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1

Cytogenetic and Molecular Estimation on the Effects of Energy Drink ‟Bison” in Vicia faba Plant

Asmahan, A. M. Ali^*, Nora H., El-zahrani** and Salha, M. Al-Shamrani^**.

^*National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

**Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding Authors: asmahan_ali@hotmal.com, nhalzhrani@kau.edu.sa.

ABSTRACT: The cytogenetic effects of four concentration for energy drink "bison" i.e: 50%, 80%, 90% and 100 % were evaluated on Vicia faba plants. Whereas, faba bean plants at the flowering stage were spraying with obvious bision concentrations and meiotic division behavior was studied after (24, 48) h. and 15 days from spraying. SDS protein electrophrosis was estimated in treated Vicia faba after spraying with 15 days. RAPD-PCR reaction was conduct in M₂ faba bean plants which treated with the highest bison concentration (100%). All bison treatments caused highly significant of total meiotic abnormalities, which it increased as the time of treatment prolonged in both bison concentrations 50% and 80%. While, this trait decreased after 15 days from spraying at both 90% and 100% bison. On the other hand, this parameter increased as bison concentration increased from 50% to 90% at the 48 h. period. Meiotic abnormalities in the second division were lower than those recorded in the first division in the almost treatments of three bison concentrations(80%; 90% and 100%), these results indicate that a recovery in this age. The most abnormalities were shown in metaphase and anaphase in both two meiotic divisions. On the other hands, stickiness and disturbed were the most dominant of abnormalities. In addition laggards, bridges and micronuclei occurred but with very low percentages in some treatments. All bison treatments caused increasing of four protein bands intensity with molecular weight: 140, 85, 55 and 35 KDa. The highest bison concentration (100%) showed a polymorphic genetic bands by using RAPD-PCR product comparing with control. Results concluded that energy drink "bison" had mutagenic effect on Vicia faba plant.

Asmahan, A. M. Ali^*, Nora H., El-zahrani and Salha, M. Al-Shamrani. Cytogenetic and Molecular Estimation on the Effects of Energy Drink ‟Bison” in Vicia faba Plant. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):1-8] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.01

Key words: Cytogenotoxic effects, meiotic division behavior, SDS protein electrophrosis, RAPD-RCR reaction

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2

MQAT: An Efficient Quality Assessment Tool for Large Multiple Sequence Alignments

Muhammad Tariq Pervez^1,3, Masroor Ellahi Babar², Asif Nadeem³, Naeem Aslam^4,3, Ali Raza Awan³, Muhammad Aslam⁴, Tanveer Hussain³, Salman Qadri⁶, Sarfraz Ahmad¹ and Muhammad Shoaib⁴

¹Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan

²Department of Live Stock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

³Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.

⁵Department of Computer Science, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technological Training, Multan, Pakistan

⁶Department of Computer Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur

tariq_cp@hotmail.com

Abstract: Knowledge of the most accurate MSA method in the initial stage of a biological research work may help in choosing the right MSA method and a correct downstream analysis. The most important challenge of the current era is to handle large alignments efficiently. Currently, no tool is available that compares several large MSAs (having several thousand sequences) simultaneously and efficiently based on a reference alignment. In this article, we present MQAT; a multithreaded java based software tool that can compare several MSAs simultaneously and efficiently. It has implemented divide and conquer technique. MQAT is many times more efficient than the available tools for comparing MSAs. Results show that MQAT can compute sum of pairs score and column score of an alignment consisting of more than 11,000 sequences just in 11 seconds and is more than 95% efficient as compared to other similar tools. All activities in MQAT can be saved in form of a project in an XML file that can be reopened at some later time. MQAT presents results in tabular form as well as in graphical form using bar, pie and line charts.

[Muhammad Tariq Pervez, Masroor Ellahi Babar, Asif Nadeem, Naeem Aslam, Ali Raza Awan, Muhammad Aslam, Tanveer Hussain, Salman Qadri, Sarfraz Ahmad and Muhammad Shoaib. MQAT: An Efficient Quality Assessment Tool for Large Multiple Sequence Alignments. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):9-16] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.02

Keywords: MSA, Comparison, SPS, CS

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3

Studying Mistaken Theory of Calendar Function of Iran’s Cross-Vaults

Ali Salehipour

Department of Architecture, Heris Branch, Islamic Azad University, Heris, Iran

salehipour@herisiau.ac.ir

Abstract: After presenting the theory of calendar function of Iran’s cross-vaults especially “Niasar” cross-vault in recent years, there has been lots of doubts and uncertainty about this theory by astrologists and archaeologists. According to this theory “Niasar cross-vault and other cross-vaults of Iran has calendar function and are constructed in a way that sunrise and sunset can be seen from one of its openings in the beginning and middle of each season of year”. But, mentioning historical documentaries we conclude here that the theory of calendar function of Iran’s cross-vaults does not have any strong basis and individual cross-vaults had only religious function in Iran.

[Ali Salehipour. Studying Mistaken Theory of Calendar Function of Iran’s Cross-Vaults. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):17-29] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.03

Keywords: cross-vault; fire temple; Calendar function; Sassanid period

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4

The effect of dimple and perforations on Flow Efficiency and heat transfer enhancement in Multi louvered Fin banks

Dr. H. Shokuhmand ¹, F.Sangtarash ²

^1. Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

hshkuhmand@me.ut.ac.ir

^2. P.H.D Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

fsangtarash@me.ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Numerical and experimental analyses are performed on multi-louvered fin banks in low and medium Reynolds regimes to investigate the effects of dimples and perforations on flow structure and heat transfer capacity. In different Reynolds numbers the flow efficiency has been calculated numerically and experimentally by flow visualization method and the results show that dimple and perforations can increase flow efficiency more than 5% in fin banks. In addition to flow efficiency evaluation a set of numerical and experimental analysis has been done to evaluate temperature contours and total heat transfer in three cases of simple fin bank, dimple fin bank and dimple-perforation fin bank in different Reynolds Numbers. The results show that employing dimples and perforations together because of using heat transfer enhancement features of non-continuous surfaces with those of interrupted surfaces leads to considerable raise in heat transfer capacity of the fin banks up to 9% in fin banks.

[Shokuhmand, F. Sangtarash. The effect of dimple and perforations on Flow Efficiency and heat transfer enhancement in Multi louvered Fin banks. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):30-40] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.04

Keywords: multi-louvered fin, dimple, flow efficiency, perforation, heat transfer enhancement

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5

FAQMAA: A Framework for Automatic Quality Assessment of Multiple Sequence Alignments

Muhammad Tariq Pervez¹ Naeem Aslam ², Sarfraz Ahmad¹, Syed Shah Muhammad¹, Salman Qadri³, Sajid Ali⁴ and Usman Waheed¹.

^1. Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan

^2. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

^3. Department of Computer Science, Islamia University of Bahawalpur

^4. Institute of Virtual Reality and Visual Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

tariq_cp@hotmail.com

Abstract: Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) have significant role in the downstream analysis which includes identifying conserved patterns through evolution, functionally important residues, protein secondary and tertiary structure etc. MSAs, thus, have become an active area of research in the domain of bioinformatics. A large number of MSA methods are available but none of them is capable of producing a correct alignment for all situations. Therefore, knowledge of the most accurate MSA method in the initial stage of a biological research work may help in choosing the right MSA method for the right situation. Traditional technique to assess quality of MSA requires a lot of prior work to be completed such as calculation of guide tree, indel parameters, the best protein evolution model and reference alignment. Currently, no bioinformatic tool is available that performs all the prior work on its own. In this article, we present a framework titled ‘FAQMAA’ and its implementation in Java programming language that automatically assesses quality of a MSA method. FAQMAA has embedded interrelated open source software applications such as lamba.pl which is used to calculate the indel parameters, PortTest for extracting the best protein evolution model, amino acid frequencies and guide tree, INDELible for generating true alignment and finally SuiteMSA for calculating sum of pairs score and column score. FAQMAA does not require from user a guide tree file, indel parameters, the best protein evolution model, amino acid frequencies or even a reference alignment in order to perform its job. All the prior task is performed by the FAQMAA on its own and helps user save time, tiredness and cumbersome. FAQMAA has expedited the process of measuring quality of a MSA method and helped in selecting the right MSA method in the right situation.

[Muhammad Tariq Pervez Naeem Aslam, Sarfraz Ahmad, Syed Shah Muhammad, Salman Qadri, Sajid Ali and Usman Waheed. FAQMAA: A Framework for Automatic Quality Assessment of Multiple Sequence Alignments. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):41-45] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.05

Keywords: Multiple Sequence Alignment, MSA Quality, Comparison

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6

A Study On Emotional Intelligence Factors And Contribution Across The Countries In The World.

G. Sharmila¹, Dr. S. Srividhya²

1. Part Time Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore 641 047.

Email: ssautche@gmail.com

Abstract: Emotional Intelligence will play a vital path of Social Community. The conceptual paper concentrates on difference in Emotional Intelligence in the term of Culture, Behavior etc. We examine the degree to which conceptual ability, emotional intelligence, and relationship management impact each other, as well as whether or not country cultural differences have an impact on these relationships, while controlling for gender differences. The study has read various Article and Thesis and derived the Idea to which they play the role.

[G. Sharmila, S. Srividhya. A Study On Emotional Intelligence Factors And Contribution Across The Countries In The World. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):46-53] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.06

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Factor; Contribution; Country; World

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7

Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Competencies for Medical Practitioners

Dr. S. Srividhya¹, G. Sharmila²

¹Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 047, India

²Part Time Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 047, India

ssautcbe@gmail.com

Abstract: Many definitions of emotional intelligence emerged in the medical literature beginning in the 2000s. Essentially, however, synthesis and simplification of these definitions led us to describe emotional intelligence as a complex set of emotions built on the components of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and competence as personal ability. This review supports the emotional intelligence construct as a complex but demonstrable integration of numerous related objectives, the latter being discrete measurable behaviors. Attainment of defined competencies helps reach a set goal, which is by definition lofty, vague, and far-reaching. The elements of emotional intelligence-based education are best understood when contrasted with the elements of the structure-and process-based system that pervades medical education today.

[S. Srividhya, G. Sharmila. Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Competencies for Medical Practitioners. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):54-58] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.07

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Emotional Competencie; Medical Practitioner

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8

The Impact Of Celebrity Advertisement On Indian Customers

J. Srikanth¹, Dr. M. Saravanakumar², Dr. S. Srividhya³

¹Part Time Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 047, India

²Associate Professor in the Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 047, India

3Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 047, India

ssautcbe@gmail. com

ABSTRACT: In a competitive market place where price is not a differentiator, customers are becoming harder to please. Celebrity advertisement is one of the marketing strategies which firms use now days to boost the economic status of the organization and to lead the consumer’s decision towards enhancing their attitudinal change. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to analyses the impact of celebrity advertisement on Indian consumers. It also identifies the factors affecting the celebrity endorsement.

[J. Srikanth, M. Saravanakumar, S. Srividhya. The Impact Of Celebrity Advertisement On Indian Customers.

Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):59-65] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.08

KEYWORDS: Celebrity, Source Credibility, Brand and Overshadow.

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9

Exploration of the effects of ICT on Improving the Cultural Management (Case Study: the Cultural and Artistic Organization of the Municipality of Tehran)

* Omid Ardalan, ** Farhad Vafai

School of Business, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran, M.A in Executive Management, ardalan62omid@yahoo.com

 Assistant Professor at Kurdistan University, Tel. 09188394685, vafa408@yahoo.com

Abstract: This article examine the effects of ICT on improving the cultural management. The way of collecting data is descriptive. The study used questionnaires for gathering the required information and the sample included 287cultural managers selected randomly. It is worth mentioning that73 of them were among e selected managers using the ICT will lead to improving management of the cultural services, increasing the efficiency of managers based on the principle of customer-centering decreasing the expenses and increasing the rate of presenting the cultural services. Based on the result of the study also some suggestions are made to improve the statue of presenting the cultural service and products.

[Omid Ardalan, Farhad Vafai. Exploration of the effects of ICT on Improving the Cultural Management (Case Study: the Cultural and Artistic Organization of the Municipality of Tehran). Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):66-76] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.09

Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Cultural Management, Cultural Services and Products, the Cultural and Artistic Organization of the Municipality of Tehran.

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10

Impact of Information Technology on Modern Systems of Accounting Management

Effat Akrami Moghadam¹ (Corresponding author), Tayebe Nowroozi Chegini²

^1. Faculty Member of Payam Noor University, post cod19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

^2. Lecturer at Scientific and Applied University, Bafgh Branch, Yazd, Iran

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of modern information technology on accounting systems and finally the performance of the company. Information technology would enhance the performance, increase accuracy and improve processing speed and reporting. The effect of these parameters on modern accounting management system and ultimately on firm performance is measured. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed among 110 companies listed on the Stock Exchange. Using structural equation modeling software AMOS analysis was performed on the data. The results show that information on the performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange affects and the effect through the application of modern tools of management accounting is applied.

[Effat Akrami Moghadam, Tayebe Nowroozi Chegini. Impact of Information Technology on Modern Systems of Accounting Management. Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):77-83] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.10

Keywords: Information Technology, modern systems of accounting, management accounting

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11

Studies on the Developmental Stages of Japanese Printing Arts as a Unique School of Arts

Yasser mounir gaber

Graphic Design Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, AL-Emam University, AL-Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

yasser-mon@hotmail.com, monyasser@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Japanese printing arts is considered to be one of the most important arts that helped the spread of printing in the whole, because of the secrets and mysteries contained in these arts adopted by Japanese artist in the printing process, which was passing through several stages and very complex considered Japanese artist is not considered the printing process as usual typographical process, but the process is sacred process, because and so what was the expe Buddhist monks from printing operations, which were restricted to them from the eleventh century to the beginning of the sixteenth century, this is in addition to completion of four different people who the artist and character and cutter and publisher, which make these valuable printing arts technically different from European publications, which relied on individual performance the beginning of the artist from the idea of working to complete the printing processes and production of final versions. It is worth mentioning that, the Japanese printing arts were dependent on pillars of spiritual, philosophical and private subjects sunken in the local through in distinct instruments and used them to handmade securities called washi and it depends on natural water printing materials and methods of scrubs handicrafts and artistic influences of different and characterized by complexity and ambiguity, which ceased to exist by factors of time and disappearance from the artists, this research tried to addresses these printing arts in excellence and take advantage of different genres and its secrets and try to develop it to be suitable with the requirements of modern printing arts. Yasser mounir gaber.

[Yasser mounir gaber. Studies on the Developmental Stages of Japanese Printing Arts as a Unique School of Arts. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):84-123] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.11

Key words: Japanese-Printing arts-Ukiyo-e-Ton-e-Beni-e-Benizuri-e- Beni-e- Urushi-e-Kapa Zuni –e- Early printing- Hand coloring- Mechanical coloring- Technical refinement.

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Evaluation and Prioritization of Key Parameters for Optimization of HSM of Ti Alloys

Khalid.H.Hashmi^{1, 2}, Shahid Khalil², Ghulam Zakria¹, Khawaja M. Jawad², Uzma Hameed¹, Muhammad Sharif³

¹Advanced Engineering Research Organization, Hasan Abdal, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

² University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

³COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

zakria9613@yahoo.com

Abstract-The scope of high speed machining for hard materials has been increased due to explorations in the field of applications of these materials in today’s technological world. The applications of these materials including Titanium alloys especially used for aerospace are rapidly increasing due to emergent needs of customers and shorter product life cycles. High speed machining (HSM) of Titanium alloys is a more complex phenomenon than that of conventional materials and machining processes. Process optimization for HSM of Titanium alloys can significantly reduce the cycle time of machining processes resulting in reduced lead times, better project management and increased profits. There are several parameters that need to be optimized for better and cost effective machining of Ti alloys. But before optimization the identification and prioritization of these parameters is obligatory. In this paper a methodology has been developed for identification and prioritization of these key parameters. Expert opinions are integrated with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to define the priority of these parameters. The prioritized matrices will then form the basis for further optimization of these key parameters to be used for HSM of Ti alloys.

[Khalid.H.Hashmi, Shahid Khalil, Ghulam Zakria, Khawaja M. Jawad, Uzma Hameed, Muhammad Sharif. Evaluation and Prioritization of Key Parameters for Optimization of HSM of Ti Alloys. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):124-130] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.12

Keywords: High speed machining, Decision making, Prioritization, Key parameters, Aerospace, Medical applications

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The participation of Turkish National Ski Team and mentally handicapped camp with changes before and after the physical examination of dynamic and static balance changes in 2010 at the world championships

Orcan MIZRAK

Department of Recreation College of Physical Educatıon and Sport, Atatürk University, Turkey

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the Mentally Handicapped Skiing National Team camp in Turkey participated in the World Championships before and after the study of the physical changes and changes in the dynamic and static balance. The study group is including people ranging from 14-22 years and 5 girls, 9 boys consisting of a total of 14 people in Turkey Mentally Disabled Skiing National Team athletes. Euro fit athletes before and after the camp study tests (dynamic and static balance, discs, touch, flexibility, standing long jump, hand grip, the shuttle 30 seconds, Twisted Grip Handle, 10x5 m shuttle run test) were compared by examining changes in the physical and physical condition. The research data were analyzed using the SSPS 16.00. The study of frequency, percentage distribution, standard deviation, Z values and significance levels tabulated and interpreted. According to the results, the test values before and after camp among the athletes left hand grip strength tests were statistically significant differences that they were also found externally (P> 0.001).

[Orcan MIZRAK. The participation of Turkish National Ski Team and mentally handicapped camp with changes before and after the physical examination of dynamic and static balance changes in 2010 at the world championships. Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):131-134] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.13

Keywords: mental disabilities, skiing, camping, dynamic and static.

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Annual review of mortality frequency at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar-Abbas

Ahmad Haghiri Dehbarez ^1,2, Fereshteh Jafariyan¹, hamid nasiri¹, mehrnaz Haghighi³, Mehdi lalehzari ^4*, Mirza Ali Nazar Nejad⁵

1- Trauma & emergency medicine research center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

2- Student Research Committee, Medical Student, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbass, Iran.

3- Infectious & topical disease research center hormozgzn university of medical sciences- Bandar abbas, Iran.

4- Assistant professor of forensic medicine & toxicology, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandar abbas, Iran.

5- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

E-mail: mlalehzari@hums.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: This study is conducted to determine the cause of death in patients admitted to Shahid Mohammadi hospital, the central hospital of Hormozgan Province. Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of 761 patients who died in Shahid Mohammadi hospital in the 12 months ending September 2012 were reviewed. Data was collected as a check list including demographic information of the deceased, the ward, time of death, the underlying cause and the direct cause. Based on ICD-10 classification, the underlying cause was classified into thirteen categories including infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, immune mechanism, endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic diseases, nervous system diseases, Circulatory system diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, diseases of the skin and underlying tissues, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, genitourinary diseases, diseased caused by injuries, poisoning and other external consequences (injuries and poisoning). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics tests. Results and Conclusion: In this study, the highest mortality rate has occurred in the age group over 60 years (51.7%) and age range of 41 to 60 year (26.9%), and the most common causes of mortality in these age groups consist of internal system diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system and malignancies. In this study, mortality was more prevalent among men than women, and most deaths have occurred within the 7 am to 19. Overall, the most common causes of death were circulatory system diseases (43.1%), disease caused by injuries, poisoning and external causes (18%), neoplasms (13.07%) and the lowest rate of mortality belonged to diseases of skin and musculoskeletal system (atherosclerosis) and connective tissue (0.1%).

[Ahmad Haghiri Dehbarez^, Fereshteh Jafariyan, hamid nasiri, mehrnaz Haghighi, Mehdi lalehzari, Mirza Ali Nazar Nejad. Annual review of mortality frequency at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar-Abbas. Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):135-139] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.14

Keywords: In-hospital mortality, causes of death, Bandar-Abbas

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Comparing two training methods, traditional CPR skill and distance training at the Red-crescent organization in Hormozgan province

Parvin Rezaei ¹, Ali Safari moradabadi², Hossein Montazerghaem³, Hamid Reza Miri^4*, Abbas Paknahad⁵, Ali Alavi⁶

1- Facualty of education and development center of medical science of Hormozgan, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3- Assisstant professor of Cardiovascular surgery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4- Trauma and emergency medicine Research center, Hormozgan University of medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

5- Hormozgan Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Assisstant professor of Gynecology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

6- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Email: hamidreza.miri58@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: On-going relief skills training in Red-crescent organization are inevitable and crucial, but Geographical dispersion of relief bases and wide range of the staff deemed to be the reasons of the lack of the rescuers simultaneous access to educational classes. Hence, the present study was done with the aim of finding the suitable method for training rescuing skills at the Red-crescent organization in Hormozgan province. Methods: The present experimental study included 84 high school students who were new volunteers to work at the Red-crescent organization. The samples were taken with the method of cluster and random samplings, which classified into the two groups of 42 individuals. The two groups were trained with two different methods at the same time and separately, answering the questions of knowledge assessment before and after training. Finally the rates of their skills were assessed using models and checklists of performance assessment. The data were given to SPSS16 statistical software and analyzed through descriptive and analytical methods of statistics. Results: The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the total questions regarding knowledge assessment for both group before and after training. Also the results indicated that, after the training, the number of correct answers to knowledge assessment questions were significantly more rather than those prior to training period (P-value > 0.05). Also out of 10 indices of performance assessment checklist, 7 indices indicate the percentage of correct performance of experimental group (distance training) is significantly more than that of subject group (traditional training) (P-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of the performance of the experimental group was considerably better than that of the traditional group, and comparing the range of the knowledge of both groups no significant difference is revealed. Therefore, the officials of Red-crescent organization need to make more attempts in planning more distance training classes at this organization. [Parvin Rezaei, Ali Safari moradabadi, Hossein Montazerghaem, Hamid Reza Miri, Abbas Paknahad, Ali Alavi. Comparing two training methods, traditional CPR skill and distance training at the Red-crescent organization in Hormozgan province. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):140-145] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.15

Key words: Traditional training, Distance training, CPR, Skill, Rescuer, Red-crescent organization

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Sensation Seeking and Stress. Is There a Relation?

Iman Ghasemzadeh¹, Mahin Askari², Ali Akbar Hesam³, Javad Golmirzaee², Mehdi Bayati⁴, Ali Safari Moradabadi⁴, Hamid Haghighi⁵, Kolsum Adalatpanah⁶, Sakineh Fallahi^6*

1- Research center for Infectious and Tropical Disease, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2- Assisstant professor of clinical psychology, Reserch center of Behavioral and Neuro Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3- MSc student in clinical psychology, Department of clinical psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

5- Master of Family Counseling, Counselor of Counseling and Psychological Services Center of Education Department of Hormozgan, Iran.

6- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Email: Sakineh.fallahi@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Sensation seeking is used to describe general features including high risk behaviors and inability to tolerate boredom. This study was conducted to investigate the relations between sensation seeking and stress among students of Bandar Abbas. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 400 students who had all the enrollment criteria were chosen by cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study showed that the mean excitement score was 16.66 ± 3.39 and with a maximum score of 27 and a minimum score of 8. Also, the mean score of experiment seeking was 7.70 ± 1.86 with a maximum score of 13 and a minimum score of 3. The mean score of tolerance towards boredom was 2.22 ± 1.3 with a maximum score of 9 and a minimum of 0. The mean score of escape inhibition was 1.34 ± 0.226 (max: 2, min:0). Among all the participants, 35.3% had a moderate sensation seeking and above, and 71% had moderate stress. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, sensation seeking had no significant associations with stress.

[Iman Ghasemzadeh, Mahin Askari, Ali Akbar Hesam, Javad Golmirzaee,Mehdi Bayati, Ali Safari Moradabadi, Hamid Haghighi, Kolsum Adalatpanah,Sakineh Fallahi. Sensation Seeking and Stress. Is There a Relation? Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):146-148] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.16

Keywords: Sensation seeking, Excitement, Stress

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Determining the Level of Test Anxiety and Some of Its Contributing Factors among the Freshmen Students

Hamid Reza Miri¹, Afsoon Piroozan², Ali akbar Hesam^{3, 4}, Nadereh Naderi^5,6, Parvin Rezaei ^7*

1- Trauma and emergency medicine Research center, Hormozgan University of medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3- MSc student in clinical psychology, Department of clinical psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4- Student Research Committee, Department of Research and Technology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

5- Immunology Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

6- Molecular Medicine Research Center,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

7- Faculty of education development center of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran.

E-mail: p.rezai1@gmail.com

Abstract: Test anxiety is considered one of the most important factors in every educational system that affects educational performance and achievement. Due to its significant role in learning, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with an intention to determine the level of test anxiety and its influencing factors among the freshmen students at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, 310 freshmen students were selected randomly who filled out a questionnaire about their demographic information in the first section and Sarason Scale in the second section. The data was analyzed using SPSS program version 16 and statistical tests such as Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruscal Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results detected that the mean score for test anxiety was 13± 6.06, representing that 47.85 of students suffered from low level of test anxiety, 40.3 from moderate level and 11.95 from severe level. The findings also indicated that the level of test anxiety had a significant correlation with sex and age, but no significant relationship with marital status, parents’ job and parents’ level of education. Considering all that, by effective planning and psychological interventions, negative effects of test anxiety on educational performance could be eliminated.

[Hamid Reza Miri, Afsoon Piroozan, Ali akbar Hesam, Nadereh Naderi, Parvin Rezaei. Determining the Level of Test Anxiety and Some of Its Contributing Factors among the Freshmen Students. Life Sci J 2013; 10(9s):149-155] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.17

Key words Test anxiety, freshmen students, medical students

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Comparing the Effects of Traditional and Combined Teaching Methods on Nursing Students’ Learning Skills of Wound Care

Marlin Ardalan¹*, Muhammad Saleh Vahedi², Ghader Salehnejad³

*¹Faculty Members, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

² Faculty Members, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

³Faculty Members, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Marlinardalan2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Learning practical skills especially in fields of medical science is significantly important. There are controversies over the effectiveness of teaching methods, though. It is believed that some of these teaching methods cause learning to speed up, facilitate, and cost less. Therefore, the present study is aimed at comparing the effects of traditional and combined teaching methods on freshman nursing students’ learning skills of wound care in academic year of 2009-2010. Materials and Methods: The present experimental study was consisted of 42 nursing students admitted to university in 2009-2010. They were randomized (every other student) into two groups, first- and second-half year students, by the education head office. Combined and traditional teaching methods were respectively utilized to teach the experimental and control groups skills of wound care. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire and a bandage skill checklist. Cognitive domain and psychomotor effects were statistically analyzed through a multiple-choice test and OSCE, respectively. Findings: Statistical results proved a significant difference between the experimental group and the control one regarding their cognitive skill (Chi-square with p<0.05 and t=3.14) and psychomotor skill (p<0.05 and t=5.23). Conclusion: Compared to traditional method, combined teaching method has greater effect on practical bandage skill especially in psychomotor domain. Therefore, it is highly recommended that this method of teaching should be used for other skills, in other majors, and at other universities of the country.

[Marlin Ardalan, Muhammad Saleh Vahedi, Ghader Salehnejad. Comparing the Effects of Traditional and Combined Teaching Methods on Nursing Students’ Learning Skills of Wound Care. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):156-159] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.18

Keywords: training; combined (display and film); learning

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Regulation of Circadian Rhythm of Glycemic Reaction on Background of Physical and Glucose Loading

F. A. Aliyeva¹, A .G. Aliyev¹, A. Arasteh²

^1. Chair of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.

^2, Depatment of Physiology, Maragheh Branch, islamik Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

Corresponding author. E-mail: aliyeva_6395@gmail.com

Abstract: The review considers modern concept on role of physiological and biochemical properties of epiphysis and suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalamus in neuro-endocrine regulation of circadian rhythm of glycemic reactions and other functions of organism. Both in norm, and on background of glucose loading, short-term or long-term physical loading the level of glycemic reaction of circadian rhythm in the morning time (08.00-12.00 A.M.) is relatively minimal in comparison to afternoon and evening hours, while this value in the afternoon time (01.00-05.00 P.M.) is maxi­mal relatively to the morning and evening time and this value in the evening time comes close to the original level. It was revealed that under glucose loading in the one-month-, three-month-, six-month- and one-year-old animals, levels of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm upregulated accordingly to their original levels in the morning, afternoon and evening time. Particularly, after glucose loading level of glycemic reactions upregulated more sharply in the morning time at 08.00-10.00 A.M., in the afternoon at 01.00-03.00 P.M. and in the evening at 06.00-07.00 P.M. Towards 12.00 A.M., 05.00 P.M. and 10.00 P.M. the level of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm downregulated and returns to the original level. Relatively to the normal values the level of glycemic reactions of circadian rhythm in the morning, afternoon and evening upregulated after short-term physical loading, whereas it downregulated after long-term physical loading. Upregulation and downregulation of glucose level in the blood under short-term and long-term physical loading on background of glucose loading throughout the day are related to upregulation and downregulation of epiphyseal hormone melatonin.

[Aliyeva F. A, Aliyev A .G., Arasteh A. Regulation of Circadian Rhythm of Glycemic Reaction on Background of Physical and Glucose Loading. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):160-166] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.19

Keywords: glucose loading; physical loading; glycometer; hyperglycemia; hypo­glycemia; circadian rhythm; glycemic reaction; epithalamo; hypothalamo; hypo­physeal; adrenal system.

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A Three-Step Family Of Iterative Methods With Optimal Eighth Order Of Convergence

Nusrat Yasmin, Raja Sikander Mehmood, Saima Akram

Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied, Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan PAKISTAN

 nusyasmin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct iterative methods to solve non-linear equation with high efficiency index. We proposed a family of iterative methods of optimal order of convergence eight for solving nonlinear equation, where  is a real valued nonlinear function. It is based on Noor M.A. et al. algorithm [6] and weight function approach. To support the new findings, analysis of convergence and efficiency index are studied. Per iteration these families of methods require three functional evaluations and one evaluation of its derivative, so the method is optimal according to Kung-Traub conjecture [3] which states that an optimal iterative method based on  evaluations could achieve a maximum convergence order of. The efficiency index of the new eighth order method is 1.682. Several numerical tests show that the proposed methods are more efficient and perform better than classical Newton’s method, Noor M.A. et al. method [6] and some other existing method [5],[7].

[Nusrat Yasmin, Raja Sikander Mehmood, Saima Akram. A Three-Step Family Of Iterative Methods With Optimal Eighth Order Of Convergence. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):167-172] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.20

Keywords: nonlinear equations, iterative methods, Newton's method, weight function, divided difference, optimal order of convergence.

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Designing and implementing the test Objective Structured Field Examination (OSFE) for improving assessment of internship course of anesthesia students

Mohammad Reza Afhami

Medical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz-Iran

Afhamy_Dr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: One of the main subjects of training and assessing medical science students is to promote their knowledge, attitude, and skills as is too accurately and correctly assess them. Scientific evidence shows that theoretical assessment of students through written and oral exams cannot suffice to determine their skill performance and competence, making it necessary to find a new method. Therefore, we decided to examine internship course in anesthesia through an objective structured field examination (OSFE). The goal was to test clinical skill performance and competence of anesthesia students based on the same criteria, namely, by an instructor’s observation of the student’s skills and assessment based on pre-designed checklists. Materials and methods: This study enrolled 25 anesthesia students who had completed internship course in the form of a final exam at the Nikookari Teaching Hospital in Tabriz - Iran based on using OSFE method. In this study, data collection tool was skill assessment checklists for skills including identifying the patient and controlling their files, preparing the required equipment for anesthesia, intravenous cannulation, maintenance of anesthesia, endotracheal extubation, recovery room care and patient’s discharge from recovery room. By scoring each procedure, the results of the checklists were evaluated and analyzed through qualitative statistical methods. Results: In this study, the mean of the final score was 16.27±1.41, and that of the following skills was 18.46±1.3 for identifying the patient and controlling their files, 16.67±1.4, preparing the equipment for anesthesia, 17.34±1.8, endotracheal extubation, 16.00±2, maintenance of anesthesia, 17.72±1.2, recovery room care, and 14.00±1.1 for patient’s discharge from recovery room. The university examiner for training program approved the examination as excellent. Moreover, the students were content with this assessment method and assess it as excellent with the mean of 72.43±10.18. Conclusion: This examination improved assessment methods of skill performance and competence of anesthesia students by means of the same criteria. We suggest that the above-mentioned method, which is a revised version of OSFE be implemented in other fields of medical sciences.

[Afhami MR. Designing and implementing the test Objective Structured Field Examination (OSFE) for improving assessment of internship course of anesthesia students. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):173-176] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.21

Keywords: Internship Course, Anesthesia Students, Objective Structured Field Examination

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A Study on International Tourist’s Satisfaction with Tourism Services in Kerala

Bindu. T ¹, Dr. C. Kanagaraj ²

1 Department of Management, Happy Valley Business School, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

2 Department of Management, Happy Valley Business School, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

bindu_kk@yahoo.com, rajkenny@hvbs.com

Abstract: In the tourism industry quality issues are of prime importance in an increasingly competitive and saturated market. High standards of tourism services has become an important parameter for those choosing a holiday destination. The 6 S framework outlined in india’s National tourism Policy namely swagat (hospitality), soochna (information), suvidha (facilitation), suraksha (security/protection), sahyog (cooperation) and sanrachna (infrastructure development) are the key factors which was used to assess the perceptions of service from the perspective of 513 International tourists in Kerala. The paper aims at analyzing the gap between expectation and experience, effect of demographics and certain tourism service parameters on overall satisfaction with a destination. Paired T test, Anova and Regression analysis was employed for this purpose. The findings have strategic implications for the marketers of services in kerala to improve crucial quality attributes and improve the perception of brand Kerala.

[Bindu. T, C. Kanagaraj. A Study on International Tourist’s Satisfaction with Tourism Services in Kerala. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):177-185] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.22

Key words: Kerala tourism, 6 S framework, ANOVA, Paired T Test, Regression.

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Chaotic Signal Generation and Trapping Using an Optical Transmission Link

Iraj Sadegh Amiri*¹, Ali Nikoukar², Toni Anwar², Jalil Ali¹

 ¹ Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

² Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

isafiz@yahoo.com

Abstract: Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA ring resonator system. The research uses microring resonator (MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients (), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ₀=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n₂=1.3×10⁻¹⁷ m² W⁻¹. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.

[Amiri IS, Nikoukar A, Anwar T, Ali J. Chaotic Signal Generation and Trapping Using an Optical Transmission Link. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):186-192] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.23

Keyword: PANDA ring resonator; Chaotic Signals generation; Trapping; Pico and Femtometer soliton

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To the question of professional competence of the future teacher of chemistry

Gulzhan Zholaushievna Niyazova, Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev, Rabiga Esimovna Pralieva, Dinara Kadirkhanovna Berdi and Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova

Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, B. Momyshuly Street, 65, 161 400, Kentau,

Kazakhstan

ngulzhan00@mail.ru

Abstract: Distinctive for our time changes in the nature of education in its focus, aims, content - is increasingly orientating it on the «free development of man», the creative initiative and independence of the trainees, competitiveness, mobility of the future specialists. The developed technology of formation of professional competence of students of the specialty 5B011200-Chemistry based on use of interactive educational technologies is a set of methods and techniques that provide the most effective mastering of educational material in simulated conditions of professional activity. In this case provided interdisciplinary links and continuity in the continuous vocational training during the whole period of study, and the content of interactive learning is based on the principle of modularity, which allows to build a logically completed and independent units in accordance with the set educational objectives, that allows to combine traditional methods of teaching and modern educational technologies, that provide high level of professional knowledge. At the same time respecting the basic principles of didactics, creates a comfortable psychological environment and an individual approach to each student.

[Niyazova G.Z., Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev K.M., Rabiga Esimovna Pralieva R.S., Dinara Kadirkhanovna Berdi D.K., Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova A.K. To the question of professional competence of the future teacher of chemistry. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):193-197] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.24

Keywords: competence approach, pedagogical conditions, professional competence, methods of training.

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The formation of information competence of future specialists – as a factor of improvement of quality of preparation

Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev, Gulzhan Zholaushievna Niyazova, Botagoz Talgatovna Kerimbaeva, Dinara Kadirkhanovna Berdi and Dilyara Zhuasbekovna Ernazarova

Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, B. Momyshuly Street, 65, 161 400, Kentau, Kazakhstan

ngulzhan00@mail.ru

Abstract: The formation of information competence of future specialists – as a factor of improvement of quality of preparation. In conditions of reforming of the Kazakh education and accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Bologna process in the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Kh .A. Yassawi for the training of specialists of international level and improve the quality of education the main course is taken on the application of a competence approach in training, because it enhances the practical orientation of education, its pragmatic, subject-professional aspect. Theoretical and practical significance of identified and justified set of organizational-pedagogical, psychological and pedagogical conditions conducive to the efficiency of development of information competence of future specialists of technology; and validates the components of informational competence in the process of professional-pedagogical training of future specialists and developed the system of exercises and activities designed for classroom and independent works in communicative nature. The analysis of the research showed the effectiveness and necessity of application of information technologies in formation of information competence of future specialists of technology in the educational process for the solution of educational tasks, and creating specialist with creative thinking, capable to function effectively in the changing conditions of professional activity. This article discusses the dynamics of the formation of information competencies, its structure, levels, stages and methods.

[Berkimbaev K.M., Niyazova G.Z., Kerimbaeva B.T., Berdi D.K.., Ernazarova D.Z. The formation of information competence of future specialists – as a factor of improvement of quality of preparation. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):198-202] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.25

Keywords: competence approach, pedagogical conditions, information competence, methods of training.

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Approximate evaluation of the reliability of CDN on the derivation of excess water from irrigated lands

Asaf Haji Hajiyev and Yasin Ismail Rustamov

Azerbaijan Hydrotechnic and Melioration Scientific Production Union, I. Dadashov street 70a, Az1130 Baku city, Azerbaijan

terlan56@inbox.ru

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the approximate evaluation of the reliability of collector - drainage network on the derivation of excess drainage water from irrigated lands. According to the reliability theory, it was found out that in the first years of network operation its reliability was low. As indicated in the project, in order to get the distance between the drains to be, in terms of remaining the other parameters unchanged, average supply intensity must be . In this case, it is impossible to reduce the level of ground waters to the crisis depth by the drainage network within the required period. In other words, the effectiveness of the existing network is low. This is for the reasons, such as the level of ground waters rises in planting areas and as the result, salination and marshes and etc. complications occur, production of goods decreases. Increase of the distance between regulatory drains raises the probability of humidity of the land. And the decrease of the distance between the drains reduces the risk of marshy lands. Increasing the probability of high production, leads to increase in the initial cost of regulatory network per unit area. In other words, increasing the reliability of CDN is not only technical, but also an economic matter. If bringing the reliability of the system to the required level requires too much expenditure, this expense will proof itself and lead to the income on the next stages. However, raising the reliability of the system to the certain limit is significant in an economic sense, which is called the reliability rate. Selection of the distance between the drains in the studied problem as corresponds to the reliability rate. This was due to the fact that while designing CDS the load on the drainage network was too low, as the result of which the distance between the drains increased up to 200 m. In fact, an optimal distance between the drains in this area varies from 150,4 to 156m and reliability increased to 0,94, above the standard. The paper also suggests the ways of drawing the water balance to determine the intensity of the drainag power accurately

[Hajiyev A.H., Rustamov Y.I. Approximate evaluation of the reliability of CDN on the derivation of excess water from irrigated lands. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):203-208] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.26

Keywords: collector, drainage, efficiency, reliability, probability, irrigation rate, supply intensity.

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Identification and prioritizing the effective factors on addiction by use of Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP)

Dr. Moslem Lari Najafi ¹, Maryam Nasiri ²

^1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

^2. Faculty of agriculture, Kerman University of Bahonar, Kerman, Iran

Abstract: The present research aims to prioritizing the effective psychological factors on addiction and development of a model for rating the psychological factors and their indexes. In terms of purpose, it is a practical study and in terms of procedures it is a descriptive-analytical research. Also, since it examines a group of effective factors on addition (psychological) it is a case study. To do the study, different evaluation models of strategic program like Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process ( FAHP) was used. To collect the data, the library studies methods by use of documents were adapted. In the first step, the psychological factors influential on addiction were extracted from library sources and after some interview with experts were examined. In the second stage, the evaluated factors were prioritized through survey and interview by use of analytical hierarch process based on the research hypotheses. The final conclusion is, thus, to rate the psychological factors influential on addition, personality factors, mental disorders, sense of experience and affective deficiencies ( same rank) and having positive attitude towards drugs.

[Moslem Lari Najafi, Maryam Nasiri. Identification and prioritizing the effective factors on addiction by use of Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP). Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):209-215] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.27

Keywords: addiction, psychological factors, F-AHP

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Evolution And Future Implications Of Intellectual Property Rights On Indian Pharmaceutical Market

Dr. R. Karuppasamy

Director/MBA, SNS College of Engineering & Bindusha HC,

Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College

Abstract: India has been an incredible nation with an unexpected growth in pharmaceutical industry after its change of policy in 1970. It is often said that remarkable growth of pharmaceutical exports is a result of confidence built up in industry due to the progressive adherence to IP commitments. However, the statistic shows that it was only after the abolition of product patent protection in 1970 that the export market developed. This article describes the evolution and future implications of intellectual property rights on Indian pharmaceutical market.

[R. Karuppasamy. Evolution And Future Implications Of Intellectual Property Rights On Indian Pharmaceutical Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):216-220] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.28

Keywords: Evolution; Future; Implication; Intellectual Property Right; Pharmaceutical Market

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A Studyon Roleof Employee Loyaltyin Quality Serviceof Equipment Rental Business

Karuppasamy Ramanathan¹, Shanmuga Sundaram Senthil ²

^1.Department of Management sciences, Nehru Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India

^2.PhdResearch Scholar, Faculty of Management Sciences, Anna University, Chennai, India

shansenthilphd@yahoo.com, careerpluss@yahoo.com

Abstract: With the influx of economic development, industrial revolution and increased technology support in India, the employees in equipment rental business facing severe loyalty issues while offering their service. Employee loyalty paves the way for the entire organizational development. Happy and loyal employees make happy of their all stakeholders including employer. The purpose of this study was to explore the different facets of employee loyalty in equipment rental business. In addition to that this study had been undertaken to scrutinize what were the most essential factors influencing on loyalty of employees. This study had been conducted in South Indian states with 100 samples; the data collection was done through the disbursement of questionnaire. The questionnaire has four sections seeking information about personal profile, influencing factors, strategies to improve employee loyalty and prevailing loyalty measures. Percentage analysis, factor analysis, multiple linear regression, chi-square test are adopted to analyze the data collected. The findings of the study suggested that equipment rental business should pay more attention to improve employee loyalty in personal benefits, work environment, leadership style and so on.

[Karuppasamy Ramanathan, ShanmugaSundaram Senthil. A Study on Role of Employee Loyalty in Quality Service of Equipment Rental Business Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):221-229](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.29

Key words: Employee Loyalty, Quality Service, Equipment Rental Business, Organization Culture, Leadership Style

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Iron Chelating potential of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla on Thalassemic Serums in Vitro model.

Ali Mirzaei¹, Narges Nikpay Hossein abad², Mojtaba Abbasi³, Reza Ghafarian Shirazi⁴, Nooshin Mirzaei ¹*

¹Medicinal plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.

²Student committee research center,Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

³Veterinary Department, Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahrkord branch, Iran.

⁴Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.

*Corresponding Author: nooshin.mirzaee@yahoo.com

Abstract: Iron overload in β- Thalassemia major induced mostly by regular blood transfusions.The in vitro study was designated for Iron chelation and antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla plant extracts in thalassemic and healthy serums. Materials and Methods: Iron chelation, antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoids contents of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla plant extracts were determined. For in vitro study of iron chelating, plant, extracts were exposed with serum thalassemic for 2h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) in red blood cells were determined. Serum iron before and post expose with plant extracts was determined. Results: There was significant increase in iron concentration in β -thalassaemia major compare to control serums. Iron level in thalassemic and control serums were reported 178 ±8.2 and 89 ± 12 respectively. Iron concentration in thalassemic serums after exposed with Z.multiflora and M. chamomilla extracts in 2 hour incubation at in vitro state were decreased 27 and 33 % respectively. However, iron content in serum controls after expose with Z. multiflora and M. chamomilla extracts were decreased 16.8% and 23.6 % respectively. Conclusion: MDA and iron in blood serum and SOD in erythrocyte of thalassemic samples was significantly higher than healthy persons. However serum vitamin E was lower than healthy person.

[Ali Mirzaei, Narges Nikpay Hossein abad, Mojtaba Abbasi, Reza Ghafarian Shirazi, Nooshin Mirzaei. Iron Chelating potential of Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla on Thalassemic Serums in Vitro model. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):230-235](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.30

Key words: β- Thalassemia major,iron chelating, Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla

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A Study on Safety Audit System in Indian Engineering Industries

Dr. P. Sivaprakash ¹, Dr. R. K. Elangovan ², L. M. Karthikeyan ³, Sebastian Joseph ³

^1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore - 641105, India

^2. Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India, Chennai - 600113, India

^3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641021, India

drpsivaprakash@yahoo.in

Abstract: Safety audit system is an important tool for identifying and assessing the status of existing occupational safety and health management system in an industry. It is carried out by qualified occupational safety and health professionals or safety auditors. A report of the safety audit is prepared by the audit team bringing out the strength and weaknesses of the occupational safety and health system of the industry along with recommendations for improvements. This paper deals with safety audit system in Indian Engineering Industries and various aspects of safety audit systems.

[Sivaprakash P, Elangovan R.K, Karthikeyan.L M, Sebastian joseph. A Study on Safety Audit System in Indian Engineering Industries. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):236-240] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.31

Keywords: Safety; Hazards; Standards; OHS

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Studies on Design of Comfortable Work Station for Doctors

Dr. P.K. Jayadev ¹, Dr. P. Sivaprakash ², Seastian joseph ³, L.M. Karthikeyan ³, V. Satheeswaran ³

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem.

² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore.

drpsivaprakash@yahoo.in

Abstract: Ergonomics plays a vital role in solving the problem of injury caused due to uncomfortable workstation of doctor’s since unlike other professionals and workman, doctors work in a different environment and atmosphere where there is no time constraint and so they are prone to fatigue and MSDs and other injuries due to their hectic schedule. In this design work, a study was conducted on the working environment of doctors in a clinic and the factors that causes stress, strain and musculoskeletal disorders in doctors due to poor ergonomic setups has been identified. Based on the studies, the working environment in a clinic is enhanced using ergonomic redesigning.

[Jajadev P K, Sivaprakash P, Sebastian joseph, Karthikeyan L M, Satheeswaran V. Studies on Design of Comfortable Work Station for Doctors. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):241-244] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.32

Keywords: Doctors; Ergonomics; Musculoskeletal disorder.

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103 case to case compare of Core Needle biopsy results with open biopsy one in skeletal tumor

Mohammad Gharehdaghi¹, Alireza Khooei ², Ali Moradi³, Hasan Rahimi Shoorin¹, Amir Reza kachooei³, Parham Seyf⁴, Hengameh Ebrahimi⁵, Soheil Sabzevari⁶, Saeid Ganji⁷,Nima Ghaboulian⁷, Salman Ziaei⁷, Maryam Asadian⁸

^1. Associate-professor of Orthopedic surgery, Orthopedic and trauma Research Center, Emam-Reza Hospital, Ahmad-Abad Street, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^2. Associate-professor of Pathology

^3. Assistant-professor of Orthopedic surgery, Orthopedic and trauma Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Ahmad-Abad Street, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^4. Orthopedic Resident, Orthopedic and Trauma Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^5. Assistant-Professor of Educational Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^6. Orthopedic Surgeon, Member of Iranian Orthopedic Association

^7.General practitioner, Mashhad, Iran

^8.General Physician, Orthopaedics division, Emam-Reza Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

moradial@mums.ac.ir

Abstract: We compared Core Needle biopsy results with open biopsy one in skeletal tumors to assess related factors that affect core needle biopsy accuracy. Between 2008 and 2011, 103 patients (54 males and 44 females) with skeletal lesions with an average age of 33 years (ranging between 6 to 74) were performed biopsies. Initially needle biopsy was performed, followed by an open biopsy in the same anesthetic procedure. Two pathologists, with experience in musculoskeletal lesions, examined the specimens. The needle biopsies were reported as definitive diagnosis, suspicious for malignancy, indefinite diagnosis and inadequate specimens. The histological results of open biopsies were used as the reference standard. In our study, the diagnostic sensitivity for conventional open biopsy was 100%. The diagnostic sensitivity of core needle biopsy in diagnosis of malignancy and tumor typing were 93.2 % (96 of 103) and 77.6% (80 out of 103) respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of Core Needle Biopsies is 64.4 % (26 out of 38), 83% (54 of 65) and 100% (10 out of 10) for benign tumors, malignant tumors and metastatic tumors respectively. Needle biopsy is suggested an appropriate and effective alternative to open biopsy for diagnosis of skeletal tumors. Careful clinical and radiographic evaluation and close cooperation of an orthopedic surgeon, a radiologist and a pathologist would improve the outcome.

[Gharehdaghi M, Khooei A, Moradi A, Rahimi SH, Kachooei AR, Seyf P, Ebrahimi H, Sabzevari S, Ganji S, Ghaboulian N, Ziaei S, Asadian M. 103 case to case compare of Core Needle biopsy results with open biopsy one in skeletal tumor. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):245-250] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.33

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest

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A new computational technique for Sumudu transforms based on Adomian decomposition method

M. A. Rana

Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University, Sector I-14, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

mafzalrana@gmail.com

Abstract: In this work, Adomian decomposition method is proposed to develop a new computational technique for Sumudu transforms. The proposed method, in contrast of usual method which needs integration, requires simple differentiation. The results reveal that the method is very effective and simple.

[M. A. Rana. A new computational technique for Sumudu transforms based on Adomian decomposition method. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):251-255] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.34

Keywords: Adomian decomposition method; Laplace transform; Sumudu transform; Analytical methods; Computational techniques; Differential equations

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[Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):256-265] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

Wiithdrawn

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Evaluation of the improvement of the clinical symptoms and spirometric indices in asthmatic patients having different treatments

Mohamadali Saba¹,Mahmoud Dehghani*¹, Gholamabbas Musavi², Maryam Arabi³, Hoda jazayeri⁴

1.Department of Internal Medicine, ShahidBeheshti Hospital of Kashan.Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences

2.Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan, I. R. Iran

3. Department of Radiology, Faculty of medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I. R. Iran

4.Trauma research center, Kashan university of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran

Corresponding author: Mahmoud Dehghani*

E-mail: dr.mahmooddehghani@gmail.com

Abstract: since most of the asthmatic patients do not use the proper medicine to control their persistent symptoms, we decided to accomplish a study to find out the relation between the treatment, clinical symptoms and spirometric indices in asthmatic patients. this study is a cross-sectional study on 150 patients suffering from persistent moderate asthma admitted to naghavi and beheshti hospital. They have less than three attacks weekly. After recording of their clinical symptoms (dyspenea, cough, wheezing and nocturnal) and spirometric indices (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC) twice with intervals of 3-6 months, they were divided into three groups. The first group was treated with salbutamol inhaler, the second with salbutamol and floxitide and the third one withsalmeterol and floxitide. Then all the data was evaluated through SPSS program. the group treated with salmeterol and floxitide inhaler showed the greatest remission in coughing (%80.4), Dyspnea (%77.8), Wheezing (%77.8) and nocturnal symptoms (80%). In comparison to the other groups, the variance was statistically significant. In the study, most variances in FEV1and FEV1/FVC were observed in the receiver group of salbutamol, and most FVC variances were in receiver group of salbutamol-floxitid. Statistically there was no significant variance among the groups. This study showes the most clinical remission in the receiver group of salmeterol and floxitide, and spirometric indices are not sufficient to control the level of patients’ treatment so that clinical symptoms are more valuable.

[Mohamadali Saba, Mahmoud Dehghani, Gholamabbas Musavi, Maryam Arabi, Hoda jazayeri. Evaluation of the improvement of the clinical symptoms and spirometric indices in asthmatic patients having different treatments. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):266-270]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.36

Key words: persistent moderate asthma, bronchodilator, spirometric indices

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Leadership Styles and Practices and their Impact on School Administration: A Case of Primary Schools from Punjab, Pakistan

Ijaz Ahmad Tatlah

PhD Candidate, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, post code; 54600

Director Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

Tatlah333@yahoo.com, ib@ue.edu.pk

Abstract: The study sought to identify the leadership styles and practices of primary school headteachers and their effect on school administration. The study also sought to determine the extent to which teachers were involved in decision-making. The questionnaire instrument was used to collect data. A sample of 175 teachers teaching in the primary schools in Narowal district participated in this research. These were preferred because they were accessible and could provide information on leadership styles and the administrative practices of their school heads. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to teachers in the primary schools only 175 were returned. The statistical package for social surveys (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The research revealed that the democratic leadership style was widely used by primary school heads. Teachers were involved in decision-making but they were not involved in setting the agendas for staff meetings. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should staff develop school heads through workshops on how to conduct staff meetings and apply the participatory approach to decision making.

[Ijaz Ahmad Tatlah. Leadership Styles and Practices and their Impact on School Administration: A Case of Primary Schools from Punjab, Pakistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):271-276]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.37

Keywords: Leadership Styles, Practices, Administration, Decision making.

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Camptomelic Dysplasia in a 38 weeks neonate – A rare case report

Razieh Taghizadeh Sarvestani¹, Asadolah Fatholapour², Alireza Gharib³

¹Resident in Pediatric Medicine, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

²MD, Assistant Prof. of Pediatrics, Pediatric Medicine Department, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

³M.Sc. in Community Health Nursing, Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: gharibalireza@yahoo.com

Abstract:Campomelic dysplasia (CMD) is a rare osteochondrodysplasia with skeletal and nonskeletal defects. This rare autosomal dominant syndrome is caused by heterozygous mutations in the SRY-related gene SOX9 on chromosome 17q causing sex reversal. In most of the cases, death occurs in the neonatal period due to breathing problems related to small chest size. Case presentation: We reported a 38 weeks female neonate with characteristic clinical and radiological findings of camptomelic dysplasia (CMD). The diagnosis was on the basis of clinical and radiological findings as well as inconsistent neonatal karyotype and phenotype. Unfortunately she had respiratory failure and passed away on the second day of her life. Conclusion: Due to high mortality rate of CMD, prenatal diagnosis using transabdominal ultrasonography is indispensable.

[Razieh Taghizadeh Sarvestani, Asadolah Fatholapour, Alireza Gharib. Camptomelic Dysplasia in a 38 weeks neonate – A rare case report. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):277-279] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.38

Key words: Camptomelic Dysplasia, SOX9, Mesomelic Dwarfism, Sex Reversal, Bowing of Long Bones, Camptomelia, eleven pairs of ribs, Mutation.

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Ileocecal tuberculosis as a cause of weight loss (return to an old disease): a case report

Shahla Afrasiabian¹ Alireza Gharib^2*Abbas Ahmadi³ Farshad Sheikhesmaeili ⁴

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

^2*Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

³Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

⁴MD, Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Kurdistan Digestive Research Center, Sanandaj, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: gharibalireza@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ileocecal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon disease. Diagnosis is often delayed or messed up with other disorders like Crohn's disease due to the lack of specific symptoms and laboratory findings. As a result, effective treatment is deferred with ensuing morbidity and mortality. A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to Besat hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. He suffered from mild abdominal pain, weight loss, and low-grade fever and lymphadenopathy (LAP). Antituberculosis medication during hospitalization and after discharge resulted in weight gain and lymphadenopathy improvement. In conclusion, Intestinal TB should always be kept in mind while investigating the conditions such as weight loss, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, perforation, obstruction or bleeding of the intestines, especially in the endemic regions. Here, we present a rare case of Ileocecal tuberculosis (TB) with weight loss.

[Shahla Afrasiabian, Alireza Gharib, Abbas Ahmadi, Farshad Sheikhesmaeili. Ileocecal tuberculosis as a cause of weight loss (return to an old disease): a case report. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):280-283] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.39

Key words: Intestinal Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Abdominal computed tomography (CT), Colonoscopy, Weight loss, Intestinal obstruction.

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Semantic Based Multiple Search Engine with Anti Phishing Technique

Dr. S. Latha Shanmugavadivu ¹, Dr. M. Rajaram ²

^1. Department of ECE, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore - 641656.

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore - 641013.

latha_tce@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: Search engines are computer programs that travel the Web, gather the text of Web pages and make it possible to search for them. Search engines are rugged individualists and none of them index the same Web information, and none of them search the content in the same way. Search engines are the wonder of the Internet. The main purpose of this approach is to develop a search engine based on ontology matching within the Semantic Web. In order to make the Semantic Web work, well-structured data and rules are necessary for agents to roam the Web. Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Resource Description Framework (RDF) are two important approaches used. Technically, in order to be called a Search Engine, a search tool must be made up of three major components the Interface an Index and Crawlers or Spiders. Multi- search enables the user to gather results from its own search index as well as from one or more search engines, metasearch engines, databases or any such kind of information retrieval programs. Multisearch is an emerging feature of automated search and information retrieval systems which combines the capabilities of computer search programs with results classification. The basic idea is reducing the amount of time required to search for resources by improvement of the accuracy and relevance of individual searches as well as the ability to manage the results. The next proposed approach focuses on the Anti-Phishing technique to avoid phishing attacks. In this approach, visual features are evaluated from the computer screen by image processing technicques.

[S. Latha Shanmugavadivu, M. Rajaram. Semantic Based Multiple Search Engine with Anti Phishing Technique. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):284-288] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.40

Keywords: Multisearch engines; XML; resource description framework; ontology; semantic web

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Optimization Technique for Fingerprint Recognition and Matching

Dr. S. Latha Shanmugavadivu ¹, Dr. M. Rajaram ²

^1. Department of ECE, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore - 641656.

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore - 641013.

latha_tce@yahoo.co.in

Abstract: This work investigates the current techniques for fingerprint recognition. This target can be mainly decomposed into image preprocessing, feature extraction and feature match. For each sub-task, some classical and up-to-date methods in literatures are analyzed. Based on the analysis, an integrated solution for fingerprint recognition is developed for demonstration. A novel fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale image. The proposed reconstruction algorithm not only gives the whole fingerprint, but the reconstructed fingerprint contains very few spurious minutiae. Specifically, a fingerprint image is represented as a phase image which consists of the continuous phase and the spiral phase which corresponds to minutiae. An algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the continuous phase from minutiae. The optimization at coding level and algorithm level are proposed to improve the performance of the fingerprint recognition system.

[Latha Shanmugavadivu S, Rajaram M. Optimization Technique for Fingerprint Recognition and Matching. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):289-296] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.41

Keywords: Finger print recognition; continuous phase; minutiae; phase image; grayscale image

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In vitro Cultures for the Production of Some Anticancer Agents (Review Article)

Eman A Alam

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt

eg_flower2011@yahoo.com, good_people2022@yahoo.com

Abstract: Organ, tissue and cell culture and other biotechnological techniques are useful ways to obtain biologically active constituents those play an important roles in our life (They have pharmaceutical, medicinal and economical importance in our life). These ways (in vitro) of obtaining secondary metabolites are better than the classical methods since: They are natural in origin, so they are of little toxic side effects compared with synthetic drugs. They are safe sources and do not cause any environmental pollution as like as those occurred by applications of pesticides and insecticides to farm lands. They are performed under controlled conditions (since the yield can be increased, with increasing replicates number and by using elicitors, fomenters and bioreactors in a large application scale), they are performed under aseptic conditions (This means that, they are system free of contaminating microbes “ fungi and bacteria”, consequently they are clean sources of drugs). Using these techniques we can direct the culture for producing the organ that contains the highest amounts of the needed product (for example, root culture can be produced using Agrobacterium rizogenesis to obtain substances that produced in root cells only). Production cycle is smaller than that of normal culture in land (it takes little time), since callus cultures with short life cycle may be a good source for production of needed phytochemicals. Using these methods we can conserve our natural resources (wild plants) instead of over-collection by herbalists. Finally, the cost can be decreased if done on a large scale (instead of Fedens language “large areas” we use jars in small place = higher productivity of secondary metabolites). This review will discuss with some detailed examples the in vitro production of some anticancer agents.

[Eman A Alam. In vitro Cultures for the Production of Some Anticancer Agents. Life Sci J 2013; 10 (9s):297-310] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.42

Key words: Anticancer - In vitro cultures – Pharmaceutical products- Callus cultures- Cell suspension cultures.

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A survey on diagnostic value of MRI for contralateral breast lesions in women with breast cancer

Ghasem Janbabai¹*, Roohollah Abdi², Hadi Majidi³, Mahdi Zolfaghar khani⁴, Seyyedeh Samaneh Borhani⁵

¹Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, (Corresponding Author).

E-mail: Janbabai@yahoo.com

² Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

³Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

⁴ Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

⁵Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Abstract: Risk of contralateral breast cancer in woman with history of breast cancer is high, and early detection is an important issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate diagnostic value of contralateral breast MRI in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. In this diagnostic study, 150 patients with primary breast cancer referring to Tooba clinic and private clinics were investigated before beginning of chemotherapy. In order to screening of contralateral breast cancer in these patients’ mammography and ultrasonography done, if result of these modality were normal patients underwent breast MRI. After contralateral breast MRI on 150 patients, 10 cases (6.6%) were benign, 4 (2.6%) were highly suggestive of malignancy which eventually were confirmed by biopsy reported by pathologist. Three cases (2%) were suspiciously abnormal and others (88.6%) were negative which had a significant difference (P≤0.05). In our study, MR imaging could detect breast lesions in 90% of patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer not detected by physical examination and contralateral breast mammography. This finding is comparable with previous reports of detecting 30-88% of breast cancers with MR imaging.

[Ghasem Janbabai, Roohollah Abdi, Hadi Majidi, Mahdi Zolfaghar khani, Seyyedeh Samaneh Borhani. A survey on diagnostic value of MRI for contralateral breast lesions in women with breast cancer. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):311-314] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.43

Key words: contralateral breast cancer, breast MRI, X-ray mammography

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An Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Over a Weir-Like Structure With and Without Vegetation

Shahid Ali¹, Usman Ghani², Abid Latif³, Naeem Ijaz², Ghufran Ahmed Pasha⁴

¹Senior Engineer, Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan

^2. Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

³Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UCET, BZU Multan, Pakistan

^4. Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, UET Taxila, Pakistan

usman.ghani@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: The experiments in an open-channel flume with modeled vegetated weir-like structures have been used to understand how the flow is affected by them. Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements of the water flow velocities over trapezoidal vegetated and non-vegetated weir-like structures (dike, groyne) have been made. The measurements extended to a distance of 20 weir heights downstream of the weir crest, it also included the flow separation zone behind the weir crest. The Reynolds’s number was of the order of 10⁴ in the flume, and imperfect flow conditions with Froude number<0.4 above the weir crest were considered. Two discharge values were considered in the experimental work. A comparison between the flow characteristics of vegetated and non vegetated weir-like structure was made. The variables investigated included longitudinal and vertical velocity components. Reynolds shearing stresses have also been investigated. The measured mean and turbulent velocities provided more detailed insight about the flow behind vegetated weirs. Strong vortices and turbulent intensities in region especially downstream of vegetated weir crest showed that the flow in the region near bed (on downstream slope of weir the recirculation zone is the main contributor) and at the top of the modeled vegetation is very unstable and leads to the formation of the coherent structures and it is the area of significant mass and momentum exchange. The results indicated that regaining of the logarithmic velocity profile behind the vegetated weir-like structures are delayed due to the presence of vegetation.

[Shahid Hussain Ali, Usman Ghani, Abid Latif, Naeem Ijaz, Ghufran Ahmed Pasha. An Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Over a Weir-Like Structure With and Without Vegetation. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):315-323] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.44

Keywords: Vegetation; weir; floodplains; Reynolds stresses; longitudinal velocity.

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Feasibility of Online Taxation Using Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model

Amir Parsa Parsaei¹, Ali Adl Tabatabaei², Hafez Nazari³

^{1, 2} Management Department, Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

³ hafez4549@yahoo.com

Abstract: Comparison of national tax performance and fiscal capacity takes special consideration of apparent low tax to GDP rate in the economy. Therefore, beside issues including identifying tax sources, optimal amount of payable tax, eligibility or hit rate tax, compliances and breaks, Ministry of Economy and Finance should devote an important part of national tax system efficiency to conditions and situations in which taxes are paid accurately, fast and with minimum costs per unit of products as well as minimum abuse. The researcher in this study aims to investigate this issue, to analyze causes for non-compliances from taxpayers and finally implement online taxation in Iran. The methodology in this study is correlation based in which the relationship among variables is analyzed based on the study purpose. Considering the study issue, active companies and institutes in productions and services in Jolfa City are study population composed of 450 micro and macro institutes with total 8039 staff of which Because of low facilities and study reasons, 120 companies and institutes (total 1943 staff) are selected by systematic random sampling. In order to collect theoretical basics, laboratory data collection was used while field method and questionnaire were used to collect statistical data for this study. In this study following results were obtained: 1) tendencies of taxpayers to use online method influence on their uses of this method; 2) perceived behavioral controls in taxpayers influence on their tendencies to use online method; 3) taxpayer attitudes to online method influence on their use; and 4) mental norms of taxpayers influence on their tendencies to use the method.

 [Amir Parsa Parsaei, Ali Adl Tabatabaei, Hafez Nazari. Feasibility of Online Taxation Using Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):324-329] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.45

Keywords: Tax, Tax culture, Taxpayers, Online taxation

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Bupropion in Methadone Induced Erectile Dysfunction

Faeze Tatari, MD 1, Jalal Shakeri, MD 2, Vahid Farnia, MD 3^,*, Farid Heidari, MD 4, Mansour Rezaei, MD 5

^1. Assistant professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Psychiatry Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, fztatari@yahoo.com

^2. Associate professor. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Psychiatry Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, JSHAKERI-md@yahoo.com

^3. Assistant professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Psychiatry Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, email: vahidfarnia@yahoo.com

^4. Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, fheidary@kums.ac.ir

^5. Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Rezaei39@yahoo.com

^*Corresponding author: Assistant professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Psychiatry Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Tel: +98-831-826700, Fax: +98- 831-8264163, E-mail: vfarnia@kums.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Use of opioids is associated with hypoactive sexual desire, erectile and orgasmic dysfunction. 16-30% of patients in methadone-maintained Therapy (MMT) may develop erectile dysfunction (ED). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Bupropion (an antidepressant which can improve sexual function) in treatment of Methadone induced sexual dysfunction. Method: Patients recruited from 3 Methadone clinic in Kermanshah underwent a structured clinical interview according to DSM-IV-TR. Erectile function was assessed using erectile dysfunction intensity scale. From the 72 subjects, 67 suffered from ED. The subjects were informed about the study and then, 67 patients voluntarily received 100mg of Bupropion for six weeks. 52 patients who completed the treatment course were assessed by ED questionnaire at the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software. Results: The prevalence of ED was 93.0% in our sample. The mean erectile dysfunction (ED) intensity scale was 12.79, and 15.94 before and after the treatment course respectively (P=0.03). ED severity had no significant relation with age and type of substance dependency (P=0.09); but it had a significant relation with duration and dosage of Methadone therapy (p<0.05). No major side effects were observed in our sample durig treatment course. This trial is registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT138905124501N1; www.irct.ir). Conclusion: We find that Bupropion may be effective in the treatment of methadone induced ED. Further studies with control group and greater sample size are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this medication in Methadone Induced Erectile Dysfunction.

[Faeze Tatari, Jalal Shakeri, Vahid Farnia, Farid Heidari, Mansour Rezaei. Bupropion in Methadone Induced Erectile Dysfunction. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):330-332] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.46

Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, Methadone, Bupropion

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Landslide Stabilization Using Reinforced Earth Technique Case Study: One Sample Of Landslide in Mazandaran, Iran

Reza Rasouli^1,*, Abbas Tahmasebipoor ², Mohammad Hajiamiri³

^1- University lecturer, Department of Civil Eng, Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Iran

^2- M.S. in Civil Eng. -Soil Mechanics and Foundations, Khazar Ab Consulting Engineering Co

^3- University Faculty Member, Department of Mechanic Eng, Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Iran

^*Corresponding author: reza.rasouli255@gmail.com

Abstract: Landslide is one of the natural phenomena that are the cause of high death toll and financial losses in Iran every year. Incidence of destructive landslides in rough country and mountainous areas under the effect of human activities and geological problems is a common phenomenon that causes economic damages to roads, transmission lines, irrigation channels, forests and residential areas. There are many methods to stabilize sliding slope of failure such as modifying slope geometry, biomechanical stabilization, drainage, retaining wall construction and etc. As a result, soil reinforcement method using “Geosynthetics” for stabilization of sliding slope has rarely been investigated. Due to costly and inefficient stabilization methods in some cases as well as availability and low cost of polymer materials (Geosynthetics) for reinforcing, it is necessary to study the stabilization using reinforced earth technique as a new and economic method. This study investigates a stabilization sample of landslides in Mazandaran Province, using reinforced soil system and studies the effect of different soils and reinforcement characteristics on stability of sliding masses. Limit equilibrium and finite element methods beside “GEO-SLOPE” software have been used for analyzing.

[Reza Rasouli, Abbas Tahmasebipoor^, Mohammad Hajiamiri. Landslide Stabilization Using Reinforced Earth Technique Case Study: One Sample Of Landslide in Mazandaran, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):333-343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.47

Keywords: Landslide, Geosynthetics, Finite Element, Limit Equilibrium.

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Effect of Selective Aerobic Training Program on Quality of Life in Male Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Pormenati M¹, Shabkhiz F², Khabiri M³, Rezasoltani N¹

^1- MD. Of Sports Psychology, Physical Education and sports science Faculty, university of Tehran, IRAN

^2-Assistant professor of sports Physiology department in Physical Education and sports science Faculty, university of Tehran, Iran

^3-Professor of Sports management department in Physical Education and sports science Faculty, university of Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system and one of the most important diseases that changes life, especially in passing adolescent to midlife periods. This causes a severe decrease in quality of life of affected patients that will gradually put the person towards disability. This research is aimed to investigate the effects of selective aerobic training program on quality of life in male patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a complementary therapy on quality of life in these individuals. Method: In a semi experimental study, 60 individuals from Iran’s M.S association were availability selected from an elderly and disabled sanatorium in Kahrizak, Iran. Participants were divided into practice and control groups. After familiarizing experimental group with the goals and interventional methods, a selective aerobic exercise program (27 sessions of 60 minutes aerobic exercise during 9 weeks) was carried out while any intervention was not performed on the control group. Information gathering tools included demographic questionnaire, short form of Quality of Life (SF-8) and the self-reported forms. Descriptive statistical tests, ANOVA with repeated measures, and independent sample t test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results of repeated measure variance analysis showed that between subject effects (intervention effect), within subject effects (time effect), and interaction effects (interaction between intervention and time) were significant for physical and quality of Life dimensions, and total score in men with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Conclusion: These results generally indicate that aerobic exercises lead to improved quality of life for people with MS and these effects increase as the time passes. Therefore, this complementary therapy is recommended as an effective and economical method for MS patients.

[Pormenati M, Shabkhiz F, Khabiri M, Rezasoltani N. Effect of Selective Aerobic Training Program on Quality of Life in Male Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):344-351] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.48

Keywords: Selective Aerobic Exercise Program, Life Quality, Multiple Sclerosis

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Correspondence in Translating English Neologisms into Persian: an Example from Children’s Fiction

Maryam Panahi¹(MA), Nematullah Shomoossi²(PhD), Mohsen Samadi³(MA), Seyyed Amir Reza Mohammadian⁴

^1. University of Isfahan, Iran

^2. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^3. Farhangian University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran

^4. PhD Candidate, University of Hyderabad, India

Abstract: As translating for children requires special considerations, and due to the imaginative nature of neologisms in children’s fiction, translation for children is indeed at the center of debates. The Harry Potter series used to capture the bookshelves of almost all children once they appeared in sequence, and they were translated to more than 60 languages. In the Persian community, six simultaneous but different versions appeared, and their dealing with the neologisms in the novel was the focus of this study. In fact, the purpose of the study was to examine the possible correspondence between English neologisms and their Persian equivalents. Surprisingly, it was observed that the neologistic feature of the words was revived in the process of translation only to some extent. The observations indicated that the highest percentage of formal equivalence (direct correspondence) had been achieved in the category of New Collocations (35.93%). However, in the category of New Coinages, Blends and Derivations, the six translators failed to revive the same type of neologism in Persian translation. The article will close with suggesting a number of cautionary guidelines for translators, and proposing a number of common procedures for practitioners, with implications for research and practice.

[Maryam Panahi, Nematullah Shomoossi, Mohsen Samadi, Seyyed Amir Reza Mohammadian. Correspondence in Translating English Neologisms into Persian: an Example from Children’s Fiction. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):352-360] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.49

Keywords: Neologisms; Impossible words; Blends; Coinage; Collocation; Equivalence; Direct Correspondence

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Incidence and screening of breast cancer in Iranian women

Hashemian M1, Ghardashi F*, Asadi Z2, Khosroabadi A. A 3, Pejhan A4, Javan R 5, Nakhaei M R6

1^-Faculty Member, Department of Health education, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran.

2^-PhD student health education and promotion, Tehran University of medical science, Tehran, Iran

3^-Faculty Member, Department of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

^4-cellular and molecular research center, sabzevar, University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

5^-General practitioner. Health center of sabzevar, University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

6^-Psychiatrist and Assistant professor of Sabzevar University of medical sciences

*Corresponding author: Fatemeh Ghardashi, Faculty Member, Department of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar

f.ghardashi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide and in Iran encompasses 32% of cancer diagnoses in women. The aim of this study was to develop the screening methods and determine annual incidence of the disease in one of the north-eastern region of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 160 women, aged over 20, suffering from breast cancer were identified through a census survey conducted by health providers from 1380 to 1389 in Sabzevar, Iran. The data was collected through questionnaire which its validity was assessed by content and face validity and its reliability were supported through a test-retest method and it was completed by interview method. Descriptive statistics was used to develop statistical indices, frequency tables and charts. The results showed that the mortality rate of the disease, in women aged 40-49, had the highest frequency of 30.8%. Among 102 live patients, 82.4% of which was not aware about their disease and unfortunately the cancer was at the invasive stage.84.3% of them hadn’t also undergone a mammography or ultrasound breast examination. It is important to inform women about the importance of mammography or ultrasound breast examination and it is vital to expand the associated facilities and educational programs to prevent and reduce the mortality rate of the disease. 

[Hashemian M, Ghardashi F, Asadi Z, Khosroabadi A. A, Pejhan A Javan R, Nakhaei M. R. Incidence and screening of breast cancer in Iranian women. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):361-366] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.50

Keywords: Breast cancer, Screening, incidence.

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Coaxing, Begging and Pleading for a Response: Reticence among Iranian EFL Students

Zahra Hashemi ¹ (MA), Maryam Hadavi ² (MSc), Nematullah Shomoossi ³(PhD), Mohsen Rezaeian ⁴ (PhD)

^1. Rafsnajan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

E-mail: zhashemi2005@yahoo.com

^2. Deparment of Anesthseioology, Rafsnajan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

^3. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

E-mail: nshomoossi@yahoo.com

^4. Professor of Social Medicine, Rafsnajan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

Abstract: Reticence is a complex multidimensional phenomenon which exists in foreign language classrooms causing a sense of passivity for the students and frustration for the teachers. This paper reports the causes of reticence among EFL students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 190 students were randomly selected (2010) and were studies for their reticence reasons. To measure student's general tendency to avoid spoken communication, the 20-item Unwillingness to Communicate Scale (UCS) was used, which measures two dimensions of reticence: Approach Avoidance (AA) and Reward (R). Using a Likert scale, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS and the results were reported using descriptive statistics. Based on the statistical analyses, we concluded that the participants were aware of the value of oral communication in the classrooms, and those who regarded themselves as more proficient in English were more cooperative and willing to talk and get into discussions in the classrooms. The participants were very reluctant to talk and apprehensive about speaking English in front of other students or teachers.

[Zahra Hashemi, Maryam Hadavi, Nematullah Shomoossi, Mohsen Rezaeian. Coaxing, Begging and Pleading for a Response: Reticence among Iranian EFL Students. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):367-373] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.51

Keywords: Reticence; Apprehension; English as a Foreign Language; Oral Communication; Medical Students

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A Report of Actinomycetoma from Southeastern Iran

M. Ghamgosha1, K. Hassanpour2, Zakaria Bameri3, M. Mellat 4, Gh. Farnoosh5*

^1- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran

^2- Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^3- Tropical Medical Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

^4- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^5- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: rzfarnoosh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection present worldwide, and endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. The infection is caused by the traumatic inoculation of a fungus (eumycetoma) or a bacterium (actinomycetoma). Although several cases have been reported in Iran, this case was the first report in Sistan and Baluchestan Province – southeastern area in Iran. In this report, a 41-year-old man with a history of trauma in his foot followed by diving in a pond around Zahedan, Iran has been presented. Nodular sinus lesions containing pus and granular grains were observed. Actinomycetoma was confirmed by direct examination, culture and biochemical tests. All tests showed the causative agent of mycetoma as Actinomadura Madura.

[M. Ghamgosha, K. Hassanpour, Zakaria Bameri, M. Mellat, Gh. Farnoosh. A Report of Actinomycetoma from Southeastern Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):374-376] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.52

Keywords: Mycetoma; Tropical Infections; Actinomycetoma

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Relationship between Kindergarten Attendance and Cognitive-Motor Development of Preschool Children in Sabzevar City

Ghardashi F¹, Rahnama F^*, Akbarzadeh R², Stagy Z³

1: Faculty Member, Department of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

2: Faculty Member, Department of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

3: Faculty Member, Department of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

* Corresponding author: Rahnama F. Faculty Member, Department of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran

Email: f.ghardashi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Playing is an important part of child’s life and it is through playing that children learn how to draw, develop and eventually grow up. Kindergartens can provide a proper and safe place for children to play and grow up. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive and motor development of children who attend kindergarten with those of other children. Methods: This was an analytic-descriptive study of the total population of preschoolers in Sabzevar. The sample comprised 700 participants who were selected randomly using accessible sampling. The data-gathering methods were observation and measurement. Data gathering methods: After completing a demographic questionnaire, the participants were primarily requested to complete the Goodenough Draw-A-Person (DAP test), followed by jigsaw puzzles, the Fekrobekr test, (a local mind game) beads and threads and balance tests 1 and 2. After completing the tests, the results of the two groups were compared. Results: Out of 680 participants, 375 were boys and 305 were girls. In total, 59.5% of the participants had attended kindergarten before starting preschool at least for one year. In terms of cognitive development, the Goodenough test score did not show any significant difference between the groups (p=0.466), but there were significant differences between those who attended kindergarten and those who did not on the jigsaw puzzle and Fekrobekr tests (P=000.0 and P=0.002, respectively). The groups did not differ significantly in motor development (P=0.988). Conclusion: The results of this study show that children who attended kindergartens did better than other children in cognitive tests but did not differ significantly in motor development.

[Ghardashi F, Rahnama F, Akbarzadeh R, Stagy Z. Relationship between Kindergarten Attendance and Cognitive-Motor Development of Preschool Children in Sabzevar City. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):377-380] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.53

Keywords: Preschool- Cognitive-Motor Development- Children- Kindergarten

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Creating a GIS based data bank of health facilities in Mazandarn province

Samad Rouhani,¹ Sayed Mahbobeh Hosseini,*²

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

samad.rouhani@gmail.com

^2*.GIS Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

mahboobe-hosseiny-86@yahoo.com

Abstract: GIS is a computerized system that relates and displays data collected from a geographic entity in the form of a map. GIS have different functionality hence its possible use in the field of health is quite extensive. Yet in health service plan­ning and provision it remains greatly underused. In phase one of a research project in Iran we have created a GIS based data bank of health facilities in Mazandaran province. A shape file of basic map from the region with 1/25000 scale was used for creating this data bank. In this basic map the roads and name of locations at village level were identified. Therefore in the created bank, the locations of health facilities are spotted at village level. For those rural health facilities that there were not possible to be found in the map or there were any inconsistency in determining their locations as well as for those health facilities and hospitals located at district level, we have used GPS for obtaining the geo-codes of these locations. There were 16 counties in Mazandaran province. Given the list of existing health facilities and obtained secondary data, it was possible to find the location of majority of rural primary health care units in the map but it was not possible for some rural health care unites and all of districts health care units. Using Arc GIS we have been able to create some of the maps that show the location of health facilities and their characteristics. Available secondary data of primary health care facilities at rural area in Iran are useful data that could be used in creating GIS based data bank. Using these data could accelerate the process of creating GIS map with especial saving in time and money. As such mapping system and data bank could be easily upgraded based on routinely collected data, therefore its advantage is quite evident not only in understanding the health issues of a given location but in studying the trend of change during the time. Accordingly health informatics should stop ignoring the use of GIS with its immense potential in improving the health of community through integrating available data and its update.

[Rouhani S, Hosseini SM. Creating a GIS based data bank of health facilities in Mazandaran province. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):381-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.54

Keywords: GIS; data bank; health facilities

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Hierarchical of Fuzzy Expert System for Production Planning, Scheduling and Controlling System in Agile Environment

M. Zeinali ^1*, N. Bozorgi ²

^1. Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Email: Bozorgi.najmeh@gmail.com

^2. Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: zeinali.it@gmail.com

Abstract: Production planning, scheduling and control are forms of decision-making, which play a decisive role in manufacturing as well as in agile production environments. In the current competitive environment, effective planning, scheduling and controlling has become a necessity for survival in the marketplace. In the last decade manufacturing companies decided to adopt intelligent solution, since the traditional manufacturing planning and scheduling mechanisms were found to be insufficiently flexible to respond to changing production styles and highly dynamic variation in production in product requirements. This paper presents a new hierarchical method for Production Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, and developed a Fuzzy Expert System for that based on a M. A. S. Monfared & J. B. Yang (2006) framework. The proposed model was implemented in door and window producer manufacture to illustrate the applicability of the new framework.

[M. Zeinali, N. Bozorgi. Hierarchical of Fuzzy Expert System for Production Planning, Scheduling and Controlling System in Agile Environment. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):387-393] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.55

Keywords: Expert System, Fuzzy Logic, Production Planning, Hierarchical Scheduling

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Selective Compression of Medical Images using Multiple Regions of Interest

Jawad Ali Raja^*, Gulistan Raja and Ahmad Khalil Khan

Department of Electrical Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

*Email: jwd_raja@yahoo.com

Abstract: Efficient compression techniques are essential for archiving and transmission of medical images. In this paper, a selective compression technique that utilizes multiple regions of interest has been described. A medical image is classified into three regions: Primary Region of Interest (PROI), Secondary Region of Interest (SROI) and Background. The region containing diagnostic data is identified as PROI and encoded using lossless compression. The region with significant information is classified as SROI and is encoded with near lossless compression. The remaining area is classified as background region and it is encoded with very high compression ratio. We have employed the selective compression technique for medical images using JPEG-XR. The technique is compared with wavelet based compression technique (JPEG-2000). A number of medical images were compressed using both techniques with multiple regions of interest. The performance of both techniques is evaluated by means of using various image quality metrics like PSNR, SSIM and MSE. The results shows that JPEG-XR performs slightly better than wavelet based compression technique.

[Jawad Ali Raja, Gulistan Raja and Ahmad Khalil Khan. Selective Compression of Medical Images using Multiple Regions of Interest. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):394-397]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.56

Keywords: Medical Imaging, Selective Compression, ROI, JPEG-XR

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Implementation of a Speech Based Interface System for Visually Impaired Persons

Adil Farooq, Ahmad Khalil Khan, Gulistan Raja

Department of Electrical Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan

ahmad.khalil@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: Text to speech system (TTS) has become more popular to visually impaired people to assist them on reading textual information from digital sources and printed resources such as image acquired texts from newspaper and magazines. This paper describes the implementation of a voice based human-computer interface system with a complete text recognition and speech processing capability. A new idea is proposed to assist the visually impaired with heading read and skip concept that allows free maneuvering capability making it much more efficient than the existing readers. The method uses windows text to speech conversion and image recognition (Optical Character Recognition) technique to analyze and extract textual information from digital scanned images. Our research uses an open source engine Asprise OCR for text extraction and is expressed in audible format. The implementation is done in Microsoft visual studio using C sharp. The results show that our system’s response is best for image with dimension 1557x2272 and resolution of 200 dpi in terms of processing speed and correctness. The time utilized from image capture to final speech output was approximately 2.479 seconds.

[Adil Farooq, Ahmad Khalil Khan, Gulistan Raja. Implementation of a Speech Based Interface System for Visually Impaired Persons. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):398-400]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifescience site.com 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.57

Keywords: OCR, TTS, Open source, Speech synthesis

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Free radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activities of citrus fruits derived from induced mutations with gamma irradiation

Min Young Kim

Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea

jeffmkim@jejunu.ac.kr

Abstract: The antioxidant properties of citrus mutant fruits peel and pulp extracts derived from gamma irradiation were determined for free radical scavenging (DPPH, H₂O₂, NO) and ferrous ion chelation inhibition assays. Citrus mutant fruit peels exhibited significantly higher activities on H₂O₂ scavenging and metal chelating activities compared with those of citrus wild-type.

[Min Young Kim. Free radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activities of citrus fruits derived from induced mutations with gamma irradiation. Life Sci J 2013;10(10s):401-403] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.58

Keywords: gamma irradiation; citrus mutants; free radical scavenging activity; ferrous ion chelating activity

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Analysis of bioactive compounds in gamma irradiation-induced citrus mutants

Min Young Kim

Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea

jeffmkim@jejunu.ac.kr

Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on phytochemical components such as phenolics in citrus fruit. A branch of citrus derived from 120 Gy gamma irradiation produced fruit peel and pulp with high contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and pigments. Moreover, all flavonoids (naringin, hesperidine, narirutin and rutin) detected by UPLC analysis demonstrated significant alterations in citrus mutants. These findings suggest that gamma irradiation on citrus may produced mutants enriched in bioactive phenolic compounds.

[Min Young Kim. Analysis of bioactive compounds in gamma irradiation-induced citrus mutants. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):404-408] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1009s13.59

Keywords: gamma irradiation; citrus mutant; bioactive compounds

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