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Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses

Rezvaniamin Mehdi; Pournamdar Zahra (Corresponding author); Nazemzadeshoaei Mahshid

Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9816913396, Zahedan, Iran. Email: rezvani. 1386@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study relationship between Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the hospitals nurses in kazeroon city in year of 2010-2011. The research method in this study is correlation descriptive. The participants of this study were 117 nurses in hospitals which were randomly chosen from all nurses and finally, 91 questionnaires were analyzed. The data collection tools included two questionnaires which were about the Job satisfaction and organizational commitment, with 41and 24 questions accordingly. The questions were based on the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was content-based validity and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.88 and 0.86, based on the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. To analyze the data, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (Pearson coefficient correlation, regression analysis) were used. The results of the study showed there was a correlation between satisfaction and organizational commitment. [Rezvaniamin,Mehdi, Pournamdar, Zahra Nazemzadeshoaei, Mahshid. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses, Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):1-5] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.01

Key Words: affective commitment, continuance commitment, Job satisfaction, normative commitment, organizational commitment.

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The Nursing Students Perception of the Community Health Nursing Training: A Grounded Theory Study

Ildarabadi, Es-hagh¹, Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein(PhD) ²,Heydari, Abbas(PhD) ³,Taghipour, Ali(PhD) ⁴.

¹PhD candidate, Department of Post Graduate, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: ildarabadi@gmail.com

² Assistant Professor, Department of Med-Surg, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: karimih2001@yahoo.com

³Associate Professor, Department of Med-Surg, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Email: Heidarya@mums.ac.ir

⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: TaghipourA@mums.ac.ir

Correspondence: Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explain the nursing students’ perception regarding the community health nursing training. A grounded theory design was used. Through purposeful sampling, 14 baccalaureate students of nursing of 5^th and 8^th semesters were selected from a Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were tape recorded and later transcribed verbatim. The Strauss and Corbin’s method was used for data analysis. Data analysis revealed one main category and two subcategories. The main category was the students’ perception, and the subcategories included: mentality about the training (limiting the training to vaccination; rest and entertainment opportunity and lightness and easiness of the task) and medical-oriented vision (position of community health nursing and no need to learning the training subjects due to their non-applicability). Due to improper perception from the community health nursing training, its efficiency would be low and the nursing graduates would not be gaining the competence to fulfill the requirements of the health care delivery system. The findings of this study can help the nursing instructors to modify and improve the community health nursing training programs.

[Ildarabadi, Es-hagh, Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein,Heydari, Abbas, Taghipour, Ali. The Nursing Students Perception of the Community Health Nursing Training: A Grounded Theory Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):6-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.02

Keywords: Community health nursing, Training programs, Grounded theory, Nursing students, Perception.

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The Advantages of Application of Preservative and Security Systems in Banks

Rouhollah Hakemifar

MA of Industrial Management, Managing Director, Consulting Engineers of Horizon Design and Development Company, Iran

Abstract: In today’s world, the more expanded the urban life and industries get, the more complex and widespread the dangers and different forms of crime. Therefore, the methods adopted to prevent such dangers must be varied. The leading method for doing this has been using electronic security systems which have expanded into intelligent security systems due to the growth of technology and IT. Accidents may happen due to a wide range of human errors created by personal traits resulting in errors and conditions, which can be prevented by security systems. Two sets of factors can lead to accidents: direct (insecure actions and conditions) and contributing (physical conditions and management policies). Each accident is evaluated in terms of human force, machinery, physical conditions, and social setting. Another main hypothesis put forth in the present study is investigating the impact of security systems on the productivity of the banks measured through productivity indexes and theories. The findings revealed that:Using security systems influence banks and the society from various social and economic perspectives.Electronic security systems facilitate fulfilling the managers’ tasks in all organizational levels.Online control, shorter control periods, and economizing energy and time are the main advantages of such systems. If the importance of using security systems on the whole bank systems is clear, they could have positive psychological impacts on staff, leading to more peaceful conditions for them during working hours.If banks are equipped with smart security systems, security will increase.Standard security systems can help security officials better detect crime.Based on this study, it was revealed that using security systems improves productivity considerably. A smart security system includes: CCTV systems, fire alarm, and alarm systems. Incorporating these systems while following standards in each system is the key factor in choosing such systems.Security systems can be a preventive factor in banks and if an accident happens, it could be researched.

[Rouhollah Hakemifar. The Advantages of Application of Preservative and Security Systems in Banks. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):12-20] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.03

Keywords: security, management, culture of security systems, banks, picture monitoring.

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Interactive Responsibilities of Urban Management and Citizenship Rights

 Ahmad Khorami, Mehrzad Sarfarazi(Corresponding Author), Mohammad Mehdi Torabikhah Jahromi

MA Student of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Iran

Phd Candidate and Instructor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran (Corresponding Author)

Phd Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract: A citizen is an official member of a city, state or country. This view reminisces citizen the rights and responsibility which have been written and forecasted in law. Legally, the society requires the rules which consider and organize the relations of trade, property, ownership, urbanization, political and even family matters. Hence, the issue of citizenship rights is the relations between citizens, their rights and duties towards each other and the principles, purposes, tasks and methods of its objective. Also the manner of controlling the city and monitoring the quality of harmonious development of city can be regarded as the most important principles that are derived from the fundamental rights. The main debate within civil and citizenship rights are the knowing of citizens with laws and current and practice regulations. Constitution is the most important legal principle that the fundamental principles of rights of a government have been accounted in it and it expresses the organization and the relationship between various forces and public powers and… . Constitution comprises the general principle about the supportive and follow–up aspects of the citizenship rights. The importance of civil rights should be searched in codification of rules and regulations about urban planning and urban management and positive effects of legalizing urban life and other transformative results in urban planning and management. Civic orders and officials have often faced with problems that correct and practical collation with these local and urban problems require laws codification and planned regulations.

[Ahmad Khorami, Mehrzad Sarfarazi, Mohammad Mehdi Torabikhah Jahromi. Interactive Responsibilities of Urban Management and Citizenship Rights, The Advantages of Application of Preservative and Security Systems in Banks, Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):21-30] (ISSN:1097-8135). Http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.04

Key words: Citizen, Citizenship rights, Ideas of citizenship rights, Source of citizenship rights, Education of citizenship rights, Different approaches to citizenship rights, Social responsibility of the citizens into citizenship rights.

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The effect of sex education on sexual satisfaction increase of couples' in Esfahan

Fatemeh Sehat ¹-Narges Sehat ²- Marzieh Shahsiah³- Siamak mohebi⁴-Yaser Tabaraie^*5

¹ MA counseling, Qom Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

² MA counseling, Qom Payame Noor University, Qom, Iran.

³Family counseling, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

⁴ Faculty members of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

^5* Faculty members of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, sabzevar, Iran.

^*Corresponding Author: yasertabarraie@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of sex education on sexual satisfaction increase of couples in Esfahan. The research hypothesis was “Sex education of couples was effective on sexual satisfaction.” The research method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The statistical populations were couples referring to cultural centers in Esfahan in 2011. The sample was 30 couples selected through systemized random sampling and allocated into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group had 6 educational sessions but not the control one. The research measure was the researcher-made sexual satisfaction questionnaire. The results, with covariance analysis, showed that sex education is effective on sexual satisfaction improvement (p<0/001). [Fatemeh Sehat,Narges Sehat, Marzieh Shahsiah, Siamak mohebi,Yaser Tabaraie. The effect of sex education on sexual satisfaction increase of couples' in Esfahan. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):31-35] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.05

Key words: Sex education, sexual satisfaction, couples.

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Evaluation of Relation between Teachers’ Mental Health and Students’ Educational Progress

Yahya Naghizadeh^1*, Horiyeh Shahzadeh²

1- Ph.D Student of Strategic Management of Passive Defense, Supreme National Defense University, Tehran, Iran (*Corresponding Author)

2- MS.C Student of Exercise Management, Teheran Pardis University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Management is an essential part of social life, life dynamics and social activities and a social development depends on developing of education system of that society. As the major aim of descriptive researches is to investigate and describe the existing situation, the main purpose of this research also is to identify management styles and teachers' mental health. In this study, the Statistical population is all of high schools’ and conservatories’ principals of five educational districts of Tabriz that have been identified as principals in the educational year 2010 as well as all of upper secondary education male teachers. 59 (17.3%), 76 (22.3%), 95 (27.9%), 57 (16.7%),and 54 (15.8%) were selected from sample community of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 districts, respectively. 310 of 341 selected teachers answered the questions but 31 did not answer. 12(3.5%),20(5.9%),257(75.4%),21(6.22%) of 310 respondent teachers had diploma, junior diploma, BA, and MA or upper degrees, respectively. The most people agreed on question No. 39 that were 218 and the least people were 27 about questions 28 and 32. About agreed question the most rates (206) was about question 25 and the least rate (64) was about questions 32. Total of 182 people opposed questions 30 and 24, and 6 of total people opposed Question 39. Furthermore, the highest number of completely opposed (107) was in question 40 and the lowest number (3) is relevant to question 33. Thus, 25 percent of teachers have lower than 42.5, 25% between 42.5 and 44.5, 25% from 44.5 to 46.8 and 25% higher than the 46.8. Although In this study, any association between teachers’ mental health and educational achievement of students was not observed, can’t be claimed that teachers' mental health is not related to educational achievement.

[Yahya Naghizadeh, Horiyeh Shahzadeh. Evaluation of Relation between Teachers’ Mental Health and Students’ Educational Progress. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):36-39] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.06

Keywords: teacher, student, mental health, education.

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Relationship between manager’s communicative skills and parent–teacher associations in elementary schools in Ardabil during 2012

Mahereh Jafari^1*, Mohammad Ali Farnia², Yousef Namvar³

1- M.Scof Educational Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author)

2- Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3- Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, ArdabilBranch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract: Skills with parent–teacher association function in elementary schools in Ardabil. The statistical population included 180 managers in first and second district of Ardabil and 940 parent- teacher association member. The sampling method was cluster random sampling. The data was collected through Barton`s standardized questionnaire on communicative skills, and researcher – made questionnaire concerning parent–teacher association members. Using cronbach`s Alpha the reliability of the tools was 0.72 and 0.80 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, T test, Pearson’s correlation and ANOVA were used. To analyze the data SPSS software was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the managers` communicative skills communicative and parent-teacher association function. The results also indicated Female members` function more than male members. One- way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the parent-teacher member`s academic schooling and their function. The higher the academic level, the more is their participation in the process

[Mahereh Jafari, Mohammad Ali Farnia, Yousef Namvar. Relationship between manager’s communicative skills and parent–teacher associations in elementary schools in Ardabil during 2012. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):40-46] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.07

Key words: communicative skills, (verbal, listening (audition), feedback), Parent – teacher association.

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wareness of Midwifery students of Qom University of Medical Sciences on pregnant women’s Rights Charter

Hoda Ahmari Tehran¹, Helaleh Oveisi², Ashraf Khoramirad³, Roya Baghani⁴, Yaser Tabaraei⁵*

¹ Faculty Member, Research Center for Religion and Medicine and Medical Ethics, Qom University of Medical Sciences

² Department of English, University of Tehran, International Campus, Iran.

³ Faculty Member, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences.

⁴Roya Baghani .M.Sc. of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran

^5*Yaser tabarraei: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: yasertabarraie@yahoo.com

Abstract: Midwifery care is based on a respect for pregnancy as a state of health and childbirth as a normal physiologic process and a profound event in a woman's life. A student of midwifery must follow the College's philosophy of midwifery care, as well as a comprehensive set of guidelines, known as standards. For example, there are standards for equipment and medication, and medical ethics. More specifically, the aim of this study is Examining Awareness of Midwifery students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2010 on pregnant women’s rights Charter. Methodology: The sample of this study was chosen from undergraduate midwifery students. Having collected the data, the following data analyses were performed. A descriptive analytical way was conducted using the scores of participants. Non-parametric statistics was used for examining the performances of participants on a questionnaire. Questionnaire consisted of two parts. Results: The results showed that the percentage of the knowledge about the rights of pregnant mothers was graded as good 37.9%, average 44.9%. Based on findings there was no significant relationship between knowledge and work experience (p>0.05).Conclusions: As the results revealed, level of students’ awareness towards pregnant women’s rights charter was moderate, and also none of them were familiar with this special statement. It is suggested that planners, educators, and instructors at the midwives college notify students of midwifery with the rights of pregnant women from the beginning of study.

[Hoda Ahmari Tehran, Helaleh Oveisi, Ashraf Khoramirad, Roya Baghani, Yaser Tabaraei. Awareness of Midwifery students of Qom University of Medical Sciences on pregnant women’s Rights Charter. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):47-50] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.08

Keywords: Awareness, students of midwifery, rights of pregnant women.

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Studying of the effect of systematic risk on accounting conservatism evidenced from Iran

Javad Afshari¹, Yadollah Noorifard², Yunes Ahmadzadeh³, Omid Maghsoudi⁴

M.A. Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University-South Tehran Branch, Iran.

Ph.D.Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University-South Tehran Branch, Iran

³M.A, Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

M.A. Department of Accounting, Allameh Tabataba, i university

afshar.javad@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is a risk with any opportunity and we can not remove all risks. Also regarding the fact that in higher systematic risk management less conservative approaches are used strategically, in the present research we are going to study the effect of systematic risk on conditional and unconditional conservatism in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine the systematic risk we have used the market model and to calculate conditional and unconditional conservatism we have used the models posed by Ball, Shiva Komar, Giuli&Hyne. 90 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange in the time period between 2007 and 2011 were investigated in this study. To test the hypotheses, we have used the linear regression model. The findings of the research showed that systematic risk has a meaningful and positive effect on conditional and unconditional conservatism. [noorifard Y, Afshari J, Ahmadzadeh Y, Maghsoudi, O. Studying of the effect of systematic risk on accounting conservatism evidenced from Iran. Life Sci J 2013; 10(5s):51-57] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.09

Keywords: systematic risk, conditional conservatism, unconditional conservatism.

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Assessment of humoral immunity in workers occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation

Mehrangiz. Rajaii Oskouii¹, Soheila. Refahi^2,3, Masoud. Pourissa⁴, Yaser Tabarraei^5*

¹Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

²Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.

⁴Neurosciences research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

^5*Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: yasertabarraie@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of low levels of ionizing radiation on immunoglobulin, complement levels in radiology workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of immunology, college of medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Iran. during the year of 2006-2007. Blood samples were taken from 45 radiology staff and from 35 subjects who had never been exposed to radiation. Samples were analyzed for immunoglobulin, complement levels. Results: Serum total IgA, IgM, c3, c4 levels were as significantly lower in the radiology workers exposed to ionizing radiation compared to the controls (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed in IgA, IgM levels and age in radiology workers (p<0.05). A statistical significant difference between IgA, IgM and c3 and working period was found in this study. Conclusion: The present study suggests that exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation causes decreased IgA, IgM, c3, c4 levels in radiology workers. Further studies are needed for determining the appropriateness of periodic check-ups of immune functions for detecting early changes in the immune system. [Mehrangiz. Rajaii Oskouii, Soheila. Refahi, Masoud. Pourissa, Yaser Tabarraei. Assessment of humoral immunity in workers occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):58-62] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.10

 Keywords: Immunology, X- ray, Occupational radiation exposure.

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Allelopathic potential of soybean (Glycine max L.) on the germination and root growth of weed species

Homa Mahmoodzadeh^*, Mitra Mahmoodzadeh

Department of Biology, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

*Corresponding Author: homa_mahmoodzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Water extracts that were obtained from the shoots and roots of Glycine max were used to determine their allelopathic potential in relation to the germination and seedling growth of the weed species (Sorghum halepens L.) and (Secale cereale L.), in laboratory bioassays. The shoots and roots of G. max were soaked separately in distilled water in a ratio of 1:1 (w/v) for 24 h in order to prepare the aqueous extracts. Distilled water was used as the control. The seeds of the target species were germinated in Petri dishes and counted daily for up to 7 days. The G. max shoot extract (100%, 75%, and 50%) decreased the seed germination of S. halepense and S. cereale. The shoot extract caused the most reduction in the germination index and germination speed in S. halepense. The mean LC₅₀ value of G. max shoot and root extracts in relation to the germination inhibition of S. cereale was 40% and 38%, respectively, and 43% and 41%, respectively, in S. halepense. All four concentrations of the shoot extract proved to be more phytotoxic than the root extract, reducing the root length of all four species, while the root extract decreased the root length of S. cereale at the 100% concentration. The S. halepense seeds were more sensitive regarding germination, as compared to S. cereale. The shoot aqueous extract of G. max was more phytotoxic, as compared to the root aqueous extract, even at the lowest concentration (25%).

[Homa Mahmoodzadeh, Mitra Mahmoodzadeh. Allelopathic potential of soybean (Glycine max L.) on the germination and root growth of weed species. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):63-69] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.11

Key words: Glycine max L., Sorghum halepens L., Secale cereale L., allelopathy, seedling growth.

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Space Adaptive Technique to Simulate Butterfly Option Using Black-Scholes Equation.

¹N. A. Mir, ²S. Ahmad and ¹M. Ashraf

1Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan,

2 Informatics complex of computer and control, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad.

muhammad.ashraf91@yahoo.com

Abstract: A grid adaptive finite difference technique is instigated to valuate butterfly spread call option for one asset using Black-Scholes equation. The grid is refined near three exercise prices and a coarse grid is generated otherwise. The non unoform finite difference scheme is used in this computation. The numerical experiments show that the adaptive finite difference method is much more efficient than the method with uniform spacing. The grid adaptation technique reduces the points drastically which in turn decreases the computational cost and makes the algorithm highly efficient. A fully implicit and explicit scheme is also compared in this computation.

[N. A. Mir, S. Ahmad and M. Ashraf. Space Adaptive Technique to Simulate Butterfly Option Using Black-Scholes Equation. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):76-79] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.13

Keywords: Non-uniform grid, Strike price, Butterfly spread, Black-Scholes, Finite Difference method.

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The Blended-Learning Management Model in Developing Information Literacy Skills for Students at the Institute of Physical Education

Nuanphan Chaiyama

Faculty of Education, Institute of Physical Education Phetchabun Campus, Phetchabun, Thailand

c_janpen@hotmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: The objectives of this research were to develop an efficient blended-learning management model in developing information literacy skills for students at the Institute of Physical Education, and to study the outcome of the development information literacy skills in students taught by the blended-learning management model at the Institute of Physical Education. Methods: The current study was an experiment of One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The samples were 30 first-year physical education students at the Institute of Physical Education, Phetchabun Campus who were enrolled in the course ST 071001: Information Technology for Learning, during second semester of 2012. Results: The study found that the efficiency of BL-ILS model was at the “Very Good” level ( = 4.65). The students’ competency in literacy skills after learning with the BL-ILS model were higher and here was a significant different of pretest and posttest average scores (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The BL-ILS model was appropriate for learning management in other higher education courses. It also could be used as the core of learning management in different sciences because it enhances self-directed learning and allows students to learn independently and efficiently.

[Nuanphan Chaiyama. The Blended-Learning Management Model in Developing Information Literacy Skills for Students at the Institute of Physical Education. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):80-86] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.14

Keywords: Blended Learning, Information Literacy Skill, Learning Management Strategies.

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Evaluation of contamination of cattle’s raw milk to Johne’s disease in farms of Kaleybar region

Younes Anzabi 1^*, Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui², Behzad Abbasvand², Vahid Badiheh Aghdam³

1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Students of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Graduated of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding author’s Email: anzabi_y_576@yahoo.com

Abstract: Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease is a chronic disease that is untreatable in all ruminants and economically it is important. The clinical signs of Johne's disease lead to a decrease in the production and productivity of breeding animals. On the other hand, the important point is the possible role of bacteria causing the John disease in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease in humans. The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate the characteristics of PCR technique on samples of raw milk and feces of cows to identify the positive cases infections of John’s diseases (Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis) in comparison with direct smear microscopy and second, to determine the bacterial contamination of milk produced in farms of Kaleybar region in order to understand the epidemiology of John’s disease in cattle milk and its possible role of it in causing Crohn’s disease in human. In this study, referring to 9 dairy traditional nomads in the region; a total of 69 dairy milking cattle were selected as the study population which had clinical signs of Johne’s disease. The slides prepared from stool following special staining under Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN) and through bacterioscopy; clamping of acid-fast bacteria have been investigated in the developments and the number of positive and negative cases were identified. Then all stool and milk samples were immediately transferred to Biotechnology laboratory.These samples were centrifuged and then the DNA extraction was performed on sediment .In continue the extracted DNAs from each sample used as the template in the Thermal cycler machine for PCR. The results of this study showed that a total of 138 samples tested in PCR technique, 44 samples were positive containing 32% of total samples. Meanwhile of total 138 tested samples in direct microscopic examination only 28 samples showed positive response to the test. That is equivalent to about 20 percent of the total number of tested samples.

[Younes Anzabi, Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui, Behzad Abbasvand, Vahid Badiheh Aghdam. Evaluation of contamination of cattle’s raw milk to Johne’s disease in farms of Kaleybar region. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):87-92] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.15

Keywords: Evaluation; contamination; cattle; raw milk; farm.

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Ultrasonographic Thicknesses of Ruminal and Abdominal Wall in High Yielding Holstein Dairy Cows

Mohsen Ahmadi Roozbahani¹, Arya Badiei²٭, Mohammad Gholi Nadalian³, Abbas Veshkini⁴, Sebastien Buczinski⁵, Mohammad Mashayekhi⁶

1. Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

5. Clinique ambulatoire bovine, Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de medicine vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada

6. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

٭Corresponding author . TEL.: +982634402251

Email address: abadiei2000@yahoo.com ( Arya Badiei).

Abstract: Ultrasonography has been used as a non invasive method for examination of gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Rumen status and rumen health are importance in high producing dairy herds. In this study the normal values of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness in mid lactation cows were measured and abnormal cases were evaluated with ultrasonography. On ultrasonogram, ruminal wall in all of the cases were constituted by two layers but in some cases such as fluid accumulation or ascite were imaged as three layers. The mean ± standard deviation of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness (two layers) were 17.31 ± 3.08 and 8.01 ± 1.36 milimeters respectively. So, ultrasonographic investigation of left abdomen and their values of the thicknesses could be a part of rumen health evaluation in dairy herds but more researchs should be done for this matter in high producing dairy herds.

[Mohsen Ahmadi Roozbahani, Arya Badiei, Mohammad Gholi Nadalian, Abbas Veshkini, Sebastien Buczinski, Mohammad Mashayekhi. Ultrasonographic Thicknesses of Ruminal and Abdominal Wall in High Yielding Holstein Dairy Cows. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):93-96] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.16

Key words: Ultrasonography; Dairy cow; abdominal wall; Ruminal wall; Thickness.

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A Study on the Relation Between the Role Conflict and Ambiguity with the Burnout Among the Staffs of The Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar

Azam heidari, Alireza Kia

Islamic Azad University, shoushtar Branch, shoushtar, Iran

Abstract: This study is mainly focused on analyzing the relationship between the role conflict and ambiguity with the Staff’s burnout of the Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar in 2012. The sample selected in this research is 200 staff of the Shoustar’s Islamic Azad University, who was selected randomly. The present research is an applied, descriptive and field research. The data analysis is a correlation type. In this research, the standard questionnaire (Rizzo, House and Lirtzman) is used to measure the conflict and role ambiguity and (Maslach and Jackson, 1993) to measure the staff’s burnout. To extract the results of the questionnaires, the descriptive statistics (frequency tables. Percentages, means, etc.) And to do the hypothesis tests, the analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and regression,) were used. By the use of the above-mentioned statistical methods, and by the use of SPSS, the data were analyzed. The results showed that, there was a significant difference between the dependent and independent variables.

[Azam heidari, Alireza Kia. A Study on the Relation between the Role Conflict and Ambiguity with the Burnout Among the Staffs of The Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):97-102] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.17

Keywords: role conflict, role ambiguity, burnout, staff.

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Evaluating the efficacy of ^99mTc- ECD radiodrug in cat's brain scintigraphy

Gholamreza Assadnassab¹, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei², Babak Mahmoudian², Mohammadreza Valilou³, Shahin Zavaregi maleki⁴

1- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of Pathology Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

4- General Pharmacologist & Toxinology student PhD, Ubc chemistry collage of Toronto, Canada

Corresponding author: Gholamreza Assadnassab

*Corresponding author's email: assadnassabgh@iaut.ac.ir, assadnassabgh@gmail.com

Tel: 0989144121145

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ^99mTc-ECD radiodrug in cat's brain scintigraphy. In present study, 12 adult healthy cats were selected and brain scintigraphy was done with radiopharmaceutical ^99mTc-ECD in these cats. In this method, the administration of radioisotopes to the body and accumulation of these substances in the target tissues, specific imaging is obtained, which is based on distribution of gamma radiations exposed from these radioisotopes and recording of them. For scintigraphy, animals were taken under anesthetic condition and ^99mTC-ECD was injected from femoral vein as bolus at the 2 mCi. 20 minutes after intravenous injection of radioidrug scintigraphic operations were done. The ROIs can be drawn in all scans and radioactive counts were easily measured. Our results show that the radiopharmaceutical ^99mTc-ECD has excellent evaluate the efficacy in cat's brain scintigraphy.

[Gholamreza Assadnassab, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei, Babak Mahmoudian, Mohammadreza Valilou, Shahin Zavaregi maleki. Evaluating the efficacy of ^99mTc- ECD radiodrug in cat's brain scintigraphy. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):103-106] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.18

Keywords: Brain, Cat, Scintigraphy, ^99mTc-ECD.

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The Comparative Study on the Relation between the Emotional Intelligence with the Effectiveness and the Job Satisfaction among the Iranian Teachers Teaching in Iran and Tajikistan

Alireza Kia, Azam heidari

Islamic Azad University, shoushtar Branch, shoushtar, Iran

Abstract: This study is aimed at analyzing the relation between the emotional intelligence (EI) and its components with the effectiveness and job satisfaction among the Iranian teachers assigned to teach in Tajikistan with the Iranian teachers assigned to teach in Iran. The participants of this study were all the Iranian teachers teaching in Tajikistan and a group of the Iranian teachers who have been equal to the other group regarding job experience and personal information. The data were collected with Siberia Shearing’s EI questionnaire and job satisfaction questionnaire. Furthermore, in this research the descriptive data analysis and the analytical statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, mean comparison) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the emotional intelligence and the job satisfaction. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the components of self-awareness, self-controlling, and social awareness with the effectiveness of teachers’ job. In this study, no difference was observed between the two groups of teachers (teaching in Iran and Tajikistan) in none of the considerable variables. It seems that by employing the emotionally intelligent teachers, or by developing the components of emotional intelligence in them, the level of job satisfaction and teachers’ job effectiveness can be increased, and the educational system which is one of the most effective organizations in training the manpower around the world can be assisted efficiently.

[Alireza Kia, Azam heidari. The Comparative Study on the Relation between the Emotional Intelligence with the Effectiveness and the Job Satisfaction among the Iranian Teachers Teaching in Iran and Tajikistan. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):107-111] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.19

Keywords: the emotional intelligence (EI), Job satisfaction, Effectiveness, and the teacher.

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An Evaluation on Persian Documents Classification Systems Performance by means of Fuzzy SVM and Representative Vector

JafariShorbakhorlo Ashkan¹, HosseinnejadGargari Mihan²­, MalekpourAlamdari Pegah ³­

¹ Computer Science Department, Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran, Ajafari35@gmail.com

² Computer Science Department, Islamic Azad University Jolfa Branch, Jolfa, Iran, m.hosseinnejad@iauj.ac.ir

³ Computer Science Department, Aras International Campus University Of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, pma89@ms.tabrizu.ac.ir

Abstract: Representative Vector is a kind of Vector which includes related words and the degree of their relationships. In this paper the effect of using this kind of Vector on automatic­ classification ­of Persian documents is examined. In this method, preprocessed documents, extra words as well as word stems are at first found. Next, through one of the known ways, some features are extracted for each category. Then, the Representative Vector, which is made based on the elicited features, leads to some more detailed words which are better Representatives for each category. Findings of the experiments show that Precision and Recall can be increased significantly by extra words omission and addition of few words in the Representative Vectors as well as the use of a famous classification model like Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM).

[JafariShorbakhorlo A, HosseinnejadGargari M, MalekpourAlamdari P. An Evaluation on Persian Documents Classification Systems Performance by means of Fuzzy SVM and Representative Vector. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):112-117] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.20

Keywords: Documents Classification, Representative Vector, Stemming, SVM, Fuzzy SVM.

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Addiction Susceptibility and Adolescents: Evidence for Psychosocial Development of Addiction

Ali Zeinali^a, Rogayeh Vahdat^b

^aIslamic Azad University- khoy Branch. khoy, Iran

^bIslamic Azad University- Urmia Branch.Urmia, Iran

Tel: +98-09143409171, E-mail: zeinali@iaukhoy.ac.ir

Abstract: Addiction is characterized by the pathological pattern of drug seeking; the state in which an individual loses control over the use of substances despite the adverse consequences associated with substance use. It is the most troubling aspect of dependency. Studies show the disease of addiction can not be created immediately. Despite access to addictive drugs, if a person is not prone to addiction; he or she won’t develop addiction. The addicts are individuals that some substance is added to their pathological development backgrounds. Tendency for substance and abuse it, developmental unhealthy background and special personal proneness is necessary that without it addiction disease is not caused. This preparation has been described as addiction susceptibility that an adolescence stage is the peak of its expression. Therefore, in addiction, the prevention is the only solution to prevent the disease of addiction. In addiction treatment, in addition to the drug therapy, six pathological development background and destroyed psycho-social aspects, should be paid attention strictly.

[Zeinali A. Vahdat R. Addiction Susceptibility and Adolescents: Evidence for Psychosocial Development of Addiction. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):118-121] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.21

Key Word: Addiction Susceptibility, Adolescent, Psycho-Social Development, Addiction.

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The Effect of Parenting Atmospheres on Children’s Addiction Susceptibility

Ali Zeinali

Islamic Azad University- Khoy Branch, Khoy, Iran

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 16 family parenting atmospheres (16 FPA) on children’s addiction susceptibility (AS). Participants were 508 Iranian adolescents attending school. METHODS: The participants were 14–19 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method. Data were gathered using addiction susceptibility questionnaire-adolescent version (ASQ-AV) and parenting style questionnaire (PSQ). Data were analysed using regression. RESULTS: The results showed that parenting atmospheres 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 13 have an inverse and significant effect on children’s AS. Parenting atmospheres 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 have a direct and significant effect on children’s AS and are significant predictors for children’s AS. CONCLUSIONS: The present study introduce 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 13 parenting atmospheres as the most efficient atmospheres in terms of reduction of children AS and 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16 parenting atmospheres as the most inefficient atmospheres in terms of increase of children AS. Therefore efficient parenting atmospheres training to Parents should be the main goal of drug demand reduction programs.

[Zeinali A. The Effect of Parenting Atmospheres on Children’s Addiction Susceptibility. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):122-127] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.22

Keywords: Parenting Atmospheres, Addiction Susceptibility, Children.

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 Comparison and Improvement of Basic String Metrics for Surname Matching

Solmaz Khatami

Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Sarvestan, Sarvestan, Iran

Abstract: For combining information from heterogeneous information sources, it’s necessary to identify data records that refer to equivalent entities. Variations in representation across information sources can arise from differences in formats that store data, typological errors, abbreviations, and so on. This paper proposes three new techniques named token-based Jaro (TBJ), typological-error-based Jaro (TEBJ), and Jaro combining Soundex (JCS) for matching surnames to improve the field matching quality, and then compares these three algorithms with Jaro metric and Jaro-winkler metric –which are one of the basic descriptions of various field matching algorithms developed to find similarity metrics on the task of matching entity strings. We use a large real world database in Farsi which contains estate information. We utilize surname field of this database to examine and implement. There are typological errors more than other types of errors in our database, so we survey the mentioned algorithms on this kind of errors. According to conclusions; the precision of TEBJ is 0.95 and it is better in proportion Jaro that its precision is 0.88 and Jaro-winkler that its precision is 0.91 and TBJ that its precision is 0.93 and JCS which its precision is 0.92 in our dataset.

[Solmaz Khatami. Comparison and Improvement of Basic String Metrics for Surname Matching. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):128-132] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.23

Keywords:Jaro algorithm, Jaro-winkler algorithm, token-based Jaro (TBJ), typological error-based Jaro (TEBJ), precision, true negative, false negative.

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Simulation models of electron density and Temperature variations in the topside ionosphere Plasma

Z. Panahi¹, Z. Emami^1*, S. Shafigh¹, R. Kuhi²

1. Physics department, school of sciences, Mashhad, Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran.

2. Physics department, school of sciences Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.

* Corresponding author: Zahra_Sh_emami@yahoo.com

Abstract: The simultaneous variations of electron density and temperature in the topside ionosphere for low latitude have been investigated under various conditions of season, latitude, height and solar activity. With using the IRI data, models of the simultaneous variations of these parameters are presented and results are compared. The possible reasons for similarity or difference between variations are also discussed. [Z. Panahi, Z. Emami, S. Shafigh, R. Kuhi. Simulation models of electron density and Temperature variations in the topside ionosphere Plasma. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):133-137] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.24

Keywords: ionosphere, electron density, electron temperature, solar activity

Pacs : 94.20.Fg.

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The privatization Process of the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways

Shanam Shakerov

Management faculty, Academy of Sciences, Tajikistan

Abstract: Rail transport in general and specifically with regard to its relative advantages such as reduced fuel consumption, more safety, more compatibility with environment, is considered one of the strongest levers of economic growth and development and any plans for economic and social development require attention to necessary planning in rail transport industry. Introducing rail transport as the priority of the country development program, setting goals, increasing rail's share up to 30 percent in load conveyance and 18 percent in passenger conveyance, enlighten the importance of the issue which is just realized in the light of increased productivity and new investment in railway. Given the high capital investment in rail transportation and insufficient budget of the country to address the issue and also the problems of enhancing efficiency in state sector, private sector involvement in this industry has become necessary to transmit the management knowledge and financial resources of this sector and to enhance the performance of the affairs as well.

[Shabnam Shaker. The privatization Process of the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways. Life Sci J 2013; 10(5s):138-141] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.25

Keywords: Privatization, railroad, Iran, privatization process

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Relationship between Blood Groups and Occurrence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) In Patients Hospitalized In Vali-Asr Hospital of Zanjan

Reza Hassanzadeh Makoui

Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

E-mail: Makoui42@yahoo.com

Abstract: Many reports have appeared in recent years suggesting an association between blood groups and various manifestations of heart disease. Most of these studies investigated patients with Coronary Heart Disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between blood groups and occurrence of coronary artery disease (cad) in patients hospitalized in Vali-asr hospital of Zanjan in 2006-2011. In present study, data were collected based on questionnaires which were prepared previously. Questionnaires were filled about patients who were hospitalized in the CCU with unstable angina or myocardial infarction diagnosis. Data showed that blood group O has the most incidence among the patients (127 patients; 35.3%). While, other groups such as A (114 patients; 31.7%), B (88 patients; 24.4%) and AB (31 patients; 8.6%) were latters, respectively. Our results showed that blood group phenotype O without considering the Rh factor is associated with a substantially increased risk for CAD.

[Reza Hassanzadeh Makoui. Relationship between Blood Groups and Occurrence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) In Patients Hospitalized In Vali-Asr Hospital of Zanjan. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):142-146] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.26

Keywords: blood group, CAD, Vali-Asr Hospital, Zanjan.

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[Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):147-154] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

 withdrawn

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Preparation of Bi Substituted Yttrium Orthoferrite Nanopowders by Sol- Gel Method and Investigation of Their Magnetic Properties

A. Beiranvand¹, M. Mehdipour¹, J. Amighian², A. Yousif³ and M. Mozaffari²

^1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Korram Abad branch, Islamic Azad University, Korram Abad, Lorestan, Iran.

^2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

^3. Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University,P.O. Bax 36, PC123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. a.beyranvand@gmail.com

Abstract: Nanopowders of Y_1-xBi_xFeO₃ (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) have been synthesized by the sol gel method. X-ray diffraction identifications show that all the samples have orthorhombic structure and mean crystallite sizes of the nanopowders are in the range of 40 nm, using Scherrer’s formula. Mean particle sizes of the samples were obtained by TEM, which is in the range of 75 nm. The ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra of Y_1-xBi_xFeO₃ nanopowders at 78 and 295 K have been recorded and the results show that all the Fe³⁺ ions are almost at the symmetrical positions. Room temperature magnetization measurements show that with increasing Bi content up to 0.15, the magnetization increases, whereas it decreases for the sample with x=0.2. M-T curves of the samples were recorded at applied fields of 40 and 13500 Oe. Although all samples show a metamagnetic behavior around T_k=225 ˚C and at higher applied field, but for the sample with x=0.2, the behavior is more clear. [A. Beiranvand,M. Mehdipour, J. Amighian, A. Yousif and M. Mozaffari. Preparation of Bi Substituted Yttrium Orthoferrite Nanopowders by Sol- Gel Method and Investigation of Their Magnetic Properties. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):155-161] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.28

Keywords: nanopowder; sol-gel method; metamagnetism; Mössbauer spectra.

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Scrutinizing the antimicrobial effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis (marshmallow) and Matricaria recutita (chamomile) flowers

Pegah Shakib¹, Mojhgan Azad Poor², Pardis Saeedi³, Gholamreza Goudarzi⁴*, Hamideh Rouhani Nejad³,

Somaye Momeni Mofrad², Samaneh Chaharmiri Dokhaharani⁵

^1- M.Sc, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,

Khorramabad, Iran

^2- M.Sc, Department of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^3- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^4- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^5- M.Sc, Department of Basic Sciences, young researches branch, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Falavarjan, Iran

 Goudarzi.gh@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: many plants are used to treatment of some diseases for their antimicrobial activities. Sometimes they are even more effective than antibiotics, because every so often the bacteria become resistant to the respective antibiotic and treatment will be failed. Therefore in the present study antimicrobial features of Althaea officinalis and Matricaria recutita flowers against some standard gram negative and positive bacteria were quested. Methods: the plants Althaea officinalis and Matricaria recutita were collected for the experience and their hydro alcoholic extract prepared by maserasion method. Antimicrobial effects of them scrutinized by micro dilution and disc diffusion methods. Then their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Listeria monosytogenese and Candida albicans. Results: outcomes showed both extracts of Althaea officinalis and Matricaria recutita had bactericide and bacteriostatic effects on all cases. Also the hydro alcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis demonstrated more bactericide and bacteriostatic effects than the hydro alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita as Althaea officinalis in less density illustrated bactericide effect on all except Esherishia coli. Conclusion: consequences of the experience confirm the adequacy and analogy of the Althaea officinalis and Matricaria recutita extracts with antibiotics against the relevant bacteria.

[Pegah Shakib, Mojhgan Azad poor, Pardis saeedi, Gholamreza Goudarzi, hamideh rouhani nejad, Somaye Momeni Mofrad, Samaneh Chaharmiri Dokhaharani. Scrutinizing the antimicrobial effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis (marshmallow) and Matricaria recutita (chamomile) flowers. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):162-166] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.29

Keywords: Althaea officinalis, Matricaria recutita, bacteriostatic, bactericide.

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Resveratrol attenuates nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Yousef Doustar

Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding Author: vetdoustar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism which occurs secondary to an absolute (type І) or relative (type ІІ) lack of insulin. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on nephropathy subsequent diabetes mellitus in rats. In this study, Forty eight healthy male Wistar rats (about 180–200 g body weight) were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 rats each): group 1: normal control; group 2: diabetic rats; group 3: diabetics received resveratrol and group 4: non-diabetics received no treatment. After 4 month, animals of different groups were sacrificed under light anesthesia (ketamine 80mg/kg) 1 day after the end of the treatment. The kidneys fixed in a 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution were embedded in paraffin and were used for histopathological examination. Results showed that there was statistically significant difference between control and treatment group in term of mentioned injuries (P<0.005). Also, there was statistically significant difference between control and treatment group in term of vasculopathy (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that RSV reduced plasma glucose and creatinine, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulated AMPK proteins in diabetes which may contribute to its renoprotective effects in the early stage of DN.

[Yousef Doustar. Resveratrol attenuates nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):167-171] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.30

Keywords: Resveratrol, Kidney, STZ, Diabetes Mellitus, Rat.

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Epidemiology of Addiction Susceptibility in the Students of West Azerbaijan Islamic Azad Universities

Ali Zeinali

Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khoy Branch, Khoy, Iran

Dept. of Psychology, Islamic Azad University; Khoy Branch, Khoy, Iran.

Tel: +98-09143409171, E-mail: zeinali@iaukhoy.ac.ir

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of addiction susceptibility (AS) from the viewpoint of psycho-social development in the students of West Azerbaijan Islamic Azad Universities. Through the identification of potential drug abuse contribute to the guidance in programs of drug demand reduction. The study population consisted of undergraduate students who were aged 18 to 41 years. 592 students participated in this study and were chosen using cluster random sampling method from Islamic Aza Universities of Urmia, Khoy, Makou, Mahabad and Boukan. Data were gathered through Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire - Student Version (ASQ-SV) based on their gender, major, and academic years. Results showed the prevalence of students AS is 4.4 percent. Prevalence of AS in male students is more than females, the single more than married, younger more than older, students of agricultural and engineering departments more than other departments and regular users of cigarettes more than occasional users and non-users of cigarettes. Knowing this information is essential to drug demand reduction programs that male students, singles, low age, students of agricultural and technical departments and students who use cigarettes occasionally or permanently are the most important target groups for primary prevention programs.

[Zeinali A. Epidemiology of Addiction Susceptibility in the Students of West Azerbaijan Islamic Azad Universities . Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):172-177] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.31

Keywords: prevalence, addiction susceptibility, students.

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Activities on EI as welfare development measures for Doctors of IMA – Tamil Nadu State Branch

D. Balaji ^*, Dr. P. Karthikeyan

Department of Management Studies,

Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode – 638012, Tamil Nadu, India

^* Corresponding Author: balablooms@gmail.com

Abstract: The only representative for the Doctors of Modern Scientific System of Medicine is Indian Medical Association (IMA), a national voluntary organization to have high concern and interest on welfare of doctors and hence to the well being of the society, spread across every state of India, at large. Precisely, focusing on the state branch of Tamil Nadu, it formulates unique schemes of the association, namely PPLSSS and FSS with a number of welfare activities, which are scheduled focusing the well being of the doctors with various specializations. The ability to recognize, evaluate, and organize the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups is Emotional Intelligence (EI), which becomes mandatory for a Doctor to sustain, for the wellness of the self, patients and also for the co-workers, in the employed atmosphere. Thus, this article emphasis the philosophy of EI, which are mandatory for contemporary Doctors and thus recommends IMA – TNSB to integrate various Emotional Quotient development activities in their yearly agenda, as welfare development measures of Doctors of Tamil Nadu.

[D. Balaji, P. Karthikeyan. Activities on EI as welfare development measures for Doctors of IMA – Tamil Nadu State Branch. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):178-183] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.32

Key Words: Doctors, Indian Medical Association, Emotional Intelligence.

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Seismic Approach to Urban Design

Arezoo Momenian¹, Meysam Zekavat²

^{1 -} Faculty of Urban Design, School of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Iran

^{2 -} Faculty of Architecture, School of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Iran

Abstract: Earthquake-concerning urban design, which is based on building cities in safer zones, makes communities less vulnerable to severe earthquakes and their consequent risks. Ideally, this type of urban design enables the city’s infrastructure and its core structures to avoid the disabilities and shortages caused by the earthquake and thus simplifies the repair and reconstruction processes. It also decreases the social vulnerability. Therefore, in this paper, first the concept and principles of earthquake-concerning urban design is explained to describe the framework of the research. Then the interdisciplinary interaction, analysis and classification of micro-zonation maps, tsunami and fires after the earthquake will be discussed. The final conclusion of the paper is the summary result of the analysis given in each section and is presented as design approach. Now the key questions is that, according to the principles of earthquake-concerning urban design, whether it will possible to ease the repair and rebuild after the earthquake. The data collection method is the library type. The studies are in fact seeking to apply the principles, to show that the built environment around us, including homes, offices, schools and hospitals... have a better chance to survive the devastation caused by severe earthquakes. A correct seismic design enables the building to stay persistent without damage to low-intensity shocks, and not to subvert in the face of severe earthquakes.

[Arezoo Momenian, Meysam Zekavat. Seismic Approach To Urban Design. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):184-189] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.33

Keywords: Urban design - Earthquake - Tsunami - Interdisciplinary interaction.

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Prevalence and fertility of hydatid cyst in slaughtered Farm animals of Tabriz city, Iran

Garedaghi Yagoob

Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding Author: Y_garedaghi@yahoo.com; Y_garedaghi@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: Species under genus Echinococcus are small tapeworms of carnivores with larval (metacestode) stages known as hydatid proliferating asexually in various mammals including humans. Hydatidosis is one of the most important health problems in Iran. Scrutinizing disease situation in local intermediate and final hosts to find appropriate controlling and preventing methods is of special importance. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and types of hydatid cysts in entrails of slaughtered food animals in Tabriz city. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, arranged with Veterinary Office and Slaughterhouse of Tabriz, all 4981 food animals slaughtered along the study were investigated of having hydatid cyst after butchering and separation of internal organs. The isolated innards of the slaughtered animals were examined of having hydatid cyst by trained experts administrated by researchers. If a cyst be traced by experts, all information about slaughtered food animals and contaminated organ was recorded on especial sheets and then sent to Research Laboratory of Parasitology Department, veterinary Medicine Faculty, to determine its fertility status. Of 4981 food animals studied 259 (5.2%) were infected by Echinococcus granolosus, among them, 2.8% were sheep, 8.1% were cattle, and 11.1% were water buffalos. The highest frequency of cysts was pulmonary type of hydatid cyst. About 27% of cysts were fertile and the other 73% were infertile. The fertility rates of hydatid cyst in sheep, was 37.5% for liver and 28.5% for lung; in water buffalo, it was 44% for liver and 46% for lung; and in cattle, it was 44% for liver and 40% for lung infection. The results of this study showed that the rampancy of contamination by hydatid cyst as well as its fertility rate was obviously high in slaughtered water buffalos. So, because of economic forfeitures of obliteration of these contaminated entrails and to prevent the transmission of the infection to human, it is extremely necessary to control propagation of the disease in this region.

[Garedaghi Yagoob. Prevalence and fertility of hydatid cyst in slaughtered Farm animals of Tabriz city, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):190-193] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.34

Key words: Hydatid cyst, slaughterhouse, farm animals, fertile, Tabriz.

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Histogenesis study of skin in sheep

Sajjad Hejazi¹, Sina Yaghoubi*², Mohamadreza Delghandi², Farzin Javid ³

1 - Departmenet of anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Tabriz branch,Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran.

2 – Graduation of veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Tabriz branch,Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran

3– Veterinary Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Tabriz branch,Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran.

*Corespondig auther

Hejazi.sajjad@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim of this research is based on the study of face's skin in ((ghezel)) sheep.This study done on 100 sheep embryos. Mentioned embryos were sampled accidentally from Tabriz mechanized slaughter's house. Length of the collected embryo's were measured by X=2.1(Y+17) formula. Collected embryos were in the age of 40to130 days. After fixation of embryos in 10% formalin, samples from face (including single hair follicle's and sensitive hair follicles)gathered.After providing the histological samples and using hematoxilin-eosin coloring method, samples studied. In the first levels of developing the skin, epidermis layer was provided from a layer a basal (quboidal cells) and covered by a layer of squamus cells called periderm. In the 8^th week of pregnancy, interstitial layer was created because of germinal layer's proliferation and in the 14^th week of pregnancy the interstitial layer changed to a layer of spinosal cells. In the last one-third of the pregnancy form of the skin changed to keratinized. Appearing the hair follicles, fat glands and sweat glands started in 9^th week. Fat and sweat glands disconnected from hair follicle and simultaneously, myoepithelial cells appeared with sweat glands. Against all of the mammals that hair follicle grows by beveled angle, in sheep we are faced with perpendicular form of hair growth, in conclusion it's clear that the 13^th week of ewe's embryo's life is a sensitive period for appearing skin structures. While melanocytes, myoepithelial cells, fat and sweat glands appear in this week. From results of this research, it’s clear that the development pattern of ewe's embryo's skin is in accordance with human embryo.

[Hejazi S, Yaghoubi S, Delghandi M, Javid F. Histogenesis study of skin in sheep. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):194-198] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.35

Keyword: Histogenesis, Sheep, Skin.

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Evaluation of Actual Field Ageing on Silicone Rubber Insulator under Coastal Environment

Majid Rezaei¹, Iman Ahmadi-Joneidi^1*, Afsoon Parhizgar¹, Hasan Kahuri², Ahmad Sayani²

^1. Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

^2. Hormozgan Regional Electric, Bandar abbas, Iran

*Email: iahmadi@nri.ac.ir

Abstract: Insulators in the field experience synergistic effects of temperature, UV radiation, rain, clear mist, and contamination. One of the problems related to outdoor polymeric insulator is erosion and tracking of the weathershed which can affect the reliability of power system. This paper presents investigations on the performance of outdoor 63 kV silicone rubber insulators after seven years of field exposure. The insulator performances were evaluated in laboratory by measurements of leakage currents under clean fog and salt fog conditions. Also visual inspection, hydrophobicity classification and material diagnostic technique have been used to detect defective in service silicone rubber insulators. The polymer content of some surface regions decreased as degradation increased. Scanning electron microscopy, Thermo-Gravimetric, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and energy dispersive x-ray analysis used to identify the elemental composition of virgin and aged surface of insulator. Peak values of leakage current and cumulative charge are measured in clean fog and salt fog chamber. Also, inclined plane tracking and erosion resistance test have been done on the silicone rubber samples. The changes in the surface morphology and material structure were examined before and after the ageing.

Majid Rezaei, Iman Ahmadi-Joneidi, Afsoon Parhizgar, Hasan Kahuri, Ahmad Sayani. Evaluation of Actual Field Ageing on Silicone Rubber Insulator under Coastal Environment. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):199-205] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.36

Keywords: Ageing, Silicone rubber, FTIR-ATR, Hydrophobicity, Surface analysis, TGA.

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Seasonal prevalence of abomasal nematodes in small ruminants slaughtered at Tabriz town, Iran

Garedaghi Yagoob^*, Bahavarnia Seyed Razi

Department of Pathobiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Y_garedaghi@yahoo.com, Y_garedaghi@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats slaughtered in Tabriz town from January 2012 through June 2012 with special emphasis given to Haemonchus species. During the study period 200 abomasa of sheep and 200 abomasa of goats were examined according to standard procedures. Three genera of nematodes were identified in both sheep and goats abomasa with overall prevalence of 88 % (n = 200). And 79.5 % (n = 200), respectively. The specific prevalence rates observed were 77.2 % for Haemonchus spp., 44.1% for Trichostrongylus axei, and 16.3% for Teladorsagia spp. in sheep and 73.1 % for Haemonchus spp., 36.2 % for T. axei and 17.3% for Teladorsagia spp. in goats. Generally a high infection rate with abomasal nematodes was observed in both sheep and goats of the study area.

[Garedaghi Yagoob, Bahavarnia Seyed Razi. Seasonal prevalence of abomasal nematodes in small ruminants slaughtered at Tabriz town, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):206-209] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.37

Key words: prevalence, abomasal nematodes, Tabriz, sheep, goat.

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Measuring Service Quality In Terms of Passenger Satisfaction of Front Office Personnel in Private Airline Companies, India

Dr. M.V. Subha ^{1, *}, Ms.R. Archana ²

 1. Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Anna University, Regional Centre – Coimbatore-641047

2. Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University, Regional Centre – Coimbatore-641047

subhamv@gmail.com, arautcbe@gmail.com

Abstract: This study measures service quality on terms of passenger satisfaction of front office personnel in Indian private airlines. It aims to assess the passenger level of expectations and perceptions towards front office personnel working in private airlines. It also analyses the gap between passengers’ expectation and perception level towards service quality of front office personnel working with private airlines in India. Based on the SERVQUAL instrument (Parasuraman 1985, 1991), the 5 dimensions; Tangibility, Empathy, Responsiveness, Reliability and Assurance are used here. The findings of this study showed highest level of passenger satisfaction to be Assurance (Mean – 4.05); and, in terms of passenger perception the highest score is found to be Tangibility (Mean – 4.45). The findings also showed that the SERVQUAL gap was analysed as the positive disconfirmation where the airline passengers perceived service performance has exceeded passengers’ expectation towards the service quality of front office personnel of private airlines in India.

[M.V. Subha, R. Archana. Measuring Service Quality In Terms of Passenger Satisfaction of Front Office Personnel in Private Airline Companies, India. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):210-215] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.38

Key words: Passenger Satisfaction; model; Front office personnel; Private Airlines.

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Investigation of Weak form of Efficiency Hypothesis in Tehran Stock Exchange

Hassan Balali Varnosfaderani

Master of Accounting, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: In an efficient market, prices ‘fully reflect’ available information. The aim of this paper is testing weak form efficiency in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) at 2010-2011 period with data of weekly returns of TSE. for do it, this paper has used Kalman Filter method for testing weak form of efficiency in TSE. Results indicate that Tehran Stock Exchange is inefficient. Therefore predicting stock prices is possible by using past data and /or technical and financial surveys of the prices in this market.

[Hassan Balali Varnosfaderani. Investigation of Weak form of Efficiency Hypothesis in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):216-218] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.39

Keywords: Efficiency Hypothesis, Tehran Stock Exchange, Kalman Filter.

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Assessment of Jalan Sri Pulai/Lebuhraya Skudai-Pontian Signalized Intersection Performance

Abolghasem Zalfi¹, Soheil Yektaparast Movafegh², Amir Tajfar³, Seyed Mohsen Safavi⁴

^1,2,3Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branches, Fouman, Iran

⁴Department of Civil Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Soheil Yektaparast Movafegh (Corresponding author), E-mail: soheil_yektaparast@yahoo.com

Abstract—Traffic signal includes all mechanical or electrical controlled devices used to control, direct, or warn drivers or pedestrians.Main function of an installation of a traffic light at an intersection is to provide right–of–way to vehicles on each approach to increase traffic handling performance. Traffic delays and queues are principal performance measures that enter into the determination of intersection level of service (LOS). Level of service for signalized intersections is defined in terms of control delay, which is a measure of driver discomfort, frustration, fuel consumption, and increased travel time. The purpose of the study was to evaluate signalized performance of Jalan Sri Pulai/Lebuhraya Skudai-Pontian intersection located in skudai town, Johor Bahr, Malaysia to determine whether the vehicles movement at the junction is still in the stable condition or not. Data of traffic volume, saturation flow and traffic movements were collected during a peak hour. Based on analysis and findings done both by manual and TRANSYT 13 software, level of service (LOS) for this signalised intersection is stated as B, implying with good progression of traffic movement, short cycle lengths, or both in which consequently will decrease environmental externalities.

[Abolghasem Zalfi, Soheil Yektaparast Movafegh, Amir Tajfar, Seyed Mohsen Safavi. Assessment of Jalan Sri Pulai/Lebuhraya Skudai-Pontian Signalized Intersection Performance. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):219-228] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.40

Keywords: level of service (LOS), saturation flow, control delay, capacity.

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Hydrocarbon Generating Basins and Migration Pathways in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Naglaa S. Mohamed¹, Ahmed N. Shahin¹, Ahmed M. ElKammar²

¹Natural Resources Dept, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University

²Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University

Corresponding Author: NaglaaSaleh 74@gmail.com

Abstract: The study aims to investigate the influence of rifting on the processes of organic matter maturation, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and migration, as well as the influence of rifting on the preservation of accumulated hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Suez. The study identified the presence of sixteen generating and expelling troughs based on the results of thermal burial histories: Darag, Nebwi, Lagia, October, Fieran, Amer, Belayim, July, Ramadan, Morgan, West Zeit, East Zeit, Ashrafi, Ghara, Gemsa, and Sharm troughs. These names were given after geographic areas or known oil fields in the proximity to the respective trough or in its vicinity. All the source formations in the sixteen troughs reached top oil window and expelled their hydrocarbons at 10 million years before present (mybp) and continued till present. Such timing post-dates the Early Miocene Mid Clysmic or Mid Rudeis "disturbing" event and the Late Miocene Messinian "quiet" event, which suggest high Migration and accumulation efficiencies for hydrocarbons generated in these troughs. The Darag, Amer, Belayim, Ghara, and Sharm troughs are considered the highest in preservation as migration started the latest among other troughs (4.8 and 2.5 mybp relative to 10 to 6 mmybp for the July, Ramadan, Morgan, West Zeit, East Zeit, Ashrafi, and Gemsa troughs). The suggested prospective areas for future exploration should be located updip and in the hydrocarbon migration pathway.

[Naglaa S. Mohamed, Ahmed N. Shahin, Ahmed M. ElKammar. Hydrocarbon Generating Basins and Migration Pathways in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):229-235] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.41

Keywords: Petroleum Potential, Thermal Burial History, Great African Rift, Gulf of Suez.

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The Control of Buck Boost DC-DC Converters for DC Motor Drives on variable DC Voltage by Using Neural Network

Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti ^1,*, Toraj Tayebbifar ², Mohammad Shaker ², Pegah Nouri ³

^1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Rouzbahan University College, Sari, Iran

^3. Young Researchers Club, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran

* Corresponding Author

Abstract: In this paper, a neural network control scheme of a DC-DC Converter Buck Boost DC variable voltage to generate a DC motor drive has been applied, is proposed. In this technique, a neural network learning algorithm, a learning algorithm is back propagation. Controller design, the voltage output DC-DC Converter Buck Boost Converter pursues performance improves during the admittance process. Furthermore, to investigate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed controller, some operations such as starting and reference voltage variations are verified. Numerical results of simulation show that the proposed controller has better performance compared to PI controller is using.

[Kamarposhti M A, Tayebbifar T, Derafshi Kh, Shaker SH, Nouri P. The Control of Buck Boost DC-DC Converters for DC Motor Drives on variable DC Voltage by Using Neural Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):236-240] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.42

Keywords: Buck Boost Converter, Neural Network Controller, PWM.

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Analysis of mystical symbols of Majamalbahrein of Katebi Neishabouri

Khalil Hadidi ¹, Hamidreza Farzi ¹, Rostam Amani Astamal ²

^1- Department of Persian Literature, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2- PhD Student of Persian language and literature, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz. Iran

rostam90@ymail.com

Abstract: Survey on the poems of Katebi Neishabouri as poet of ninth century indicates use of symbolism in his mystical stories. The structure of Katebi’s mystical poems particularly “Delroba”, “Sinameh” and “Majmaolbahrein” is symbolic. In this article, mystical symbols of “Majmaolbahrein” containing 1150 couplets are investigated. Symbols like flood, thunderstorm, cave, hunting, hunting ground, China, Isfahan, wise man and dream are studied in this work. Some symbols of “Majmaolbahrein” have been employed in poems of poets before Katebi but symbolism of his poetry is innovative and creative.

[Khalil Hadidi, Hamidreza Farzi, Rostam Amani Astamal. Analysis of mystical symbols of Majamalbahrein of Katebi Neishabouri. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):241-247] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.43

Keywords: Katebi Neishabouri, Majmaolbahrein, symbol, analysis.

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Reuse of sedimentary lime and incinerator ash for the production of

Structural concretes

Farshad Maleki Ravasan¹, Ardalan Azardoust² Arash dalili osgouei ³

^{1, 2-} Young Researchers And Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3-Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the effect of different amounts of incinerator ash as fine aggregates replacement and sedimentary lime substitution of cement for the production of Structural concretes. Lime was used to replace 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the total cement volume and ash particles were used as a partial replacement for sand by 50 % of concrete mixtures. The fresh concrete mixtures exhibited lower unit weight and acceptable workability compared to plain concrete. It was found that at the age of 28 days, the compressive strengths of concrete mixtures to decrease below the plain mixtures. In samples F50L25 a good compressive strength was achieved after 28 days of curing. Given the experimental data show new possibilities for this waste materials reuse as structural concrete and give great advantages in waste minimization as well as resources conservation and reduce the cost of materials. [Maleki Ravasan R. Azardoust A, dalili osgouei A. Reuse of sedimentary lime and incinerator ash for the production of Structural concretes . Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):248-252] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.44

Keywords: Green concrete; sedimentary lime; cement; fine aggregate; Incinerator ash; Compressive strength.

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On sufficient condition for Sakaguchi type spiral-like functions of order

Muhammad Arif¹, Waseem Asghar Khan², Muhammad Ayaz¹, Saeed Islam¹

¹Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK. Pakistan

²Department of Mathematics, Sukkar-Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur, Pakistan

marifmaths@hotmail.com (M. Arif), proud_pak@hotmail.com (S. Islam),

mayazmath@awkum.edu.pk (M. Ayaz), waseemasg@gmail.com (W. A. Khan).

ABSTRACT: In our present investigation, motivated from Goyal and Goswami work, we obtain a sufficient condition for Sakaguchi type spiral-like function of order  Some interesting consequences of our main result are also given. [Arif M., Khan W.A, Ayaz M, Islam S. On sufficient condition for Sakaguchi type spiral-like functions of order . Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):253-253] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.45

Key Words: Spiral-like function of order  Sakaguchi type function, Univalent function.

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On the Existence of Solutions for Stochastic Differential Equations under G-Brownian Motion

Faiz Faizullah^1,2, Waseem Asghar Khan³, Muhammad Arif ⁴ and Riaz Ahmad Khan⁵

¹ Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of E and ME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

² College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.

³Department of Mathematics, Sukkar-Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur, Pakistan.

⁴ Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan

⁵ CAMP, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

faiz_math@yahoo.com (F. Faizullah), marifmaths@aukum.edu.pk (M. Arif)

waseemasg@gmail.com (W. A. Khan)

 Abstract: In this paper the existence theory for stochastic differential equations under G-Brownian motion (G-SDEs) of the type  is studied. It is valuated that G-SDEs have solutions even if the coefficient  is a discontinuous function. The method of upper and lower solutions is used to establish the above mentioned theory. As an example, a scalar G-SDE whose second coefficient is the sawtooth function is considered. [Faizullah F., Khan W.A., Arif M and Khan R.A. On the Existence of Solutions for Stochastic Differential Equations under G-Brownian Motion Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):255-260] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.46

Key words: Stochastic differential equations, G-Brownian motion, Upper and lower solutions, Discontinuous second coefficient, Existence of solutions

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Investigating Concrete Shear Wall Construction

Kamran Abubakri

Department of Civil Engineering, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

Abubakrikamran@yahoo.com

Abstract: Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widespread in many earthquake-prone countries and regions, such as Canada, Chile, Romania, Iran, Turkey, Colombia, the republics of the former Soviet Union, etc. This type of construction has been practiced since the 1960s in urban regions for medium- to high-rise buildings (4 to 35 stories high). Shear wall buildings are usually regular in plan and in elevation. However, in some buildings, lower floors are used for commercial purposes and the buildings are characterized with larger plan dimensions at those floors. In other cases, there are setbacks at higher floor levels. Shear wall buildings are commonly used for residential purposes and can house from 100 to 500 inhabitants per building. This type of construction has been described in the WHE reports from Chile (Report 4), Kyrgyzstan (Report 40), Canada (Report 79), Iran (Reports 78 and 87), Turkey (Report 101), and Colombia (Report 109).

[Kamran Abubakri. Investigating Concrete Shear Wall Construction. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):261-264] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.47

Keywords: concrete, shear walls, transverse shear walls, construction, seismic

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Diplomacy of Media - Information Society: Challenge of Identity and Effectiveness

Mohammad Javad Rezaeian

Ph.D. of Journalism from National University of Tajikistan

rezaeianmj@yahoo.com

Abstract: Media diplomacy is a leverage the has found more complex aspects in the information society, and we can no longer expect it to directly affect “target society”,i.e. third world, with a “predetermined goal” through “traditional media” as the era of psychological operations or propaganda, but the purpose of media diplomacy has not changed: "changing attitude of audience" and finally the" accompanying audiences" or the target society is still the fixed purpose of media diplomacy or internet diplomacy in today’s cyber space. However, the challenges of identity and especially effectiveness of the media diplomacy in the framework of investing on "mainstream media" and the use of "direct and indirect methods," still remains and its scope increasingly continues. The relationship of media diplomacy with the Pavlov’s theory of "conditioning" and Chomsky – Herman’s theory of "news filters" are other aspects that criticizes the identity of media diplomacy. Besides, "social networking" as the newest media, namely "the most complex media" which have proven themselves in the field of international conflicts, have brought two questions. These two questions show that, social networks as the new leverages in the field of media diplomacy do not have the same effectiveness of traditional media in media diplomacy. Do social networks are "opportunities" or "threats"? (yahya kamalipour & nancy snow, 2004). Developments in Tunisia and Egypt may raise another answer which proves that, media diplomacy is not as effective as it was before Internet era.

[Mohammad Javad Rezaeian. Diplomacy of Media - Information Society: Challenge of Identity and Effectiveness. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):265-270] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.48

Keywords: Media diplomacy, soft power, soft war, public opinion, social networks, cyberspace

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Evaluating SCS-CN Method in Estimating the Amount of Runoff in Soofi Chay basin Using GIS

Ali panahi

Department of Geography, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

panahin@yahoo.com

Abstract: Every year, due to the penetration of cyclone and different air masses and also local conditions, the resulting flood phenomena cause extreme damage to the natural and economical resources. Sometimes, due to the flood waves or high density of residual materials, hydrometric stations are damaged and consequently the recorded data do not match to real data. Considering the lack of hydrometrical stations in most of the small watersheds, determination of runoff and maximum flood discharge requires a suitable method to estimate runoff and peak flow which to be used in flood and erosion control management plans. In this study empirical CN method is used. In this study, a principle of work method is applying of statistical data (60-90 statistics year of climatology stations Maragheh, Hargalan, Yengejeh, Kordadeh, Alaviyan Dam, Eshan,Moghanjigh and station hydrometric Tazehkand). Spatial data analysis and also using of satellite images for gaining CN map in SCS model with GIS, in the next stage recognized applying the SCS equation, CN map and precipitation layer which zones have the potential for creating of similar runoff. In this study, also due to assessment curve number CN choice several flood danger that the results shows the high correlation between curve number calculated and curve number observed and also resulted that use of weight model in curve number calculate provided to consider all of effective factors in runoff existing and at the result attain reliable estimate of runoff resulting the rainfall.

[Ali panahi. Evaluating SCS-CN Method in Estimating the Amount of Runoff in Soofi Chay basin Using GIS. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):271-277] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.49

Key word: rain fall- runoff- curve number-geographical information system- Sofi Chai basin

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Analysis and Moral Criticism of Adibol Mamalek Farahani Poetry

Rostam Amani Astamal, Ali Dehghani and Hamidreza Farzi

Department of Persian Literature, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: rostam90@ymail.com

Abstract: According to the importance of moral criticism and considering this fact that Adibol Mamalek poems could be investigated according to this perspective, so his poetry is studied in this article in order to get familiarize with implicit aspects of his mentality, thoughts and tendencies manifested in his poems. His moral characteristics are divided into explicit (outstanding) and implicit (strained) aspects. In implicit or dark dimension, the anti moral and anti value poems and in explicit aspect value and teaching poems are investigated. According to the studies and results it can be said that Adib poetry reflects political atmosphere and describes pains and distresses of the people .Of his moral outstanding characteristics it can be referred to attack on the rulers dictatorship, bribe, injustice and encouragement of love and dependency,patriotism, devotion,theism, liberty, hardworking, rationality and etc. In strained aspect of Adib morality it can be referred to extremist pessimism, persuasion of wine drinking, praising and satire.

[Rostam Amani Astamal, Ali Dehghani and Hamidreza Farzi. Analysis and Moral Criticism of Adibol Mamalek Farahani Poetry. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):278-282] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.50

Key words: Adiboll Mamalek, moral criticism, strained, outstanding

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Sowing date and mixing rate could improve crops yield Case study: intercropping of maize and lentil

Reza Siyami, Bahram Mirshekari*, Farhad Farahvash

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Mirshekari@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing date and mixing rate on yield of maize and lentil in intercropping systems in Tabriz, Iran, during 2012. Treatments were sowing date of lentil related to maize (20, 10 days earlier than maize and simultaneously with maize) and sowing rate of lentil (100% maize, 12.5%:100%, 25%:100%, 37.5%:100% and 50%:100% of lentil-maize, respectively, included 100% of recommended seeding rate for lentil as control). Lentil biomass per unit area in monoculture experienced a significant increase up to 255 g per square meter as compared to intercropped treatments. Lentil produced a higher grain yield (26.8 g m^-2), when it was sown 10 days earlier than maize with 100% density. Increasing of mixing rate of lentil led to reduction in maize biomass. When lentil was sown 10 days earlier, the maize produced higher grain yield in 100% maize+12.5% lentil treatment. Sowing of lentil 20 days earlier in 50% optimum density along with maize was more profitable because of higher LER of 2.2. While, LER in sowing treatment of lentil 10 days earlier was lower than unit (0.9) in 12.5% optimum density along with maize. With a view to relative value total (RVT) index, the lentil sowing of 20 days earlier in 12.5% optimum density along with maize (RVT=1.42) was better than sowing of 20 days earlier in 37.5% optimum density with RVT of 1.31. Intercropping of lentil 20 days earlier was recommended in 12.5% optimum density along with maize full density.

[Reza Siyami, Bahram Mirshekari*, Farhad Farahvash. Sowing date and mixing rate could improve crops yield Case study: intercropping of maize and lentil. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):283-287] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.51

Keywords: Biomass, Optimum density, simultaneously cropping.

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A new modification of Newton's method by Gauss integration formula

M. Baghmisheh¹ Y. Mahmoudi² M. Jahangirirad³

^1,2,3 Department of Mathematics, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

baghmisheh@iaut.ac.ir, mahmoudi@mail.com

Abstract: In this paper, we construct a new modification of Newton's method for solving nonlinear equations, which is based on the method of Gauss quadrature integration. It is shown by way of some illustrative examples that the proposed method is a powerful tool for approximation simple root of nonlinear equations. Numerical examples are given to compare the convergent results of this method compared with other existed methods.

[Baghmisheh M, Mahmoudi Y, Jahangirirad M. A new modification of Newton's method by Gauss integration formula. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):288-291] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.52

keywords: Nonlinear equations, Iterative methods, Newton's method, Cubic order of convergence

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Modified Adomian decomposition method for solving a class of hypersingular integral equations of first kind

Y. Mahmoudi, M. Baghmisheh

Department of Mathematics, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Email: mahmoudi@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: In this paper, a new algorithm based on modified Adomian decomposition method is employed to obtain analytical solution of a class of hypersingular integral equations of the first kind. This method avoids the complex function-theoretic, long computations of collocation polynomial-based methods and produces the exact solution.

[Y. Mahmoudi, M. Baghmisheh. Modified Adomian decomposition method for solving a class of hypersingular integral equations of first kind. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):292-297] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.53

keywords: Hypersingular integral equations; Modified Adomian decomposition method.

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Some aspect of Analytic Functions Based on Salagean and Ruscheweyh Differential Operators

Shahram Banaei ¹ ; Nader Rafati Maleki ²; Karim farajeyan ³

^1,3Department of Mathematics, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University,Bonab,Iran

²Department of Mathematics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Sh_Banaei@yahoo.com, N.rafatimaleki@yahoo.com, karim_faraj@yahoo.com

Abstract:The purpose of the present paper is to introduce a new subclass of analytic univalent functions with negative coefficients involving the Salagean and Ruscheweyh differential operators. The various results investigated in this paper include coefficient bounds, extreme points, radii of streakiness, convexity and close to convexity. [Shahram B, Nader R, Karim f^.. Some aspect of Analytic Functions Based on Salagean and Ruscheweyh Differential Operators. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):298-301] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.54

Keywords: Univalence, Univalent function, Coefficient estimate, Salagean operator, Ruscheweyh operator, Radii of streakiness.

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Ultrasonic irradiation could increase germination and seedling vigor of common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), as a medicinal plant

Bahram Mirshekari¹*, Farhad Farahvash¹, Reza Siyami¹, Amirhoushang Hosseinzadeh Moghbeli², Alireza Sotudeh Khiabani³

¹Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN.

² Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Kaleybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kaleybar, IRAN.

³ Department of Physic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN.

Corresponding author: Mirshekari@iaut.ac.ir *

Abstract: Several different priming methods have been reported to be used commercially in agriculture. In order to study effects of physical priming techniques on germination characteristics of common yarrow two experiments were conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, based on completely randomized design with three replications on common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), during 2013. Yarrow dry seeds were treated by ultrasonication, laser irradiation and magnetic field for 5 and 10 minutes and a hydro-priming treatment for 36 hours as control. Results revealed that highest seed germination percentage of common yarrow was obtained from ultrasonic irradiation for 5 minutes (80.3%), lowest from magnetic field treatment of seeds for 5 minutes (56.5%). Effects of laser radiation for 10 minutes and magnetic field in both durations on seedling length were not significantly different with control. Seedling dry weight of yarrow ranged from 7.41 g in ultrasonic irradiation for 5 minutes up to 5 g in magnetic fields. When seeds were primed with ultrasonic irradiation for 5 minutes, seedling dry weight of yarrow increased by 70% more than those primed with distilled water. Seedling dry weight value experienced significant reduction when seeds treated with magnetic field for 5 minutes. It can be concluded that treating common yarrow seeds with ultrasonic irradiation increases its germination and primary growth. [Bahram M, Farhad F, Amirhoushang H.M, Alireza S.K. Ultrasonic irradiation could increase germination and seedling vigor of common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), as a medicinal plant. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):302-305] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.55

Key words: Germination percentage, Irradiation, Physical priming, Primary growth.

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The Effects of Wrestling Competition on Muscle Damage with Reference to Weight and Body Mass Index

C.Berkan Alpay

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey

calpay@nigde.edu.tr

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the muscle damages resulted from wrestling competitions according to the classification of body mass index (BMI) and weight. Voluntary 18 male sportsmen, all of whom participated in international competitions, with age of 20,4 ± 2,8, (years), height of 174 ± 0,5, (cm), weight of 77,4 ± 16,22, (kg), age of beginning to training of 7,45 ± 4,29 (years), and BMI of 21,12±1,01 averagely were selected as subjects for the study. The rules of FILA were applied for the wrestling competitions. The times of meal and resting were taken under control, and therefore, care was taken for submitting similar diets to the subjects. In the study, the levels of serum AST, ALT, LDH, and CK were analyzed so that skeletal muscle damages of the subjects involved in the study could be determined accordingly. Some blood samples were collected from fore arm veins before competitions, immediately after competitions, and 24, 48 and 72 hours after competitions respectively in order to identify the activations of those enzymes. No meaningful difference was observed when the AST, ALT, LDH, and CK levels of the groups were compared with reference to weights and BMI values (p>0, 05), but it was found, when the same time measurements of the groups were checked, that there were some numerical increases at certain time intervals, and then afore stated levels returned to the baseline values at 72^nd hour. Consequently, while no statistical difference were identified among the groups as a result of the measurements accomplished for the aspects of both weight and body mass index, some numerical differences were, on the other hand, determined. It has been considered that the reason for having more increased levels, during post-exercise times, for both light and middle weights was due to increased numbers of technical application of competitions for both of these weights, and therefore, the reason for lagging gathering strength times for heavy weight group was due to, with great possibility, increased mechanical loads applied on the muscles for the ones having body fats at excessive amounts without having simultaneous power increase within the cross-sectional area of weight-bearing muscles.[ C.Berkan Alpay. The Effects of Wrestling Competition on Muscle Damage with Reference to Weight and Body Mass Index. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):306-312] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.56

Keywords: Wrestling, Muscle damage, Weight, BMI, CK

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57

Translation of pictures

Davoud Ghouchi

Department of Art and Architecture, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Translation and interpretation of a new text in relation to opening semantics of the written texts is not subjected but considering applied pictures have been separately devoted along with written texts in relation to semantic translation due to the lack of early education and its internationality of picture's world in connection to global communications itself; however, due to the experiences and various potentials of the audiences and their ability in analyzing the picturesque consequences require categorization and grouping of picture semantic opening issues by the related audiences in this case.

[Davoud G. Translation of pictures. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):313-316] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.57

Key words: translation: recycling phenomenon semantics such as written text or picture and photo.

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The relationship between coaches leadership styles with athlete’s competitive anxiety in the volleyball of medical sciences universities

¹Zahra Rohani, ²Hamid Janani, ¹Hossein Talebian nia

1. Department of Physical Education, East Azarbayjan Research and Science branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract:The main aim of the research is to study the relationship between coaches leadership styles with boy athletes' competitive anxiety participated in the super league of volley ball in the country medicine sciences in 2011. The statistical community of the study is consisted of the whole participants including 12 teams (144 players and 12 coaches) which the sampling is done as total-counting method. The research tool includes a questionnaire of leadership scale at sport (LSS), Chelladurai (1980) and Martins (1990) competitive anxiety questionnaire (SCAT). To analysis the related data, Spearman correlation coefficient was used and Mann- Whitney U test was also applied for comparing the styles from players and coaches comments after Levine test (for variance homogeneity); the comparison of other styles has used Spearman correlation coefficient and t independent test; and also, for evaluating the data, SPSS Software 19 was efficiently applied in this regard. The results indicated that cognitive-competitive anxiety has a positive and powerful relationship with other leadership styles but it does not have the relationship with practice and education leadership styles, democratic and social support; the comparison of coaches leadership styles showed that these coaches apply educational leadership style more than democratic pattern in terms of players views; also, they believe that educational leadership acts better than other styles in this regard. In addition, the related comparison among the athletes showed that there is a positive significantly difference between practice and education and democratic styles; in summary, the effect of leadership style and coaches behavior on athletes competitive anxiety and the importance of applying leadership styles by coaches is more felt in this regard.

[Zahra R, Hamid J, Hossein T.^. The relationship between coaches leadership styles with athlete’s competitive anxiety in the volleyball of medical sciences universities. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):317-322] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.58

Key words: Coaches' leadership styles, competitive anxiety, the super league of boy students of medicine sciences volley ball team

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Players’ Perception of the Effect and Superiority of Self-Talk in Motor Performance

¹ Tayebeh Baniasadi, ²Mir Hamid Salehian, ²Amir Giami Rad, ²Lamia Mirheidari

1. Department of Physical Education, Roudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

2. Department of Physical Education, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate darts players’ perception of the effect and superiority of both instructional and motivational self-talks in dart throwing skills and dynamic balance tasks. To this end, a number of 40 participants were studied in both instructional and motivational self-talk conditions. The subjects rehearsed the phrase I Can in motivational self-talk condition across both dart throwing and dynamic balance tasks whereas they used the phrases Center-Goal and Bend Your Knees for dart throwing and dynamic balance tasks as the instructional self-talk phrases, respectively, before they performed the tasks. The results showed that the subjects preferred instructional self-talk over motivational self-talk in dart throwing task. However, they were found to prefer motivational self-talk in dynamic balance task. The results showed no difference between the potential contributing mechanisms in dynamic balance task; however, concentration, self-confidence and composure were more effective than other mechanisms in dart throwing task. [Tayebeh B, Mir Hamid S, Amir G.R, Lamia M.^. Players’ Perception of the Effect and Superiority of Self-Talk in Motor Performance. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):323-327] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.59

Keyword: Instructional Self talk, Motivational Self talk, Motor Performance

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Analysis of analytic hierarchy process of some algebra factors affecting the field concept over a commutative ring with identity element definition

Sebahat Yetim^*

Gazi University, Gazi Educational Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

ayetim@gazi.edu.tr

Abstract: In this study first, the theoretical frameworks and application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were investigated. Then, the application and the evaluation of Some Algebraic Concepts Affecting The Field Concept Over A Commutative Ring with Identity Element Definition were studied by using AHP, one of the methods of multi criteria decision making. For this purpose Some Algebra Factors Affecting The Field Concept Over A Commutative Ring with Identity Element Definition (FCASF) were assessed and four fundamental factors were found out. These four factors are basic concepts of algebraic structures, transformations of algebraic structures, group and ring . Then each of main and sub factors were ordered in order of priorities by AHP. In addition results and interpretations related to decision making problem were reviewed. Order of priorities of four main factors according to values obtained from AHP was transformations of algebraic structures (0.5669),, ring (0.2732), group (0.1228) and basic concepts of algebraic structures (0.0370). [Sebahat Y.^. Analysis of analytic hierarchy process of some algebra factors affecting the field concept over a commutative ring with identity element definition. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):328-339] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.60

Keywords: Field; Prioritization; Analytic hierarchy process (AHP); Mathematical education

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Review the relationship between firms size with return and risk firms accepted in Tehran-Iran stock exchange

Behnam Samadiyan ¹, Yousef Ghanbari ², Reza jafarnezhad³, Bahram Shadkam Agha⁴

^1.4 Department of accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

^2. Department of accounting, payame Noor University, ir.iran

^3. Department of accounting, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh –Iran

 behnam.samadian@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present research is to study and analyze the relationship between firm sixe and return rate and risk in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The question posed is that what effect does the firm size has on return and risk. Thus, we will deal with studying the relationship between risk and return and firm size in bourse companies to identify whether big companies are more appropriate for investment or the small ones? Since market value of the firm's stocks was considered as the firm size (independent variable in the present research, the research results will show whether purchasing the stocks of companies with more market values will result in more earnings for the investors or purchasing stocks of companies with low market values? Additionally the risk of these two groups of companies will be investigated. In the present research we considered some criteria to select our sample and chose 84 bourse companies during the time period between 2007 and 2011 and studied the relationships between the variables mentioned by using the statistical software E-Views. According to the results the existence of a linear relationship between firm size and return was approved for the years 2008 and 2009 and the existence of a linear relationship between firm size and systematic risk index was approved for the years 2008, 2009, and 2011. Meanwhile, in all the cases above, the relationship between firm size and return and systematic risk index was direct and the regression line slope was estimated to be positive. [Behnam Samadiyan Yousef Ghanbari, Reza jafarnezhad, Bahram Shadkam Agha. Review the relationship between firms size with return and risk firms accepted in Tehran-Iran stock exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):340-343] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.61

Keywords: Firm’s Size, Return, Risk

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Evaluation of high blood pressure, body mass index and blood lipids in obese, athletes and sedentary children in terms of cardiovascular risk factors

Hasan EKER

School of Physical Education and Sports, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey

 hasaneker19@yahoo.com

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity in children has been increasing so much quickly. The study was carried out for evaluating in terms of Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CRF), Body Mass Index (BMI), High Blood Pressure (BP), and some blood parameters. A total of 56 male children between the ages of 11 and 14, 20 of them athlete (mean age 12.80 ± 0.77 years), 19 obese (mean age 12.04 ± 1.18 years), and 17 in the sedentary control group (mean age 11.87 ± 1.18 years) participated in the study to assess the obesity-related risk factors. Of the participants, body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Energy Requirement, body fat mass, lean body mass, Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), Diastolic Blood (mmHg), Blood Sugar (mg/dL), insulin (mU/mL), C-Peptide (ng/mL), HbA1c (%), Cholesterol (mg/dL), Triglyceride, LDL (mg/dL), HDL (mg/dL), CRP (mg/L), hemoglobin (g/dL), Hematocrit (%), and WBC (ml) were measured and recorded accordingly. The calculations and evaluations on the research, therefore, were accomplished using the program package, SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Negatively significant difference (p <0.05) were found in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of obese children when compared both to the control group and the athlete group. The BMI values of the obesity group, therefore, were found meaningfully different from both the athlete and the control groups (p <0.017). Meaningful differences were determined, against the obese children, on blood lipids (p <0.05), and (p <0.017). That obtaining higher CRF levels in child obese than the sedentary and athlete groups shows the necessity of making sports in order to reduce down the CRF level. Some precautions, meanwhile, are needed to be taken in order to prevent the sedentary children from becoming obese adults in their future life. [EKER H. Evaluation of high blood pressure, body mass index and blood lipids in obese, athletes and sedentary children in terms of cardiovascular risk factors. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):344-349] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.62

Key Words: Cardiovascular risk factors, Obese, Sedentary, Athlete, Child

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Studying and comparing the effect of additive earnings management on the predictability of the primary information and revised data

¹Zeynab barzegar, ² Younes Badavare Nahandi, ³Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh

¹M.A, Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

^{2, 3} Ph.D, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Barzegr_acc@yahoo.com

Abstract: Management's estimates and judgments which may affect the quality of financial reporting is realized in accruals. The knowledge level of management and his capabilities in proper assessment of the future events will result in increasing the quality of estimated accruals. Meanwhile, the quality of financial reports is potentially affected by opportunistic incentives of managers. In the present research the enforcement of ideas of management on accruals regarding additive earnings management will be taken into consideration and the existence of opportunistic incentives of managers will be studied through his obedience of a target earning in order to compare predictability of the numbers reported in the preliminary reports and the revised reports. Our statistical sample includes 120 companies from among firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange which have had at least one revision during the years between 2005 and 2010. On the whole, the results showed that the predictability of preliminary accounting information is higher than the information revised in identifying the changes of future cash flows. Also the difference between predictability of preliminary information and the revised information is statistically meaningful. [Zeynab barzegar, Younes Badavare Nahandi, Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh. Studying and comparing the effect of additive earnings management on the predictability of the primary information and revised data. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):350-356] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.63

Keywords: revision of accounting figures, accruals, predictability of accounting figures

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The effect of mandating accounting standards in Iran on the permanence of earnings of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Ali Shahi ¹, Jahangir Alimohammadi ², Arash Zereshki Noobr³

Department of accounting, payam Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, IRAN

accounting_l@yahoo.com

Abstract: The main goal of the present research is to study the effect of implementing accounting standards on the permanence of earnings of companies. The statistical sample of this research entails 84 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 16 consequent years from 1996 to 2011. In first hypothesis of the present research it was predicted that the average earnings permanence of the companies before and after the obligations of applying accounting standards were meaningfully different. The results of testing this hypothesis showed that the differences of averages of earnings permanence in the two periods before and after the obligations enforced are not statistically meaningful. In second research hypothesis predicted that the necessitation of accounting standards has had a meaningful effect on earnings permanence of firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research results showed the negative effects of accounting standards on earnings permanence.

[Ali Shahi, Jahangir Alimohammadi^, Arash Zereshki Noobr. The effect of mandating accounting standards in Iran on the permanence of earnings of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):357-361] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.64

Keywords: accounting standards, earnings permanence

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The Relation between Performance Values with Different Characteristics and Hematological Results of Professional Soccer Players

Alper Karadağ

School of Physical Education and Sport, Ardahan, Turkey

alperkaradag@ardahan.edu.tr

Abstract: Purpose: Soccer which is the most popular sports in the world requires various factors such as technical/biomechanical, tactical, mental and physiological aspects for success. In this study, the relations between the results of performance tests coming from different energy transfer systems depending on intensity and time and hematological results occur in a soccer game of 90 minutes were investigated. Methods: 24 soccer players with age of 22.2 ± 2.0 years, height of 177.0 ± 4.7 cm and body mass of 71.9 ± 6.4 kg joined this study. After measuring the hematological results of the subjets the loss (decrease) in their maximal aerobic (20 m shuttle run test), anaerobic (wingate test) capacities, sprint ability (30 m) and repeated sprint (6 x 30 m sprint) performances were determined. Results: After the findings were evaluated, it was determined that the relation between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and mean power is 0.01 and relation between VO2max and percentage decrement in repeated sprint ability is 0.05, the relation between peak power and fastest sprint value is 0.01, the relation among each hematological values was 0.01. Conclusion: The fuel required in soccer game for motions performed with or without ball is supplied by different energy systems depending on intensity and time. These energy systems are in an interaction in different levels among themselves independent from hematological values.

[Karadağ A. The Relation between Performance Values with Different Characteristics and Hematological Results of Professional Soccer Players. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):362-368] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.65

Key Words: Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Anaerobic Power and Capacity, Sprint Power, Percentage Decrement, Hematological Values, Soccer Players

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Creating optimum portfolio in effective financial markets

Reza Nazeri

Department of Accounting, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: In this article, a mathematical model of the effective financial market in which an investor behaves rationally has been looked through in this regard. In this model, a rational behavior is characterized by each investor to have the optimum portfolio. Thus, there are not any opportunities for the arbitration since the prices of financial instruments are fair in this regard.

[Nazeri R.^. Creating optimum portfolio in effective financial markets. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):369-371] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.66

Keywords: Firm’s Size, Return, Risk, investor, bond, share, call option, efficient financial market, speculative security, average of distribution

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Studying the impacts of tourism from the perspective of residents (Case Study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)

Sanaz Javadzadeh

Payam Noor University, urmia, Iran

Abstract: Tourism is becoming the largest industry in the world and a creator of jobs across national and regional economies. To investigate the status of tourism, the main question of this study is that whether residents are aware of the impact of tourism in improving their local situation? For this purpose, the analytical methods were used and much of the information has been obtained from field studies and SPSS software was used for data analysis. Studies showed that natural environment, particularly climate variability, provides favorable conditions for the development of tourism industry. Residents in all cases studied, were aware of the economic situation improvements influenced by tourism. So it seemed that failure to attract tourist lies in other factors such as deficiencies in infrastructure and overall effectiveness of tourism in the country.

[Javadzadeh S.^. Studying the impacts of tourism from the perspective of residents (Case Study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province). Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):372-375] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.67

Keywords: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, tourism, residents, Iran.

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A Review on Rural Tourism Problems in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province: Case Study

Taghi Karimian^a, Majid Rahmani Seryasat^a, Mahdi Hajilo^b

^a. M. A. Students in Geography and Tourism Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^b. M.A. Students in Geography and Rural Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

t.karimian@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Tourism industry is an integrated process consisted of physical space and human society, new forms of which are resulted from the changes in values and attitudes regarding human life, state-of-the-art technology, explosive growth in data types and political forces. Rural tourism is one of its forms with special considerations. This study is aimed to investigate rural tourism problems in Atashgah Village located in Lordegan City, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The methodology for this study is of analytic descriptive. The study shows that in the study area, there are infrastructural, social and economic problems with tourism need special considerations. Consequently, there has been proposed some strategies to develop tourism activities in the area.

[Taghi Karimian, Majid Rahmani Seryasat, Mahdi Hajilo. A Review on Rural Tourism Problems in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province: Case Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):376-381] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.68

Keywords: Tourism, Rural tourism, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Atashgah Village

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A study on the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational excellence based on EFQM model in Physical Education Offices and Sport Committees of Northern Khorasan province

Hossein Peymani Zad ^{1 *}, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Sekkeh², Neda Asadi ³

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

^2,3. Senior Expert, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Peymanzad128@Gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction and aims: Human resource is the most critical strategic element and the most fundamental way to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization and it leads to development and progress of the community. Emotional intelligence is based on the concept of social intelligence. Social Intelligence is an ability to understand and manage human relations. This study’s aim is to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational excellence based on EFQM model in physical education offices and sport committees of Northern Khorasan province. Materials and Methods: The research was application-based and the data were collected using a descriptive–correlation method. The statistical community consisted of 112 employees of physical education offices and sport committees from 6 cities of Northern Khorasan province in 1391. Due to the limited number of samples, the sampling is carried out in full-counting form. In order to measure the variables, Siberiashring questionnaire for emotional intelligence and Amani Shalamzary questionnaire for organizational excellence was used. In this research, the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression was used to analyze the data. Research’s Findings: This study showed a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence components and organizational excellence. The simultaneous regression test results also showed that the components of emotional intelligence up to a significant level (p0.001) can explain 76% of the variance in organizational excellence. Component of self-awareness (0.480), social skills (0.255) and self-motivation (0.231) are the most important factors to predict organizational excellence, respectively.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested to managers that in hiring and development of human resources they should pay specific attention to the emotional intelligence. Because the people with higher emotional intelligence are more quickly adaptable to new conditions, and also the employees with higher emotional intelligence can effectively introduce new people to new conditions, which leads to save the organization’s time and resources.

[Hossein Peymani Zad, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Sekkeh, Neda Asadi. A study on the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational excellence based on EFQM model in Physical Education Offices and Sport Committees of Northern Khorasan province. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):382-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.69

Keywords: emotional intelligence, organizational excellence, EFQM model

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Comparison of relationship between sensation seeking with job stress in emergency medicine workers and non emergency medicine workers

Mohammad Mahboubi¹, Fariba Ghahramani², Fezollah Foroughi³, Hanieh Shahandeh⁴, Sahar Moradi⁵

^1. PhD in Health Services Administration, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences', Kermanshah, Iran.

^2. MSc in Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

^3. Msc of information sciences, vice chancellery for research and technology, Kermanshah university of medical sciences,Kermanshah,PO box 67145-1619,Kermanshah.Iran,Tel :00988318360016,Email: fforoughi@yahoo.com

^4. Msc of rehabilitation management, Vice Chancellor for Research Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, tel: 00988318360016 Email: hanieh1384@yahoo.com

^5. MD, Vice Chancellor for Research Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, tel: 00988318360016, Email: saharmoradi_81@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Job environment is a strong stimulus for created of emotions and there are several stressful situations which could causes dissatisfaction, low work performance, quit or job-changing .The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between sensation seeking with job stress among emergency medicine workers and non emergency medicine workers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 emergency medicine workers chosen the census method and 60 non emergency medicine workers chosen the convenience sampling method(in general 120 cases), in border cities of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,were selected for study. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and valid and reliable questionnaires of job stress and sensation seeking. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical (Pearson correlation test) statistics. Results: The most rate of job stress among emergency medicine workers was in the level of moderate(46.6 percent) and in the non emergency medicine workers was the low level(56/4 percent) and the most rate of sensation seeking among emergency medicine workers was in the level of lower the moderate(35 percent) and in the non emergency medicine workers was lower the moderate level(40 percent) . The scores of to be thrilled, to be experienced, to be diversity, to be blues and to be scope of inhibition were 0.443,0.463,0. 444, 0.710, 0.701 in the emergency medicine workers and in the non emergency medicine workers were 0.428,0.439,0.418,0.728,0.742 .In two groups, there were indirect relationship between job stress with to be thrilled, to be experienced and to be diversity of the variable of sensation seeking and there was a direct relationship between to be blues and to be scope of inhibition of the variable of sensation seeking. Conclusion: Results can be regarded managers to decrease of losses due to job stress and increase productivity, especially in emergency medicine workers across the country.

[Mohammad Mahboubi, Fariba Ghahramani, Fezollah Foroughi, Hanieh Shahandeh, Sahar Moradi. Comparison of relationship between sensation seeking with job stress in emergency medicine workers and non emergency medicine workers. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):387-392] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.70

Key words: Job stress, Sensation seeking, Emergency medicine workers

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Mediating Effect of Academic Engagement in Relationship between Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement among Adolescent in Tehran

Zahra Houshmand Neghabi¹, Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee²

^1. Faculty member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Islamshahr, Iran

^2. Assist. Prof. & Faculty Member, Department of Commercial Management, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Islamshahr, Iran

ikiu2011@gmail.com

Abstract: Studies have shown the academic self-efficacy and other psychological influences account for considerable variance in academic achievement through a range of meditational pathway, although no research to date has tested the meditational relationships identified. The present study investigated the relations among academic self-efficacy and academic engagement on academic achievement of 500 students aged 12-18 years in Tehran-Iran. The Morgan & Jink academic self-efficacy scale and Short, Feleming, Guiling, & Ropper academic engagement scale were administered to participants prior to academic achievement being assessed using cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The results of a 3-step multiple regression analysis and Sobel-test indicated that the positive effects of academic self-efficacy on academic achievement is significantly mediated by academic engagement.

[Zahra Houshmand Neghabi, Sudabeh Morshedian Rafiee. Mediating Effect of Academic Engagement in Relationship between Academic Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement among Adolescent in Tehran. J Am Sci 2013;10(5s):393-399]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.71

Keyword: Academic Self-Efficacy, Academic Engagement, Academic Achievement

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Multilayer Perceptron network for automatic Driving vehicle

Behnam Ghiaseddin¹, Omid Rahmani Seryasat², Javad Haddadnia^3*

^1, Department of Electrical Engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

^2, Department of Electrical Engineering, Takestan branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

^3. Associate Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University & Center for Research of Advanced Medical Technologies, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^*Corresponding author: Haddadnia@sttu.ac.ir

Abstract: This study aims to determine a special model of MLP Neural Network in controlling the movement of a moving object (e.g. an Automobile) Controlling the movement of an automobile means moving it in a specified path with the ability of controlling two following parameters:1) Steer, 2) Speed The main idea of this work comes from that as the moving object locates in the turns of a path, it has to reduce its speed preventing from departure from the path. On the other hand, the more displacing from zero degree, the more decrease in the speed is required. Accepting the mentioned logic, the outputs (Speed and Steer) have different behaviors and can hardly be determined by a single Neural Network. In such situations, a normal MLP Neural Network includes a hidden layer with a sigmoid activation function. The best of sigmoid activation functions is Hyperbolic Tangent Sigmoid (known as TANSIG in MATLAB), and the output layer includes linear activation functions. The new idea is differing the activation functions of the output layer’s Nodes. This change in functions must include this logic that speed must increase as the path is straight and must reduce as the path faces a turn. If the first layer of the Neural Network determines the degree of turn in the path, the second layer must determine the speed of the moving object and the steer. As the turns of the path changes to either of the sides (Right or Left), the steering must change value to one of these sides as the speed reduces anyway. For this reason, the speed’s activation function has to generate the maximum in the middle of its values and should also reduce its value by moving to the sides, as the steer’s activation function remains linear. For aiming this goal, the Gaussian activation function for the speed control is advised. The goal of this study is to design such Neural Network and survey its results.

[Behnam Ghiaseddin, Omid Rahmani Seryasat, Javad Haddadnia. Multilayer Perceptron network for automatic Driving vehicle. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):400-404] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.72

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Movement Control, Multi Layer Perceptron, Activation Function, Gaussian function.

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Relationship between cultural intelligence of coaches and effectiveness of the Iranian men's national team members

Hossein Peiymani Zad^1*, Somayyeh Poornazarpoor², Hasan Fahim Dovein¹

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

^2. Senior Expert, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

Peymanzad128@Gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction and aims: Mass effectiveness of players and high cultural intelligence of the coaches have an important role in the success of a team. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and competence of trainers in men's national team members of football, volleyball, basketball, and handball. Materials and methods: The research was based on the application and the recommended method of data collection was descriptor-correlation. The statistic population of this study includes the coaches and players of the national teams in four fields of futsal, volleyball, basketball and handball, with the total number of 35 for futsal, 31 for basketball, 31 for handball, 30 volleyball players and 36 coaches were chosen as sample group. Questionnaires for cultural intelligence and mass effectiveness were used to measure the variables. In this study, the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test was used to prove the normality assumption of data, and Pearson-Spearman correlation coefficient test and analysis of variance was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: In the variable of mass efficacy, the highest score was in handball sport players (387.38) and the lowest score was for basketball (351.48). In cultural Intelligence, the highest score was for the national basketball team coaches (83.10) and the lowest score was for the sport of futsal (75.62). At the cognitive and meta-cognitive components the basketball coaches, in motivational factors and behavioral components the handball coaches and in behavioral components the volleyball coaches gained the highest score. Between the cultural intelligence of coaches and mass efficiency of players (p<=0.042), and meta-cognition intelligence of trainers with mass efficacy of national team players there is a statistically significant relationship (p<=0.05). Conclusions: According to the study's findings it can be cautiously concluded that to gain more impact of coaches on the performance of players, in addition to considering other effective factors on the mass efficiency of players, consolidation and improvement of the cultural intelligence of the instructors must be taken into consideration and necessary trainings in this field should be given.

[Hossein Peiymani Zad, Somayyeh Poornazarpoor, Hasan Fahim Dovein. Relationship between cultural intelligence of coaches and effectiveness of the Iranian men's national team members. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):405-409] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.73

Keywords: cultural intelligence, mass efficiency, national players, coaches

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"Sexual activity in relapse process among Iranian drug users- A qualitative study"

Naiemeh Seyedfatemi ¹, Hamid Peyrovi ², Amir Jalali ³

^1. Associate professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, mental health and Psychiatric department, Tehran, Iran

^2. Associate professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, Intensive care nursing department, Tehran, Iran

^3. PhD candidate, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and midwifery, PhD department, Tehran, Iran

a-jalali@razi.tums.ac.ir

Abstract: Background: Among the problems that the patients experience during the recovery period of drugs is the problem with sexual activity. This Article tries to explore of sexual activity among Iranian drug users in relapse process. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with qualitative approach using a content analysis method, in which deep and semi-structured interviews were performed with thirteen participants (ten drug users and three therapists). All interviews were analyzed by content analysis method, and Guba and Lincoln criteria were considered throughout the study to ensure its accuracy. Results: The results emerged as three main themes: sexual lassitude, sexual impotence and avoidance of sexual contact. Discussion: Results showed that sexual problems could of factors play a role in the relapse process in clients and need to be taken into consideration in their caring, treatment and rehabilitation planning.

[Naiemeh Seyedfatemi, Hamid Peyrovi, Amir Jalali. "Sexual activity in relapse process among Iranian drug users- A qualitative study". Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):410-414] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.74

Keywords: Content analysis, Drug users, Relapse, Sexual problems

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New approach to control of ball and beam system and optimization with algorithm genetic

Hamed Ebrahimi Mollabashi, Aref Shahmansouriyan, Soroush Rastegarpour, Amir Hooshang Mazinan

^{1, 3, 4.} Department of Electrical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: A Kind of robust control strategy for a class of under actuated systems with mismatched uncertainties is proposed in this paper. In this approach, multiple layers sliding surface (MLSS), are defined, firstly, divided states system into several subsystems and the sliding mode surface of every subsystem is defined. Secondly, the sliding mode surface of one subsystem is selected as the first layer sliding mode surface. The first layer sliding mode surface is then to construct the second layer sliding mode surface with the sliding mode surface of another subsystem. This process continues till the sliding mode surfaces of all the subsystems are included. Two methods are used for optimization of respond, algorithm genetic (GA) and design compensator at the last layer of sliding mode surface. GA improve the coefficient of sliding mode surface, and compensator, compensated dealing with the mismatched uncertainties. In this paper a new sliding mode control law is designed to guarantee that every sliding surface can converge rapidly to zero. The asymptotic stability of the entire sliding mode surfaces is proved theoretically. The simulation results for the ball and beam system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the method. In extremis, this control scheme is compared with Decoupled sliding mode with fuzzy neural network control (DSMFNNC) scheme in the experiment; the result shows that multiple layers sliding mode control has better than (DSMFNNC).

[Hamed Ebrahimi Mollabashi, Aref Shahmansouriyan, Soroush Rastegarpour, Amir Hooshang Mazinan. New approach to control of ball and beam system and optimization with algorithm genetic. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):415-421] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.75

Keywords: under actuated systems, multiple layers sliding surface, robustness, stability, algorithm genetic.

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A Study on HRD Climate in a Public Sector Cement Company - An empirical study

A. Sasirekha¹, Dr. J Ashok²

¹ Department of Fashion Management Studies, National Institute of Fashion Technology, TN, India

²Bannari institute of School of Management Studies, Sathyamangalam, Erode, TN, India

sasirekhaa@yahoo.com

Abstract: The need for converting human resource into human asset is gaining mammoth importance in organizations in the present day competitive world. This conversion results in the growth of organisations and the country as well. This is possible only if the employees of an organization are satisfied with their organization. That is, the HRD climate prevailing in the organization must be satisfactory to the employees. Hence, the present research was made to study the prevailing HRD climate in the study unit and to suggested measures to improve the same.

[A. Sasirekha, Dr. J Ashok. A Study on HRD Climate in a Public Sector Cement Company - An empirical study. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):422-430] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.76

Key words: Human resources development climate – level of satisfaction of employees.

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Impact Of Customer Relationship Marketing Strategy And Customer Loyalty – A Study Of Banking Sector In South India

Dr. M. Saravanakumar¹, B. Senthil Kumar ²

¹Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Anna University, Regional Centre - Coimbatore. Coimbatore 641047, Tamil Nadu, India. Skumar_rvs@rediffmail.com

² Research Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Anna University, Regional Centre - Coimbatore. Coimbatore 641047, Tamil Nadu, India. nbsk_71@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This research study analyses Impact of Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) Strategy and Customer Loyalty on banking sector in South India. Marketing has made a paradigm shift from transactional approach to relational approach. We are living in a globalized world, where competition has become an unavoidable element of business and customers have become scarce. This has led to a situation where all the firms in the same industry are trying to attract the same customers in various ways, even while offering similar products and services. They are using relationship marketing approach to ensure that the customers remain loyal and come back to them for the same products and services. Today, financial institutions can no longer rely on these committed relationships or established marketing techniques to attract and retain customers. This situation coupled with the pressures of competitive and dynamic markets has contributed to the growth of Customer Relationship Marketing in Banking Sector. This study also studies the impact of various demographic variables of the respondents in association with marketing variables on Customer Loyalty. The aim of this research paper is to understand the impact of Customer relationship marketing on Customer Loyalty. This research was specially studied in Banking sector how they are offering relationship marketing. This customer relationship marketing strategy creates any impact in the Chennai Urban customer’s mind in Customer Loyalty regarding their selected financial institutions. This study was carried out a total of 300 customers in Public and Private Sector Bank account holders in Chennai City. A pilot survey of each sector 30 respondents was conducted to test validity of the questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was used for this complex research project. The target respondents are in each sector account holders. The research analysis was performed using SPSS Statistic 17.0. The statistical techniques applied for drawing statistical inferences and conclusions about the study may include descriptive statistics, one sample t test, one way ANOVA, reliability test, multiple regression analysis and discriminant Analysis. The results of this study clearly revealed that the there is a positive relationship between Demographic factors and Customer relationship marketing strategy. The Customer Relationship Marketing Strategy has a positive impact on the customer loyalty in Banking sector. From the Discriminant analysis, Private Sector banks maintaining good Customer relationships comparatively Public Sector Banks.

[M. Saravanakumar, B. Senthil Kumar. Impact Of Customer Relationship Marketing Strategy And Customer Loyalty – A Study Of Banking Sector In South India. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):431-441] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.77

Keywords: Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) strategy, Customer Loyalty (CL), Banking, Trust, Employees, Communication, Security, Service level, Customer focus, Customer’s word of mouth.

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To evaluate the effects of acupressure by sea band on nausea and Vomiting of pregnancy.

Sima khavandi­zadeh Aghdam^1* and Rafat kazemzadeh²

1- lecturer of MCH, Department of Medicine,Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ardabil Iran .

2- MSC in midwifery, nursing and midwifery school, ardabil university of medical sciences.

Corresponding Author: Sima khavandi­zadeh Aghdam

Abstract: Nausea and Vomiting are the most common disorders of digestive system in the pregnancy. This is a clinical intervention study. Main object was to evaluate the effects of acupressure in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting in primigravida women. In this study 100 primigravida women with nausea and vomiting and gestationl age of 10-16 weeks were randomly selected and divided in two groups. 50 women in the acupressure group or control group and 50 women in the placebo group or cas group. Age, education, profession, BMI, gestational age, nausea and vomiting was matched both groups. Treatment in two groups was four days. In the acupressure group sea bands were placed on neiguan point on hands but in placebo group sea bands were placed on extra neiguan point on hands. there were not significant different in the severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting before treatment in two groups. Severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting decreased significantly after treatment in Acupressure group. This study showed that the acupressure (by sea-bands that is free of side effects and more economical) are effective in reducing severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting in pregnancy.

[Sima khavandi­zadeh Aghdam and Rafat kazemzadeh. To evaluate the effects of acupressure by sea band on nausea and Vomiting of pregnancy.. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):442-456]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.78

Key words: Acupressure, Nausea, Vomiting, sea - bands.

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Study of competition among wild oat (Avena fatua) and triticale lines

Majid Najjari Sadeghi*, Bahram Mirshekari, Amirhoushang Hosseinzadeh Moghbeli, Sahar Baser Kouchehbagh

Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. ^*Corresponding author: Mnajjari@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: A factorially field experiment was carried out at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were 6 wild oat densities (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 plants per meter row) and 19 triticale lines (Dahbi 6, Susi 2, Bat 3, Coati 1, Tapir 1, Pollmer 3, Ardi 1, Erizo 10, Mah 10947, CTY 88, Eronga 83, Presto 2, Beagle 1, Fahad 5, Bull 10, X21295-159, Tesmo 1, Anoas 5,Poppi 2). In Hexaploid lines of triticale thousand seed weight ranged from 51 g in weed free plot up to 33 g in plots with the highest weed density. Yielding ability of triticale at interference with 6 and 12 weed plants per meter row was same as control. Higher weed densities was more effective than lower densities on grain yield. In octaploid lines of triticale tiller number per plant in weed free condition were 4, but when triticale grew along with 6, 12 and 18 wild oat plants per meter row reduced up to 3 and in 24 and 30 weed plants per meter row reduced up to 2. Biological yield of triticale ranged from 0.88 g m^-2 in 24 and 30 weed plants per meter row up to 1.34 g m^-2 in 0, 6 and 12 plants per meter row. Economical yield threshold in triticale lines was started when wild oat density exceed from 12 weed plants per meter crop row.

[Majid Najjari Sadeghi, Bahram Mirshekari, Amirhoushang Hosseinzadeh Moghbeli, Sahar Baser Kouchehbagh. Study of competition among wild oat (Avena fatua) and triticale lines. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):457-459] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.79

Key words: Economical yield threshold, wild oat densities, thousand seed weight.

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Creativity and Oral Narrative Proficiency in Persian Learners of English

Nematullah Shomoossi¹ (PhD), Ehsan Majidi Fard² (MA)

^1. Department of English, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^2. Department of English, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

nshomoossi@yahoo.com, nshomoossi@yahoo.com, e.majidi64@gmail.com

Abstract: Creativity is one of the most important characteristics in language users, which can manifest in both oral and written forms. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between creativity and oral narrative proficiency in Persian learners of English. To do so, 62 university students of English with homogenous language levels were randomly selected. They completed a self-rated creativity measure; the Arjmand Creativity Questionnaire was given to them; also, they were asked to perform two oral narrative tasks including storytelling based on a series of pictures, and storytelling based on the first day experience at the university. The results indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.63 between creativity and oral narrative proficiency, which indicated a relatively strong relationship between the two variables. Implications for teaching EFL are also discussed.

[Nematullah Shomoossi, Ehsan Majidi Fard. Creativity and Oral Narrative Proficiency in Persian Learners of English. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):460-465] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.80

Keywords: Creativity; Oral; Narrative Task; Language Learning.

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Evaluation of maternal weight gain during pregnancy and its association with birth weight in Isfahan city

Siamak Mohebi¹, Gholamreza Sharifirad², Mehdi Kargar³, Marzieh Shahsiah¹, Mohammad Javad Ghasemzadeh⁴, Abolfazl Mozafari⁴, Yaser Tabaraie*⁵

^1- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

^2- Department of Health Education and promotion, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

^3- Department of Health Education, School Health, Fars University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

^4- Department of Medical Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

^5*- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: One of the most important changes in pregnancy is maternal weight gain. As today there are inconsistent views of how much weight gain is optimal, this matter is frequently discussed and surveyed. A few studies have been performed about pregnancy weight gain and correlation with birth weight in Iran. So, the aim of this study was appointment of maternal weight gain in pregnancy and correlation with infant birth weight. Method and material: This was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study. Data was gathered by recording on paper. They were elicited and recorded through family health files. Pregnancy weight gain was obtained by 225 mother files that were referred health centre, using hierarchical-step cluster sampling. Data were analyzed through SPSS software, defining significant level at P < 0.05. Result: Mean of weight gain was 11.73 kg during pregnancy .Moreover, mean of birth weight was 3193 gr while approximately 7.11% of them were LBW and 6.22% were more than 4000gr. Mean BMI was25.3 kg/m² in study group. Pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain was significantly correlated with birth weight gain, through computing Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Discussion: Although mean of weight gain in pregnancy was about optimal value, there was established that noticeable percent of mothers with impotence and normal weight couldn’t optimally gain recommended weight In BMI subgroup. In spite of considerable percent of mothers diagnosed with overweight and obese had weight gain more than standard goal, there were direct significant association between pregnancy weight gains with infant birth weight.

[Siamak Mohebi, Gholamreza Sharifirad, Mehdi Kargar, Marzieh Shahsiah, Mohammad Javad Ghasemzadeh, Abolfazl Mozafari, Yaser Tabaraie. Evaluation of maternal weight gain during pregnancy and its association with birth weight in Isfahan city. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):466-472] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.81

Key words: pregnancy, weight gain, infant birth weight, Body Mass Index.

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Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Affecting Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers in Rural and Urban Regions of East Azerbaijan, Iran

Zhila Khamnian¹ (MD), Anoush Azarfar² (MD), Yalda Ravanshad³ (MD), Maryam Hashemian⁴ (MD)

, Kazem Hasanpour^5* (MD)

^1. MD in Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^3. MD in community Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

^4. Centre for Research of Advanced Medical Technologies. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^5. School of Medicine. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

*Corresponding author: Kazem Hasanpour (MD), E-mail:drhassanpour@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Although exclusive breastfeeding rates have been increasing in most developing countries over the past 10 to 15 years, UNICEF’s statistics show the necessity to educate mothers and increase knowledge and attitude about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months to help mothers practice breastfeeding. Therefore, the present study was done to determine the prevalence of BFD (Breastfeeding duration) and EBFD (Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration) and identifying the main factors associated with discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding, and knowledge and attitude of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2011 through March 2011, with data from 750 mothers who were selected through multistage sampling method and cluster sampling with non-equal clusters pattern. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing demographic information, socioeconomic status of the household (SES), childbirth information, pregnancy and delivery complications likely to influence breastfeeding as well as the knowledge and attitude towards EBFD. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 16 through the application of statistical tests using t-test, chi-square and regression analysis in Univariate and multivariate methods. Results: The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.3±1.2 months; also, the mean duration of any breastfeeding was 20.3±3.68 months. There was higher levels of awareness of the concept of positive feedback of lactation amongst mothers in the urban region as compared to the rural area (p=<0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding situation in this province was good. However, exclusive breastfeeding prevalence had shown a downward trend at four and six months; and the results were far away from to the WHO recommendations.

[Z. Khamnian, A. Azarfar, Y. Ravanshad, M. Hashemian. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Affecting Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers in Rural and Urban Regions of East Azerbaijan, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):473-478] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.82

Keywords: Exclusive; Breastfeeding; Developing Countries; Mother’s Practice; Attitude; Awareness; Iran.

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Prevalence of Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis Infections in Women

Mehraban Falahati¹, Lame Akhlaghi^{2 *}, Maryam Abianeh3, Mehrdad Assadi⁴, Sanam Nami⁵, Rohollah Fateh⁶

^1- Associate Professor, Department of Mycology, Medical Basic Sciences center Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran

mehrabanfalahati@yahoo.com

^2- Associate Professor, Department of Parasitology, Medical Basic Sciences center Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran

Lame.akhlaghi@gmail.com

^3- MSc in Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

^4- Ph.D Student of Medical Mycology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Mehrdad.assadi@gmail.com

^5- MSc in Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

sanamnami@yahoo.com

^6- Ph.D Student of Medical Mycology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Rfateh59@gmail.com

Abstract: Background and Objective: Fungi, parasites, bacteria and viruses are the causative agents of human genitourinary tract infections. One such infection, Vulvovaginal cadidiasis, affects millions of individuals worldwide. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is responsible for 85%-95% of vaginal yeast infections. Trichomoniasis is the most widespread protozol venereal disease after bacterial infections. The rate of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) contamination varies in different areas of the world. This study has been designed to determine the prevalence rates of C. albicans and T. vaginalis infections in woman who were referred to medical centers. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study designed to determine the prevalence rates of C. albicans and T. vaginalis infections in women. Five-hundred vaginal discharge specimens were stained using Loffler (L) and diluted carbol–fuchsin (DC-F) stains, and cultures were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Dorset medium. The data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and Student’s t-tests. Results: One-hundred and fifty participants (30%) were infected with the Candida species. C. albicans caused the infection in 67 of these participants (13.4%), with the remaining 83 participants (16.6%) infected with some other Candida species. T. vaginalis was detected in 7 out of 500 women (1.4%). Conclusion: Candidiasis and trichomoniasis are the two most common infections of the urogenital system in humans. In the present study, the incidence of candidiasis (30%) was higher than previous studies had documented, and the incidence of trichomoniasis (1.4%0 was less than that reported in previous studies.

[Mehraban Falahati, Lame Akhlaghi, Maryam Abianeh, Mehrdad Assadi, Sanam Nami, Rohollah Fateh. Prevalence of Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis Infections in Women. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):479-484] (ISSN:1097 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.83

Keywords: Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, women, Iran.

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SUMO4 M55V Polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Iranian type 2 diabetes patients

Farhad Shahsavar¹, Abdolreza Kheirollahi², Mehrzad Jafarzadeh^3*, Mehdi hedayati⁴

^1. Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^2. Department of Urology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

^3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^4. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

mehrzadjafarzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstracts: Background: We studied the impact of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism on susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Iranian type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and methods: The patient group consisted of 50 Iranian type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy, and the control group consisted of 50 Iranian type 2 diabetes patients without nephropathy. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the M55V. Results: The frequency of SUMO4 AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 48%, 36%, and 16% in the patient group and 20%, 52%, and 28% in the control group. There was a significant increase in frequency of SUMO4 AA genotype in type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy compared to type 2 diabetes patients without nephropathy (48% vs 20%, P=0.003). Discussion: These findings indicate that SUMO4 M55V Polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Iranian type 2 diabetes patients.

[Farhad Shahsavar, Abdolreza Kheirollahi, Mehrzad Jafarzadeh, Mehdi hedayati. SUMO4 M55V Polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Iranian type 2 diabetes patients. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):485-487] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.84

Keywords: SUMO4, Polymorphism, Type 2 diabetes, Nephropathy, Iranian

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The tympanogram types in infants suffering from bronchiolitis

Mohammad Javad Ghasemzadeh¹, Reza Sari Motlagh², Siamak Mohebi³, Yaser Tabaraie^*4

^1- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

^2-Resident of Urology, Urology group, Tabriz University of Medical science, Tabriz, Iran

^3- Department of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

^4*- Department of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: Otitis media is common in children’s who are suffering bronchiolitis. Among viruses RSV is the most etiology of otitis media. On the other hand, RSV is responsible for 50% of bronchiolitis. Involvement of middle ear and eustachian tube is likely in bronchiolitis because of preceding upper respiratory tract infections symptoms. There is no study, including accompaniment of C and B tympanogram, which are signs of eustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear effusion, with bronchiolitis. We decided to measure the existence of pathological tympanograms (B and C) in patients with bronchiolitis in a prospective study. Materials and Methods: In our prospective study. Tympanometry was done in 6 – 24 month old infants, who were admitted to pediatric department with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Results: Among 177 studied infants, B tympanogram was seen in 96 infants (54.2%), C tympanogram was seen in 54 infants (30.5%), and BC tympanogram (One ear is B and the other C) In 18 infants (20.2%). There were only 9 infants (5.1%) with tympanogram A.Conclusion: Based on our findings, 94.4% of patients suffering from bronchiolitis (168 of 177 patients) had pathologic tympanogram. This shows accompaniment of MEE and eustachian tube dysfunction in bronchiolitis. It seems rational to consider prolonged MEE in follow up of bronchiolitis cases because complications of prolonged MEE can be irreversible, In addition, MEE and eustachian tube dysfunction predisposing this patients to AOM(Acute otitis media) and OME(Otitis media with effusion).

[Mohammad Javad Ghasemzadeh, Reza Sari Motlagh, Siamak Mohebi, Yaser Tabaraie. The tympanogram types in infants suffering from bronchiolitis. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):488-492] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.85

Keywords: bronchiolitis, tympanometry, MEE (middle ear effusion)

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Examining the effect of cash dividend on stock turnover: Evidences of Iran's Capital Market

Maryam Goodarzi^1*, Ali lalbar², Jafar Nekounam³, Nasrolla Amoozesh⁴, Hamid Reza Malak Hossini⁵

^1,2 Department of Management, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

^3, Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

^4. Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

^5, Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

M.goodarzy88@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study has first explained the effects of cash dividend and dividend yield on the companies' stock turnover, and then examined the impacts of different ownership percentages on stock turnover and dividend yield. Active companies in Iran's capital markets are considered as the statistical society during the period of 2003-2007.The results suggest that cash dividend has no significant effect on the companies' stock turnover, and that there is no relationship between the cash dividend and the stock turnover. The study of the impacts of institutional ownership percentage on stock turnover revealed that there is an inverse relationship between the institutional ownership percentage of a company and its stock turnover. However, no relationship was found between the institutional ownership percentage and dividend yield.

[Maryam Goodarzi, Ali lalbar, Jafar Nekounam, Nasrolla Amoozesh, Hamid Reza Malak Hossini. Examining the effect of cash dividend on stock turnover: Evidences of Iran's Capital Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):493-501] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.86

Keywords: cash dividend; stock turnover; Institutional Ownership; Liquidity; Size.

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Impact of green roofs on Sustainable Development

Yasaman Asemani¹, zohre torabi², Najme najafi³, Arsalan asemani⁴

^1. Master of architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

^2. Dr. of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

^3. Master of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Beyza Branch, Islamic Azad Univercity, Betza, Iran

^4. Master of animal science, Department of animol notritune, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad Univercity, Shahrekord, Iran

Asemani.ae@gmail.com

Abstract: short-term economic interests and develop urban green space in comparison with other investments, the fund is less. Obligations of developed countries to environmental agreements and charters, as well as public pressure that environmental issues have a more informed view, creating an incentive to identify new solutions in the development of urban green space. Hancock, Ken (2006) The present study investigated the effects of green roofs on Stress boys soccer players 18-14 years. This quasi-experimental method with pre-test - post test and control groups were examined. Szewczyk, Z. (2003).

 [Yasaman Asemani, zohre torabi, Najme najafi, Arsalan asemani. Impact of green roofs on Sustainable Development. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):502-504] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.87

Keywords: green roofs; Stress; Sustainable

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Left Atrial Myxoma Imitate Mitral stenosis

Dr. Farideh Jafari

M.D, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

farideh.jafari.1351@gmail.com

Abstract: Cardiac myxoma is a benign (non-malignant) neoplasm that represents the most common primary tumour of the heart. We present the case of a 36 year old woman with background hypertension who presented with features of left ventricular failure and seizures, and was found during transthoracic echocardiography to have left atrial myxoma protruding through the mitral valve orifice. She subsequently had excision of the atrial myxoma. The usefulness of early transthoracic echocardiography in any patient presenting with features of heart failure even when the aetiology seems obvious cannot be over-emphasized.

 [Dr. Farideh Jafari. Left Atrial Myxoma Imitate Mitral stenosis. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):505-507] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.88

Keywords: atrial, myxoma, mitral

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Serious Toxicity with a Generic Formula of Zol Acid

Dr. Farideh Jafari

M.D, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

farideh.jafari.1351@gmail.com

Abstract: Intravenous zoledronic acid (ZOL) is an integral component for the management of patients with bone metastases, but can be associated with transient flu-like symptoms, which generally occur only with the first infusion and are typically manageable with non- prescription analgesics. A 50-year-old woman with a bone metastasis secondary to breast cancer received radiation therapy, brand-name ZOL (Zometa®), and letrozole. During the first 3 cycles of Zometa (4 mg every 3-4 weeks), no acute adverse events were reported. For the next 2 cycles she was switched to generic ZOL and experienced severe toxicity (nausea, vomiting, extreme weakness, and incapacitating bone pain) that required hospitalization. Toxicity differences between generic ZOL and Zometa led the patient to pay additional costs for Zometa, and subsequent Zometa infusions were without incident. This is the first case report documenting a clinically significant difference between the safety profiles of a generic formulation of ZOL and brand-name Zometa.

[Dr. Farideh Jafari. Serious Toxicity with a Generic Formula of Zol Acid. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):508-510] (ISSN:1097 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.89

Keywords: zoledronic acid, Zometa, bone metastases, toxicity

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Study of role software’s of accounting on relevance and reliability of accounting information

Iman Zare^1*, Jafar Nekounam², Mohammad Reza Samaei Baghbadorani³, Hamid Reza Malak Hossini⁴

^*1. Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

^2. Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

^3. Department of Accounting, Mobarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh, Iran

^4. Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

iman.accounting@yahoo.com

Abstract: software packages as computer AIS, and regarding to the continuous changes and rapid developments of economical units, provision of relevant, reliable, financial information is necessary. To investigate this, the question is that whether softwares of accounting affects on relevance and reliability of accounting information in financial statements? To do this research, a sample of 105 confidant auditors from Tehran Stock Exchange and professors of Islamic Azad University, region 5, was selected by Simple Random Sampling (SRS) method as questionnaires. Inferential statistical method, Clemogrov-Smironov test, and t-student test were used. It was found that accounting information systems and softwares highly affect on relevance of financial statement, but they lowly affect on reliability of them.

[Iman Zare, Jafar Nekounam, Mohammad Reza Samaei Baghbadorani, Hamid Reza Malak Hossini. Study of role softwares of accounting on relevance and reliability of accounting information. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):511-514] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.90

Keywords: software packages, relevance, reliability, financial information.

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Study of the effects of privatization of governmental companies Tehran Stock Exchange

Nushin Bagheri zamani^1*, Iman Zare², Jafar Nekounam³, Mahdi Sarbandi Farahani⁴, Seyed Moosa Mohammadi⁵

¹ Department Of Accounting, Daran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Daran, Iran

² Department Of Accounting, Payame Noor University, I.R. Of Iran

³ Department Of Accounting, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran

^4,5 Department Of Accounting, Tafresh, Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran

E-mail: no_za1388@yahoo. com

Abstract: Devolution of governmental companies to private sector is one of the most important problems in Iranian economy. This research studies the effects of privatization of governmental companies in Iran in Tehran Stock Exchange. Stock return was analyzed by an analytical-experimental method. Data was gathered through financial documents for stocks return of companies in the previous periods, private companies, and governmental companies for 1997-2005. Then non-parametric tests were applied on the data by SPSS software. It was found by statistical analyses that there is not a significant difference between stocks return of private and governmental companies. There is a significant difference between stocks return of private companies before and after privatization. There is a significant difference between stocks return of private companies in the five sub-periods. The most increment was in the first three years and the most decrement was in the fourth year after privatization.

[Nushin Bagheri zamani, Iman Zare, Jafar Nekounam, Mahdi Sarbandi Farahani, Seyed Moosa Mohammadi.. Study of the effects of privatization of governmental companies Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):515-521] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.91

Keywords: Privatization, governmental companies, control group, stocks return, stock exchange.

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The effects of listening to three types of music during exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion and fatigue onset time

Mohammad Reza RamezanPour^a*, Amir Moghaddam^a, Elahe Shadifar^b, Tohid Mabhout Moghaddam^a

^a. Department of Physical Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

^b. Master Science in Physical Education and Sport Sciences

ramezanpour@mshdiau.ac.ir

Abstract: Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of listening to three types of music during exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue onset time. Method: 15 female students of physical education with the mean age of 21.93±2.43 year's height of 161.8±5.22 centimeters and weight of 54.46±7.27 kilograms were randomly selected as the participants from 45 volunteers. After warm-up, the participants started pedaling at 80-85% of maximum heart rate until exhaustion. The participants performed this exercise on four different days (with a one-week interval). The first exercise session was performed without listening to music, the second session was accompanied with some exciting music, the third session was held with soft, relaxing music and the last one with arbitrary music. RPE was recorded every 3 minutes during the exercise. After exhaustion, RPE, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fatigue onset time were recorded. One-way ANOVA (F) was used to analyze the data and LSD test was run to compare the differences (P≤0.05). Results: Listening to exciting music during exercise significantly affects heart rate, RPE and fatigue onset time but not systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Listening to relaxing music during exercise significantly affects heart rate and systolic blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time. Listening to arbitrary music, as selected by the participants themselves, during exercise significantly affects heart rate, systolic blood pressure, RPE and fatigue onset time but not diastolic blood pressure. Discussion and conclusion: Understanding the effects of music genre on the variables examined may help the athletes select a proper genre of music based on the type of exercise they do. For example, listening to exciting and arbitrary types of music significantly increases heart rate while relaxing music significantly decreases heart rate.

[Mohammad Reza Ramezan Pour, Amir Moghaddam, Elahe Shadifar, Tohid Mabhout Moghaddam. The effects of listening to three types of music during exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion and fatigue onset time. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):522-527] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.92

Keywords: music, heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion, fatigue onset time

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The Study of Tourism Effects in Rural Development and the Villagers' Attitude Subject to Rural Tourism Results

(Case Study of Ghezghanchay Rural District in Firoozkooh City)

Rahmani Seryasat M.^a,*, Hajilo M.^b, Karimian T.^a and Hajari B.^b

^a. M. A. Students in Geography and Tourism Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^b. M.A. Students in Geography and Rural Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: ma.rahmani@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Tourism as one of the spreading bases and economic, social and cultural development is very important in all populations, especially in developing ones. Rural tourism as a powerful activity in villages is a factor to empower the rural capabilities, prevent the migration from village to city and promote the life level of villagers. The aim of this research is to investigate and study economic, social and bioenvironmental effects of tourism and villagers' attitude respect to rural tourism outcome in rural district Ghezghanchay of Firoozkooh city. The methodology of this research has been analytical -descriptive and data collection has done in two ways, field and library studies. In field study, the questionnaire prepared and completed. The statistic populations of this research are local residents in region villages. The sample volume has been selected by Cochran method based on the number of statistic populations in any village and then the prepared questionnaire completed separately and randomly in any village. Finally, the software SPSS was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relation between economic, social, cultural development and tourism. This significance percentage is 90%. Also, it was specified that there is a significant relationship between the native people behavior and tourist welcome by Pearson test. Of course, in some cases the tourism has bad effects on region. Finally, solutions are provided to improve the tourism situations. [M. Rahmani, T. Karimian, M. Hajilo, B. Hajari. The Study of Tourism Effects in Rural Development and the Villagers' Attitude Subject to Rural Tourism Results (Case Study of Ghezghanchay Rural District in Firoozkooh City). Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):528-533] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.93

Keywords: tourism effects, rural tourism, Ghezghanchay rural district, Firoozkooh city

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The Effect of Stress on Colon Ulcerative Colitis Disease Process

Marzieh Javadi ¹ and Hamid Azizi malekabadi ²

^1. Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, Iran.

^2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Khurasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

mzhjavadi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis was first described in the mid 18th century, while Crohn’s disease was reported afterward in 1932 as Regional Ileitis. As Crohn’s disease can involve the colon with the same symptoms as ulcerative colitis shows, this two diseases are often identified together as inflammatory bowel disease. However, they are clearly distinguished in terms of pathophysiology. The etiology has not been accurately identified yet; but they may be influenced by stress and anxiety. The present study examined 300 average 27-aged patients with Ulcerative Colitis. The experiment examined 100 hospital patients administered proper diets and medicines, 100 patients in military barracks administered some particular medicines (Ranitidine, Sulfasalazin, Mesalamine) due to restricted access to medicines and 100 jailed patients lacking adequate facilities and deprived of expensive drugs (unless a few), in terms of stress and anxiety and their role in recurrence of the condition. According to experiments, 85 hospital patients were improved due to mental comfort; 91 barrack patients increasingly experienced fewer symptoms as their anxiety decreased, but 75 patients reported apparent general weakness, fatigue, hair loss, joint swelling of fingers. Most patients in prison (88) reached peak severity due to high stress and anxiety. Studied groups reported experienced diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramps 23 times per day. When execution time was approaching, these unintentionally occurred even in bed.

[Marzieh Javadi and Hamid Azizi malekabadi. The Effect of Stress on Colon Ulcerative Colitis Disease Process. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):534-538] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.94

Keywords: Ulcerative Colitis, Anxiety, Depression, Crohn, Pathophysiology, Colon, Ranitidine, Sulfasalazine, Mesalamine.

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Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cholestasis Induced Cerebral Injury in Rats

Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinian Zakaria¹, Babak Hajipour^*2, Mohammad Taghizadieh³, Ghafour Mousavi⁴, Ali Khodadadi⁵

¹Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

²Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

³Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁴Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁵Department of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Hajipourb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cholestasis is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of bile acids, which is caused by defectiveness in the process of bile acid transport. It is believed that oxidative stress is a likely mediator for cholestatic damage and antioxidant therapy is a recommended therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effect o alpha lipoic acid as an anti oxidant agent on cerebral injury after bile act ligation in rats. forty five adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups each containing fifteen rats as follows: sham operation (SO) (control), bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL+LA (25mg/kg). After fourteen day’s cerebral tissue sampled for pathologic and biochemical studies. Levels of SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymes were higher in BDL+LA group comparing to BDL group significantly, histologic damage and MDA levels were higher in BDL group comparing to BDL+LA group significantly (P<0.05). In our study LA treatment in BDL rats improved cellular SOD and GPx levels and reduced MDA levels in BDL+LA group comparing to BDL group. The findings of our present study showed that LA, with its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, seems to be a highly promising agent in protecting cerebral tissue against oxidative damage.

[Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinian Zakaria, Babak Hajipour, Mohammad Taghizadieh, Ghafour Mousavi, Ali Khodadadi. Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cholestasis Induced Cerebral Injury in Rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):539-545] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.95

Keywords: Lipoic Acid- Brain-Cholestasis-Rat.

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Anti-oxidative effect of Lipoic Acid on Cholestasis Induced Crebellum Toxicity

Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinian Zakaria¹, Babak Hajipour², Mohammad Taghizadieh³, Ghafour Mousavi⁴, Ali Khodadadi⁵

¹Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

²Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

³Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁴Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

⁵Department of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding Author: Hajipourb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cholestasis is a common pathophysiological process in many human diseases leading to the accumulation of toxic bile salts within the liver. Accumulation of bile acids may cause injury in different organs through oxidative pathway. Lipoic acid could be a potential therapeutic agent in the controlling different disorders that an imbalance of the cellular oxidoreductive status. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti oxidative effect of LA on cerebellar tissue after bile duct ligation in rats. forty five adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups each containing fifteen rats as follows: sham operation (SO) (control), bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL+LA (25mg/kg). After fourteen day’s cerebellar tissue sampled for pathologic and biochemical studies. Levels of SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymes were higher in BDL+LA group comparing to BDL group significantly (P<0.05). MDA levels were higher in BDL group comparing to BDL+LA group significantly (P<0.05). In our study LA treatment in BDL rats improved cellular SOD and GPx levels and reduced MDA levels in BDL+LA group comparing to BDL group. The findings of our present study showed that LA, with its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, seems to be a highly promising agent in protecting cerebellar tissue against oxidative damage.

[Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinian Zakaria, Babak Hajipour, Mohammad Taghizadieh, Ghafour Mousavi, Ali Khodadadi. Anti-oxidative effect of Lipoic Acid on Cholestasis Induced Crebellum Toxicity. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):546-549] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 96

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.96

Key words: Cerebellum-Cholestasis-Lipoic Acid-Rat.

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The Study of the Attitude of Students' Parents in Primary Schools Regarding the Position of Sports Equipment, Installations, Facilities and Fields

Sarvenaz Anousheh

Faculty Member of Farhangian University, Nasibe Branch, Tehran, Iran

Email: sarvenaz.anousheh@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to study the attitude of students' parents in primary schools in Tehran regarding the status of sports tools, equipment, installations, facilities and fields. The research method is descriptive and the data were collected through field method. The population includes the parents of the students studying at primary schools in Tehran and the sample included 300 of parents who were randomly selected. A self-made questionnaire including 14 open-ended questions, was used for data collection. Data analysis was done in two groups including: (1) data analysis and description using descriptive statistics method and (2) for checking the research hypothesis through using inferential statistics method. Regarding the desirability of sports installations, facilities, and fields and exploiting sports tools by the teacher, more than 60% of parents evaluated it as few and very few. They scored their cooperation with school equal to 3.64. There was not a significant difference between the amount of their cooperation with school, sports installations, facilities and fields and sports tools recognized by teacher.

[Anousheh S. The Study of the Attitude of Students' Parents in Primary Schools Regarding the Position of Sports Equipment, Installations, Facilities and Fields. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):550-554] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 97

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.97

Keywords: Tools, equipment, installations, facilities, sports fields, parents, viewpoint, primary schools.

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Quality Management in Higher Education

Masumeh Azimifar

MA in Persian Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

 Email: Azimifar_57@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the quality in higher education. For this purpose, 190 members of academic staff of the faculties of behavioral and social sciences of the University of Tehran were selected by using stratified random sampling method and responded to the self-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test. The results indicated that from the point of view of the members of academic staff of the faculties of behavioral and social sciences of the University of Tehran, the quality of the educational objects of this university is in a medium level and the quality of the process is in a weak level and the quality of the infrastructures, interactions and the quality of atmosphere is in a desirable level.

[Azimifar M. Quality Management in Higher Education. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):555-558] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 98

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.98

Key words: quality, higher education, members of academic staff.

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Challenges of Security in the Law of E-Commerce

Mohammad mohammadi

Kar Higher Education Institute. Tehran, Iran

mohammadi.juristic@gmail.cam

Abstract: As we know security is an important item in electronic commerce, which is a new commerce. Electronic commerce has a rapid growth in both domestic and international levels. In electronic commerce transaction of electronic documents is occurred. Documents may be important and secret legal contracts, financial transaction, or secret technologies and security has an essential part of such transaction and electronic commerce. This article will challenge the security in electronic commerce.

[Mohammad mohammadi. Challenges of Security in the Law of E-Commerce. Life Sci J 2013;10(5s):559-562] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 99

doi:10.7537/marslsj1005s13.99

Key words: Electronic Commerce, Security, Transaction, Law of E – Commerce

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The Effects of Environmental Parameters on the Radon Exhalation Rate from the ground Surface in HBRA in Ramsar with a Regression Model

¹Nasrin Fathabadi, ²*Maliheh Mohammadi^{, 2}Rouhollah Dehghani^{, 1}Mohamamdreza Kardan, ³Fatemeh Atoof, ¹Mansoureh Vashghani Farahani, ¹Mohammad Moradi