergents; Gases (e.g. chlorine, ammonia); Oil and oil dispersants; Organic toxic wastes (e.g. formaldehyde, phenols); Heat; heavy metals; Food processing wastes; Nutrients (especially phosphates, nitrates); Pesticides; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Pathogens; Radionuclides; etc. The different pollutants put forth different problems to different freshwater ecosystem (Mostly, expressed in the amount of oxygen that is available for fish and other species). This sometimes results in habitat destruction and extinction of local populations. Fish react to stress in different ways, depending on the severity and length of exposure to the stressor. Fish may die almost immediately from shock if the stressor is sufficiently severe or, at the other extreme, they may adapt to a mild or slow developing stressor and suffer no long-teem effects. Fish may also respond to a stressor by altering their physiology to the point that natural resistance and immunity to disease is affected with varying degrees. Many transgenic plants with increased resistance and uptake of heavy metals were developed for the purpose of phytoremediation. Once the rate-limiting steps for uptake, translocation, and detoxification of metals in hyperaccumulating plants are identified, more informed construction of transgenic plants would result in improved applicability of the phytoremediation technology. Immobilization processes may enable metals to be transformed in situ and are particularly applicable to removing metals from aqueous solution. This contribution will outline selected microbiological processes which are of significance in determining metal mobility and which have actual and potential application in bioremediation of metal pollution. These include autotrophic and heterotrophic leaching mechanisms, reductive precipitation, sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation. The present review will discuss the methods used as bioremediation for heavy metals, pesticides and organic xenobiotics.

[Mona S. Zaki and Hammam, A. M. Aquatic Pollutants and Bioremediations. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):362-369]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.50

Keyword: Ecosystem-Pollutants-stress factors-bioremedies-Heavy metals

Full Text

50

51

[Life Sci J 2014;11(2):370-375]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

Withdrawn.

Full Text

51

52

Cloning and Kinetic Properties of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Novel Alkaliphilic BTEX-degrading Pseudomonas sp. HB01

Hamdy A. Hassan^٭, Abu Bakr A. Zein Eldein and Nashwa MH Rizk

Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat city, Egypt. hamdyhassan1973@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays, there has been a special interest in isolation and characterization of alkaliphilic organisms for their ability to degrade aromatic compounds. Alkaliphilic strain, HB01, was isolated from soil in Kafr El Ziat Egypt around some chemical, insecticides, and pesticides producing factories. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny suggested that strain HB01 is a member of the genus Pseudomonas. The focus of this study showed the capability of this strain for BTEX degradation at pH range from 9-11. Based on this analysis, it was hypothesized that BTEX is converted to phenol and then to catechol by phenol hydroxylase components. The resulting catechol undergoes ring cleavage via the meta pathway by Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C2,3O) to form 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C2,3O) was amplified and expressed in E. coli DH5α using pGEM^®-T Easy Vector, Kinetic properties of catechol 2,3 dioxygenase (C2,3O) from alkaliphilic Pseudomonas sp. HB01 were analyzed catechol and 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl could be identified as the preferred substrates. C2,3O from Pseudomonas sp. HB01 had been severely affected and its activity rapidly inactivated by 3-Chlorocatechol. This finding may be necessary in order to estimate the true potential of this strain to be applied in the remediation of BTEX contaminants or natural attenuation of alkaline BTEX contaminated sites.

[Hamdy A. Hassan, Abu Bakr A. Zein Eldein and Nashwa MH Rizk. Cloning and Kinetic Properties of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Novel Alkaliphilic BTEX-degrading Pseudomonas sp. HB01. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):376-384]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.52

Keywords: Alkalophiles, BTEX degradation, Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, 3-Chlorocatechol

Full Text

52

53

Protective role of aqueous medicinal herbal extracts against oxidative stress on Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and RBC fragility

Wajdy Al-Awaida¹*, Muhanad Akash^1,2 , Baker Jawabrah Al-Hourani³

¹Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan; ²On Sabbatical leave from Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; ³Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan. w.alawaida@aum.edu.jo

Abstract: In this paper we investigated the protective effect of the aqueous extracts of Salvia oficinalls, Thymus vulgaris and trigonella Foem–graecum against oxidative stress on Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and erythrocyte hemolysis. G6PD enzyme and red blood cells (RBC) were preincubated with aqueous extracts of different concentrations before adding nitric oxide (NO) donor compounds. The NO donor compounds nitrosocysteine and nitrosoarginine caused strong inhibition on G6PD activities. Those oxidative compounds promoted RBC hemolysis in parallel to their inhibition extents on G6PD activities. The complete protection of both G6PD enzyme activity and red blood cell hemolysis against oxidative stress induced by NO donor compounds was achieved by preincubation with the above mentioned aqueous extracts. Those extracts were able to protect hemolysis in parallel to their activation extents on G6PD activities. Compared to nitrosoarginine, nitrosocysteine showed more effect on both G6PD activity and red blood cells hemolysis. Thus, more aqueous extracts concentration is needed for protection against nitrosocysteine.

 [Wajdy Al-Awaida, Muhanad Akash. Protective role of aqueous medicinal herbal extracts against oxidative stress on Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and erythrocyte hemolysis. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):385-391]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.53

Keyword: Salvia oficinalls; Thymus vulgaris; trigonella Foem–graecum extracts; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Nitrosocysteine; Nitrosoarginine; aqueous extract.

Full Text

53

54

Mixture of Exponentiated Frechet Distribution

M.M. Badr¹ and A.I. Shawky^{2, 3}

¹Statistics Dept., Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²Statistics Dept., Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O.Box 80203, Saudi Arabia.

³Faculty of Eng. at Shoubra, Benha University, P.O. Box 1206, El Maadi 11728, Cairo, Egypt. aishawky@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper, we will discuss the problem of estimating the parameters, reliability and failure rate functions of the finite mixture of two components from exponentiated Frechet distributions (MEFD). The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayes methods of estimation are used. An approximation form due to Lindley (1980) is used for deriving the Bayes estimates under the squared error loss (quadratic loss) and LINEX loss functions. Through Monte Carlo simulation, the mean square errors (MSE'S) of the estimators are computed and compared between them.

[M.M. Badr and A.I. Shawky. Mixture of Exponentiated Frechet Distribution. Life Sci J 2014;11(2): 392-404]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.54

Key words: Exponentiated Frechet distribution (EFD); Maximum likelihood estimation; Bayes estimation; quadratic loss function; LINEX loss function.

Full Text

54

55

Anti-Mullerian Hormone versus Basal FSH in Prediction of Ovarian Function, Quality of the Embryos, and Pregnancy Rate in Infertile Patients Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycles.

Hanan Mostafa Kamel¹, Abdel-Halim El Sayed Amin² and Ahmed Reda Al-Adawy

Departments of ¹Clinical Pathology and ²Obstetrics and Gynecology. El-Minia Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.

halimamin62@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of AMH versus basal FSH measurement for prediction of poor ovarian response, quality of the embryos, and pregnancy rate in infertile patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Study Design: This prospective study included 118 patients, 8 of them were cancelled due to inadequate ovarian response and the remaining 110 continued the study. All patients were subjected to the following on the first 3 days of the cycle prior to starting induction program; full history taken, systematic and local pelvic examination, routine investigations as CBC, liver and kidney function tests, transvaginal ultrasound scan to assess the uterus, ovaries and to exclude any pelvic pathology. Venous blood samples were taken for quantitative FSH, AMH on day 3 of the cycle. All samples centrifuged within 2 hours after withdrawal and serum was stored at – 70^°C until time of assay. A standard long step-down protocol was used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Embryo transfer of maximum three good embryos was done on day three after oocyte retrieval using the Cook catheter. Vaginal progesterone pessaries (Cyclogest^® 400 mg twice daily) were used to support the luteal phase until the day of β-hCG assay. Results: This study included 118 patients undergoing their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Eight cycles (6.8%) were cancelled due to inadequate response and the remaining 110 patients (93.2%) continued the study. Patients were classified according to their response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation into 2 main groups; good responders group (group 1) including 75 patients (68.2%), and poor responders group (group 2) including 35 patients (31.8%). There were statistically significant differences between good and poor responding groups as regards age, types of infertility, duration and causes of infertility, BMI and serum levels of AMH, however, there was no significant differences in the basal levels of FSH between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between good and poor responding groups regarding duration of stimulation, number of HMG ampoules, number of eggs retrieved, number of metaphase II eggs, fertilization rate, quality of the embryos, and both chemical and clinical pregnancy rate. Serum AMH levels at cut-off levels of 2.8 ng/ml is more sensitive, specific, and more predictive of poor ovarian response, quality of the embryos and occurrence of pregnancy either chemical or clinical pregnancy. Conclusion: Simple measuring the basal serum AMH level represents an ideal promising test in prediction of ovarian reserve, good quality of retrieved eggs and fertilized embryos, and for the first time in our knowledge in prediction of occurrence of pregnancy as well. However, measurement of basal FSH serum levels carries no predictive value to predict poor ovarian reserve, quality of retrieved eggs or fertilized embryos or pregnancy rate

[Hanan Mostafa Kamel, Abdel-Halim El Sayed Amin and Ahmed Reda Al-Adawy. Anti-Mullerian Hormone versus Basal FSH in Prediction of Ovarian Function, Quality of the Embryos, and Pregnancy Rate in Infertile Patients Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycles. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):405-410]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.55

Key Words: Ant-Mullerian Hormone, FSH, Ovarian Reserve, Poor Responders, ICSI

Full Text

55

56

Impact of Early Versus Late Tracheostomy on Patients Outcomes (Length of Stay, Ventilation associated Pneumonia and Mortality) at Qena University Hospital

¹Gad S. Gad, ²Samar S. Ahmed and ³Nadia Abdalla Mohamed

¹Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, ²Community Medicine Department; ³Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing; ^1,2Faculty of Medicine and ³Faculty of Nursing, ^1-3South Valley University

drs_samar@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study examined the potential effects of time of tracheostomy on mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU ventilation associated pneumonia (VAP) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital mortality. The data were obtained from prospective Intensive care unit database information on all patients who were admitted and underwent tracheostomy over 2-years period: demography, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICU ventilation associated pneumonia, ICU and hospital length of stay and mortality. The type of tracheostomy procedure is surgical. Tracheostomy was considered early if it was performed before or on day 7 of mechanical ventilation. Of 353 ICU patients, 75 (21.2%) required tracheostomies, 18 of whom were early and 57 were late. Age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II were not different between the two groups. Duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter with early tracheostomy (mean ± standard error: 9.6 ± 1.2 days versus 18.7 ± 1.3 days; with significant P value < 0.0001). Similarly, ICU LOS was significantly shorter with early tracheostomy (10.9 ± 1.2 days versus 21.0 ± 1.3 days; with significant P < 0.0001). ICU ventilation associated pneumonia cases were less in early tracheostomy than the late one (2 cases versus 21 cases, with significant P value = 0.039). ICU mortality rates were similar for the 2 groups. In this study we found that time of tracheostomy is a predictor of mechanical ventilation duration, also using multivariate analysis late tracheostomy was an independent predictor of prolonged ICU stay (>14 days). So; early tracheostomy might lead to significant resources saving without negatively affecting survival.

[Gad S. Gad, Samar S. Ahmed and Nadia Abdalla Mohamed. Impact of Early Versus Late Tracheostomy on Patients Outcomes (Length of Stay, Ventilation associated Pneumonia and Mortality) at Qena University Hospital. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):411-418]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.56

Keywords: Tracheostomy, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Mechanical Ventilation (MV), Length of stay (LOS), Ventilation associated Pneumonia (VAP).

Full Text

56

57

Application of flexible flask for static culture of adherent cells

Xiaolu Zhang ¹,  Ting Yang ¹,  Zhiqiang Han¹, Huitao Liu¹,  Yue Huang ²,  Xiao Sun¹,  Chengyuan Mao¹,  Yuming Xu^{1, †}

¹ Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China

² Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China

Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China

xiaolu19882088@163.com

Abstract：Conventional T-flasks with different sizes and layers are commonly used devices for static cell culture at laboratory scale. Due to their non-deformable structure and requirement of strict manufacture art, the rigid T-flask costs highly in production and transportation and, of course, produces more waste. In this study, we described a pentahedron shaped flexible flask made of a medical application plastic film and reported its application in anchorage-dependent cell culture. The results showed that the flexible flasks achieved compatible efficiencies with T-flasks in the yield, viability and homogenous distribution of Vero cells and 293 cells. We concluded that the atactic polypropylene and styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene-copolymer plastic film was a good biocompatible material with cells and the novel flexible flask is a cost-effective alternative culture vessel for static culture of adherent cells at laboratory scale and possesses several special advantages such as simple to manufacture, foldable to save shipping and storage room and low in waste generation.

[Zhang XL, Yang T, Han ZQ, Liu HT, Huang Y, Sun X, Mao CY, Xu YM. Application of flexible flask for static culture of adherent cells. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):419-423]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.57

Key words: Disposable flexible flask; Static culture; Adherent growth; Vero cell

Full Text

57

58

Cognitive Impairments in Chinese Patients with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy

Su-juan Yang, MD; Chang-he Shi, MD; Cheng-yuan Mao, MD; Hui Fang, MD; Xin-jing Liu, MD; Bo Song, MD; Shi-lei Sun, MD; Yu-ming Xu, MD

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China

E-mail: xuyuming@zzu.edu.cn; Tel: +86-371-66913290, Fax: +86-371-66913290

Abstract: Background: There is a general consensus that degeneration due to spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is restricted to lower motor neurons and androgen insensitivity. However, recent studies suggest that SBMA patients also suffer from cognitive dysfunction. To date, no systematic study evaluating cognitive function of SBMA patients has been published in China. Furthermore, SBMA patients’ visuospatial and constructional functioning is still unclear. Methods: Cognitive function was assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests, which consisted of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Digit Cancellation Test (DCT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale-Digit Span Test (DST). Ten patients with genetically confirmed SBMA and 12 normal controls were enrolled in this study and underwent a clinical, genetic and neuropsychological evaluation. Results: The SBMA patients presented with significant symptoms related to frontal dysfunction as determined by difficulty with completing the DCT, DSST, SCWT, TMT, SCWT, and TMT. However, patients displayed normal performance on the CDT, which indicated that the temporoparietal lobe was likely functionally intact. Furthermore, we found that DCT and DSST scores were correlated with disease duration. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that Chinese patients with SBMA present with cognitive impairments, which mainly manifest as problems with executive function, attention, and working memory.

[Su-juan Yang, Chang-he Shi, Cheng-yuan Mao, Hui Fang, Xin-jing Liu, Bo Song, Shi-lei Sun, Yu-ming Xu. Cognitive Impairments in Chinese Patients with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Life Sci J 2014; 11(2):424-430]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.58

Key words: Kennedy’s Disease; Cognitive impairment; Frontal function

Full Text

58

59

Feedback Control for Anti-Synchronization Chaotic Dynamical Systems

Mahmoud Maheri¹, Norihan Md Arifin², Fudziah Ismail²

  ¹Institute for Mathematical Research, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selengor, Malaysia

  ²Department of Mathematics, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selengor, Malaysia

Abstract: In this paper we studied feedback control for anti-synchronization chaotic dynamical system. Active control schemes applied on two identical Genisio systems and then on two different Liu-Rossler systems based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation by using Maple software are used to show effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

[Mahmoud Maheri, Norihan Md Arifin, Fudziah Ismail. Feedback Control for Anti-Synchronization Chaotic Dynamical Systems. Life Sci J 2014; 11(2):431-435]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.59

Keywords: anti-Synchronization; chaos; Active; control; Genisio system; Liu system; Rossler system

Full Text

59

60

A preliminary study on pollination biology of three species in Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)

Mi-Mi Li, Qin-Qin Yan, Xiao-Qin Sun, Ya-Mei Zhao, Yi-Feng Zhou, Yue-Yu Hang^*

Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Ex-Situ Conservation, Nanjing 210014, China

Limm001@163.com; hangyueyu@gmail.com

Abstract: Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), although a monocot, has many dicotyledonous features and plays a special role in the evolution of angiosperms. Because of a general lack of studies concerning aspects of pollination biology in this genus, three representative species, D. zingiberensis. D. polystachya and D. bulbifera, were investigated to remedy this deficiency. In this study, two repetitive observations of sex ratio and distribution, floral biology, pollination, seed germination of three representative species were studied. D. zingiberensis reproduces sexually with low seed germination rate. D. polystachya reproduces by bulbils on Mt. Wudang and by seeds at Yingxiu. All plants of D. bulbifera at Yingxiu grew from bulbils, but a small percentage of flowers at Mayidui were wind pollinated. The results indicate a possibility of wind pollination in D. zingiberensis. However, D. polystachya is pollinated by thrips. D. bulbifera is wind pollinated in regions where staminate and pistillate plants are intermixed. We deduced that the evolutionary trend in the flowers of Dioscorea ranges from totally open to half closed to nearly closed. And the sexual reproduction of Dioscorea species is obstructed.

[Li MM, Yan QQ, Sun XQ, Zhao YM, Zhou YF, Hang YY. A preliminary study on pollination biology of three species in Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). Life Sci J 2014;11(2):436-444] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.60

Keywords: Dioscorea, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea polystachya, Dioscorea zingiberensis, pollination biology

Full Text

60

61

Characterization of the Optically Stimulated Luminescence nanoDot for CT Dosimetry

Muhammad Yusuf¹, Abdelhamid  Saoudi^2,3, Nazeeh Alothmany⁴, Dheya Alothmany¹, Sameer Natto⁵, Hattan Natto⁶, Nurul Islam Molla⁶, Noor Mail^2,3, Ahmad Hussain¹, Abdulraheem Abdulrahman Kinsara¹

¹Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

²King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Princess Norah Oncology Center (PNOC), National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  ⁴Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

⁵Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

⁶Center of Training and Radiation Protection, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Email: myusufprajogo@gmail.com

Abstract: To characterize point dose response of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) nano dot detector (OSLD) for computed tomography (CT) dosimetry and compare it with the data obtained with various ionization chambers. The OSLD was calibrated at 125 kVp and 15 mAs. A point dose measurement was performed on a custom-made-cylindrical-water phantom (20 cm diameter and 46 cm length) with scan length from 5 to 40 cm range using OSLD. The OSLD was characterized in terms of linearity, re-readability, signal fading, angular dependence, surface dose profile etc. The relative response of OSLD was compared with three PTW ionization chambers:Semiflex 0.125 cm³, Farmer 0.6 cm³ and Pencil 3.14 cm³. The OSLD calibration was achieved to be 52.83±7 counts/mRad. The OSLD were reasonably linear with R2 of 0.9989. The average variation OSLD response during rereadability test was ±1.38%. Negligible variation has been seen after 30minutes resting. The maximum angular dependence was 2%. The variations between the PTW ionization chambers and OSLD for a scanning length of 5-10 cm and 15-40 cm were 8% and 0.5%, respectively.

[Muhammad Yusuf, Abdelhamid Saoudi, Nazeeh Alothmany, Dheya Alothmany, Sameer Natto, Hattan Natto, et al. Characterization of the Optically Stimulated Luminescence nanoDot for CT Dosimetry. Life Sci J 2014; 11(2):445-450]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.61

Keywords: OSL; nano dot detector; dosimetry; ionization chamber

Full Text

61

62

Use of Multi Media Chemical Compounds for Removing Murexide from Wastewater

Sawsan Mohamed Abu El Hassan Mosa^1&2

¹Suez Canal University, Faculty of Education El Arish, Egypt

²Shaqra University, Faculty of Science and art Sijer ^*

E-mail: sawsan22005@hotmail.com

Abstract: Study depending on using of multi media of chemical compounds consists of activated carbon, sand and hydrogen peroxide in order to treatment wastewater which contained of many dyes. Raw effluents passed through multi media of chemical compounds to study its efficiency in removal of pollutant from wastewater. The highest and lowest value of organic load value of the waste have been chosen for treatment from 30min. to 6 hrs. Comparison was carried out between activated carbon, sand and used H₂O₂ in order to find the most effective of removal. The results showed that a mixture of activated carbon and sand is more effective than sand alone. Also, chemical method using H₂O₂ is more effective than sand.

[Sawsan Mohamed Abu El Hassan Mosa. Use of Multi Media Chemical Compounds for Removing Murexide from Wastewater. Life Sci J 2014;11(2):451-455] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62. doi:10.7537/marslsj110214.62

Keywords: Multi Media; Chemical Compound; Murexide; Wastewater

Full Text

62