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Assessment of oyster Crassostrea gigas as Biomonitor Agent for Some Metals (Pb and Cu) from Musa Estuary (Persian Gulf)

Cheraghi M ¹, Espergham O ², Nooriaee M H ³, Khodabakhshi Lakorgani S ⁴

¹Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, I.R of IRAN

²Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, I.R of IRAN

³Department of Management, Payame Noor University, I.R of IRAN

⁴Ports & Maritime director of Abadan

Cheraghi.mitra@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out with the aim of using Saccostrea gigas for biological monitoring heavy metals (Cu and Pb) on the Khor- Musa. Samples of oysters and sediments were collected from the intertidal zone at five different stations in Jan 2011. Sediment and tissue samples were oven dried and acid digested. The metal contents of samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that Cu and Pb concentrations in the sediment samples are as follows: 17.79 ±1.60 and 6.04 ± 0.95 μg.g^-1dw respectively. The metals concentration in the soft tissues of oyster was determined as 518.5 ±16.36 and 9.58 ±1.14 μg.g^-1dw for Cu and Pb respectively. Similarly, Cu and Pb concentrations in the shells were found to be at 1.94 ± 0.19 and 2.49 ± 0.51 μg.g^-1dw respectively. A Significant correlation was found between Cu and Pb concentration in soft tissue and sediment samples. Similarly correlations between metals contents of sediments and hard tissues were found to be significant,suggesting that the soft tissue of S. gigas should be a useful tool for Cu and Pb monitoring in the study area.

[Cheraghi M, Espergham O, Nooriaee M H, Khodabakhshi Lakorgani S. Assessment of oyster Crassostrea gigas as Biomonitor Agent for Some Metals (Pb and Cu) from Musa Estuary (Persian Gulf). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):1-7] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.01

Key words: Heavy metals, Saccostrea gigas, Biomonitoring, Persian Gulf

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Corporate Social Responsibility

Zahra Mousavi^*1, FarhadBeiranvand², Zahra Moeinfar³, Nasrollah Amouzesh⁴

^*1Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University Andimeshk, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University Andimeshk, Iran

³ Department of Accounting, Deilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Deilam, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

Zmousavi62@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the best definitions of Corporate Social Responsibility is that a corporation along with its commercial success, maintains all ethical, social and personal values, environmental values and benefits of interest groups. In the other words, Social Responsibility includes corporate manager accountability for legal, social and environmental expectations of interest groups. Considering the relationship between the state and corporate social responsibility leads to that effective implementation of this system increases the level of corporate social responsibility Promoting corporate responsibility will improve interaction between company and community. By strengthening the corporate social responsibility, companies not only can benefit from today's profits, but also consolidate their success and positions in the future as well. The other direct advantages of promoting corporate social responsibility includes more access to financial resources resulted from good reputation, risk management and supervision of the affairs of the organization, customer loyalty and interest groups trust to the company.

[Mousavi Z, Beiranvand F, Moeinfar Z, Amouzesh N. Corporate Social Responsibility. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):8-10] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.02

Keywords: Social Responsibility; Promoting corporate; Corporate governance

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Distribution of KIR genes in the Lur population of Iran

Farhad Shahsavar¹, Behnam Asadifar², Mehrzad Jafarzadeh², Shahab Forutani³

^1. Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^2. Department of Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^3. Medical Student, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

mehrzadjafarzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) are the members of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed mainly on the natural killer cells. KIR genes family is polymorphic strongly and its genomic diversity results in gene content and allelic polymorphism. The aim of this study was to report the distribution of the KIR genes in the Lur population for the first time. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 unrelated healthy Lur individuals were KIR typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers genotyping assay. Finally, Lur KIR genes distribution was compared with other Iranian populations. Results: Twenty-two different genotypes were found in the Lur population. The most common non-framework genes were KIR2DP1 and KIR2DL1 with a frequency of 98% and KIR3DL1 and KIR2DS4 with a frequency of 96% in the Lur population. The most common observed KIR genotype (AA genotype) consisted of six inhibitory genes, one activating gene and two pseudogenes, was occurred with a frequency of 29% in the Lur population. Discussion: The results show that KIR genes distribution in the Lur population has similar features with other Iranian populations studied before, but it is still unique because of decrease or increase in some loci frequencies.

[Farhad Shahsavar, Behnam Asadifar, Mehrzad Jafarzadeh, Shahab Forutani. Distribution of KIR genes in the Lur population of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):11-16] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.03

Keywords: NK cells, KIR genes, Lur population, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers

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Donor KIR genotype with KIR2DS3 and/or KIR3DS1 increases survival after non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia

Farhad Shahsavar¹, Nader Tajik², Kobra Entezami², Behnam Asadifar², Kamran Alimoghaddam³,

Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh³

^1. Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^2. Division of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^3. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Background: Natural killer (NK) cell allogeneic reaction, defined as lack of interaction between donor inhibitory killer cells immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, missing KIR ligand, has been shown to affect T-cell depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcome. However, its influence on non-T-cell depleted setting is still unclear. In addition, the role of donor and recipient activating KIRs in transplant results needs to be more investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the impact of recipient and donor KIR and KIR ligand genotypes on HSCT outcome was evaluated in 40 transplants for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 38 transplants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a non-T-cell depleted setting from HLA-identical sibling donor. As transplant endpoints, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse were assessed in recipients in a five-year period. Results: Regarding 'missing KIR ligand' no impact was found on OS, DFS and relapse for AML and ALL recipients. In AML patients, however, presence of KIR2DS3 and/or KIR3DS1 in donor genotype was associated with a higher five-year OS (P=0.006) and DFS (P=0.021) in a univariate analysis. In these patients, multivariate analysis showed that transplantation using either KIR Bx genotype with KIR2DS3 and/or KIR3DS1 present in donor was related to a trend toward occurrence of cGVHD; although it did not reach to a significant level (P=0.092). Discussion: These findings may imply that 'missing KIR ligand' in recipient is of little importance in our matched non-T-cell depleted HSCT outcome. Whereas, presence of KIR2DS3 and/or KIR3DS1 in donor KIR genotype increases survival in AML patients.

[Farhad Shahsavar, Nader Tajik, Kobra Entezami, Behnam Asadifar, Kamran Alimoghaddam, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh. Donor KIR genotype with KIR2DS3 and/or KIR3DS1 increases survival after non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):17-25] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.04

Key words: NK alloreactivity, Activating KIRs, HLA-identical sibling HSCT

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[Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):26-33] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

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Relationship between institutional ownership and agency cost in investing market of Iran

Jafar Nekounam^*1, Hamid Reza Malak Hossini², Mohsen Ahmadi ³

^*1Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

² Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

jf_nekonam64@yahoo.com

Abstract: The primary aim of companies is wealth growth of owners, then, due to profits conflict, managers won’t obtain maximum of profits for owner or owners. Problem of agency is encouragement agent to make decision that it causes owner (owners) wealth, and by formation relation agency, agency cost make by profit conflict among parties. In this study, it was reviewed relationship between institutional ownership and agency costs of accepted companies in Iran market. In order to do this study, it was selected 94 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in 5 years (2007-2011). It was used to test hypothesis and study relationship between institutional ownership (independent variable) and agency cost (dependent variable) by linear regression model in 95% meaningful level by using software EXCEL and SPSS. Findings indicated that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between institutional ownership level and agency cost, and there is a negative and meaningful relationship between institutional ownership concentration and agency cost.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. Relationship between institutional ownership and agency cost in investing market of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):34-38] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.06

Keywords: agency cost, institutional ownership, institutional ownership level, institutional ownership concentration

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Studying the Strength of Self Compacting Concrete According to the Ratio of Plasticizers and Slump Flow Using Experimental Method

RaminVafaei Pour Sorkhabi ^1,*, Alireza Naseri ²

^1,2 Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author’s: RaminVafaei pour sorkhabi

Abstract: The use of self compacting concrete in concrete structures increasingly has become prevalent in recent years. In this regard, the use of admixtures in this type of concrete and determining the proportion of them will be important. In this study we aimed to, by taking the ratio of powdery materials and plasticizers and the main materials formed concrete mixing, during tests conducted in 4 groups, in laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, we observed adding the powdery materials, 10% to 15%, increased the 28-day strength of concrete. Also results showed that adding plasticizers increase the slump by 40% and reduce water consumption by 20% per cubic meter.

[RaminVafaei Pour Sorkhabi, Alireza Naseri. Studying the Strength of Self Compacting Concrete According to the Ratio of Plasticizers and Slump Flow Using Experimental Method. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):39-42] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.07

Keywords: self compacting concrete, concrete slump, strength of concrete, plasticizer.

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Taxonomic Diversity of Understory Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests

Nader Arbabi¹, Farhad Salami², Fatemeh Forouzesh³, Mohammad Gharehbeglou⁴, Ali Akbar Riyahin⁵,

Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad ⁶

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

^2. General Practitioner, Department of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

^3. General Practitioner, Department of Medicine, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^4. Department of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

^5. Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

^6. Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

mgp_q@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Alopecia areata is a common cause of hair loss. It is an autoimmune disease with a genetic background, and is triggered by stimulating factors such as stress. In this research, the effects of stressful events in patients with alopecia areata were compared to the control group during the last three months prior to the onset of alopecia areata. Method: in this case-control study, 120 patients were studied. After precise examinations, they were divided into two groups of 60 individuals each, one group with alopecia areata and the other one without alopecia areata (control group). In these two groups the level of stress was assessed by stress questionnaire and then compared to each other. At the end, after data collection, the SPSS software, Chi- square test and T test were used to analyze the data. The significant level for interpreting the relationship between variables was 0.05. Results: There was a significant relationship between hair loss and stress, the severity of stress and stressful events among patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and previous studies, we suggest that beside the evaluating endocrine disorders in patients with alopecia areata, they should also receive a consultation from psychologists or psychiatrists as part of the treatment to reduce the severity of the disease and manage stressful events. Also, further studies are recommended in this regard.

[Nader Arbabi, Farhad Salami, Fatemeh Forouzesh, Mohammad Gharehbeglou, Ali Akbar Riyahin, Mohammad Esmaeil Shahrzad. Taxonomic Diversity of Understory Vegetation in Kumaun Himalayan Forests. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):43-48] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.08

Keywords: alopecia areata, hair loss, stress

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The Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm’s Financial Performance:A Comparison between Iranian and Malaysian Listed Companies

Fariba Habibi Rad ¹, Kia Zabihi Sheykh Rajeh ², Ehsan Botyari ³, Ghasem Norouzi Bezminabadi ⁴

^1,3 Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cybejaya, Malaysia.

^2. Faculty of Accounting & Managemant, Mahmoudabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahmoudabad, Iran

^4. Department of Electronic Engineering, Qeshm branch, International Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran

Abstract: This study compares the impact of some corporate governance characteristics on firm performance of 87 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and 96 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between; percentages of directors’ ownership, board size, percentages of non-executive directors, independency of chairman from CEO and performance of 183 companies in Iran and Malaysia between 2006 and 2010. Moreover, leverage ratio and firm size are used as control variables. This study is a practical research; the data is processed and analyzed by multiple regression models using E-views 7 software. The results show that except firm size which has a negative significant relationship with corporate performance, there is no significant association between corporate governance and firm’s performance in Iranian companies’. But for Malaysian companies, the percentages of directors’ ownership, CEO duality, firm size and leverage ratio have significant negative association with firm’s performance.

[Fariba Habibi Rad, Kia Zabihi Sheykh Rajeh, Ehsan Botyari, Ghasem Norouzi Bezminabadi. The Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm’s Financial Performance:A Comparison between Iranian and Malaysian Listed Companies. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):49-55] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.09

Keywords: corporate governance, Tobin’s Q, CEO duality, director’s shareholding, board size, non-executive directors

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The Role of Intellectual Capital in Knowledge-Based Economy

Zahra Mousavi^*1, Zahra Moeinfar², Nasrollah Amouzesh³

^*1Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University Andimeshk, Iran

² Department of Accounting, Deilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Deilam, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

Zmousavi62@yahoo.com

Abstract: The increasing role of knowledge in economy has led to the emergence of the idea of the knowledge-based economy. A knowledge-based economy is an economy which is based on the production, distribution, application and the use of knowledge. There are different definitions for the knowledge-based economy, some of which are as follows. In the knowledge-based economy, the state’s policies, in particular, the policies related to technologies, industry and education require more attention, and the role of economic firms, infrastructures, and creating motivation for investment and training and education is significant. In this respect, the state’s policies should be directed towards creating a cooperative context among the state, the industry and the university, such that this cooperation strengthens, improves and encourages new technologies into all economic sectors and different firms, and facilitates the development of informational infrastructures.

 [Mousavi Z, Moeinfar Z, Amouzesh N. The Role of Intellectual Capital in Knowledge-Based Economy. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):56-60] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.10

Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Knowledge-Based Economy; investment

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Study of Blue Ocean Strategy Effect on the Market Value of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Market

Mohammad Reza Aboujafari, Mohammad Mehdy Farhadnejad, Hamid Reza Fakher, Monireh Bagherzadeh

Payam-Noor University, Golstan Branch, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract: Blue Ocean Strategy is a situation in which companies produce products or services that are different from others and at the same time, stand out of intense competition existing between competitors of the market. These strategies seek to explore the unknown market space and focus on non customers, rather than focusing on the market. Among this, with increasing competition and the recognition of the market dimensions for competitors, companies are moving toward implementation of Blue Ocean Strategy in which rather than focusing on competitions on present demand, it is recommended to explore and create new demand in the market. Therefore, in the present study we sought to examine the impact of blue ocean strategies on the market value of companies listed in the Stock Exchange Market. For this purpose, five hypotheses were formulated, literature and research implications were extracted using the library and for information gathering, questionnaires were used, to test the hypotheses, paired comparisons test was used. In this study, all calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that all five strategies to create a non competitive market environment, making the competitiveness nonsense, create and capture new demand, breaking the substitution of value-cost, aligning the entire system of organization's activities to achieve differentiation and low cost, are effective on firm value. [Aboujafari MR, Farhadnejad MM, Fakher HR, Bagherzadeh M. Study of Blue Ocean Strategy Effect on the Market Value of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):61-70] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.11

Keywords: blue ocean strategy, non competitive market, demand creation, market value, Stock Exchange Market

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The Study of Effect Of earnings surprises and earning management on capital market reactions

Mina lalepour

M.A, Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran. Lalepour_m@yahoo.com

Abstract: Stock market reacts differently for advertisements and news of companies. In some cases the reaction of investors is not logical and causes some abnormalities such as great increases or decreases in prices and as a result of it the creation of abnormal returns in capital market. Thus, investors react to the new news published in the market. In the present research, following the previous ones, we have studied the stock market reaction of firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange towards unexpected earning and the interactions among unexpected earnings and earnings management. The statistical society for the present research involves 120 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange which were chosen by an omitting sampling method. The results of testing research hypotheses approved the positive effects of unexpected earnings and qualitative characteristic of earning on price stock of companies.

[Lalepour, M.^. The Study of Effect Of earnings surprises and earning management on capital market reactions. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):71-74] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.12

Keywords: price stock, unexpected earnings, earnings management, capital market reactions

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Psychometric Characteristics of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in anIranian Sample

¹Maryam Alagheband, ²Naser Mohamadi Ahmadabadi, ³ Marjan Masoomi Fard

¹Department of general Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

²Faculty member of PNU

³Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a brief self-report questionnaire that retrospectively assesses childhood abuse experiences among adolescents and adults. The goal of this paper is to investigate validity, reliability and factor structure of the CTQ in an Iranian sample. The sample consists of 400 guidance school students that selected through multiple-steps random sampling from guidance schools in Tehran. All students were asked to complete Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Norouzie’s child abuse questionnaire. To examine the reliability of the CTQ, methods of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ), Split-Half and re were used. The coefficients, that obtained from these methods, respectively were 0.90, 0.75 and 0.94 showing that this scale had acceptable reliability. validity was assessed using concurrent validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis and correlation of subscales with each other and with the total scale. The results of factor analysis using varimax rotation showed four factors: 1. Emotional Abuse (EA), 2. Physical Abuse (PA), 3. Emotional Neglect (EN), 4. Physical Neglect (PN). Furthermore, the correlation of subscales with each other and correlation of the total score of CTQ and concurrent validity scales were significant and as expected. The findings of this study suggest that the CTQ is a reliable and valid measure of Childhood Trauma in Iranian guidance school students.

[Alagheband M, Mohamadi Ahmadabadi N, Masoomi Fard M. Psychometric Characteristics of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in anIranian Sample. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):75-80] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.13

Keywords: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Factor Analysis, Validity, Reliability

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The Relationship between Branding and Performance Indicators (Qa’em Hospital of Mashahd City; 2008)

¹Mansoor Delpasand, ²Masood Shahabi, ³Zanganeh, ⁴Asgar Hedayati, ⁵Abolfazal Nafisi

¹MA in Health Care Management, Social Security Organization. Ayatollah Kashani hospital,Tehran, Iran, delpasandm@yahoo.com

²MA in Health Care Management Moharram

³MA in Health Care Management, Hamadan, Iran

⁴Social Security Organization, Ayatollah Kashani hospital, Tehran, Iran

⁵MA in Health Care Management, Social Security Organization, editor in chief, mashhad, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: Personality of a brand is known as the core and the closest variable in customer’s decision to choose. Branding is a new phenomenon in the sector of health care services. This study aims to determine the relationship between branding and performance in Qa’em hospital of Mashhad city. Study Method: The type of this study is correlation – cross sectional and has been carried out in the second half of 2008. Data on the created hotelling brands were collected by attending the hospital, interviewing authorities, observing the changes in study place, and studying performance indicators with the help of the statistics center of hospital and by studying the gathered materials. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS12 and Paires-Sample T-Test. Findings: No significant statistical relation was observed between branding and the mean value of variations in the number of patients (p= 0.453). There were significant statistical relations between the performed hotelling branding and variations in the mean value of bed occupancy percent (p= 0.000), bed circulation (p= 0.016), and emptiness ratio (p= 0.012). Discussion: Branding is effective in the improvement of hospital performance in the competitive environments in which they seek to attract selective patients.

[Delpasand M, Shahabi M, Zanganeh, Hedayati A, Nafisi A. The Relationship between Branding and Performance Indicators (Qa’em Hospital of Mashahd City; 2008). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):81-85] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.14

Keywords: Branding, Hospital, Indicator, Performance, Medical Sciences University of Mashahd

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Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Heat Treated P/M Parts, Infiltrated By Copper

Hassan Izadi Gonabadi

Tehran University, Iran

Abstract: In this study, the effect of infiltration and heat-hardened treatment and return on physical and mechanical properties of ferrous powder metallurgy products were studied. For this purpose and to prepare ferrous powder and copper powder samples, each powder mixture separately were prepared in a form of a cuboid with floating matrix under tension of 500 MPa dense and crude blocks of iron and copper. For conducting infiltration, a copper sample was placed on each iron sample and this inter-furnace set with reduction atmosphere was sintered in temperature of 1150oC during 30 minutes. A number of samples were austenitized at a temperature of 850 and 925^oC for 10 minutes and then after quenching in oil for 2 h were returned at 250^oC. Samples were under tensile, hardness measurement, dimensional changes, open porosity and density determination tests. Results show improvement of strength and hardness coincide with increased flexibility in infiltration. Also under the effect of heat treatment, strength and hardness are increased, but flexibility is reduced. Infiltration with copper and heat hardened treatment lead to dimensional changes as fluff in samples.

[Izadi Gonabadi H. Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Heat Treated P/M Parts, Infiltrated By Copper. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):86-91] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.15

Keywords: Powder Metallurgy, infiltration, heat treatment, physical properties, mechanical properties

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An Investigation of Customers’ Viewpoints on the Factors that affect Customers Satisfaction, by Using Improved Kano’s Model (Case Study: A private bank in Tehran)

Mehdi Porfathi haft cheshmeh, Salar Faridpour, Elsa Sotoudeh, Parisa Ghasemi

Department of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, West Azarbayjan, Iran.

Abstract: No organization can survive without customer. The secret of organizations’ permanency is their customers. Customer satisfaction is a concept that is further paid attention in today’s business since satisfied customers are the main component of organizational success. If banks did not manage to satisfy their customers, they would not survive and prosper. Indeed, banking has to perceive customers needs and demands and satisfy them in competition with its rivals. In this study, library research, internet resources, and field research are employed to investigate customers’ views on the effective factors in customers satisfaction using improved Kano’s model. This study is an applied and descriptive-survey research from the viewpoints of purpose and information collecting method, respectively. Its statistical population is the customers of a private bank in Tehran and the number of analyzed statistical samples is 302 persons who were selected using stratified sampling method. The information collecting tool is questionnaire which a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.832 confirmed its reliability. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected by questionnaire. Based on the results, “providing customers with financial consultancy” and “withdrawal of money from current account by ATM card” have the highest priorities in the case of attractive requirements. In the case of performance requirements, “duration of waiting in line” and “friendly and intimate attitude of bank employees” have the highest priority. “Checking credit balance” and “getting bank statement via internet” also have the highest priorities in the case of basic requirements, while the highest priorities in indifference requirements case involve “broadcast of bank advertisements in media” and “reading advertisements in newspaper”. Some suggestions have also been made at the end of this paper to further improve bank’s customers satisfaction level.

[Porfathi haft cheshmeh M, Faridpour S, Sotoudeh E, Ghasemi P. An Investigation of Customers’ Viewpoints on the Factors that affect Customers Satisfaction, by Using Improved Kano’s Model (Case Study: A private bank in Tehran). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):92-98] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.16

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Basic Requirements, Performance Requirements, Attractive Requirements, Kano’s Model

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An Investigation of Customer Expectations and Perceived Quality of Provided Services (Case Study: Daroupakhsh Veterinary-Drugs Distribution Company)

Amir Abbas Sabbagh

Abstract: Organizations and companies have to provide customers with an acceptable quality of services if they want to survive and prosper in competitive markets. Considering this fact, the present study aims to investigate the service quality offered by Daroupakhsh veterinary-drugs distribution company using SERVQUAL model. Daroupakhsh veterinary-drugs distribution company sells its products wholesale to retailers. Thus, the marketing and sales personnel of the products distributers, which are considered as customers of the company, are taken as the statistical population of the study. The variables are evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. The study assumptions are tested by one-sample and paired-samples t-tests. According to the results from paired-samples t-test, there is a significant difference between the expected quality and the perceived quality in the case of “Physical Facilities and Equipment”, “Reliability”, and “Assurance” aspects, while the difference in observed medians of “Responsiveness” and “Communion” aspects are not significant. In other words, the company has managed to satisfy customers expectations in these two aspects.

[Sabbagh A.A. An Investigation of Customer Expectations and Perceived Quality of Provided Services (Case Study: Daroupakhsh Veterinary-Drugs Distribution Company). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):99-109] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.17

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality, Drug Distributing Company, SERVQUAL

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Studying the relationship of the competitor derogation tactics with gender, marital status and temporal context (short term / long term) and to assess the impact of the competitor derogation tactics on both sexes

¹Saba Ajdari, ²Ali Delavar, ³Mohammadali Mazaheri, ⁴ Hassan Ahadi

1. Department of Psychology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2. Professor of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University

3. Associate professor of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University

4. Professor of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University

Abstract: In the present study, the relationship of the competitor derogation tactics with gender, marital status and temporal context (short term / long term) and also the impact of the competitor derogation tactics on both sexes are studied. The study population consists of the students of Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Tehran Branch. A sample consisting of 420 subjects was selected using random sampling. Competitor derogation test was carried out in this sample and chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that competitor derogation tactics that are used by both sexes are different: women most often use the tactics that include appearance derogation and the reproduction ability in the rival, and men often use resources derogation tactics, or ability to obtain resources in the rivals of the same sex. Using competitor derogation tactics has also differences based on marital status and type of relationship base on temporal context (short term / long term). Also it was shown that there is a significant difference between the sexes in terms of the influence of the competitor derogation tactics.

[Ajdari S, Delavar A, Mazaheri M, Ahadi H. Studying the relationship of the competitor derogation tactics with gender, marital status and temporal context (short term / long term) and to assess the impact of the competitor derogation tactics on both sexes. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):110-121] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.18

Keywords: competitor derogation, temporal context (short term / long term)

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Study of regional reorganizational plan effects of paragraph 3 of article 97 in direct tax law and its performance on tax efficiency

Soghra Mirzaei, Dr. Amir Mohammadzade, Dr. Mohsen Torabian

Department of Management and Accounting, Qazvin branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

 Abstract: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of regional reorganizational plan of paragraph 3 of article 97 in direct taxes law and its tax performance. If the organization of tax affairs wants to continue its survival as well as the development of community approaching to an appropriate place along with the most suitable source of revenue for the government, there must be urgent issues fulfilled in which this make the related tax organization to determine the effective factors and its own performance as well. This research aimed to access to the same targets: four questionnaires were distributed to collect data and information. 26 individuals from Zanjan and Qazvin provinces, as auditors and 66 ones were employed in legal entities tax auditor were selected randomly. Also, in these two provinces, 53 taxpayers who were qualified for this study were chosen for this study and also, a questionnaire was distributed among 35 ones who were qualified and employed in the organization of tax affairs. Single sample t-student and Willcoxen tests were used for the hypotheses of the research and also Kruskal Wallis test was applied for raking the significance of the variables and questions of the questionnaire. It is specified that using expertise and skillful auditors causes to increase the efficiency of taxpayers, recovery of tax culture, unity and cohesion among issuing the comments of tax and taxpayers affairs at well.

[Mirzaei S, Mohammadzade A, Torabian M. Study of regional reorganizational plan effects of paragraph 3 of article 97 in direct tax law and its performance on tax efficiency. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):122-128] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.19

Key words: Tax efficiency, auditor, tax culture, processing unity, tax compliance

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Ice Skating School Students with Disabilities in Hearing Computer Aided Investigation of Basic Training Motor in Properties

Ahmet ŞİRİNKAN

Department of Recreation College of Physical Educatıon and Sport, Atatürk University, Turkey

asirinkan@hotmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to apply ice skating training to primary school students with hearing impaired through a computer aided way and to examine the effects of this application. 22 students as control group and 20 students as experimental group from Erzurum Dede Korkut Primary School for children with hearing impaired participated in this study. Experimental group was comprised of 7 female and 13 male students and their ages were between 10-15. Control group was comprised of 8 female and 14 male students. Studies and researches were carried out twice a week, each day comprising of 60-90 minutes and lasted 3 months (12 weeks). Basic techniques of ice skating training (basic position, approaching, V position and skating, a lemon movement, half lemon, turns in clockwise and counter-clockwise, cross steps, positions, snow plow, keen edge, backsliding, back cross-over) were taught to primary school students with hearing impaired. Power-point, video presentation and slide images were used in training of students in experimental group. No digital material was used in training of students in control group. Records were made by applying prepared observation forms and EUROFIT tests in the first and last week of training. Statistical methods such as frequency (f), percentage (%), average (X), standard deviation (SS) and t test were applied in analysis of data by using SSPS 16.00 package program. At the end of research, whereas significant progress (p>0.05 percentage) of ice skating basic techniques such as basic position, approaching, V position and skating, a lemon movement, half lemon, turns in clockwise and counter-clockwise, cross steps, positions, snow plow, keen edge, backsliding, back cross-over was observed in experimental group, no significant progress in learning of these techniques was observed in control group. No progress findings were obtained in hand grip strength, leg and back strength.

[ŞİRİNKAN A. Ice Skating School Students with Disabilities in Hearing Computer Aided Investigation of Basic Training Motor in Properties. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):129-136] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.20

Key Word: Defined, Ice Skating, Eurofit Tests, Observation Form

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A Novel Tracing and Localization Inspector Robot Based on Pipelines Flexibility

Sattar Khalili¹, Vahid Ghaneh Ahary², Yashar Hamidzadeh³, Fateme Tagizadeh⁴, Farnaz Nazari⁵

1- Department of Mechatronic,Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

S-khalili@iau-ahar.ac.ir

2- Department of Mechatronic, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Vahid_ahari@yahoo.com

3- Department of Mechatronic, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Hamidzadeh.y@gmail.com

4- Department of Mechatronic, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Tagizadeh_fateme@yahoo.com

5- Department of Mechatronic, Ahar branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

Nazari@iau-ahar.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper combines two different robotic modules to form an integrated module for inspection of underground oil pipelines. It also discusses the tracing and localization technology of wireless robots inside pipelines. The main concern of this technique is to establish a reliable communication between inside and outside of metal pipelines. Based on the satellite multiple measuring module principle, the main purpose of pipeline positioning module (GPS) is to trace long distances and localize defects around desired location. This study seeks a method of low-power-consuming communication module design as well as a communication protocol. Field tests approved the efficiency of tracing and localization module so that it can be used by various types of pipeline-inspecting robots to provide automatic movement.

[Khalili S, Ghaneh Ahary V, Hamidzadeh Y, Tagizadeh F, Nazari F. A Novel Tracing and Localization Inspector Robot Based on Pipelines Flexibility. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):137-141] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.21

Keywords: Tracing and Localization Module, Pipeline, Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Pulse, Inspector Robot

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Share Price Behaviour of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies

Ms. S. Padmavathy¹, Dr. J. Ashok²

¹Asst. Professor, Department of Management Studies, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India -638052. padmaarasu@gmail.com.

²Professor, School of Management Studies, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathy, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the share price behaviour of Indian Pharma Companies which enter into merger activity during the year 2007-2011. An event study was conducted to find out the abnormal return gained by 16 companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE). The behaviour of Abnormal Return (AR), Average Abnormal Return (ARR), Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR) were computed for 20 days before the merger announcements and 20 days after the event day by comparing the closing price of the Acquiring companies with that of the Nifty (NSE Index) The study found that the announcement of merger has no impact on the movements of the share price and no significant abnormal return is gained during the event window of 41 days (i.e., -20 to +20) by the Acquiring companies’ shareholders. Therefore the study concluded that a merger announcement has no impact on the Pharmaceutical industry of the Indian stock market during the study period 2007 to 2011.

[S. Padmavathy, J. Ashok. Share Price Behaviour of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):142-146]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.22

Key words: Merger Announcements, Abnormal return, Event study, Test statistics

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Management of Electronic city with Electronic municipality

Ali Zeynali Azim * (Corresponding author), Shohreh Bagherzadeh kasiri

Department of Architecture, Osku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Osku, Iran

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship management in electronic city with electronic municipality. Since today with the advancement of electronic information technology are all the cities of the world, The management of these areas should also be done electronically. This requires local governments (municipalities) are electronically Architecture and Design, Needed services to citizens through special services in electronic form, all day and night, 24 hours a day, seven days a week to provide. Most people live in the world we face in the real and virtual experience. Moreover, the growing phenomenon of urbanization in most cities, to reduce problems caused by urbanization and pollution in cities, the best solution is to create electronic cities. This paper is about to review, the main features of e-city in relation to the management of e-cities through electronic municipalities do. The investigation and findings of other researchers, to avoid the problems of urban management, best practices, build electronic cities, authorities along with Electronic municipality (e-local government) is.

[Zeynali Azim A, Bagherzadeh kasiri Sh. Management of Electronic city with Electronic municipality. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):147-150] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.23

Keywords: Electronic city, Urban management, electronic municipality

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A Computational Geometry technique for Supporting Multiplayer Online Games

Farhad Ranjbar Helan, Shahriar Lotfi

Electronic, Computer Engineering, Information Technology Department

Islamic Azad University Qazvin Branch, Iran

Computer Sciences Group, Tabriz University, Iran

Ite1867@eaedu.org, Farhad.Ranjbar@qazviniau.ac.ir, Shahriar_Lotfi@tabriz.ac.ir

Abstract– This paper presents a geometric technique to support multiplayer online games on a peer-to-peer system. Assumption in this paper is based on the fact that players are more interested in their region of visibility and influence than in the other regions. We use a computational geometry technique – Voronoi Diagram – to partition the game space into regions. The players in a region communicate with other players through the coordinator of the region. The resulting system scales up with the number of players and is able to distribute region updates in a scalable manner. We also propose techniques for fault tolerance in the wake of node failures. We have simulated a simple game to prove the efficiency of this technique.

[Ranjbar Helan F, Lotfi L. A Computational Geometry technique for Supporting Multiplayer Online Games. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):151-158] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.24

Keywords – Peer-to-Peer, Multiplayer Game, Voronoi Diagram, Net Games.

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Human resources empowerment factors analysis for municipality of Tehran

1- Nobarie Idishe, Somaye: Master Student of Trade Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Azarbayejane sharghi- Azarbayejane sharghi- Iran

2- Nikpoor, Amin: PhD Student of Public Management, Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch- Kerman- Iran

3- Chamani fard, Rahele: PhD Student of Public Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Kerman- Kerman- Iran

Address: No.13, 36 Alley, Emam Khomeini Str. Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran

Tel: 09131982168, s_nobary@yahoo.com;nikpour2003@yahoo.com, sh_chamanifard@yahoo.com

Abstract: Employees’ empowerment is one of the effective techniques for increase the Productivity of employees and the optimism utilization of their ability. The purpose of recent research is to determine the effective factors for empowerment of human resources in the municipality of Tehran. This is one of the kind’s correlation researches that have been done by the method of survey. Statistical population of research including managers and vice presidents of Tehran municipality has been in the exactly twenty two regions. Sampling had been done by random and the number of 240 persons had been selected as research sample. The tool of collecting information are walas and storm’s standard questionnaire and has been used the methods of descriptive and deductive statistic in order to analyze the data. The findings of research show that there is a positive connection among the variables of leadership style, organizational learning, organizational structure, Participation. The variable of Participation has had the most effect over the employees’ empowerment of municipality and the variables of organizational learning, leadership style and organizational structure have been in next ranks.

[Nobarie Idishe S, - Nikpoor A, Chamani fard R. Human resources empowerment factors analysis for municipality of Tehran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):159-166] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.25

Key words: Empowerment, Human Resource Management, Organizational Structure, Leadership Style, Organizational Learning, Participation

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Psychometric characteristics of the General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) in an Iranian sample

¹Maryam Alagheband, ²Naser Mohamadi Ahmadabadi, ³Abbas Salmani Abdollahi

¹Department of general Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

²Faculty member of PNU

³Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to assess psychological well-being. The goal of this paper was to investigate validity, reliability and factor structure of the GWB-18 in an Iranian student sample. The sample consisted of 434 students (242 girls, 192 boys) with average age of 20.38. These students were selected through multiple steps random sampling from Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran Gharb, Olom -o- Tahghighat and Elm-o-Farhang Universities. All students asked to complete General Well-Being Schedule, General Health Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Satisfaction With Life Scale and Negative and Positive Affect Scales. To examine the reliability of the GWB, method of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) were used, and validity was assessed using concurrent validity and Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of factor analysis using varimax rotation showed three factors: 1. psychological distress, 2. well-being and vitality, 3. general health. Results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this finding. Internal consistency of the scale was 0.85 showing that this scale had acceptable internal consistency. The correlation coefficient between of the GWB-18 subscale and concurrent validity scales were significant and in the expected direction. The results of this study suggest that the GWB is a reliable and valid measure of psychological well-being in Iranian university students.

[Alagheband M, Mohamadi Ahmadabadi N, Salmani Abdollahi A. Psychometric characteristics of the General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) in an Iranian sample. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):167-173] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.26

Key terms: Factor analysis, General Well-Being Schedule, validity, reliability

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Effect of Cement Consumption Optimization on Durability and Mechanical properties of Concrete

M.Hoseini Tabatabai ¹, M.layegh Rafat², E. Jafarpour Moghadam³

¹ Faculty Member of Zabol University
² Teacher Islamic Azad University, Zabol
³ Civil engineering student at International University in Zahedan

Abstract: various regulations have always discussed the mixing ratio in concrete mixtures. This study investigates the durability and compressive strength of the concrete samples with water/cement ratios of 0.41 and 0.44 and different cement contents varying from 300 to 400 kg.m^-3. Results showed that neither a constant water/cement ratio nor the reduction of cement content has an undesirable effect on compressive strength. Nonetheless, this even can enhance the concrete durability in some instances. Naturally, the decline of water/cement ratio affects the concrete efficiency but concrete slump can be kept at an acceptable level by addition of admixtures.

[Hoseini Tabatabai M, layegh Rafat M, Jafarpour Moghadam E. Effect of Cement Consumption Optimization on Durability and Mechanical properties of Concrete. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):174-177] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.27

Keywords: Concrete Mixing, Durability, Compressive Strength, Water/Cement Ratio

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Separation of Hydrocarbons from Refinery Effluents Using PTFE Membrane by Membrane Distillation

Jafar hamidzadeh^*, Mouzafar isobauve

^* Department of chemistry, Faculty of basic sciences, Islamic azad university, Gorgan branch, Gorgan, Iran

Jafar.hamidzadeh@yahoo.com, Cordin@index.ru

Abstract: Separation is one of the most important steps in a chemical process so that a major part of energyis used for separation, concentration and purification. Fro the same reason, considerable work has been done to improve traditional processes and develop the savings technologies in regarding energy usage. Because of complexity and high cost of current processes, membrane separation technology has been recently examined as a good alternative. Membrane distillation (MD) has been taken into consideration as a new membrane distillation process enables to separate particles as tiny and petite as 0.1-7nm This process functions in low temperature between 30-90ºC that needs little source of energy besides high economic benefit. In membrane distillation (MD) process a hydrophobic membrane is utilized in contact with an input food solution. The base is on vapor-liquid equilibrium. In this paper, while describing membrane distillation, the parameters influencing MD as well as the laboratory system used were studied.

[hamidzadeh J, Isobauve M. Separation of Hydrocarbons from Refinery Effluents Using PTFE Membrane by Membrane Distillation. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):178-184] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.28

Keywords: Membrane distillation nanometer particles, Vapor - liquid equilibrium, Flexibility, Azeotrope solution

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Evaluation of Staff Efficiency Using the Combined Model of Neuro/DEA (Case Study: Operational Unit of Gilan Province Gas Company)

¹Nabahat Choobdari Namin, ¹Bita Baradaran Jamili, ²Hojat Allah Kalvandi

¹Executive Master of Business Administration

²Master of Business Management

nabahatchoobdari@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays, human resources are of fundamental importance to organizational success and also have a considerable effect on organizational efficiency. Therefore, it is important to investigate human resources performance in the case of organizational studies. In this study, the operational unit of Gilan Province Gas Company was selected to investigate its personnel efficiency. Two combinational models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) were used for efficiency analysis and ranking. Firstly, the analysis results obtained from Neuro/DEA were compared to DEA results and then, a comparison was made between the trained networks models. Analysis results show that the training method of second model compared to the first one illustrates the potential ability of neural networks in pattern recognition, function estimation, and efficiency prediction. Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate the organizations with fewer decision making units. On this basis, this study suggests the combinational model of Neuro/DEA 2 as the dominant model.

[Choobdari Namin N, Baradaran Jamili B, Allah Kalvandi H. Evaluation of Staff Efficiency Using the Combined Model of Neuro/DEA (Case Study: Operational Unit of Gilan Province Gas Company). Life Sci J 2013;10(185):185-191] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.29

Keywords: Evaluation, Personnel Efficiency, Gas Company, Combinational Model of Neuro/DEA

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Simultaneous Application of Electrochemical and Coagulation Processes in Surface Water Treatment

D Rabbani¹, M Bigdeli^2* AH Mahvi ^3, H Akbari ⁴ 

¹Department of Environmental Health Eng., Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.

²Department of Environmental Health Eng., Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran, M.S student. *corresponding author.

³Department of Environmental Health Eng., Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran.

⁴Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.

Abstract: Background and Aim of the study: coagulants have been being used for long to treat surface water and reduction of their use can bring about great economic advantages. Various studies have been reported the acceptable effect of electrochemical process on turbidity elimination. Nonetheless, the effect of simultaneous application of these two processes has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the effect of simultaneous application of electrochemical and coagulation processes on the reduction of coagulant use in surface water treatment. Materials and Methods: this study is experimental type which has been carried out on laboratory scale in a closed system. Water samples were weekly taken from Karaj river-Bilaghan basin during April and their optimum amount of Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃) and pH were determined by Jar test. Then, the simultaneous effects of electrochemical and coagulation processes was assessed. Electrochemical process was applied to samples for one minute using iron electrodes along with intense stirring. Turbidity of samples was measured according to the standard method. Results: the optimum amounts of Ferric Chloride and pH were found to be 50 mg.l^-1 and 8.5, respectively. After processing, the average turbidity of samples decreased from 9.43 NTU to 0.78 NTU. The simultaneous application of electrochemical process with an electrical current of 0.1 A along with the coagulation process using 25 mg.l^-1 and 37.5 mg.l^-1 of Ferric Chloride reduced the average turbidity by 89.19% and 90.22%, respectively. Conclusion: results showed that simultaneous application of electrochemical process with a current density of 0.315 mA.cm^-2 can reduce the concentration of coagulant by half of its optimum amount.

[D Rabbani, M Bigdeli, AH Mahvi, H Akbari. Simultaneous Application of Electrochemical and Coagulation Processes in Surface Water Treatment. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):192-198] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.30

Keywords: Water, Turbidity, Chemical Process

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Persian Economy in the Reign of the Qājār Dynasty

Forouzan Adibfar

The faculty member of Farhangian university.

F.Adibfar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Persian economy, during the reign of the Qājār dynasty, depended mainly upon traditional farming. Rural and nomadic populations used to comprise 75 percent of the national population. Global changes in politics and economy influenced Persia by changing its agricultural pattern. Moreover, the autocratic Qājār government, colonial competitions of the European countries in Persia had serious damages to its handicrafts and new industries, making its business too slack. [Adibfar F. Persian Economy in the Reign of the Qājār Dynasty. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):199-202] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.31

Keywords: Persian; Economy; Reign; Qājār; Dynasty

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The impact of brand credibility on customer satisfaction in the banking industry in the North West of Iran

Amir Atarodian

Faculty of Management University of Tehran

Abstract: Today the importance of brand has been grow, especially business places try to understand the complex and intangible messages to communicate with customers. Hence, brand image and credibility of a brand is an important asset of company. While researchers for decades have come to understand that a good credibility, increase people’ tendency to buy products. Today, marketing from its primary mode that is formed to customer satisfaction has become as a means to achieve the goal of competitive advantage that is considered. In this research, the impact of brand evidence, brand communications, attitudes to brand, re-purchase intent, brand reliability, brand credibility and customer satisfaction and loyalty has been tested. To test this hypothesis, the population of the North West Banks is used. Data were collected by questionnaires and paired comparison test was used to test the hypotheses. In this study, all calculations were performed using SPSS software. The results obtained are as follows: reliability of the brand, brand validity, evidence of the brand and brand communications has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has positive effect on attitudes toward the brand, loyalty and re purchase intention.

[Atarodian A. The impact of brand credibility on customer satisfaction in the banking industry in the North West of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):203-210] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.32

 Keywords: brand validity, customer satisfaction, loyalty, banking industry.

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The methodology for reconstruction significance of transportation network links under the flood damage

Ali Mansour Khaki, Afshin Shariat Mohaymany, Seyyed Hossein Sadati Baladehi, Azam Elyasi Gorji

Associate professor of civil faculty, Iran University of Science & Technology

Assistant professor of civil faculty, Iran University of Science & Technology

Islamic Azad University, gorgan branch, gorgan, Iran, phone: 00989111526548

Islamic Azad University, Kordkuy branch, Kordkuy, Iran, phone: 00989112574189

Hossein_sadati51@yahoo.com

Abstract: The significance of the transportation network links in the reconstruction period of flood crisis occurrence depends on variety characteristics. One of these characteristics is the accessibility index in the road transportation network. Each of the network links plays a different role in creating the accessibility inside and outside the road transportation network. The more paramount this role is, the more significance that link would be in the network. In the present investigation, reconstruction significance of different link of the Golestan province road network has been determined based on the accessibility index and probability of flood damage. In this paper, for estimation of probability of flood damage, the flood peak was determined based on the maximum daily discharge. In order to assess the flood peak for different return period’s frequency analysis (HYFA) software was used. Finally, the probability of flood damage as a result of destruction of the bridges due to flood was determined. For estimation accessibility index, the roads network was modeled by EMME2 software and then, the network was loaded based on daily traffic volumes. The accessibility index based on the traffic volume was determined and assessed before and after flood. The probability of flood damage is utilized as a coefficient for the accessibility index in the paper. According to the obtained values, the degrees of significance of the different network links were prioritized in the occurrence of flood. The reconstruction significance of different links of road network has been determined based on probability of flood damage multiplied by accessibility index. Generally, it can be concluded that merely using the accessibility index does not suffice in reconstruction significance the transportation network links against flood. Consequently, another index needs to be assessed simultaneously with the accessibility index. This index is in fact the probability of the destruction of the bridge due to flood. In the composed index, a merged form of these two proposals has been presented. [Khaki A.M, Shariat Mohaymany A, Sadati Baladehi S.H, Elyasi Gorji A.^.The methodology for reconstruction significance of transportation network links under the flood damage. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):211-221] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.33

Keyword: accessibility index, bridges, probability of flood damage, returns period, traffic volume

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Study of Role of Sales and Marketing Information Systems in Companies’ Sales Rate Increase

Nabahat Choobdari Namin

Nabahatchoobdari@yahoo.com

Abstract: The modern condition of business environments has made use of some processes and systems to control effects of such environments and continuity of activity through the organizations “inevitable”. From among these processes and systems, it can be referred to the most important one i.e. sales and marketing information system. This research was carried out with the aim of studying role of sales and marketing information systems in increase of companies’ sales rate through the use of descriptive-survey research method. The present study includes seven (7) hypotheses. Senior managers and marketing managers of four chocolate production companies are considered subject of this study, in which, its sample size was calculated 150 persons through the use of Cochran Formula. Simple random sampling method was used for selecting sample. Questionnaire was used for collecting data. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0.96 through Cronbach’s Alpha Method. The results of statistical tests showed that sales and marketing information systems are effective in increase of companies’ sales rate.

[Choobdari Namin N. Study of Role of Sales and Marketing Information Systems in Companies’ Sales Rate Increase. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):222-228] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.34

Keywords: Marketing Information Systems, Marketing Information Technologies, Improving Product Quality, Increasing Sales

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Zonation of Excavation risk according to regions in Tehran

Reza Aslzad, Dr Lutfullah Turanli

Middle East Technical University

Abstract: Several reports on Excavation in Tehran and resulted risk have been released every year. Though, no estimation of the risk has been recorded. The present paper aims to base on various Fire reports in an 18month-period and classifying the damages including death, physical and financial losses prepare a model firstly in order to weight these damages. Then provide a map of available risks by use of data. The model is designed according to level of injury. The results show that the worst situation belongs to regions 13 and 14. Also, due to lack of clear information the 9, 10 and 11 regions were excluded. It should be said that the obtained map could be used for urban management from one hand and constructors and contactors on the other hand. Final conclusions indicate that the problems pertaining to Excavation not rely on soil conditions however more on lack of engineering information in field of Excavation as well as economic dominance on engineering activities.

[Aslzad R, Turanli L.^. Zonation of Excavation risk according to regions in Tehran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):229-233] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.35

Key words: zonation, Excavation, Tehran, risk, Ranking

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Identification and prioritizing of effective factors on knowledge management system success using AHP technique

Zohal Ebrahimi

Student in field of Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Department of Management in Kerman. Zohal.Ebrahimi@gmail.com

Abstract: Knowledge management (KM) is a process give support to an organization makes huge from small power. The knowledge management (KM) is identified as a novel method for organization management and distribution of its available intellectual and scientific resources. Executing the knowledge management (KM) involves preparing the appropriate backgrounds. Of these backgrounds, required coordination among different organizational components is one. In the present research, thorough meticulous study of major success factors in execution of knowledge management (KM) performed by various researchers and scholars either theoretically or empirically, 5 core factors have been recognized. In following, based on these major factors as well as related components, a tool in form of a questionnaire was developed to determine their significance and priority from knowledge management experts’ viewpoint. Certain statistical tests during the survey were applied to measure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire including structural validity assessed via factor analysis method. Regarding the experts’ remarks and hierarchical technique, these factors were weighed and prioritized. The prioritizing of the effective factors on the management system achievement are, 1) being a learning organization, 2) organizational culture, 3) knowledge management strategy, 4) leadership and 5) creation of motivation respectively.

[Ebrahimi Z. Identification and prioritizing of effective factors on knowledge management system success using AHP technique. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):234-245] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.36

Key words: major success factors, knowledge management, analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

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Ranking of Mashhad Urban Areas Quality Based on Area Separation

Sanaz Javadzadeh

Payam Noor University, urmia, Iran

Abstract: In the world today, one of the management indices, including urban management, is the stakeholders’ levels of satisfaction from the received services. Therefore, citizens’ opinion about these services is an important issue. In this article, it is trying to rank Mashhad urban areas based on factors such as cultural and securityindices, citizens’ access to daily services andpedestrian movements. Research method is quantitative and results are presented in the form of an arena plan on quality of urban services. Results indicate that areas of 11, 5, 9, and 12, have the highest-rankings, areas of 4, 8, 6, 10, and 7 have the average-rankings and finally areas of 1, 2, 3, and Samen region have the lowest-rankings of Mashhad urban quality and are considered as improper areas for citizens’ use.

[Javadzadeh S. Ranking of Mashhad Urban Areas Quality Based on Area Separation. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):246-252] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.37

Key words: Quality, Urban, Ranking, Mashhad

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Symbolism in architecture and its impact on the design of contemporary public buildings in Iran

¹Seyyed Abbas Hosseini, ²Dr. Shahryar Shaghaghi G. *

¹student of M.A. in Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar branch,Dep. of Art & Architecture.

E-mail: a_archpm@yahoo.com

²PH.D in Urban Design, M.A. in Architecture, Islamic Azad University-Shabestar branch – Dep. of Art & Arch.

*Corresponding author: Shahryar Shaghaghi G., email: sh.shagagi53@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Symbolism as ameans ofconveyingwordsand pictures has approximated many works of Persian architecture in the formand meaning. Thus it seems so important to study the iconicandsymbolicelementsof Persian architecture due to the status of signs and symbols and their application in architecture. Inthispaper,weseek tofind andreview theroles ofsymbolsin Persian architecture. Also we attempt to take advantageof the cultural and physical signs and symbols in Persian architecture which have caused the formationof identity andplace valueof ourarchitecturalspaces and have recorded it as theeternalsymbolinour history.

[Abbas Hosseini S, Shaghaghi Sh. Symbolism in architecture and its impact on the design of contemporary public buildings in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):253-257] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.38

KEYWORDS: symbol, sign, Persian architecture, contemporary public buildings in Iran

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Urban management of Iran after city council establishment (local governments)

Shohre Bagherzadeh Kasiri ^* (Corresponding author), Ali Zeinali Azim

Department of Architecture, Osku Branch, Islamic Azad University, Osku, Iran

Abstract: Present study examines the urban management of Iran after city council establishment (local government).Due to lack of necessary coordination at different levels of performance, monitoring and implementation, affairs management of cities in the world, especially in third world countries have been faced with many problems. In Iran, that is not an exception to this rule, city council has been formed to manage cities in order to solve urban problems. Forming local governments, urban management has entered new stage. Although urban problems have solved partly by establishing these institutions, there are new problems in this context. The main goal of research in urban management after establishing city council (local governments) in term of effectiveness of councils is planning, implementation, monitoring in urban management as well as making appropriate context to operate councils in coordination with urban institutions in order to achieve integrated management. The results showed that the performance of urban management in Iran after establishing councils (public institutions), was appropriate.

[Bagherzadeh kasiri Sh, Zeynali Azim A. Urban management of Iran after city council establishment (local governments). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):258-262] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.39

Keywords: management, urban management, urban management integration, the Council

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The interpretation of sedimentary sequence of Dorood formation in North West of Tabriz

Rahim Mahari

Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

rr.mahari@yahoo.com, mahari@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: The significant expansion of Permian sediments in Morrow Mountain is exposed in North of Tabriz. Dorood formation is the first unit of these deposits. This formation is consists of clastic facies that its thickness is about 102 meters, which are lied discontinuous on Devonian igneous rocks and are covered with discontinuities by Ruteh (Middle Permian)limestones. The Permian red facies in the North West of Tabriz are included para-conglomerate, micro- conglomerate, and quartz arenite, sublitharenite, litharenite and shale. Sedimentary structures that formed in these beds and geometry. shape and lateral and vertical expansion of sedimentary strata, associate river depositional environments . Dorood formation deposits in the North West of Tabriz has been created one part of the sedimentary sequence of type 1 with the upper and lower discontinuities bounds of type SB-1. So that the facies of LST part created sedimentary sequences and the sequence is completed with a mixture of carbonate facies TST, mfs, HST of younger formation (Ruteh formation). Interpretation of the depositional environments of these deposits along with similar investigations for younger Permian units in the area could be the basis of deposit basin analysis and ancient geological conditions of North of Tabriz.

[Mahari R. The interpretation of sedimentary sequence of Dorood formation in North West of Tabriz. Life Sci J 2013; 10(6s):263-267] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.40

Keywords: Dorood Formation, Permian, Stratigraphy, Sedimentary sequences, Tabriz, Iran

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The effect of mixed collectors in the rougher flotation of sungun copper

Armin Karimian¹, Bahram Rezaei², Amir Masoumi³

Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;

Armin_mining@gmail.com

Abstract: The use of mixtures of collectors has long been recognised in plant practice and has been shown to enhance flotation performance. These benefits have been reported for a wide range of collector mixtures (anionic, cationic and non-ionic) and include lower dosage requirements, improved selectivity and rates and extents of recovery and an increase in the recovery of coarse particles. Thus, knowing about these interactions can help to improve the present situation greatly. The goal of the present research is to study the effect of the composition of the collector on copper and iron recovery from porphyry ore. In this research the performance of collectors has been investigated in Pure and in the mixture form. To do so, we have used the collectors of Xanthates, dithiophosphates and thionocarbamates. The results of combination of the collectors showed that the best Cu recovery has been achieved with %92.20 in the compositions of the collectors of SIPX with SIBDTM (a mixture of mercapto benzothiazole and dithiophosphate), But the best Cu grade was achieved with %7.58 in the composition of potassium amyl Xanthate with Diisopropyl thionocarbamate.

[Karimian A, Rezaei B, Masoumi A. The effect of mixed collectors in the rougher flotation of sungun copper . Life Sci J 2013; 10(6s):268-272] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http:www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.41

Keywords: Type of ownership, ownership concentration, Stock returns, Panel Data

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The impact of market share of an auditing firm on equity cost evidenced from Iran

¹ Zahra Poorzamani, ² Ayda Rajabzadeh

Department of Accounting, Assistant Professor, Central Tehran Banch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,

Master of Accounting, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E- mail: zpoorzamani@yahoo.com, ayda_age1363@yahoo.com

Abstract: Regarding the fact that equity is based on the return rate expected by the investors and is related with the amount of risk accepted by them and also the share of the market of an auditing firm is considered as an index to increase the quality of auditing, the present research is going to study the effect of auditing firm's share of market on equity cost in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To calculate equity cost we have used capm model and to determine the share of auditing market the market share of auditing firm and the dominant share of auditing firm market has been used. In the present research 107 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period between 2007 and 2011 were investigated. To test the hypotheses we have used a linear regression model. The research findings showed that generally the market share and the dominant share of an auditing firm has a negative and meaningful effect on equity cost. Also equity cost is different (less) in firms when their auditing firm has a dominant share in the market compared to companies whose auditing firm does not have a dominant share in market.

[Zahra Poorzamani, Ayda Rajabzadeh. The impact of market share of an auditing firm on equity cost evidenced from Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):273-278] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.42

Keywords: market share of an auditing firm, equity cost, specialization in auditing industry

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Protective role of melatonin on cisplatin-induced changes in developing cerebellum of rat fetus

Sajjad Hejazi¹, Sina Yaghoubi (Corresponding author)^2*, Mohamadreza Delghandi²

1 - Departmenet of anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 - Graduated of veterinary medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Sajjad.hejazi@yahoo.com; corresponding author: dr.sina_yaghoubi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cisplatin is one of the most efficient anticancer drugs which are used in the recent years, there has been an increasing concern on the occurrence of abnormal generation in human beings. As such, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of melatonin n the histological changes in the cerebellum of newborn rats which are treated by cisplatin before their birth (during pregnancy). In this experimental study 24 pregnant rats, with NIH race, were distributed to three equal groups of control, interfere I(1), and interfere 1I(2). The Cerebellums of 24 newborn rats were studied on the basis of the changes occurred histologically. In histological observations of both groups: interfere 1 and interfere 2 the layers of cerebellar cortex had irregular tissues (forms). The cerebellum had no foliated shape form and with a perfectly primary shape, it showed some deficiency in its tropil tissues. In interfere group1. The followings were observed: In many tissue and pia matter of soft tissue, pletosis and edematous were seen and in the cover tissue of choroid plexus of forth ventricle and in neurogilia tissue, pletosis and apoptosis were seen dispersely. However, in interfere group 2, there was little pletosis and edematous in pia matter of soft tisse and choroid plexus of forth ventricle were observab and the occurance of apoptosis was not seen. In present study, new events, in line with the proof of infusion mechanism, retardation in the formation of cerebellum in newborn rats which were treated by cisplatin during in-uterine lives were presented. Also, Apoptosis infusion and the distortion of cell structure in cerebellum caused by cisplatin and the anti-apoptosis effects of melatoinin were presented.

[Hejazi S, Yaghoubi S, Delghandi MR. Protective role of melatonin on cisplatin-induced changes in developing cerebellum of rat fetus. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):279-286] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.43

Key Words: melatonin, Cisplatin, tratogenesis, apoptosis.

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Toxicity effect of vincristine on mice fetus cerebellum

Sajjad Hejazi¹, Sina Yaghoubi², Mohamadreza Delghandi^{2 (} Corresponding author ⁾

1 - Departmenet of anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 - Graduated of veterinary medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Sajjad.hejazi@yahoo.com

corresponding author: dr.mohamadreza.delghandi@gmail.com

Abstract: Virncristine Alkaloid originates from vina-rosea and its mechanism includes the depolarization of microtobals that take part in the process of mitotic divisions (17,2). This drug stops the chain of cell mitotic so that its usage in the halting of divisions in malignant cancers with high proliferation has been suggested (2,17).cerebellum, with respect to the formation and appearance of fetus, is originated from metasfal. The shape of cerebellar neurons and the order of their interstitial space during their development in central nervous system are the same in all vertebrates and abnormal growth of this area causes disturbances in the movement of the given animals.

[Hejazi S, Yaghoubi S, Delghandi MR. Toxicity effect of vincristine on mice fetus cerebellum. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):287-291] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.44

Key Words: Vincristine, Mice, fetus, cerebellum

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Quantum Well Terahertz Switch Based On Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Majid Zyaei¹, Mohammad Faraji Sarir^2* (Corresponding author), Arash Rahmani¹

^1. Department of Engineering, Ajabshir Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ajabshir, Iran.

². Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract: We propose a new asymmetric quantum well structure as a high temperature long wavelength (THz) optical switch based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In this structure the electromagnetic field of terahertz-infrared radiation interfere with the electromagnetic field of short-wavelength probe field and this effect changes the absorption and refraction characteristic of probe field. Therefore this idea is suitable for terahertz optical switching. In the terahertz (30~300µm or 1~10THz) intersubband transition quantum-well structures, the incoming photon energy is (4~ 41mev) and maybe in the order of electron thermal broadening (KT~ 6meV-25meV for 77K - 300K)[1]. Therefore in the conventional structure, both the incoming photon and the environment temperature can directly excite the ground state electrons to higher energy levels and this problem inhabits the correct optical switching in high temperature and terahertz applications. In our proposed EIT [2,3] based optical switch, the incoming Terahertz IR signal interacts with the short-wavelength (1~2μm) probe field (does not directly excite the ground state electrons) and causes a sharp absorption or transparency in this visible optical probe.

[Zyaei M, Faraji Sarir M, Rahmani A. Quantum Well Terahertz Switch Based On Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):292-294] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.45

Key Words: Terahertz signal, Asymmetric quantum well, Coherent population trapping (CPT), Optical switch, Quantum interference, Electromagnetically Induced Transparency.

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Evaluation of Menstural Attitude of Collegiate Athletes

F. Neşe ŞAHİN ÖZDEMİR, Phd.

School of Physical Education and Sports, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of collegiate athletes (CA) toward menstruation and compare them with their sedentary college student (CS) counterparts. So 181 female collegiate athletes and 148 female college students participated voluntarily in this study. Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was used as a data collection device. Data were compared by using SPSS (ver. 16.0) at the level of 0.05. The results showed there is no significant differences between menarche age of groups since p=0,09≥0.05. The total of 74,5 % participants stated that they have a regular menstrual cycle and there is no significant differences between menstrual cycle order of athletes and sedentaries since p=0,65≥0.05. By looking at the average overall score of CA and CS (X_(CA)=3,13 and X_(CS) =3,17), it can be said that both groups have positive attitudes toward menstruation.

[Neşe ŞAHİN ÖZDEMİR. Evaluation of Menstural Attitude of Collegiate Athletes. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):295-300] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.46

Key words: menstruation, sedentary, collegiate athletes

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تاثير فعاليت هوازی با شدتEffect of low and moderate برaerobic trainingکم و متوسط on appetite and مقدار گرلین آسیلدار پلاسماPlasma Ghrelin level inدر زنان غیر فعال obese sedentary women نسبتا

منصور خلیل زاده

¹Mansour Khalil Zadeh, ²Mehri Ghahramani, ²Mir Hamid Salehian, ³Mohsen Shirmohammadzadeh

Department of Physical Education, Salmas branch, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سلماس،Islamic Azad University, Salmas, Iran

1:Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سلماس،Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azarbayjan Shahid Madani University, Iran

khalilzadeh.mansor@yahoo.com. ¹،کریم gahramani_84@yahoo.com. GhahramG² mh_salehian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to به منظورمقایسه اثرcompare8 بر اشتها،هوازی با شدتaerobic کم و متوسط exercises with low and moderate intensity on plasma زن بدن و acyl gherlin changes in obese females.تغییرات گرلین آسیل 16 آزمودنینسبتاrather چاق obese و women به طور تصادفی به چهار گروهwere randomly selected and divided into into four groups: شامل 1) چاق با تمرین سبک High weight with low exercise ( (سن45.75± 6.75 yrs±, BMI:: 29.21±0.5Kg/m²), 2) Obese with moderate exercise ((47.12± ± 4.12 yrs, BMI: 127/029.59±59/29 ± 0.127 کیلوگرم بر مترمربعKg/m²). لاغر با تمرین سبکAll groups practiced running 88 wهفتهweeks (3(3 جلسه در هفتهsessions per week), 30 دقیقه دویدن باminutes with 50%%شدت MHR a50aaand گروه های low groups تمرین practiced the same متوسط نیز، همان تمرینات را با شدتexercise with 60% MHR. Data were analyzed by T test at 0.05 level. In both groups, plasma acylated ghrelin level increased (P<0.05). Moreover, there was only a significant difference in changes of the appetite and plasma acylated ghrelin level between 4 ^th and 8 ^th week of training (P<0.05). [Khalil Zadeh M, Ghahramani M, Salehian MH, Shirmohammadzadeh M. تاثير فعاليت هوازی با شدتEffect of low and moderate برaerobic trainingکم و متوسط on appetite and مقدار گرلین آسیلدار پلاسماPlasma Ghrelin level inدر زنان غیر فعال obese sedentary women. . Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):301-307] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.comنسبتا . 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.47

Kew words: exercise intensity, acylated ghrelin, appetite, obese women

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Vitamin E ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity

Rasoul Estakhri¹, Babak Hajipour^2*, Hamze Majidi³, Hadi Soleimani³

1. Liver and Gastroenterology Research center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

3. Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding author: Hajipourb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP), is a cytotoxic alkylating agent and it is widely used in treatment of malignant diseases and autoimmune disorders. CP may be nephrotoxic, both in humans and animal models by generating reactive oxygen species. Vitamin E is a major antioxidant in biological systems acting as a powerful chain-breaking agent through the scavenging of peroxyl radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E in CP induced nephrotoxicity. Forty rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=10). Group1: control group, receiving normal saline, group 2: CP group received a single intraperitoneal injection of CP in saline at the dose of 150 mg/ kg. Group3: CP+Vit E: received CP plus Vit E (100mg/kg), group 4: received CP and olive oil. Twenty four hours after CP injection rats anesthetized and sampled for studying with light microscopy and biochemical studies. Data indicated that serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), renal tissue injury index and renal tissue malondealdehyde (MDA) were higher in CP group comparing to CP+Vit E group significantly. Renal tissue glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity were higher in CP+Vit E group than CP group significantly (P<0.05). Our results showed that one of the basic mechanisms involved in CP-induced nephrototoxicity might be oxidative stress and vitamin E pretreatment attenuated CP induced nephrotoxicity.

[Rasoul Estakhri, Babak Hajipour, Hamze Majidi, Hadi Soleimani. Vitamin E ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):308-313] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.48

Keywords: Cycophosphamide-Kidney-Vitamin E-Rat

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Co-administration of Melatonin and Dexamethasone Attenuates Lung Tissue Injury after Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion

Mohammad Taghizadieh¹, Babak Hajipour², Naser Ahmadi Asl³, Ali Khodadadi⁴, Mohammad Hossein Somi⁵

1Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

3Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4Faculty of Veterinary, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

₅Liver and gastroenterology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Corresponding Author: Hajipourb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common and important clinical problem in many different organ systems. Once the blood flow and oxygen supply are reestablished, reperfusion enhances the injury caused by the ischemic period .This phenomenon, known as ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, impacts directly on liver viability, especially during transplantation and liver surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate combination pretreatment of melatonin (MEL) and dexamethasone (DEX) on liver I/R model of lung injury. Male Wistar rats (n=60) were assigned to 5 groups of 12 animals each: 1: Sham; Laparatomy without I/R 2: I/R; underwent hepatic I/R. 3: I/R+MEL; hepatic I/R+ injected intraperitoneally melatonin (20 mg/kg). 4: I/R+DEX; hepatic I/R+ injected intravenously dexamethasone (10 mg/kg). 5: I/R+MEL+DEX; hepatic I/R+ injected intraperitoneally melatonin + injected intravenously dexamethasone. Liver subjected to ischemia by clamping portal triad for 30 minutes and was reperfused for 6 hours after ischemia by removing the clamps. Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased after hepatic I/R in all groups; levels of GPx and SOD were higher in I/R+MEL+DEX group comparing to I/R, I/R+MEL and I/R+DEX groups significantly(P<0.05), and they were higher in I/R+MEL group comparing to I/R and I/R+DEX groups but it was not significant. Lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA),lung injury index, and apoptotic index increased after hepatic I/R. Tissue MDA, tissue injury index and apoptotic index were lower in I/R+MEL+DEX group comparing to I/R, I/R+MEL and I/R+DEX groups significantly(P<0.05), and in I/R+MEL was lower than I/R+DEX group but it was not significant. Co-administration of melatonin and dexamethasone had better results in decreasing the lung injury after hepatic I/R, comparing to administering each of them alone.

[Mohammad Taghizadieh, Babak Hajipour, Naser Ahmadi Asl, Ali Khodadadi, Mohammad Hossein Somi. Co-administration of Melatonin and Dexamethasone Attenuates Lung Tissue Injury after Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):314-320] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.49

Key words: Liver, lung, Ischemia/reperfusion, Melatonin, Dexamethasone, Rat.

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A Comparative Study on Bilingual and Monolingual Iranian EFL Learners' Linguistic Intelligence across Genders

Mahnaz Saeidi, Nastran Mazoochi^*

Department of English Language, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author: N_mazochi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The issue of the effects of bilingualism on cognitive development has attracted different viewpoints. Some believe that bilinguals are superior to their monolingual counterparts simply because they have access to two different language systems. On the other hand, there are scholars who believe that bilingualism can impose negative effects on the cognitive development and intelligence in general. This study aimed at comparing linguistic intelligence of Iranian bilinguals and monolinguals regarding their gender. The participants were chosen from the university students, between the ages of 20 up to 30 years old, male and female. There were 100 monolingual (Persian) and bilingual (Persian and Turkish) EFL learners participating in the study. They were administered MIDAS test, and the results were analyzed through SPSS computer program. The findings reveal that there is a significant difference between female bilinguals and monolinguals linguistic intelligence. However the male participants revealed no difference regarding their linguistic intelligence. The results are interpreted to have implications for language class methodologies and syllabus designers, and can be considered as a support to the idea of promoting bilingual education.

[Mahnaz Saeidi, Nastran Mazoochi. A Comparative Study on Bilingual and Monolingual Iranian EFL Learners' Linguistic Intelligence across Genders. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):321-334] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.50

Keywords: bilingualism, multiple intelligences, linguistic intelligence

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Tradition, Modernity and Iranian Society

Mohsen Alini *, Maryam Bijani **

* Assistant Professor of Planning Economic and Rural Development Research Institute

** Faculty member of Higher Education Institute of Maziar

Abstract: Longstanding tradition and modernism in Iran is the old story of those countries that have not yet found the way of independence and emancipation of the self encountering western culture and civilization and stayed caught within the viscous cycle of Modernism or Traditionalism. Cultural weakness and passivity of Islamic Societies before new life of the west has converted into the basic problem for countries like Iran, crossing from tradition and reaching to modernism so that its impact for generation of the nation has led to thoughts and patterns each of them have affected scientists, scholars and people for some time. Pure fascination with western culture and civilization, absolute rejection and opposition with it and attempt to keep the optimal values of the national culture and identity are three approaches that have formed creation and development context of intellectual streams in the course of history over the years. Understanding the intellectual attitudes and their impacts on the ups and downs of Islamic Iranian Thought without doubt help how to deal with this phenomenon in the present time. It also requires an understanding of two issues (tradition and Modernity), an overview of the history of Iran from tradition perspective and valuation of the perspective that Iranian society is facing the name of Modern Community.

[Mohsen Alini, Maryam Bijani. Tradition, Modernity and Iranian Society. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):335-341] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.51

Keywords: Tradition; Modernity; Iranian; Society

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A Probabilistic Approach for Project Cost Estimation Using Bayesian Networks

Hossein Raoofpanah¹, Khadije Hassanlou²

^1. Raja University Ghazvin, Iran. Email: h.raoofpanah@yahoo.com

^2. Industrial Engineering Department, Raja University, Ghazvin Iran. Email: kh_hassanlou@iust.ac.ir

Abstract: Risk measurement is one of the main stages in Project Risk Management. It quantifies risks and assesses their impact on project’s outcomes (time, cost and quality). Monte Carlo simulation, as the best practice, has been used to developed several models to analyze and quantify risks in projects. Bayesian Networks (BNs), as a powerful technique for decision support under uncertainty, have attracted a lot of attention in different fields. This paper aims to use BN capabilities to introduce a new approach for project cost risk modeling. The new approach explicitly quantifies uncertainty in project cost and also provides an appropriate method for modeling complex relationships and factors in projects such as: causal relation between variables, common causal factors, formal use of expert judgments, and learning from data to update previous beliefs and probabilities.

[Raoofpanah H, Hassanlou Kh. A Probabilistic Approach for Project Cost Estimation Using Bayesian Networks. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):342-349] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.52

Keywords: Project Risk Analysis; Cost Estimation; Bayesian Networks; Simulation

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Evaluation and selection of a third-party reverse logistics provider using ANP and IFG-MCDM methodology

Mohsen Zareinejad ¹, Habibollah Javanmard ²

^1. MSc. Student, Department of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

Mohsen.zareinejad@gmail.com

Abstract: Today, as organizations improve their ability to compete globally, we see that competition innovation and creativity are now shifting to the supply chain. Increased competitive advantage can be achieved only if all supply chain stakeholders are coordinated and integrated with one another. This integration must be created among suppliers, intermediaries, third-party providers, and customers. In addition to the forward supply chain, reverse logistics must also be considered. Amid business complexities, smart organizations are reusing, recycling, and remanufacturing using third-party reverse logistics providers (3PRLP), which affect the performance of the entire organization. The selection and evaluation of reverse logistics providers is important to improving outcomes. Several attributes should be used to select and evaluate 3PRLP. In this paper, an analytic network process (ANP) is used to investigate feedback and relationships among attributes and to identify the most important attributes in the selection and evaluation of 3PRLP. Then a multi-criteria group decision-making is upgraded in uncertainty conditions to guide the process of selecting the best 3PRLP. To deal with uncertainty, intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and grey relation analysis (GRA) will be used.

[Mohsen Zareinejad, Habibollah Javanmard. Evaluation and selection of a third-party reverse logistics provider using ANP and IFG-MCDM methodology. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):350-355] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.53

Keywords: Competitive advantage; Third-party reverse logistic provider (3PRLP); Multi- criteria decision making; Intuitionistic fuzzy set; Grey relation analysis

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Growth in biofilm enhances potential to form new biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Ashfaque Hossain

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, GPO Box-2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia.

a.hussain@uoh.edu.sa

Abstract: Biofilm production potential of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in this study. Isolates from blood and wound produced biofilm but wound isolates produced relatively higher amounts. Sequential passage of the P. aeruginosa strains in biofilm culture in trypticase soy broth (TSB) resulted in gradually increasing amount of biofilm production the by isolates whereas passage of the same isolates in planktonic culture did not result in enhanced biofilm production. Passage induced enhanced biofilm production reached maximum level at passage 3 (P-3) for the strains B-6, W-2 and W-14 and at passage 4 (P-4) for the strain B-9. These values were 64.7% 83.4% and 75.6% and 72.8 % increased biofilm production by the biofilm passaged strains in comparison to their plantonic counterparts. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) which inhibits biofilm production by P. aeruginosa, was only partially effective in reducing biofilm production by bacteria passaged in biofilm. On the other hand, FAC efficiently reduced biofilm production by cultures which were grown in planktonic state. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that growth of P. aeruginosa in biofilm enhances its potential to form new biofilm.

[Hossain, A. Growth in biofilm enhances potential to form new biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):356-359] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.54

Key Words: Biofilm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ferric Ammonium Citrate, Clinical Isolate.

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Automated Segmentation of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images Using Modified Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means with Replusions Clustering and Generalized Gradient Vector Flow Snake Algorithm

Alamelumangai. N¹, Dr. Devishree. J²

1 Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore.

Email: alamelumangai.n@gmail.com

2 Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to incorporate Modified Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (MFPCM) with Repulsions clustering and Generalized Gradient Vector Flow (GGVF) snake algorithm for lesion contour segmentation on breast ultrasound (US) images. Preprocessing US images is mandatory and involves two stages- Memetic Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to remove speckle noise and Hough Transformation for contrast enhancement. Segmentation is performed on preprocessed US images based on region-of-interest (ROI) and the lesion is separated from background using MFPCM with Repulsions. To further improve the shape, boundary of the lesion is identified using active contour method, GGVF snake algorithm. The proposed methodology is compared with the Fuzzy C-Means clustering and traditional contour detection methods for a database of 50 lesions (18 benign and 32 malignant cases) and yield better results in detecting the boundary of the lesion. The shape and size of the lesion classify the lesion as, benign, pre-malignant and malignant. The proposed method assist radiologists to determine and improve the efficiency of ultrasound breast cancer image elucidation.

[Alamelumangai. N, Dr. Devishree. J. Automated Segmentation of Breast Cancer Lesions in Ultrasound Images Using Modified Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means with Replusions Clustering and Generalized Gradient Vector Flow Snake Algorithm. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):360-367] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.55

Keywords: Modified Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (MFPCM) with Repulsions, GGVF snake algorithm, Ultrasound Images, Breast Cancer Detection

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Cervicovaginal Biomarkers and C-reactive Protein Levels in Preterm and Term Labor

Massome Rezaei¹, Shole Shahgheibi^2*, Roonak Shahoei³, Farnaz Zadvakili¹, Fariba Farhadifar², Narjes Noori⁴, Fariba Saiedalshoiadaei¹

¹Assistant Professor OBGYN Ward, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

^2*Associated Professor OBGYN Ward, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

³Assistant Professor, Midwifery Department, Kurdistan university of Medical Sciences

⁴ OBGYN Ward, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

*Corresponding Author: shahgheibi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To assess the levels of cervicovaginal biomarkers (HCG and FFN) and serum CRP in primigravida women who terminated their gestation with term labor versus those who delivered prematurely. Design and setting: In this nested cohort study, 89 patients with symptoms of labor were enrolled in Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, Capital in Kurdistan province, in Iran. Methods: Data regarding the patients’ age, education, BMI, and hemoglobin level were recorded. Laboratory test results including the levels of CRP, FFN, and HCG were also recorded and patients were monitored until the end of gestation to obtain the ultimate pregnancy result (preterm/term). The mean difference between groups was determined using the t test. Results: 43 patients were 21-24 years old, 53.93% patients had a BMI of 20-24, and 63.87% patients had term labor. 49.43% were CRP negative . 26 and 80 patients were HCG negative and FFN positive respectively. FFN and CRP were the only markers that were significantly higher in patients with preterm labor (P<0.001). Conclusion: FFN appears to be the strongest predictor of preterm birth followed by CRP, whereas HCG assay may not render a reliable prediction of preterm birth.

[Massome Rezaei, Shole Shahgheibi, Roonak Shahoei^, Farnaz Zadvakili, Fariba Farhadifar, Narjes Noori, Fariba Saiedalshoiadaei. Cervicovaginal Biomarkers and C-reactive Protein Levels in Preterm and Term Labor. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):368-371] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.56

Keywords: Preterm birth, biomarkers, CRP protein, FFN protein, Chorionic gonadotropin

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The prediction of homo sexuality based on religious beliefs among female students

Atiyeh rezaii^*1, Bita khalili¹, kolsom nabati pary¹, Elnaz ghobakhlo²

¹Young Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

²Young Researchers Club, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

Abstract: Homosexuality is a human- social phenomenon which mostly depends on culture and religion. Reported data show the rate of homosexuality among males and females in 7-7.9 and 8.6-11.6 percent over 15 years respectively. The researches show that homosexuality id affected by different elements. Aim: The study of homosexuality prediction based on religious beliefs among female students. Material and Methods: 400 Moslem female student who study in Tabriz university are selected accidentally. The answered the questionnaires about their attitudes toward homosexuality and religious model test. Finding and conclusion: The results showed that there is a positive and profound association between homosexuality and religious beliefs. It means that Moslems have more conservative attitudes than others. Also the results of regression analysis show ethical predict homosexuality tendency more than beliefs.

[Atiyeh rezaii, Bita khalili, kolsom nabati pary, Elnaz ghobakhlo. The prediction of homo sexuality based on religious beliefs among female students. Life Sci J 2013; 10 (6s):372-374] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.57

Key words: homosexuality – religious beliefs – female students.

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Development and Validation Assessment for Persian Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire

Mehri Mohammadi¹, Magid Taheri ², Siamak Mohebi³, Yaser Tabaraie^4*

¹ Medical Sciences Faculty, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

² Department of Statistics and Information Technology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

³Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

⁴Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

ganchia_mezena@yahoo.com

Abstract: Healthcare research recognizes that satisfaction is an important health outcome of the medical encounter. As a result, many healthcare professions have paused the development and validation of instruments for measuring patient satisfaction. The present descriptive study was carried out through cross-sectional method. A sample of 400 patients was chosen randomly from seven hospitals- affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences of which a total of 305 responded to the questionnaire during November and December 2011, giving a relatively high response rate (76.3 %). To confirm the reliability of inter-item correlations and construct validity, factor analysis was carried out, and items belonging to each factor and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient were calculated. Seven dimensions were identified, including: doctor's communication, nursing care, convenience, visitors, cleanliness, costs and general satisfaction, explaining 60% of the variance. All items, except one, revealed loadings above 0.4. Cronbach’s Alpha exceeded 0.8 for all dimensions, except for the area of visitors (0.66). Results must be interpreted with some caution due to the high level of satisfaction and not be considered comprehensible evidence of high performance of services or programs without substantial additional information. It is advised to use a qualitative study to complement such studies. In the light of the results, the designed hospital services satisfaction questionnaire strives to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing inpatient satisfaction with hospital services. [Mehri Mohammadi, Magid Taheri, Siamak Mohebi, Yaser Tabaraie. Development and Validation Assessment for Persian Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):375-381] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.58

Keywords: treatment satisfaction; validation; questionnaire development; hospital care

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The Effects of Nutrition Education on Mental Health of the Hemodialysis Patients in Maragheh, East-Azerbaijan, Iran

Zahra Moshtagh¹, Dr. Kazem Naeeni ², Malihe Hamzezade ³, Ali Arasteh⁴

^1.Instructor, MSc of nursing,Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran

^2.Assistant Professor, Tehran Medical Branch,Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran

^3.MSC of nursing Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^4.Instructor, MSc Animal Science Department, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Due to the development of chronic diseases, including chronic renal failure, patients' quality of life and mental health is often below normal. Moreover, considering the importance of nutrition as an effective factor in quality of life and mental health of dialysis patients, nutrition education for these patients is of vital importance. This study was performed to develop a nutritional plan, training requirements in patients under hemodialysis and assessment of the effects of education on mental health of hemodialysis patients.

 [Zahra Moshtagh, Kazem Naeeni, Malihe Hamzezade, Ali Arasteh. The Effects of Nutrition Education on Mental Health of the Hemodialysis Patients in Maragheh, East-Azerbaijan, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):382-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.59

Keywords: nutrition education, mental health, dialysis

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Scale Effect Aspects for Correlation CPTu Data in Deep Foundation Analysis and Design

Samieh Rezazadeh¹, Abolfazl Eslami², Ata Jafary Shalkoohy³

^1. Master of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Guilan

^2. Associate Professor and Member of Scientific Board at the University of Amirkabir

^3. Candidate of Ph.D., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Guilan, Iran

Abstract: In recent years, the cone penetration test (CPT) is considered as one of the most important In-situ tests, because of its simple, fast, reliable, and economical nature. The scale effects between the pile toe resistance and CPT cone is considered by different researchers, while the effects of these factors are not taken into account in making a relation between CPT sleeve friction and pile shaft resistance. As the main purpose of this research, in order to study these effects on the shaft resistance, the shear strain produced under CPT sounding and pile load tests were studied. Then, there was an effort in relating the scale effect between CPT and pile to the shear strain levels. As a result of the difference in the rate of penetration, the effect of generating excess pore pressure that is important for fine grained soils is considered. The database consists of 42 case studies of pile load tests include the CPT profile is collected from 24 different sites. Next a method is presented in determining the shaft bearing capacity, with considering scale effects and this method is evaluated to four methods including: Clisby et al.,Tumay and Fakhroo, Price and Wardle and Takesue et al.The result of analysis showed that the proposed method estimated the shaft capacity with the highest accuracy in comparison to other methods.

[Rezazadeh S, Eslami A, Shalkoohy A J. Effect Scale Effect Aspects for Correlation CPTu Data in Deep Foundation Analysis and Design. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):387-396] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.60

Keywords: Scale effect, Cone penetration test, Pile, Static load test, Shaft resistance.

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Biodegradation of a Textile Mono Azo Dye: Reactive Violet 5 by a Novel Isolated Bacterial Strain

Nashwa A.H. Fetyan^1,3 and Manal M. S. Ali ², Laila M. Break¹

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,² Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ³ Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt

dr_nashwa1967@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: In this study we intended to isolate and identify Azo dye biodegrading and decolorizing bacterial strains as well as investigation of biodegradation mechanism. Different bacterial isolates were isolated from dye contaminated soils behind textile factories and tested against Reactive Violet5 (RV5) dye. The most potent isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus via partial sequencing of 16srRNA DNA . The decolorized sample showed lowering of peak to a smaller absorbance value for dye concentration of 200 mg/L, which informs that the decolorization is due to removal or degradation of dye. The comparison of TLC chromatograms before and after decolorization by B. cereus under UV light showed that the original dye was quite different from the supernatant obtained after dye decolorization, which was suggested by different values of retention factors obtained in the TLC experiment This difference confirms that decolorization was due to breakdown of dyes into unknown products. The identification of several degradation products from purified RV5 by Bacillus cereus was achieved with FTIR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR and GC-MS. The results showed four compounds, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and 4-nitroanisole, as degradation products.

[Nashwa A.H. Fetyan, Manal M. S. Ali and Laila M. Break. Biodegradation of a Textile Mono Azo Dye: Reactive Violet 5 by a Novel Isolated Bacterial Strain. Life Sci J 2013; 10(6s):397-403]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.61

Key words: Bacillus cereus Reactive Violet5, Biodegradation, FTIR spectroscopy,, 1H NMR, GC-MS spectral analysis

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Study of Press effect on Social-Political Structure Development in Iran

Maryam Bijani ¹, Mohsen Alini ²

^1. Faculty member of Higher Education Institute of Maziar

^2. Assistant Professor of Planning Economic and Rural Development Research Institute

ma_200721@yahoo.com

Abstract: Iran history witnesses four periods of opening in sociopolitical structure that affected press by other institutions and phenomenon. Press qualitative and quantitative development in mentioned periods, are one of the positive changes in journalistic zone. If development in sociopolitical structure affects press, it will play an important role in supporting and maintaining of the structure. This takes place by reforming a semantic system that calls for the support and development of this structure. In this paper by using discourse analysis, four newspapers in the periods of Iranian Constitutional Revolution 1285-1289), Premiership of Doctor Mosadegh before the Revolution (1330-1332), the Islamic Revolution (1357-1358) and seventh terms of presidency election after the Revolution (1376-1380) have been studied so as to determine common and separate features of them after recognition of semantic system offered by papers. Common features of the periods, development of sociopolitical structure and common features of chosen newspapers indicate supporting the structure and attempt to keeping it. The results indicate that Constitutional Revolution up to now has been represented in different ways by putting in a row the semantic system of newspapers while having development in sociopolitical structure that enjoy common features than separate ones. “Law”, “Freedom” and “People” have been the main factors of press semantic system within the period (1285-1380, Solar Calendar).

[Bijani M, Alini M. Study of Press effect on Social-Political Structure Development in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):404-416] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.62

Keywords: Development of sociopolitical structure, Press, Law, Freedom, People and Discourse Analysis

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Neurophysiological Disorders at Chronic Stresses in Cadets and Their Prevention

Adilbai Jumataevich Tastanov ¹, Roza Jumbaikizi Naribay ¹, Zhanbatyr Nurtaevich Sartaev ¹, Bakyt Kadirchanovna Yerkinbekova ², Aleksandr Sergeevich Martikyan ¹, Kulmeschan Auelchanovna Abdreimova ¹

¹ Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

² Republican Scientific Practical Center of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Narcology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the features and development of functional neurotic responses among adolescents, to elaborate practical recommendations for preventing neurophysiological disorders and neutralizing their effects. Based on the statistically representative data obtained from healthy adolescents, a positive correlation between the formation of adaptive responses and perinatal & family situation, interpersonal, and living conditions (e.g., birth pathology, poor living conditions, parental divorce, incomplete family, family relationship problems), as well as a number of extremal factors (e.g., emotional stress, studying conditions, interpersonal relationship) that disclose the ethiological factors inducing borderline neuropsychic disorders was detected. The use of biological feedback based on electroencephalography allows one to perform the correction of neurotic responses, resulting in a decrease in vegetative disorders and improvement of the general psychophysiological condition of adolescents. In adolescents with somatic disorders, more pronounced shifts from the vegetative nervous system are observed at the disadaptation stage, which presumably is one of the factors contributing to the emergence of a disease or its exacerbation under stress.

[Tastanov AJ, Naribay RJ, Sartaev ZN, Yerkinbekova BK, Martikyan AS, Abdreimova KA. Neurophysiological Disorders at Chronic Stresses in Cadets and Their Prevention. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):417-425] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.63

Keywords: cadets, neuropsychic disorders, stress, extremal factors, living conditions.

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Determining the Factors Affecting of the Performance Assessment of District Health Network (By Exploratory Factor Analysis)

Bahram Tahmasby ¹, Ahmad Barati Marnani ², Mohammadreza Maleki ³, Sodabe Vatankhah ⁴, Ezzatollah Mohammadi ⁵

¹ School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN.

² School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN (Corresponding Author)

³ School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN.

⁴ School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN.

⁵ Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University of Golestan, Gorgan, IRAN.

 ²baratimarnani@Gmail.com

Abstract: Nowadays, with the amazing advances in the management knowledge, existence of organization's performance assessment system is inevitable. Health System Performance Assessment helps to decision-makers and Policymakers to be ensure responsiveness of their decisions. History of Health System Performance Assessment returns to decade before 2000, but after World Health Organization Report (2000), the issue of Health System Performance Assessment has officially entered in the health literature. In this study, using related key words and related electronic and library resources from 1998 to 2012 have been investigated in both Persian and English language. Initially, the most common and most important of international models of performance assessment in the health has been studied and compared and About 150 criteria and 450 indicators that are involved in the performance assessment of the health system have been extracted. Then by using the survey form of the experts and professionals, 49 criteria related to the performance assessment of the district health network is extracted. Then by using the questionnaire the amount of effect of each criterion on the performance assessment of the district health network has been measured. By performing exploratory factor analysis on the resulting data, five main components have been discovered. In total, these five factors have explained about 65% of the variances. The first main component that has been named Characteristics of Service Delivery has the largest share (16%) and the fifth main component that has been named Primary Health Care has the lowest share (10%) of the performance assessment of the district health network. Because any assessment model is not complete and perfect, to correction of the defects by the constructive criticism of experts and professionals, designed models should be published both before and after applying. It is recommended that the designed model in this study be applied practically to performance assessment of the district health networks, and then the policymakers and decision-makers should be informed of the results of the practice to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the model and to give recommendations for modification of the model.

[Bahram Tahmasby, Ahmad Barati Marnani, Mohammadreza Maleki, Sodabe Vatankhah, Ezzatollah Mohammadi. Determining the Factors Affecting of the Performance Assessment of District Health Network (By Exploratory Factor Analysis). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):426-432] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.64

Key words: health system, assessment, factor analysis, district health network.

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Hydrostratigraphy of Arak aquifer, Iran

¹Yousefi Rad Mostafa, ²Abdolnia Azam

¹Department of Geology, Payame Noor University,Tehran, Iran

²MS, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University of Khorram Abad unit, and Regional Water Expert Corporation of Lorestan.

E-mail: M-Yousefirad@pnu.ac.ir, Abdolnia_azam@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study area is located in the North East of Arak city in Central Province and the viewpoint of geological is between structural zones in Centeral Iran and Sanandaj-Sirjan. This paper has also conducted field survey, geophysical studies and using the results of pumping tests, allocation is studied hydrostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic area. Based on the determination of sediment thickness and sex using resistivity, is obtained permeability and the discharge rate of each layer. The results show that in six of the sediment layers that have the origin of a lake (silt and clay) is low discharge and we can expect made charge and deposits discharge proper.

[Yousefi Rad M, Abdolnia A. Hydrostratigraphy of Arak aquifer, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):433-435] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.65

Key words: Hydrostratigraphy, Quaternary, Geophysic, Arak aquifer.

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Stability analysis of earth dams based on construction pace on soft soil

¹Mostafa yousefirad, ²Mehdi Mohammadi

¹Department of Geology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

²Department of civil engineering, Science and Research branch,islamic azad university, Markazi province,Iran

Email: Mehdi_0861@yahoo.com, Email: radyosefi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study seeks to evaluate the effect of earth dams construction pace of soft soil on stability of its slopes. To achieve it, two types of earth dams with the same height and material characteristics and two different slopes of 1:5 and 1:2.5 were selected and evaluated through Plaxis V8 modeling software. The findings show that by increase of dam construction pace, the horizontal and vertical displacements maximize and a severe increase enhances displacements consequently.

[Yousefirad M, Mohammadi M. Stability analysis of earth dams based on construction pace on soft soil. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):436-443] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.66

Key words: earth dam, finite elements, stability, slope, stages of constructions, pore water pressure, effective stress distribution, embankment,construction pace

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Lithostratigraphy by High spectral images in The North Mahallat, Iran

Mostafa Yousefi Rad

Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: M-Yousefirad@pnu.ac.ir

Abstract: Today, using satellite data (satellite image) in geological research has various applications. One of these applications is the use of satellite images and digital data in Lithology studies and in particular, in the exploration or stratigraphy of lithologic units. This research tries to compare the lithologic characteristics of rocks in northern Mahallat and southeastern Arak and determine the lithologic units and their extension by satellite images, with a set of data from field measurements and using the remote sensing method and by analyzing the satellite digital data of ASTER with different resolution, which includes spectral data of rocks type, and in this study, it is compared the sequence of lithologic units in different parts based on stratigraphic column obtained. In this regard, a case study has been done on lithologic units belonging to the Cretaceous in northern Mahallat and southeastern Arak. For this purpose, after sampling the rocks and performing the chemical analysis on them, maps drawn by controlled and uncontrolled classification processes was changed to congruent maps and comparable to maps drawn by Geological Survey using the Reclassify process, that according to comparisons performed, more than 81% of the map planned conform to the fact of petrology and geology of the area.

[Yousefi Rad M. Lithostratigraphy by High spectral images in The North Mahallat, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):444-451] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.67

Keywords: Lithostratigraphy, High spectral images, North Mahallat, Iran

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Study of Relationship Between self- knowledge and marital Adjustment

Sakineh Fotuhi-e Bonab ¹, Sousan Sadeghi ², Tooraj Hashemi, PhD, Associate Professor³

¹M. A in Educational Psychology

² M. A in Educational Psychology

³Department of Psychology, University of Tabriz

Abstract: This research makes an attempt to study the relationship between self- knowledge and marital adjustment. For this regard 120 couples (240 subjects) selected from couples who referred to family courts or Tabriz consulting clinics, then responded self – knowledge and spanier marital adjustment scales. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis. Results indicated self- knowledge as significant predictors to marital adjustment. According to the present result, there is a beneficial and practical usage of this project's data in family intervention.

[Sakineh Fotuhi-e Bonab, Sousan Sadeghi, Tooraj Hashemi, Associate Professor. Study of Relationship Between self- knowledge and marital Adjustment. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):452-456] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.68

Keywords: self- knowledge, marital adjustment.

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Study of the effect of monitoring on improving quality of education in Elmi-Karbordi educational centers

¹Mrazyeh hoseini, ² Enayatollah Tavakoli

¹Master of Educational Management University of Applied Science Technology - IRAN

² PhD student Management at National University of Tajikista

Abstract: Today’s monitoring has been regarded as one of managers’ duties. Using this can achieve maximum effectiveness and productivity and organizational goals by application of organizational resources and activities. Educational systems need to reach learner-based education and improving their effectiveness through establishment of educational quality. Thus, intrinsic motivation to learn and presented knowledge will be changed into a skill. Also, by creating and improving learners’ self-confidence the practical competences will appear and get used. As a result, one of significant factors in educational development is monitoring educational programs. Therefore, the present study aims to deal with current situation of monitoring on educational performance of higher education center as a major factor on educational performance and educational systems. It also attempts to provide an appropriate model accordingly. As one of principal elements in ruling a country, monitoring and its different ways have been developed within time passage. These changes have been more accelerated in recent decades, though in third world countries it is regarded as a deterrent to executive affaires. But in developed countries monitoring has a special place (Bighdeli, 1997).

[Hoseini M, Tavakoli E. Study of the effect of monitoring on improving quality of education in Elmi-Karbordi educational centers. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):457-459] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.69

Keywords: monitoring, educational assessment, employment

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Providing structural approaches for developing social interactions in urban squares

¹Maryam rezghi, ²Kambiz rezghi

¹Department of urban planning, Qazvin, branch, islamic azad university, Qazvin, iran

²Department of urban planning, Qazvin, branch, islamic azad university, Qazvin, iran

email: rezghi.maryam@yahoo.com

Abstract: The increase of roadways in metropolitans as well as congestion in high-rise constructs, current landscapes of cities as proximity to tall buildings have been cut off by an asphalt path have been defined as an street. However due to everydays mental stresses the need for making more communicative interactions with nature, other humans and environment found to be a necessity. These fields within last decades have loosed their application because of insufficient attention and care. The present article aims to besides studying concept of urban spaces, stages and various aspects of urban structure appearance in social interactions. As the second purpose, it is going to investigate on urban field and provide a couple of structural approaches in designing these spaces to strengthen social interactions of citizens. The study tracks an interpretive-analytical method and library studies in addition to electronic and printed information used. An appropriate urban field has been designed based on right realization and planning is considered as an urban open space which is a place for movement, stop, rest, and time to enjoy the social interaction. Of one important approach in this article can mention to organizing a variety of applications based on time, temporary exhibition spaces designed to sell and supply goods and furniture design are tailored to the needs of residents.

[Rezghi M, Rezghi K. Providing structural approaches for developing social interactions in urban squares. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):460-465] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.70

Keywords: field rban fabric, urban space, social interaction

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Exploring the Relationship between International Posture and Willingness to Communicate in Iranian EFL context

Nadia Mahmoodi^1*, Naser Ghafoori², Davood Amini²

1- M.Sc. of English Language, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran (corresponding author)

2- Department of English Language, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: WTC (willingness to communicate) emerged as a concept to account for individuals' first language (L1) and second language (L2) communication. It is important to know what factors affect WTC in acquiring English proficiency. It has been conceptualized a heuristic model according to which authentic communication in L2 could be seen as a result of complex set of interrelated variables. They claimed that their heuristic model can provide a pedagogical use for L2 education. Relations among L2 learning and L2 communication variables in the Japanese context.In his model, a latent variable, international posture, was hypothesized to capture the general attitude toward the international community and foreign language learning in Japan. The current research is intended to partially assess Yahima's model concerning the relationship between attitudes defined as international posture and WTC. The data for the study were collected students studying English language teaching (ELT) in Tabriz Azad University by using five surveys in instruments. Data analysis showed a positive correlation between attitude (international posture) and WTC, and also a direct path from attitude to WTC. All components of attitude (international posture) including Interest in International Vocation/Activities (IVA), Intercultural Friendship Orientation in Learning English (IFO), Interest in Foreign Affair (IFA) and Intergroup Approach Avoidance Tendency (AAT) had positive effects on WTC. In this research, Tabriz Azad University students demonstrated positive attitude which made them have high WTC and motivation.

[Nadia Mahmoodi, Naser Ghafoori, Davood Amini. Exploring the Relationship between International Posture and Willingness to Communicate in Iranian EFL context. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):466-471] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.71

Keywords: International Posture, EFL, communication, Iran.

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Therapeutic efficacy of myofascial trigger point therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized clinical trial

Mohammad Rahbar^1*, Vahideh Toopchizadeh², Bina Eftekharsadat³, Vahid Ganjeifar⁴

1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Corresponding Author: Rahbarm@tbzmed.ac.ir)

2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

4. Physiatrist, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of disability in the older. Myofascial pain and dysfunction is partly responsible for pain and disability in this condition. This study investigated the efficacy of myofascial trigger point therapy on knee OA. In randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis were divided into two 30 persons groups. Thirty patients were received 16 sessions of usual physical therapy. In addition to physical therapy, intervention group were received myofascial trigger points. Assessed Variables included pain, joint stiffness, physical function, range of motion of the knee and physical performance. There were no significant differences in assessed variables between two groups before treatment, statistically. After treatment, the above variables compared with the pre-treatment results of same group and then with the post-treatment results of the other group. Except for physical performance which was not significantly differing in control group, both groups demonstrated improvement in all variables after treatment. However, comparing the two groups revealed that all variables in intervention group are better than control one except for joint range of motion. Physical therapy is an effective approach for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. This effectiveness can be enhanced by adding the treatment of myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome.

[Mohammad Rahbar, Vahideh Toopchizadeh, Bina Eftekharsadat, Vahid Ganjeifar. Therapeutic efficacy of myofascial trigger point therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized clinical trial. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):472-478] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.72

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, myofascial pain, physical therapy

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Understanding Usability Issues of Pakistani University Websites

Saqib Saeed, Ali Amjad

Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Shangrila Road Sector E-8 Islamabad, Pakistan

saqib.saeed@bahria.edu.pk

Abstract: Websites are a popular medium for information sharing. University websites are maintained to facilitate students and teachers for information and news update. In order to be effective, websites must be user friendly. Information retrieval should be designed in such a way that users can easily search the required information. Similarly, website layout, structure, navigation and functional modules should be easy to use so that students can easily understand the information and feel comfortable while using the university website. In this paper we present results from a survey, which examined usability of university websites in Pakistan. Questionnaire was designed using Nielsen heuristics of usability and responses were collected from different stakeholders. The results help to understand the usability issues in the websites maintained by universities in Pakistan.

[Saeed, S., Amjad, A. Understanding Usability Issues of Pakistani University Websites. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):479-482] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.73

Keywords: Usability, heuristic evaluation, universities, digital divide

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Combination of Matched Filter and Gabor Filter for Retinal Vessel Extraction

 Javad Rahebi, Fırat Hardalaç

Department of Electrical & Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gazi, Ankara-Turkey

(Rahebi) javadrahebi@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper a method is proposed to fine-tune the performance of matched filter using a Gabor filter structure to improve the overall vessel segmentation accuracy. The proposed Gabor filter structure classifies each pixel as vessel or non-vessel based on the output of matched filter and several other features extracted on the pixel level. The vessels are detected by thresholding the retinal image’s response to the matched filter, while the threshold is adjusted by the image’s response to the Gabor filter.The ground truth output is available from images labelled manually by observers. Several experiments were conducted to achieve better performance for matched filter and the error in pixel segmentation between the available ground truths.

[Rahebi J, Hardalaç F. Combination of Matched Filter and Gabor Filter for Retinal Vessel Extraction. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):483-486] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.74

Keywords: Matched filter, Gabor filter, Retina Vessel extraction.

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The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement

Sadigh Masafoor

Department of Science and Technology, Government of India

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship between different parenting styles (authoritarian, autocratic, and permissive) and the educational achievement of students. For that matter, a sample of 262 people has been chosen amongst male and female students at the first grade of theoretical high schools in the city of Karaj, through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The necessary data has been collected by the use of measuring tools like the parenting style questionnaire of Diana Baumrind (1971). The validity and reliability of the mentioned questionnaires was confirmed. The results of multivariable regression analysis, obtained through the simultaneous method, had indicated that there was a meaningful and positive relationship observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the academic achievement, and there is not a relationship observed between the two other styles (autocratic and permissive) and the educational achievement. Also, there is a meaningful difference the educational achievements of male and female students, which was clarified through the statistical test for the independent mean differences (the independent t).

[Sadigh Masafoor. The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):487-494] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.75

Keywords: Parenting styles (autocratic, permissive, authoritarian), educational achievement

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Sage leaves (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract attenuates hepatic injury in Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in rats

¹Eilyad Issabeagloo*, ²Mohammad Taghizadieh, ³Jafar Asadi

1- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Special Surgery, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3-MS of Animal Physiology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: Dr.e.issabeagloo@gmail.com

Tel: +98-914-4079927

Abstract: Oxidative stress is suggested as a mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus complications. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sage leaves extract on oxidative stress of hepatic tissue in isoniazid-induced diabetic rats. The lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was measured to assess free radical activity in the liver tissues. The enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as indicators of antioxidation in liver tissue. Wistar rats were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were randomly separated into four groups, of 10 animals each: Group 1, healthy control rats; Group 2 non-diabetic rats treated with 50 mg/kg b.w./day intraperitoneal injection of sage extract; Group 3, diabetic rats; Group 4, diabetic rats treated with sage extract (50 mg/kg b.w./day, i.p.) for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment, MDA contents of the liver tissue in Groups 3 was found to be significantly increased as compared with Group 1 (P<0.05) and liver MDA level in Group 4 were significantly decreased as compared with Group 3 (P<0.05). The GSH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px contents of the liver in Group 3 were significantly decreased as compared to Groups 1 (P<0.05) and were increased in Group 4 as compared to Group 3 (P<0.05). The results obtained, demonstrated that sage extract alleviate oxidative stress of hepatic tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

[Eilyad Issabeagloo, Mohammad Taghizadieh, Jafar Asadi. Sage leaves (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract attenuates hepatic injury in Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):495-500] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.76

Keywords: sage leaves (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Oxidative stress, Diabetes mellitus, Liver, Rat.

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Correlation of the traditional approach and information – communicational technologies in training of the future ecologists in Kazakhstan

Kamalbek Meirbekovich Berkimbaev, Madina Murzakhanovna Akeshova, Abdilda Tursynkhanovich Meirbekov and Gulmira Pernebaevna Meirbekova

H.A.Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, B. Sattarkhanov Avenue 29, 161200 Turkistan town, the main campus, South Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan

shakenovakesheva@mail.ru

Abstract: The students of «Ecology and chemistry» department at A.Yasawi International Kazakh – Turkish University in the course of the subject «Environmental Monitoring» on the theme “Metals” were taught in two ways: the traditional approach and using the information-communicational technologies. Comparative analysis of the statistical results for the experimental and control groups was carried out. The results obtained by the use of the information-communicational technologies show improvements in training of the future ecologists. The use of information-communicational technologies in teaching system shows an increase, which points to a significant improvement and higher achievement by the students. The improvement is also represented in higher average grades of the experimental group and it shows the effectiveness of integration of the traditional approach and using the information-communicational technologies in training of the future ecologists.

[Berkimbaev K.M., Akeshova M.M., Meirbekov A.T., Meirbekova G.P. Correlation of the traditional approach and information – communicational technologies in training of the future ecologists in Kazakhstan. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):501-507] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.77

Keywords: integration, the information-communication technologies, the traditional approach of training of the future ecologists.

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Certain probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria from the Iranian dairy product “Richal”

F. Karimpour ^{1, 2}, F. N. Tkhruni¹, K. J. Karapetyan¹, S. H. Razavi ³

^1-Scientific and Production Center “Armbiotechnology” of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan.

²- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Food & Drug and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kohgiloyehva Boyerahmad, Yasuj, Iran.

³-Professor. Dr. in Food & Biotechnology Process Engineering, Head of center of excellence application of modern technologies for producing foods and drinks functional University of Tehran, Iran.

Correspondence to Farzad Karimpour: saverzida@yahoo.com

Abstract: Traditional dairy products have lacto acid bacteria and source of probiotics, In our country, there are different kinds of traditional dairy products which are produced from sheep and goat milk such as drinking yoghurt, yoghurt, kashk, gharaghooroot, cheese, etc, so many authors mentions about beneficially of probiotics properties for human being.The new potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Iranian dairy beverage Richal were isolated and investigated. The Richal, technology of which is to ferment milk in bags of sheep, goat skin tanned with the addition of special local herbs and salt, was used. The morphological and physiological properties, resistance to various concentrations of bile (0,2-1.0%), the range of pH (2-10), resistance to enzymes (pepsin, trypsin), the rate of growth in skim milk was studied. Selected LAB had different properties. 17 strains were selected with promising probiotic properties: fermented milk for 4-16h, were resistant to bile, enzymes, possess antimicrobial properties and had a high growth rate. The results testified that isolated new perspective strains can be used as basis for obtaining the new products of functional nutrition significance.

F. Karimpour, F. N. Tkhruni, K. J. Karapetyan, S. H. Razavi. Certain probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria from the Iranian dairy product “Richal”. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):508-512] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.78

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, Iranian Kohgiloyeh traditional fermented milk, Richal massti, Mashk, antibacterial activity.

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Investigation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from domestic Iranian product Richal Masti

Farzad Karimpour

Institute of Biotechnology NASA (National Academy of sciences of Armenia) 14 Gyurjan Str., Yerevan, Armenia,/ Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Food & Drug and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kohgiloyehva Boyerahmad, Yasuj, Iran.

Correspondence to Farzad Karimpour: saverzida@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fermentation of traditional foods, as a hurdle technology, is profitable in terms of food quality, preservation and Decontamination of toxins, often found in food. The category of dairy, Fermented milk products are cultured made from whole or skim, that require specific lactic acid bacteria to develop their characteristic flavor and texture. In Iran we have a lot of tradition fermented milk so this study is Morphological, isolation, characterization the occurrence of micro flora and lactic acid bacteria in a kind of Richal, the traditional dairy beverage used in the south of Iran. Richal is prepared in skin churn tanned container sheep and goat (Mashk). The beverage is produced by three method, the Richal Masti was prepared, which consists of special local herbal and salt with full fat yoghurt, kept in environmental condition some days for natural processing same as source. The prepared sample was transferred to the Institute of Arm Biotechnology in Armenia from Kohgiloyeh region in Iran.For the first time have been separated lactate bacteria (LAB) from the traditional Iranian drinking yoghurt Richal. There have been set forth results of microscopy investigations and estimation of the growth of the separated isolates of LAB on agar and broths MRS and milk. Out of 27 LAB have been selected which some strains have probiotic properties.

[Farzad Karimpour. Investigation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from domestic Iranian product Richal Masti. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):513-516] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.79

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, Richal Massti, probiotic, Kohgiloyeh, Mashk

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Phylogenetic Relations of the Various G sub-haplogroups in Azeris and the Development of Early Agriculture in the Northwest of Iran

Ardeshir Bahmanimehr

Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Science of Armenia

Abstract: Based on contemporary DNA distributions and cautious inferences on migratory histories, considering previously localized the potential geographic origin of haplogroup G-M201, by using high-resolution phylogenetic relationships containing both G1-M285- and G2-P287- related lineages, this research tries to find some genetic evidences to trace the spread of early Neolithic agriculture in the Northwest of Iran. For Iranian Azeris, the presence of haplogroup G-M201 has been associated with the spread of agriculture, as it reported especially for the European context (King RJ, et al., 2011). Considering general frequency pattern of haplogroup G in Iranians, it could be inferred that mountainous and unique harsh geography of west and northwest of Iran might facilitated the establishment of specific lineage of Neolithic agriculturalists, e.g. G haplogroup, in the region. However uninhabited Great Salt Desert created particular sharp border in the center and east of the country and cut further distribution of these lineages to the eastern neighbors and east part of Iranian plateau. Diversity of subhaplogroup G2-P287 among Iranians and coalescent time of the lineage formation in the region reflect a phylogenetic branching event that is in consistency with historical events. In this study, the distribution of informative G sub-clades from the Near/Middle East and the Caucasus has been studied.

[Ardeshir Bahmanimehr. Phylogenetic Relations of the Various G sub-haplogroups in Azeris and the Development of Early Agriculture in the Northwest of Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):517-521] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.80

Key words: Haplogroup G, Iranian Azeris, Y chromosome

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Effect of numerical models of flow hydraulics and sediment distribution of reservoirs

Hamid Reza Zahabi, Mahdi Amiri, Ramin Amini

^1. Student of the Shahrood University of Hydraulic Structures

^2. Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad Branch, iran

^3. Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract: In this paper we provide a detailed numerical model is presented for predicting the accumulation of sediments in the reservoir. Generally, the pattern of accumulation of sediments in the flow of the dam, reservoir geometry, reservoir storage, and sediment grain size dependent. The main effect of sedimentation in reservoirs, reservoir storage volumes decrease and significant impact on water resources Predict the amount of sediment entering the reservoir and its distribution during operation of the tank is important and it works in the planning, design, operation and maintenance of the tank should be considered.

[Hamid reza zahabi, Mahdi Amiri, Ramin Amini. Effect of numerical models of flow hydraulics and sediment distribution of reservoirs. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):522-526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.81

Keywords: numerical modeling, reservoir sedimentation, sedimentary

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From the perspective of passive defense: necessities for designing and building a safe place

H.Amery Siahoui¹, M.Kameli², M.Soltani³, M.Heidary⁴, E.Mohseni⁵

^1. Department of Architecture, Payam Noor University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

^2,3,4,5. Sama technical and vocational training collage, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Kameli@live.com, Tel: +98-912-5524484

Abstract: In modern wars (sixth generation) enemies take the "removal of activities" policies instead of "removal of people". Regarding this issue in passive defense, designing "safe place" and "refuge" is definable. Safe place is designed and built for short-term use during tension. This place is of vital importance when we cannot use the exits due to destruction or unsuitable circumstances (like infections and insecurities due to the continuance of tension). Safe place must provide necessary equipments to protect people, maintain and control rudimental activities, and continue function in architecture as long as the rescue forces arrive and the situation gets normal. Living in refuges provides temporary accommodation and living situations for one to two months. It also provides protection and organization of activities and management of circumstances and resistance and protection of municipal lifetime. Based on what reviewed, we should foresee following characteristics for these kinds of places: (1) Resistance against blast wave. (2) Resistance of the foundation and shell of the construction against debris. Due to the change of policies in sixth-generation wars, the experiences of imposed war and the wars of the second half of 20^th century will not have efficient use if a new tension occurs. In this descriptive-analytical study, the researcher tries to use the experiences of the important wars of fifth-generation wars to optimize the designing of safe places and refuges according to the needs of sixth-generation wars. Finally some strategies and solutions to design and build these kinds of place are given.

[H.Amery Siahoui, M.Kameli, M.Soltani, M.Heidary, E.Mohseni. From the perspective of passive defense: necessities for designing and building a safe place. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):527-534] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.82

Keywords: Passive defense, construction, architecture, the sixth generation, shelter

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Optimization of Energy Usage by Designing Solar Buildings

M. Kameli *, M. Soltani, M. Ostad Jafari, M. Heidary, E. Mohseni

Sama technical and vocational training collage, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Kameli@live.com, Tel: +98-912-5524484

Abstract: One of the important issue's today's scientific worlds is the topic of sustainable development and sustainable architecture which is followed. Without doubt, unsustainable consumption of nonrenewable natural resources like fossil fuels, the Environment will be at risk in the near future. While, the building sector accounts more than a third of energy. Therefore reduce the amount of energy in Buildings causes toward sustainable development which consistent with the needs of today's generation which put future generation at risk. One of the painters of sustainability in architecture is the use of natural energy and fossil energy consumption and minimum natural environmental conditions and climate so solar building designs which is a step towards its achieving .In this article, has been expressed the important factors in solar buildings design . These factors are included external factors and internal factors. More owner implementation strategies in the design to same energy in buildings also will be presented.

[M.Kameli, M.Soltani, M.Ostad Jafari, M.Heidary, E.Mohseni. Optimization of Energy Usage by Designing Solar Buildings. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):535-539] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.83

Keywords: Solar Energy - Architecture - Optimization - Building.

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A Study on Geomorphic Processes and Forms and Groundwater Resources with Using RS-GIS

Mohammad Reza Hasanlu ¹, Farideh Asadian ², Zahra Arzjani ³, Jafar Khalafi ⁴

^1.Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

^2. Faculty of Geography, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^3. Mohmmad ebn Zakaria Razi, Student Research Center, Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran

^4. M.S. in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Zanjan Province, Iran

Abstract: There are a number of elements impacting the expansion of current groundwater resources, including the role of structural operators viz. faults, seams and gaps, lithological agents among them are the structure of region and topographical elements like the slope and the height of the area in question. Geomorphologic processes and forms are among the most important elements controlling the supply, direction of flow, quality and quantity of groundwater resources and have a serious impact on them. For this reason, in current research, incorporating field studies with remote sensing (RS) we embark providing different maps of affecting factors on groundwater resources and finally incorporating them in Graphic Information System (GIS) which leads to geomorphic map of Saremsaghloo-Gharecharyan map in the Zanjan province. Afterwards, the figures and phenomena obtained are used as a ground for comparison and evaluation of their relationships with groundwater resources in question. According to the conclusions obtained from current research, there is a close relation between geomorphologic phenomena and groundwater resources which shows the possibility of using geomorphologic phenomena for locating groundwater resources. One can mention, according to these facts that plain's north highlands, floodplains, alluvial terraces and alluvial fans are among the most influential elements affecting groundwater resources. On the basis of relation between geomorphologic phenomena and groundwater resources, those regions capable of groundwater resources were diagnosed. After that, a number of suggestions have been putted forward for reinforcing and improving the Saremsaghloo plain, like locating appropriate places for artificial feeding of groundwater resources and constructing underground dams in those areas having groundwater and proper context.

[Mohammad Reza Hasanlu, Farideh Asadian, Zahra Arzjani, Jafar Khalafi. A Study on Geomorphic Processes and Forms and Groundwater Resources with Using RS-GIS. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):540-551] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.84

Keywords: Geomorphologic phenomena, Groundwater resources, RS, GIS.

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A Survey on the Effect of Kindergarten on Social Skills of Preschool Children in Tehran

Neda Sheikh Zakaryaei ¹ (Correspondent Author), Soghra Nikpour², Zahra Daneshvar Ameri³, Hamid Haghani⁴, Nima Ganji⁵

^1. MS c of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^2. Assistant professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran

University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^3. MS c, faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^4. MS e of social statistics, member of scientific board of faculty of management and information, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^5. MA of cognitive psychology, Department of Cognitive Science, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran

n.zakaryaie@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: This study examined the social skills of preschool children in Tehran and the impact of kindergarten on the social skills. Methods: We conducted descriptive and cross- sectional research, to measuring the social skills in preschool children in Tehran and the impact of kindergarten on the social skills. 350 preschool child participated in this study, (175girls and boys). The Preschool social skills questionnaire of Gresham and Elliot has been applied in two forms of parent and teacher. 350 mothers and 350 teachers answered the questionnaire. Results: The result showed from the viewpoint of the teachers and mothers that there was no significant difference between kindergarten and social skills (p>0/05) and Their social skills was moderate. Conclusion: Considering that the social skills of preschool childrenand kindergarten had no connection, So it is better that assessment children's social skills during their entry in to kindergarten and inhance social skills if they had a poor social skills.

[Neda Sheikh Zakaryaei, Soghra Nikpour, Zahra Daneshvar Ameri, Hamid Haghani, Nima Ganji. Taxonomic A Survey on the Effect of Kindergarten on Social Skills of Preschool Children in Tehran. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):552-556] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.85

Keywords: kindergarten, preschool children, social skill.

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Analyzing with SWOT method on traditional desert houses spatial structure against earthquake disaster

(Arabs set buildings as case study)

M. Kameli^*, M. Soltani, M. Ostad Jafari, M. Heidary, E. Mohseni

Sama Technical And Vocational Training Collage, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Kameli@live.com, Tel: +98-912-5524484

Abstract: Earth quake is a dangerous event that kills lots of humans and leaves horrible economical & financial damages every year. The seat of Iran on world earth quake hazard zone, clarify the sensitivity of security issue confront these unpredictable disaster. Most of the desert cities of Iran have traditional texture that involved historical buildings so access to open safe area is too important for scrapping and guarding. Therefore this issue attempted to investigate of harm resistance of special structure of traditional houses against earth quake, by ARABS set of buildings in Yazd as a case study. As regards access to open safe area during of crisis specially earth quake disaster, and supply services either in limited time is so survival. Therefore less accessibility problems and its ruination probability make a serious hazard. This paper with propose of catching the pattern for resent residential units, investigated briefly to adequate of open area of traditional residential units (equal of neighborhoods in new definition) and approachability to these open safe areas tile crisis. In this issue also consider about its complex relationship among the spaces & rooms because of specific centralistic structure, accentuate on safety and security foundation with analyzing data that based on gathering with statistical and experimental methods, by SOWT methodology and verifying spaces with adaptation information. In conclusion, as result of this issue spatial arrangement of this traditional house, consideration of its coordination and dimensions, intrinsically reduce damages financially and physically of earthquake in crisis time and increase the escape time and improving the quality of humans life.

[M. Kameli, M. Soltani, M.Ostad Jafari, M.Heidary, E.Mohseni. Analyzing with SWOT method on traditional desert houses spatial structure against earthquake disaster (Arabs set buildings as case study). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):557-563] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.86

Keywords: earthquake, building set, spatial distribution, dimensions, different access.

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Comparison of single and multiple-dose methotrexate therapy for ectopic pregnancy: a clinical trail

Malihe Amirian ¹, Minoo Rajaee ¹, Usha Moayedi ², Fariba Mohammadi ³, Saeid Hosseini ³

1. Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of medical sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2. Student Research Committee, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3. Hormozgan University of Medical sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

journal.hums@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is potentially life threatening condition. Methotrexate (MTX)is widely used in treatment of EP. The aim of current study is to compare single dose and multiple doses of MTX in treatment of EP. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial 78 patients with unruptured EP who were hemodynamically stable and had EP size less than 4 cm were enrolled in the study during 2008-2011. All patients were undergone transvaginal sonography and β-HCG titration. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups either to receive 50mg/m² intramuscular Methotrexate (MTX) or 1mg/kg/day intramuscular MTX in days one, three, five and seven till β-HCG decreases at least 15%. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference between teo groups in treatment response. (P=0.255). β-HCG decreased percentage was significantly higher in single dose group in comparison with multiple dose group.(P=0.046). β-HCG decreased percentage wasn't significantly different in two groups. No difference was seen in two groups in drug side effect rate. Conclusion: Treatment of EP with single dose MTX is recommended because of lower costs and time needed.

 [Malihe Amirian, Minoo Rajaee, Usha Moayedi^, Fariba Mohammadi^, Saeid Hosseini. Comparison of single and multiple-dose methotrexate therapy for ectopic pregnancy: a clinical trail. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):564-567] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.87

Keywords: Methotrexate, Ectopic pregnancy, Multiple dose, Single dose

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Drought Categorization on the basis of Climatological Components in Sistan & Balouchestan Province (Comparison between north and south of province)

Gholamreza Miri¹, Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari²

^1. Islamic Azad University Zahedan Branch, Department of Geography, Zahedan, Iran

^2. Islamic Azad University Islamshahr Branch, Department of Geography, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Drought is one of the most dangerous natural misfortunes that influences on human society more than others. There are various Meteorological Drought Symbols to study drought. Although there isn't any absolute preference between these symbols but since each symbols has been synthesized for a specific aim, it might be various results based on being or not being drought, then some of them are better for specific areas and applications. Drought is a Meteorological phenomenon that can be found not only in arid and semiarid areas but it can be also found in the moist areas. Then, it is necessary to study on Drought scientifically to decrease effects of Drought. Since Drought can be considered as a hydrologic phenomenon, it should be used Hydrologic Phenomena Methodology to study. Hydrologic Drought is associated to significant decrease of water level of lacks, rivers, reservoirs, etc and Agricultural Drought is a position that moisture content in the soil isn't enough for products. Meteorological Drought is a position that real precipitation is lesser than expected precipitation in the area. If this Drought is continued, it will be led to Hydrologic Drought and Agricultural Drought. It is clear in the controlled area, i.e. Sistan& Balouchestan Province. In this study, Place and Time Patterns, Meteorological Drought Methodology in Sistan& Balouchestan Province are determined and categorized by Interpolation of Normal Z, Rainfall in Geographical Information System (GIS). Climatology of Meteorological Organization and Ministry of Energy will be also determined by using dimensionless criterion method and variable average of dry and wet years during statistical period. on the basis of results from categorizing drought, it found that Drought decreases from north to south and precipitation has been changed each year. Chabahar Station doesn't follow on the given theory and its humid is provided by the sea and doesn't need to ascending factor in the precipitation mechanism. But in other stations, it follows on Convectional Factor that experienced the most frequency and also high level disturbances that are the most plenty of ascending mechanism.

[Gholamreza Miri, Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari. Drought Categorization on the basis of Climatological Components in Sistan& Balouchestan Province (Comparison between north and south of province). Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):568-574] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.88

Keywords: categorization, Drought, Sistan& Balouchestan, Climatological Component, precipitation

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Ecotourism, Expansion, alongside with Dominant Function of Khark (kharg) and Kharko Islan

Dr Toba Amirazodi

Department of Geography, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

E-mail: Toba_Amirazodi@yahoo.com, Tel: +98-912-145-7626; Fax: +98-21-56360468

Abstract: In recent decades tourism industry is one of main reasons of the social and economical development for many countries; so these countries try to gain more portion of it for themselves. The excessive natural and cultural touristy potentialities in Iran made this country to be one of the most attractive sightseeing areas, although; Iran has got the lowest rate of tourists. Khark Island is about 32 km. It is a beautiful coral reef coast; about 98% of oil export has been done through this place. The ecotourism potentialities of Khark and Kharko Islands (about 3.7km far from Khark) are the reason to consider ecotourism and the main activity in these islands which is exporting oil at the same time. This article refers to way of measuring the geographical coordination of the place, and the potentialities, ecotourism attraction of the islands and introduces some ideas in order to expand tourism in the islands.

[Toba Amirazodi. Ecotourism, Expansion, alongside with Dominant Function of Khark (kharg) and Kharko Islan. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):575-578] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj1006s13.89

Keyword:, tourism, attraction, dominant function, Khark and Kharko Islands

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Effect of soil Mechanics in foundation engineering

Omid Giyasi Tabrizi¹, Naser alizade agdam²

^1. BS student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2. BS student of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding Author’s: Omid Giyasi Tabrizi.