No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

An Investigation of Comorbidity of Schizotypal and Borderline Personality Disorders with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and the Relationship between Their Personality Characteristics and the Severity of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Hossein Dadashzadeh¹, Amineh Alizadeh², Asghar Arfaie³, Fatemeh Ranjbar³

¹ Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz, Iran.

² (Corresponding Author), M. Sc in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: amineh.alizadeh@gmail.com.

³ Associate professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract: Introduction: In the 4^th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders obsessive disorders are classified as a subgroup of anxiety disorders. Magical thinking is the mutual trait between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizotypal personality disorder. On the other hand, magical thinking is recognized as one of the main traits of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given the fact that to date no study has investigated the comorbidity of personality disorder with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its effect(s) on the personality disorders, the present study aims to investigate the comorbidity of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) with OCD and to find out the relationship between them and the severity of OCD. Materials and Method: The current study is of descriptive, cross-sectional type. 140 patients who visited Razi Training and Medication centre and Bozorgmehr clinic in Tabriz were under study for 12 months. The patients afflicted with other mental disorders except SPD and BPD were excluded from the study. The sampling was carried out via convenience sampling method. Clinical interviews were carried out with individuals to diagnose OCD patients. Then, schizotypal personality disorder and BPD patients were diagnosed via structured clinical interviews prepared on the basis of DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria to assess the comorbidity of SPD and BPD with OCD. In the next phase, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire (SSQ) and borderline personality scale (STB) were used. The obtained scores from the questionnaires were recorded to find out the relationship among SPD, BPD and the severity of OCD. Findings: According to the findings of the study the comorbidity of SPD with OCD is estimated at 41.4%, while it is estimated at 18.6% for the comorbidity of BPD with OCD. Furthermore, there is a significant and positive correlation between Yale-Brown, SPD and BPD scores of the patients (r = 0.22, P<0.01). Results: The results of the study show that first; there is a high comorbidity between SPD and OCD. Second, schizotypal and borderline personality traits contribute to the severity of OCD. Third, SPD is an effective predicator of OCD.

[Dadashzadeh, H., Alizadeh, A., Arfaie, A., Ranjbar, F. An Investigation of Comorbidity of Schizotypal and Borderline Personality Disorders with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and the Relationship between Their Personality Characteristics and the Severity of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.01

Keywords: Comorbidity, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.

Full Text

1

2

Defecation Disorders after Surgery for Hirschsprung’s Disease in Children; an Iranian Experience

Saeid Aslanabadi ¹, Davod Badebarin ¹, Masoud Jamshidi ¹, Mahbuba Valinejad ², Kamyar Ghabili ³, Samad EJ Golzari ^4,5, Hadi Mohammad Khanli ⁶, Babak Sabermarouf ⁷

^1. Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^2. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^3. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^4. Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^5. Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^6. Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^7. Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

babak_sm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a congenital disease of the intestinal nervous system characterized by absence of ganglionic cells in distal colon followed by functional obstruction. After corrective surgery, the majority of children with HD develop defecation disorders such as soiling, constipation, fecal incontinence, and/or enterocolitis. The aim of this investigation was to determine the prevalence, diagnoses, therapies, and 6-month clinical outcomes in children with HD after corrective surgery. In this cross-sectional study performed at pediatric surgery ward in Tabriz Children’s Hospital, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of defecation disorders after surgery for HD were studied. First, defecation pattern was determined in 230 HD patients who had undergone surgery within previous ten years. Later, thirty patients with severe defecation disorders were recruited. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were performed. Clinical outcome was evaluated after six months. Defecation pattern was normal in 65% of the patients. In 21% of the cases, defecation disorders were mild and negligible, with no need of treatment. In 13% (30 patients), the pattern was impaired. Soiling, constipation, fecal incontinence and enterocolitis were the postoperative disorders. Of 30 patients with defecation disorders, 18 children (60%) and 12 patients (40%) had undergone multi-stage and TOSEPT surgical procedures, respectively. Defecation disorder was developed in 25.3% and 7.7% of the patients underwent multi-stage and transanal one-stage endorectal pull-through (TOSEPT) surgical procedures, respectively. Twelve patients and 10 children were treated with reoperation and medical therapy, respectively. Clinical outcome was excellent in five patients (16.7%), good in 15 patients (50%), fair in 8 patients (26.7%), and poor in 2 patients (6.6%). In conclusion, majority of the children with HD and postoperative defecation disorders have a favorable long-term clinical outcome when treated with minimally invasive surgical methods such as TOSEPT. Moreover, postoperative defecation disorders can be successfully treated using surgical procedures, medical therapy, as well as teaching both parents and their children.

[Aslanabadi S, Badebarin D, Jamshidi M, Valinejad M, Ghabili K, Golzari SE, Khanli HM, Sabermarouf B. Defecation Disorders after Surgery for Hirschsprung’s Disease in Children; an Iranian Experience. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):8-11] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.02

Keywords: Hirschsprung’s disease; defecation disorder; TOSEPT

Full Text

2

3

Considerations of Electromagnetic Radiation Absorption (ELF and Lower HF Band Frequencies) by Bone marrow

Fariba Jahani Sani ¹, Zahra Emami ^1*, Nassim Hesari ¹, Atefeh Arefi¹

Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University

 Corresponding Author: zahra_sh_emami@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this research work is investigation of the absorption of electromagnetic waves in frequencies of ELF and lower part of HF Band by bone marrow of adult male Wistar rats. The selected frequencies were 100 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 KHz and 1 MHz. For this purpose, rats were divided into three groups: control group, first and second experimental groups. The control groups did not expose to electromagnetic radiation at all. The first experimental group were exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 30 minutes and the second experimental group were exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes. At the end, this three groups were sacrificed and the bone marrow of their femur were removed. The bone marrow mixed with phosphate buffer, then their spectrum were taken in region about 200-800 nm wave length. This research work showed that relative absorption rate of electromagnetic radiation by bone marrow of rats are maximum in frequency of 500 Hz where as there was no absorption in 100 Hz frequency. The cell mutation in this frequency was studied in another paper.

[Fariba Jahani Sani, Zahra Emami, Nassim Hesari, Atefeh Arefi. Considerations of Electromagnetic Radiation Absorption (ELF and Lower HF Band Frequencies) by Bone marrow. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):12-18](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.03

Keywords: Bone marrow, Electromagnetic radiation, Wistar rat, UV-Visible spectroscopy

Full Text

3

4

Lunar Tidal Effect consideration on the Bottom Side of the Ionosphere through the Variation of Critical Frequencies and Height of the E-layer Plasma in Mid-Latitude

A. Rezvanimoghadam[1], Z. Emami[1]*, M. Janserian¹

1Department of Physics,Faculty of Sciences,Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch, Iran

*Corresponding Author: zahra_sh_emami@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ionosphere is a part of the atmosphere which is formed due to solar ultraviolet radiation on the atmosphere. It stretched from high altitudes heights above the earth surface to near the Earth's. It is divided into different layers such as D, E, and F and… due to the ionization rate and the density of electrons and ions and some other factors. Ionosphere is known as an environmental plasma medium. The lunar tide has always been regarded interesting as one of the notable phenomenon in the ionosphere, and significant due to fact that is indicates a close correlation between ionosphere and specifications of the layered shape of the plasma movements. In this study the lunar tide in the E layer of the ionosphere in the mid-latitude, has been determined by the analysis of the foE and hmE parameters in 2009 year, while the selected site is Boulder Colorado. When the moon is experiencing one of its four main phases, the tide goes to its maximum or minimum values. So we study correlation of the height (hmE) and critical frequency (foE) in these days. The investigations revealed that, the correlation coefficient between the hmE and foE varies with the variation of the moon phase, but these variations are the same for each of the moon main phases in different months.

[A. Rezvanimoghadam, Z. Emami, M. Janserian. Lunar Tidal Effect consideration on the Bottom Side of the Ionosphere through the Variation of Critical Frequencies and Height of the E-layer Plasma in Mid-Latitude. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):19-22](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.04

Keywords: plasma, ionosphere, Lunar tide, main phases of the moon, critical frequency (foE)

Full Text

4

5

Vaccination and Immunity Status against Hepatitis B among Students of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2013

Zehni K (MSc)^1*., Rokhzadi M.Z(MSc)²., Mohmodi SH(MSc)²., Ashjardalan A(BS)³

¹Instructor of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

²Instructor of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

³Bachelor of Laboratory Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract: Hepatitis B is a common infection in the world and one of the main health problems in our country. Over 350 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus in the world and are chronic carriers of this infection. Health care workers and medical group students are always at risk of being infected with hepatitis B (HBV). This study was aimed at determining hepatitis B vaccination coverage and HBs antibody level among the students of the nursing and midwifery faculty of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: This analytic–cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 163 third- and fourth-year students of nursing and midwifery faculty. Blood samples were taken from each individual and tested for HBs antibody by Elisa Method. Those who had anti HBs titer >10 ul/ml were considered as positive. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 Software and Chi-Square, Fisher and T-test (p<0/05).Results: The results showed that 30.7 % of the subjects were male and 69.3% were female. And a total number of 115 subjects (72.3%) had completed their vaccination (three dose and more). Moreover, 108 individuals (70%) had regarded (0, 1, 6) standard protocol. Results of also showed that 135 (86%) had protective immunity. The average HBs antibody in subjects was 103.97 ul/ml. There was a significant correlation between HBs Ab level and educational field but there was no significant correlation between HBs Ab level and variables such as sex and regarded 0-1-6 protocol. Conclusion: Medical students are exposed to hepatitis B in work and occupational environment. Therefore, it is suggested that medical group students’ anti HBs level should be measured; and non-immune ones must be revaccinated based on the specified protocol (0-1-6).

[Zehni K., Rokhzadi M.Z., Mohmodi SH., Ashjardalan A. Vaccination and Immunity Status against Hepatitis B among Students of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):23-28](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.05

Keywords: hepatitis B, vaccination, HBs antibody, medical group students

Full Text

5

6

The Relation between Blood Sugar Level and Cholesterol and Triglyceride and some Factors in Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized in Tohid Medical Center of Sanandaj in 2013-2014

Bahram Nik-Khu1, Kian Zobeiry2, Fardin Gharibi3, Mozhdeh Zarei4, Nasrin Aliramaei*5, Fariba Farhadifar6

1. Pathology PhD, Medical Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2. Medical Student. Tehran University of Medical Sciences-Tehran, Iran

3. Ms PH Health Management, Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4. Ms PH Midwifery. Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

5.,* Lecturer, MSc (member of scientific board of faculty nursing and midwifery). Kurdistan University of Medical, Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

6. MD. Associated professor of OBG GYN. social determinant of health research center Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (SDHC-MUK), Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: n_aliramaei@yahoo.com

Abstract: Heart failure is the major health problem in developed countries. Obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and alcohol consumption are the most important causes of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus is also the most common metabolic disorder in endocrine glands which can be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, the present study was aimed at investigating the relation between blood sugar level and cholesterol and triglyceride and some factors in heart failure patients hospitalized in Tohid medical center of Sanandaj in 2013. Method: The research was an analytic-descriptive study conducted on 256 heart failure patients hospitalized in the cardiology ward of Tohid medical center, Sanandaj in 2012-2013. Simple random sampling was utilized. A questionnaire including 7 items about demographic information and 3 questions on the level of cholesterol-triglyceride and blood sugar was applied. Ten hours after the failure and when the patients were hospitalized and fasting, blood sampling was conducted. Blood sugar was considered in form of hypoglycemia FBS<50, normal 50<FBS<110, hyperglycemia FBS>110. Level of blood cholesterol was considered in two normal forms (less than and equal to 200). Hypercholesterolemia was more than 200. And blood triglyceride was considered in two normal forms (less than and equal to 250). And hypertriglyceridemia was more than 250. Descriptive statistics was utilized to describe the collected data and data analysis was conducted through chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR). Findings: Out of 256 studied patients, 195 (76.2%) were male and 61 (23.8%) were female. The patients’ mean age was 62.4 with a standard deviation of 12.92 and age range of 35-87. In this study, there was no significant relation between level of fasting sugar blood and patients’ gender (P=0.45), age group (P=0.21), smoking (P=0.83), record of hyperlipidemia (P=0.32), and record of high blood pressure (P=0.80). However, there was a significant relation between record of diabetes and sugar blood (OR=3.38, CI 95%, 1.50: 7.78). There was also a significant relation between level of cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (OR=2.9, CI 95%, 1.49: 5.70). Discussion: Although diagnosing and treating diseases have experienced a lot of developments, there are still some risk factors such as blood sugar disorder, central obesity, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia which are labeled as metabolic syndromes and related to risk of an increase in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, mean age of the patients was reported to be 62.4 while it is 67 in European countries. A significant relation was observed between level of cholesterol and fasting blood sugar while in other studies it has been reported that impaired glucose tolerance does not increase risk of cerebrovascular cases and coronary artery diseases. There was a significant relation between level of triglyceride and record of high level of blood sugar. Research has showed that blood sugar disorder, regardless of its intensity, increases risk of cardiovascular diseases. Blood sugar and metabolic syndrome are high among Iranians. Therefore, intensive attention needs to be devoted to these factors in health enhancement programs.

[Fariba Farhadifar, Kian Zobeiry, Fardin Gharibi, Mozhdeh Zarei, Nasrin Aliramaei. The Relation between Blood Sugar Level and Cholesterol and Triglyceride and some Factors in Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized in Tohid Medical Center of Sanandaj in 2013-2014.. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):29-35] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.06

Keywords: cholesterol, triglyceride, blood sugar, heart failure.

Full Text

6

7

Studying the relationship between environmental attitude with responsible behaviors towards the environment

Dr. Hossein Banifatemeh¹, Hossein Honarvar^∗2, Dr. Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam ³, Dr. Mohammad Abbaszadeh⁴

¹PhD in Sociology, Professor and faculty member of University of Tabriz

²Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran. I.R OF IRAN

³Assistant Professor, University of Tabriz-Iran; Emaile

⁴Assistant Professor, University of Tabriz-Iran

^∗Corresponding Author: huseyn.hunarvar@gmail.com

Abstract: in contemporary world, the environment issues and its related challenges, especially environmental responsible behavior has attracted the policymakers, sociologists and environmental researchers and managers’ attention. One of the important ways for the risks and natural environment destruction is changing people’s attitude and behaviors. Therefore, environmental attitude is considered as one of the main and influential factors in this case. this research has been done with 400 samples through multi stage cluster sampling method among Tabriz citizens. the results show that there is a correlation among independent variable (ecological word view with dependent variable (environmental behaviors towards the environment). The regression analysis of variables show that emphasize on technology, protection environment by humans, supporting the government policies have the most contribution in making the relationship between these variables.

[Hossein Banifatemeh, Hossein Honarvar, Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam, Mohammad Abbaszadeh. Studying the relationship between environmental attitude with responsible behaviors towards the environment. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):36-42](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.07

Keywords: Ecological Worldview, Environmental Responsible Behaviors, Citizens

Full Text

7

8

Organizational Formality and Its Relation with Empowerment, Innovation and Creativity of the Employees of Education Organization: A Case Study

Vali Samarghani Motlagh¹ and Mohammad Hassani²

¹ (Corresponding Author), M.Sc of Educational Administration, Head of Education in Western Azerbaijan, Urmia, Iran.

E-mail: samarghandimotlagh@gmail.com.

² Associate Professor of Educational Administration, Department of Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Urmia, Iran.

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the relation between organizational formality and employees’ empowerment, innovation and creativity and to investigate the mediator role of empowerment in the relation between organizational formality and innovation and creativity. The statistical population of this research consisted of 186 employees who were selected in random. Some descriptive statistical techniques including Mean, Standard Deviation and Percentage as well as some inferential statistics including Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Multivariate Regression and Partial Correlation were used for data analysis purposes. The obtained results revealed that there is a positive significant relation between organizational formality and employees’ empowerment (r=0.28 and p<0.01) as well as employees’ creativity and innovation (r=0.18 and p<0.05). Also, there is a positive significant relation between empowerment and employees' innovation and creativity (r=0.59 and p<0.01). The results of multivariate regression showed that organizational formality could predict empowerment, innovation and creativity and empowerment itself could predict innovation and creativity. It was also revealed that empowerment and its components play a mediator role in the relation between organizational formality and employees' innovation and creativity. [Vali Samarghani Motlagh and Mohammad Hassani. Organizational Formality and Its Relation with Empowerment, Innovation and Creativity of the Employees of Education Organization: A Case Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):43-49] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.08

Keywords: Organizational Formality, Empowerment, Innovation and Creativity, Education Organization Employees

Full Text

8

9

Targeted Effects of Subsidies on Prices of Selected Commodities

Farshad Nikoubakht 1, Seyedreza Baharisaravi 2

MA. Student at AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

1: Email: Farshadnikoubakht@aut.ac.ir

2: Email: SeyedrezaBaharisaravi@aut.ac.ir

Abstract: Subsidies in recent years as a general and comprehensive due to pressure on government budgets on the one hand and the enjoyment of all households from subsidies on the other hand, forced governments to move toward subsidies targeted to avoid wasting resources and increasing the coverage of government payments,. The issue in Iran in past years been targeted, so that in January 2010 the subsidies that had been sanctioned by the government were to implement. Now, after more than a year of implementation of this Act, be considered to evaluate the effects of its implementation as necessary. The law implementation has different effects, that examine of effects is extensive and time consuming and it is not possible to analysis comprehensively in this report. The present report focuses on the effects of subsidies targeted on prices of selected commodities.

[Farshad Nikoubakht, Seyedreza Baharisaravi. Targeted Effects of Subsidies on Prices of Selected Commodities. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):50-57]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.09

Keywords: market-subsidies -targeted - Selected Commodities

Full Text

9

10

Applying Internal Analysis Data and Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm in Developing a Predicting Pattern of Financial Distress

Zahra Poorzamani

Department of Accounting, Assistant Professor, Central Tehran Banch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,

 E- mail: zahra.poorzamani@yahoo.com

Mostafa Nooreddin

Master of Accounting, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E- mail: Mostafa.noreddin@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bankruptcy is an event with strong impacts on management, shareholders, employees, creditors, customers and other stakeholders, so as bankruptcy challenges the country both socially and economically. The aim of this study is to make a financial distress predicting model for listed companies’ in Tehran stock exchange using financial proportions and artificial intelligent techniques. So financial information relevant to time period 1992 to 2011 is compiled and expected financial proportions’ are extracted and neural network patterns (ANN), principal component analysis combination, and Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm (PCA +NON-LIN) have been compiled to predict the financial distress. Then according to obtained results, these patterns have been compared and the best pattern has been chosen. In accordance with the results, It is distinguished that the neural net work using the information One year before financial distress occurring has more efficiency in predicting the financial distress of the companies rather than the other technique in this research.

[Zahra Poorzamani. Applying Internal Analysis Data and Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm in Developing a Predicting Pattern of Financial Distress. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):58-63] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.10

Key words: Financial Distress, Financial Variables, Non-Linear Genetic Algorithm, Neural Network

Full Text

10

11

Studying the relationship between conditional and unconditional conservatism with Altman's bankruptcy model index evidenced from Iran

Zahra Poorzamani, Neda Anhari

Department of Accounting, Assistant Professor, Central Tehran Banch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 E- mail: zahra.poorzamani@yahoo.com

Master of Accounting, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: N_anhari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Conservatism is one of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. Also regarding the fact that management uses less conservatism approaches strategically, in the present research we will study the relationship between conditional and unconditional conservatism with Altman's bankruptcy model index in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To calculate conditional and unconditional conservatism we have used the models posed by Ball, Shiva Komar, Guili, and Hyne. In the present research 124 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period between 2007 and 2011 were investigated. To test the hypotheses we have used a linear regression model. The research findings showed that there is a meaningless relationship between conditional conservatism and Altman's bankruptcy index but there is a meaningful and negative relationship between unconditional conservatism and Altman's bankruptcy index.

[Zahra Poorzamani, Neda Anhari. Studying the relationship between conditional and unconditional conservatism with Altman's bankruptcy model index evidenced from Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):64-69] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.11

Keywords: conditional and unconditional conservatism, Altman's bankruptcy index

Full Text

11

12

Seeking Parsimony in Bankruptcy Studies Using Redundancy Analysis

Zahra Poorzamani¹, Azita Jahanshad²

Department of Accounting, Assistant Professor, Central Tehran Banch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

 E- mail: zahra.poorzamani@yahoo.com

Department of Accounting, Assistant Professor, Central Tehran Banch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E- mail: az_jahanshad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Despite the long-standing criticism directed towards variable selection in financial distress studies, no research has so far examined the relationship between alternative variable sets used in such studies. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to employ canonical correlation analysis in order to examine the relationships that exist between variable sets employed in four bankruptcy studies and then to illustrate the value of applying the law of parsimony to canonical correlation analysis solutions. The primary purpose of parsimony is that the more parsimonious the solution is, the more replicable the model will be. In this study the goal was achieved by removing the three variables in variable sets employed in selected bankruptcy studies.

[Zahra Poorzamani, Azita Jahanshad. Seeking Parsimony in Bankruptcy Studies Using Redundancy Analysis. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):70-78] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.12

Keywords: financial distress, bankruptcy, canonical correlation analysis, law of parsimony, variable deletion strategy

Full Text

12

13

Effect of chaos theory on Tehran stock exchange index

Nasrollah Amouzesh^*1, Mohsen Ahmadi²

^1. Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

^2. Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

E-mail: e_amouzesh2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Accuracy and adequacy of economical prediction models in the world of business, is strategic and vital. Many economists believe that the linear models are not suitable enough for prediction of price and shares index. Therefore many of the researches are concentrating on the economical time series and their suitable dynamic models. In the present research the whole share price in a 5 years duration from 2008 to 2012 have been chosen as the statistical sample to find out the effect of chaos theory on Tehran stock exchange index. A main hypothesis which has been considered is: the chaos theory has effect on the whole share price index and also 3 secondary hypotheses have been mentioned which are whole shares prices index have non-random structure. Whole share price index have non-linear structure. Whole share price index has chaos structure. For data processing Herest view test has been used and then Liaponof view and coordination is used. Results of the research show that the whole share price index has non-random, non-linear and chaos structure and therefore chaos point of view theory has effect on the whole share price index in Tehran stock exchange.

 [Nasrollah Amouzesh, Mohsen Ahmadi. Effect of chaos theory on Tehran stock exchange index. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):79-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.13

Keywords: economical prediction models, chaos theory, non-random structure, non-linear structure.

Full Text

13

14

Analysis of relation between corporate governance and auditing quality in reduction of earning management in initial release of share in Tehran stock exchange market

Abbas Taleb Beydokhti¹, Nasrollah Amouzesh^*2

^1. Department of Accounting, Science and Research Hormozgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hormozgan, Iran

^*2. Department of Accounting, Gachsaran Branch Islamic Azad University Gachsaran, Iran

E-mail: e_amouzesh2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this research relation between corporate governance and auditing quality on the earning quality in initial release of share in Tehran exchange market will be analyzed. Corporate governance is effective parameters in reduction of earning management. On one side auditing quality also can be effective in the earning management process. In this analysis all companies that had initial release in the country in the year 2002 to 2011 were analyzed. Results of the analysis with the use of regression models show that there isn’t a negative relation between auditing quality and earning management. Considering corporate governance hypothesis the results show that there isn’t a negative relation between auditing committee and non- responsible members of board of directors with earning management.

 [Abbas Taleb Beydokhti, Nasrollah Amouzesh. Analysis of relation between corporate governance and auditing quality in reduction of earning management in initial release of share in Tehran stock exchange market. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):84-87] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.14

Keywords: earning management, corporate governance, auditing quality, audit committee.

Full Text

14

15

Investigating Problems، And providing solutions to generate motivation among shift work staff of Gachsaran Oil and Gas exploitation company

Roohallah Fathi ^*1, Forough Farzan ², Sakineh Asadi ³

^*1. Department of Management, Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht, Iran

^2. Department of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

^2. Department of Management, Azna Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azna, Iran

Roohallah.fathi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Now days the most considerable Part of production Systems has been dedicated to shift work. Consequently, considering the situation of shift workers Will be of great importance. In Iran,these systems are used in production industries such as oil, gas and petrochemical, and also in service departments such as hospitals and police. On the other hand, There are more problems in shift Hours such as stress, fatigue and job dissatisfaction Particularrly in the operation units of oil and gas Exploitation company. Some industrial countries have adapted the shift system as Their strategy to the maximum efficiency of human Resources and ensure the sustain ability of industries as Well as manufacturing activities. so, shift working population is continuously growing more rapidly then they did in the past. in this paper we briefly introduce the shift systems, the stress resulting from such conditions and the destructive consequences of shift working, we also articulate some strategies for improving work conditions, employees satisfaction and some suggestions abou t this research.

 [Roohallah Fathi, Forough Farzan, Sakineh Asadi. Investigating Problems، And providing solutions to generate motivation among shift work staff of Gachsaran Oil and Gas exploitation company. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):88-91] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.15

Keywords: Shift, stress, stress at work, motivation, Work Tension

Full Text

15

16

Analysis of Arbitrage Pricing Theory to Predict Stock Returns during and after the Stock Market Bubble in Tehran

Zahra sarlak ^*1, Morteza Ghasemi ², Mohammahe Skandari ¹, Hamid Reza Malek Hossini ¹, Jafar Nekounam ¹

^*1. Department of Accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran

^2. Department of Accounting, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

Z.sarlak1@gmail.com

Abstract Understanding the mechanism and efficiency of a risk and return in capital markets, is one of the important issues that have attracted the view of financial user for long time. Pattern introduce the process of return, risk and return relationship of various factors as independent. Among these models there are capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and arbitrage pricing. This study uses two basic hypotheses to test the arbitrage pricing theory of capital market in the period of 1999 to 2008 in Tehran. First the number of factors that influence the efficiency is estimated that involved 13 in the pre-bubble, 12 in the bubble period and 14 after bubble period. The main purpose is the test arbitrage pricing theory (APT) technique using factor analysis and the efficiency of the odd week, and finally with an average balance equation obtained by even weeks were analyzed to estimate the model predictive power The results should that there is no significant difference between the mean squared errors of odd and even days with the 95 confidence Research findings suggest that the arbitrage pricing. Theory is true only in the bubble period, and Iran’s stock market returns is affected of two-factor model, these two factors supply 48.6 percent of total output fluctuations.

 [Zahra sarlak, Morteza Ghasemi, Mohammahe Skandari, Hamid Reza Malek Hossini, Jafar Nekounam. Analysis of Arbitrage Pricing Theory to Predict Stock Returns during and after the Stock Market Bubble in Tehran. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):92-98] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.16

Keywords: arbitrage pricing theory, bubbles, risk, efficiency.

Full Text

16

17

Emergency medicine in Iran: a qualitative study

Ehsan Karimi¹; Shervin Farahmand²; Mohammad Reza Farnia¹*, Mehdi Momeni¹, Morteza Saeedi¹, Hojat Sheikh

Motahar Vahedi¹

1.MD, Assistant professor of emergency medicine, emergency department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences

2. Associate professor of emergency medicine, emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran university of Medical sciences

* (Corresponding Author), Assistant professor of emergency medicine, emergency department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical sciences. Tel number: 0098-21-84901000- E-mail: m-farnia@sina.tums.ac.ir, dr.farniamohamad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Study objective: Although the emergency medicine was established 10 years ago in Iran, no study has been conducted on this specialty as a career yet. This made us evaluate the viewpoints of the Iranian emergency medicine specialists about their career in a qualitative study. Method: Data were compiled using a qualitative methodology (grounded theory), face-to-face interviews and open questions. Interviewees were selected based on academic or nonacademic activities (employment) and genders; they had at least 2 years’ experience in their career. Interviews continued until we reached data saturation when there was not any new idea in our interviews. Then the verbatim transcriptions were coded with thematic analyses to extract themes by two independent reviewers, and after an agreement, these themes were classified in 3 main categories. Results: Categories include: 1. Career nature 2.The positive points (aspects) of the profession 3. Weak points (The negative aspects of the career) About the first category, Iranian emergency medicine specialists mentioned that they have an effective and important role as the first line physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of emergency patients and the appropriate management of the emergency ward. In the second category, the main positive aspect was the spiritual values and the sense of fulfillment caused by saving lives of critical patients. Other themes, such as schedule flexibility and job opportunity were also important in this category. About the negative aspects, the main concern was about not being recognized as a specialty by society after 10 years. Besides, there were also concerns about stress and burnout. The main difference between the perspective of academic emergency medicine specialists and nonacademic counterparts was the feeling of more job security in the first group. There was not any difference in the perspective of male and female emergency medicine specialists about their career. Conclusion: Based on this study, we achieved a hypothesis about the viewpoints of Iranian emergency medicine specialists about their career. This hypothesis can be a basis for more detailed quantitative studies in this issue. It seems that Iranian emergency medicine specialists have a positive perspective on their career and their role in the health care system in that the future of this new specialty will be very encouraging, although there are concerns about burnout and lack of support from Iranian emergency medicine society among specialists.

[Ehsan Karimi, Shervin Farahmand, Mohammad Reza Farnia, Mehdi Momeni, Morteza Saeedi, Hojat Sheikh Motahar Vahedi. Emergency medicine in Iran: a qualitative study. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):99-105] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.17

Full Text

17

18

Extensive Strategies for the Development of Cities

Mohsen Hatami

Department of Urbanization, University of Tehran Kish International Campus, Tehran, Iran

Email: mohsen.hatami@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Urbanization is a manifestation of the process of transformation of society and more recently of globalization. It is estimated that by the year 2008, more than half the human population, of 3.3 billion people will be living in urban areas. This number is expected to swell to 5 billion by 2030. The world’s urban population has grown from 220 million to 2.8 billion over the twentieth century. This scale of growth is expected to continue in the next couple of decades with Africa and Asia witnessing major growth. By 2030 the towns and cities of the developing world will make up 80 per cent of urban humanity.

[Mohsen Hatami. Extensive Strategies for the Development of Cities. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):106-115] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.18

Keywords: Civilization; Urban development; Transportation; Developing Networks.

Full Text

18

19

Position and Performance of Families in Development, Culture and Arts of the State

Fatemeh Moradi

Ph.D. Student of Persian Literature, Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran

Address: 34147-37918, first floor, 23, Hekmat 50 Alley, Noroozian St., Qazvin, Iran.

Email address: dr.moradi@yahoo.com; Cell: +989124479103. Tel.: +982113661017

Abstract: A society culture is a response formed by human beings in which they accept to live by each other. Study in the field of culture is very sensitive and deep. In this study, one of effective organs in this debate, family, has been investigated and despite of small and limited appearance, it has the greatest impact of the foundations of culture, development, customs, norms, beliefs, values and future abnormalities. In addition, practical ways for more effective and deeper family models have been proposed. Today psychology’s findings indicate the impacts of children from first months of birth because the family as the first practical model teaches principles, values and do-and-don’ts indirectly to its members, like an informal center of training and teaching, by its behaviors and traits. It injects dynamicity and mobility and causes to strengthen and develop activist spirit, creativity, innovation, self-confidence, self-esteem and flourish among its members. Also, in this study, some strategies such as culture establishment, path definition, illustration of roles and relations, empowering people, practical support and etc. are accounted for and considered to develop the culture and arts by the family. Then, successful, germinating, creative and messenger culture and the role and performance of the family in their strengthening are investigated and some ways for more effectiveness are proposed.

[Fatemeh Moradi. Position and Performance of Families in Development, Culture and Arts of the State. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):116-118] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.19

Keywords: Family, Development, Culture

Full Text

19

20

Electronic banking implementation methodology, strategic approach in the third millennium

¹Mehdi Rouhi Khalili, ²Amin Balaghi Inalo, ³Javad Mehrabi

¹MA of Public Administration-Human Resource Management

²PhD Candidate of Public Administration-Comparative and Development, Qom Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran (Corresponding Author)

Abstract: Rising growth and improvement of information technology has created revolution in people different aspects of life and performance organizations. This technology has changed the operating procedures and peoples attitude of organizations and governments, and has provided new industries, jobs and creativity to the affairs. Emersion of phenomena such as: electronic jobs, electronic trade, electronic banking are the main results of influence and improvement of information technology on economic. Our country is a young country in the presence and application of the electronic banking. There is a long way to achieve a desired status. In the field of electronic banking, so far wide activities have done, but the lack of some infrastructures at different aspects have led to slow these activities. Now, in the most advanced countries, banks have provided on-line banking services for their clients by internet. Clients can do most of their banking works without presence at bank by connecting to home page and using their special code. These factors provide the ground to facilitate of doing commercial and bought sold affairs that have led to increase the competition between banking and non banking institutions. Therefore, the electronic banking can be defined as a collector of facilities for clients who can access to the banking services by safe intermediates without the physical presence. On the other hand, implementation of electronic banking requires accompaniment and coordination of other executive and legal institutions correlate to banking system that without them, banks are not able to take new technology completely, in their affairs. This article has verified electronic banking and we as far as possible try to make this subject clear. [Mehdi Rouhi Khalili, Amin Balaghi Inalo, Javad Mehrabi. Electronic banking implementation methodology, strategic approach in the third millennium. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):119-127] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.20

Keywords: Importance and necessity of electronic banking, comparison traditional banking with electronic banking, impact of electronic banking on organization structure of banks, barriers of electronic banking implementation in Iran.

Full Text

20

21

Relationship between Different Types of Intelligence and Student Achievement

Arbabisarjou, Azizollah, Ph.D

Faculty member, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 98167-43463, Zahedan, Iran.

Raghib, Maede-Sadat

MA, Educational Administration, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding author)

Moayed, Narges

MA, Educational Administration, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran

Rezazadeh, Shekoofeh- Sadat

MA in Curriculum, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between different types of the intelligence and student achievement in University of Isfahan. In other words, this study seeks to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence with student achievement. The statistical population of this study includes all students at University of Isfahan who studied in this university in 2011-2012 years. A sample of 250 members was selected from this population by Multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Data-collection instruments were Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIque-SF) and The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 15 and AMOS 18 were used. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to introduce a model that explaining student’s achievement based on the emotional and spiritual intelligences.

[Arbabisarjou, Azizollah, Raghib, Maede-Sadat, Rezazadeh, Shekoofeh- Sadat, Bonakdarhashemi, Nazanin. Relationship between Different Types of Intelligence and Student Achievement. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):128-133] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.21

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, Achievement, Students.

Full Text

21

22

Intention to Use Information Technology ethically; a path analysis model based on individual variables

Farshad Hajian

Master of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, I.R. Iran

Najmeh- Sadat Mortaji,

Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Email: najmemortaji@yahoo.com

Telfax: +987148765432

Abstract: The current study investigated the impact of individual variables of computer self-efficacy, perceived punishment severity and prior experience on intention to used information technology ethically. Data collected from two state universities in Iran during the academic year of 2010-2011. Sample consisted of 403 students who were selected using random categorical sampling method. Data analyses showed that all of the proposed paths were significant. Also, model fit indices showed that the presented model has a good fit for the current data. [Farshad Hajian, Najmeh- Sadat Mortaji. Intention to Use Information Technology ethically; a path analysis model based on individual variables. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):134-138] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.22

Keywords: Path Analysis, Intention to Use information Technology, Individual Variables.

Full Text

22

23

Safety and Security Enhancement for Privacy of Users in Pervasive Computing via P3P and APPEL Protocols

¹Somayeh Jafari, ²Masumeh Jafari, ³Fatemeh Saberi, ⁴Rouhollah Yazdani, ⁵Shiva Darijani

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran (Corresponding Author)

²Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pnu, Shahre Babak Center, Iran

³Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pnu, Shahre Babak Center, Iran

⁴Department of Computer Engineering, University of Azad, Kerman Center, Iran

⁵Department of Computer Engineering, University of Azad, Bam Center, Iran

Abstract: This paper explores the challenges facing pervasive computing deals. Pervasive computing environment and the future of computing is a new approach Computers and computing environments, and is intended to accommodate the daily lives of people And it should always be an invisible component. Security is a significant challenge in pervasive computing environment. In this paper, the security of AES has two key protocols. This paper addresses the issue of privacy as a complementary discussion of standards, protocols, tools and other related subjects has been analyzed with it. The key factor to preserve user privacy, without which it cannot be universal computation. Provide guidelines for appropriate interaction with the user-defined policies and compliance for working with user data collected by the central argument of this article. This approach uses a system that detects the position of the building is created based on wireless signal strength meter works. Privacy preservation is also using P3P and APPEL related protocols is done by the system. Finally, simulation results are presented. Method is to compare the simulation a similar system using both real system implementation and Privacy Policy and poster presentations of new models, Terms of service to users by comparing the time being.

[Somayeh Jafari, Masumeh Jafari, Fatemeh Saberi. Rouhollah Yazdani, Shiva Darijani, Safety and Security Enhancement for Privacy of Users in Pervasive Computing via P3P and APPEL Protocols. Life Sci J 2013; 10(7s):139-147] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.23

Keywords; Industrial security applications; Local area identification; Pervasive computing environments; Security supportive architectures.

Full Text

23

24

The study of the relationship between the concept of health and status of health promoting behaviours in girls who were studying in high schools of Sistan and Balouchestan province

1. Kiani, Fateme

Health promotion research center, faculty member, Zahedan University of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran (corresponding author)

2. Khazaeeian, Somaie

Faculty member, Department of Midwifery, Zahedan University of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract: Background and purpose: health promoting behaviours is one of the ways by which people can maintain their health. Regarding that adolescents are a considerable part of the country population and the importance of their health for society health promotion, the study was designed to determine the status of health promoting behaviour and its effect on understanding the concept of health. This study was cross sectional descriptive. 400 students of Sistan & Balouchestan province were selected by stratified sampling method. Collection tool of the data was health promoting lifestyle (HPLP-II) which was composed of standard questionnaire of health promoting lifestyle and the concept of health questionnaire, both of them had subscales. The data were analysed by Pearson statistical correlation test using SPSS 15. The mean of age was 15.8. Mean of (HPLP II) was 134.9±18.5 out of total score of 208. The highest score was 26.7 for spiritual growth subscale and the lowest was 16.9 in physical activity subscale. A significant statistical correlation was observed among mean of (HPLP II), variables of the concept of health understanding, and its subscales (P<0.001). Health promoting behaviours are something beyond an individual phenomenon and various factors like understanding health concept, vocational status, adaptation and etc affect it. Thus it is recommended to design plans by which we can improve health promoting behaviours with the increase of understanding the concept of health. [Kiani, Fateme, Khazaeeian, Somaie. The study of the relationship between the concept of health and status of health promoting behaviours in girls who were studying in high schools of Sistan and Balouchestan province. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):148-151] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.24

Keywords: Health promoting behaviors, Girls, Highcschools.

Full Text

24

25

Comparing Emotional Maturity and Marital Satisfaction in Married Men Having Healthy and Unhealthy Inference from their Family-of-Origin Employed in Tehran Oil Company

Azadeh Saffarpour¹, Mina Sharifi²

^1. MA in Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

^2. MA in Psychology, Tehran University. Tehran, Iran

azsaffarpour@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the relationship between emotional maturity and dyadic adjustment in people having healthy and unhealthy inference from their family-of-origin. 240 individuals were selected to do this study from among 681 individual married men working at Pipe Line Oil Co. of Tehran using systematic random sampling. In this study, data obtained from, family-of-origin scale, dyadic adjustment scale, and emotional maturity scale. To analyze data the researcher used Z-test, Pearson correlation, multi-dimensional linear regression and T-test with independent samples. In this study, the researcher found that in two groups of samples having healthy and unhealthy inference from their family-of-origin there was significant relationships between the rates of 1. Emotional maturity and dyadic adjustment 2.The rate of emotional maturity and 3.Dyadic adjustment. The result of this study shows that the first hypothesis is supported by 95% confident and second and third hypothesis are by 99% confident at significant level of 0.0001. The result of this study focuses on the role of family-of-origin in creating emotional maturity and the quality of dyadic adjustment in people in the adolescence and after marriage.

[Azadeh Saffarpour, Mina Sharifi. Comparing Emotional Maturity and Marital Satisfaction in Married Men Having Healthy and Unhealthy Inference from their Family-of-Origin Employed in Tehran Oil Company. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):152-159] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.25

Keywords: emotional maturity, marital satisfaction, healthy inference, unhealthy inference.

Full Text

25

26

Analysis and comparison of influential factors on job and marital satisfaction among teachers and public, exceptional and gifted schools

Mina Sharifi¹, Azadeh Saffarpour²

^1.MA in Psychology, Tehran University.Tehran, Iran.

^2.MA in Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

mina.sharifi1@gmail.com

Abstract: The current research aimed at analyzing and comparing the influential factors in job and marital satisfaction among teachers of public, exceptional and gifted schools in Karaj city. In this research, married male and female teachers of public, exceptional, and gifted schools were studied in which their total number was 213 individuals, 80 people for public schools, 80 people for exceptional schools and 50 people for gifted schools. To analyze job and marital satisfaction JDI and ANRIJ questionnaires were used respectively.Data analysis showed that there is not any significant difference among there groups of teachers in the respect of job satisfaction. But there is a significant difference among three groups of teachers in the respect of marital satisfaction. Also there was higher rate of marital satisfaction among gifted school teachers. In addition it was founded that there is a direct relationship between job and marital satisfaction.

[Mina Sharifi, Azadeh Saffarpour. Analysis and comparison of influential factors on job and marital satisfaction among teachers and public, exceptional and gifted schools. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):160-167] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.26

Keywords: job satisfaction, marital satisfaction, exceptional schools, public schools, gifted schools.

Full Text

26

27

Decisional Balance and milk consumption among college students: By using the Transtheoretical model (TTM).

Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef

Department of Nursing, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Corresponding Author email: farhadie_1967@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of aspects of decisional balance in each stage of change to milk consumption among college students by using the transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: A convenience sample of 500 college students completed measures of aspects of decisional balance (pros and cons) by using modified specter scale. The staging measures and algorithm developed by the national cancer institute was used to assess respondents stag of change for milk consumption. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 16.0 Program including ANOVA test, and descriptive statics. Results: The result showed that aspects of Pros for milk consumption were significantly increase from precontemplation to maintenance stages ( p ˂ 0/005), while cons of milk consumption were not significantly decrease from precontemplation to maintenance stages ( p ˃ 0/05 ).

Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef. Decisional Balance and milk consumption among college students: By using the Transtheoretical model (TTM). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):168-171] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.27

Key words: Transtheoretical model, change, stages, decisional balance, milk consumption, students

Full Text

27

28

Situational Self-efficacy and milk consumption among college students: By using the Transtheoretical model (TTM).

Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef

Department of Nursing, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Corresponding Author email: farhadie_1967@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of aspects of situational self-efficacy in each stage of change to milk consumption among college students by using the transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: A convenience sample of 500 college students completed measures of aspects of situational self-efficacy (positive social,,negative affect and difficult situation) by using modified specter scale. The staging measures and algorithm developed by the national cancer institute was used to assess respondents stag of change for milk consumption. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 16.0 Program including ANOVA test, and descriptive statics. Results: The result showed that aspect of Positive social for milk consumption were significantly increase from precontemplation to maintenance stages ( p ˂ 0/005), while negative affect and difficult situations of milk consumption were not significantly decrease from precontemplation to maintenance stages ( p ˃ 0/05 ).

[Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef. Situational Self-efficacy and milk consumption among college students: By using the Transtheoretical model (TTM). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):172-175] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.28

Key words: Transtheoretical model, change, stages, decisional balance, milk consumption, students.

Full Text

28

29

Comparative study of "The Rule of law" in the international discipline and in the Nahj of Imam Ali (AS)

Hossein Ale Kajbaf ¹,Hassan Faraj Donyavi ²

^1.Assistant professor, Payam-e Nour University.Tehran,Iran

^2.Ph.D.Student of international law, Payam-e Nour University.Tehran, Iran

donyavi_h59@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ruling of law in its real meaning and with broad concept means people should obey rules and it should be dominant on them. Referring to law concept as a tool to control power has been attractive from past times. The concept of Ruling of law in international level is still completing and has always been a debatable topic. The more important is that Ruling of law should be defined in the term of desired government and help completing and implementing other parameters of desired government. The practical and theoretical emphasize on law mainly Quran orders and prophet’s procedures indicates the theological aspect of Imam Ali’s government. Imam Ali accepted to be governor in order to implement fairness and equity as pronounced manifestation of law and to lead the society toward ideal, growth and maturity. At the present time, there is no global and comprehensive definition o Ruling of law in worldwide. It can be said the main reason is to consider the personal interests by the governors of the different nations, not people interests. But Imam Ali didn’t trade the humanistic values and principles in politic market and he scarified his life for it. No his friends and relatives and their numbers could affect on Ruling of law in his government. In this paper we aim at answering the question whether the concept of Ruling of law is known in international system? And whether it is comparable with concept of Ruling of law in Nahjolbalagheh or not?

[Hossein Ale Kajbaf, Hassan Faraj Donyavi. Comparative study of "The Rule of law" in the international discipline and in the Nahj of Imam Ali (AS). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):176-184] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.29

Key Words: Rule of law, Nahj, governing, international system, Imam Ali.

Full Text

29

30

Exploration of influencing the service quality on customer satisfaction by the innovation and creativity process approach (Karaj case)

Mohammad Nikbakht

Payam-e Nour University. Tehran, Iran.

nikbakht448@yahoo.com

Abstract: In today competitive world, the customers are in the focus of company’s attention and their loyalty is the main factor for reaching to competitive advantage in the organizations. The aim for conducting current research is to explore the relationship between customer loyalty and its key variables meaning service quality and confidence and satisfaction are also considered as intermediate variable and role of innovation and creativity in enhancement of customer satisfaction has been evaluated. The current research is descriptive and in order to measure the questionnaire with 7 points Likert scale has been used. The population is the non native tourists of Alborz province and sample volume are amounted 67 persons that for sample selection, the simple random sampling method has been used. The research findings imply a significant and positive relationship between service quality based on creativity and loyalty of customer. In order to be survived in such uncertain environment we need to novel thoughts and ideas. The tools that can be useful in this venue are creativity innovation and entrepreneurship. The creativity is to employ mental capability for creation of a thought or new conception, but innovation is the process for converting such thoughts to practice. The creativity is to employ mental capabilities for creation of a though or new concept thus findings of this research indicate that confidence and satisfaction variable play the intermediate role in the service quality and loyalty relationship along with innovation and creativity and influence on the loyalty positively and significantly. Generally this research show that there is a positive relationship between service quality with customer satisfaction.

 [Mohammad Nikbakht. Exploration of influencing the service quality on customer satisfaction by the innovation and creativity process approach (Karaj case). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):185-192] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.30

Keywords: customer satisfaction, service quality, behavioral loyalty, sentimental loyalty, intentional loyalty, creativity and innovation.

Full Text

30

31

Presents a model for Performance Evaluation of Business Process Management

Motadel Mohammadreza¹ and Esfandyari Fard Ghaffar²

1- Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch

2- Master of Information Technology Management

Department of Information Technology Management,

Electronic Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: In the present study a mathematical model has been presented to evaluate the Business process management (BPM) in the inspection departments of Iran MelliBank. In the bank units BPMs are used in order to manage the operations of users and to offer related reports to relevant managers. There are some indicators in the organization that can evaluate BPM Performance. Beside these factors, we will see the effective indicators which can assess the BPM. We will focus on Input and output variables for discussing them according to bankerpoint of view by using Data Envelopment Analysis.

[Motadel Mohammadreza and Esfandyari Fard Ghaffar. Presents a model for Performance Evaluation of Business Process Management. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):193-197]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.31

Keywords: Business Process Management, Data Envelopment Analysis,Critical Success Factors, Effective Indicators

Full Text

31

32

The Study of Intensity and Frequency of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Resulting from War in Ilam City

Koorosh Saki^1*, Mahmood Rafieian-Kopaei², Mahmood Bahmani³

1. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

3. Urmia University of Medical Siences. Urmia, Iran

^*Corresponding Author: Koorosh Saki (PhD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Email: kooreshs@gmail.com

Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a set of a person’s reactions to stresses which are beyond one’s mental capacity and precedes a severe stress. The aim of this Research was to study the intensity and frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from war in Ilam city. This descriptive- analytic study was investigated the PTSD among the residents of Ilam city who were involved directly or indirectly in the war issues. The sample size was 5110 people chosen through cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed through statistical methods such as K2 test, t-test, linear regression test, and variance analysis in SPSS software. The results of the study revealed that 26% of the cases who had residence background in Ilam city during Iraqi war against Iran suffered from mental disorder (PTSD). Most of these patients were married, illiterate, or primary educated people and mostly the young and middle aged housewives. The war-induced posttraumatic stress disorder has had negative effects on different aspects of Ilam city residents’ health. Therefore, identifying the vulnerable groups to apply medical treatment seemed important and necessary.

[Koorosh Saki, Mahmood Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmood Bahmani. The Study of Intensity and Frequency of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Resulting from War in Ilam City. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):198-205]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.32

Key Words: Post-traumatic stress disorder, War, Ilam

Full Text

32

33

Typology Classification of Water Storages in East of Isfahan (From Azhie to Varzaneh)

Samira Tafazol¹, Ahmad Salehi Kakhki² (PhD), Mahsa Foroughi³ (M. Arch) (Corresponding author), Rouhollah Shakoori⁴

^1. Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Non-profit Sepehr-Isfahan Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran

^2. Associated Professor, Department for Conservation of Historic-Cultural Objects, Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

^3. Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Build Environment, Tehran Art University, Tehran, Iran

^4. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract: According to the climate of Iran, water storages were inseparable from the buildings of the arid land. In this paper, these water storages in the east of Isfahan, Ghourtan to Varzaneh area, which are located at the end of the Zayandehrood River, have been studied. Based on the importance of these buildings and the lack of research which done in this field, the need for research in this area is recommended. In this paper, in addition to determining the location of water storages of the area which include five regions, it's tried to prepare architectural documents, including plans, facades, sections and describe aspects of the architectural perspective and examines various aspects of the water storages in terms of physical characteristics, such as form: how access to water, how to ventilate, decorations and etc. Finally, based on the review of five water storages, it's identified that these were belong to Ghajar period and divided to two types. The main difference of these types is their structures; as the first roof is multi-domed with low rise and the second has a high rise dome. Of the buildings, Pachviz, Blan, Ashkehran and Haji Mohammad Jafar water storages are classified in first type and Haj Mirza water storage is classified into second type. The research method was descriptive-analytical- historical and collecting data was on the basis of field research and library studies.

[Samira Tafazol, Ahmad Salehi Kakhki, Mahsa Foroughi, Rouhollah Shakoori. Typology Classification of Water Storages in East of Isfahan (From Azhie to Varzaneh). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):206-217] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.33

Keywords: Water storage, East of Isfahan, architecture, physical characteristics

Full Text

33

34

Investigating the Effect of Tourist Destination on Attracting Tourist: a Case study

Tevfik şükrü Yaprakli¹ and Reza Rasouli²

¹ Associate Professor of Marketing Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Production Management and Marketing, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey.

² (Corresponding Author), Ph.D Student of Marketing Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Production Management and Marketing, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey. E-mail: reza.rasoule@gmail.com.

Abstract: Our goal of the present research is to study the impact of tourist destination on tourist attraction in East Azerbaijan province. To achieve this end, one main theory and three secondary hypotheses have been arranged for and for testing the hypotheses, a questionnaire including 12 questions related to the independent variables and 17 questions related to dependent variable were analyzed. After assessing the validity and reliability, the questionnaire was made available for the statistical population. Since the number of the statistical population is highly limited, our statistical sample volume is equal to the statistical population’s volume. The statistical population has been estimated equal to 150 persons. Therefore total counting method has been used. Then, for analyzing the collected data the descriptive and inferential statistical methods (regression test for forecasting level of effect of each one of the independent variables on the dependent ones) were used. The results indicate that tourist destination influences the tourist attraction in East Azerbaijan’s province.

[Yaprakli, T., and Rasouli, R. Investigating the Effect of Tourist Destination on Attracting Tourist: a Case study. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):218-224] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.34

Keywords: Tourist Destination, Tourist Attract, Cultural Dimension, Historical Dimension, Nature Dimension, East Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan-e-Sharqi) in Iran.

Full Text

34

35

The Study of Usefulness of Different Earnings Forecast Models (Usefulness of Different Earnings Forecast Models by Management Compared to Earnings Forecast through Time Series Models)

Shahram¹ Abdolahi, Saleh Hadinia² and Hasan Babaei Koshteley³

¹ M.Sc of Accounting, Department of Accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University and Auditor of Supreme Audit Court, Tehran, Iran.

² (Corresponding Author), M.Sc of Accounting, Department of Accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University and Auditor of Supreme Audit Court, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: saleh.hadiniya@gmail.com.

³ M.Sc of Mathematical, Department of Mathematical, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Earning forecast is of particular importance for investors, because it is considered an important factor in the stock assessment methods, and in most cases, it is an essential component of the stock selection methods. The importance of this forecast depends on its deviation from the reality. The less the deviation is, the more accurate the forecast will be and this is considered important for both users and suppliers. Having related and timely information, management tries to estimate the future earning so that it would attract the trust of users. In contrast, the investors can estimate future earnings using other methods such as time series models. This study compares the accuracy of the managers in forecasting the future earning with forecast of time series models. For this purpose, the forecasts of 19 companies, including 171 observations, were examined between 1999 and 2007. Considering the results of the sub-hypotheses, the result of the main hypothesis suggests that among the three used models, the best model to forecast with the least error in these companies was the moving average method. Also regarding the comparison of management earning forecast with time series forecasting methods, it was concluded that given that the two models out of three used quantitative models (time series model) forecast earnings with less error than the management forecast method. Thus, it can be said that management forecasts is more useful than time series methods. [Abdolahi, S., Hadinia, S., and Babaei, H. The Study of Usefulness of Different Earnings Forecast Models (Usefulness of Different Earnings Forecast Models by Management Compared to Earnings Forecast through Time Series Models). Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):225-232] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.35

Keywords: Earnings Forecast, Management Earnings Forecasts, Earnings Forecasts Through, Time Series Models.

Full Text

35

36

Organic Waste Feedstocks to Energy

Namık Ak

Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Sirnak University, Sirnak, Turkey

Corresponding author. Tel.: +90-486-216-4008 (2210); fax: +90-486-216-4844

E-mail address: dr.akhoca@gmail.com (N. Ak).

Abstract: Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies convert waste matter into various forms of fuel that can be used to supply energy. Waste feedstocks can include municipal solid waste (MSW); forest and wood industry wastes including bark, chips, sawdust, hardboard dust, mud from paper industry and raw cork; agricultural waste, such as crop silage and livestock manure; industrial waste from coal mining, lumber mills, or other facilities; and even the gases that are naturally produced within landfills. There are four major methods for conversion of organic wastes to synthetic fuels: (1) hydrogenation, (2) pyrolysis, (3) gasification, and (4) bioconversion. Biomass thermo-chemical conversion technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification are certainly not the most important options at present; combustion is responsible for over 97% of the world’s bio-energy production. Some processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion and alcohol production have widely been applied to biomass in order to obtain its energy content.

[Namık Ak. Organic Waste Feedstocks to Energy. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):233-241] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.36

Keywords: Waste feedstock; Energy; Conversion; Waste management

Full Text

36

37

The Effect of Time Interval from Index Trauma on Results of Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage in Animal Samples

Mohammad Bassir Abolghassemi Fakhree, Amrollah Bayat, Hamed Farhadi, Ramin Azhough

Department of General Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

azhough@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is an invasive and highly sensitive diagnostic tool to detect abdominal trauma. Despite recent trend to use non-invasive tools such as FAST and CT scan to detect these injuries, DPL has its place in trauma management particularly for hollow visceral injury. Using RBC count to detect intestinal injuries has had low accuracy rate. WBC count, amylase, and alkaline phophatase (ALP) levels have been useful in this regard but with some controversies. The study was carried out on 90 rats, divided to 3 groups (30 rats each), and every group was subdivided randomly to 15 case and 15 control rats. For case rats, perforations were done in the small intestine using a needle. In all rats a catheter was placed in the peritoneum. Lavage of the peritoneum was done through the catheter 1, 6, and 12 hours after the trauma for first, second, and third group, respectively. WBC count was not different between case and control rats 1 hour post-injury, but was increased 6 and 12 hours after perforation in case rats. Amylase and ALP levels were higher in case rats in all of three groups compared to control rats. Further human studies must be done to clarify the normal and abnormal values of WBC count, amylase, and ALP levels of DPL analysis. Furthermore, the effect of time interval on these parameters must be appreciated and taken into account in interpreting the results of DPL to detect abdominal injuries as soon as possible.

[Fakhree MB, Bayat A, Farhadi H, Azhough R. The Effect of Time Interval from Index Trauma on Results of Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage in Animal Samples. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):242-245] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.37

Keywords: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage; intestinal injuries; amylase; alkaline phosphatase

Full Text

37

38

The Effect of training materials to help color and light, on the amount of attention and learning Persian language lessons in elementary school girls in the first grade in Sharoud city

Dr. Hasan Asadzadeh ¹, Dr. Nourali Farokhzadeh ², Yasamin Amini Moghadam ³

¹Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, IRAN.

²Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, IRAN.

³ Master of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabatabai University,Tehran, IRAN.

moghadam_yasamin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The color images show more details and to raise levels of educational information and is effective in gaining a deeper understanding. Proper lighting also will enhance learning and performance and will help to individual and situational analysis. This study aimed to assess the impact of training materials to help color and light, the amount of attention and learning Persian language lessons in elementary school girls first base began. This type of research was the semi-experimental design in which pre-test - post-test with two independent experimental and control groups, was dealing with Sampling in this study, sampling wascluster. Thus, the first among fifty seven primary schools in two school girls anymore city were randomly selected. Then, between these two classes first elementary school, two classes were selected randomly. Sample obtained consists of two primary first class and the number of students per class, 24 people were. Experimental groups under the influence of experimental (materials and tools for color and light), and control group, influenced by factors different from those (materials and tools for Black and White and no special lighting) groups. Run the test period, 4 weeks and 3 sessions per week (total of 12 sessions for each group).Tool to collect data in this study were:1 - test the research and determine the learning process of students learning in the classroom. 2 - Attention test, to determine the amount of attention Dr fraynd students learning in the classroom. Then, statistical analysis, data collected from samples with statistical tests analysis of covariance were analyzed. In this study, using the scores obtained by students in the learning and test data from tests of attention, to assess student learning and attention was paid. Statistical analysis of data in both the research hypothesis, with 05/0 =α, were confirmed. Statistical results showed: 1-Average scores in the experimental groups according automatically mean scores significantly higher than in the control group was considering. This result shows the effect of light and color is increased attention to students.2 - Average scores of students learning in the experimental group significantly higher than average scores automatically learning students in the control group had. This result shows the effect of light and color is on increasing student learning. Since the color in the learning environment improves visual processing, visual thinking, problem solving process and increase Creativity. Also the proper light increases the body's level of consciousness and cognitive performance. Therefore, research on the effect of training materials to help color and light, on the amount of attention and learning will help significantly improve the quality of teaching and learning.

[Hasan Asadzadeh, Nourali Farokhzadeh, Yasamin Amini Moghadam. The Effect of training materials to help color and light, on the amount of attention and learning Persian language lessons in elementary school girls in the first grade in Sharoud city. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):246-251] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.38

Keywords: color and light, attention, elementary school.

Full Text

38

39

Acceptability for injury assessment of groundwater resources in plain of Ardakan-Yazd using Drastic Model And GIS

^1.S.A.Mirhosseini, ^2.H. Zarei Mahmoodabady, ^3.Mohsen Bemani

^1.Department of Environment, MaybodBranch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran (Corresponding author).
Tel: 00989132552059 E-mail: mirhosseinid@yahoo.com
^2.Department of Environment, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran
^3.M.Scgraduated of Groundwater Hydrology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract: Yazd-Ardakan plain was placed at Yazd province center and regarding its structure is a part of Iran central plateau, according to the weather conditions, there is not any kind of permanent river in the region and also other regions of province are dependent to the underground waters and due to the development of industries and importance of aforementioned water resource in the supply of required water of industries agriculture and drinking water in this study using the drastic model, aquifer acceptability for injury of Yazd–Ardakan was compared to the pollution. Since the removal of pollution from underground aquifers is a very expensive affaire and somewhat is impossible, preventing from their pollution is a most important work in order to protect the water resources. Main goal of doing this work is to evaluate the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer acceptability for injury in presence of pollution. In this research after classification and weighting for each one of the effective parameters, the drastic index is calculated per region and according to it the various degrees of vulnerability is identified and acceptability for injury plan is drawn based on the drastic method. Then we used of GIS technique to prepare the vulnerability plan. according to the results, 10 % of all region area in our study was in a negligible range, 75 % in a low range and 15 % in a medium range. According to the medium acceptability for injury of aquifer and lack of wastewater treatment system in the region, strategies such as prevention from contaminant units establishment and designing of waste water treatment in the regions with lower acceptability for injury is offered.
[S.A. Mirhosseini, H. Zarei Mahmoodabady, Mohsen Bemani. Acceptability for injury assessment of groundwater resources in plain of Ardakan-Yazd using Drastic Model And GIS. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):252-260] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.39

Keywords: Acceptability for injury, aquifer, Yazd-Ardakan, Drastic model,GIS

Full Text

39

40

Survey of intellectual capital and financial performance of companies in TSE

Ghasem Ghasemi1, Reza Tehrani2

1: Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University-Sabzevar Branch, Sabzevar, Iran and Ph.D. student in National University of Tajikistan (Corresponding Author)

2: Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University-Sabzevar Branch, Sabzevar, Iran

ghasemighasem14@yahoo.com

Abstract: In a knowledge-based organization, where, knowledge forms a large part of the amount and quality of organization's profitability, traditional accounting methods, which are based on tangible assets and information of previous operations of the organization, are incapable of valuing intellectual capital as their most valuable assets. Therefore, the intellectual capital approach is the most comprehensive for organizations who want to know their profitability capacities better. The fundamental importance of this study is the lack of intellectual capital items in the financial statements of the companies as well as a huge gap between book value and market value. In the past, tangible assets had higher importance but today, large part of organizations’ assets are intangible assets thus, in today's economy, organizations success depend on the way of managing these assets.

[Ghasem Ghasemi, Reza Tehrani. Survey of intellectual capital and financial performance of companies in TSE. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):261-269] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.40

Keywords: Financial Performance, Iranian Capital Market, Intelligent Capital

Full Text

40

41

Comparison between lateralization levels of athletes who do exercises actively and their dynamic and static balance and some physical features

¹Dr. Ahmet Gökhan YAZICI, ²Dr. Hüseyin EROĞLU

1.Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Kazım Karabekir, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey, agokhanyazici@hotmail.com
2.Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey eroglu1@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim: It is intended to search whether hemispheric differences of athletes who are active in sports lead to difference between dynamic, static balance levels which are sensorial and physical factors and some anthropometric features. Material and Method: 98 athletes doing exercises at least two hours at least for four days were included in study. 44 of them are right handed, 41 are left handed, and 12 are both handed. Dynamic and static balance levels, anthropometric features, anaerobic powers are evaluated before and after a thirty second Anaerobic Test of Wingate Cycle Ergometer. Collected data were analysed by SPSS 20 for Windows package. Results: No important difference was found between lateralization levels of right handed, left handed, both handed athletes doing exercises actively and dynamic and static levels and some anthropometric features. Conclusion: It was concluded that both handed are advantageous in balance, fatigue is not effective as it is accustomed, fatigue affects static balance, there is no difference between left handed athletes and right handed athletes.
[Ahmet Gökhan, Hüseyin EROĞLU. Comparison between lateralization levels of athletes who do exercises actively and their dynamic and static balance and some physical features. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):270-279] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.41

Key Words: dynamic balance, lateralization, somatotype, sport, static balance.

Full Text

41

42

Investigation of physical factors and chemical reactions in Roller compacted concrete dams in Russia

Masoud Golshani¹, Ali Arash Ronassi², Vyacheslav Vatslavovich Babitsky<sup>3

1.</sup>PhD student, Department of Concrete technology and Construction Materials, Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
^2.Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Payam-e Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran.
^3.Professor of Technical Sciences, Department of Concrete technology and Construction Materials, Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus,

masoudgolshani@yahoo.com 

Abstract: According to the abundant use of engineer and factor designer about the function of concrete in different environmental conditions, it's important to analyze the methods and new technologies of factors and concrete and adopted with environmental condition and function of Russia. One of the main causes of destroyed concrete in RCC dams is the alkali-carbon reaction of the aggregates. In this paper, the aggregates are chosen from three well known RCC dams in Russia. Mortar bar method, accelerated mortar bar test, accelerated concrete prism test were performed on experimental samples and some solutions were expressed for the concrete to be remained properly. According to the results, it is concluded that among these three methods, accelerated mortar bar test (choosing appropriate Expansions criterion (, is the best method to the evaluate Alkali-carbonate reactions.

[Masoud Golshani, Ali Arash Ronassi, Vyacheslav Vatslavovich Babitsky. Investigation of physical factors and chemical reactions in Roller compacted concrete dams in Russia. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):280-285] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.42

Keywords: Investigation of physical, concrete, RCC dams, experimental, Russia

Full Text

42

43

A Comparative Study Of Epic Themes in Firdausi and Persian Ancient Narratives

Zhila Dehbozorgi, PH.D

Professor of Farhanghian University, Tehran, Iran

Pegmo63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Epic is about the action of lords and great men. The studied subjects in epic, is daring actions and events stored in the old stories and narratives. These stories have those meanings and charms that is the cover of the epic stories.The origins of Persian epics come from the old narratives of Avesta, especially Yashts and also Persian medieval manuscripts like ''Yadegar-e-zariran '' (commemoration of Zariran), ''Khoday Name'' (the book about God) and the histories of Islamic era.Remaining of old subjects could be seen in Islamic era's ''Shahnamehs'' (the book about Shahs) especially, Firdausi's Shahnameh has used a lot of traditional subjects and foundations.

[Zhila Dehbozorgi. A Comparative Study Of Epic Themes in Firdausi and Persian Ancient Narratives. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):286-292] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1007s13.43

Keywords: Themes, ancient sources, narratives, epic, Firdausi's shahnameh

Full Text

43

44

The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Self-competence with Organizational Commitment of

Teachers of Girl’s Primary Schools of Talesh in Academic Year 2011-2012

Javad Khalatbari 1, Shahnam Abolghasemi2, Ziba Saadati2

¹Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

2Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

Abstract:The main aim of the paper is to investigate how Personality Traits and Self-competence are related to Organizational Commitment in teachers working in Talesh primary schools. The research was descriptively (coordinatively) performed. The statitical sample includes all the teachers working in girls primary schools in Talesh totally 442 people. The sample volume was assigned as 205 teachers based on Morgan’s Table; also sampling was performed by random classification. The collection devices were three types of questionaires: New Personality Traits; Sherer’s Public Self-competence; and Allan & Mayer Organizational Commitment. To anlayze the data, there were utilized Focal Coordination Tests and also Pearson’s coordination Coefficient. The results show that personality traits and self-competence are significantly related to primary school teachers’ organizational commitment. Moreover it was shown that there are three focal coordinations between these variables in which the predictor variables identify respectively 48.1, 3 and 22.4 percent of standard variable’s variance. It was also shown that personality traits are significantly related to teacher’s organizational commitment. There can be sort of meaningful and positive relationship between teacher’s self-competence and their organizational commitment. [Javad Khalatbari Shahnam Abolghasemi, Ziba Saadati. The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Self- competence with Organizational Commitment of Teachers of Girl’s Primary Schools of Talesh in Academic Year 2011-2012. Life Sci J 2013;10(7s):293-301](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44