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Study on avian diversity of thal desert (district jhang), punjab, pakistan

Shahid Mahboob* ^{1, 3} Zaib-U-Nisa², Alkahem Al-Balawi, H. F ¹, Fahad Al-Misned¹, Z. Ahmad¹ and S. Sultana ³

¹Department of Zoology, College of Science P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Environmental Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

shahidmahboob60@hotmail.com

Abstract: Thal Game Reserve area of district Jhang was surveyed from December, 2008 to November, 2009 on the monthly site visit basis to study the population of wild bird species of the area. The survey method included on site direct observations with the naked eye in the morning and evening. Two transects i.e. one of 10 km in length and 500 m in width for larger birds, whereas second of 10 km in length and 200 m in width for smaller birds were studied. Seventy six plant species belonging to twenty five families were recorded from the area. All these plant species supported the population of avifauna directly or indirectly by providing food, water, shelter, roosting or parching. We recorded 55 bird species belonging to 42 genera from 28 families representing 13 orders from the area. Among these species 13 bird species were migratory and winter visitor, 5 migratory but summer breeder, 1 ordinary migrant and 36 residents which were found throughout the year. A total of 2550219 birds was estimated in the Thal Game Reserve area. The maximum population of birds was estimated during the month of December, 2008 (11.13%) and January, 2009 (10.57%) whereas the minimum population of birds was estimated during April (4.30%), May (5.82%) and June, 2009 (6.7%). The maximum diversity in the avifauna of Thal desert was found during the summer (D=0. 11) and autumn (D= 0.11) seasons while minimum during spring (D=0.14) season. Illegal hunting, livestock grazing, tree and bush cutting for fuel wood collection, shortage of food and water during summer and vegetation exploitation were recorded the major threats to wild fauna of the area. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to safeguard the very fragile ecosystem and overall biodiversity of Thal desert through management planning of the area.

[Mahboob S, Nisa Z, Alkkahem HF, Almisned, F, Ahmad Z, Sultana S. Study on avaian diversity of Thal desert (district Jhang) Punjab, Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;(11):1-11] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.01

Keywords: Bird; Game Reserve; Migratory; Hunting; Species

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Psychology-Pedagogical Basis of Forming Pupils Healthy

Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Maksat Suyundykovich Moldaliev, Mariya Botaevna Djazdykbaeva, Gulsara Tolebekovna Tokkulova, Malik Zhupanbekovich Sultanbek

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan

bimaganbetova-alina@mail.ru

Abstract: The article deals with psychology-pedagogical basis of forming a pupils (younger pupils, teenagers, and senior pupils) healthy lifestyle. The authors analyzed the literature on psychology and pedagogy on the given topic and performed the work on organizing of the experiment. In the experiment 516 pupils participated in age from 6 to 17 years. The article gives the concepts and a concrete schedule of upbringing of a healthy lifestyle in the process of out-of-school activity. Pedagogical project of the system of complete upbringing of a pupils healthy lifestyle in the course of out-of-school activity it is provided the definition of specific objectives developing literacy about a healthy lifestyle, sensibleness of a healthy lifestyle and the behavior corresponding to a healthy lifestyle, in unity of the contents, forms and methods of their development and self-development in the activity directed on keeping a healthy lifestyle. The article also shows the results of the carried out experimental work among schoolchildren.

[Daniyarov TA, Berkimbaev KM, Bimaganbetova AK, Moldaliev MS, Djazdykbaeva MB, Tokkulova GT, Sultanbek MZ. Psychology-Pedagogical Basis of Forming Pupils Healthy. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):9-15] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.02

Keywords: school, a pupil, a healthy lifestyle, sports, a habit, self-education, psychological-pedagogical concept, innovation, people.

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Modification of the glassy carbon electrode with Multi-walled carbon nanotube/1, 4-dihydroxy Anthraquinone/chitosan As a potentiometric pH sensor

Meisam Asghari

 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sistan & Baloochestan, Iran.

Email: mei_asghari_chem@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, the electrochemical behavior of 1, 4-dihydroxy anthraquinone (Q) is investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in different pH. The results have been shown one redox wave in aqueous solution and the redox wave shifted to negative potential with increasing pH. The half potential (E _1/2) for redox wave was linear in the pH range form 1.5 to 7.0. A modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is prepared using an appropriate mixture of Q/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Chitosan. The electrochemical behaviors of sensor were studied in different pH. The half potential (E_1/2) of the redox wave was shifted to negative potential with increasing pH. It is found the E_1/2 for redox wave was linear over a range of 11 pH units in pH range between 1.0 and 12.0 the values of correlation coefficient and RSD are 0.997 and 1.99% respectively which is so better than previous method.

[Meisam Asghari. Modification of the glassy carbon electrode with Multi-walled carbon nanotube/1, 4-dihydroxy Anthraquinone/chitosan As a potentiometric pH sensor. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):16-18]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.03

Key words: multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chitosan, pH sensor, 1, 4-dihydroxy anthraquinone

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Feasibility Study of Tourism Development Impacts on Stable Regional Development Dimensions: The Case Study

Rahim Abdollah Fam¹ and Parviz Kesavarz²

¹ Department of Social Science, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran.

² (Corresponding Author), Department of Management, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran.

E-mail: parviz.keshawarz@gmail.com

Abstract: Without a doubt one of the most important challenges the region programmers are facing in many countries are issues related to sustainability and sustainable regional development. There are several factors that could have influenced the sustainable development in the region. One of these factors could be tourism and its consequences. Comprehensive study of the impact of tourism in the region requires a regional study in the context of sustainable development. District of Kandovan Tourism with over 850 years of being in the western foothills of the Sahand Mountains in the East Azerbaijan province has an influential impact in attracting Tourism and regional & national development by diverse and pristine nature and cultural and historical authenticity. The present study reviews the concepts of sustainable tourism, sustainable development implications of tourism on the region. This method is based on analytic methods for data collection and data archival and field methods have been used. Statistical Society is Tourism and tourists as well as residents and officials in the region that Cochran method is being used to determine the number of samples. Achieved sample size is 341 people from a random distribution of the questionnaire. Results gathered represent that despite positive economic impact on some aspects of the social and environmental aspects, results are often negative that help to regional instability.

[Abdollah Fam^, R., and Kesavarz, P. Feasibility Study of Tourism Development Impacts on Stable Regional Development Dimensions: The Case Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):19-26] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.04

Keywords: Tourism, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Regional Development, Kandovan Tourism Area

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The Effects of Allium porrum and Medicago sativa on Iron Concentration in Thalassemia Serums

Ali Mirzaei¹, Mojtaba Abbasi², Somayyeh Sepehri³, Mahsa Mirzaei¹*

¹Medicinal plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

²Veterinary Department, Islamic Azad University, Shahrkord Branch, Shahrkord, Iran.

³Department of Biotecnology, Ferguson College, Pune University – 414001, Maharashtra, India.

*Corresponding Author: Mahsa.mirzaee@rocket.com.

Abstract: Iron overload is a major problem in Beta thalassemia patient due to regular blood transfusions. Regularly iron chelation is more recommended after 10-20 blood transfusions practice or when serum ferritin is more than 1000 ng /ml. The aim of present study was evaluated of chelating activity of Allium porrum and Medicago sativa. Materials and Methods: The total phenol, antioxidant activity and chelation capacity of plant extracts were estimated. For in vitro study of iron chelating, plant extracts were expose with serum thalassemic for 2h. Results: Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Hydro- alcoholic and phosphate buffer extracts were reported with maximum and minimum contents respectively. Iron content in thalassemia and control serums was estimated 181.6 ± 18.1 and 87 ± 17.3 respectively. A significant difference was found between iron concentrations in absence and presence extracts p<0.001. Iron levels in normal and thalassemia significantly reduced when exposed with plants extracts especially in Medicago sativa in phosphate buffer p<0.001. Iron concentration in serums control (86.9) after mixed with Medicago sativa phosphate buffer extract 66.2 ± 4.07 and Allium porrum phosphate buffer extract 75.2 ±6.8 were reported. Conclusion: Medicago sativa and allium porrum with high iron chelating activity was a good plant chelator for in vitro study. These extracts can be a candidate for treatment of iron overload.

[Ali Mirzaei, Mojtaba Abbasi, Somayyeh sepehri, Mahsa Mirzaei. The Effects of Allium porrum and Medicago sativa on Iron Concentration in Thalassemia Serums. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):27-31]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.05

Key words: β- Thalassemia major, iron chelating, Iron overload,Medicago sativa, Allium porrum

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Assessment of pesticide residues in water, sediments and muscles of Cyprinus Carpio from Head Balloki in the River Ravi

Shahid Mahboob^{1’ 2}, Fakhra Niazi², Salma Sultana² and Zubair Ahmad¹

^{1, 2}Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11455, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

²Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan

shahidmahboob60@hotmail.com

Abstract: The present study investigated the presence and potent source of pesticides and specific pesticide bearing effluent release points on the River Ravi at Balloki Headworks (BH). The levels of selected organochlorine and nitrogen containing pesticide residues were assessed in water, sediments and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio of five different weight groups collected from five different sampling sites on the River Ravi at BH by using HPLC (Reverse phase chromatography). Six pesticide residues viz., endosulfan, carbofuran, cypermethrin, prophenophos, triazophos and deltamethrin were detected in muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio The endosulfan and profenofos were the most abundant pesticides recorded in the fish tissue.Profenofos and cypermethrin were dominant pesticides recorded in the water samples from the River Ravi at BH. Cypermethrin and triazophos were not detected in the sediment samples.

[Mahboob S, Niazi F, Sultana S. Assessment of pesticide residues in water, sediments and muscles of Cyprinus Carpio from Head Balloki in the River Ravi. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):32-38]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.06

Keywords: Fish; HPLC; River Ravi, pesticides; sediments; water

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Studies on Feeding Ecology of fresh water fish (Barbus arabicus)Dwelling in "Beesh Dam", Jazan, saudi Arabia.

Ali H. Hakami*, Hmoud F. Alkahem Al-Balawi, Zubair Ahmad, Shahid Mahboob, Elamin M. Suliman. and K. A. Al-Ghanim

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (zahmed@ksu.edu.sa)

Abstract: A study was conducted to examine the feeding ecology of Barbus arabicus, a fish species endemic to Saudi Arabia. The specimens of B. arabicus were collected from Beesh Dam, Jazan region. The various types of food recovered from the stomach of fishes indicated that it is an omnivorous fish. The results obtained indicated that this fish species prefer to feed on phytoplankton mostly on the members of bacillariophyceae. There were insignificant differences in the quality of food consumed by the fishes of different size groups. The frequency of occurrence of various food items in the diet of B. arabicus of various sizes was high. The higher values of diet overlap index showed the sharing of various food items by B. arabicus of different sizes. The highest overlap index (0.98) was recorded in winter between group1 and group3 whereas the lowest (0.67) in fall between group2 and group3. The diet breadth index for all size groups were between 0.30-0.588 and showed little variation among the fishes of various sizes in different seasons.

[Hakami AH, Alkahem HF, Ahmad Z, Mahboob S, Suliman EM, Al-Ghanim KA. Studies on Feeding Ecology of fresh water fish (Barbus arabicus) Dwelling in "Beesh Dam", Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):39-45] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.07

Key words: Freshwater fish, diet overlapping, diet breadth index, frequency of occurrence

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Stock Market Liquidity, Firm Characteristics and Dividend Payout

Seyedali Seyedkkhosroshahi*¹, Amirmahdi Sabaei², Parisa Vatankhah³

 ^1. M.A. of financial management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

^2. M.A. student of financial management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^3. M.A. student of insurance management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Firms have two choices about earning: paying out as a dividend, or reinvestment as a retained earnings. In a market without any restrictions on trading, rational investors with liquidity needs can choose between dividend and selling stocks at no cost. In this article the relationship between turnover, considering free float as liquidity criterion, and the amount of dividend payout is investigated and the firm characteristics including size, profitability and growth opportunities are controlled. The result of the linear regression model shows that the investors in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) do not consider stock turnover rate as a variable which explains the amount of dividend. Also, the relationship between size and growth opportunities with dividend has not been confirmed; but profitability has a positive significant relationship with dividend. On the other hand, investors in TSE use the profitability as a criterion to determine the dividend.

[Seyedali Seyedkkhosroshahi, Amirmahdi Sabaei, Parisa Vatankhah. Stock Market Liquidity, Firm Characteristics and Dividend Payout. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s): 46-51] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.08

Keywords: Dividend Payout, Trading Volume, Free Float Stock, Firm Characteristics

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A Comparison of Selective Attentions in Equilibrium-oriented and Non-equilibrium-oriented Parent-Child Relationship Patterns in University Students

Fariborz Bagheri¹ (PhD), Razieh Ashuri² (MA)

^1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

^2. Department of Clinical Psychology, Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Introduction and objectives: since the relationship patterns play an important role in the future life of children, the present study aims at studying the effects of equilibrium-oriented and non-equilibrium-oriented (freedom-oriented, security-oriented) patterns in parent-child relationships on the basis of selective attention (focus) in Sabzevar State University. Methodology: to this end, a sample entailing 367 students of Medical University and Hakim Sabzevari University in Sabzevar were randomly selected. The required data were collected using Bagheri’s parent-child relationship patterns questionnaire and d2 test. Findings: the ANNOVA revealed that the students who follow equilibrium-oriented relationship with both parents significantly enjoy a higher selective attention than the ones following non-equilibrium-oriented relationship with both parents. In addition, the efficiency (information processing speed) is significantly higher in these students. Conclusion: it could therefore be said that the parents grow purposeful children using a higher selective attention, which serve as a prerequisite to purposeful activities, by paving the grounds for the formation of rules, experience, individuality, and self-acceptance in children.

[Fariborz Bagheri, Razieh Ashuri. A Comparison of Selective Attentions in Equilibrium-oriented and Non-equilibrium-oriented Parent-Child Relationship Patterns in University Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s): 52-58] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.09

Keywords: child-parent relationship pattern, selective attention, university student

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Food Groups consumption and Macro and Micro-Nutrients Intake among Primary School Students in Torosk Village of Sabzevar

Akram kooshki^1,*, Kazem HassanPour², Mohsen Hiteh³, Mahmood Rivandi⁴

¹Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

²Asistan professor, Department of pediatric, School of medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

³4Master science in research, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

⁴Master science in Organic Chemistry, Bureau of Education, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract: Background: Assessment of dietary intakes among different groups and population is important for improving the health status. This study determines food group and nutrients intake among Primary School Students in Torosk Village of Sabzevar. Materials and Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted on elementary students in Torosk village, sampling method was census. A validated semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. Student’s diets were analyzed by Nutritionist IV software. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical tests. Results: In this study, 78 primary school students in Torosk village were participated that 42 (53.8%) female and 36 (46.2%) were male. Age range 7-12 years, mean age 10.01 ±1.46 years, mean weight and height were 23.27 ± 4.41 kg and 124.64 ± 8.41 cm, respectively. Calcium, zinc, vitamin D and C intake lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) (P <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Students had lower amount of some micronutrients.

[Akram kooshki, Kazem HassanPour, Mohsen Hiteh, Mahmood Rivandi. Food Groups consumption and Macro and Micro-Nutrients Intake among Primary School Students in Torosk Village of Sabzevar. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):59-61] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.10

Keywords: Student, food, nutrients, Torosk, Iran

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Presenting a conceptual model for innovation development in organizations

Zeinab Sadeghi^1,*, Jafar Salemi²

^1. PhD Student in Educational Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

^2. PhD Student in Educational Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

zeinab_sadeghi1291@yahoo.com

Abstract: Organizations require improving innovative methods and creating new positions to develop. Human resource management (HRM) could play a vital role in providing required conditions to conduct people in development of innovative activities. By development of innovative activities, organizations are faced with more instability in innovation process and would require creative staff with flexibility against uncertainty and ambiguity, so there should be more emphasis on these characteristics in their functions and performance. Organizations could encourage employees to creative thinking and innovation by some human resource management functions, such as recruitment, training, participation, performance evaluation and reward systems. Innovation power of an organization is closely associated with its ability to use its knowledge resources. Innovation process involves acquiring, sharing and applying new and available knowledge. Human capital with its knowledge, expertise and skill is a valuable organizational resource. Organizations that effectively enhance employees’ latent knowledge and expertise would be able to create more innovative ideas. So to recognize effective factors in organizational innovation, different aspects of each factor was identified using descriptive method. And a conceptual model is presented to develop innovation in organizations. This model suggests that knowledge management is as a catalyst for human resource management and organizational innovation relation. Accordingly, human resources management affects on innovation through its functions in knowledge management. It means that organizations can use a set of human resources functions, to foster knowledge acquisition, sharing and applying level, and this leads to accelerating and improving employees’ adherence to organizational innovation.

[Zeinab Sadeghi, Jafar Salemi. Presenting a conceptual model for innovation development in organizations. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s): 62-70] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.11

Keywords: innovation, human resource management, knowledge management, innovation development, conceptual model.

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Infectious lesions of oral cavity in HIV patients: A Review

Iman Ghasemzadeh ¹, Forugh Mahmoodi ², Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad ³, Rokhsareh Zare Shahri ^*3, Seyede Asma Namazi ⁴, Payam Sadeghi ³, Seyed Shojaeddin Namazi³, Abbas Paknahad³

^1. Infectious & tropical diseases research center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^2. Hormozgan Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran

^3. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran

^4. Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (YUMS), Yasuj, Iran

Author.paper@yahoo.com

Abstract: Oral lesions of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a leading cause of morbidity among afflicted patients. In this study we summarized the most prevalent oral infections among HIV patients and the appropriate treatments. The most common infection is candidiasis followed by viral infection. The oral lesions have direct association with CD4 lymphocyte count. Also, these conditions are seen less in populations with ART medications. HIV infected patients with oral lesion should be diagnosed and receive appropriate treatment.

[Ghasemzadeh I, Mahmoodi F, Shahrzad ME, Zare Shahri R, Namazi SA, Sadeghi P, Namazi SSh, Paknahad A. Infectious lesions of oral cavity in HIV patients: A Review. Sci J 2013;10(11s):71-77]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.12

Keywords: Oral Ulcer; HIV; Infection

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Comparison of C-Reactive Protein Concentrations of Patients with Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancies

Farzane Atighpour ¹, Minoo Rajaei ¹, Farzane Sharifi ^*2, Azadeh Rahmatian ², Shahram Zare ³

^1. Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^2. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^3. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^*Corresponding Author: Farzane Sharifi, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Journal.hums@gmail.com

Abstract: Preeclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy and is one of the most important causes of maternal and fetal death. This disease usually occurs after the 20^th week of pregnancy. Hypertension, proteinuria and different degrees of end organ damage may be present in this disease. The aim of this study was to compare CRP levels in normal pregnancies with pregnancies involved with preeclampsia. This was a cross sectional study that was conducted in 2012 among pregnant women who attended Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. About 200 participants were included in this study and were divided into three groups with a 1:1:2 ratios. Blood samples were taken from all the participants and the CRP level was measured by the Latex Agglutination test. Data was analyzed with SPSS v.21 software using t-test and descriptive statistics. The CRP level was 17.858 ± 19.7457 in patients of the severe group, 15.106 ± 18.2851 among the mild group and 6.576 ± 7.5491 among the control group. The differences between the CRP levels of the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). On the other hand the difference of the CRP levels of the severe and mild preeclampsia group was not significant ( P-value > 0.05). Our results show that CRP can be known as a risk factor for preeclampsia among pregnant women. Although performing a systematic review is necessary for establishing it as a routine test.

[Atighpour F, Rajaei M, Sharifi F, Rahmatian A, Zare S. Comparison of C-Reactive Protein Concentrations of Patients with Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancies. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):78-80] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.13

Keywords: Preeclampsia, C-Reactive Protein, Case-Control Study.

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High Troponin I Level among Patients with Severe preeclampsia

Aboutaleb Beigi ¹, Atefeh Khezri ^2*, Abdorrahim Khezri ³, Mehrdad Khezri ³

^1. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

^3. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^*Corresponding Author: Atefeh Khezri, Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Journal.hums@gmail.com

Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are still one of the major issues of obstetrics. Few studies have been conducted on the troponin level of pregnant women and the results of these studies are not conclusive, therefore we aimed to investigate the difference between its level among patients with severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. This was a case control study that was conducted on all pregnant women who attended Arash Hospital in 2011-12. In this study, 144 samples were allocated into three groups. For each patient, age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, liver enzymes and platelet counts were collected and the troponin I level was measured in Shahid Rajai laboratory. The level of troponin I was normal if it was below 0.01. The troponin I level of none of the participants of control group was abnormal. Among the patients with mild preeclampsia, only one patient (2.08%) had high levels of troponin I and in the third group, 7 (14.58%) had high levels of troponin I. The difference between the troponin I levels of the severe preeclampsia group and the control group was significant (P=0.01). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the other groups (P>0.05). According to the findings of this study and similar studies, troponin I levels increase more in patients with preeclampsia compared with normotensive pregnancies.

[Beigi Alamdasht A, Khezri A, Khezri A, Khezri M. High Troponin I Level among Patients with Severe preeclampsia. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):81-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.14

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Troponin I, Case-Control Study.

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C-Reactive Protein and Preterm Labor, a Case-Control Study

Minoo Rajaei ¹, Farzane Atighpour ¹, Camellia Madani ^*2, Shahram Zare ³, Mahboubeh Nasrollahi ²

^1. Fertility and Infertility Research center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^2. Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^3. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

^*Corresponding Author: Camellia Madani, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Journal.hums@gmail.com

Abstract: About 75% of prenatal mortality and morbidity is related to preterm labor and infection is a leading cause of preterm labor. Fast, non invasive and simple assessments can predict intrauterine infections in women who have no symptoms. Previous studies have shown relations between serum CRP, MMP-9, IL-6 and preterm labor. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between these markers and preterm labor among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CRP levels and preterm labor. This case control study was conducted in 2012 in Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. One hundred pregnant women with a gestational age below 37 weeks were enrolled in the case group and 100 pregnant women with term deliveries were enrolled in the control group. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, premature rupture of membrane, BMI above 30, and infections were excluded from the study. Blood samples were taken from all the participants to assess CRP levels. Demographic data were also collected. Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 16 using logistic regression, descriptive statistics and odd’s ration. Among 200 participants, the mean age of the participants was 25.91 ± 6.308, and 26.93 ± 5.495 for the case and control group, respectively. The mean CRP level was 19.5082 ± 20.2566 and 6.1467 ± 5.2827 for the case and control group, respectively. This difference was significant (P<0.0001). The results of this study showed that CRP levels can predict preterm labor. However, more studies are necessary to confirm this result.

[Rajaei M, Atighpour F, Madani K, Zare S, Nasrollahi M. C-Reactive Protein and Preterm Labor, a Case-Control Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):84-86] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.15

Keywords: C-reactive protein; Preterm labor; Case-control study

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A Note On Proper Teleparallel Homothetic Motions Of Well Known Spacetime Using Non Diagonal Tetrad

Suhail Khan ¹, Tahir Hussain ², Gulzar Ali Khan ²

^1. Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KPK, Pakistan

^2. Department of Mathematics, University of Peshawar KPK, Pakistan

suhail_74pk@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to find proper homothetic motions for Einstein universe in context of teleparallel theory of gravitation. We have chosen non diagonal tetrads for the above spacetime and applied direct integration technique to obtain teleparallel homothetic motions. It comes out that the above spacetime do not admit proper teleparallel homothetic motions for the choice of non diagonal tetrad field.

[Khan S, Hussain T, Khan GA. A Note On Proper Teleparallel Homothetic Motions Of Well Known Spacetime Using Non Diagonal Tetrad. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):87-90] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.16

Keywords: Teleparallel theory, Tetrad fields, Proper teleparallel homothetic motions.

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Civil society organizations: nature and their role in rural development (A case study of Hazara region of Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province)

Muhammad Luqman¹, Babar Shahbaz¹, Tanvir Ali¹

1. Institute of Agri. Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

extensionpak@gmail.com

Abstract: Efforts by the state to reduce poverty and improve rural livelihoods in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan in general and mountainous regions of the province in particular have gain modest success. The vacuum created by the state and non-government organizations (NGOs) regarding rural development is (sometimes) filled by so called ‘organization’ including village level and religious non-profit organizations. Such organizations claim that they are deeply rooted in the traditional and religious culture of the province, and that they are in a better position to address the issues related to prevailing rural poverty and inequality in the marginalized areas. These organizations and social movements even challenge the state departments in providing basic services to the rural communities. This paper, examined the social organizations in a broader perspective of civil society movement. The data were collected from Abbottabad and Mansehra district of (former) Hazara division of KP. The results showed that the organizations working in the study region can be broadly classified into three categories; the organizations working for rural development/human rights, cultural identity and religious identity. Majority of the organizations was working in both rural and urban areas. It was found that these organizations mostly relied on voluntary staff. In most of the cases, at district and provincial level, these organizations had linkages and networking with other organizations on different issues e.g. for child rights, women rights, rights of forest users and owners, rights of growers and landless labourers.

[Luqman M, Shahbaz B, Ali T. Civil society organizations: nature and their role in rural development (A case study of Hazara region of Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):91-98] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.17

Keywords: Civil society organizations, hazara region, rural development, social movements

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Salinity Effects on External and Internal Morphology of Rose Geranium (Pelargonium graveolensL.) Leaf

Moosa Mahmood Sedibe, Zenzile Peter Khetsha, Ntsoaki Malebo

Department of Agriculture, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa

msedibe@cut.ac.za

Abstract: Salinity is an environmental condition that induces stress on plants especially under high soil salts levels. It limits crop metabolic activities, hampers plant growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites. It also affects osmotic potential in the plant root zone. A complete randomized block design was used to evaluate the effect of salinity applied at 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 mS cm^-1 on external and internal morphology of rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) leaf and treatments were replicated three times. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the morphology of the leaf. Salinity levels induced the development of capitate trichome. Abaxial leaf position had the highest number of trichomes than the adaxial leaf position. A strong polynomial (r²=0.97) relationship was found between capitate trichome and salinity. High densities of capitate trichomes were found at a high salinity level. Although the development of asciiform trichome was induced, it was in an insignificant level, trichomes densities are therefore not affected by salinity. It was therefore concluded that rose geranium might have some degree of tolerance to salinity.

[Sedibe MM, Khetsha ZP, Malebo N. Salinity Effects on External and Internal Morphology of Rose Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) Leaf. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):99-103] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.18

Keywords: Rose geranium, salinity, SEM, TEM, trichome

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Power Indicators of Bar Abrasive Processing

Anatoli Nikolaevich Tyurin

WK Agrarian-Technical University named after of Zhangir Khan, Zhangir Khan Street 51, 090009, Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan

p_gagra@mail.ru

Abstract: Energy approach in modelling of the process of superfinishing allows you to create a more universal model of the process that allows the search of new directions of perfection of technology of final precision processing of a wide range of parts. Factor to energy of single cut abrasive grain at bar to abrasive processing - as generalized factor of cut, since takes into account and power of cutting, depth, length, and volume of single cut is considered in the article. Each of these factors characterizes the cut on the one hand, but factor to energy of single cut characterizes the nature of cut by abrasive grain as a whole.

[Tyurin A.N. Power Indicators of Bar Abrasive Processing. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):104-107] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.19

Keywords: bar abrasive processing, superfinishing, energy of cutting, cutting moshchnost

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The Concept of Universalization in the Law of the Constitution

Denis Valerievich Vokhmyanin

Branch of Not State Educational Institution of the Higher Vocational Training “the St.-Petersburg Institute of Foreign Economic Relations, Economy and the Rights” in Perm, Perm 614022, Russia

vdw2006@yandex.ru

Abstract: Talking about the concept of universalization in the Law of the Constitution, we should first note that it is directly connected with the theories and concepts of universalization developed under the frameworks of other sciences and departments of knowledge. The studies of universaly predetermined outcome in the regularities of the social developments were made through the logic of adverting to the socio-cultural tendencies which are responsible for the exertion of universality as social characteristics. The significant tendency of universalization of the world is the tendency of globalization, the studying of which is based on the concept of the postindustrial society, post-national world and phenomenological compression characterized by the turnover and precarity of modern times.

[Vokhmyanin D.V. The Concept of Universalization in the Law of the Constitution. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):108-112] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.20

Keywords: rights, freedoms and liabilities of personality, guarantee of the rights, principles of constitutional status of personality.

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The Lyrical Hero in the Works of Kazakh’s Poet Shakarim Kudaiberdiev

Aray Kanapyanovna Zhundibayeva ¹, Kulbek Sarsenovich Ergobekov ¹ and Arap Slamovich Espenbetov ²

¹ International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H. A. Yassawi, The building of Administration.

Republic of Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan region, 161200, Turkestan city, prospectus B.Sattarvanov, d.29

² Semey State university named after Shakarim on the city Semey

Republic of Kazakhstan, 071410 East Kazakhstan region, Semey city, Glinky street, 20A

aray777@hotmail.com

Abstract: Shakarim Kudaiberdiev is one of the Kazakh poets, who possess great skills of writing with a whole beauty of the words, content-richness of the text, and depth of knowledge and art novelty which is transferend into the text. Words which are rhymend in his own way show deepness of thoughts in his own works. Shakarim is a poet, a thinker and a person who raised a word art on a new level. For today, objective of the Kazakh literature as science is the overall studying of Shakarim’s heritage. We know poetic skills of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev very well, his direction in a native literature and a unique style of his works. Looking at features of rhyming, dividing Shakarim’s lyrics on the sociopolitical lyrics (in the same place the philosophical lyrics, at the same time, educational, civil and instructive), the sincere lyrics, lyrics about the nature, we were convinced that works of the poet is very difficult creations.

[Zhundibayeva A.K., Ergobekov K.S. Espenbetov A.S. The Lyrical Hero in the Works of Kazakh’s Poet Shakarim Kudaiberdiev. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):113-117] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.21

Keywords: lyric, Kazakh Literature, Shakarim introduction (Shakarimtanu - Reading and exploring the Kazakh poet Shakarim Kudayberdiev’s works).

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Development of ways of strategic management system improvement of the information and telecommunication sector companies of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Bolatkyzy Aigul¹, Sadvakassova Aigul²

¹DBA student, International Academy of Business, Kazakhstan

²Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, High School of Business "EurAsia", President, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail.com

Abstract: In the article questions of information and telecommunication companies strategic management in Kazakhstan were considered. The condition of strategic management level in the enterprises of Kazakhstan at the present stage is analysed. Strategic problems in information and technological area are considered, stages of preparation of strategy management in information andtelecommunication company.

[Bolatkyzy A., Sadvakassova A. Development of ways of strategic management system improvement of the information and telecommunication sector companies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):118-122] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.22

Keywords: Strategic management, information and telecommunication systems, efficiency, innovative management.

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Growth and body composition of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis fed testes 3X supplemented diet

Zubair Ahmad

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; zahmed@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: Supplementation of the minced meat diet with a homoeopathic glandular preparation (Testes 3X) promoted growth of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis and increased the tissue concentrations of RNA, protein and glycogen. DNA content per unit weight of tissue declined. Presumably, cellular DNA content remained constant. Testes 3X ingredient caused lipolysis and hydration in the body tissue. RNA/DNA ratio emerged as an index of the living condition of fish. Specific growth rate, Food conversion efficiency and food quotient were enhanced after the supplementation of testes 3X.

 [Ahmad Z. Growth and body composition of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis fed testes 3X supplemented diet. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):123-128]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.23

Key words: Fresh water fish, growth, testes 3X, RNA, DNA, protein

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Anexiety and Agression Disorders of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease on Regular Hemodialysis

Sanaa. M El Sadek ¹, Taghread El Shafee², Manal M Zaher¹, Manal Abd El-Salam¹, Maha A Nouh³

Pediatric Department, ¹ Psychiatric Department, ² Faculty Of Medicine For Girls, Al-Azher University, Cairo Egypt

³Pediatric Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

sanasdk5@Gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Chronic hemodialysis is an established treatment of end stage renal disease which maintains the lives of individuals who otherwise would have succumbed to a uremic death. However, this method of treatment raises certain psychological, social and ethical issues, anxiety and aggression are the most common disorders. Aim: to evaluate psychological problems including aggression and anxiety disorders in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on regular hemodialysis compared to children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and healthy children. Patients And Methods: this study included 20 children with CKD on regular hemodialysis, and 20 children with ADHD, they were selected from hemodialysis unit and psychiatric departments of AL –zahraa hospital, Al-Azher university.Also the study included 20 healthy children age and sex matched as a control group. Aggression and anxiety scores (CAS) were assessed for all the participated groups. Results: the mean aggression scores sowed higher degrees in children with ADHD and CKD patients compared to the control group. Anxiety score was higher in CKD patients on regular hemodialysis compared to children with ADHD and the control group. Aggression and anxiety has been found in 100% of CKD patients. A significant positive correlations between the presence of aggression and anxiety and the duration of hemodialysis. Conclusion: psychiatric disorders, mainly anxiety are prevalent in our CKD patients on regular hemodialysis.A significant positive correlation between aggression and anxiety scores and the duration of hemodialysis so bring attention to the severity of medical illness that can be of great influence in the child behavior and planning treatment strategies is essential to improve treatment outcome.

[Sanaa.M El Sadek, Taghread El Shafee, Manal M Zaher, Manal Abd El-Salam, Maha A Nouh. Anexiety and Agression Disorders of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease on Regular Hemodialysis. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):129-134] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.24

Keywords: Aggression, anxiety, ADHD, CKD,hemodialysis

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1-¹⁴C Linoleoyl-COA Desaturation into Diverse Lipid Classes of Dracocephalum moldavica Cotyledons

MOHAMMED ABDEL-REHEEM^{1, 2*}, AND DAVID HILDEBRAND³

¹Research Center, College of Science, King Saud Univ., Riyadh, KSA, ²Biochemistry Dept. Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt; ³Plant Science Dept., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 4056-0091, USA

matbio2020@gmail.com

Abstract: To elucidate factors that contribute to the high 18:3 content of Dracocephalum moldavica (D. moldavica), a pulse-chase study of radiolabled ¹⁴C linoleoyl-CoA was carried out at an early and late stage of embryo triglyceride (TG) synthesis. In D. moldavica ¹⁴C-18:2 incorporation in PC increased and ¹⁴C-18:3 decreased, meanwhile the opposite was observed in TG (the incorporation of ¹⁴C-18:3 in TG is two-fold that of ¹⁴C-18:2 in PC). This suggests that both ω-3 desaturase is effectively desaturating ¹⁴C -18:2 in PC and acyltransferases are selectively transferring ¹⁴C -18:3 into TG. Also ¹⁴C -18:3 increased in D. moldavica TG indicates that most of the 18:2 was desaturated to 18:3 before transfer to the free fatty acid/acyl-CoA pool in D. moldavica.

 [MOHAMMED ABDEL-REHEEM, AND DAVID HILDEBRAND. 1-¹⁴C Linoleoyl-COA Desaturation into Diverse Lipid Classes of Dracocephalum moldavica Cotyledons. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):135-143] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.25

Keywords: Dragonhead, Lipid classes, Fatty acids.

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Incorporation of ¹⁴C 18:2 into Different Lipid fractions of Glycine max Cotyledons

MOHAMMED ABDEL-REHEEM^{1, 2*}, AND DAVID HILDEBRAND³

¹Research Center, College of Science, King Saud Univ., Riyadh, KSA, ²Biochemistry Dept. Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt; ³Plant Science Dept., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 4056-0091, USA

matbio2020@gmail.com

Abstract: a pulse-chase study of radiolabled ¹⁴C linoleoyl-CoA was carried out at an early and late stage of embryo triglyceride (TG) synthesis of in order to investigate factors that contribute to fatty acids content of normal oilseeds such as Glycine max (Soybean). Data indicate that ¹⁴C-18:2 is rapidly removed from PC and incorporated directly into TG. Also no significant changes occurred in ¹⁴C -18:3 levels in soybean. This indicates that desaturase activity decreased during the late stage in soybean embryos and most of ¹⁴C -18:2 was released from PC and incorporated into TG without being converted into 18:3.

 [MOHAMMED ABDEL-REHEEM, AND DAVID HILDEBRAND. Incorporation of ¹⁴C 18:2 into Different Lipid fractions of Glycine max Cotyledons. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):144-152] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.26

Keywords: Glycine max, Lipid classes, Fatty acids

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Effect of Adding Risperidone to Fluoxetine in Treatment of Obsession Compulsion Disorder Patients

Faezeh Tatari¹, Habibollah Khazaei¹, Fahimeh Jahandar¹, Mansour Rezaei^2*

1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social development and health promotion research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

* Corresponding author: PhD, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran, Tel: +98-831-4274618 (-21), Fax: +98-831-4276477, Email: rezaei39@yahoo.com

Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has the lowest response to treatment among anxiety disorders. Although specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of this disorder, about 50% of these patients experience no improvement by these medications. According to the lower response of OCD to treatment compared with other anxiety disorders, the goal of many studies is to use additional treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding risperidone to fluoxetine in these patients. In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, one group received the treatment with fluoxetine-placebo while another group was under treatment with fluoxetine-risperidone. The “Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale” was used to assess obsession severity before treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 88 patients with OCD (cleaning obsessions) were involved in the study. The cure rate was compared in the two groups by using Friedman, Chi-square, U Mann-Whitney and t tests. In this study, 6 weeks after the treatment, cure rate with risperidone in 12 patients (66.7%) was higher than the placebo in6 patients (33.3%). However, after that the mean of Yale–Brown Scale in the two groups was similar (15.2 (6.0) vs. 15.2 (5.1); (P=0.982). According to the present study, adding risperidone to fluoxetine did not have a long-term effect on increasing the response to treatment in patients with OCD.

[Faezeh Tatari, Habibollah Khazaei, Fahimeh Jahandar, Mansour Rezaei. Effect of Adding Risperidone to Fluoxetine in Treatment of Obsession Compulsion Disorder Patients. Life Sci J 2013; 10(11s):153-157]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.27

Key words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, fluoxetine, risperidone.

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The environmental impact on the hydrogeochemical characterization of the

Kurkar aquifer system, Gaza strip, Palestine.

El Kammar¹, M.M., El Kashouty¹, M, Al Agha², M., and Arafat², H.

¹ Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,

 ² Islamic University, Geology Department, Gaza

Corresponding author: mmelkammar@hotmail.com

Abstract: The Gaza strip is suffering groundwater deterioration as a result of high population density where the outflow exceeds inflow by about 20 Mm³/y. This quantity of water is believed to be replaced by deep seawater intrusion and/or upconing of deep brines in the southern areas or by anthropogenic wastewater. Large cones of depression have been formed over the last 40 years within the Gaza, Khan Younis, and Rafah governorates. The salinity increases in the northwestern and the southeastern parts of Gaza Strip. Nitrate and chloride exceed the WHO maximum permissible limits and are considered as the major pollutants of the aquifer, their high concentration values are attributed to agricultural activity and leaked wastewaters as well as the scarcity of the resource. The cluster analysis (Q-mode) classified the data into 5 clusters and 3 independent cases depending upon salinity and nitrate concentrations. The rotated factor analysis identified 3 factors. The AquaChem program clarified that the study area was supersaturated with calcite and dolomite and undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite minerals. In general, the groundwater was unsuitable for drinking according to their TDS and NO₃ contents. The groundwater can be used in permeable soils for irrigation purposes.

[El Kammar, M.M., El Kashouty, M, Al Agha, M., and Arafat, H. The environmental impact on the hydrogeochemical characterization of the Kurkar aquifer system, Gaza strip, Palestine. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):158-169]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.28

Keywords: environmental assessment, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, modeling, Gaza strip.

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Geochemical characterization of Middle Eocene sediments in Helwan area, Greater Cairo, Egypt

Mohamed M. El Kammar

Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Corresponding author : mmelkammar@hotmail.com

Abstract: The Middle Eocene sediments of Qurn and Wadi Garawi formations exposed in the area east of Helwan have been categorized on geochemical basis. Major oxides and trace elements, including the REE, were determined by ICP-MS. This work focuses on the role of the clastic admixture and diagenetic processes on the geochemistry of the marine carbonates. The normalization of the clay-rich limestone to the almost pure limestone points to the significant role of clay admixture as prominent accumulator of trace elements, especially Cu, Pb, Ni, U, Th and REE. The analyzed sediments were generally depleted in Ce, suggesting an influential role of marine conditions, especially when clayey and ferruginous materials are not abundant. The marine versus terrestrial character was best documented by the Y/Ho ratio in the studied sediments. Heavy metals such as Cr, V and As were scavenged by the ferruginous material. The recrystallization of carbonate leads to purification of carbonate sediments, hence, the depletion in content of most major and trace elements. The REE pattern of the recrystallized carbonate displayed clear tetrad effect.

[Mohamed M. El Kammar. Geochemical characterization of Middle Eocene sediments in Helwan area, Greater Cairo, Egypt. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):170-178]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.29

Keywords: REE; geochemistry; Maadi Group; limestone; Eocene; Egypt.

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[Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):179-183] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

 Withdrawn

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Fatty acids composition and lipid content from muscle tissue of clam Amiantis umbonella (Bivalve) in the Persian Gulf Coasts (Bushehr)

Abdolhossein Rustaiyan¹, Keivandokht Samiee², Mina Ghanbary Bonjar³

¹Department of Chemistry, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran

²Faculty of Biologic al Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

³Department of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

a.rustaiyan@yahoo.it

Abstract: In this investigation, the muscle tissue of Amiantis umbonella from the coastal waters of Bushehr, Iran in May 2013 were separately extracted for their lipid content especially omega-3 fatty acids composition using the method of Blight & Dyer. The compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS). The components detected in both male and female species. Some of the compounds identified in both sexes, including saturated fatty acids Palmitic acid and Stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha - Linolenic acid (ALA), two methyl esters of fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. The dominant fatty acids identified in both sexes were alpha- Linolenic acid (ALA) and Palmitic acid.

[Rustaiyan A, Samiee K, Ghanbary Bonjar M. Fatty acids composition and lipid content from muscle tissue of clam Amiantis umbonella (Bivalve) in the Persian Gulf Coasts (Bushehr) Life Sci J 2013;184-188] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.31

Keywords: fatty acids, lipid content, liver, muscle, Amiantis umbonella, Persian Gulf.

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Long-term investment planning in oil and gas sector: trends, risks and opportunities (the case of NOC «KazMunaiGas»)

Salpek Berik Serikuly¹, Arystanbаyeva Saule Sabyrovna²

¹PhD candidate, Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, Kazakhstan

²Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail

Abstract: The company’s strategic development challenges and opportunities were summarized based on the consolidated, operating and financial statements of NOC «KazMunaiGas» using SWOT-method. The conceptual scheme of the VIOC's strategic management and the system of long-term development targets, adapted to the peculiarities of oil and gas sector of Kazakhstan, are proposed.

[Salpek B.S., Arystanbаyeva S.S. Long-term investment planning in oil and gas sector: trends, risks and opportunities (the case of NOC «KazMunaiGas»). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):189-192] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.32

Keywords: Oil and gas complex, investment, vertically integrated oil company (VIOC), SWOT-analysis, strategic management.

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Development of Mixed Silo for Boars and Investigation of Its Effect on Quality Indicators of Ejaculates

Amangeldy Rustenov ¹, Nurlygul Zhanbolatovna Eleuqalieva¹, Zhuldyz Kayratkyzy Ibraimova¹, Elena Amangeldievna Olexcievich², Almira Amangeldievna Saparvekova¹ and Usen Kudaibergenovich Akhanov ¹

¹South Kazakhstan State Universit, M.Auezov, Tauke Khan Street, 5, 160012, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

²All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding, Moscow highway, 55a, n Tiarlevo, 196625, St.-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract: Combined silage consisting of alfalfa, pumpkin and husks of grapes with addition of lactic acid bacteria Bacillus subtilis was developed. According to sensory evaluation the stacked silos with added lactic acid bacteria Bacillus subtilis, pumpkin and husks of grapes were of good quality, had medium sour taste, the smell of pickled vegetables, the color of raw materials, and intact structure of the particles. The best option to make silage is to add 75 g of probiotic, 50 kg of pumpkin and 60 kg of husks of grapes per 1 ton of green mass of alfalfa. 1 kg of such a silo contained 0.33 fodder units, 385 g of dry matter, 32 g of digestible protein, 18 g of fat, 50 mg of carotene and 51 g of crude fiber. The inclusion of 20% of the total nutritional value of such mixed silage in the diets of boars increases the palatability and improves the physiological condition of the body and reproductive capacity of boars. In this case, the volume of ejaculate increased by 12.6 % and total sperm - by 13.2 %, pathological forms decreased by 19.5 %, the safety of the sulfhydryl groups (SH) improved by 12.1%, and functioning of energy system in 2.3 times. It was found that feeding boars with mixed silage increases sperm cryostability. Compared with the control group damaging of sperm with acrosomes is 8.6% lower, the survival time is longer by 19.6-35.3 %, the sperm motility is higher by 14.7-26.5 %, as well as the safety of SH-groups – by 8.1%, functioning of the energy system - by 46.9-77.5 %, fertilizing capacity of gametes – 8.3-33.4%. The highest results for cryostability of sperm were found in boars of second experimental group.

[Rustenov A., Eleuqalieva N.Zh., Ibraimova Zh.K., Olexcievich E.A., Saparvekova A.A., Akhanov U.K. Development of Mixed Silo for Boars and Investigation of Its Effect on Quality Indicators of Ejaculates. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):193-198] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.33

Keywords: silage, alfalfa, boar, sperm, probiotics, conservation, husks of grapes, ejaculates, fertility, diet, nutrition, lactic acid bacteria.

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Theoretical and Methodological Background of Efficiency of Educational Services in the System of Higher Education

Julia Vyacheslavovna Ragulina¹ and Natalia Aleksandrovna Zavalko²

¹Moscow Academy of Entrepreneurship under the Government of Moscow, Moscow, 36 Planetnaya Street, Russia

²Chair of Economics, Management and Marketing, FSBEI Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099, Omsk, 14 Naberezhnayaim. Tukhachevskogo Street, Russia

Abstract: The wide spread occurrence got the consideration of different aspects of educational services efficiency, in particular, the more narrow aspect of higher education regional efficiency - the efficiency of interaction of higher vocational educational system and the regional labor market, and also different manifestations of efficiency from the perspective of direct consumers of educational services (a student, a state, a society, an employer and an educational institution). The question about economical essence of costs, connected with the higher education, is of the same importance. Are they productive or nonproductive? There is no still consensus in this and some other questions. Thus, it is possible to separate two exact antipodes of opinion on the character of educational costs. The followers of one of them consider, that in specialist training the costs on higher education are not directly transferred to the cost of goods, produced in material sphere that is why these costs cannot be considered as the productive ones. Another group of researchers refers the costs on staff training to the necessary costs of production restructuring, i.e. considers them as the fixed capital formation. At present, for the higher education economy the evaluation problem of cost efficiency on higher education and determination of their optimal value, from the national economy viewpoint, is the main methodological and applied problem.

[Ragulina J.V., and Zavalko N.A. Theoretical and Methodological Background of Efficiency of Educational Services in the System of Higher Education. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):199-204] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.34

Keywords: silage, alfalfa, boar, sperm, probiotics, conservation, husks of grapes, ejaculates, fertility, diet, nutrition, lactic acid bacteria.

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Research of Ethnopedagogical Approach in Professional Training of Teachers

Nina Mikhailovna Stukalenko, Saule Ashotovna Murzina, Lisa Naviyevna Navy, Sandugash Kairkhanovna Moldabekova and Almagul Doskenovna Raimbekova

Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Abaya Street, 76, 020000, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The authors of this article presented the results of the conducted research on identifying the conditions of effective realization of ethnopedagogical approach in professional training future teachers in higher educational institution. The actuality of the problem of the research is caused by the active development of national cultures of the people of Kazakhstan, the appeal to the national values making culture of any people, the aspiration to revival of ethnic culture through keeping the native language, customs and traditions. In modern society the importance of ethnopedagogical knowledge, including in an educational system increases. The authors in the research rely on the principle of connecting the national, state and territorial bases in modernization the professional education of Kazakhstan. Because Kazakhstan is the polycultural state the main tasks of which in education are to form the common educational space, harmonization of the national and ethnocultural relations.

[Stukalenko N.M., Murzina S.A., Navy L.N., Moldabekova S.K., Almagul Doskenovna Raimbekova A.D. Research of ethnopedagogical approach in professional training of teachers. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):205-207] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.35

Keywords: ethnopedagogics, professional education, ethnopedagogical approach.

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A 68-year-old man with Angioedema due to Enalapril

Sajjad Ahmadi¹, Hamidreza Morteza Baghi², Hamidreza Mehryar¹, Yousef Nouri³, Parasto Hosseini³, Seyed Hesam Rahmani ^1*, Gholamreza Farid Aalaee¹, Omid Mashrabi⁴, Mohsen Nagahi⁵, Maryam Mousavi⁶

1- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

2- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of medical sciences, Urmia, Iran.

4- Resident of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

5- General Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

6- General Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

*_Corresponding author: Seyed Hesam Rahmani(hesam_ri@yahoo.com)

Abstract: A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department with nausea, drolling, and swelling of his tongue that began 3 hours earlier. The patient reports previous episodes of swelling of his lip and tongue about 4 years ago, that have been attributed possibly to drug reaction. There is no family history of similar episodes. Physical examination reveals a swollen tongue and hypertension, drooling, flushing, and no rash, bronchospasm, or urticaria.

[Ahmadi S, Morteza Baghi H, Mehryar H, Nouri Y, Hosseini P, Rahmani SH, Farid Aalaee G, Mashrabi O, Nagahi M, Mousavi M. A 68-year-old man with Angioedema due to Enalapril. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):208-210] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.36

Keywords: Angioedema, Enalapril

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The Constitutional-Legal Characteristics of Political System of the Kazakhstan Republic

Bakyt Ersultan uly Aitzhan and Akif Firudinovich Suleimanov

Academy of Economics and Law, Egizbaev Street, 13, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract: This study deals with the analysis of efficiency of the political system structure in historical-legal aspect; there is subsequently proved the idea, that the content of functions of the state political system at different stages of the state development is subjected to various changes. Its quantity and content can depend on processes of development of statehood, social, political, economical and legal conditions in the country. The article also deals with the general conditions of essence and tendency of the political system of society in the Kazakhstan Republic and presents a conclusion that the state functions and develops in complex interdependent social relations. The authors determine a political system, as a central one in juridical and political sciences, the use of which separates the political life from the rest public life. In its turn, it is thoroughly studied a development process of concepts of state-legal phenomena and policy in whole, conditioned significantly by great deepening of knowledge about the variety of links, the desire to express them in the relevant concept system. The results of this study shall be used in improvement and updating of mechanisms of constitutional-legal regulation of separate political institutes, such as a state, a parliament, a party system, an electoral process, non-governmental associations, local government and others.

[Aitzhan B.E., Suleimanov A.F. The Constitutional-Legal Characteristics of Political System of the Kazakhstan Republic. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):211-216] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.37

Keywords: A civil society, a political system, a state, a system of government, a society, corporate (non-governmental) associations, political parties, political institutes, a political regime.

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Stylistic and artistic peculiarities of dramatic works by Turkic nations of Central Asia and Caucasian region (based on materials of Kazakh and Azerbaijani an plays).

Alibi Kabykenovich Shapauov

Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Abaya St, 76, city of Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The article deals with general review of artistic, stylistic and linguistic skills of dramatic works by Turkic nations, previously fundamentally unexplored by the world and Turkic language-speaking scientific community. The scientific innovation of the article lies in the fact that the whole variety of linguistic instruments of dramatic effect aimed at implementation of writer's idea was revealed based on particular facts. For the first time, the problems of stylistic and language signs of a dramatic discourse: it is universal by character and unique by the scope of implemented functions: a word can implement any linguistic function. Only a word mark can cover the whole scope of linguistic functions. Word marks bear both communicative as well as pragmatic functions, influence the people around with their meaning, stylistic and expressively emotional pattern. In this respect, the special potential capabilities of a word are revealed at its functioning within a literary text, in which words along with their common meanings also become the means of expressing the playwright's artistic and aesthetic orientation. Comprehensive study of the lexis, etymology, and stylistic skills of dramatic works (tragedy, drama or comedy) of kindred Turkic nations brings us to a conclusion that playwrights, as opposed to their predecessors and contemporaries, very rarely use the typifying role of the extra literary lexis (subdialiects, dialects, slangs, ritual talks).

[Shapauov A.K. Stylistic and artistic peculiarities of dramatic works by Turkic nations of Central Asia and Caucasian region (based on materials of Kazakh and Azerbaijani an plays). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):221-224] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.38

Keywords: stylistics, drama lexis, stage language, drama language.

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Stylistic and artistic peculiarities of dramatic works by Turkic nations of Central Asia and Caucasian region (based on materials of Kazakh and Azerbaijani an plays).

Alibi Kabykenovich Shapauov

Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Abaya St, 76, city of Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The article deals with general review of artistic, stylistic and linguistic skills of dramatic works by Turkic nations, previously fundamentally unexplored by the world and Turkic language-speaking scientific community. The scientific innovation of the article lies in the fact that the whole variety of linguistic instruments of dramatic effect aimed at implementation of writer's idea was revealed based on particular facts. For the first time, the problems of stylistic and language signs of a dramatic discourse: it is universal by character and unique by the scope of implemented functions: a word can implement any linguistic function. Only a word mark can cover the whole scope of linguistic functions. Word marks bear both communicative as well as pragmatic functions, influence the people around with their meaning, stylistic and expressively emotional pattern. In this respect, the special potential capabilities of a word are revealed at its functioning within a literary text, in which words along with their common meanings also become the means of expressing the playwright's artistic and aesthetic orientation. Comprehensive study of the lexis, etymology, and stylistic skills of dramatic works (tragedy, drama or comedy) of kindred Turkic nations brings us to a conclusion that playwrights, as opposed to their predecessors and contemporaries, very rarely use the typifying role of the extra literary lexis (subdialiects, dialects, slangs, ritual talks).

[Shapauov A.K. Stylistic and artistic peculiarities of dramatic works by Turkic nations of Central Asia and Caucasian region (based on materials of Kazakh and Azerbaijani an plays). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):221-224] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.39

Keywords: stylistics, drama lexis, stage language, drama language.

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The problems of study of the genre of dramaturgy of Turkic nations of Central Asia and the Siberian region of Russia in its correlation with the European dramaturgy (from folklore to drama)

Alibi Kabykenovich Shapauov

Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Abaya St, 76, city of Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The article deals with general review of artistic, stylistic and linguistic skills of dramatic works by Turkic nations, previously fundamentally unexplored by the world and Turkic language-speaking scientific community. The scientific innovation of the article lies in the fact that the whole variety of linguistic instruments of dramatic effect aimed at implementation of writer's idea was revealed based on particular facts. For the first time, the problems of stylistic and language signs of a dramatic discourse: it is universal by character and unique by the scope of implemented functions: a word can implement any linguistic function. Only a word mark can cover the whole scope of linguistic functions. Word marks bear both communicative as well as pragmatic functions, influence the people around with their meaning, stylistic and expressively emotional pattern. In this respect, the special potential capabilities of a word are revealed at its functioning within a literary text, in which words along with their common meanings also become the means of expressing the playwright's artistic and aesthetic orientation. Comprehensive study of the lexis, etymology, and stylistic skills of dramatic works (tragedy, drama or comedy) of kindred Turkic nations brings us to a conclusion that playwrights, as opposed to their predecessors and contemporaries, very rarely use the typifying role of the extra literary lexis (subdialiects, dialects, slangs, ritual talks).

[Shapauov A.K. Stylistic and artistic peculiarities of dramatic works by Turkic nations of Central Asia and Caucasian region (based on materials of Kazakh and Azerbaijani an plays). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):225-228] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.40

Keywords: stylistics, drama lexis, stage language, drama language.

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Peculiarities of Forming Creative Competence of Future Specialists

Sakhipzhamal Askarovna Uzakbaeva, SauleAbdrazahovna Zholdasbekova, Ulzhamal Konakbaeva Zhandaralievna, Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev, Saltanat Tynybekovna Nyshanova, Gulzhan Temirsharovna Abdullina

H.A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, B. Sattarkhanov Avenue 29, 161200 Turkistan town, the main campus, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan

saltanur@mail.ru

Abstract: This paper deals with the formation of creative competence in training future specialists at A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University in Turkistan, Kazakhstan. Importance and necessity of including of motivational and emotional spheres of a student is underlined in the methodical literature of last years. This new century requires specialists according to the needs of this century's students. The challenge we face is not only to teach content but, to help students to exploit their amazing potential in order to apply their skills in problem solving and, at the same time, being a citizen of the world. It is not only to know; our students need to do something with their knowledge, share ideas to help solving situations in their communities, cities, countries, and the world itself by having confidence in themselves and respecting society, nature, different opinions, races, etc. Our students need to learn by themselves and keep learning through their lives and, university is the place where they have to develop their abilities to face, in the better ways, the problems forming creative competence of future specialists.

[Uzakbaeva S.A., Zholdasbekova S.A., Zhandaralievna U.K., Berkimbaev K.M., Nyshanova S.T., Abdullina G.T. Peculiarities of Forming Creative Competence of Future Specialists. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):229-236] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.41

Keywords: ability, creativity, training of future specialists.

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Evaluation of Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhage after Blood Transfusion in Preterm Neonates

Rakhshaneh Goodarzi¹, Mohamad Ali Molavi¹, Ali Reza Moayedi¹, Abdolbaset Khatibizadeh Sooroo^2, and Abdolmajid Nazemi^*1

¹Department of Pediatric, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

²Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract: Blood transfusion in preterm neonates is an essential component of modern pediatric therapy. Although advantages of blood transfusion increasingly discovered in recent decades, it considered as an important risk factor of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). IVH can cause life-long disabilities or death. So we decided to assess the relation between blood transfusion and IVH in preterm neonates. Method: This case control study conducted in November 2012 to April 2013 in Bandar Abbas-Iran. Preterm Neonates with birth weight less than 1500 g enrolled to this study. Exclusion criteria included: NICU admission, thrombocytopenia, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy. First screening sonography carried out for all participants (100 neonates) in the first day of study. After blood transfusion in case group (50 neonates), second screening sonography carried out to investigate IVH. Collected information entered to SPSS version 16 and analyzed. Result: In this study, case group contained 50 neonates with blood transfusion indications and control group contained 50 neonates with no blood transfusion indications. IVH was detected in 16% (8/.50) of case group and 4% (2/.50) of control group. Based on our findings, there is a significant relation between IVH and blood transfusion in preterm neonates (P= 0.046). We also evaluated whether gestational age, birth weight and gender in preterm infants have relation with IVH or not, but we had found no statistical relation (P>0.05).Discussion: our findings show blood transfusion in neonates is linked with risk of IVH. Thus we recommend paying more attention and being more cautious in transfusion procedure and after blood transferring, use screening means to diagnose possible IVH after in this group of neonates.

[Goodarzi R, Molavi MA, Moayedi AR, Khatibizadeh Sooroo A, Nazemi A. Evaluation of Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhage after Blood Transfusion in Preterm Neonates. Life Sci J, 2013; 10(11s):237-241]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.42

Key words: Blood transfusion, Preterm neonates, Intraventricular hemorrhage.

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Organizational Learning in a General Hospital

Ahmad Ahmadi Teymourlouy¹, Hesam Seyedin², Soudabeh Vatankhah³, Hossein Shabanineghad⁴, Mohammad Hasan Imaninasab⁵

^1,4,5 PhD. Candidate of Health Policy, Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran^.

² Health Management and Economics Research Center, Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran^.

³ Associated Professor, Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Correspondence: Hesam Seyedin, PhD, Assistant professor, Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Services Management, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email: hseyedin@tums.ac.ir

Background: Rapid changes in the environment of organizations and its complexity forces organizations to develop their capacities and knowledge to sustain in this competitive world. In the health services hospitals play the most important role and are very expensive and complicated organizations. These organizations are dealing with accelerating pace of changes and need to adapt with the continuously changing situations organization to work and sustain in the complex and uncertain environment. Objective: The paper is aimed to identify and rank the factors that hinder hospitals to become learning organizations. Also strategies for facilitating and accelerating the process of learning are presented. Methods: This research is a descriptive survey. Data were collected using a 26-item questionnaire and were analyzed in SPSS using chi-squared test, binomial test, Friedman test, and AHP. The population of the research consisted of 547 employees of a general hospital in Tehran, and sample size of 157 was calculated at the 0.05 significance level. Results: There is a significant positive relationship between organizational learning and organizational culture, team learning, systems thinking, shared vision, and personal mastery. Poor team learning and lack of a shared vision were ranked respectively as the most and the least important barriers in organizational learning. Conclusion: Based on this study the most important barrier that hinders organizational learning is team learning and team working. Considering the effects of different variables on organizational learning some recommendations provided which help in transforming the studied hospital and others into a learning organization.

[Ahmad Ahmadi Teymourlouy, Hesam Seyedin, Soudabeh Vatankhah, Hossein Shabanineghad, Mohammad Hasan Imaninasab. Organizational Learning in a General Hospital. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):242-248] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.43

Keywords: Organizational Learning, Learning Organization, Knowledge Management, Hospital management

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Designing a Model for Selecting Internet Marketing Strategies in the International Market

¹Firoozeh Fouladivanda*, ²Aidin Barbat,³ Mani Shehni Karam Zadeh , ⁴Anas Elgharyani

¹Master of Business Administration (Marketing), Multimedia University, Malaysia

²Master of Business Administration (Finance), Multimedia University, Malaysia

³Master of Business Administration (Finance), Multimedia University, Malaysia

⁴PhD candidate, Economics and Muamalat. University Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia

*firoozeh_fuladi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper is an exploratory research in which internet marketing strategies are first identified (they are defined in the theoretical literature) and then they are indexed and numerized through using experts opinions to determine numerical value of each strategy. The statistical universe has been defined by information of Stock Exchange Organization. It comprises 50 consistently profitable companies during 2010 to 2012 which possess internet marketing system. Sample number was estimated 44 via Cochran formula. To measure validity, the most credible existing method,   i.e. construct validity, has been applied. Cronbach formula has been used to calculate reliability. With regard to the number of companies and the selected indices, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated 0.785 that is higher than 0.7. The tests used in this paper consist of Pearson correlation coefficient, Friedman ranking, and VPLS factor analysis. The main result of this paper is offering a regression model for selecting internet marketing strategies in the international market.

[Firoozeh Fouladivanda, Aidin Barbat, Mani Shehni Karam Zadeh, Anas Elgharyani. Designing a Model for Selecting Internet Marketing Strategies in the International Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):249-254]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

Keywords: Internet marketing, marketing strategies, web technology

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Eye-Gaze Driven Display Power Management and Conservation System

Muhammad Shahid^1,3, Tabassam Nawaz², Hafiz Adnan Habib¹

¹Computer Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

²Software Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

³Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

shahid_pcst@yahoo.com

Abstract: Effective power management is among the most important challenges faced by the computing industry especially in wake of rapid shift of trends from desktop computing machines to battery operated portable machines. The prevailing operating system based advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) technology are passive in nature depending solely on user physical inactivity from keyboard or mouse for specified interval before the system enter into power conservation mode. With the intent to improve the display power management controls in mind, a simple and smart PC display power management and conservation system (PMCS) is proposed that could improve power consumption efficiency based on actively monitoring user presence or PC bound attention via facial and eye gaze information. Facial and eye gaze are most important signs to reveal user presence and prevalent state of engagement with the computer. The system track user eyes gaze within near frontal facial positions and sustain power-up mode as long as the user eye gaze is focused on the computer screen. On failure to detect user presence or attention beyond some threshold interval the system enter into power down mode. The system employs a low-end webcam typically integrated in the laptops as a mean to obtain user facial and eye gaze information. The system will contribute toward improved PC power consumption.

[Shahid M, Nawaz T, Habib HA. Eye-Gaze Driven Display Power Management and Conservation System. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):255-262] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.45

Key words: PC Display Power Management, Energy Conservation, Smart PC, Eye Tracking, Gaze Estimation.

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An Indirect MSB Data Hiding Technique

Dr. Ban N. Dhannoon

Department of Computer Science, Al-Nahrian University, Baghdad, Iraq

drban_2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: Various image steganography techniques have been proposed. In this paper, a new reversible data hiding technique were used, as an improvement over the LSB data hiding technique. The new idea focus on indirect hiding secret message in the most significant bits of the cover image, while using the least significant bits as an indicator to the hiding value. Also, using an encrypted key to specify the bits to store the secret image in it. As a result, it is difficult to extract the hidden information without knowing the retrieval method and the secret key. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) were used to measure the quality of the stego images. The technique is fast and robust. Experimental results show that the proposed method is so fast because it doesn't need any additional calculations with very good PSNR results.

[Dhannoon B. N. An Indirect MSB Data Hiding Technique. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):263-266] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.46

Keywords: Steganography techniques, digital images

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Selection of high-yielding agrophytocenoses of annual crops for fodder lands of frontier zone

Beybit Nasiyevich Nasiyev

West Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir khan, Republic of Kazakhstan, 090000, Uralsk, Zhangir khan Street, 51.

Abstract: The studies conducted have provided data enabling one to evaluate the productivity of feed crop in the frontier zone of the West Kazakhstan Province of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Saratov region of the Russian Federation for use in innovative technologies on feed protein production. The studies have ascertained the feasibility of cultivation of sorghum, Sudan grass and millet agrophytocenoses in the noted frontier zone instead of the conventional barley crops. Suggested croppers are distinguished by active photosynthetic activity. Over the 5-year period the average maximum leaf area of sorghum crop makes 52.0 thousand m²/ha, crop of Sudan grass and coarse millet generate 46.0 and 42 thousand m²/ha, respectively. And in the barley crop it does not exceed 23.6 thousand m²/ha. Studied agrophytocenoses of annual forage crop differ by yield of fodder units, digestible protein, feeding protein units (FPU) per unit of land, and the accumulation of the metabolic energy. Over 5-year study period, the highest yield of green mass was provided by sorghum and Sudan grass crop - 26.1 t/ha and 16.2 t/ha, respectively. Productivity of barley was significantly inferior to sorghum and Sudan grass, accounting for just 12.0 t/ha.

[Nasiyev B.N. Selection of high-yielding agrophytocenoses of annual crops for fodder lands of frontier zone. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):267-271]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.47

Keywords: agrophytocenoses, productivity, photosynthetic potential, feed crops, feeding value.

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Study of Skull X-Ray and physical examination in head trauma with GCS=15

Hamidreza Morteza Baghi¹, Sajjad Ahmadi^2*, Omid Mashrabi³, Mehdi Sharifi⁴, Mohsen Nagahi⁵, Maryam Mousavi⁶

1- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of medical sciences, Urmia, Iran.

3- Resident of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4-Resident of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

5- General Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

6- General Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

*_Corresponding author: Sajjad Ahmadi (ahmadi_s@umsu.ac.ir)

Abstract: Head trauma is a frequent and important problem from the view of emergency physician. Estimates of mortality following head injury vary from 10 to 36 per 100000 populations. Estimates of combine medical costs from trauma places of over 6 billion dollars. One of the diagnostic procedures in these cases is use of radiologic imaging. Nevertheless, visible fractures are found less than 5% in skull X-Ray films. Therefore, it is better to use this procedure when risk of detecting visible fracture is high. In a cross-sectional analytic study that performed in Emergency Medicine Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from September 2010 to July 2013 on patients with head trauma, we evaluated fractures visible on plain radiographies and the clinical manifestations in patients with head traumas with GCS=15. This study besides determination of relative frequency of age, sex, etiology, visible fracture in skull X-ray and clinical manifestations in these cases tries to determine the relationship between clinical manifestations and visible fracture in skull X-ray. The most common cause of head trauma was falling down 42.7%. Male to female ratio was 2.2 to 1 and most of cases were in 2-17 years age group(40.2%). 346 of cases discharged without admission who had not clinical manifestation or had only slight swelling, mild pain in traumatized area, vomiting(maximally 2 times), scalp wound, cephalohematoma or mind subgaleal hematoma. 150 caese were admitted and 11 of whom had visible fracture in skull X-Ray. Clinical manifestation in these cases are as below. On the basis of this findings and clinical statistical finding in inpatients and usage of Chi-squre with p<0.05 it is proved that there is relationship between clinical manifestations and visible fracture in skull X-Ray. Clinical manifestations include otorrhagia, recurrent vomiting, Raccon sign, and all of the cases who had severe tenderness and subgaleal hematoma had fracture in skull X-Ray. As a conclusion besides these problems, if scalp wound presents, it is preferred to take skull X- Ray to detect foreign body or fracture that have a high risk for meningitis. When cases had no clinical manifestations or had only slight swelling, mild pain, vomiting (maximallt two times) cephalohematoma, or mild subgaleal hematoma, they have had a low risk to find visible fracture and skull X-Ray does not help to determine fracture. Therefore, we can with attending above mentioned notes decrease accomplish side effects and cost of radiology. Other clinical manifestations such as otorrhea and rhinorrhea in studied cases were not found so it demands more study on these line.

[Morteza Beigi H, Ahmadi S, Mashrabi O, Sharifi M, Nagahi M, Mousavi M. Study of Skull X-Ray and physical examination in head trauma with GCS=15. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):272-275]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.48

Keywords: Physical Examination, Head Trauma, Skull X-Ray

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Analysis of the current state and influence on the quality of life of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kuzembekova Roza¹, Sadvakassova Aigul², Iskakbayeva Maral¹

¹PhD candidate, Kazakh Economic University T. Ryskulov, Kazakhstan.

²Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, High School of Business "EurAsia", President, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail

Abstract: The research paper describes the structure of the quality of life. Impartial indicators are formed and analysis of the quality of life of Kazakhstan is carried out. The influence of economic factors on the quality of life of Kazakhstan is studied.

[Kuzembekova R., Sadvakassova A., Iskakbayeva M. Analysis of the current state and influence on the quality of life of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):276-281]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.49

Keywords: quality of life, population, needs, income, poverty, life expectancy

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The Development of the Catalog of Elective Subjects as a Means of Professional Training of Students

B.M. Zhaparova ¹, A.Sh. Tleulesova ¹, B.G. Sarsenbayeva ¹, Zh.M.Baygozhina ¹, Zh.Zh. Aytpayeva ², D. Zh. Sakenov ¹

¹Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

² East Kazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholov, Ust - Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan

sakenov0613@mail.ru

Abstract: In this work the technology of the development of content of the elective courses as a way of professional training of students is theoretically proved. The development of the catalog of elective subjects - the process of drafting and detailing of professional knowledge of students, their experience of practical and creative activities in order to ensure the integrity and appropriateness of elective subjects . The development of the content elective courses is the process of developing and detailing the components of educational content based on the principles, sources of criteria reflecting the nature of the training of students. The backbone component of the content of elective courses in vocational training is the experience of creative design activity of students.Experience the creative activity of students is a combination of knowledge and practical skills mastered, formed in the process of training students to solve creative problems and issues. The development technology of the directory elective courses is an activity for the development of the content of each of the following modules: explanatory, basic, control and diagnostics. The criteria for the effectiveness of technology development directory elective courses as a means of training students are: The ratio of students to the content of elective subjects; teaching competence of the student; creative competence.

[Zhaparova B.M., Tleulesova A.Sh., Sarsenbayeva B.G., Baygozhina Zh.M., Aytpayeva Zh.Zh., Sakenov D. Zh. The Development of the Catalog of Elective Subjects as a Means of Professional Training of Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s): 282-285]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.50

Keywords: The development of the catalog of elective subjects, the means of professional training of students

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The Results of Research of the Problem of Developing Intellectual Skills of Future Primary School Teachers

Gulzhan Temirsarovna Abdulina, Kopzhasar Mustafaevich Zhetibaev, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Mukhabat Erubaevna Rustambekova, Parida Kuandykovna Iskakova

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan

bimaganbetova-alina@inbox.ru

Abstract: Modernization of the system of higher pedagogical education in the conditions of the competence-based approach requires a qualitative rethinking the content of the training of future teachers. Taking into consideration the fact that the important basis of developing intellectual abilities of a teacher are his creative abilities as the structural elements of the gradual process of the development of future primary school teachers the authors offer to use the potential of the educational-professional tasks which can be different in content and orientation. In the course of their work the authors suggest the technology of developing creative abilities of a future teacher in the basis of which there is correlation of stages of general professional training of the future teacher with the stages of forming his intellectual abilities. The realization of suggested by the authors technology of developing the researched quality of the future teacher has the stage-by-stage character and provides forming the above mentioned kinds of creative abilities.

[Abdulina G.T., Zhetibaev K.M., Bimaganbetova A.K., Rustambekova M.E., Iskakova P.K. The Results of Research of the Problem of Developing Intellectual Skills of Future Primary School Teachers. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):286-290]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.51

Keywords: intellectual skills, competence, the teacher of initial classes, the technology, the development

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Study of willingness of teachers to education of pupils with deviant behavior

Zhanar Baiseitovna Baiseitova and Zulfiya Shavaliyevna Shavaliyeva

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Mira Street, 60, 140000, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

ira.arxarova@yandex.ru

Abstract: The article is to elucidate the preparation of teachers for prospective training of the pupils with deviant behavior. Author has analyzed the various approaches to “deviant behavior” definition, provided own definition of this term that specified the activity and willingness of the teachers to the training of pupils with deviant behavior. As a result, a pattern of willingness of the teachers to the training of the pupils with deviant behavior was built and stipulated. The structure of willingness of the teachers consists of motivation, content, procedural, and reflexive-evaluative elements. The individual orientation is considered as the basis of willingness of the teachers. A practical experience, which integrates all components, is paid the special attention. The complex of scientific-research methods applied in this study allowed the author the theoretical substantiation and experimental verification of willingness of the teachers to the teaching of the pupils with deviant behavior. The study results confirmed the author’s theoretical concept.

[Baiseitova Zh. B, Shavaliyeva Z. Sh. Study of willingness of teachers to education of pupils with deviant behavior. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):291-297]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.52

Keywords: deviant behavior, pupils with deviant behavior, teacher, professional activity, theoretical model of willingness, elements of willingness, level of willingness, diagnostics

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Representation of Ancient Times in Kazakh Historical Novel

Kadisha Rustembekovna Nurgali

L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, street Kazhymukan d.2, 010008, Astana city, Kazakhstan

mobileaia2013@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article deals with the peculiarities and national originality of the historical novel in Kazakh literature. The author gives special attention to modern historical works of fiction written by such authors as B. Zhandarbekov (“Tomiris”), D. Doszhanov (“The Silk Road”) and I. Yesenberlin (“The Golden Horde”). All the Kazakh writers interpret the history of Khazakh people in focus of national identity and national self-consciousness.

[Nurgali K.R. Representation of Ancient Times in Kazakh Historical Novel. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):298-301] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.53

Keywords: Historical novel, Kazakh literature, nomadic tribes, Golden Horde

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Hydroimpulsive Development of Fluid-Containing Recovery

Boranbay Tovbasarovich Ratov and Boris Vladimirovich Fedorov

The Kazakh National Technical University after name of K.I. Satpayev, 050013 Almaty 22, Satpaev Street, Republic of Kazakhstan

bearia1991@yandex.ru

Abstract. This work is dedicated to enhance the efficiency of development of the water bearing formations uncovered using a mud fluid. A formation clay cake removal method has been justified as the most efficient vibration method to be used for this purpose. Technical and technological means, based on generation of vibration pulses using a hydraulic hammer, have been developed and successfully tested while constructing geotechnological wells.

[Ratov B.T., Fedorov B.V. Hydroimpulsive Development of Fluid-Containing Recovery. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):302-305] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.54

Keywords: Water supply and technological wells, water bearing formations, decolmatation, vibration, testing, efficiency.

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Artistic Role of Dialogue in National Prose

Zholaman Taubaevich Koblanov, Sharafat Sabitovna Abisheva, Bibatpa Amirchanovna Koshimova and Aliya Tugelbaevna Zhetkizgenova

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Esenov, 32 Microregion, The city of Aktau 130000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: In the article the literary works (stories) ‘Ghost’, ‘Steppe sketches’, ‘The fate of the defenceless’, ‘Who is to blame?’ of Kazakh writers Zhysupbek Aimautov and Mukhtar Auezov are analyzed. The author is considering their quest for artistic craftsmanship. The examples are given which prove how important the following artistic techniques are: monologue, dialogue, polylogue. In the study of literature of those countries where this branch of science has formed early there are many works about the origination of dialogue, its interaction with other artistic components, specific features of dialogue used by some writers. For example, Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Lukian, Dumas, S. Soloviev, F. Hegel, D. Didro, V. Belinsky. A. Lunacharsky, L. Yakubinsky believe that dialogue is a powerful mean of expression of human thoughts and feelings. Also dialogue was investigated in the studies of such scientists as A. Veselovsky. V. Vinogradov, M. Bakhtin, A. Beletsky. O. Ginzburg and others.

[Koblanov Zh.T., Abisheva Sh.S., Koshimova B.A., Zhetkizgenova A.T. Artistic Role of Dialogue in National Prose. Life Sci J 2013; 10(11s):306-308] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.55

Keywords: national prose, dialogue, plot, character, psychological background, psychological landscape, artistic methods, character in a piece of literary work, study of literature, story.

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Folklore Lines in National Drama

Zholaman Taubaevich Koblanov, Sharafat Sabitovna Abisheva, Bibatpa Amirchanovna Koshimova and Akmaral Nurgojaevna Otarova

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Esenov, 32 Microregion, The city of Aktau 130000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: This article is devoted to the drama literary work ‘Alpamys’ of Kara-Kalpak playwriter Nazhim Daukaraev: this piece of art is analyzed from scientific point of view. The author of the article gives characteristic to writer’s quest for folklore traditions. He gives specific examples which prove the important role of heroic eposes in development of national drama. Nazhim Daukaraev is a Kara-Kalpak writer which for the first time put national epos on the stage. What is more, this play was a success. On seeing that other Kara-Kalpak writers also decided to address epos in their works: Myrzagali Daribaev wrote a play based on epos of ‘Edige’, Asan Begimov was inspired by epos ‘Kobylandy’, Akhmet Shamuratov transformed the poem “Forty girls” into a play.

[Koblanov Zh.T., Abisheva Sh.S., Koshimova B.A., Otarova A.N. Folklore Lines in National Drama. Life Sci J 2013; 10(11s):309-311] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.56

Keywords: Kara-Kalpak drama, dramatic conflict, musical drama, folklore lines, mythic motif, esthetical categories.

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Regarding Issues of Toponymy and Social Associations in Language Environment

Zholaman Taubaevich Koblanov, Bibatpa Amirchanovna Koshimova, Sharafat Sabitovna Abisheva, Akmaral Nurgojaevna Otarova and Aliya Tugelbaevna Zhetkizgenova

Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Esenov, 32 Microregion, The city of Aktau 130000, Kazakhstan

Abstract: In this article toponymy of Mangistau Region of Kazakhstan is analyzed. The authors give examples which prove the important role of toponymy in the development of national language environment of Kazakh people. Mangistau toponym is Kazakh national linguistic and cultural concept. Giving grounds to this issue shows potential of conceptualization of Kazakhstan toponyms. First of all, it must be one of the integral parts of macro-concept named Kazakhstan, Kazakh steppe. Though there are no scientific researches yet which have proved the existence of the Kazakhstan macro-concept, but the authors hope that they will soon be available, and not the only one, proving, by the way, the beginning of study if the small concepts of which Kazakhstan concept consists of. The authors view Mangistau as one of the components of the Kazakhstan concept.

[Koblanov Zh.T., Koshimova B.A., Abisheva Sh.S., Otarova A.N., Zhetkizgenova A.T. Regarding Issues of Toponymy and Social Associations in Language Environment. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):312-314] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.57

Keywords toponymy, Mangistau Region, Kazakhstan.

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The Compatibility of Extended Pre-charge Detention with the European Convention on Human Rights

Ayan Meiramovich Tashmagambetov

Karaganda University “Bolashak”, 100012, Karaganda, Erubaeva, 16, Kazakhstan.

Abstract: In the UK a person reasonably suspected of terrorism can be arrested and detained without charge up to 14 days. While the Terrorism Act 2000 provides for rights for a detainee as it required by the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 these safeguards are not sufficient to prevent arbitrary detention and abuse of power. The article considers whether or not extended pre-charge detention compatible with European Convention on Human Rights.

[Tashmagambetov A.M. The Compatibility of Extended Pre-charge Detention with the European Convention on Human Rights). Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):315-319] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.58

Keywords: Pre-charge detention, terrorism in the UK, human rights, compatibility with ECHR.

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Necessity, effectiveness and proportionality of extended pre-charge detention of persons arrested under s. 41 of the Terrorism Act, 2000

Ayan Meiramovich Tashmagambetov

Karaganda University “Bolashak”, 100012, Karaganda, Erubaeva, 16, Kazakhstan

Abstract: In the UK a person reasonably suspected of terrorism can be arrested and detained without charge up to 14 days which is longer than in any other state with high risk of terrorism. While terrorism related offences require prompt and rapid response for prevention them from occurrence there is doubt on necessity, effectiveness and proportionality of the pre-charge detention longer than 4 days. The article considers arguments against and for the pre-charge detention, whether or not it proportionate and necessary for counter-terrorism policy, alternatives to extended pre-charge detention.

[Tashmagambetov A.M. Necessity, effectiveness and proportionality of extended pre-charge detention of persons arrested under s. 41 of the Terrorism Act, 2000. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):320-324] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.59

Keywords: Extended pre-charge detention, terrorism in the UK, necessity, proportionality

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Conditions to Inculcate Tolerance in Students

Tatiana Leonidovna Shaposhnikova, Marina Leonidovna Romanova, Natalia Aleksandrovna Tarasenko

FGBOU VPO "Kuban State Technological University", Moskovskaya Street 2, 350072, Krasnodar, Russia

mobileaia2013@yandex.ru

Abstract: It is well-known that growth of social cooperation, humanization, democratization and economic development of modern Russian society commit educational institutions to inculcate tolerance in students. Having analyzed scientific and methodological literature and best practices of inculcation tolerance in students we have found the following unsolved problems: models of students' tolerance forming process are not sufficiently developed from theoretical and methodological point of view; insufficient level of tolerant interaction between teachers and students; the factors, conditions and mechanisms of infusion students with tolerance are not investigated in full. The purpose of this investigation: to simulate student’s tolerance formation process; find dependencies between external conditions and personal inclinations (factors) of forming tolerance in students.

[Shaposhnikova T.L., Romanova M.L., Tarasenko N.A. Conditions to Inculcate Tolerance in Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):325-330] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.60

Keywords: tolerance, student, inculcation, conditions, education

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Performance Analysis of HEVC In-Loop Filter

Gulistan Raja, Awais Khan, Ahmad Khalil Khan, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf*

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

*Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

gulistan.raja@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: The need of high definition video (HDV) is growing day by day. Keeping in need of HDV, the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCTVC) developed a new video coding project known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The upcoming HEVC is designed to serve wide range of applications. However, it suffers from visually disturbing discontinuities known as blocking artifacts to achieve high compression ratio. HEVC employs in-loop filter to suppress these blocking artifacts. This paper describes the performance analysis of HEVC in-loop filter which comprises of deblocking and sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter. Various high definition video sequences of 1080p, 720p and 480p are used for evaluation. Simulation results show that in-loop filter can suppress blocking artifacts effectively without losing objective and subjective quality of video.

[Gulistan Raja, Awais Khan, Ahmad Khalil Khan, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf. Performance Analysis of HEVC In-Loop Filter. Life Sci J 2013; 10(11s): 331-336]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.61

Keywords: HEVC, in-loop filter, deblocking filter, sample adaptive offset filter, performance analysis, high definition video

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Implementation of Modified Mean-shift Tracking Algorithm for Occlusion Handling

Baber Khan¹, Ahmad Khalil Khan¹, Gulistan Raja¹, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf²

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, UET, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan

²Department of Computer Engineering, UET, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan

ahmad.khalil@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: Object tracking is critical and difficult task when it comes to unmanned air vehicles and traffic surveillance. The major challenge in object tracking is occlusion handling either partial occlusion or full occlusion. In this paper modified mean-shift tracking algorithm is proposed to tackle the problem of full occlusion. Mean-shift object tracking algorithm uses the color information to represent the target and to localize it in next frame. So when the object gets occluded with other object having similar colors, mean-shift tracking algorithm easily lost the target. In this modified mean-shift algorithm implementation, traditional mean-shift algorithm is lumped with the motion information associated with the spatial information of the moving object. Spatial information was exploited to handle the full occlusions present in the video. The object moves from one pixel to other in two consecutive frames its information about pixel index was stored in new variables. This information was used to capture the correct object when it reappears in the video, after the occlusion. Many videos were used to test the proposed tracking algorithm. Two examples were presented in this paper, which successfully cope with the partial occlusions, full occlusions and full occlusions when both the objects have exactly same colors.

[Baber Khan, Ahmad Khalil Khan, Gulistan Raja, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf. Implementation of Modified Mean-shift Tracking Algorithm for Occlusion Handling. Life Sci J 2013; 10(11s): 337-342]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.62

Keywords: Occlusion handling; spatial information; object tracking; mean-shift tracking

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A Study of File System Objects’ Metadata

Shah Khusro, Syed Rahman Mashwani, Azhar Rauf, Saeed Mahfooz, Shaukat Ali

Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

{khusro, syed.rahman, azhar.rauf, saeedmahfooz, shoonikhan}@upesh.edu.pk

Abstract: At this digital age we have more information than all previous generations combined, the major fraction of which reside in the File Systems of our desktops. This huge information is growing day by day and is hard to manage. The roles of metadata cannot be neglected; it assists to deal with the problems that arise from information overload. This paper is a study of File System objects’ metadata. Different researcher categorized metadata in the context of their research; we start our discussion with the explanation of almost all types of file’s metadata. Then we briefly discuss the existing metadata schemas. We think that the sun of tomorrow does not seem to be shining on semantic less metadata schemas; so, we extend our discussion on the need of semantic (machine friendly) metadata schemas, followed by a discussion on the Semantic Web vocabularies that could be exploited for the purpose.

[Shah Khusro, Syed Rahman Mashwani, Azhar Rauf, Saeed Mahfooz, Shaukat Ali. A Study of File System Objects’ Metadata. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):343-348] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.63

Keywords: File System; Semantic File System; Semantic Web; Information Retrieval

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Navigating and Browsing Linked Open Data: State-of-the-Art

Shah Khusro, Akif Khan, Saeed Mahfooz, Azhar Rauf, Shaukat Ali

Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote></EndNote>{khusro, akif, saeedmahfooz, azhar.rauf, shoonikhan}@upesh.edu.pk

Abstract: Data race is the phenomena of conversion of web of text to web of data; Linked Data provides uniform platform and infrastructure for the organization of structured data from diverse domains on the web. RDF, HTTP and URIs are the primary source of publishing structured data on the web linked between different entities and data sources. Subsequent formation of this large linked data cloud, besides numerous advantages and applications, results in many challenges in navigation, discovery, interactivity, visualization and usability to end users. Linked Open Data (LOD) Browsers provide generic interfaces for exploring, navigating, analyzing and visualizing the different data sets connected in open data cloud. These browsers aim to explore, navigate and visualize large cluster of web of data. This paper aims to present state of the art in Linked Open Data browsers. The paper will help out those researchers and industrial scientist who are planning for designing advanced interfaces for browsing and navigating Linked Open Data.

[Khusro S, Khan A, Mahfooz S, Rauf A, Ali S. Navigating and Browsing Linked Open Data: State-of-the-Art. Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):349-358] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.64

Keywords: Linked data, LOD browser, Linked Open Data, Text base LOD Browser, faceted browsing, Marble, Tabulator, Comparative analysis of LOD browsers

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Effect Of L-Carnitine Supplementation On Serum Adipokines (Leptin And Visfatin) Levels In Obese Type II Diabetes Mellitus Women With Hypocaloric Diet

Ali Barzegar¹, Beitollah Alipour², Farid Panahi³, Nahid Karamzad⁴

1_Ph.D Student of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2_Assostiate Professor of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

3_Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4_ Student of Nutritional Science, School of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

*_Corresponding author: Beitollah Alipour (b.alipoour@yahoo.com)

Abstract: Background: Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and correlated with various comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes and obesity are combined with such frequency that it has been proposed for the term Diabesity. Carnitine in high doses has no side effects of other anti-obesity drugs. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on serum leptin and visfatin levels (that almost are secreted from central and peripheral fat respectively) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 60 obese Premenopausal females suffering type II diabetes with a BMI greater than 30 were randomly selected and divided into two groups. After measuring the weight, waist circumference and record the personal details of patients, their information about three-day food records were down in sheets. During the 8-week intervention group complement of L - carnitine (2 g daily) with low-calorie diet and the second group received placebo plus low-calorie diet. Results: Supplementation of carnitine with low calorie diet reduces anthropometric indices, serum level of leptin, visfatin and inflammatory markers (p <0.0001), whereas the reduction in mentioned factors in controls was significant, but lower than case group. Conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation has pronounced and more significant impact on levels of leptin, visfatin, inflammatory markers and anthropometric indices, especially Adiposity (abdominal fat) in patients.

[Barzegar A, Alipour B, Panahi F, Karamzad N. Effect Of L-Carnitine Supplementation On Serum Adipokines (Leptin And Visfatin) Levels In Obese Type II Diabetes Mellitus Women With Hypocaloric Diet Life Sci J 2013;10(11s):359-365] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1011s13.65

Keywords: L-Carnitine; Leptin; Visfatin; Adipocytokines; Diabetes; Hypocaloric Diet; Obesity

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