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A survey of clinical and laboratory manifestations of Kawasaki disease in children admitted to Children Hospital in Qom, Iran

Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi ^1,2, Hosein Heydari ^1,2, Leyla Nasehi ³, Zahra Movahedi ^1,2*

¹ Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

² Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qom, Iran

³ Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA

*Corresponding Author: movahedizahra@yahoo.com

Abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile multisystem vasculitis affecting infants. It brings about neurological, pulmonary, renal, and cardiac complications. Currently, it is considered as the major cause of acquired heart diseases in children. Its underlying causes haven’t been known yet and there isn’t any special laboratory diagnostic test. The main sign and symptoms include fever, bilateral bulbar conjunctivitis, and mucosal redness of the oropharynx, erythema or edema of the peripheral extremities, rash, and unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. However, with timely treatment and preventive measures, the main complication affecting the heart can be averted. In this study we have investigated the frequency of clinical and laboratory manifestations of KD in children hospitalized in Qom Children Hospital from 2001 to 2011. Materials and methods: This research is a case series study on 33 children affected by KD hospitalized in Children Hospital in Qom, Iran. All statistical analyses of data obtained were carried out using SPSS (Version 11.5). Results: The frequency of the most important clinical and laboratory test manifestations included fever affecting 33 cases (100%), conjunctivitis 30 (90.9%), erythema or edema of the peripheral extremes 14 (42.4%), rash 26 (78.8%), cervical lymphadenopathy 20 (60.6%), anemia (decrease of hemoglobin) 18 (54.5%), thrombocytosis 16 (48.50%), and increase of ESR 30 (90.9%). Concerning the risk factor of concomitant heart disorders and the fact that some patients had not received effective treatment, it is incumbent upon general practitioners to exercise more caution about the manifestations of KD, especially incomplete ones.

[Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Hosein Heydari, Leyla Nasehi, Zahra Movahedi. A survey of clinical and laboratory manifestations of Kawasaki disease in children admitted to Children Hospital in Qom, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):1-6] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.01

Key words: Kawasaki Disease (KD); Vasculitis; Children

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Designing Multi-media Learning Software (MLS): effects on surgical technology students’ knowledge, attitude and practice

Mohammad Aghajani¹, Neda Mirbagher Ajorpaz^2*, Saeed Mohammadi³, Abouzar Mohammadi³

¹Lecturer, Department of Psychiatric nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

²Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

³Surgical technology student, Student research committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

*Corresponding author: mirbagher_n@kaums.ac.ir

Abstract: Multimedia is an educational method in medical training. There is little evidence which instructional techniques and media are of advantage to impart knowledge more effectively and lead to better application of knowledge in the operation room. Objective: 1- The designing Multi-media Learning Software (MLS) 2- The effects of Multi-media Learning Software on knowledge, attitude and practice in surgical technology students in Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Method: This was a quasi -experimental study. At the first stage the information was collected for designing the software and then the software was made. After that the students filled the demographic data and pre-test questionnaire out. The software was trained to 60 surgical technology students who were sophomore and senior by second researcher at eight two-hour sessions. At the end of each session the researcher answered to questions of the students about learning in that session. One week after the last session, post-test with the same questions was given. Data were analyzed by statistical t-test and ANOVA. Results: The results showed, there are significant differences in practice (p=0.03), knowledge (p=0.01) and attitude (p=0.04) ranges after educating the software. Tukey-test showed, the significant difference in knowledge range is p=0.012.Conclusion: Multi-media Learning Software can improve knowledge, attitude and practice levels about techniques and instruments surgery.

[Mohammad Aghajani, Neda Mirbagher Ajorpaz, Saeed Mohammadi, Abouzar Mohammadi. Designing Multi media Learning Software (MLS): effects on surgical technology students’ knowledge, attitude and practice. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):7-11](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.02

Key words: Software, computer, knowledge, attitude, practice, operating room, student

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Study on Internal helminthes parasites in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) spawners in southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea (2009-2011)

Soheil Bazari Moghaddam

International Sturgeon Research Institute, Rasht, Iran, P.O.Box: 41635-3464

Email: soheilbm274@gmail.com

Abstract: This research was done on 60 Acipenser persicus spawners caught in the southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea (Guilan Province) from April through June 2009-2011 to identify the parasitical fauna and prevalence, intensity and dominance of these parasites. On capture biometry was performed on the spawners and all parameters were recorded. The spawners were examined for the presence of wounds and macroscopic parasites. The digestive tract, egg, liver, gall bladder of the fish were removed and transferred to the laboratory of Parasitology of the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Parasites found were removed and stored in 10% formalin solution for identification following methods used by Stoskope (1993). Standard statistical computations were carried out using SPSS and Excel. Four types of internal helminthes parasites were identified in A.persicus spawners caught in each year that include, Cucullanus sphaerocephalus Rudolphi 1809, Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus Molin 1858, Eubothrium acipenserinum Cholodkovsky 1918 and Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus Westrumb 1821. It is evident from the results obtained that Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopsolus semiaramtus showed the highest prevalence and highest mean infection intensity in the Persian sturgeon spawners under study. Sum of dominance of these two parasites in 2009, 2010 and 2011 was 98.5%, 97.7% and 97.16%, respectively. Statistical relationship between age of spawners with the number of parasites isolated from them was also determined.

[Soheil Bazari Moghaddam. Study on Internal helminthes parasites in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) spawners in southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea (2009-2011). Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):12-16] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.03

Keyword: Acipenser persicus - Caspian Sea - helminthes parasites – spawners

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Democratic Regression In Nigeria: A Critical Discourse On The Character And Tendencies Of The Political Parties As Explanatory Factors.

¹ Emma E.O. Chukwuemeka, PhD And ² Dr. Ugwuanyi, Bartholomew Ikechukwu

1- Associate Professor/Head, Department of Public Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria

Email: ee.chukwuemeka@unizik.edu.ng

2- Institute Of Management And Technology, Enugu.

E-Mail: Ugwuanyi.B.I.@Gmail.Com

Abstract: Every nation at any point in time has some problems confronting it. Such problems could be political, social or economic in nature. Nigeria, as such, is being confronted with some, no doubt. Very critical and cardinal among them, particularly in the on-going Fourth Republic, is the regression in democratic practice. Indeed, prevailing observations and research findings point to the fact that proper democratic practice in Nigeria is increasingly becoming elusive. This situation has become a source of worry to proponents of democracy and good governance. For this and in realization of the centrality of political parties in democratic activities and processes, the study examined the dominant character and the prevailing tendencies of the political parties in Nigeria in an attempt to establish their relationship with the prevailing democratic regression in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. In doing this, the qualitative research method of gathering data through secondary sources was adopted. Consequently, analysis in the study was based on content analysis technique. The basic finding is that the character and tendencies of the political parties vitiate their will and capacity to play politics democratically and to encourage or promote democratic ideals among the citizenry. To reposition the political parties to actually play the role of enhancing democratic practice in Nigeria, it was cardinally recommended that political parties should embrace competition, co-operation and compromise as necessary ingredients of democratic politics and embark on political education to socialize the entire citizenry into accepting, imbibing and exhibiting democratic values in their political activities. Political parties should too be more interested in politics based on ideology and principles and for national interest and not just for selfish personal, party or ethnic gains.

[Emma E.O. Chukwuemeka and Ugwuanyi, Bartholomew Ikechukwu. Democratic Regression In Nigeria: A Critical Discourse On The Character And Tendencies Of The Political Parties As Explanatory Factors. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):17-24]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.04

Key words: Democracy, Democratic Regression, Political parties, Ideology, Electoral fraud.

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Clinical governance: the Challenges and opportunities of supervisory system

Bahram Mohaghegh ¹, Hamid Ravaghi ²*

¹ PhD student of Health services administration, School of health Management and information sciences. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

^{2 *} PhD, Assistant Professor, School of health Management and information sciences. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

 (Corresponding author) Email: hravaghi@tums.ac.ir

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of senior managers and clinical staff concerning the supervisory system of clinical governance in Iranian hospitals. An in-depth qualitative method using semi-structured interviews and document reviewing was employed. The purposeful samples of 38 people from six Iranian public hospitals were recruited. The interview and document data analysis disclosed six themes including the assessment approaches, the assessment teams, the pros and cons of internal and external assessment, the current supervisory system, effective supervision, and the indicators to evaluate clinical governance. The participants generally expressed concerns regarding the assessment system of clinical governance. They insisted on establishing a multidisciplinary assessment system consisted of relevant stakeholders interested in clinical governance development in hospitals. The supervisory approach offered in this study could expand the concept of effective supervision by emphasizing on participatory aspect in term of how stakeholders could play their roles.

[Bahram Mohaghegh, Hamid Ravaghi. Clinical governance: the Challenges and opportunities of supervisory system. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):25-29] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.05

Key words: Clinical Governance; Supervisory System; Hospitals; Iran

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Substitute Construction as an Indicator of Structurally-Semantic Expansion of Sentence

(As exemplified by English, Russian and Tatar languages)

Rishat Zhurkenovich Saurbayev and Kairat Muhamekhafizovich Tekzhanov

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, 140000, Pavlodar, Mira Street, 60, Kazakhstan

rishat_1062@inbox.ru

Abstract: The presented article deals with the syntax problems of expanded sentence in contrastive-comparative presentation. The authors of the article put forward a statement that, besides the traditional expansion categories, there exist the ones that are presented outside the sentence structure itself; that the sentence does not end in punctuation signs; the expansion is caused by its semantic links with the previous and subsequent syntactical constructions. The authors put forward a thesis about the necessity to study the substitute constructions as a syntactic unit; the majority of researchers concentrates their attention on the study of substitute as a lexical and stylistic unit and does not consider it as a full syntactic phenomenon. The existence of such category as "an expanded sentence" is also a disputable moment in modern linguistics; only few researchers consider this linguistic phenomenon as a separate linguistic unit. The authors make an attempt to prove the existence of this unit in modern syntax by presenting the substitute construction as an element of utterance expansion. In modern speech, a great role is fulfilled by the linguistic means of ellipsis, substitution, representation, at which the structurally-required element is transferred into implication, so there is a compression of verbal elements into a succinct predicative unit, which is presented in the substitute construction, also fulfilling a function of semantic and syntactic completeness of the utterance. The substitute construction is an element of structural-semantic expansion of the sentence in languages, different in structure and system, such as English, Russian and Tatar, which belong to different language families.

[Saurbayev R. Zh. Tekzhanov K.M. Substitute Construction as an Indicator of Structurally-Semantic Expansion of Sentence (As exemplified by English, Russian and Tatar languages. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):30-35] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.06

Keywords: substitute construction; substitute; predication; sentence expansion.

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The use of mathematical methods of analysis in the pharmaceutical area of Kazakhstan

Narbek Zhumabayev¹, Bauyrzhan Makhatov¹, Adelina Makhatova², Tatyana Magay², Kairat Zhakipbekov³, Malik Sapakbay¹, Balzhan Makhatova³

¹South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

²Kazakh Economic University named after T. Ryskulov, Almaty, Kazakhstan

³Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan

m_adelina2@mail.ru

Abstract: Using the mathematical methods of analysis, the authors found out that the predicted value of the production of pharmaceutical medicines for 2013 year would be equal to 253,2 million U.S. dollars, and for the 2014 - 308,6 million U.S. dollars. It shows the dynamics growth in the pharmaceutical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and has great promise for the future. Besides, with the use of mathematical modeling the authors counted that it was spent 31083,72 tg. (202,96 U.S. dollars) on the average for medicines of one patient in specialized medical institution and the factors influencing the volume of spent money were defined. Considering the dynamics of patients' number growth it was possible to predict the volume of necessary budgetary assignments for the treatment of concrete disease both in area scales, and for the whole republic.

[Zhumabayev N., Makhatov B., Makhatova A., Magay T., Zhakipbekov K., Sapakbay M., Makhatova B. The use of mathematical methods of analysis in the pharmaceutical area of Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):36-40] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.07

Keywords: pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical market, medicine, mathematical methods, regression and correlation, polynominal model

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On the Ethno-Political, Socio-Demographic and Language Situation of the Tyumen Region (Russian Federation) and Pavlodar Region of Kazakhstan: State of the Problem and Solution.

Rishat Zhurkenovich Saurbayev¹, Oleg Evgenyevich Komarov¹ and Ravil Aysavich Vafeev²

¹Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, 140000, Pavlodar, Mira Street, 60, Kazakhstan

²Yugra State University, Chekov Street, 16, 628012, Khanty-Mansysk, Russia

rishat_1062@inbox.ru

Abstract: This paper examines the ethno-political, socio-demographic and language situation of the two regions of neighboring countries, Russia and Kazakhstan, which characteristic features are multi-ethnicity, multiculturalism and poly-confessionality, as well as the general geographical situation, climatic conditions, and the near-boundary location. Domestic and international experience proves that any multinational state is facing acute problems of unilateral and bilateral bilingualism, and the society in its development faces the choice of one of them. In this case, the choice depends on the path of development - democratic or totalitarian. In the new socio-economic and political conditions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan in the study of Russian-national and national-Russian bilingualism as an object of bilingualism there are new challenges of the theoretical and practical aspects. Many theoretical positions require a review and reconsideration that concern the applied aspect of the problem, which development in our society had its positives and negatives. The negatives were official recognition and active introduction of unilateral national-Russian bilingualism to public life. In terms of socio-linguistics the definition of bilingualism as the alternate use of two (or more) languages by the members of different ethnic groups in the same language team at a constant two-way communication is correct. This refers to such a bilingualism that in a particular language situation implements a socially balanced communication between the members of different ethnic groups living in the same territory. Unilateral bilingualism does not provide such a communication, but creates an insulating language barrier that leads to social isolation of language communities, which differ not by ethnicity, but by language (knowledge / poor knowledge of the mother tongue, the language of the indigenous nationality, etc.). Therefore, many social conflicts, usually ranked among inter-ethnic and inter-language ones deepen. This type of bilingualism has resulted in reduction of social prestige of the national languages in the whole country, as at various stages of its development and extinction there is an invariable change of language – from native to the second foreign language. This process takes place both at the levels of an individual and of the whole ethnos and ethnic group.

[Saurbayev R. Zh., Komarov O.E., Vafeev R.A. On the Ethno-Political, Socio-Demographic and Language Situation of the Tyumen Region (Russian Federation) and Pavlodar Region of Kazakhstan: State of the Problem and Solution. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):41-51] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.08

Keywords: bilingualism, language policy, the mother tongue, the alienation from the mother tongue, the language situation, the state language, the regional language.

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Cognitive Emotion Regulation Types among Malaysian Graduates

Soheila Panahi ^1*, Aida Suraya Md Yunus ², Samsilah Bt. Roslan ¹

1. Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2. Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

sflowers226@gmail.com, soheilapanahi58@gmail.com

Abstract: This study aims to discern the convergent and discriminate validity of cognitive emotion regulation and to make a comparison of cognitive emotion regulation based on demographic profile of graduate students. A total number of 534 graduate students of age from 19 to 45 years were surveyed in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The convergent and discriminant validity analysis using Stats Tools Package revealed that there are high cognitive emotion regulation strategies among Malaysian graduate students. The descriptive analysis showed that the mean score was highest for positive reappraisal, followed by planning. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in reappraisal strategy between students from different faculties. Similarly, the ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between planning and acceptance strategies among students of different races. The ANOVA further revealed the significant differences in self-blame, other-blame, and rumination strategies among different age groups. The independent t-test also revealed that there were significant differences in self-blame, other-blame, catastrophysing, and putting into perspective between males and females. However, the analysis showed no significant differences in cognitive emotion regulation strategies based on the semester, family size, marital and employment status between graduates.

[Soheila Panahi, Aida Suraya Md Yunus, Samsilah Bt. Roslan. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Types among Malaysian Graduates. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):52-59] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.09

Keywords: Cognitive emotion regulation, Convergent validity, Discriminant validity

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Determination Of Fluoride Concentration In Underground Water From Different Urban Areas Of Faisalabad City

Shahid Mahboob * ^1, Sobia Ashraf ², Fahad Al-Misned ¹, Z. Ahmed ¹ and S. Sultana ³

1. Department of Zoology, College of Science P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Environmental Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: E-mail: shahidmahboob60@hotmail.com

Abstract: Fluoride (F^-1) is an essential trace element. Occurrence of fluoride in ground water has drawn worldwide attention due to its considerable impact on human physiology. Its optimum concentration is critical because its deficiency leads to dental caries while excess causes dental fluorosis leading to skeletal fluorosis and both have been observed in certain parts of the Pakistan. In the present study the naturally occurring fluoride concentration has been determined and quantified from 161 underground water samples collected from the Faisalabad and its vicinity by using a Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) method. The other water quality parameters were also measured. Fluoride content of 97.5% samples was below the WHO recommended value (1.5 ppm) for the general health of the people with 0.47 ± 0.13 p.m. mean values. The exceptionally high level of fluoride concentration (3.44 ppm) was recorded in the groundwater sampled in the zone of fertilizer industry, Faisalabad. The geological basis for the high concentration of fluoride in that zone was established; which was due to the dumping of phosphate rocks, which is a raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizers. Overall water quality was found unsatisfactory for drinking purposes because of higher salinity (mean 2898 ± 553 µS/cm) ranged between 265 to 6660 µS/cm. No correlation was found between fluoride concentration with EC and depth of groundwater. However, a significant positive correlation was found between fluoride concentration and pH of ground water.

[Shahid Mahboob^, Sobia Ashraf, Fahad Al-Misned, Z. Ahmed and S. Sultana. Determination Of Fluoride Concentration In Underground Water From Different Urban Areas Of Faisalabad City. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):60-70] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.10

Keywords: geographic information system; groundwater; ion selective electrode (ISE) ; fluoride; phosphate fertilizers

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Pedagogical and psychological conditions of formation of teacher’s readiness to realize innovative technologies of training

Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov, Mukhabat Erubaevna Rustambekova, Marzhan Moldakasymovna Duysenova, Aiman Kalyshbaevna Rysbekova, Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev

Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan

bimaganbetova-alina@inbox.ru

Abstract: The article gives the analysis of teachers readiness to realize innovative technologies of training on developed criteria the results of which were checked in the course of constantan experiment by students and teachers of South-Kazakhstan and Kyzyl-Orda regions schools, and workout of module program “Innovative pedagogical technologies and their realization” in order to carry out a special work on teachers preparation which provides revealing theoretical and practical aspects of the problem. The offered technique of teachers’ preparation to realize innovative training technologies can be used in practice of higher education institutions work, on courses of QDI and QDF of the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed to improve professional training of specialists to pedagogical-psychological activity.

[Bimaganbetova A.K., Daniyarov T.A., Rustambekova M.E., Duysenova M.M., Rysbekova A.K., Berkimbaev K.M. Pedagogical and psychological conditions of formation of teachers readiness to realize innovative technologies of training. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):71-78] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.11

Keywords: educational process, teacher, innovative technologies, professional preparation, personal-creative concept

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Concept of training by communicative method

Marzhan Moldakasymovna Duysenova, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Kulahmet Moldabek, Rabiga Ibrakhimovna Kenzhebekova

Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Avenue, 161200 Turkistan, Kazakhstan

bimaganbetova-alina@inbox.ru

Abstract: The problem of forming communicative competence of elementary school pupils at the Kazakh language lessons is a new direction connecting general directions and approaches of communicative and cognitive spheres of a language. In this direction at the first place there are questions of forming of such skills as acceptance, understanding, and word meaning assimilation by pupils in the course of language learning, keeping in mind its conceptual features, ability to apply it in various life situations, ability to inform the thoughts and ideas in classes, to solve communicative problems and to use for designated purpose language laws and norms in implementation of these tasks. The main task of the research is the problem of nessecety to create a concept and define scientific-and-methodological basis of the Kazakh language teaching in elementary school by means of communicative method.

[Duysenova M.M., Bimaganbetova A.K., Daniyarov T.A., Moldabek K., Rabiga Ibrakhimovna Kenzhebekova R.I. Concept of training by communicative method. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):79-84] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.12

Keywords: concept, Kazakh language, elementary school pupils, communicative method, interactive and multilevel development, language communicativeness.

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Genetic polymorphism of 17 microsatellite DNA loci in main lines of Kostanay breed horses

Beyshova Indira, Kikebayev Nabidolla, Kokanov Sabit, Chuzhebayeva Gulzhagan, Nametov A.M.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republican State Enterprise operating under the right of economic management “A.Baitursynov Kostanay State University”. 47, Baitursynov Str., 110000, Kostanay, Kazakhstan

kkanv@inbox.ru

Abstract: With the rapid development of DNA technology nowadays, the number of genetic markers identified in horses reached several dozen. The use of gene markers in breeding at stud farms in many countries has become one of the essential criteria for the selection process[1]. Unfortunately, as to the horses bred in Kazakhstan, including Kostanay horse breed, no such work was conducted. Therefore, studying the possibilities of marker-assisted selection in horse breeding and the use of results in practice of Kazakhstani studs are the urgent necessity, and the study of genetic polymorphism of main lines of local horse breed, i.e. Kostanay breed, is a topical issue. According to the research, the main lines of Kostanay breed horses differ significantly by the presence and frequency of alleles of microsatellite loci, as each line of 17 microsatellite DNA loci has its own genetic structure.

[Beyshova I., Kikebayev N., Kokanov S., Chuzhebayeva G., Nametov A.M. Genetic polymorphism of 17 microsatellite DNA loci in main lines of Kostanay breed horses. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):85-91] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.13

Keywords: DNA, genotype, allele, locus, microsatellites.

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The development of student's psychological health

¹Gulmira Bekenovna Niyetbayeva, ¹Lyaziza Onalbaevna Sarsenbayeva, ¹Guljanar Toguzbaevna Bekmuratova, ²Turyszhanova Roza and ³Aishakhan Yeskendirova

¹Kazakh State Pedagogical University named after Abay, Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, Dostyk Street 13

²Kazakh Economic University (KazEU) name T.Ryskulov, Kazakhstan, 050035, Almaty, Zhandosov Street 55

³”Turan” University, Kazakhstan, 050020, Almaty, Satpaev Street 16-18

mika-argin@inbox.ru

Abstract: Currently, Kazakhstan has a large-scale modernization of the system of higher professional education. Modern conditions of education in higher educational institutions can be attributed to a specific type of activity that is associated with a high level of mental and physical exertion, which increases in the examination period. At the same time, the psychological health of the students is significantly affected by shortage of time, the need to absorb a large amount of information in a short time, increased requirements for the solution of problem situations, strict control and regulation regime. This article presents essential characteristics of the conceptions of "health" and " psychological health", it also gives materials from an empirical study of the level of expression of psychological indicators of psychological health of the students.

[Niyetbayeva G.B., Sarsenbayeva L.O., Bekmuratova G.T., Turyszhanova R., Yeskendirova A. The development of student's psychological health. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):92-95] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.14

Keywords: human's health, psychological health, high schools' educational environment, neurotization, mental tolerance, the level of expression of psychological indicators of psychological health.

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About preparation of students of higher education institution for professional activity in the course of studying of elective disciplines

¹N.S. Asenova, ¹Z.E. Zhumabaeva, ¹M.A. Kenenbaeva, ¹D. Zh. Sakenov and ² D.G. Toktarbaev

Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute, Toraygyrov St. 113-30, 140006, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan

²Eurasian National University named after L. Gumilev, Astana, Kazakhstan

sakenov0613@mail.ru

Abstract: Problems of formation of readiness of students of higher education institution in the course of studying of elective disciplines were studied. The model of formation of readiness of students for future professional activity modern conditions of training of specialists of higher education institution is described. For an effective functioning of the model of formation of readiness of students for future professional activity the following pedagogical conditions were defined: implementation of a multilevel monitoring of formation of readiness of students of pedagogical higher education institution for professional activity in the course of studying of elective disciplines by means of information and communication technologies; inclusion of the elements of professional activity in the process of formation of designing tasks in the course of studying of elective disciplines; ensuring participation of the teacher of elective disciplines and teachers of profile disciplines in designing and analytical activity of students. The indicators of readiness of students for future professional activity were justified. Conclusions were formulated.

[Asenova N.S., Zhumabaeva Z.E., Kenenbaeva M.A., Sakenov D. Zh., Toktarbaev D.G. About preparation of students of higher education institution for professional activity in the course of studying of elective disciplines. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):96-100] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.15

Keywords: readiness of students, the model of formation of readiness of students, pedagogical conditions of realization of the model.

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Psychological and pedagogical bases of the context and structure of the text

Sholpan Serikbosynovna Satieva

Shakarim Semey State University, str. Glinka 37-37, index 070411, Semey, Kazakhstan

satieva66@bk.ru

Abstract: The article is about a problem of weakness of the theory of psycho-pedagogical science which results in low efficiency of educational systems. In the article are shown questions of methods of fast readingtraining of students taking into account innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of education and training. Psycho-physiological problems of training and methods of fast reading are analyzed in the article. In article are given achievements of domestic and foreign experts in the field of psychology and neurophysiology in the sphere of touch and perceptual abilities and problems of protection of intellectual potential of the nation. The special attention is paid to the psychological characteristic of possibility of achievement of reading speed by means of development of the attentiveness. Main aspects of an intellectual portrait of student's youth are designated. Using our program in the course of reading a brain of the person for development of intellectual potential step by step forms new skills of cerebration of nervous system and functional asymmetry. Physiological and mental distinctions of a problem of training fast reading taking into account domestic and foreign researches are generalized. On the basis of the conducted research by the author the obtained data can be used for the analysis of motives of respondents of studying of touch and perceptual abilities of students to problems of training of fast reading. In process of development of fast reading the obtained data allow us to recommend the studentto improve first of all in need of development of intellectual thinking. On the basis of the analysis is a conclusion that development of fast reading skills intensifies intellectual development of the person.

[Satieva S.S. Psychological and pedagogical bases of the context and structure of the text. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):101-104] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.16

Keywords: touch abilities, thinking development, physiological distinctions, mental distinctions, cerebration, brain of the person, neurophysiology, psychophysiological problems, training, fast reading, improvement, perceptual abilities.

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To the question of the use of electronic educational resources for preparation of future physics teachers

Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev¹, Aliya Khozhankyzy Sarybayeva¹, Ganya Kemalovna Ormanova², Indira Bakhytovna Usembaeva¹ & Sherzod Zh.Ramankulov¹

¹Khozha Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan

²Kh.A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, South-Kazakhstan region, 161 200, B. Sattarkhanov Avenue, 29, Kazakhstan

isind85@inbox.ru

Abstract: Currently the special attention in the course of training is paid to electronic educational resources. Logically coordinated materials of studied disciplines sated with information usually contain in electronic educational resources. Therefore in this direction it is necessary to use reasonably a wide arsenal of opportunities of computer technologies. Electronic educational resources are capable to add "experimental" part of a physic course and to increase efficiency of the lessons considerably. Improvement of professional training of the future specialists - physicists on the basis of electronic educational resources is done by supply of educational process with training materials. The aim of this research is to analyze the scientific-practical bases of improvement of professional training of future specialists - physicists at the University, to identify the extent of its theoretical and practical elaboration on the basis of experimental verification and analysis of the comparison of the experimental and control groups of students from «Physics» Department, Natural Sciences Faculty of Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish university, according to 5B011000 - Physics and 5В060400-Physics; to prove requirement and necessity, to improve the professional training of the future specialists - physicists, to develop the electronic educational resources, to improve the training of future physicists.

[Berkimbaev K.M., Sarybayeva A.K., Ormanova G.K., Usembaeva I.B., Ramankulov S. Zh. To the question of the use of electronic educational resources for preparation of future physics teachers. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):105-108] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.17

Keywords: professional training, future specialists, high education, physics.

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International legal acts as the source of contemporary constitutional law, and their role in universalization of norms of the constitutional law

D.V. Vokhmyanin

Non-State Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Training “St. Petersburg Institute of Foreign Economic Relations, Economy, and Rights”, Perm Branch, May 9 st. 21, Perm, 614022 Russia

vdw2006@yandex.ru

Abstract: As was already noted earlier, universal principles were embodied in a number of international legal acts which, in their turn, served as the source for the constitutional building (or reforming) in most contemporary states. Based on this prerequisite, it seems necessary to analyze the specific features and the role of international legal acts in the processes of universalization of norms of the constitutional law. Before the immediate solution of this task, we will analyze the contemporary understanding of sources of law. It is recognized now that the basic place of the constitutional law in the system of branches of law is fixed by its main source, i.e., the Constitution of the state. In addition to the Constitution, the sources of the constitutional law include: laws about most important questions concerning the state organization (electoral law, laws about parties and public organizations, judicial system); decisions, taken through referendum, declaration of rights; decisions, taken in the course of the judicial constitutional control; constitutional customs, in a number of countries; devotional duties of the Koran, in Muslim states.

[Vokhmyanin D.V. International legal acts as the source of contemporary constitutional law, and their role in universalization of norms of the constitutional law. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):109-115] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.18

Keywords: laws, decisions taken through referendum, constitutional control, constitutional customs, devotional duties of the Koran, UN Charter, general declaration of rights of a human

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Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Motlhame Edwin Sejake, Zenzo Polite Ncube and Naison Gasela

Department of Computer Science, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa

Zenzo.Ncube@nwu.ac.za

Abstract: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are the set of wireless nodes that can communicate with each other and forwarding each other’s packets. WMNs are multi-hop networks consisting of routers, gateways and mobile nodes. WMNs act as a key technology for next generation WMNs. Because of their low cost and relative ease of deployment, they are an attractive paradigm and are advantageous to other wireless networks. The aim of WMNs is to guarantee connectivity. WMNs build a multihop wireless backbone to interconnect isolated Local Area Networks and to extend backhaul access to users not within range of typical access points. This research has carried out current/existing literature in WMNs. It has analysed routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR and TORA used in WMNs where AODV and DSR are reactive routing protocols, OLSR and GRP are proactive routing protocols and TORA is a hybrid routing protocol. The routing protocols have been analysed with the performance metrics of throughput and delay under the simulation of ftp traffic. The simulator used is OPNET. With the help of OPNET, results show that in terms of ftp traffic load, TORA has very long delay. For throughput, OLSR outperforms the other routing protocols.

[Motlhame Edwin Sejake, Zenzo Polite Ncube and Naison Gasela. Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):116-120] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.19

Keywords: WMN, routing protocols, throughput, delay, ftp traffic.

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The Performance of RANS Models for Prediction of Flows in Meandering Channels

Usman Ghani¹, Martin Marriott², Peter Wormleaton³

^1. Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

² School of Architecture, Computing & Engineering, University of East London, UK

^3. Senior Lecturer, Department of Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, UK

usman.ghani@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: This research work presents the prediction capability of Reynolds Averaged Navior-Stoke^,s equations based k-e(epsilon) & k-omega turbulence models. Two solvers (SSIIM and FLUENT) were used in this research work. The performance of the two turbulence models was gauged for one flow case. Mesh dependency check was also done. Once it was proved that both the models produce approximately same results, the k-e model was then tested for its suitability for studying various flow aspects of meandering channels. Two different meandering channel geometries with the same sinuosity (centre line planform geometry), main channel meander width/floodplain width ratio and same main channel aspect ratio were used. However main channel width varied in two cases. Both bankfull and overbank flows were considered. The bend radius to main channel width ratio (r/b_c) of the wider main channel was 1.0 whereas it was 1.8 for narrow channel. The model predicted the depth averaged velocities (DAV), water surface profiles, velocity vectors in planforms at different levels with good accuracy. It captured all the salient features of the flow for inbank, low overbank and high overbank flows. From this study it can be concluded that k-e model can be used with confidence in these types of meandering channels.

[Usman Ghani, Martin Marriott, Peter Wormleaton. The Performance of RANS Models for Prediction of Flows in Meandering Channels. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):121-132] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.20

Keywords: Meandering channel; overbank flows; turbulence model; Navior-Stokes equations.

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Studying Situation of Efficiency and Productivity of the Branches affiliated to Tehran Social Security Organization (2008-2011)

Shabani Ghazikelayeh Gholamhassan¹, Rezapour Aziz², Ebadifard Azar Farbod^3, Yousefzadeh Hassan⁴

¹ Ph.D. student in Health Policy, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran

²Ph.D. in Health Economics, Department of Health Services Management, Public Health school and health service management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Ph.D., Professor, Department of Health Management and economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Hospital management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Faculty member of Public Health school, Orumiyeh University of Medical Sciences, Orumiyeh, Iran (corresponding author, email: h.yousefzadeh@yahoo.com)

Abstract: Social Security as one of the largest insurance organizations, to cover a large part of the population and has a great staff with a broad scope of insurance, medical and investment and… Key issues in the social and economic structure of the country, thus raising the efficiency of the organization include the public interest. In this study, productivity and efficiency of resource allocation at the branches of social security methods, parameters, data envelopment analysis and the production function were analyzed in 2009-2012. For this purpose, we use panel data and input – oriented model. The dependent variable in this study, the number of insured population and the explanatory variables include the number of personnel and capital costs. It should be noted that the required information was obtained from Statistical reports the Center for Social Organization of Tehran gathered in the form of recorded information. During the study period, the mean changes in total productivity were estimated to be equal to 1.021. The results of the methods used, suggests that total productivity variation affected by technological changes, managerial and scale efficiency changes stand in the next orders. The results showed that there is the improvement in productivity over the period studied in the branches of social security. Production factors productivity improvements in a comprehensive planning can have a major role to play in reducing the cost of social security insurance branches.

[Shabani Ghazikelayeh Gholamhassan, Rezapour Aziz^,Ebadifard Azar Farbod^,Yousefzadeh Hassan. Studying Situation of Efficiency and Productivity of the Branches affiliated to Tehran Social Security Organization (2008-2011). Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):133-140] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.21

Key words: productivity, Technical Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Returns to Scale

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Performance of concrete under aggressive wastewater environment using different binders

Naeem Ejaz¹, Jawad Hussain¹, Usman Ghani¹, Faisal Shabir¹, Usman Ali Naeem¹, Muhammad Ali Shahmim¹, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir¹

^1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, Pakistan

naeem.ejaz@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cement composition in aggressive wastewater environments. For this purpose different mortar prisms were prepared using CEM-I (Ordinary Portland Cement), CEM-II (Portland Limestone Cement), SRPC (Sulfate Resisting Portland Cement) and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag). The prisms were cured for 28 days and then were immersed in 5% Na2SO4 solution for 4 months. During this period expansion was measured by estimating the change in length after each 28 days. The Laboratory results have shown that the prisms containing GGBS having less expansion than the prisms containing CEM-I or CEM-II. A slight improvement in performance relative to SRPC binder was also observed. The XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analysis was also performed on the mortar prisms to determine the gypsum or ettringite formations. From the XRD graphs, the most notable peaks of Gypsum and Ettringite correspond to prisms manufactured using CEM-I, CEM-II and SRPC. Presence of sulfuric acid in the wastewater is creating the main problems for the concrete structures. To find a suitable solution to this problem, concrete cubes were prepared using different binder ratios of CEM-I, CEM-II, SRPC and GGBS. These cubes then cured for 28 days. Cubes were divided into two groups of six each. Six cubes were placed in water and the other six were dipped into acid solution for about 4 months. The Mass variation and compressive strengths were recorded after every 28 days. Experimental results have indicated that the cubes containing GGBS showed different behavior from the cubes prepared by CEM-I and CEM-II. The compressive strength of the GGBS cubes was higher than the other cubes. The experimental results show that addition of GGBS to concrete structures improves the strength of the structures and enhances their resisting capacity against aggressive wastewater environments.

[Ejaz N, Hussain J, Ghani U, Shabir F, Naeem U A, Shamim, Tahir M F. Performance of concrete under aggressive wastewater environment using different binders. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):141-150] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.22

Keywords: GGBS, Sodium Sulfate; Ordinary Portland cement; Limestone Cement; Mass Loss; Compressive Strength; XRD and SRPC

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Influence of normal human serum (NHS) on production of biofilm by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Ashfaque Hossain

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, PO Box-2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia.

a.hussain@uoh.edu.sa

Abstract: Biofilm production is considered as a virulence attribute of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As P. aeruginosa strains causing systemic infection are exposed to various host immune factors including serum, the effect normal human serum (NHS) on biofilm forming potential of fresh clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was investigated in this study. Time course of biofilm production by the P. aeruginosa strains showed that at 24 hour time point, biofilm production reached maximal level by all 4 strains investigated in this study. The effect of NHS on the production of biofilm was carried out by growing the strains in tripticase soy broth (TSB) containing 20 % (v/v) NHS. Two blood isolates of P. aeruginosa B-1 and B-2 showed enhanced production of biofilm in presence of 20 % serum, while production of biofilm by the wound isolate W-2 was partially inhibited by it. Biofilm production by the other wound isolate, W-1, was not effected by 20 % serum. Taken together, the findings of this study show that NHS has a differential effect on biofilm production by fresh clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

[Hossain, A. Influence of normal human serum (NHS) on production of biofilm by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):151-154](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.23

Key Words: Biofilm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serum, Clinical isolate

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The Comparison of Forearm Volumes and Some Forearm Parameters of Female and Male Children in The Adolescence Period

Alparslan ÜNVEREN

School of Physical Edeucation and Sport, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey

ABSTRACT: Study Aims; Developmental differences between female and male children in the adolescence period are the subject of many researches. Making comparison according to sexes by measuring 12-year-old female and male children's forearm volumes, forearm perimeters and hand clutch force is a way of putting forward an idea about the developmental differences between children in the 12-year period which is considered as the start of male children's transition to the adolescence and as the complete transition to the adolescence of female children. Materials and Methods; 267 healthy and voluntary children (137 females and 130 males) whose average age is 12 attended the research. The Forearm Volumes of the Subjects were measured by volumetric measurement method (overflow water method), the Forearm Perimeters of the Subjects were measured by Aptamil tape measure and, the handgrip strength of the subjects were measured by Takei Hand Dynamometer (Handgrip). The analysis of data; first of all, Kolmogorov Smirnov (Ksz) test was applied, Man-Whitney-U test was applied in order to make comparison between Forearm Volume and Independent Sample T test was applied in the comparison of Handgrip strength and, 0,05 significance level was taken into account. Results: the forearm volumes and perimeters of the subjects were compared according to sexes by Man-Whitney-U test. The result of the statistic showed that there is not significance between the 'Right Forearm Volume' (U=8844,00; p>0,05) of female and male children and, between the 'Left Forearm Volume' (U=8890,50; p>0,05) of them. There was not found a statistically significant difference between the 'Right Forearm Perimeters' (U=8406,00; p>0,05) of female and male children and, between the 'Left Forearm Perimeters' of them (U=8818,50; p>0,05). Independent Sample T-test was used in the analysis of the handgrip Strength of the participants in terms of sex. According to the analysis, there was a significant difference for the benefit of males between the 'Right and Left Handgrip Strength' of the female and male participants (tRight=2.749; p< 0.05 ve tLeft =2.759; p< 0.05). Conclusion; The Right and Left Forearm Volumes and Forearm Perimeters of 12-year-old female and male participants did not show a significancy according to sexes and, there occurred a significant difference between the Right and Left Handgrip Strength which is for the benefit of males.

[Alparslan ÜNVEREN. The Comparison of Forearm Volumes and Some Forearm Parameters of Female and Male Children in The Adolescence Period. Life Sci J 2013; 10(10s):155-160] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.24

Key Words: Adolescence Period, Forearm Volume, Handgrip Strength.

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Investigation of the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of Hormozgan, during 2011

Sakineh Dadipoor¹,Sakineh Fallahi², Ali Safari Moradabadi³, Amin Ghanbarnejad⁴,Hossein Montazerghaem ⁵*

1. Master Student Health Education, Research Center for Reproductive Persian Gulf, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2. M.Sc in Nursing, Research Center for Reproductive Health & Infertility, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran Master Student Health Education, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4. MS in Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

5. Assisstant professor of Cardiovascular surgery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas,

Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Hossein Montazerghaem, Assisstant professor of Cardiovascular surgery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Email: hghaem@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This disease, if left untreated Creatied complications in vital organs such as the kidneys, brain, eyes, heart and is a contextly risk factor for coronary artery disease and Cause of disability, death and impose a huge cost to society. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of hormozgan. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 1531 the number of adults in a random sample from different parts of the province were studied. Data collection of pre-set questions, a mercury manometer and the digital scale, Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Hypertension According to the latest JNC-VII guidelines patients was applied to systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. And also to Data describe were used the frequency and percentage. Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and BMI. In this study, 58.1% of the subjects had a BMI ≥ 25 and BMI was significant difference between men and women. BMI ≥ 25 were in women (34.94) and male (23.18%). Conclusion: This study showed that affected several factors such as BMI, age, sex, diabetes and hyperlipidemia in suffering hypertension.

[Sakineh Dadipoor, Sakineh Fallahi, Ali Safari Moradabadi, Amin Ghanbarnejad,Hossein Montazerghaem, Investigation of the epidemiology of hypertension and BMI in the adult population in the province of Hormozgan, during 2011. Life Sci J 2013; 10(10s):161 -166] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.25

Keyword: Hormozgan, BMI, Hypertension, adult population

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Omega-3 fatty acids composition and lipid content from liver and muscle tissues of Esox lucius in the Caspian Sea (Anzali Port)

Keivandokht Samiee¹, Abdolhossein Rustaiyan², Shohreh Ariaee Nejad³

¹Faculty of Biologic al Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

²Department of Chemistry, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran

³Department of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

k.samiee@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the present study, the liver and muscle tissues of Esox lucius fishing in the Anzali port in the south of the Caspian Sea, Iran in Mar 2013 were separately extracted for their lipid content especially omega-3 fatty acids composition using the method of Blight & Dyer. The compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS). The components detected in the liver and muscle tissues, include saturated fatty acids Palmitic acid and Stearic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and (PUFA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), two methyl esters of fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Alkane including, Heptadecane and Octadecane. The results showed that the dominant fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues were Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Palmitic acid.

[Samiee K, Rustaiyan A, Ariaee Nejad S. Omega-3 fatty acids composition and lipid content from liver and muscle tissues of Esox lucius in the Caspian Sea (Anzali Port). Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):167-170] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.26

Keywords: content, fatty acids, liver, muscle, Esox lucius, Anzali port

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Applying Change Management to Improving the Perception of the Speed Control System as Viewed by Drivers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Waheed Ahmed Alhindi¹, Faisal Abdullah Albawardy²

¹Department of Public Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University Riyadh, KSA.

²Institute of public administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

e-mail: whindi@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: As modern technology grows it creates new challenges for organizations, causing changes in their activities. They attempt to keep up with and adapt to modern systems and also try to adapt to modern ways of thinking and trends, characterizing such organizations as modern and highly developed. Change is deemed to be a major factor that pushes all economic, social, health and security organizations to adapt to new trends so as to achieve their aims. Security organizations strive for change so as to achieve one of their objectives, the safety and security of road users. The increasing frequency of traffic accidents is a source of apprehension for security services as such accidents cause human, financial and social losses. For instance, statistics indicate that the traffic accidents in Britain result inan average of 3,000 deaths and 40,000 serious injuries per year, and speeding was one of the causes of such incidents (DFT, 2007). As such, security organizations are seeking various means by which to decrease the number of deaths and injuries due to road accidents. Among such means is the use of the Speed Control System (an electronic detection system for traffic violations) to punish speeding drivers by charging fines. The application of this technology demands that the organizations and users should adapt to such systems through change management. Many researchers stress the importance of using change management to ensure the success of the security services in applying the electronic detection system for traffic violations. The aim of this research is to prepare road users to support this process of change and to prevent their resistance to it, to achieve successful planning and implementation and, finally, to assess and adjust the initiative so as to meet its objectives.

[Waheed Ahmed Alhindi, Faisal Abdullah Albawardy. Applying Change Management to Improving the Perception of the Speed Control System as Viewed by Drivers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):171-179] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.27

Keywords: Change management, Speeding, Accidents, Casualties, Speed Control System, Fine

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Drivers’ Attitudes towards Red Light Violations Monitoring System

Waheed Ahmed Alhindi¹, Faisal Abdullah Albawardy²

¹Department of Public Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University Riyadh, KSA.

²Institute of public administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Email:whindi@ksu.edu.sa

Abstract: Traffic accidents pose a major safety risk to all members of society and represent a major concern, posing a threat to human life. Furthermore, they consume material resources and human capabilities, resulting in social and psychological difficulties as well as substantial material losses. Hence, proposals and solutions are needed to curb the continued rise in road accidents shown by local and global statistics. In light of this it is necessary to define the causes of traffic accidents and find solutions to eliminate them. The World Health Organization’s (WHO, 2013) statistics show more than 1 million road crash fatalities and 38 million injuries annually, of which 5 million are serious. Several studies emphasize that the primary cause of road crashes is the human element (80%), compared to vehicles and road conditions (20%) (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/world_report/en/index.html). Crashes resulting from a vehicle running a red light or driving on the wrong side of the road are the most common causes of fatalities and injuries, for both drivers and other road users. Thus, finding a solution to such problems is an urgent, major concern for governments and road safety authorities. Among the suitable methods that have proved successful was the Red Light Camera (RLC) system that accurately monitors violators and provides required documentation like timing, photographs, etc.

[Waheed Ahmed Alhindi, Faisal Abdullah Albawardy. Drivers’ Attitudes towards Red Light Violations Monitoring System. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):180-187] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.28

Keywords: Red Light, Violation, vehicles, Accidents, fatalities, Red Light Camera, Fine

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Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of Babesiosis in Household Dairies in Districts Kohat and Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Sultan Ayaz¹, Sumaira Shams¹, Mohammad A. T. Abdel-Reheem^{2, 3}, Sanuallah khan¹_, Riaz Ullah⁴

¹Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat, 26000, Pakistan

²Research Center, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

³Biochemistry Department Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Egypt

⁴Department of Chemistry Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Corresponding author: afridiriaz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Back ground; Babesiosis is economically important disease which causing huge mortality and morbidity to the livestock sector particularly in the under developed countries including Pakistan. Result; A total of 2400 Cattle blood samples (1200 Calves and 1200 Cows) were examined through PCR and microscopy in karak and kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The overall prevalence of Babesiosis in cattle was found 9.875% (237/2400) by microscopic technique which were followed by district Karak 9.25 % (111/1200) and district Kohat 10.5 % (126/1200).The highest seasonal prevalence of Babesiosis was recorded in the summer 20.375% (163/800) followed by spring 9% (36/400), autumn 7.25% (29/400) and the lowest was seen in the winter 1.125% (9/800). In the present study, female cattle showed high prevalence 11.22% (184/1639) rate of Babesiosis as compare to male cattle 6.96% (53/761). The PCR based Prevalence rate of Babesiosis was found 27.5% (165/600) among this 24% (72/300) prevalence rate was noted in district Karak and 31% (93/300) in district Kohat. Babesia bovis 541bp and Babesia bigemina 1124bp amplified DNAs were visualized through gel electrophoresis. Conclusion; It is revealed from the present study that PCR was more sensitive than microscopy in diagnosis of the Babesiosis in House hold dairy cattle

[Sultan Ayaz, Sumaira Shams, Mohammad A. T. Abdel-Reheem, Sanuallah khan_, Riaz Ullah. Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of Babesiosis in Household Dairies in Districts Kohat and Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):188-193] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.29

Key words: PCR, Microscopy, Babesiosis and house hold dairy

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Current Status of Tuberculosis in Human Reported to Liaqat Memorial Hospital and District Headquarter Hospital Kohat,KPK, Pakistan

Sultan Ayaz¹, Mohammed A. T. Abdel-Reheem^{2, 3}, Nadia Sadiq¹, Riaz Ullah⁴, Naila Gul¹, Sumaira Shams¹

¹Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa 26000, Pakistan

²Research Center, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

³Biochemistry Dept. Faculty of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.

⁴Department of Chemistry Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Correspondence author; afridiraiz@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT. A total of 132 samples were tested in which 47 (35.60%) were positive. A High prevalence was recorded in month of June and July 19(47.5%), 5(41.6%) in LMH hospital kohat respectively and lowest was recorded in month of June and July 12(24%), 11(36.6%) in DHQ hospital kohat. Age wise prevalence was determined in which high prevalence was recorded45.83% (48/22) in age ranges above 40 year and followed by 30.61 (49/15) age ranges from 21 to-40 years and lowest was recorded 28.57 (35/10) in the ages range from 10-20years.Similairly, Sex wise prevalence was determined in which high prevalence was recorded in female 37.5(72/27) then male 33.33(60/20).

[Sultan Ayaz, Mohammed A. T. Abdel-Reheem, Nadia Sadiq, Riaz Ullah, Naila Gul, Sumaira Shams. Current Status of Tuberculosis in Human Reported to Liaqat Memorial Hospital and District Headquarter Hospital Kohat, KPK, Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):194-197] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.30

Key words; Tuberculosis, Prevalence, DHQ and LMH.

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Assessment of heavy metals in onion and potato in imported and local variety of Pakistan and Afghanistan

Adil Ud Din¹, Mohammad A. T. Abdel-Reheem^{2, 3}, Hussain Ullah⁴, Ijaz Ahmad¹, Amir Waseem⁴, Riaz Ullah⁵, Azhar Ul Haq Ali Shah¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat-26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

²Research Center, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

³Biochemistry Department Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Egypt

⁴Department of Chemistry, Quid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁵Department of Chemistry Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Corresponding author afridiriaz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: Onion and potato (Allium cepa and Solanum tuberosum) are most commonly used vegetables in Pakistan. Different samples of local variety of onion and potato were collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and few samples imported from Afghanistan. Methods: Heavy metal contents of these vegetable were analysed for Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cd using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The order of metal contents was found to be Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > Ni > Co in onion (local variety), and a similar pattern Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd was also observed in onion (imported variety). Conclusion: Higher content of Fe Zn were found in onion from Pakistan and Afghanistan respectively. Metal levels observed in vegetables were compared with WHO and established permissible levels reported by different authors. Mean concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd and Co are 45.9, 37.63, 6.76, 5.78, 2.26, 1.623, 0.745, 0.636 and 0.0950 respectively. The study concludes that the cultivation, transportation and marketing systems of vegetables may play a significant role in elevating the contaminant levels of heavy metals which may pose a threat to the quality of the vegetables with consequences for the health of the consumers of locally produced foodstuffs. The distribution and characterization of heavy metals in vegetables was studied in detail and discussed in this paper.

[Adil Ud Din, Mohammad A. T. Abdel-Reheem, Hussain Ullah, Ijaz Ahmad, Amir Waseem, Riaz Ullah, Azhar Ul Haq Ali Shah. Assessment of heavy metals in onion and potato in imported and local variety of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):198-204] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.31

Key Words; Vegetables, Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

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Comparative Evaluation of Physiochemical and GC-MS Analysis of Sour Oranges and Sweet Oranges Peels Oil

Farhat Ali Khan¹, Ahmed A. Abdeltawab^{2, 3}, Salem S. Al-Deyab², Javid Ali⁴, Riaz Ullah⁵, Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi⁶, Ziaurrahman⁴, Muhammad Siddique⁴, Naseem Ullah¹

¹Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

²Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

³Chemical Engineering Department, Tabbin Institute for Metallurgical Studies (TIMS), Cairo 11413, Egypt.

⁴PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

⁵Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar KPK Pakistan

⁶Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

*Author for Correspondence: javedali_14@yahoo.com

Abstract: The studied were carried out for the comparative evaluation of physiochemical and GCMS analysis of sour and sweet oranges peel oil of Pakistan. The physiochemical analysis of sour oranges were shown that moisture (%), density, iodine value (g/100g), saponification value (mg/g), peroxide value (mg eq/kg), free fatty acid value (%) 0.34 ±0.22, 0.92 ± 0.16, 100 ± 0.44, 171 ± 0.32, 35.2 ± 0.12 and 5.8 ± 0.31 respectively, while similarly the sweet oranges peels physiochemical analysis value were 0.42 ± 0.15 moisture (%), 0.94 ± 0.13 density, 103 ± 0.54 iodine value (g/100g), saponification value (mg/g), peroxide value (mg eq/kg) and free fatty acid value (%) were 183 ± 0.11, 13.5 ± 0.17 and 2.3 ± 0.16 respectively. GC-MS analysis of sour orange and sweet orange peels oil were also calculated. The results of the present study demonstrated that the seeds of citrus species investigated are a potential source of valuable oil which might be utilized for edible and other industrial applications.

[Farhat Ali Khan, Ahmed A. Abdeltawab, Salem S. Al-Deyab, Javid Ali, Riaz Ullah. Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi, Ziaurrahman, Muhammad Siddique, Naseem Ullah. Comparative Evaluation of Physiochemical and GC-MS Analysis of Sour Oranges and Sweet Oranges Peels Oil. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):205-209] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.32

Key words: Sour Oranges Peel Oil, Physiochemical Analysis, Saturated Fatty Acid and Un-Saturated Fatty Acid.

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Analysis of bioactive compounds in gamma irradiation-induced citrus mutants

Min Young Kim

Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea

jeffmkim@jejunu.ac.kr

Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on phytochemical components such as phenolics in citrus fruit. A branch of citrus derived from 120 Gy gamma irradiation produced fruit peel and pulp with high contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and pigments. Moreover, all flavonoids (naringin, hesperidine, narirutin and rutin) detected by UPLC analysis demonstrated significant alterations in citrus mutants. These findings suggest that gamma irradiation on citrus may produced mutants enriched in bioactive phenolic compounds.

[Min Young Kim. Analysis of bioactive compounds in gamma irradiation-induced citrus mutants. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):210-214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.33

Keywords: gamma irradiation; citrus mutant; bioactive compounds

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Clinical Examination and its Sensitivity in Identifying pelvic Fractures

Hamidreza Morteza Beigi¹, Mohammad Reza Bazavar², Leila Azizkhani¹, Mehdi Ghareh Khani¹, Ehsan Gavidel², Sajjad Ahmadi³, Zhila Khamnian⁴, Elham Khanlarzadeh⁴, Omid Mashrabi⁵

1- Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

4- Department of Community Medicine, National Public Health Management Centre (NPMC), Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

5- Resident of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

*_Corresponding author: Sajjad Ahmadi (research_team_iran@yahoo.com)

Abstract: Introduction: Although pelvic fracture injuries are one of rare injuries; but pelvic fractures are among the most important challenge in caring for the injured patient in emergency room. Overall Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death worldwide among persons between 5 and 44 years of age and accounts one of three leading causes of mortality along with cancer and cardiovascular disease. we conducted this study to investigate the value of a pelvic radiography has additional value compared to clinical examination alone in diagnosing pelvic fractures in alert patients after blunt trauma to see whether in the emergency department. Methods: This was a cross- sectional study conducted at the Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province that is the main and important level I trauma center in North West of Iran. During a 6-month period; from October 2012 to January 2013; total of 641 patients with blunt trauma were refereed to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of this hospital were identified and based on inclusion criteria; 80 patients (one third) were selected. Inclusions criteria’s consist of patients with blunt trauma that estimate had pelvic fracture and were hemodynamically stable and alert [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥ 13]. Results and conclusion: From October 2012 through January 2013 about 648 patients with blunt trauma referred to Imam Reza hospital of which 80 patients (81%) were hemodynamically stable. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value and Negative predictive value of pelvic physical examination in detecting the Pelvic fracture in blunt trauma were 97.36%, 80.95%, 82.22% and 97.14%, respectively. The final result of our study aligned with most previous studies and recommended, in alert patients following blunt trauma, with negative findings on clinical examination we can omitted standard pelvic radiographs.

[Morteza Beigi H, Bazavar MR, Azizkhani L, Ghareh Khani M, Gavidel E, Ahmadi S, Khamnian ZH, Khanlarzadeh E, Mashrabi O. Clinical Examination and its Sensitivity in Identifying pelvic Fractures. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):216-219] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.34

Keywords: Clinical Examination, Pelvic Fractures, Diagnosis, Sensitivity, Specificity

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Investigation for Required Number of Patches for Numerical Modelling in an Open Channel with Checker-Board Type Bed Formation

Usman Ghani¹, Shahid Ali², Abid Latif³

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

² Senior Engineer, Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad, Pakistan

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UCET, BZU Multan, Pakistan, usman.ghani@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: This paper presents numerical modeling of an open channel with heterogeneous bed strips. The bed formation comprises of checker-board like configuration. At any location along the channel, one half of the bed width was rough and rest half was smooth. The rough side was comprised of gravels. An attempt has been made to investigate how many patches of bed configuration will be required so that flow investigation can be made under periodic boundary condition. Simulation over a length of four patches with periodic boundary condition at inlet/outlet was performed for this purpose. A three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model FLUENT was used in this work. The results have been presented in the form of primary velocity contours overlaid by the secondary velocity vectors. These results were calculated at different critical locations along the patches to investigate the flow development. It was observed that the flow patterns in the third and fourth patches are of the same style as that observed in the initial two patches i.e. the developing velocity contours and secondary velocity vectors happened twice in four patches. It can therefore be concluded that two patches are sufficient for any kind of numerical study in these types of bed formations under periodic boundary condition.

[Usman Ghani, Shahid Ali, Abid Latif. Investigation for Required Number of Patches for Numerical Modelling in an Open Channel with Checker. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):220-226] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.35

Keywords: Patches; velocity contours; turbulence model; secondary velocities, bed configuration.

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Performance Of Concrete Structure Against Construction Tolerances And Various Kinds Of Imperfections

Qaiser uz Zaman Khan ¹, Qaisar Abbas ², Afaq Ahmad ¹, Muhammad Yaqub¹, Faiz Thair¹

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan.

² CDM, Pakistan

ABSTRACT: Growing needs in construction industry has put the performance of concrete structure to perform as intended as a foremost concern. Concrete structure deviate from specifications, quality standards & design plans due to various conditions and challenging circumstances and as a result, as built performance of structure is compromised. Depending upon the type and magnitude of imperfections, accordingly serviceability is affected. However, only those concrete structures which are constructed in accordance with design parameters, specifications and quality control standards, perform satisfactorily. No structure can be constructed with 100% exactness as per drawings and specifications. Actually, during execution phase, accidently, due to lack of competency, lack of engineering knowledge, lack of insight of technical specifications and due to poor workmanship, various kinds of imperfections are resulted which affect the serviceability and performance of concrete structure. Typically, these imperfections include concrete cover, size of structure members, plumb, offset of structural elements, rotation and compressive strength of concrete. The performance of structure has also been evaluated in this work if seismic zone and soil profile has been changed. Construction tolerances provide guidance on various kinds of imperfections parameters and thus define criteria of acceptance. ACI standard 117-90[1] provides guidance and limits on tolerances for concrete construction & materials. In this research, performance and behavior of a typical structure model has been evaluated under various set of imperfections generated and also the tolerances of ACI 117-90[1]. Analysis has been made against UBC defined seismic loadings. It has also been determined which parameters adversely affect the performance and serviceability and which have least damaging impact. In some cases limits of imperfections has also been defined at the point where concrete structure becomes totally unserviceable.

[Qaiser uz Zaman Khan, Qaisar Abbas, Afaq Ahmad, Muhammad Yaqub, Faiz Thair. Performance Of Concrete Structure Against Construction Tolerances And Various Kinds Of Imperfections. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):227-234] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.36

Key Words: Serviceability, Performance, Imperfection, Tolerances, Specifications, Quality Control

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Study of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Reattachment Length Downstream the Obstruction in an Open Channel

Shahid Ali¹, Usman Ghani², Abid Latif³

¹ Senior Engineer, Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad Pakistan

² Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

³ Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UCET, BZU Multan, Pakistan

usman.ghani@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: The present paper presents results from an experimental work in an open channel flow. The open channel contains a weir-like obstruction with different leeward slopes. Two discharge values have been used under sub-critical flow conditions. The objective of the present study is to investigate the flow behavior behind a vegetated obstacle. The characteristics explored included the turbulent kinetic energy and recirculation zone behind the vegetated obstacles. It was observed from this work that the TKE has higher values in recirculation regions. On the other hand it was also found to be of high intensity in the vegetated zones of the flow. However TKE was maximum and positive close to the bed at a section at the end of the weir crest and it was negative below the top of the vegetation dowels. As far as recirculation region was concerned, it was observed that the vegetation had no effect on the recirculation zone behind the vegetated weir. In case of weir with mild downstream slope (1:7), the flow separation zone vanished and the energy head loss in this case decreased due to the decrease in form drag of the weir.

[Shahid Ali, Usman Ghani, Abid Latif. Study of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Reattachment Length Downstream the Obstruction in an Open Channel. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):235-240] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.37

Keywords: Leeward slope; Laser doppler anemometer; flume; turbulent kinetic energy; separation zone.

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Algorithm for Diagnostics of High-Voltage Equipment Based on Artificial Itelligence Technologies

Viacheslav Igorevich Dubrov, Evgeniy Vladimirovich Kirievskiy and Anna Vladimirovna Savchenko

Federal State Budget Educational Instution “Platov South Russian State Polytechnical University (NPI)”, Ul. Prosvescheniya, 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia

veterliliy@mail.ru

Abstract: This paper describes the diagnostics algorithms of one of the most important elements of the electric mains - the circuit breaker. There are the descriptions of two versions of the intelligent diagnostic algorithm of high-voltage circuit breakers based on neural networks. The main attention is paid to the comparison of the described algorithms on the spent resources, both in time and in computation. The article also describes the final stage of development of the diagnostic algorithm which is to optimize such parameters of the neural network as the number of neurons in a layer, the number of hidden layers in the neural network, the parameter of the network learning rate, the number of epochs (iterations) for training in the network. To test the adequacy of the neural network with optimized parameters we used the method of cross-validation. The algorithms are simulated in the Matlab environment, and the researchers have chosen high-voltage switch of MKP 110M type as the diagnostics object.

[Viacheslav Igorevich Dubrov, Evgeniy Vladimirovich Kirievskiy and Anna Vladimirovna Savchenko. Algorithm for Diagnostics of High-Voltage Equipment Based on Artificial Itelligence Technologies. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):241-245] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.38

Keywords: high-voltage switching equipment, diagnostic algorithms, the measurement of motion parameters, neural network, cross validation.

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Contact Force Calculation of the Machine Operational Point

Mikhail Vasilievich Doudkin, Sergey Yurievich Pichugin and Sergey Nikolaevich Fadeyev

D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Protozanova st., 69, 070004, Kazakhstan

london_690@mail.ru

Abstract: The paper contains the analyses of the road roller with the flexible shell structure operability and calculation of strength and traction coefficient alteration for road surface compacting. Significant complicacy and variety of mechanical properties of contacting bodies (the road roller operating element and deformed ground) have resulted in appearance of different schemes and their interaction. At the same time, analytical solutions concerning the contact of shifting roll with compacted material have not been carried to the logical completion for the opportunity of their practical use by engineers-designers. There is still an urgent problem of recording and functional approximation of shearing (tangent) contact pressures that along with normal stress that significantly impact on drag coefficient and deflected mode of the road surface under the roll rolling conditions. The absence of general of compacting theory methodology stimulates the designers of road-building machines to create different approximate methods of machines calculation; the number of methods now can be comparable with the range of proposed road roller designs.

[Doudkin M.V., Pichugin S.Y., Fadeyev S.N. Contact Force Calculation of the Machine Operational Point. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):246-250] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.39

Keywords: road roller, flexible roll, rolling

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Relationship between innovation capital and intellectual capital with value and financial performance

Sajjad Tanideh

Master of Financial Management

Abstract: The term intellectual capital conventionally refers to the difference in value between tangible assets (physical and financial) and market value. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the intellectual capital and innovation capitalwith financial performance and value of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Results indicate that there is not a significant relationship between intellectual capital and corporate value, there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of corporations, there is not a significant relationship between innovation capital and corporate value, there is a significant negative relationship between innovation capital and financial performance of corporations.

[Sajjad Tanideh. Relationship between innovation capital and intellectual capital with value and financial performance. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):251-254] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.40

Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Innovation Capital, Financial Performance, Value of Companies, Tehran Stock Exchange

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Assessment of most critical success factors for mega construction projects in Pakistan

Naeem Ejaz, Jawad Hussain, Faisal Shabbir, Muhammad Ali Shamim, Usman Ali Naeem, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir, Naveed Ahmad, Qazi Umar Farooq

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract: The construction process is dynamic in nature due to many uncertainties in technology, budgets, weather, and development techniques. A comprehensive study of critical success factors (CSFs) can improve the effectiveness of project. This research work explains the impacts of success factors on mega construction developments in Pakistan. A proper questionnaire was developed to collect information from practitioners (Clients, Consultants and Contractors). At the same time general community was also consulted to get an idea about the impacts of mega construction projects on public. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed through statistical analysis. By using rank method, top five success factors i.e., planning effort and scheduling (PES), adequacy of funding (AOF), project manager authority to take decision (PMD), adequacy of planning and specification (APS) and timely decision by client (TDC) were thoroughly investigated. Relationships between these success factors were elaborated using frequency analysis. It was found that, if AOF is certain throughout the project then other planning efforts should always support to achieve desire milestones within scheduled time of project. Also timely completion of mega construction projects may significantly support the economy of a country.

[Ejaz N, Hussain J, Shabir F, Shamim M A, Naeem U A, Tahir M, Ahmad N, Farooq Q U. Assessment of most critical success factors for mega construction projects in Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):255-261] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.41

Keywords: Construction Management, Pakistan, Critical Success Factors, Construction Industry

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Increasing Virtual Education Effectiveness by Quantifying Student Leaning Trajectories and Virtual Internships

Syed M. Ahsan, Ali Hassan

 Department of Information Technology, FCIT, King Abdul Aziz University, North Jeddah Branch

ahsancs@gmail.com

Abstract: Traditional measures of institutional effectiveness include no. of graduates, dropout rate, job placement, student services, physical infrastructure, faculty strength and administrative structure etc.. In context of Virtual University (VU) programs, however, a fundamental component of institutional effectiveness is student learning and student opinions (e.g., satisfaction). We feel that a qualitative and quantitative assessment of student learning will help improve institutional effectiveness. Documenting and measuring learning will enable us measure student’s success in achieving their educational goals.

[Syed M.Ahsan, Ali Hassan. Increasing Virtual Education Effectiveness by Quantifying Student Leaning Trajectories and Virtual Internships. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):262-264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.42

Keywords: E-education, Virtual university, learning curve, Student internships

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Computing of Calendar by Congruence Relation

Umar Farooq, Muhammad Sarwar and Muhammad Waqar

Department of mathematics, University Of Malakand,Chakdara Lower Dir, Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan

farooqpali@gmail.com; sarwar@uom.com; waqarmaths1@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper we discuss the application of linear congruence.Through this we find “Today” some days later, “Today” some days ago, “Today” some years later, “Today” some years ago, some years later or ago how many specific day (Sunday, Monday etc.) in this month or another month, and a specific year starts from which day?

[Umar Farooq, Muhammad Sarwar and Muhammad Waqar. Computing of Calendar by Congruence Relation. Life Sci J 2013; 10(10s): 265 - 269]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.43

Keywords: Calendar, days and linear congruence.

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Identification and classification of Industrial Hazardous Wastes - A case study of Iran

Paria Amirian

Department of Environment, Payame Noor University (PNU), I.R. of IRAN

 Email: paria_amirian@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hazardous wastes are special kind of wastes which has distinctive characteristics such as toxicity, corrosively, ignitability and reactivity that jeopardize health of human being's and environment in which they live. Hazardous wastes are produced from several industrial and commercial sources, agricultural or even domestic activities, but the most important sources are industrials. The risks of this kind of materials are very different according to the type of hazardous wastes and environmental conditions. Different effects including acute, chronic, short-term and long-term are to be expected. Economic and health consideration initiated a study aiming to identify industrial hazardous wastes in Fars province that has an important role in the developing industry of Iran. In this study the necessary data are gathered through questionnaire, interviewing the authorities of the units and referring to the available documents. The information encompasses the type and amount of hazardous wastes, method of temporary storage, period of hazardous wastes discharge, method of final disposal and the condition of recovery and reuse of hazardous wastes. Also for storing and analyzing the data, "industrial hazardous wastes database" has been made. The results attained from analyzing the information indicate the production of 1049042 tones of industrial wastes in the 2011s, the wastes production ratio of different industrial groups is obtained as 31% by chemical industries, 16% by oil and coke industries and 53% by other industries. Furthermore, 10915 tones of wastes (in conformance with appendix no 1 of Basel convention) categorized as hazardous wastes. In the context of the mentioned hazardous wastes, y₁₁, y_35, y_34, y₁₂ and y₁₃ (Basel codes) has reported as the major part of this categorization.

[Paria Amirian. Identification and classification of Industrial Hazardous Wastes - A case study of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):270-274]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.44

Keywords: wastes management, hazardous wastes, Basel Convention, chemical industries

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Towards The Development of Virtual Keyboard: An Activity Recognition Approach

Muhammad Haroon Yousaf, Hafiz Adnan Habib, Kanza Azhar, Fawad Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Malik Muhammad Asim

Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, 47050, Pakistan

haroon.yousaf@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: This paper presents an activity recognition based scheme for the development of the virtual keyboard for mobile and portable computing devices. Keystrokes activities are modeled in terms of the joints movements of fingers using kinematic model of hand. Generic activity recognition system is employed for keystroke detection and recognition. Hands activities on a flat surface are captured using mobile’s secondary camera. Scheme composed of two steps: first, low-level features are extracted in terms of joints trajectories estimation using finger joints localization and optical flow calculation. Second, trajectories are further interpreted into feature vectors. Feature vectors are trained and classified using Hidden Markov Models leading towards the keystrokes recognition. Real-time implementation covers the accurate detection and recognition of 78 keys of the keyboard, thus providing enriched set of keys to the users of mobile devices.

[Yousaf MH, Habib HA, Azhar K, Hussain F, Rizwan M, Asim MM. Towards the Development of Virtual Keyboard: An Activity Recognition Approach. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):275-282] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.45

Key words: Virtual keyboard, activity recognition, trajectory interpretation, hidden markov models

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The effect of Pilates exercises on general health in women with type 2 diabetes

Maryam Torabian¹, Mohsen Taghadosi², Neda Mirbagher Ajorpaz³*, Leila Khorasanifar⁴

¹Student of nursing master science, Research committee of Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran.

²Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.

 ³Department of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran

⁴BS in Midwifery, Golabchi diabetes center in Kashan, IR Iran.

*Corresponding author: mirbagher_n@kaums.ac.ir

Abstract: There is a lot of evidence that proves exercise therapy as an effective method to improve general health in patients with type 2 diabetes. One of these methods that has recently drawn exercise experts and physiotherapists’ attention toward itself and extensively been expanding is Pilates exercise. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of Pilates exercises on general health in woman patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Method: In this clinical trial study, 70 women suffering from type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into an experimental group (35 patients) and a control group (35 patients). A demographic information questionnaire and a general health one (GHQ28) were utilized to collect the required data. First, general health in both groups was measured before the intervention. Then, modified Pilates exercises were carried out in the experimental group twice a week over a period of 8 weeks. During the same period, the control group received conventional medications. Afterwards, general health in both groups was measured again. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 software. Data analysis was carried out through Independent and Paired samples t-tests and chi-square test. Results: Mean health score in the experimental and the control groups were respectively 43.07±11.72 and 29.6±12.43. In this regard, Independent samples t-test proved a significant difference (p=0.003). There was also a significant mean difference between both groups’ health aspects including physical symptoms (p=0.01), anxiety (p=0.003), social dysfunction (p=0.001), and depression (p=0.04) before and after the intervention. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is concluded that Pilates exercises can be utilized as an effective and safe method to improve general health in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results introduced Pilates exercises as an effective method for patients with type 2 diabetes.

[ Maryam Torabian, Mohsen Taghadosi, Neda Mirbagher Ajorpaz, Leila Khorasanifar. The effect of Pilates exercises on general health in women with type 2 diabetes. Life Sci J 2013;10(s): 283-288] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.46

Keyword: Pilates exercises; general health; type 2 diabetes

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Attitudes of physicians to futile treatment at the end of life care

Ebrahim Shahryari ¹, Mostafa Vahedian ², Seyed Hasan Adeli ³*, Ehsan Jangholi ⁴, Mohammad Gharehbeglou ¹, Mahdi Mesgaranzadeh ¹, Mohammad Javad Qasemzadeh ¹, Ghahraman Ahdi ¹, Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad ⁵

¹ Department Of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

² Master of Epidemiology, Clinical Research Devalopment Center, Qom Medical science University, Qom, Iran

³ Assistance professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Qom university of medical science, Qom, Iran

⁴ Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran

⁵ Head of Student Research Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Abstract: Background: Medical futility in the care of a patient is referred to a case in which interventions for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and other medical purposes, it is useless for the patient. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 physicians serving in Medical Educational Centres in Qom, Iran from March 2011 to April 2012. Data collected from the questionnaire was twofold as follows: Part I and Part II contains demographic information and physicians' attitudes to futile treatment, r espectively. Data analysis and statistical test Chi - square and t test and one-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS version 16. P<0.05 showed the statistical significance. Results: In this study, 200 physicians, including 51 (5/25%) women and 149 (5/74%) were male. The mean age of physicians was 41.3 ± 7.8 years. According to data on scores earned by all physicians after scoring from 0 to 25 the total of options according to the doctors at least 11 points and maximum 25 points received, the mean and standard deviation of the total score obtained in this study was 19.5 ± 3.1. Difference between the mean male and female physicians' attitudes score toward futile treatment was significant (p <0/05). Between age and work experience with the attitude there was possetive correlation but not statistically significant. Between education and the workplace no statistically significant relationship was found. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, there was a tendency to reduce exerting inappropriate treatments and futile procedures between health care professionals (HPCs) in Iran.

[Shahryari E, Vahedian M, Adeli SH, Jangholi E, Gharehbeglou M, Mesgaranzadeh M, Qasemzadeh MJ, Ahdi G, Shahrzad ME. Attitudes of physicians to futile treatment at the end of life care. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):289-292] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.47

Keywords: Futility, Medical, Physicians, Health care.

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The effects of spiritual counseling on the hope in hemodialysis patients: A clinical trial study

Mohammad Reza Afazel ¹, Mohammad Aghajani ^*2, Fariba Morassaie³

¹Department of nursing, Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran

²*Department of Psychiatric nursing, Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran

³Student of nursing master science, Research committee of Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran

*Corresponding Author: aghajani1362@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hope is one of the most significant sources of compatibility in individuals suffering from chronic diseases such as chronic renal failure to survive. Moreover, despair is considered as an important criterion in quitting the treatment and diet, tendency to die, and thoughts of suicide. In this regard, the present study was aimed at determining the effects of spiritual counseling on the hope in hemodialysis patients. Method: This investigation is a clinical trial study that was conducted on 90 hemodialysis patients who were randomly divided into an experimental group (45 patients) and a control one (45 patients). The experimental patients received spiritual counseling for one month while the control group was provided with typical care. Require data were collected through a demographic information questionnaire and the Herth’s Hope questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results: Patients’ mean hope was 33.36±5.9 after spiritual counseling which is significantly higher than the mean hope (28.48±3.2) before the treatment (p<0.0001). In the control group; however, no significant difference between the hope and after the study was observed. Moreover, mean hope was significantly higher after spiritual counseling to that of the control group (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Utilizing spiritual counseling as an effective, economical, and unaggressive treatment has resulted in improving methods of enhancing hope in hemodialysis patients.

[Mohammad Reza Afazel, Mohammad Aghajani, Fariba Morassaie. The effects of spiritual counseling on the hope in hemodialysis patients: A clinical trial study. Life Sci J 2013;10(s): 293-297] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.48

Keywords: hope; spiritual counseling; hemodialysis

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"A Comparison between the Effects of Stabilization and Mckenzie's Exercises on the Pain, Disability, and Lumbo-Pelvic Stability in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain"

Mohammad Hosseinifar Ph.D Student¹, Mohammad Akbari Ph.D ^2*, Hamied Behtash MD³, Mohsen Amiri Ph.D ⁴, Javad Sarrafzadeh Ph.D ⁵

¹Ph.D Student, Dept. of Physical Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²Associate Professor, Dept. of Physical Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Associate Professor, Dept. of Orthopedy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Associate Professor, Dept. of Physical Therapy, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physical Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Akbari_mo@tums.ac.ir

Abstract: Stabilization exercises have been used for management of Low Back Pain. These exercises improve stability and increase control of the spine due to neuromuscular changes. Therefore, the effectiveness of stabilization and McKenzie's exercises on intensity of pain, disability and lumbo-pelvic stability was compared in non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) patients. Thirty patients with non-specific CLBP participated in this study. Patients were enrolled through simple non-probability sampling and were assigned into two groups, Mckenzie's and stabilization exercises, randomly. Intensity of pain, disability, and lumbo-pelvic stability were evaluated by Visual Analouge Scale, The Oswestry disability Questionnaire, and Stibilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit, respectively. The training program was scheduled 18 sessions for both groups. T-tests and ANCOVA test were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). The results showed that although the score of pain decreased in both groups (p<0.05), the decrease of intensity of pain was more than in Stabilization Exercises Group (p<0.05). Also, the score of disability questionnaire decreased in stabilization exercise group (p<0.05). During Knee Lift Abdominal and Bent Knee Fall Out maneouvres, pressure of biofeedback unit did not significantly differ before and after interventions, in both groups (p>0.05). The present study supported that stabilization exercises can reduce pain and disability in non-specific CLBP patients.

[Mohammad Hosseinifar, Mohammad Akbari, Hamied Behtash, Mohsen Amiri, Javad Sarrafzadeh. "A Comparison between the Effects of Stabilization and Mckenzie's Exercises on the Pain, Disability, and Lumbo-Pelvic Stability in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain". Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):298-302](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.49

Key words: Chronic Low Back Pain, Stabilizaton Exercises, Lumbo-pelvic Stability, Disability.

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Survey of methicillin-resistant Strains of Staphylococci from Neonatal Septicemia for mecA gene

Nasrin Bahmani^1*, Enayat Kalantar², Vahide Torabi¹

^1*MS of Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

²Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

*Corresponding Author: nasrbah@yahoo.com

Abstract: septicemia is still prevalent among neonates and it is a major medical problem. The aim of this study was survey of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci from blood culture in neonate for mecA gene distribution. 138 blood cultures samples performed from neonates and identified the Staphylococci spp. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility according to CLSI. Detection of mecA gene was performed by PCR. Among 138 samples from neonates 31.8% were positive blood culture for Staphylococci strains; of which 54.5% and 45.5% were Coagulase negative Staphylococci(CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. total 24 samples of CONS were biotyped, S. epidermidis (62.5%) and S. saprophyticus(37.5%). maximum resistance was seen with Ampicillin and minimum Resistance with Ciprofloxacin. prevalence of MRCONS was 55.6% and MRSA was 55%.The mecA gene was detected in 87% of the isolated CONS and 70% of S. aureus isolates. This study show that the high prevalence of methicillin resistance among staphylococci strains in this area of iran and CONS predominated as the cause of methicillin resistance.

[Bahmani N., Kalantar E., Torabi V. Survey of methicillin-resistant Strains of Staphylococci from Neonatal Septicemia for mecA gene. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):303-306]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.50

Key words: Blood culture, Neonates,CONS, mec A, MRSA

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Study the effect of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) on Communication Improvement and Service Quality among Nursing Staff

Sakineh Aghazadeh *, Alovsat Aliyev, Habibollah Pirnejad

Institute of IT Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

And Urmia university of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

*Corresponding Author: aghazadehnasrin@gmail.com

Abstract: Failure in communication and information exchange among healthcare personnel can cause cooperative and coordinative problems among them, which finally increases chances of error and decreases the quality of patient care. If Hospital Information Systems (HIS) modifies the work routines and communication pattern among the personnel of different wards, they can play a significant role in providing the patients’ safety. The goal of this study is to investigate the HIS's effect on nursing stuff communications in different wards and finally on healthcare quality ş. Method: Two years after installation of HIS in Urmia’s Shahid Motahari Hospital, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the nurse users’ view about the HIS. After reliability and validity of the questionnaire were measured, it was distributed among 150 nurses working in the admission wards of the hospital. From among the questions of the questionnaire, 6 questions were aimed at measuring the major and minor effects of the system on the nurses’ important work communications and the major effect of the system on the accuracy of their routine tasks was assessed through one question. A 5-point Likert scale was considered in all of the questions. ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data collected from the questions. The study was an analytic descriptive research. Findings: A significant enhancement has been reported by nurses in total index of communication between different parts of hospital (60%) and basic indexes, including ease of accessing to patients' information (test results, radiology, etc.) (69.3%); following-up test results (78%); gathering of discharging information (58.6%); sending orders to laboratory (60%); and following-up prescribed medicine (58%) (p<0.05). Furthermore, in 60 percent of cases a positive effect on enhancing accuracy in doing routine tasks has been reported (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our study showed that hospital information system enhancing communication between nurses and increasing accuracy in their routine tasks causes development in nurses' work flow, decreasing probability of mistake, and rising in patient healthcare quality. [Sakineh Aghazadeh, Alovsat Aliyev, Habibollah Pirnejad. Study the effect of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) on Communication Improvement and Service Quality among Nursing Staff. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s): 307-310] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.51

Keywords: Hospital Information Systems; Communication; Exchange of Information; Nurses; Care Quality

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Attitude of Communities toward Rural Tourism Development

May-Chiun Lo ¹, T. Ramayah ², Peter Songan ³, Vikneswaran Nair ⁴

¹ Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia

² School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Penang

³ Faculty of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Sarawak, Malaysia

⁴ School of Hospitality, Tourism & Culinary Arts, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

mclo@feb.unimas.my

Abstract: The rapid development of the tourism industry has detrimental impacts to the environment especially in the depletion of natural resources and the degradation of the eco-system. Hence, the potential hostile responses expected from the local communities would negatively affect any rural tourism development, if equilibrium between benefits and negative effects of the development are not properly achieved. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the perceptions of rural tourism communities and their aspiration towards tourism development from five main environmental perspectives, namely destination environment, communities’ satisfaction, environmental management practices, influence of environmental resources, and communities’ attitudes at rural destinations in Malaysia. One hundred and eighty-two respondents comprising of residents of rural tourism in Malaysia took part voluntarily in this study. Interestingly, the findings revealed that local communities’ satisfactions and influence of resources at the rural destinations were of the most concerned to the local communities with regards to their future aspirations towards tourism development.

[Lo MC, Ramayah T, Songan P, & Nair, V. Attitude of Communities toward Rural Tourism Development. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):311-322] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.52

Key words: Rural tourism; communities; environment; satisfaction; resources

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A Study on Cognitive Distraction for Drivers

Abdullah Bawakid¹, Syed Ahsan

Faculty of Computing and Information Technology – North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

¹ abawakid@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: Driving is taken as granted by many people most of the time. It is however a complex and a risky task in which drivers employ simultaneously different sets of physical, psychological and cognitive skills. A realistic study that was conducted on 100 cars concluded that almost %65 of near-crashes and %80 of crashes were due to some form of inattention of the drivers. Among the most common types of inattention are distractions caused by fatigue, and involvement with secondary tasks while driving. In this paper, we present an overview on what is meant by driver distraction. We illustrate the various definitions of the phrase “driver distraction” in the literature. We describe how in-car systems and technologies which are not related to driving can cause distraction to drivers. We report the five main categories of distractions affecting drivers while driving. We then describe what is meant by cognitive distraction, its risks and how it can occur. We present the main measures used in the literature for the detection of distractions. We then report the main ones used for cognitive distraction. Afterwards, we highlight areas for further research in the field.

[Bawakid A, Ahsan S. A Study on Cognitive Distraction for Drivers. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):323-326] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.53

Keywords: Cognitive Distraction; Drivers; inattention; Features Extraction; Fatigue

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Study on the effect of diazinon on haematological indices in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh - 11451, Saudi Arabia

ranasm60@gmail.com

Abstract：The goal was to assess an effect of diazinon [0,0-diethyl 0-(2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4yl) phosphorothioate] on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish were exposed to six different concentrations of diazinon (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ppm) for 96 h in 180 L glass aquaria. LC50-96h was obtained for diazinon (20 ppm) indicates diazinon is highly toxic to C. carpio. The results showed that the number of leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), haematocrit (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the amount of MCV and MCH was increased significantly by 50 % and decreased again. Lymphocyte decreased significantly by 60 % and then increased by 80 %. There was a significant increase in neutrophils count by 55 % and then decrease by 70 %. Resulted changes in erythrocyte and leukocytes after exposing to Diazinon are due to malfunction in hemopoiesis and decrease in non-specific immune system. It has been concluded that long-term exposure to diazinon at sub-lethal concentrations induced alterations in haematological indices in common carp and offers a simple tool to evaluate toxicity derived alterations.

[Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim. Study on the effect of diazinon on haematological indices in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Life Sci J 2013; 10(10s): 327-332]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.54

Key words: Organophosphorous pesticide, erythrocyte profile, leukocyte profile, MCV, MCH

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Integrated assessment of innovation in enterprises

Abeldanova Aygerim ¹, Sadvakasova Aigul ²

¹Kazakh academy of transport and communications named after M. Tynyshpaev, Almaty, Kazakhstan

²High School of Business "EurAsia", Almaty, Kazakhstan

kairat_phd@mail.ru

Abstract: The issues of the legal regulation of innovation in Kazakhstan are considered in the research paper. The current status of innovative development of enterprises is analyzed. The basic approaches to the integrated assessment of innovation efficiency of enterprise are examined and the most acceptable approach meeting the modern conditions is offered.

[Abeldanova A, Sadvakasova A. Integrated assessment of innovation in enterprises. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s): 333-335] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.55

Keywords: Innovation, legal regulation, efficiency, effect, integrated assessment.

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Environmental pollution of heavy metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review

Shahid Mahboob

Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.

shahidmahboob60@hotmail.com

Abstract: This review summarizes the current information on the contribution of heavy metals as a result of pollution to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are considered as important toxic pollutants and there is an extensive literature about their accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. Globally, there is now abundant evidence that anthropogenic activities have contaminated the environment with heavy metals from multiple sources. Heavy metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic animals, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an unenviable part of aerobic life. The potential of oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage tissues and cellular components, called oxidative stress, in biological systems has become a topic of concern for environmental pollution studies. Their steady-state concentration is a balance between production and elimination providing certain steady-state ROS level. The balance between prooxidant endogenous and exogenous factors (i.e., environmental pollutants) and antioxidant defenses (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) in biological systems can be used to assess the toxic effects under stressful environmental conditions, especially oxidative damage caused by various groups of chemical pollutants. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. The components of the antioxidant defence are used as a biochemical markers of oxidative stress. This knowledge extends to specific applications in fish because of their sensitivity to oxidative pollutants, their filtration capacity, and their potential for environmental toxicology studies.

[Mahboob S. Environmental pollution of heavy metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review. Life Sci J 201310(10s); 336-347] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.56

Keywords: Environmental pollutants, Fish, Heavy metals, Oxidative stress, glutathion; superoxide dismutase; antioxidant defence, Reactive oxygen species

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Selective Overview on Decision Support Systems: Focus on HealthCare

Majid Yaghoubi Ashrafi¹(MD), Mahtab Karami², Reza Safdari³(PhD), Azadeh Nazeri⁴(MD)*

1. MD, Vice-chancellor for treatment, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

2. PhD Student of Health Information Management, School of Allied-Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. PhD of Health Information Management, Associate-Professor, School of Allied- Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. MD, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

* Corresponding author: nazeriazadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Decision support systems (DSS) are one type of the applications of information technology that can help clinicians to make right and in time decisions about patients care. The aim of this study is to get familiar with Decision support applications and their effects on healthcare. Methods: In this systematic review, articles between 2000 and 2012 which were available as full texts through databases and search engines including PubMED, EBSCO host research, Google scholar and which were also the clinical trials were examined, as well as books in this area that were used as primary sources. Results: The findings showed that DSS were applied in five areas in health care, which had significant effect on improving the process of care and the performance of providers. These areas are as follows: disease progress management (15.15%), care and treatment (27.27%), drug prescribing (27.27%), evaluation (18.18%), and prevention (12.12%). Conclusion: An overview of various models of DSS and consideration the components which are enhancing the performance of the system, help clinicians to select appropriate system for their operation in order to achieve significant gains such as reducing medical and medication errors, compliance with standard treatment and medication guidelines, reducing costs and ultimately improving the quality of health care.In general, improvement can be seen in three areas: quality of care and patient safety, cost effectiveness and provider’s level of knowledge.

[Majid Yaghoubi Ashrafi, Mahtab Karami, Reza Safdari, Azadeh Nazeri. Selective Overview on Decision Support Systems: Focus on HealthCare.. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):348-355] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.57

Keywords: Clinical Decision Support System, Decision Support Systems, Health Information Technology, Healthcare, Clinical

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Optimizing Disease Management with Data Warehousing

Azadeh Nazari¹(MD), Mahtab Karami², Reza Safdari ³(PhD), Majid Yaghoubi Ashrafi⁴(MD)*

[1] MD, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

^{2PhD student of Health Information Management, school of Allied-Medical sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran}

3 PhD of Health Information Management, Associate-professor, school of Allied- Medical sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

 4*MD, Vice-chancellor for treatment, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

 * Corresponding Author, Email: beh.yaq@gmail.com

Abstract: Diseases management offers the benefits of lower disease occurrence, improved patient care, and lower healthcare costs. The key mechanism used to identify individuals at risk, stratify patients by risk level and track patients’ progress through the disease management is the data warehouse (DW). By data warehouse, healthcare organizations, clinicians and managers can reduce costs generated by process redesign, obtain right information in areas of patient care, budgeting, planning, research, process improvement, external reporting, benchmarking, trend analysis and marketing and make the right decision to prevent the progression or appearance of the illness, thus maintaining the health of the population. This review article describes operational systems, DW features and component and role of it in disease management programs.

[Azadeh Nazari, Mahtab Karami, Reza Safdari, Majid Yaghoubi Ashrafi. Optimizing Disease Management with Data Warehousing. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):356-359] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.58

Key words: disease management; data warehouse; OLAP; OLTP; data mining; clinical decision making

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Scenic literature in the context of the drama and dramatic art of the Turkic nations (late XIX - early XX centuries)

Alibi Kabykenovich Shapauov ¹, Serik Negimov ² and Nartai Zhusipov ³

¹Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Abaya St, 76, city of Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan

²L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, st. Munaytpasa, 5, 020000, c. Astana, Kazakhstan

³ Pavlodar State University named after S. Toraighyrov, st. Lomova, 64, с. Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan.

Abstract: The article deals with a general review of the previously unexplored in the world dramatic art and drama genre of the scenic literature in the context of the drama and theatre of the Turkic nations of the Central Asia and the Volga, the Siberian regions of Russia, the Caucasian in the late XIX - early XX century. On the basis of the specific scenic and literature facts a system research on the Turkic nations’ inherent pursuit of mass theatrical performances and festivities was conducted. The scenic literature, drama and dramatic art of the related Turkic nations originate in the folk games and rites, develop, adopting the centuries-old traditions of the scenic literature and the art of the East and the Europe, gain integrity and enter the scene of the world literature and the art. For the first time the issues of handwritten plays are purposively considered, the genre and style types from folklore to theatrical performances, the evolution of interactions and comparisons with the scenic works of the Turkic nations of the Central Asia and the Volga, the Siberian regions of Russia, the Caucasian in the late XIX - early XX centuries are fundamentally investigated.

[Shapauov A.K., Negimov S., Zhusipov N. Scenic literature in the context of the drama and dramatic art of the Turkic nations (late XIX - early XX centuries). Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):360-364] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.59

Keywords: scenic literature, drama, handwritten plays, adaptation, dramatic art.

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Appraisal and Categorization of Commercial Banks Group Customers

Sadaf Shamsuddin^a, Mitwali Abd-el. Moemen^b, Alaa Mohammed Shoukry^b, Mohammed Atta^b, Mustafa Shalapx^b, Saqib Muneer^c, Agha Amad Nabi^c

^aDepartment of Management Olaishah, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

^bCollege of Law and Political Science, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

^cFaculty of Management and Human Resource Development (FPPSM), University of Technology, Malaysia

Email: Saqibmuneer85@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper first constructs an evaluation system based on the customer value theory and the distinguished features of group customers of commercial banks. Then establishes an Interval-valued Fuzzy Evaluation Model based on Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Theory to evaluate and classify the group customers of commercial banks. The empirical study shows that, this classification method can better reflect the profit-oriented operating principle of commercial banks, besides; the comprehensive value assessment result and its intermediate calculation data provide a clear guidance to the differential marketing activities of commercial banks which is helpful to improve the efficiency of CRM.

[Sadaf Shamsuddin, Jameel A Khader, Alaa Mohammed Shoukry, Mohammed Atta, Mustafa Shalapx, Saqib Muneer, Agha Amad Nabi. Appraisal and Categorization of Commercial Banks Group Customers. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):365-372]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.60

Key words: Commercial bank; Group customer; Evaluation; Fuzzy set; Interval-valued number

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In the Moderating Effect of Regulatory-Pressur-e: Importance of Partnership and Leadership in Supply Chain Management Practices

Sadaf Shamsuddin^a, Mitwali Abd-el.Moemen^b,Alaa Mohammed Shoukry^b, Mohammed Atta^b, Mustafa Shalapx^b, Syed Muhammad Javed Iqbal^c, Agha Jahanzeb^c,*, Saif-Ur-Rehman^c

^aDepartment of Management Olaishah, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

^bCollege of Law and Political Science, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

^cFaculty of Management and Human Resource Development (FPPSM), University of Technology, Malaysia

Email: aghajahanzeb@outlook.com

Abstract: The researchers reviewed the organizational business management literature and found that the internal practices are very important determining factors of supply chain management (SCM). The ability of management to properly implement supply chain management leadership and partnership may increase organizational performance. More importantly, a further research in this field reveals that the effect of supply chain management leadership and partnership on organizational performance is not consistent if regulatory pressure is present in organizations. Even though, this relationship is significant, but still not much is known about the moderating effect of regulatory pressure in supply chain management research literature. Therefore, it motivates the researchers to further examine the supply chain management research literature in order to find relevant theoretical and empirical evidences supporting the moderating effect of regulatory pressure in the hypothesized model.

[Sadaf Shamsuddin, Jameel A Khader, Alaa Mohammed Shoukry, Mohammed Atta, Mustafa Shalapx, Syed Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Agha Jahanzeb, Saif-Ur-Rehman. In the Moderating Effect of Regulatory-Pressure: Importance of Partnership and Leadership in Supply Chain Management Practices. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):373-380]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.61

Keywords: Supply Chain Management Practices, Leadership, Partnership, Regulatory Pressure, Organizational Performance

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Role of Different Environmental Settings in Depression in Late life

Saif-Ur-Rehman^a, Saqib Muneer^a,*, Mitwali Abd-el.Moemen^b, Sadaf Shamsuddin^c

^aFaculty of Management and Human Resource Development (FPPSM), University of Technology, Malaysia

^bCollege of Law and Political Science, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

^cDepartment of Management Olaisha, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Email: Saqibmuneer85@gmail.com

Abstract: With greater longevity, there is a progressive increase in the elderly psychiatric patients. Depression is possibly the most prevalent psychiatric disorder among older adults and also recognized as a serious public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Present study is aimed to establish the comparative profile of prevalence of depression between the elderly of rural and urban West Bengal. It is also aimed to investigate the socio-demographic correlates of geriatric depression in these groups. The study is conducted on middle class Pakistani inhabiting the Salt mines City, Khewra, and few villages in a remote rural setting under the state of Punjab district Jhelum, Pakistan. In both the settings, middle class Pakistanis is the predominant social group. The study sample consists of 205 rural and 176 urban elderly, aged between 65 years and 79 years. Information about depression is obtained following the standard questionnaire namely, “Geriatric Depression Scale” (short form) or “GDS 15”. Information on socio-demographic characteristics from the study population has been collected through a pretested questionnaire. Results of the study indicate that both rural males and females experience significantly higher prevalence of depression in comparison to their urban counterparts. The result of logistic regression analysis indicates that the place of residence is the primary predictor for depression. Other predictors of depression are age groups, sex, marital status, level of education, occupation, family size and number of children. It can be inferred from the present study that rural population is in more vulnerable condition than urban elderly in depression prevalence. Place of residence and socio-demographic factors are the important predictors for depression in these study groups.

[Saif-Ur-Rehman, Saqib Muneer, Mitwali Abd-el. Moemen, Sadaf Shamsuddin. Role of Different Environmental Settings in Depression in Late life. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):381-388]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1010s13.62

Keywords: Depression, socio-demographic, Mental disorder, depression

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