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1

Comparison of the Effects of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrehea

 Kooshki A^1*, Tofighiyan T², Rakhshani M H².

^1. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^2. Department of nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

E-mail: akooshki.nutr@yahoo.com, Tell: +98-0910-2911161

Abstract: Dysmenorrhea is common gynecological problem among women. This study was done to examine the effects omega-3 fatty acid compared to ibuprofen on dysmenorrhea. A double- blind crossover study was conducted among 18-22 years old female student. Women assigned to group 1 received 2 omega-3 capsules daily in the morning and night after food for 2 month and group 2 receive 400 mg ibuprofen very 8 hours in three days. It was a one month washout period. Then each group received drug other group. Data were gathered the start, after 8 and 20 weeks by using the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale questionare. Data were analyzed using spss 16.0 via Paired t- test and Repeated Measurement. The mean age of students was 20.35 ± 1.03 years and their mean BMI was 21.03 ± 2.40 kg /m2. Result showed a marked reduction in pain intensity after treatment with omega-3(P<0.05). Also our results indicate that in the first day (P=0.28), the second day (P=0.30) and the third day (P=0.67) of menstruation, the effect of omega-3 and ibuprofen was similar. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with omeg-3 fatty acid can reduced noticeable pain as ibuprofen among young women with primary dysmenorrhea.

[Kooshki A, Tofighiyan T, Rakhshani M H. Comparison of the Effects of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrehea. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):1-3] (ISSN:1097-8135) http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.01

Key word: Dysmenorrhea, Omega-3, ibuprofen

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Study the effect of cold treatments on some physiological parameters of 3 cold resistance Almond cultivars

¹Hossein afshari and ²tahere parvane

1- Department of Horticulture, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad university, Damghan, Iran.

2- Agriculture research center, seman (shahrood)

Abstract: One of the main problems of almond producers in Iran is the irregular and fluctuating production rates. This is the result of early flowering of native genotypes and coincidence of their flowering times with a cold spring. An experiment was done on three major commercial of Monagha, Sh- 12 and , Sh-18 through a double-factor factorial in the form of random blocks(cultivar, cold and phenological phase at 3, 6 and 3l levels respectively) with three replications with ages around 15 years. The results showed that the highest rate of proline was found at -6° C in Sh-18 (3.43μmol/g). While the highest rate of carbohydrates at -6 °C were found in cultivar Monagha (0.305mg/g). The rate of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium at different stages of bud development of the experimental cultivars under cold stress was diverse significantly. According to this research results, Sh- 12 of almond was observed more resistant than other cultivars.

[Hossein afshari and tahere parvane. Study the effect of cold treatments on some physiological parameters of 3 cold resistance Almond cultivars. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):4-16] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.02

Keywords: Almond; Carbohydrates; Cold; cultivars; Proline

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Investigation the Relationship between New Leadership Style (Transformational and Transactional) with Organizational Commitment Dimensions (Affective, Continuous and Normative) in Iranian Higher Education Institutions

Kamal Ghalandari

Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

E-Mail: kamal.ghalandari@gmail.com; Mobile: 0098-9141885288

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between new leadership style such as transformational and transactional leadership with organizational commitment such as affective, continuous and normative in Iranian higher education institutions. Statistical population consisted of male and female faculty members of District 2 of Islamic Azad University including confirmed official, official, contractual and probationary ones. According to purpose of study and composition of research population, a volume-based random-classified sampling was conducted and sample size was considered as 261 based on Krejcie and Morgan table; totally, 300 questionnaires were distributed to faculty members, that 265 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, which the results from analysis of them based on multiple linear regression show that there is a positive significant relationship between the transformational leadership and organizational commitment dimensions (affective, continuous and normative). Furthermore, transactional has also been found positive significant relationship with all dimensions of organizational commitment except organizational normative commitment. This study find out that leadership is crucial factor of enhancing the organizational commitment primary in higher education context.

[Kamal Ghalandari. Investigation the Relationship between New Leadership Style (Transformational and Transactional) with Organizational Commitment Dimensions (Affective, Continuous and Normative) in Iranian Higher Education Institutions. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):17-25] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.03

Keyword: Higher Education Institutions, Organizational Commitment Dimensions, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership.

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4

Nurses as Death Notifiers: a Report from Nurses in Iran

Nematullah Shomoossi^1*, Mostafa Rad², Mohsen Kooshan³, Javad Ganjloo³

^1.Department of English, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^2.PhD Candidate, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^3. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Correspondence author: nshomoossi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Breaking bad news, particularly death notifications, is among the hardest tasks of a medical team. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate delivering death notifications to survivors from the perspectives of nurses in Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted 97 (29 male and 68 female) nurses in Iran, who completed a questionnaire including demographic information, questions on their training and familiarity with SPIKE or ABCDE strategies, as well as 25 Likert questions based on ABCDE strategies. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. Results: The results indicated that most nurses had witnessed death victims but they reported no formal training for death notifications and helping survivors to control their emotions. Also, the participants were unfamiliar with SPIKE (99%) or ABCDE (88%) strategies. Also, most of the participants agreed with adopting the ABCDE strategies in delivering death notifications. Conclusion: The results indicated an urgent need for training nurses on communication skills to deliver death notifications, with special attention to the emotions and reactions of the survivors.

[Shomoossi N., Rad M., Kooshan M., Ganjloo J. Nurses as Death Notifiers: a Report from Nurses in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):26-31] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.04

Keywords: Bad News; Death Notification; Nurses; Patients; Survivors.

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IPFC using for the congestion management lines and Increase social welfare in electricity market restructured

Aref Jalili Irani¹, Masoud Mohammad Rahimi Fard² and Mehran Salavati³

¹Sama technical and vocational training college, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

^2,3Department of Electrical Engineering, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

ABSTRACT: In this paper, location optimal IPFC for congestion management market power transmission lines is used. For Placement Optimization IPFC, PSO algorithm and genetic algorithm is used. A simulation on the system IEEE 14 bus has been done and the results are compared. Simulations have been conducted in three stages. First, regardless of IPFC simulation has been done and secondly Placement IPFC with genetic algorithm has been done and the third stage Placement IPFC with PSO algorithm has been done.

[Aref Jalili Irani, Masoud Mohammad Rahimi Fard, Mehran Salavati. IPFC using for the congestion management lines and Increase social welfare in electricity market restructured. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):32-37] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.05

KEYWORDS: location optimization, Genetic, congestion management, IPFC, PSO

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The relationship between health beliefs and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: A correlation-cross sectional study

Tayebe Pourghaznein^a , Fateme Ghaffari^b, Farzaneh Hasanzadeh^c, Hamid Chamanzari^d

 a: MSc, RN. Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

b: PhD Student in Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

c: MSc, RN. Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

d: MSc, RN. Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Corresponding author: Fateme Ghaffari, Email: f-ghaffari@razi.tums.ac.ir; Tel:+98-911-395-7721

Abstract: Medication adherence is effectively control of diabetes and result in decreasing high-expense care and complications of disease. Health beliefs of diabetic patients are one of effective factors on health behavioral which is strongly under influence of culture and atmosphere in which they grew up. Identifying the relationship between health beliefs and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. This cross sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with type 2 diabetes, referred to Karaj Diabetes Association during March-June 2011, selected by purposeful sampling. A three-part questionnaire including demographic data, testing medication adherence, and testing health beliefs of diabetic patients was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using description and analytic statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient, T test, and one way ANOVA. Significance level has been considered p<0.05. In this study, most patients (46%) followed their medication regimen in average level. A significant positive relationship was found between medication adherence and subscales of Perceived severity (r=0.507, p=0.000), Perceived sensitivity (r=0.163, p=0.050), and a significant negative relationship was found between medication adherence and Perceived barriers (r=-0.871, p=0.000). No significant relationship was found between Perceived benefits and Recommended health – related activities with medication adherence (p=0.0672). As to the findings, direct instruction to diabetic patients should be toward understanding severity of disease and complications due to lack of medication adherence, and they should be helped in order to face less problems for following their medication regimen.

[Tayebe Pourghaznein , Fateme Ghafari , Farzaneh Hasanzadeh , Hamid Chamanzari. The relationship between health beliefs and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: A correlation-cross sectional study. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):38-46] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.06

Key words: Health beliefs, medication adherence, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Medicinal Chewing Gum by the Extract of Salvadora persica L.

Abolfazl Aslani¹, Alireza Ghannadi², Shiva Mortazavi³ and Marzieh Torabi⁴

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,

²Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,

³Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,

⁴ School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

ABSTRACT: Dental caries is one of the common hygienic problems. Salvadora persica L. Or Miswak is rich in fluorine and many anti-bacterial agents. Fluoride helps to prevent dental caries. Chewing gum as a preparation to prevent tooth decay and improve oral health can be supplied to the pharmaceutical market. This study aimed to evaluate the organoleptic, physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the gum, the product designed to provide the consumer's optimal. The plant was prepared from Hormozgan State. Its stems and twigs were ground; then percolated at 25° C. Liquid glucose, glycerin, various sweeteners, plant extracts and flavorings have been added to the softened gum base at the proper temperature. In order to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of the product, Latin square was designed. Weight variation and content uniformity were determined. Fluoride release has been studied by means of the mechanical chewing device in phosphate buffer with the pH adjusted at 6.8. The mechanical properties of the product were evaluated by using a tensile testing machine. The amount of fluoride per gram of extract was 0.111 ± 0.017 µg. Organoleptic properties were evaluated at 3 stages in the volunteers. The average weight of the chewing gum for F11 to F15 was 832.0 ± 2.9, 829.0 ± 2.2, 833.3 ± 3.9, 829.2 ± 3.2 and 828.0 ± 3.8 mg respectively. The mean amount of fluoride in the gums form F11 to F15 was 94.1 ± 5.7%, 92.3 ± 5.7%, 96.5 ± 4.7%, 93.9 ± 4.4% and 95.6 ± 3.8% of the claim respectively. F11 to F15 after 15 minutes released 62%, 73%, 80%, 69%, 73%, and finally 85%, 92%, 97%, 94%, 95% of their fluoride in the release medium respectively. The mechanical testing was performed. Parameters such as yield strength, ultimate strength, toughness, elongation, and modulus of elasticity are calculated. In this study S. persica L. is extracted and formulated into chewing gum with favorable taste and suitable organoleptic properties as F12. The best sweetener for persica gum is xylitol and peppermint is the best flavoring agent. It is succeeded in the content uniformity, release and mechanical tests.

[Abolfazl Aslani, Alireza Ghannadi, Shiva Mortazavi and Marzieh Torabi. Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Medicinal Chewing Gum by the Extract of Salvadora persica L.. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):47-55] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.07

Key Words: Medicated chewing gum, dental caries, fluoride, oral health, Salvadora persica L., fluoride ion selective electrode, tensile test.

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Investigating the relation between innovation and economic growth: The international approach

Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir¹, Safar Farhang², and Azim Aran³*

¹Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

E-mail:mirbagheri_hir@yahoo.com

²Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

³Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Azim Aran

Abstract: In this article the effect of innovation, as one of the most basic axes of science-based economy, on economic growth is investigated. To do so, the data for time series of selected countries from 1960 to 2004 will be used. Using the literature with the subject of economic growth within the frame of international study or through panel data economy measurement, the results show that during this period, by controlling effective variables, innovation has had a positive and meaningful effect on long-term economy growth of developing countries, members of OECD and developed countries; but the effect of innovation on economic growth of developing countries wasn’t meaningful, although it was positive; also the research results show that other coefficients of variables like physical investment, human resources, growth rate in goods and service importing, the primary gross national product, intermediary and capital goods and services importing have expected and meaningful signs in all groups. Categorizing JEL: O3 O40, C23

 [Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir, Safar Farhang and Azim Aran. Investigating the relation between innovation and economic growth: The international approach. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):56-61] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.08

Keywords: science-based economy, economic growth and innovation

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9

Simvastatin and tocopherol induce apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells

Yalda Arast

Instructor, Msc of Toxicology, Department of Occupational Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Abstract: Apoptosis plays a significant role in tumor development and it has been hypothesized that lack/failure of apoptosis leads to the development of tumors, such as colon tumors. Thus, induction of apoptosis in tumor cells is an effective approach to the regulation of tumor growth. It has been shown that various chemo preventive agents induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. Identification of agents or combinations of agents that induce tumor cell apoptosis help in the development of novel agents for colon cancer treatment. This study has been designed to assess the effectiveness of simvastatin, (a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductive inhibitor), and alpha tocopherol (a micronutrient), individually or in combination on the induction of apoptosis in human HT29 colon cancer cells. HT29 cells were exposed to various doses of simvastatin and/or alpha tocopherol followed by DNA fragmentation method. Pretreatment with simvastatin (10-30 micro molar) induce apoptosis in HT29 cells at concentrations that have been studied. The same results were obtained with alpha tocopherol (5-20 micros molar). In combination, results obtained in this investigation showed significant results. In tumor cells that have been exposed to 10 micro molar simvastatin plus 5 and 10 micro molar tocopherol, cell death was not shown. According to the various mode of action and pleiotropic effects of statins in altering cell function and death, we postulate that the concentration of simvastatin is one of the most important parameter for selecting the type of action. These findings also support the hypothesis that HMGCoA-R and tocopheroles may play a role in regulation of apoptosis and provide effective strategies for the prevention of colon cancer.

[Yalda Arast. Simvastatin and tocopherol induce apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):62-64] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.09

Keywords: Simvastatin; tocopherol; apoptosis; colon; carcinoma; cell

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A Survey of the Relationship between Product & Demographical Factors with Tourists’ Inclination in Tourist Industry of Iran (Case study: West of Mazandaran Province)

Dr. Davood Kia Kojori^­1, Sara Mosavi Dolatabadi²

¹Department of Public Administration, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos, Iran

²Department of Public Administration, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos, Iran

E-mail: alifallahdorsa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Tourism industry is considered as one of the most highly income industries and provides one of the world’s highest rates of employment. One of the main reasons resulting in attracting more tourists is the factor of satisfaction of tourist gained by visiting that region. The tourist industry can have an important effect on the increase of employment, incomes related to the residential places and also the governmental returns of the countries. Therefore, the tourism industry can influence the economic growth directly and indirectly, and the economic growth can also result in tourist industry development by expanding some facilities and tourist infrastructures including transportation and road expansion, development of residential places, restaurants and hotels, public healthcare and also the expansion of recreational facilities and the welfare affairs. The objective of the current article is to review of the relationship between the product factor specifications (attractions, facilities and infrastructures) and demographical variables (literacy rate, manner of selecting destination, stay duration, occupation and gender) with the tourists’ desire to the West of Mazandaran Province, and how effective these factors are in attracting tourists and their revisit from these two cities. The statistical society of the research consists of those tourists who have travelled to these two cities during summer of the year 2010 and 352 people were selected through a random sampling and the questionnaires distributed among them, an applied research type and also descriptive -correlation method were used. Methods for gathering data were field, library and internet sites types and the data gathering tool was using questionnaires which have been analyzed by the application of the descriptive statistics (calculating percentage frequency, frequency percentage, the mean, standard deviation and tables and charts) and inferential statistic (The Pearson’s correlation test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and the application of SPSS software), and the research result was in such a way that among eight sub-hypotheses, all of them have been confirmed. Finally, at the end of the article, some suggestions were made in the format of summarizing the points, discussion, reaching conclusions, in relation with the application of the mentioned results in the real world and also in order to continue and follow up similar researches in the future.

[Davood Kia Kojori, Sara Mosavi Dolatabadi. A Survey of the Relationship between Product & Demographical Factors with Tourists’ Inclination in Tourist Industry of Iran(Case study: West of Mazandaran Province). Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):65-74] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.10

Keywords: Tourism industry, product factor, demography, the tourist’s desire

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A survey on relationship between lung spirometry indices and characteristic features among clients referred to TOHID hospital in city of SANANDAJ in 2011

 Nasrin Aliramaei ¹, Kian Zobeiry², Syamak Vahedi³,Rahim Yousefpor⁴, Ghader Salehnejad⁵, Fariba Farhadifar*⁶

¹Lecturer- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. MSc (member of scientific board of faculty nursing and midwifery). Kurdistan University of Medical Science.

²Medical Student. Tehran University of Medical Science-Tehran

³Assistant Professor of Medical Internist. Kurdistan University of medical science

⁴MD-medical Internist. Kurdistan University of medical science

⁵MSc (member of scientific board of faculty nursing and midwifery). Kurdistan University of medical science.

^*6MD.Associated professor of OBG GYN. social determinant of health research center Kurdistan University of medical science ( SDHC-MUK)

*Corresponding Author: sima_homa@yahoo.com.

Introduction: Regular check – UPS are good tools to assess individual risk factors. Conditions affecting the lower respiratory tract ranging from acute to chronic problems threaten the life of patients. It is reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the fifth cause of death in united states of America. Considering that the pulmonary patients are the most abundant patients referring to medical centers, lung function assessment tests including spirometry do have a key position in the diagnostic and treatment process. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the relation between spirometric indices and characteristic features in clients referred to TOHLD hospital in SANANDAJ city in Kurdistan, IRAN. Method: The study was a descriptive analytical one. The statistical population was all patients referred to the spirometry unit in TOHID hospital in SANANDAJ. Census and purposive sampling method was used in 400 patients with respiratory problems and self made questionnaires were used to specify characteristic features. After measuring the height, weight, age and sex of the clients and recording the data's in a computer connected to a spirometer, a respiratory test based on ASP criteria's was performed for all patients in the early hours (9Am – 12MD) in a sitting position. The results were analyzed using spss software (using analysis of variance tests, x² tests and Pearson correlation coefficient). Results: Study 400 samples, using chi – square test shows a statistically significant difference between males and females. Also 32 percent of the samples had poor economic status 37.6% were suffering from dyspnea of breath, 25.1% had cough and 19.4% sputum and 17.9% had wheezing. Among those with FEV1/FVC less than 70%, 6.8% had lung obstruction (74.1% server, 22.2% moderate and 3.7% mild), and those with FEV1/FVC over 70%, 35.7% showed FVC above 80% and normal spirometry. Discussion: Results showed that in patients with respiratory problem with obstructive spirometric pattern, lowest percentage (3.7%) related to the age group 31-40 years, and the largest percentage (29/6%) belonged to the age group older than 70 years, while in restrictive breathe pattern the maximum percentage belonged to the age group 60-51 years, and with p=0.000 spirometric results showed significant correlation. So with increasing age, we see growth in obstructive pulmonary disease. Other studies confirm this finding. Spirometry is one of the most important tools of lung disease screening. Also educating the patient and his/her family is an important component in planning treatment for all lower respiratory system problems.

[Nasrin Aliramaei, Kian zobeiry, Syamak vahedi,Rahim yousefpor, Ghader Salehnejad, Fariba farhadifar. A survey on relationship between lung spirometry indices and characteristic features among clients referred to TOHID hospital in city of SANANDAJ in 2011. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):75-83] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.11

Keywords: Spirometry indices – respiratory problems – personal characteristic feature

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The Effect of Intervention based on Health Belief Model on improving the Quality of life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

ZendehTalab HamidReza¹, ChamanZary Hamid ², Ajam Mahmud ³, Naqavi Mohsen ⁴

1- MSc in Nursing and Faculty Member of Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran zendehtalabhr@mums.ac.ir

2 MSc in Nursing and Faculty Member of Department of Internal Surgery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Corresponding Author) chamanzarih@mums.ac.ir

3 - MSc in Nursing and Faculty Member of Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 - MSc in Nursing and Faculty Member of Department of Internal Surgery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract: The final purpose of the treatment and care programs for patients with MS is to improve the quality of their lives. This study is performed to investigate the effects of an intervention program based on health belief model on improving the quality of life in patients with MS. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 1391(2012) in a before-after manner on 34 patients with MS who referred to MS Society of Mashhad which were selected through convenience non-probability sampling method. First, the quality of lives of the patients were determined using the standard SF-36 questionnaire the reliability and validity of which was measured in previous studies and then the intervention program was implemented based on the structures of the health belief model in three educational sessions. Three weeks later, a re-determination of quality of life was conducted and compared with the previous one. The results were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-11.5, paired-samples T tests, ANOVA and chi-square at the 95% significance level. The results of paired-samples T test showed that after the intervention, the scores of different aspects of quality of life such as General Health, Physical Functioning , Mental Health, Role Physical, Role Emotional, Vitality, Social Functioning and Bodily Pain were increased significantly compared to their scores before the intervention (P = 0/021). The implementation of health belief model is effective in quality of life improvement programs for patients with MS.

[ZendehTalab HamidReza, ChamanZary Hamid, Ajam Mahmud, Naqavi Mohsen. The Effect of Intervention based on Health Belief Model on improving the Quality of life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):84-89]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.12

Keywords: health belief model, Multiple Sclerosis, quality of life

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Prevalence and correlates of obesity among older adults

Hamideh Jahangiri ¹, Alireza Norouzi ², Parirokh Dadsetan ³, Seyed Amir Mirbagheri ⁴

^1. Psychologist, Researcher, M.Sc of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Jahangirii.h@gmail.com , H_ jahangirii@yahoo.com

^2. Researcher of Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Alireza_1357norozi@yahoo.com

³ Professor of Tehran University & Azad University, Department of Psychology, Tehran, Iran.

ParirokhDadsetan@yahoo.com , Pdad@azad.ac.ir

^4. MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Amir-Alam Hospital, North Sa’adi Street, Tehran 13145-784, Iran.

mirbagherimd@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Obesity has been called the disease of the twenty-first century. There are more than 1 billion overweight people (BMI≥25) in the world. Of those, approximately 350 million are obese (BMI ≥30.0). The prevalence of obesity is also increasing in older populations throughout the world. The prevalence of obesity among elderly people in industrialized countries estimates suggest ranging from 15% to over 30%. In Iran, as of 2008, 6.3% of the population is obese. Overweight was more among women (39.5%) than men (24.5%) The prevalence of obesity is also increasing in older populations throughout the world. Method: This study is a cross sectional study. Participants included 2200 women and 2180 men aged 50-75 years. The logistic regression was applied to model the relationship between the odds of obesity and age, gender marital status, educational level, alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: Obesity odds ratios were 2.16 (95% CI: 1.71-2.72) for women, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.97) for smokers and 1.96 (95% CI: 1.53-2.52) for the subjects with alcohol consumption. Regarding the people aged 50-55 years as the reference group, the obesity odds ratios were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66-1.10) for ages 56-60 years, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97) for ages 61-65 years, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.30-0.60) for ages 66-70 years and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20-0.63) for ages 71-75 years. Using the High school degree or below as the reference group of education level, obesity odds ratios were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.08-1.76) for the diploma level and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.56-1.52) for the B.Sc ad B.A degree and higher level group. Conclusion: Using High school degree or below as the reference group of educational level, Obesity odds ratios for the diploma level, and B.Sc ad B.A degree and higher level groups were 1.38 and 0.93, respectively. The findings show that in Iran people gain weight up to age of around 50-60 years old and after that BMI tends to decrease. Our results on the association between age and obesity. In our study, obesity was strongly associated with alcohol consumption. Compared to non consumer elderly subjects, consumer elderly subjects were twice as likely to be obese. The environment can influence access to healthy food, lifestyle behaviors such as the trend toward 'eating out', lack of sidewalks and accessible recreation areas. To avoid strong declines in the quality of life due to population ageing, and to ensure sustainability of the health care system, reductions in the burden of disability among elderly populations are urgently needed.Therefore, a community-based multiple strategies are required to combat with increasing rate of obesity and its subsequent complications such as diabetes hypertension and cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis.

[Hamideh Jahangiri, Alireza Norouzi, Parirokh Dadsetan, Seyed Amir Mirbagheri. Prevalence and correlates of obesity among older adults. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):90-96] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.13

Keywords: Obesity, Age, Gender, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Educational level, Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular diseases, Older Adults.

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Effect of Allium Cepa seeds Ethanolic Extract, on Serum Total Antioxidant in Experimental induced Poly cystic ovarian (PCO) rats

Laya Farzadi¹, Arash Khaki^¬2, Alia Ghasemzadeh¹, Zahra Bahrami Asl¹, Sharareh Khan ahamadi¹, Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashteani³

1-Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3-Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Arash Khaki, arashkhaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of female infertility, affecting about 5–10% of women in age of procreation. See antioxidants effects of Allium cepa seeds ethanol extract on experimental PCO induced by estradiol-valerat (PPA) in rats. Wistar female rat (n=60) were allocated into three groups, control (n=30), C1: an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl); C2: extract (0.3cc/rat/orally/daily); C3: Sesame oil(0.3cc/rat/orally/daily) and test groups (n=30), that subdivided into groups of 3,one group received extract supplement (0.3cc Sesame oil+ 0.3cc Allium Cepa /rat/orally/daily), second and third groups were induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM),third group, was received extract supplement, for 60 consequence days. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In last day of study the blood samples of rats in whole groups were removed and prepared to biochemical analysis. level of TAC, Superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased in pco groups (p<0.05), these side effects in groups that received extract significantly increased (p<0.05) in comparison to control and PCO groups and level of MDA in PCO groups were significantly increased as compared to control and extract groups (p<0.05). Results revealed that administration of Allium cepa ethanol extract significantly compensation blood antioxidants level in PCO induces rats.

[Laya Farzadi, Arash Khaki, Alia Ghasemzadeh, Zahra Bahrami Asl, Sharareh Khan ahamadi, Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashteani. Effect of Allium Cepa seeds Ethanolic Extract, on Serum Total Antioxidant in Experimental induced Poly cystic ovarian (PCO) rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):97-102] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.14

Key words: Allium cepa extract, sesame oil, Superoxide dismutase, MDA, PCO, Catalase, TAC.

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Remedial Effect of Cinnamon Zeylanicum on serum anti-oxidants levels in male diabetic Rat

Arash Khaki¹, Roshanak Bayatmakoo^2*, Mohammad Nouri¹, Amir Afshin Khaki¹

1. Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department of Biochemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: roshanakbayatmakoo@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cinnamon is an antioxidant and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Previous study confirmed antioxidants enzymes have imbalanced on diabetes by hyperglycemia role on reactive oxygen’s spaces and is one of the male infertility agents. Wistar male rat (n=40) were allocated into four groups, control group (n=10) , Cinnamon group that received 75mg/kg by gavage method, diabetic group and diabetic group that treatment Cinnamon 75mg/kg daily for 30 days respectively ,however the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily. In 30day, 5 cc blood sample of each rat was taken for anti-oxidants measurement. serum catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase levels significantly were increased in group that has received 75mg/kg Cinnamon in comparison to control and diabetic groups (P<0.05). Serum malondialdehyde level significantly was decreased in group that has received 75mg/kg Cinnamon in comparison to control and diabetic groups (P<0.05).Since in our study 75mg/kg Cinnamon has significantly increased serum anti-oxidants levels so it seems using it in diabetic male patients has beneficial effects.

[Arash Khaki, Roshanak Bayatmakoo, Mohammad Nouri, Amir Afshin Khaki. Remedial Effect of Cinnamon Zeylanicum on serum anti-oxidants levels in male diabetic Rat. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):103-107] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.15

Keywords: Antioxidant, CAT, Cinnamon, GPX, infertility, MDA, SOD.

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A Study of Barriers and Success Keys to The Implementation of Computerized Maintenance Management System in an Organization: Case Study in Fan Avaran Petrochemical Company

¹ MostafaMoballeghi,² PayamMakvandi, ³ * MasoudHatamiAbadshapouri, ⁴ AlirezaGhaseminejad, ⁵ Hedayat Allah Kalantari

¹ Islamic Azad University (KIAU), Karaj Branch, Department of Industrial Management, Karaj, IRAN,

² Islamic Azad University (KIAU), Karaj Branch, Department of Industrial Management, Karaj, IRAN,

^{3 *} Islamic Azad University (KIAU), Karaj Branch, Department of Industrial Management, Karaj, IRAN,

⁴ Arvandan Oil and Gas Human Resource Management, Software Engineer, IRAN

⁵ MSC Student of Industrial Safety Engineering, Faculty of HSE (Health, Safety, Environment), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science(SBMU), Tehran, IRAN

^{3 *} m_hatami2008@yahoo.com

Abstract: At same time with industrial revolution and the using of machines, maintenance became a part of the game to because managers wanted to improve the yield. Proper maintenance of equipment and devices reduces the cost of product malfunction or stop production.That's why maintenance managers and employers turned to new strategies. At first because equipment were not mechanized, maintenance was not a focal point. But gradually as equipment became more and more mechanized and also rising if the new competitive markets and the importance of time in a quality product without a breakdown, a need appeared for the maintenance strategy. Maintenance management is all about proactively analyzing the data, the reasons of the breakdown, inconsistencies, finding the root of the problems and defining adjustment behaviors. Computerized Maintenance Management System also, should be implanted with the same strategy. Key factors to the implantation of Computerized Maintenance Management System are commitment from the senior partners, employees’ resistance, employees’ training, structural design, the ability of the producers for adjusting and error correction, the support of the structure of organization, technical features and information about the equipment, and the co-ordination with the CMMS team and other sections of the organization. Some organizations face difficulties due to lack of information about some of the factors mentioned here. Therefore in this study we are about to study some of these factors for CMMS implantation in Fan Avaran Petroleum Company. First a questionnaire was designed and after the approval of its creditability by some of the professors and experts, to measure the creditability those questionnaires were distributed among a sample of 30 employees of that company. Reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha as it was 0.83 for this questionnaire. 8 hypotheses were tested by T-test in SPSS software 19, 6 of which were approved and the two hypotheses about employees’ resistance and co-ordination with the CMMS team were rejected. Also some suggestions were developed.

[MostafaMoballeghi, PayamMakvandi, MasoudHatamiAbadshapouri, AlirezaGhaseminejad, Hedayat Allah Kalantari. A Study of Barriers and Success Keys to The Implementation of Computerized Maintenance Management System in an Organization: Case Study in Fan Avaran Petrochemical Company. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):108-116] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.16

Keywords: system, management, maintenance, CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System)

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Past, present status of teacher training centers

Fatemeh Shahraki

 Head of Mission College lecturer educators Sistan and Baluchestan, Master of Persian Language and Literature

Email:info@temresalat.ir

Abstract: Teacher training centers with a long history teacher has responsibility for education in these years. In view of the importance of teacher credibility and perceived value of the investment to train and provide these important pillars of education, the best and most useful type of investment The transformation of the role of the teacher as a level of knowledge, ability and quality of each country's level of knowledge, ability and quality of its teachers is higher. In today's world, this is not proven. Today in the industrialized world, the powerful states along with other countries in the economic, social, cultural and political growth and development, and social and economic development of every country, thanks to the education system and is one of the important elements of education and education is also a teacher training system. Education, future prospects are very complex systems. Furthermore it is projected in other words, new situations, the dynamics and mobility of occasions in the past.

[Fatemeh Shahraki. Past, present status of teacher training centers. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):117-120] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.17

Keywords: Past, present status, Teacher training, education, not proven

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Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Edible Oils and Extracts of A Native Plant, Ziziphora Clinopodioides (Mountains’ Kakoty), on Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections

Younes Anzabi^1*, Vahid Badiheh Aghdam², Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui³, Milad Anvarian³, Mir Naser Mousavinia³

1- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Graduated of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author: Younes Anzabi; E-mail: anzabi_y_576@yahoo.com

Abstract: Essential oils, plant extracts and their constituents have known anti-bacterial effects. Wild Kakoty is a genus of Ziziphora and breed of mint. Despite the heavy use of plants in the mint family flavors in Iran, systematic research have been performed on antibacterial effects of the mountains’ Kakoty’s extract on pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of mountains’ Kakoty on some pathogenic bacteria in laboratory culture and determination of its minimum inhibitory concentrations and its ability to kill bacteria. The results showed that the minimum inhibition concentration for mountains’ Kakoty essence were 250 microgram/ml for most of the gram-negative bacteria unless for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also the gram-negative bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae had more sensitivity to this essence comparing to the other species of gram-negative bacteria and the minimum inhibitory concentration of gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus was 250 microgram/ml even though, for other species of Staphylococcus (coagulase negative) it was 500 micrograms per milliliter. The results of the MIC determination of methanol extract of mountains’ Kakoty showed that the essence has inhibitory and germicidal effect on all the under test bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These observations indicate that the minimum germicidal concentration of the methanol extract of mountains’ Kakoty was 2000 microgram/ml for most of the gram-negative bacteria and less than this amount for the gram-positive ones. The results of this study showed that, with comparison of the inhibitory effect and germicidal effects of the essence and extract of mountains’ Kakoty; we can conclude that the essence of this plant compared to its extract and in its low concentrations is able to inhibit the growth of under study bacteria.

[Younes Anzabi, Vahid Badiheh Aghdam, Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui, Milad Anvarian, Mir Naser Mousavinia. Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Edible Oils and Extracts of A Native Plant, Ziziphora Clinopodioides (Mountains’ Kakoty), on Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):121-127] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.18

Key words: antibacterial effect, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Kakoty, essence, extract, UTI

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Combination of Trimethoprim - Sulfa methoxazole (Tr-SMZ) and Triplennamine (Trip) Induced QT Prolongation in Cattle

Mohammad mashayekhi^1*, Mohammad Amin Shahbazi², Mohsen Ahmadi Roozbahani³

1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Young Researchers club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Corresponding author: TEL: +989144126030, Email address: Mashayekhi@iaut.ac.ir (Mohammad Mashayekhi)

Abstract: Trimethoprim (Tr) in combination with Sulfa methoxazole (SMZ) has a wide spectrum of activity against gram positive and negative organism. Although the popularity of using this drug because of its ease of administration noticeably has increased, numerous side effects of these drugs have been reported. Some of the most important of them are included: The skins, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and cardiotoxicity. Antihistamines are another cardio toxicity drugs that widely are prescribed in the world for treatment of allergic diseases. Histamines cause a series of action upon the cardiovascular system such as ventricular arrhythmia and QT prolongation by blocking rectifier potassium (k+) channels. However, co-administration of this drug with Tr-SMZ has become very popular for minor reasons in cattle. Unfortunately, there is no reliable source about cardio toxicity of these in QT prolongation. So the aim of this study was to assess the effects of Tr-SMZ with Trip on electrocardiographic criteria in Holstein cows.

[Mohammad mashayekhi, Mohammad Amin Shahbazi, Mohsen Ahmadi Roozbahani. Combination of Trimethoprim - Sulfa methoxazole (Tr-SMZ) and Triplennamine (Trip) Induced QT Prolongation in Cattle. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):128-131] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.19

Key words: QT prolongation, Torsade De Pointes, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Triplennamine.

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Effects of education and preparation on anxiety in women referring for mammography

Hoda Ahmari Tehran¹; Ahmad Kachoie², Esmat Jafarbegloo (MSc)³, Zahra Abedini⁴, Yaser tabarraei⁵

^1. Instructor of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

^2. Assistant Professor of General Surgery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

^3. Instructor of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

^4. Instructor of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

^5. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Corresponding Author: yasertabarraie @yahoo.com, Tell: +98-0910-2911161

Abstract: Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the effects of education and preparation on anxiety in women referring to mammography centers in Qom city. Methods: this study was a clinical trial. The study population were 160 women without a previous history of mammography, referring for performing mammography. Using simple sampling method, subjects were selected and were randomly assigned to case and control groups. In order to gather data, personal data questionnaire and Beck’s anxiety scale were utilized. Anxiety of these subjects was analyzed before and after the education and preparation intervention. Gathered data were analyzed using spss software and paired t test, independent sample t test, chi square, Mann-whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Level of significance was determined as being p<0.05. Results: Mean and average of anxiety score in case (education and preparation) group was 10.9±5.2 and 21.15±8.4 in control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Also study findings revealed that case group had less anxiety before mammography compared to the study beginning (p<0.0001); however, the control group had more anxiety after mammography compared to the study beginning.

Discussion: Considering the results of this study, we suggest that consultation and preparation education by different medical groups has been effective in reducing women during mammography.

[H. Ahmari Tehran, A. Kachoie, E. Jafarbegloo, Z. Abedini, Y. tabarraei. Effects of education and preparation on anxiety in women referring for mammography. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):132-136] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.20

Keywords: education, preparation, anxiety, mammography.

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Economic and Social Damage of the Flood to Nimrud area and its Management Methods

Fatemeh Eskandari Nezhad

Phd student in Physical Geography, Sadridin Eini ,Tajikistan State University, Dushanbe

Abstract: Since this study focuses on exploring the relationship between the variables, it is a correlation type and because of discovering the effective cause(s) of incidence is among the scientific studies. This research is a field study since the residents and local experts were referred for identifying the amount of economic-social losses and the information is collected through the questionnaire. Thus it can be stated generally that the methods used in this thesis are among the descriptive-analytical, correlative-scientific and field techniques. Geographically, the studied area (Nimrud basin) is located in the North East of Tehran in southern hillside of Central Alborz Mountains and is one of the sub-basins of Hablerud. It has five sub-basins namely Qazqanchay - Farrokhrud - Saleh Bon - Shahrabad - Omrak and the area of this region is 812.7km² and is selected for sampling and adaptation on the one hand and for comparing the flood susceptibility data on the other hand. In this study, three following main hypotheses have been examined: The flood in this area causes the negative social consequences; the flood in this area has the negative and economic consequences, and finally the flood control in this area is effective by using the structural and non-structural or traditional-new methods. Student's t hypothesis test has been used in order to evaluate the results. In this research, it is concluded that the above hypotheses are confirmed based on the field research and the results of calculations. On this basis, finally the suggestions have been proposed.

[Fatemeh Eskandari Nezhad. Economic and Social Damage of the Flood to Nimrud area and its Management Methods. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):137-148] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.21

Keywords: Nimrud Drainage Area, hydrology, topography, morphology

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MEFV Common mutations detection in Iranian Azeri Turk patients with Ulcerative colitis: a case –control study

Mohammad Hossein Somi¹, Morteza Jabbarpour Bonyadi², Seyyed Kazem Mirinezhad¹, Mohsen Esmaeili³, Negar Laghaeian⁴, Masood Faghihdinevari¹, Maryam Soleimanpour^1*

1- MD, Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

2- PhD, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran.

3- PhD, Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

4- BS, Liver & Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

maryam.soleimanpour@gmail.com

Abstract: Background Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease constitute the two major forms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases with unknown etiology. It is suggested that genetic background and environmental factors are important factors in the diseases susceptibility and patient's response to therapy. Familial Mediterranean fever is an auto-inflammatory disease mainly inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. Since there are similarities between FMF and IBD, the responsible gene for FMF (MEFV) has been introduced as a modifier gene for IBD. Study: This case –control study was conducted in a setting of 139 unrelated patients referred with UC compatible symptoms and 200 matched controls without any positive familial history of Behcet syndrome, FMF or IBD in Azerbaijan during 2008-2010.They were screened for the five most common MEFV mutations (E148Q, V726A, M680I, M694I, and M694V) applying PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR techniques. All cases, being of Azeri Turk origin were matched in terms of age, sex and race. Results Thirty one (22.3%) patients and 52 (26%) control individuals carried one of the studied mutations. All studied types of MEFV mutations except for M694I and V726A could be detected in the patients. However, E148Q and V726A mutations were only observed in the control group. E148Q was the most frequent mutation observed in this cohort. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding M694V mutation (p=0.002). Conclusion Although the correlation between M694V mutation and UC seems to be significant among the Iranian Azeri Turk patients, studies on a large number of UC and control series and also on further MEFV mutations are required to determine the role of MEFV mutations in UC.

[Somi MH, Jabbarpour Bonyadi M, Mirinezhad SM, Esmaeili M, Laghaeian N, Faghihdinevari M, Soleimanpour M. MEFV Common mutations detection in Iranian Azeri Turk patients with Ulcerative colitis: a case –control study. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):149-152] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.22

Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, MEFV gene, Iranian Azeri Turkish patients, mutations

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Comparison of the efficacy of topical 0.05% Isotretinoin gel with 1% Clindamycin solution in the treatment of papulopustular acne vulgaris

Hamideh Herizchi Ghadim and Masood Sheikhnavasi

Department of Dermatology, Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

drherizchi@gmail.com

Abstract: Background and Aim: Acne vulgaris is a common disorder of adolescence which may lead to many cosmetically and psychological problems so various topical and systemic therapeutic modalities have been used. This study was designed to compare efficacy of topical Isotretinoin gel with 1% Clindamycin solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with mild to moderate papulopustular acne vulgaris were selected and randomly allocated into two (30 patients in each group). One group was treated with 0.05% Isotretinoin gel every night. The other group was treated with 1% Clindamycin solution twice daily. Both groups were followed every month for 3months. Results: The difference between TLC mean after treatment was meaningful in comparison with its mean before the treatment (P<0.001). The variance analyze with multiple measurements showed significant difference in ASI after treatment in comparison with its number before treatment (P<0.001). But satisfaction of patients in Clindamycin group was higher (P<0.001). Conclusion: Decrease in TLC and ASI in both treatment groups had a significant difference but with considering the minimal complications and satisfaction of patients in Clindamycin group. We can recommend 1% solution of Clindamycin in papulopustuler lesions of acne vulgaris.

[Herizchi Ghadim H, Sheikhnavasi M. Comparison of the efficacy of topical 0.05% Isotretinoin gel with 1% Clindamycin solution in the treatment of papulopustular acne vulgaris. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):153-157] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.23

Keywords: Acne; Topical Isotretinoin; Clindamycin

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A Trust and Co-Operative Nodes with Affects of Malicious Attacks and Measure the Performance Degradation on Geographic Aided Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Sudhakar Sengan¹, Dr.S.Chenthur Pandian²

^1. Research Scholar, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

^2. Principal, Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, TamilNadu, India.

sudhakarsengan@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper proposes to study the impact of malicious nodes on Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Due to their flexibility and independence from network infrastructure like base stations, it is being widely researched. Routing in MANETs is more challenging when compared to conventional networks due to various characteristics like dynamic network topology, limited bandwidth and limited battery power. Early research focused on developing efficient routing mechanisms in dynamic and resource-constrained networks in MANETs. Most of the routing protocols were suggested mainly based on the assumption of trust and cooperative nature amongst the nodes. Thus, the MANET is vulnerable to malicious node attacks. Geographic routing research, a recent approach compared to topological routing received attention due to improved routing capability resulting from accurate geographic information. This study investigates the impact of malicious nodes on geographic routing; through simulations conducted to evaluate network performance degradation caused by malicious node activity. Simulation studies demonstrate that the networks with 15% malicious nodes show significant performance degradation.

[Sudhakar Sengan, S. Chenthur Pandian. A Trust and Co-Operative Nodes with Affects of Malicious Attacks and Measure the Performance Degradation on Geographic Aided Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):158-163] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.24

Keywords: MANET, Ad hoc Network Routing, Position-Based Routing, Malicious Attacks, Throughput.

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The Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists (GnRHa) on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Perimenopausal Women Undergoing Hysterectomy

Mahlisha Kazemi Sheshvan¹, Manizheh Sayyah-Melli^2*, Arash Khaki³

1- Department of orthopedic and trauma surgery, Shariati Teaching Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Correspondence author: manizheh.sayyahmelli@gmail.com

Abstract: To determine how the presurgical administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) affects the patients’ bone mineral density (BMD) and quality of life after hysterectomy. Forty-five women aged 46-55 y/o with uterine myoma candidate for hysterectomy, consecutively have been considered to be evaluated in 2 groups in a prospective follow-up study in an university teaching hospital in Tabriz, Iran, from February 2009 to April 2012. Group one were 22 participants who received a GnRHa for 4 courses before surgery (study group) and group 2 were 23 participants (control group) with no treatment. Bone scans to appraise BMD was performed before and 6 months after the surgery. All signs and symptoms of hypo estrogenic state, pain scores and quality of life measures, were assessed. The mean changes between study group and controls in lumbar spine and hip BMD 6 months after surgery were significant [(p=0.03) and (p<0.001), respectively].The mean changes between groups in T-scores at the level of lumbar spine showed significant difference (p=0.01), but at the level of hip, it were not significant (p=0.69). The same changes between groups in Z-scores were statistically significant (p=0.019) and (p=0.008), respectively. Compared to controls in GnRHa group, low back pain increased significantly (p<0.001), and the quality of life measures was decreased. In perimenopausal women the presurgical short-term administration of GnRHa affects post-hysterectomy bone mineral density and quality of life. Hence unnecessary prescription of these drugs in this period of life should not be advocated.

[Mahlisha Kazemi Sheshvan, Manizheh Sayyah-Melli, Arash Khaki. The Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists (GnRHa) on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Perimenopausal Women Undergoing Hysterectomy. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):164-169] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.25

Key words: Bone mineral density, GnRH agonists, menopausal transition, quality of life

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Effect of Allium Cepa seeds Ethanolic Extract on Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Apoptosis induced by Estradiol-Valerate

Alia Ghasemzadeh¹_, Laya Farzadi¹, Arash Khaki^¬2, Sharareh Khan Ahmadi¹

1-Women’s Reproductive Health Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2-Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Correspondence Author: arashkhaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of female infertility, affecting about 5–10% of women in age of procreation. Apoptotic effects of Allium cepa seeds ethanol extract on experimental PCO induced by estradiol-valerat (PPA) in rats. Wistar female rat (n=60) were allocated into three groups, control (n=30); C1, an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl); C2, extract (0.3cc/rat/orally/daily); C3, Sesame oil (0.3cc/rat/orally/daily) and test groups (n=30), that subdivided into groups of 3 ,one group received extract supplement (0.3cc Sesame oil+ 0.3cc Allium Cepa /rat/orally/daily),second and third groups were induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM), third group received extract supplement, for 60 consequence days. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In last day of study the blood samples and ovarian tissue of rats in whole groups were removed and prepared to biochemical and pathology analysis. Means of hyperaemia, number of cyst and granulosa apoptotic cells were significantly increased in PCO groups (p<0.05), and these were significantly decreased in group receiving extract in comparison to experimental PCO and control groups. Level of TAC in all extract groups were significantly increased as compared to control and PCO groups (p<0.05). Means of Large antral follicle was significantly decreased in PCO groups (p<0.05). Results revealed that administration of Allium Cepa ethanol extract significantly compensation blood antioxidants level in PCO- induced rats that led to modulating the apoptosis.

Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):170-175] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.26

Key words: Allium cepa, Apoptosis, Estradiol-Valerate, sesame oil, TAC.

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Experimental study to compare the effects of Gradation, Additives and Filler Materials on performance of CIR Mixes

Kamran Muzaffar Khan ¹, Faizan Ali ², Tahir Sultan ³, Shiraz Ahmed ⁴, Afaq Ahmed ⁵

1* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. kamran.muzaffar@uettaxila.edu.pk

2, 4* Research Associate, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. faceuet@hotmail.com

3 Lecturer , Department of Civil Engineering, BZU Multan, Pakistan. chtahir786@hotmail.com

5 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan.

afaq.ahmad@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: Road transport is one of the major components in economic and social development of a country, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistan, 95% of the total freight movement throughout the country takes place through roads. Infrastructure development is one of the costlier processes and consumes a lot of national budget and then to maintain the infrastructure, again a considerable budget is required. There are various maintenance and rehabilitation techniques developed so far, with the modernization and new construction mechanical instruments and machines developed, cold recycling is a new, environmentally friendly and cost effective rehabilitation technique. The performance of Recycled mixes is still unknown as the recycled pavements behaves differently at different temperatures and in different regions of the world. Laboratory investigation of various stabilizing agents and recycling agent and amount of RAP and New Aggregates to be used is yet to be analyzed. Hence this research work is a step forward to investigate the laboratory performance of fillers and stabilizing agent on the properties of Cold Recycled mixes. Anionic emulsified bitumen is used as recycling agent and OPC is used as Stabilizing agent with certain amount of steel slag and marble waste is used as fillers in place of RAP in this research, and their performance is compared by Modulus of Resilience, Uniaxial Repeated Load Test (Static Creep) and Indirect Tensile strength Tests. The mixes containing 100 % RAP shows high Modulus of Resilience but mixes containing steel slag showed more resistance to permanent deformation in Uniaxial Repeated Load Strain test.

[Kamran M.K, Faizan A., Tahir S., Shiraz A., Afaq A. Experimental study to compare the effects of Gradation, Additives and Filler Materials on performance of CIR Mixes Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):176-184] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.27

Keywords: Road Transport, Infrastructure Development, Maintenance and Rehabilitation technique, recycling, stabilizing agent, fillers, Anionic Emulsified bitumen, RAP, Modulus of resilience, Creep.

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Improvement in Subsisted Product Delivery Process of Manufacturing Organization using Concurrent Engineering

Mirza Jahanzaib¹, Syed Athar Masood¹, Khalid Akhtar¹, Talat Aslam¹

¹Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

 jahan.zaib@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract: There is a strong market demand to develop product quickly, according to customer requirements at lower cost. To fulfill this demand, it is essential to develop product in such a way which is quicker and improved than traditional sequential way of product development. This can be achieved by replacing existing practices of product development with a collaborative approach of Concurrent Engineering (CE), which explores the opportunities of removal of design errors at initial stage. In this paper an attempt has been made towards exploration of implementation of CE. An existing Product Delivery Process (PDP) of local manufacturing organization has been closely observed and analyzed on the basis of Concurrent Engineering principles. Possible areas of improvements have been identified and prioritized for improvements. A comparison is made between the traditional and concurrent approaches and based on analysis; comparison has been made for bringing the current Product Delivery Process (PDP) of a manufacturing organization closer to the Concurrent Engineering (CE) concept. The recommendations advocate user companies to implement CE as a tool in manufacturing organization which is justified after comparison that the approach is valid and implemented in similar organization.

[Mirza Jahanzaib, Syed Athar Masood, Khalid Akhtar, Talat Aslam. Improvement in Subsisted Product Delivery Process of Manufacturing Organization using Concurrent Engineering. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):185-194] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.28

Key Words: Concurrent Engineering; Discrete parts Manufacturing Industry; Product Delivery Process; Supply Chain; Program Approach.

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Key Performance Indicators Prioritization in Whole Business Process: A Case of Manufacturing Industry

Syed Athar Masood¹, Mirza Jahanzaib², Khalid Akhtar²

¹Department of Engineering Management, EME College, National University of Science & Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

²Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

Keywords: Dynamic Business; Manufacturing Strategies; Strategic Decision Making; Whole Business Process.

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Managing Competitiveness using Production Volumes - Product Variety Model for Automobile Industry

Mirza Jahanzaib, Syed Athar Masood, Khalid Akhtar, Khurram Ali

Industrial Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

^* jahan.zaib@uettaxila.edu.pk

ABSTRACT: The manufacturing industries can be classified into process industry (PI) and discrete parts manufacturing industry (DPMI). Process industries have dedicated product line with fixed processes, routings and planning, whereas while discrete parts manufacturing industries are more flexible in terms of production volumes and varieties. For economic manufacturing, the optimum combination of Volume – Variety exists i.e. job shop, batch production system or mass production. In this paper, we have looked at the typical production volumes and varieties and have argued that there exist very low variety and low to medium production volumes for this particular sector. This calls for investigating ways and strategies to effectively cope with this situation. By taking a case of automobile part vendors triple strategy approach is adopted. Three strategies are not mutually exclusive – a subsequent strategy assumes that the previous strategy has been executed earlier and its benefits/ results still exist when the subsequent strategy is implemented. Strategies are, Good Governance Strategy (GGS), an Automation Strategy (AS) and an Export Strategy (ES). Using real life data from automobile part manufacturers; attempt is also made to test adopted strategies. The results indicate that a major scope for using techniques likes line balancing, activity based costing and value enhancement, exists. The extent of improvement has been shown by case studies of alternative production lines i.e. comparison of a traditional production line having large number of machines with that of a flexible line involving a much smaller number but versatile machines. Using value analysis in Export Strategy has helped in identifying less rewarding operations/ processes and thus competitiveness is obtained using the proposed model.

[Mirza Jahanzaib, Syed Athar Masood, Khalid Akhtar, Khurram Ali. Managing Competitiveness using Production Volumes - Product Variety Model for Automobile Industry. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):202-208] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.30

Key Words: Manufacturing Strategies, Production Volume, Product Variety, Manufacturing Flexibility.

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The Rollover Prediction and Prevention of Bullet Proof Vehicles for Improved Stability

Syed Gul Hassan Naqvi , Syed Athar Masood, Shahab Khushnood, Ali Rizwan, Mirza Jahanzaib

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan.

gulhassannaqvi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bullet proof vehicles (BPVs) are special purpose vehicles manufactured by carrying out modification of existing vehicle mostly inside compartment which contains basically hidden box of steel built inside the vehicle. Most critical areas of a bullet proof vehicle are protection of persons and maneuverability of the vehicle. Difficulties being faced in producing BPvs includes identification of suitable vehicle roll over models from the literature, parameters selection, comparison of these models and formulation of model new one exclusive to bullet proof vehicles produced in developing countries. This work presents an initial investigation to narrow down parameters selection to analyze roll over tendency in Bullet proof vehicles and offer a suitable methodology to avoid expected Bullet Proof Vehicle rollover due to dangerous driving maneuvers. Different scenarios are to be considered while roll model formulation of these special purpose bullet proof vehicles. Not only the add on armored protection drastically increase the weight of the vehicle which is the most critical area but also some special cases which are specific to BPV maneuverability also arises. The effect of such instable tendency on rollover require investigation not captured by existing normal vehicle models and further supports the idea for its investigation of roll over tendency. It has been learnt that uneven distribution of weight develops certain moments in a BPV which can create hidden instability tendency in a BPV.

[Syed Gul Hassan Naqvi, Syed Athar Masood, Shahab Khushnood, Ali Rizwan. The Rollover Prediction and Prevention of Bullet Proof Vehicles for Improved Stability. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):209-214] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.31

Keywords: Bullet Proof Vehicle, Rollover Thresh hold, LTR, Roll moment of inertia.

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Diagnostic value of ESR, CRP, and PLT in comparison to PCT and C3 in septic ICU cases

Reza Imani Rastabi ¹*, Ghorbanali Shahabi² and Ali Fazel³

¹Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

²Department of Immunology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

³Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

^*Corresponding author: Reza Imani Rastabi

Kashani Street, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Tel: 98-913-3815531; Fax: 98 381 2221669; Email: rastabi669@gmail.com

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the most common reasons worldwide for death among intensive care unit patients because of diagnostic procedures' limitations. Despite new supportive treatments and administration of high potent antibiotics, sepsis remains fatal and reduces survivors' life quality. To measure Procalcitonin (PCT) and Complement C3 (C3) and their association with Blood Sedimentation (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Leukocytes (WBC) in suspected sepsis patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and use changes in ESR, CRP, and WBC as simple and less expensive tests to diagnose and/or follow up sepsis patients. For this descriptive analytical study, 30 patients with suspected sepsis at ICU were enrolled. ESR, CRP, PLT, and WBC measurements were performed in three stages: admission time (pre-sepsis), in case of onset of possible sepsis indications (peri- sepsis), and prior to discharge (post-sepsis). Serum level of PCT was measured by immunochromatography and C3 determined by SRID. The data was analyzed by repeated measure and Pearson correlation coefficient (SPSS 11). ESR, CRP, PLT, and WBC in peri-sepsis were significantly higher than those in pre- and post sepsis (p <0.05). Comparing PCT mean level in peri- and post-sepsis (lowest level) showed a significant difference, while no significant difference was seen between pre- and peri sepsis (p <0.05). C3 biomarker was also significantly higher in peri-sepsis than pre- and post sepsis (p <0.05). Although changes in PCT and C3 have a high diagnostic value in early stages of sepsis and are used as guides for antibiotic therapy in suspected sepsis cases, regarding the significant difference in ESR, CRP, and WBC in peri-sepsis compared to pre- and post-sepsis in our study, these tests could be offered as simpler and less expensive tests, having moderate diagnostic value for the diagnosis of sepsis on ICU admission.

[Reza Imani Rastabi, Ghorbanali Shahabi and Ali Fazel. Diagnostic value of ESR, CRP, and PLT in comparison to PCT and C3 in septic ICU cases. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):215-220]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.32

Keywords: Sepsis, Intensive Care Units, Procalcitonin, Blood Sedimentation, C-Reactive Protein, Leukocytes, Complement C3

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Flow Incidence Effects on Surface Pressure Distributions and Velocity Profile of Axial Compressor Blades

Reza Eftekhari

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran

Email: aero2010.iust@gmail.com , 09395059318

Abstract: Cascade data are essential in design process of any turbo machine blades. These data consist of variations of losses, pressure rise, surface pressure distributions and outlet flow angle in terms of Reynolds number, inlet Mach number and flow incidence. Compressor designers use these set of data not only for selection of profile geometry to suit their predicted on design performance, but also to meet off design conditions. Blade incidence may change due to many factors. These factors mainly consist of rotational speed of the compressor axis and inlet flow conditions. Design point in majority of turbo machines does not necessarily correspond to zero incidences. As a result, cascade data at various incidences would be vital during design performance. In the present research work, intensive investigations were performed on axial compressor blades from experimental and numerical point of views. In this paper, results are confined to variations of surface pressure distributions versus flow incidence. In parallel to the wind tunnel tests flow characteristics were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved using realizable K-ε turbulence modelling.

[Reza Eftekhari. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Flow Incidence Effects on Surface Pressure Distributions and Velocity Profile of Axial Compressor Blades. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):221-228]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.33

Keywords: Compressor cascade flows, Surface pressure distribution, Incidence Effects, Turbulence modelling.

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Historical and cultural attractions, and Its role in economic development in Golestan Province

Akbar Sharbati

Payam Noor University, Golestan Province

E-mail: akbar.sharbati@yahoo.com, tel: 09111756145

Abstract: Iran is among ten prime countries throughout the world in terms of tourism attractions. This ancient land, with cultural values, long history of civilization, monuments and historic structures, has always been interesting and spectacular for tourists. Golestan province, with an area equivalent to 20438.7 sq km, is considered as part of the vast land of Iran which has historically a brilliant history; in addition, with more than 1,100 historical and cultural monuments is one of the major tourist areas in northern Iran. This paper aims to introduce the potential tourist capabilities (historic and cultural) of Golestan province and provide the appropriate strategies for optimal utilization of these capabilities in attracting tourists as well as providing the areas for promoting the economic level of local communities and a more balanced distribution of income in the province by researching in the documents and library resources and surveys.

[Akbar Sharbati. Historical and cultural attractions, and Its role in economic development in Golestan Province. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):229-234]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.34

Keywords: Tourism; Golestan province; historical monuments; cultural attractions; towers

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Providing a Model for Research Productivity Evaluation in Iran

Kamal Ghalandari

Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

E-Mail: kamal.ghalandari@gmail.com; Mobile: 0098-9141885288

ABSTRACT: In present research it tried to identify elements of research productivity and then its influential factors are detected and finally an appropriate model for productivity evaluation of faculty members is formulated and provided. Present study was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In qualitative part, statistical population of research consisted of all experts and professionals in research jobs and they were sampled in a targeted way. In quantitative part, statistical population consisted of male and female faculty members of District 2 of Islamic Azad University including confirmed official, official, contractual and probationary ones. According to purpose of study and composition of research population, a volume-based random-classified sampling was conducted and sample size was considered as 261 based on Krejcie and Morgan table. Finally in qualitative part of study, researcher used Delphi method to converge opinions of experts and in quantitative part, correlation and advanced multi-variable analyses (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model) were used for data analysis. Results from structural equation model using empirical data showed that organizational factors had no direct effects on research productivity while individual factors directly influenced it. On the other hand results obtained based on Friedman non-parametric test for ranking factors showed that among individual factors job satisfaction obtained the highest rank and gender had the least importance. In ranking organizational factors, motivation obtained the first rank and employees and colleagues' attitudes had the least importance. Also results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that individual factors can be divided in to three groups: job satisfaction, learning and teaching process and specialized job ability. Also organizational factors divided into six groups: organizational support, organizational culture, organizational purpose, motivational factors, students characteristics and industrial relationship.

[Kamal Ghalandari. Providing a Model for Research Productivity Evaluation in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):235-244]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.35

Keywords: Individual Factors, Organizational Factors, Research Productivity.

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Lunar Tidal Effects on the Bottom Side of the Ionospheric Plasma With Variation of Local Magnetic Field in Mid-Latitude

­Leili Ebrahimi Razgale¹, Zahra Emami^1*, Mahdi Bakhshi², Mina Janserian¹

¹ Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Computer, Shahrbabak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrbabak, Iran

*Corresponding Author: zahra_sh_emami@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ionosphere is a part of the atmosphere which is formed due to solar ultraviolet radiation on the atmosphere. It continues from high altitudes to near the Earth's surface. It is divided into different layers such as D, E, and F and… due to the ionization rate and the density of electron, ions and some other factors. Ionosphere is known as an environmental plasma conditions. One of the interesting phenomena in the Ionosphere is the plasma occurrence of E_S. This phenomenon is occasional and it may disappear in short time range. We are searching for the correlation between two phenomena as E_s-plasma layer height and the earth geomagnetism activities. To do this, we study the correlation of these two parameters at the four main moon phases. When the moon is experiencing one of its main phases, the tide goes in and out to its maximum or minimum values. As the gravitational forces cause tide to occur through affecting the surface tension of the sea waters, they take the same effect on the Ionosphere and the E-layer and cause the lunar tidal effects in this layer. Our investigations in the Ionosphere Station at Boulder, Colorado which located in the mid-latitude-that have been done in periods categorized by the mid-day tides, revealed that in each period, the variations of the correlation coefficient between Es-plasma layer height occurrence and the earth geomagnetism activities are the same for each main phases of moon in different months.

[Leili Ebrahimi Razgale, Zahra Emami, Mahdi Bakhshi, Mina Janserian. Lunar Tidal Effects on the Bottom Side of the Ionospheric Plasma With Variation of Local Magnetic Field in Mid-Latitude. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):245-249] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.36

Keywords: Plasma, Plasma occurrence of E_S, lunar tide, Geomagnetic activity, main phases of the moon.

Pacs: 94.20.Wc 94.20.Wf.

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Study Analysis of Coping Styles in the Coronary Diseases and myocardial infarction

Seyed Ali Doustdar Tousi ¹ Mahintaj Gohargani² Ebrahim Nabavizadeh³ Hamidreza Akbari kia⁴ Askari Asghari Ganji⁵ Nader Jafari⁶

¹. PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia

². PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia

³. PhD student of psychology in medical state University of Armenia

⁴. Payame Noor University

⁵. PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia

⁶. PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia

Corresponding author E-mail: s.ali doustdar@yahoo.com

Abstract: The research studies differences between the coping style in the coronary patients and myocardial infarction diseases. Participants are Patients group includes 145 persons (77 patients with myocardial infarction and 68 of them cardiovascular disease and need to mention that most patients had coronary diseases). The data was obtained by dint of questionnaire "Coping Inventory of Stressful Situation" (CISS). The obtained data has shown significant differences between the coping styles of cardiovascular patients when they are confront to the stressful problems. The coronary patients diseases exploit Emotion-oriented coping style ,The study showed none significant difference in the coronary patients, like myocardial infarction patients. But there is a significant difference in coping style than healthy people. Apparently it is underline that coronary diseases suffering from situational contingency.

[Seyed Ali Doustdar Tousi, Mahintaj Gohargani^,, Ebrahim Nabavizadeh^,, Hamidreza Akbari kia, Askari Asghari Ganji, Nader Jafari. Study Analysis of Coping Styles in the Coronary Diseases and myocardial infarction.

Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):250-254] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.37

Keywords: coping styles, myocardial infarction, coronary diseases, emotion-oriented.

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Deformation path partitioning within the transpressional Khoy shear zone, Zagros orogen, NW Iran

Hassan Haji Hosseinlou^1*, Ali Solgi¹, Mohammad Mohajjel², Mohsen Pourkermani¹

¹ Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

hajihosseinlou@iaukhoy.ac.ir

Abstract: Metamorphic-ophiolitic complex and various intrusive rocks in the Khoy area are located in a transpressed active continental margin. These complexes in the Zagros orogen were deformed during an oblique convergence scenario between the Arabian and West Alborz- Azerbaydjan blocks in NW Iran. The Khoy area contains both NW-SE striking dextral strike-slip and SW verging NE dipping ductile reverse shear fabrics. Ductile shear fabrics are overprinted by subsequent younger thrust and strike-slip fault systems. Abundant syn-tectonic granitoides were intruded in the Khoy area during convergent. Shear deformation fabrics are well identified in both deformed intrusive and metamorphic-ophiolite complex. The geometry and kinematics of shear fabrics indicate a deformation partitioning in both ductile and brittle conditions during a progressive transpression tectonic regime. [Hassan H.H, Ali S, Mohammad M, Mohsen P.K. Deformation path partitioning within the transpressional Khoy shear zone, Zagros orogen, NW Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):255-265] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.38

Keywords: Deformation partitioning, Khoy, Metamorphic-ophiolitic, NW Iran, Shear zone.

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The Effects of Rope Training on Heart Rate, Anaerobic Power and Reaction Time of the Basketball Players

Serdar ORHAN

School of Physical Education and Sports, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

sorhan23@gmail.com, sorhan@firat.edu.tr

[Serdar O. The Effects of Rope Training on Heart Rate, Anaerobic Power and Reaction Time of the Basketball Players. Life Sci J 2013; 10(4s):266-271] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.39

Keywords: Basketball, Rope Training, Anaerobic, Reaction Time.

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An Investigation of some Variables Problem Solving Skills of Youth Camps Leaders

Zeki Coşkuner

Fırat University Physical Education Department, Elazig/Turkey

Abstract: A problem is an obstacle, impediment, difficulty or challenge, or any situation that invites resolution; the resolution of which is recognized as a solution or contribution toward a known purpose or goal. Problem solving consists of using generic or specific methods, in an orderly manner, for finding solutions to problems. This research aims to examine if there is a significant difference between “the problem solving abilities” of some Youth Camps Leaders depending on variables such as age, gender, and experience. The sample of this investigation consists of 70 females and 114 males; 184 youth camps leaders who have attended the Ministry of Youth’s sports camps. The statistics for Sahin and others were used to collect data and adapted for Turkish using the "Problem Solving Inventory". The data obtained was analyzed using the t-test and Anova tests and interpreted in the tables. According to the study of youth camp leaders, the results were impacted by several variables such as age, level of education, and gender differences.

[ Zeki C. An Investigation of some Variables Problem Solving Skills of Youth Camps Leaders. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):272-275] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.40

Keywords: Problem, Problem Solving, Youth, Youth Camps.

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Study the role and simultaneous effects of the type of ownership on efficiency and value of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

¹Alireza eghbali amoghin, ² Esmail panahi, ³Amin gholami

¹Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil. Iran

²Department of Accounting, Genaveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Genaveh, Iran

³Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch

eghbalia@ymail.com

Abstract: In the present study, the role and separate and simultaneous effects of concentration and type of ownership on two factors; efficiency and value of the listed companies in Tehran Sock Exchange have been studied. The statistical sample of the research includes 70 companies during the period of 1381 to 1386. In this research in order to study the effect of each given factor on the efficiency and value of the companies, two methods have been applied; static panel data and dynamic panel data. The research findings indicate a significant linear relationship between the two factors of ownership concentration and the companies’ efficiency with lack of significant relationship between concentrated ownership and companies’ value. On the other hand the results related to the test of the effects of the ownership type shows that unlike the reverse relation between stock returns and ratio of state ownership, there is a direct and significant relation between ratio of individual, corporate and private ownership with efficiency. However the variable of ownership concentration in all the models had a linear and direct relation with stock returns. The test of the relation between types of ownership with company value also indicated the same results as was expressed for the efficiency.

[Alireza E.A, Esmail P, Amin GH. Study the role and simultaneous effects of the type of ownership on efficiency and value of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):276-284] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.41

Keywords: Type of ownership, ownership concentration, Stock returns, Panel Data.

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Effect of Forecasted Earnings Properties on the Response Coefficient of the Future Earnings

Nasrin Malakouti khah ¹, Rasool Baradaran Hasanzadeh ²

¹Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university,Tabriz,Iran

²Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-mail: Goleyas_n@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most efficient ways where managers can convey their expectations to the capital market is earnings per share (EPS) forecast issuance. Management earnings forecast presents some data to the market voluntarily. Quality of this data facilitates developing insight into the relationship among the voluntary disclosure cases with the companies' capital expenditure. Investors are interested to know whether they can trust the financial statement data from company authorities or not. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of management forecast properties on the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. It was conducted during seven consecutive years, from 2004 to 2010, and the collected data from 104 of such companies was analyzed. If this issuance helps investors in forecasting the future earnings, the earnings response coefficient may follow the quality of the revealed data related to the EPS forecasted by the manager. Hence, the main problem is to clarify the capital market activists' comprehension and reaction to different aspects of forecasted prediction based on the forecasts informative role in estimating the future earnings. Taking benefit of the prior researches, the present project attempts to complete the empirical and theoretical bases of the role that company disclosure plays in guiding the capital market activists in making proper and timely decisions on investment According to the findings, precision or accuracy, type, and horizon of the 8uthe companies. Hence, it seems that capital market activists have the capacity to comprehend and apply EPS forecasts to investment decision-making patterns. Furthermore, the results indicate the insignificance of EPS forecast issuance frequency. Concerning this, issuance frequency of the predicted EPS may not be considered as related data for the investors. In other words, it could be interpreted that EPS forecast issuance frequency does not affect the capital market activists' investment decisions. Furthermore, forecasts issuance frequency shows that the manager reconsidered the forecast earnings.

[Malakouti khah N, Baradaran Hasanzadeh, R. Effect of Forecasted Earnings Properties on the Response Coefficient of the Future Earnings. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):285-294] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.42

Keywords: forecast issuance frequency, earnings forecast precision, earnings forecast type, earnings forecast horizon, earnings response coefficient.

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Locus of control and mal adaptive schema as predictor Obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions, in Armenian participants

1 Hamidreza Akbarikia Ebrahim, 2Nabavizadeh, 3 MahintajGohargani, 4 Seyed Ali Doustdar Tousi, 5Nader Jafari Balalami, 6Askari Asghari Ganji

1PhD student of medical psychology, PhD student of psychophysiology, 2Yerevan State University, 3PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia, 4 PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia, 5 PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia, 6 PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia

1.Payame Noor university Iran, 2. Applied Science Bhzisti, 3 Education organization Yasouj, 4 Farhangian University, Sari Branch, 5 Babolsar School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6.Mazandaran University, Farhangian University, babol. hamid_akbarikia@yahoo.com

 Abstract: Obsessive compulsive symptoms (OC) characterized by recurrent unwanted thoughts, images or impulses (obsessions) that provoke anxiety, as well as attempts to resist or neutralize the obsessional anxiety through avoidance behavior and intentional overt or covert action Although OCD previously was thought to be relatively rare in the general population, more recent epidemiological studies indicate a lifetime prevalence of approximately 2–3%. The main purpose of the present study was to test whether the obsessive compulsive groups are significant association with mal adaptive schema and locus of control in sub scale of internal, powerful others and chance. Examination of the individual betas indicated that, chance and powerful others were significant predictors of OCD arrangement and collecting symptomatology (β= .32, p< .01, .arrangement β=.51, P<.001 collecting). In addition to this, only the interaction between mal adaptive schema and all obsessive compulsive subscale maintained its high significance (β= .71, p< .001). In the OCD group, multiple linear regression analyses revealed highest partial correlations between scores on the repeating dimension and ma adaptive schema (β=.84, P=0.01). other OCD symptom dimensions were significantly related to locus of control specific powerful others and chance dimension P:(β=.48 p=0.001) C:(β=.37 P=0.001). This result demonstrated that powerful others and chance were predictor for obsessive compulsive symptom. Present research demonstrated effect of Locus of Control on OCD and we found Higher locus of control scoring (more towards powerful others and chance) was significantly correlated to higher Y-BOCS total obsessive compulsive symptom and other subscale as well as aggression and repeating. There was no correlation between internal locus of control and OCD score.

[Hamidreza Akbarikia Ebrahim, Nabavizadeh, MahintajGohargani, Seyed Ali Doustdar Tousi, Nader Jafari Balalami, Askari Asghari Ganji. Locus of control and mal adaptive schema as predictor Obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions, in Armenian participants. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):295-301] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.43

Keywords: mal adaptive schema, Locus of control; Obsessive-compulsive symptom subscale;

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Demographic variables effect on Emotional Intelligence Axis

1Nader Jafari Balalami, 2 Askari Asghari Ghanji, 3 Seyed Ali Doustdare tosi, 4 Mahintaj Ghohargani, 5 Ebrahim Nabavizadeh, 6 Hamidreza Akbari kia

1. PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia; 2. PhD student of psychology of National Academy of science in Armenia; 3. PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia; 4. PhD student of psychophysiology in Orbeli institute of National Academy of science in Armenia; 5. PhD student of psychophysiology Yerevan State University6. PhD student of medical psychology

1. Babolsar School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University. Iran; 2. Farhangian University, babol; 3. Farhangian University, Sari Branch; 4. Education organization, Yasouj; 5. Applied Science Bhzisti; 6. Payame Noor university. 6* Consulting psychology Ph.D. Student and Teacher of Mazandaran University (Corresponding author), Email: nader_jafari900@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aims to analyze demographic features on Emotional Intelligence (EI) and its Axis. The research method is causal – comparative. The statistical community is all married students in Mazandaran University that through multi-phase cluster sampling, 217 individuals have been chosen 108 out of whom were female and 109 were male. Study instrument included inventory Bar-on (1997) used to assess E1 level, also personal identification from was used to get demographic characteristics. To analyze the variables relation and effect, T and F statistical test has been applied. The study results indicated that men’s E1 level is higher than women, this difference is statistically meaningful. Also, the results showed that age, education level and father’s education level have effect on subject’s E1 but mother’s education level has no impact on E1. Besides, birth order has no effect on their E1.

[Nader Jafari Balalami, Askari Asghari Ghanji, Seyed Ali Doustdare Tosi, Mahintaj Ghohargani, Ebrahim Nabavizadeh, Hamidreza Akbari kia. Demographic variables effect on Emotional Intelligence Axis. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):302-307] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.44

Keywords: Demographic variables, Emotional Intelligence.

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Effect of parenterally Acetaminophen on the attenuation of post-operative pain subsequent Colectomy

¹Eilyad Issabeagloo, ²Babak Abri Aghdam, ³Ali Rezaei

1- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2- Department of special surgery, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of surgery, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Dr.e.issabeagloo@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Analgesic efficacy of parenterally acetaminophen is variable in different surgical procedures. Little data is available on its efficacy in Colectomy. Intravenous Acetaminophen is a useful drug in treating postoperative pains and could be used alone or in combination with other drugs. Current study conducted this prospective, randomized, double blind study to evaluate and compare the efficacy acetaminophen with morphine in Colectomy surgery over a 24 hour period. Methods: In a clinical trial, 79 patients candidate for elective lumbar Colectomy were randomly put into groups receiving Acetaminophen (40 patients) or placebo (39 patients). In group one, 1 gr I.V. Acetaminophen infusion started 15 minutes before the end of surgery. Group 2 received 100 ml NaCl 0.9% in the same period. Pain scores were assessed at relaxation with VAS (visual analogue scale) at 0 (after awakening), 5, 10, 15 and 24 hours. Morphine use (according to patient's will due to pain) was recorded in 24 hours. Results: Acetaminophen group had significantly lower mean VAS (less sever pain) than placebo group after recovery (5.73±1.89 versus 6.85±2.11, p=0.004), 5 hours later (5.34±2.03 versus 7.67±1.9, p=0.01), 10 hours later (4.81±1.29 versus 5.71±1.31, p=0.02), 15 hours later (4.11±1.05 versus 4.67±1.61, p=0.02) and 24 hours later (2.61±1.31 versus 3.57±1.41, p=0.01). Morphine requirement in different periods was lower in Acetaminophen group than placebo which had no significant differences. Mean cumulative morphine use in 24 hours in paracetamol group (5.89±2.79 mg) was lower than placebo group (8.48±3.51 mg), however the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Results of current study showed that intravenous Acetaminophen is effective in reducing postoperative pain severity, but do not reduces need for morphine use.

[Eilyad Issabeagloo, Babak Abri Aghdam, Ali Rezaei. Evaluation of effect of Acetaminophen on the lessen of post operative pain due to Colectomy in parenterally administration. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):308-313] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.45

Keywords: Colectomy; Acetaminophen; morphine; Postoperative pain.

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Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Review of 50 Cases in the City of Kashan-Iran, 2011-2012

Samimi M¹, Mesdaghinia E¹, Khamehchian T², Yousefian V^1٭, Moravveji SA⁴

^1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

^2.Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

 ^٭Corresponding Author: Yousefian V., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.

E-Mail: v_yousefian@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: In one-third of the cases of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) the cause is unknown; also, previous studies have not adequately determined the role of all possible factors. This paper reviews some of the factors contributing to the occurrence of IUFD. Methods and Materials: This was a case-control study approved by the institutional review board at Kashan University of Medical Sciences. All recorded 50 cases of IUFD during 2011-2012 in the city of Kashan-Iran were included in the study. Maternal and fetal data gathered included maternal age, gestational age, fetal sex, complete blood cells counts, renal function tests, level of blood glucose and viral infections. Data analysis was done using SPSS 14 software. Results: A significant correlation was found between family relation with husband and IUFD. Fetal sex was not an associated factor, though (P=.838). There was a significant association between maternal hemoglobin concentration, serum creatinin levels, and blood sugar with fetal death while Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels were not associated with the occurrence of IUFD. It was shown that the studied viral infections can increase the risk of IUFD (P=.012). Conclusion: This study found that the history of previous pregnancy loss, consanguinity and the viral infections are risk factors for IUFD. Maternal hemoglobin concentration, serum creatinin levels, and blood sugar were found to be important factors in IUFD while maternal age, fetal sex and the number of red blood cells were not confirmed in this study to be important factors.

[Samimi M, Mesdaghinia E, Khamehchian T, Yousefian V, Moravveji SA. Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Review of 50 Cases in the City of Kashan-Iran, 2011-2012. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):314-319] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.46

Key words: Consanguinity, Risk factors, Sex, Stillbirth, Viral diseases

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Assessment of serum values of copper in cross-breed cows in Sarab

Saied Razaghi^1*, Amir Parviz Rezaie Saber², Ali Hassanpour²

1- DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Author for all correspondence: aprs_1352@yahoo.com

Abstract: The most common reason to assess the trace mineral status of ruminants is because performance is below expectation. Accordingly, the assessment is done to determine the presence or prevalence of nutrient deficiencies (or toxicities) within a population. Assessment also is done to evaluate efficacy of dietary supplementation or to compare available supplements. The aim of this study was to assessment of serum values of copper in cross-breed cows in east Azerbaijan province of Iran. In this study, 316 blood serums were obtained from cows growing in the pasture conditions were used as a material in 4 season of a year. The sera were extracted from the blood taken, and kept in the deep freeze in -20°C, until they are analyzed. The copper analyses in the serum were made with spectrophotometric method by Randox kit. The values found were evaluated by “t test”. According to the table 1 and 2, mean value of copper and ceruloplasmin was 0.21±0.85 ppm and 0.91±3.74 mg/dl in understudying animals respectively. So, based on ANOVA comparative test, there was significant difference in serum values of copper and ceruloplasmin in term of seasons. According to the tables 3 and 4, the serum value of copper in pregnant and non-pregnant cows was 0.21±0.84 and 0.21±0.87, respectively. Also, the serum value of ceruloplasmin in pregnant and non-pregnant cows was 0.87±3.68 and 0.94±3.81, respectively. So, based on ANOVA comparative test, there was no significant difference in serum values of copper and ceruloplasmin in term of pregnancy. It has been thought that this study will fulfill an important gap, because of not to be present the normal value of serum copper belonging to the sanjabian races. It is known that the excess and insufficiency of trace elements cause some disorders and decrease in production. So in order to search the effects of these substances, the normal values should be known.

Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):320-323] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.47

Key words: serum, copper, cow, east Azerbaijan province, Iran.

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Evaluation of Sahand New Town Based on Sustainability Indicators

Mahsa Faramarzi Asli^1*, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari²

1. Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, and Payame noor university of Iran, Tabriz - Member of Young Researchers Club of Tabriz, Iran

Email:faramarzi@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: Urban population has been increasing and it is estimated to reach 70%of the total population in the world by the year 2050. The construction of new towns is performed in order to meet the needs such as absorbing the population overflow, providing dwellings and many other factors; but their origin is not considered based on sustainability Indicators during urban sustainable development process. Iran’s new towns tend towards unsustainability due to reasons such as inexact determination of new towns’ legal position, not defining resources for providing building costs, inconsistency and lack of cooperation among different organizations, also lack of infrastructural facilities, and decision-makers and town-builders’ lack of planning in regard to different aspects of sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to investigate Sahand new town success rate based on urban sustainability Indicators. The research method is field and analytical methods. In this paper, sustainability Indicators are selected in seven perspectives, and while evaluating based on these perspectives, proper and effective strategies for sustainable development of Sahand new town determined and introduced for future projects. Research results show that Sahand new town is in very weak environmental sustainability, in medium level of social sustainability, and the subsidies removal and Maskan Mehr (Mehr Housing) plans have been effective in economic sustainability.

[Mahsa Faramarzi Asli, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari. Evaluation of Sahand New Town Based on Sustainability Indicators. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):324-330] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.48

Keywords: Sustainability Indicators, Sustainable Development, Urban Sustainability, Iran’s New-Built Towns, Sahand New Town.

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Prediction Of Playing Ability In Wrestle Using Antropometrical And Physical Variables Among College Level Players

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi

Department of Basic science, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to prediction of playing ability in Wrestle from selected Anthropometric and physical variables. 100 male college Wrestle players were selected Inter colligate Wrestle players from the ferdowsi univesity of mashhad. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 28 years. The independent variables such as height, weight, arm length, speed, agility strength, power, speed and the dependent variable. Wrestle playing ability were selected for this study. The data on selected independent variables and playing ability(expert-rating) were collected data were analysed by using person and multiple regression to find out the relationship and to predict selected variables which involves Wrestle playing ability. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between playing ability and the combined effect of selected Anthropometric and physical variables.

[Esmaeilzadeh M. Prediction Of Playing Ability In Wrestle Using Antropometrical And Physical Variables Among College Level Players. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):331-333] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.49

Keywords: Wrestle, statistical analysis, regression analysis.

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Stability Of The Generalized 2-Variable Quadratic Functional Equation

A. Nejadali Abolfazl, Ghoochani Rezvan And Kheirabadi Hamid

Nikshar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshar, Iran

E-mails : nejadali.2000@yahoo.com; re_ghoochani@yahoo.com

Abstract: IN this paper, we derive the stability of the 2-variable quadratic functional equation (0.01) and the stability of the 2-variable quadratic functional equation (0.02) . forall, where G is an semigroup and  is a homomorphism of G such thatσoσ = I.

[A. Nejadali Abolfazl, Ghoochani Rezvan And Kheirabadi Hamid. Stability Of The Generalized 2-Variable Quadratic Functional Equation. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):334-340] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.50

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Comparison of change stages of trans theoretical model (TTM) among health-related field and non health-related field to milk consumption

Farhadi Abolfazl, Farhadi Sadegh and Nikpey Alef

Department of Nursing, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran

Co responding Author email: farhadie_1967@yahoo.com

Abstract: During last few decades, soft drink consumption has steadily increased while milk intake has decreased. Excess consumption of soft drinks and low milk intake may pose risks of several diseases such as dental caries, obesity, and osteoporosis. Although beverage consumption habits form during young adulthood, which has a strong impact on beverage choices in later life. The aim of this study was to determine and Comparison of stages of transtheoretical model (TTM) among health-related field(HRF) and non health-related field (NHRF ) to milk consumption. A significantly higher percentage of HRF than NHRF students self-classified in the action- maintenance stages (15% versus 11%, P = 0.016); also a significantly higher percentage of NHRF than HRF students self-classified in the pre contemplation -contemplation-preparation stage (89% versus 85%, P = 0.015)according Mann-Whitney U test.

[Farhadi A, Farhadi S, Nikpey A. Comparison of change stages of trans theoretical model (TTM) among health-related field and non health-related field to milk consumption. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):341-344] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.51

Key word: trans theoretical model, change stages, milk consumption, students.

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First report of digestive form of contagious echtyma in yeanling: A case report

Mohammad Mashayekhi¹, Daryoush Mohajeri², Farzaneh Akbarzadeh³

1- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3- Student of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding author’s Email: mashayekhi79@yahoo.com

Abstract: Contagious ecthyma is an infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats that affects primarily the lips of young animals. The disease is usually more severe in goats than in sheep. Humans are occasionally affected, and the disease has been reported in dogs that have eaten infected carcasses. A yeanling referred with high fever (42̊C), anorexia, depression, mucopurulent discharge from nasal cavity, conjunctivitis and abnormal respiratory sounds (wheeze) with proliferative lesions on gum and obvious lesions on tongue. Histological samples were obtained from gingival and lingual mucosa and sent for pathology laboratory and finally diagnosis approaches to ORF.

Mohammad Mashayekhi, Daryoush Mohajeri, Farzaneh Akbarzadeh. First report of digestive form of contagious echtyma in yeanling: A case report. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):345-347] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.52

Keywords: contagious echtyma, digestive form, yeanling.

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Body Composition Changes Among 7-14 Years old Male Children Living in Ankara Province - A Fifteen Year Cross-Sectional Study

Cengiz AKALAN, Ph.D.

Ankara University, School of Physical Education and Sports

Office: +90 312 600 01 00 / ext. 1631 - 1583; Fax: +90 312 212 29 86, cengizakalan@hotmail.com

Abstract: Childhood obesity has increased worldwide, which raises the risk of morbidity and mortality for numerous chronic conditions in adulthood. Purpose of this study is to determine the changes in body composition among Turkish male children living in Ankara -The Capital- in fıfteen years from 1995 to 2010. A total of 2400 boys age 7-10 years (n= 1200) and 11-14 years (n=1200) were assessed for body composition in 1995,2000.2005 and 2010. Statistical analyses identified a significant increase in total body weight, body mass index ratio (BMI-body size), and sum of five skinfold (ediposity) scores (p<0.05) within fifteen years. As in many countries around the world, the prevalance of owerweight and obesity among children appears to be rising in Ankara province. The promotion of physical activity and nutrition education are recommended at a young age to prevent the progression of chronic illnesses associated with overweight and obesity. [Cengiz AK. Body Composition Changes Among 7-14 Years old Male Children Living in Ankara Province - A Fifteen Year Cross-Sectional Study. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):348-353] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.53

Keywords: Children, Fitness, Obesity, Body Composition.

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Displacement impacts of auditing works on auditors’ independence and their work qualities

Alireza Roozbahani

Department of History, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

 E-mail: Alirezaroozbahani710@yahoo.com

Abstract: One of the most important advised strategies of vocational applicant and stocks have been for solving problem of auditors’ independence, increasing auditing service qualities and auditing enterprise cycles. The process of auditing enterprise cycles mean changing auditor change after performing a few auditing cycle of a firm that it is carried out based on regulations with public community decisions of that firm. In this investigation, we are making an effort to study that auditing affair cycles (displacement) between auditing groups will have effects on their function from a independence, work quality levels and reporting point of view. We are using from a test with a subject design for determining whether auditing enterprise cycle impact on auditors understanding from the auditors’ independence and their work quality viewpoint. With regards to findings, have been carried out based on 212 polling from auditors, the results show that the present of auditing work cycle policies impact on auditors’ independence, on deviation from them. But auditor tenure in long will have well-deserved impacts on mentioned 3 options.

[Alireza Roozbahani. Displacement impacts of auditing works on auditors’ independence and their work qualities. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):354-358]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.54

Key words: auditing cycles, independence, quality, reporting, and tenure.

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“Audience Phantasm” for Media from Viewpoints of Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) Authorities’

Amir Abdolreza Sepanji

Assistant Professor of Communication and Media Studies

Abstract: Analyzing the image of audiences presented by IRI’s authorities including: policy makers, powerful official, religious leaders, and media officials and comparing it with theories have brought up by experts in the field of communication may consider media activities from all angles in Iran. Accordingly, as the abovementioned authorities' viewpoint of audiences exposed to media messages keeps distance from the true nature of media activities, media-message receivers and their current position in the booming market of media, as termed by Mohsenyan-e Rad as “Message Bazaar”, there will possibly be disastrous social, cultural, political, and even economic consequences with regard to media uses. So, the present article aims at the viewpoint by IRI (Islamic Republic of Iran)’s authorities concerning the characteristics and general nature of audiences and terms it as “Audience Phantasm”. It firstly notes that there will be consequences such as audience distancing themselves from local and official media in this country, if policy makers and media officials' imaginations of audiences become far from related bare facts have happened in the era of global media and the nature of audiences. After that, the article reviews the history and definition for the term “Audience”, and introduces the “Uses and Gratifications Theory “and “Audience Phantasm” phenomena as theoretical-research principles based on which it presents the characteristics of audiences. This article expresses the IRI’s authoritative audience phantasm with regard to audiences: that based on the available analyzed data, IRI’s authorities categorize audiences as passive and impressionable individuals, who have sat in front of "Menbar" and the tribune of oration or speech, they need protection from powerful media contents. The article, presents “Deep-Content Analysis”, a mixed research method, as its research method. It consecutively offers main results within a qualitative and quantitative analytical framework of the statements drown out of the IRI’s authoritative viewpoints. Note: "Audience phantasm" is a phenomenon have seen in the Islamic countries, like Iran, and because of it the authorities and governors seeing the audiences like who have sat in front of "Menbar" (the medium that uses in the Moslem mosques and Islamic ceremonies) and the tribune of oration or speech.

[Amir Abdolreza Sepanji. “Audience Phantasm” for Media from Viewpoints of Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) Authorities’. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):359-370] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.55

Keywords: audience phantasm, uses and gratifications theory, audience, user, Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), qualitative analysis, deep-content analysis.

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A comparative study between student’s IQ and Attributional Styles of parents

Mohammad Ehsan Taghizadeh¹, Sarah Vafaee², Effat Davari Nezhad³, Nima Ganji⁴, Alireza Bagheri⁵, Davood Shayan⁶

^1. Ph.D.Assistant professor of psychology, payam _e_ noor university, Tehran, Iran

^{2, 3} MA of psychology, payam _e_ noor university, Tehran, Iran

^4. MA of cognitive psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran

^5. MA of psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

^6. Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Introduction: The presence of mental retarded children in the family can cause problems and more stress. This tension is concerning to attributional styles of parents and how they justify their life issues. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to study the relationship between student’s IQ and Attributional styles of parents. Methods: The research population consisted of the parents of normal, gifted and mental retarded students who were enrolled in middle school in year of 2010- 2011. 90 cases (30 per group) were selected by casual - comparison method. The type of this study was practical for which, the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was used as the research tool filled out by samples. To analyze the index the descriptive statistics (frequency,mean,standard deviation ) and to confirm the hypothesis the multivariate analysis of variance test were employed. Result: There is a significant relationship between IQ students (gifted, normal and retarded) and attributional styles of parents. Conclution: The student’s IQ has to do with attributional styles of parents. The higher student’s IQ,the higher marginally mean scores of parents in the pleasant styles. Moreover, the marginally mean scores of retardation student’s parents is higher in the unpleasant styles. The results of this study, thus,is effective to understand the problems , view these issues from the perspective of parents and present the appropriate strategies for intervention.

[M. E. Taghizadeh, S. Vafaee, E. Davari Nezhad, N. Ganji, A. Bagheri, D. Shayan. A comparative study between student’s IQ and Attributional Styles of parents. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):371-379] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.56

Keywords: Attributional Style, Mental Retarded student, Gifted student, Normal student.

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An Intelligent System For Diabet Diagnosis Based on Combined Intelligent Algorithm and Risk Factors in Patients

Mohammad Fiuzy ^*,a,b , Javad Haddadnia ^{a, b}, Nasrin Mollania^c, Maryam Hashemian ^b, Kazem Hassan pour^d

^a. Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Electrical and Computer, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

^b. Research Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

^c. Departments of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

^d.Department. of Clinical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

*Sabzevar, KHorasan Razavi, Iran, Postal Code : 65418-13187

Abstract: Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond properly to insulin which is needed to regulate glucose. Besides contributing to heart disease, diabetes also increases the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, and blood vessel damage. Diabetes disease diagnosis via proper interpretation of the diabetes data is an important (classification) problem. Diabet Diagnosis is a very problematic issue in medical diagnosis. Nowadays, many relatively complex clinical trials are carried out. Early diagnoses of diabetes dramatically reduce injuries and damage caused by the infection in community. In this study, a method for proper diagnosis based on the optimal features of the Risk Factors in patients is introduced. By Using a combined artificial intelligence methods, including search algorithms (BGA¹) to explore or search and select the best features, Data mining methods (FCM²) got to classify and categorize data (patient characteristics led to the diagnosis of non-patient) Neural Network (NN³) for modeling or detection and identification of structural parameters of the disease, diabetic patient has been detected. Then, for better Comparison and show the Performance of the Proposed System, Patients tested based on Eight Factors of World Health Organization (WHO⁴) to Diabet Diagnosis by the same Intelligent System. The proposed system by using a combination of these methods was successful to achieve 94.031 % precision for diabetic patient identification. Accurate detection by combination and interaction of these methods based on the optimal appearance and Risk features, introduced by the proposed algorithm that Compared with the common methods of detection and diagnosis of patients with one side and artificial methods of the authorities on the other hand, its kind and even more accurate than other methods, the result is a smart combination. It's on operation kind has better than even more intelligent system that had been introduced, given in this document.

[M. Fiuzy, J. Haddadnia, N. Mollania, M. Hashemian, K. Hassan pour. An Intelligent System For Diabet Diagnosis Based on Combined Intelligent Algorithm and Risk Factors in Patients. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):380-386] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.57

Keywords: Diabet, Risk Factor, Artificial Intelligent Process.

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Family planning and gender equity in health, a trend of change during a decade in Iran

Samad Rouhani¹, Fatemeh Abdollahi², Shahin Almasi³

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health; Psychiatry& Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Hospital Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

^2. Corresponding author; Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Mazndaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

^3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

abdollahizagh@gmail.com

Abstract: Where many studies have investigated the trend of change in the methods of family planning, but study about the change of couple's participation in the family planning programs is limited. A subject that attempts to be covered in this article. This is an exploratory-explanatory study. Using a self made checklist, the relevant data were extracted from the contents of family folders existing in the health centres of the district under study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and K-squared test. The results of this study revealed that in the beginning of study period contraceptive pills were the most common methods of family planning among the females while in the end of study period there was a shift towards IUD. Also the results of this study have shown that the use of male condom was statistically significantly increased in the end of the decade in contrast to its beginning, but still females undertake the main role in the family planning programs. In addition to the use of more risky methods of family planning methods by females in contrast with methods used by males, females participate in the family planning programs several times more than the males do. The trend of change is towards the increased role of males in the family planning programs that could be an indicator of improvement in gender equity as well as improvement in the quality of family planning programs. More interventions are required to bust this trend.

[Rouhani S, Abdollahi F, Almasi S. Family planning and gender equity in health, a trend of change during a decade in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):387-391] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.58

Keywords: Ahar; family planning; participation; equity; trend of change.

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Information Literacy Standards for Teacher Education

Fahimeh taghizadeh

Department of Information technology, Payam nour university, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The quickly changing information and technology landscape requires increasingly sophisticated information literacy skills for the navigation, evaluation, and use of information (Jenkins, 2006). Teachers play a key role in providing students with diverse opportunities to learn how to use information wisely. Those preparing to become pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade (PK-12) teachers require a comprehensive understanding of information literacy to guide their own knowledge creation activities that will ultimately affect their future students.

[Fahimeh taghizadeh. Information Literacy Standards for Teacher Education. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):392-394] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.59

Keywords: Information- technology- Teacher.

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Rural Tourism Development Strategies Using SWOT analysis: Case study

Rahmani Seryasat M.^a,* , Hajari B.^b, Karimian T.^a and Hajilo M.^b

^a. M. A. Students in Geography and Tourism Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^b. M.A. Students in Geography and Rural Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: ma.rahmani@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: Tourism and tourism economy is nowadays is one of main pillars of world business. Additionally, many policymakers and planners of development indicate tourism industry as principal pillar of sustainable development. With this regard, rural tourism is also accounted for a component for tourism industry which can play an effective role in regional development and as a result, national development and diversification of national economy by appropriate and systematic planning, identification of advantages and limitations of rural tourism. Therefore, many questions arises which potentials and advantages are in rural tourism and strategies in order to develop tourism resulted in rural and national development. For this, the study has dealt with presenting strategies and guidelines to develop tourism within Ghasran District of Shemiranat city, Tehran, Iran, using a survey, field studies and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. Empirical analysis in the study area shows that vulnerability threshold for rural areas can be extremely high due to openness to tourists and requires review and present appropriate policies in order to remove the limitations and to apply relative advantages.

[M. Rahmani, B. Hajari, T. Karimian, M. Hajilo. Rural Tourism Development Strategies Using SWOT analysis: Case study. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):395-403] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.60

Keywords: Tourism, Rural tourism, Strategies, Rural development, SWOT analysis.

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Retail Resilience Strategies and Addressing the Urban Retail Areas: Empirical Evidence from Bandar-e Emam, Khuzestan, Iran

Masoud Jafari¹, Asra Hosseini² and Nahid Nematikutenaee³

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Rudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran, mjafari@riau.ac.ir

PhD Candidate in Urban and Regional Planning, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Master's in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT: Spatial concentration of retailing activities is one of the most apparent sorts of contemporary trading and its dynamic development brought by second half of the nineties. Growth of such places have shown a number of challenging parts in urban areas, to deal with some of these issues, an empirical analysis of the management and transformation of retail areas in the region of Bandar-e Emam, Iran has conducted in terms of retail resilience theory. The main aim is to clear up the significance of resilient retail strategies and to offer recommendations through which better achievement in Bandar-e Emam’s municipalities can be approachable. The studies conducted in 2011-2012 and a few longer interviews with key actors have been piloted along with other data resources. Results shows in Sadoughi mall, customers mostly arrive by car (85%, tend to visit the center once a week), and where each stay on average lasts for only 1–2 hour. They come regularly every week; the typical customer uses this shopping center as a convenient place to buy ordinary consumer products and groceries, and not as an area for gatherings and events. Finally, a perspective of resilience strategy to better acknowledgement of retail areas in terms of urban and regional planning has been argued.

[Masoud Jafari, Asra Hosseini and Nahid Nematikutenaee. Retail Resilience Strategies and Addressing the Urban Retail Areas: Empirical Evidence from Bandar-e Emam, Khuzestan, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):404-408]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.61

KEYWORDS: Retail Resilience, Urban Retail, Resilience Strategy, Bandar-e Emam.

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Farr in Fereydoun’s Kingdom

Ali (Safarali) Rabbani

student of PHD in Literature and the Dean of Bandartorkaman Payamenur University

Bandartorkaman Payamenur University, opposite Imam Reza Gym, Pasdaran Boulevard, Bandartorkaman City, Golestan Province, Iran

Mobile: 09111756184, Office: 01734234609

Abstract: Farr or Farrah is a concept in Iranian myths. Farr is an endowment or a devine magnifiecence which one can achieve by reaching perfection. The member of each social class can have his/ her own Farr. In Iranian myth, these collocations have been used more than others: devine Farrah, kingly Farrah, Iranian Farrah, Kiani Farrah, moubadi Farrah , and athletic Farrah. King’s legitimacy and acceptability were dependent on their magnificence. A legitimate king was a king who had kingly Farrah or devine Farrah. Farr which can be missed through pride and hypocrisy, etc only belongs to pure individuals or Iranians. There are some examples in Iranian myths that the king has missed his legitimacy and magnificence for pride and big mistakes.

[Ali (Safarali) Rabbani. Farr in Fereydoun’s Kingdom. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):409-413]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.62

Key words: Farr, Fereydoun’s Farr, legitimacy, Avesta, Shah/ King

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Introduction of a Chaotic Dough Mixer, Part B: Chaotic Behavior and Mixing Performance

Seyed Mostafa Hosseinalipour, Amir Tohidi^*, and Mahnaz Shokrpour

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Tohidi@iust.ac.ir

Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate the role of chaotic advection in the mixing performance of the proposed novel mixer in the recent study of Hosseinalipour et.al. (2013). The computed flow domain calculated is used to find material point trajectories needed to calculate mixing measures in the novel dough mixer based on chaos theory. Two characteristics of a Lagrangian chaotic system (strong stretching and folding of material elements and sensitivity to initial conditions) horseshoe maps and also Poincare sections were visualized. Lyapunov exponents which quantify the exponential divergence of initially close state-space trajectories and estimate the amount of chaos presence in a system were also calculated. The results indicated that the flow filed was a combination of coexistence of both the chaotic and non-chaotic zones, with high and poor mixing performance respectively.

[Seyed Mostafa Hosseinalipour, Amir Tohidi, and Mahnaz Shokrpour. Introduction of a Chaotic Dough Mixer, Part B: Chaotic Behavior and Mixing Performance. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):414-422] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.63

Keywords: Dough, chaotic advection, mixing performance, stretching, Lyapunov exponent.

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Clinical Evaluation the efficacy of Tri-Reo vaccine in broiler breeders by ELISA method

Sina Sedghi¹, Adel Feizi^2*, Saied Mokhtari¹

1. Students of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

* Corresponding Author: adel_feizi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Reoviruses are ubiquitous in chickens and turkeys; some strains become viremic and localize in the large joints, resulting in arthritis, tendinitis, and synovitis. Avian Reovirus Vaccine is a Killed Virus for the subcutaneous or intramuscular revaccination of healthy chickens 10 weeks of age as an aid in the prevention of signs and lesions associated with avian reovirus infections which cause malabsorption syndrome. The aim of present study was to clinical evaluation the efficacy of Tri-Reo vaccine in broiler breeders by ELISA method. In this study which carried out during the 2012, we worked on the poultries of 2 farms with 6 halls in each, in that, salon No. 6 considered as control group. Others were considered as experimental group with different titrs of vaccine. In these farms, the first Tri-Reo vaccination applied on week 7 and the second time was on week 19. In fact, the Tri-Reo vaccine was administrated two times during the study. At the end, blood samples were obtained from chickens for laboratory procedures. The data showed that the titr obtained on day 1 was lesser than titr obtained after second vaccination in both farms (p<0.05). In conclusion, it shows the necessity of further investigations in other parts of our country as well as other flocks such as layers, layer breeders and broilers. The investigations should consider different aspects of the disease to identify risk factors which may be responsible for pathogenicity of the virus.

[Sina Sedghi, Adel Feizi, Saied Mokhtari. Clinical Evaluation the efficacy of Tri-Reo vaccine in broiler breeders by ELISA method. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):423-426] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.64

Keywords: Tri-Reo, Reovirus, vaccine, broiler breeder, ELISA.

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Evaluation of Icterus Causes in Hospitalized Patients with Jaundice in Infectious Word of Sina Hospital of Tabriz

Roshanak Bayatmakoo¹, Zhinous Bayatmakoo², Aref Modars¹, Mehdi Gharehkhani³, Arash Khaki^4¬

1-Department Of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine ,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2-Research center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3-Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4-Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Correspondence Author’s email: Arashkhaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Icterus can be the result of wide spectrum of causes, ranging from benign and self-limited conditions to life threatening ones. Some of these causes are curable with early diagnosis and early treatment and some, such as viral hepatitis can be controlled to some degree with supportive treatments, and in these patients it is important to consider preventive treatments in order to stop transmission. In a cross sectional – descriptive, study 105 cases of inpatients with icterus have been studied. Data have been collected by using patients file and results have been inserted in a question aired and data have been analyzed by using spss, chi-square statistical software. 16 final diagnosis generally have been suggested in this research which are respectively: acute hepatitis B 20.9 %, Chronic hepatitis B 13.3 %, Cirrhosis 13.3 %, Intra hepatic cholestasis 12.38 %, Drug induced hepatitis 8.6 %, Infectious mono nucleuses, CMV 7.6 %, post hepatic cholestasis hepatitis 5.71%, autoimmune hepatitis 4.8 %, hepatitis C 3.6 %, Hepatocellular carcinoma 3.6 %, unknown causes of hepatitis 1.9% and Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, hepatic hemangioma, hepatitis A and alcoholic hepatitis in 0.9% were found. By determining the prevalence of the causes of icter and using some clinical evidence and laboratory tests, we can diagnose the main cause of it and use suitable medical treatment to decrease the mortality and morbidity of the disease.

[Roshanak Bayatmakoo, Zhinous Bayatmakoo, Aref Modars, Mehdi Gharehkhani, Arash Khaki. Evaluation of Icterus Causes in Hospitalized Patients with Jaundice in Infectious Word of Sina Hospital of Tabriz. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):427-431] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.65

Key words: Icterus, Jaundice, Viral hepatitis.

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Liquid based endometrial cytology in diagnosis of high-grade endometrial carcinoma with emphasis in recent advances and tissue correlation

Dastranj Tabrizi Ali¹, Vahedi Amir¹, Esmaiely Heidar Ali¹, Sayyah Melli Maniegheh¹, Jafari shobeiri Mehri¹, Mostafa Gharabaghi Parvin¹, Ouladehsahebmadarek Elahe¹, Ghojazadeh Mortaza¹, Khaki Arash^2¬

1- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Correspondence Author: arashkhaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Invasive endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract and from clinico-pathologic standpoint endometrial serous carcinoma as a prototype of type II endometrial carcinomas, has poor prognosis and 46% of these tumors are going to be diagnose in metastatic and high stages. The aims of this research is comparison of endometrial cytological findings in high grade endometrial carcinoma with tumor histology and achieve accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this method in diagnosis of high grade endometrial tumors. Methods: Seventy patients, who had been candidate for hysterectomy, underwent for endometrial brush cytology before surgery. The prepared liquid based cytology smears examined by gynecological pathologist and the cytologic findings compared with histologic results and stages in a blind fashion. Results: All 12 cases of high- grade malignant lesions diagnosed by permanent histologic sections were diagnosed by cytological smears except one. There was complete correlation between cytologic and histologic findings regarding to tumor type and nuclear grades. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of endometrial brush cytology were calculated as 98%, 91%, 100%, 100% and 98% respectively. Conclusion: Endometrial cytology is a simple and feasible method for diagnosing of endometrial malignant lesions and if this high sensitivity and specificity be achieved in diagnosis of endometrial premalignant lesions such as endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) and endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD) in large studies, it may be useful in early diagnosis and screening of endometrial lesions.

[Dastranj Tabrizi Ali, Vahedi Amir, Esmaiely Heidar Ali, Sayyah Melli Maniegheh, Jafari shobeiri Mehri, Mostafa Gharabaghi Parvin, Ouladehsahebmadarek Elahe, Ghojazadeh Mortaza, Khaki Arash. Liquid based endometrial cytology in diagnosis of high-grade endometrial carcinoma with emphasis in recent advances and tissue correlation. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):432-435] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.66

Keywords: Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Endometrial Cytology.

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Method Effects on Reading Comprehension Test Performance: Text Structure

Hajar Ghafarpour*¹, Dr. Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani² and Azam Mahmoodi³

Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan branch, Esfahan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Hajar Ghafarpour, E-mail: ghaffarpourh@yahoo.com

If tests are to provide accurate measures of the learners’ language ability, examiners must minimize the influence of intervening factors. According to Bachman and Palmer (2000), one of these intervening factors is text structure. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of text structure on reading comprehension and also to investigate whether the influence of text structure differences differs for texts with different difficulty levels and learners with different proficiency levels. Tow texts, in cloze form, with two different text structures (descriptive and problem-solution) were given to 30 participants of two proficiency levels. The result indicated that text structure had a significant effect on the scores obtained, with the scores on descriptive texts being higher. The effect of different text structures was not significantly different for different proficiency levels. By paying more attention to these factors, examiners can enhance the validity of their tests.

[Hajar Ghafarpour, Dr. Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani and Azam Mahmoodi. Method Effects on Reading Comprehension Test Performance: Text Structure. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):436-441]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.67

Key words: text structure, test method facets, reading comprehension

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Evaluating the strategies related to identifying target market in the victory of electoral campaigns of organizations and political parties in Iran

¹Mehrdad Alipour, ^2*Seyed Mahdi Moniri, ³Seyed Vahid Ataei, ³Behzad belghadr

1 Management Department, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Young Researcher Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

3Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding other: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research is performed with an interdisciplinary approach in two different areas of marketing and politics. In this regard we extract the independent variables, which include undifferentiated, concentrated, differentiated, and customized strategies from the strategies of identifying target market; and independent variable is the victory of electoral campaigns in organizations and political parties, which is extracted completely from politics. Research is in surveying-descriptive and detection methods and is of applied type by goal in which we use questionnaire and concurrent interview. Statistical population include some political experts (n= 69) in Iran, which were selected by improbable, judicative sampling method. Moreover, we use linear regression, Pierson’s correlation test and t-test for analyzing information. Research findings indicate that people (addressees and voters) mainly focused on differentiated and customized strategies through which political parties and organizations can assure more their success in the elective campaigns.

[Mehrdad Alipour, Seyed Mahdi Moniri, Seyed Vahid Ataei, Behzad belghadr. Evaluating the strategies related to identifying target market in the victory of electoral campaigns of organizations and political parties in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):442-451]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.68

Key words: political marketing, electoral campaigns, organizations, political parties

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The relationship between happiness, meta cognitive skills (self- regulation, problem- solving) and academic achievement of students in Tehran

Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi a*, Mehravar Momeni Javid b, Raziyeh Keramati _c, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand _d

a, Department of Counseling, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

 b, Department of Counseling, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

c, Department of Counseling , Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

d, Department of Counseling , Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding Author: Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi

E-mail address: M_shkazemi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between happiness, meta cognitive Skills and academic achievement of students at state universities in Tehran. Sample was 100 students both of gender. Sampling was available. Method of research was descriptive correlation. Tools of research were 1-Oxsford happiness scale consists of 29 statements in which five domains of life satisfaction, positive effect, health, and self-efficacy and Self-esteem can be evaluated, its reliability was .93. 2- Meta cognitive Skills Test which only one of its sub-scales related to self-regulation skills was chosen, its reliability was calculated as. 95. 3- Eysenc logical Test, which only one of its sub-scales related to problem-solving was chosen and through retest its reliability was estimated at .98. 4- To evaluate the academic progress of students, the students’ average score was used as an evaluation criterion. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and Regression tests were used for data analysis. Data indicated significantly positive relation between 3 variable (p≤0.05) in which happiness could predict academic achievement & problem- solving, self- regulation of Students and moreover, keep them away from depression and other mental and physical disorders

[Mehrangiz SHoaakazemi, Mehravar Momeni Javid, Raziyeh Keramati_, Fariba Ebrahimi Tazekand. The relationship between happiness, meta cognitive skills (self- regulation, problem- solving) and academic achievement of students in Tehran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):452-457]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.69

Keywords: Happiness- Meta cognitive skills (self- regulation, problem- solving) - Academic achievement of students.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Banking and Commerce

Ali Abbasi Aabkhare¹, ²Babak Mahbob Mahmoud Aliloo , Esa Abedini³

¹Department of Law Payam Noor Universtiy, I.R. of IRAN

² General Attorney Ass istant of Tabriz Omomi and Enghelab Court and University Lecturer

³University Lecturer of Farhangian in East Azerbaijan, zone

Abstract: One of the necessary tools to implement and develop electronic commerce is e-banking systems, which along with international financial and monetary systems, facilitate the operations and activities related to e-commerce. In fact, it can be said that the implementation of e-commerce is based on e-banking. That is why implementation of electronic systems in monetary institutions all over the world has been increasing. That is, the number of e- banking system is daily increasing. One of the necessities in electronic commerce is to have safe e-banking, clear and obvious laws. Here, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of e-banking laws in Iran.

[Ali Abbasi Aabkhare, Babak Mahbob Mahmoud Aliloo , Esa Abedini. Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Banking and Commerce. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):458-462] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.70

Keywords: Commercial law, law of electronic commerce, e-commerce, e-banking

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Parental Attitudes and the Conflicts inside Families (Value from the social aspect)

Hossein Rahimirad

Post Graduate Student of Social Psychology Department,

Azarbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law

And Lecturer of Farhangian University in East Azerbaijan, Iran

Rahimirad.87@gmail.com

Abstract: There are some relations between parents in the family. All these relations belong, almost to every family. These relations are about some social-economic problems and are sourced from the public society. For example from these problems in the family, we can say depression, family inside failure, divorce and etc. In this article, the author tried to comment and solve partly all these problems in social aspect. In summary, parents are involved from the very first days of their child’s life in shaping and socializing their child’s emotional style. Emotional socialization by family members helps children learn to recognize and label their own and other people’s emotions, influences both physiological and behavioral capacities for emotional regulation, and provides children with models and strategies for assisting other people in emotionally-charged situations. Although the refinement of these skills is doubtless a life-long process, individual differences in the basic style of emotional reactivity and emotion-related social behavior are clearly identifiable by the end of the preschool period. [Hossein Rahimirad. Parental Attitudes and the Conflicts inside Families (Value from the social aspect). Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):463-467] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.71

Keywords: Parental, Attitude, Conflicts, Families.

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Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Factors in Governmental and Semi-Governmental Organizations’ Electronic Readiness for Accepting and Utilizing Teleworking by Fuzzy AHP Technique in Tabriz City-Iran

Shokrzadeh Morteza¹, Ranjbar Hamidreza², Shokrzadeh Mojtaba³

¹Faculty Member of Higher Education Non-govermental Azarabadegan University of Urmia, Iran

²MA of Public Administrator, University of Tehran, Qom Campus, Iran

³MA student of Industrial Management of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran

Corresponding author: Morteza.Shokrzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nowadays, moving toward globalization, removing physical borders and living in global village have made societies to accept information technology as an unseperable part of their lives. Teleworking is an important innovation embeded in the context of information technology, and internet. But, before any widespread use of every new technology , necessary basis should be provided for it to be welcomed by the users. Or else, obligation in its exertion will lead the society to the blind usagae of them. This paper first investigated the effective factors inelectronic readiness of governmental and semi-governmental organizations of Tabriz city; Then, effective factors in accepting information technologies and teleworking were recognized using research theories and exploratory factor analysis and KMO test. To identify different aspects of electronic readiness of the organizations considering their types and dimensions, 34 factors were regarded from which 7 factors were extracted expressing 66.74% of total changes. To identify different aspects of information technology and teleworking, 19 variables were used from which 7 variables were extracted , eliminating 2 questions (11 and 19) from the questionnaire, expressing 75.27% of total changes. Using One-SampleT-Test, effectiveness of each variable on electronic readiness of organizations was tested through research hypotheses. Exerting Fuzzy AHP (Chang method), factors were ranked. The results showed that electronic readiness variables have higher priority than technology acceptance variables.[Shokrzadeh Morteza, Ranjbar Hamidreza, Shokrzadeh Mojtaba. Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Factors in Governmental and Semi-Governmental Organizations’ Electronic Readiness for Accepting and Utilizing Teleworking by Fuzzy AHP Technique in Tabriz City-Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):468-477](ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.72

Keywords: Teleworking, E-readiness, Technology Acceptance, Information Commiunication Technology, Fuzzy AHP.

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Information Society, Virtual Communities, Globalization

Mohammad Tagi Amini

Associate Professor of Department of Management, Economics and Accounting ,Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN. P.O. Box19395-3697Tehran, IRAN.

Abstract: Information society is kind of society which is economically and culturally integrated with Information and Communication Technology. In this society, availability to information has prominent economical, social and individual role. Information and Communication Technology is considered as the most important factor in developing the Information society. Governments try to lead the countries towards this area. Free information stream, human right, globalization, Information and Communication Technology and media are the bases and necessities of Information Society. In this paper, at first we focus on Information Society and its characteristics. Then, we criticize Information Society and describe the differences between Information society and Mass society. After criticizing the globalization and Information Society, we can recognize the limitations and advantages of Information Society.

[Mohammad Tagi Amini. Information Society, Virtual Communities, Globalization. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):478-481] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.73

Keywords: Information Society, Virtual Communities, Globalization.

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A Fuzzy Approach For Piece Selection In Bit Torrent Like Peer To Peer Network

* M. Padmavathi, ** R. M. Suresh

* Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, RMD Engineering College, PO box 601 206, Kavaraipettai, Chennai; E-mail: padmavathim2000@gmail.com

** Principal, Jerusalem College of Engineering, PO box 600 100, Velachery Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai

Abstract: There is no clear distinction between client and server nodes in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Network nodes (or peers) requiring resources also contribute resources to the network. Such an arrangement ensures that more resources like CPU, storage, and bandwidth are available for other peers when more nodes enter the network. BitTorrent is a popular and scalable peer-to-peer file distribution mechanism successful in distributing large files expeditiously and efficiently without creating problems for the origin server. Measurement studies revealed that BitTorrent achieved excellent upload utilization, but also led several questions regarding utilization in settings other than those measured, fairness, and choice of BitTorrent’s mechanisms. This paper proposes a novel technique for block selection based on fuzzy logic. The proposed technique uses the best features of Random piece selection and Bandwidth based piece selection ensure fairness. The proposed technique is evaluated based on the link utilization through various scenarios.

[M. Padmavathi, R. M. Suresh. A Fuzzy Approach For Piece Selection In Bit Torrent Like Peer To Peer Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):482-489] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.74

Keywords: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, BitTorrent, Download time, Performance.

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Trust Based Routing to Mitigate Black Hole Attack in MANET

S. P. Manikandan, R. Manimegalai

Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Park College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Park College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

E-mail: mkandan_2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel trust based routing mechanism to mitigate black hole attack in Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs). The proposed model is based on Trust Correlation Service (TCS) mechanism. This aggregates and distributes the trust among nodes that are participating in the wireless network. The trust for a node and the correlation score for various pairs of nodes is computed before establishing the route for communication between the source and destination. The Trust for a node is computed based on various factors such as node reputation, its ability to defend against various attacks and unauthorized resource utilization. A correlation score for a pair of nodes is computed based on their internal trust, required level of trust, number of packet sent and delivered to the destination. It is computed for every pair of intermediate nodes along the path from source to destination. In this paper, the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol is modified to find a trusted route rather than the shortest route between source and destination. The proposed trust based model yields reduced data drop rate and end-to-end delay. The simulation results achieved are promising with improved throughput.

[S. P. Manikandan, R. Manimegalai. Trust Based Routing to Mitigate Black Hole Attack in MANET. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):490-498] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.75

Keywords: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), MANET Security, Trust and Reputation.

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A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm For Routing In Wireless Multihop Network

V. Ponniyin Selvan, S. Senthil Kumar

Department of ECE, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India

Department of EEE, Govt College Engineering, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

E-mail: selvanponniyin.2000@gmail.com

Abstract: Major swarm intelligence research focused on reverse engineering and collective behavior’s adaptation observed in natural systems aimed at effective algorithm design for distributed optimization. Such algorithms inspired by natural systems reveal desirable properties like adaptability, scalability and robustness which are key properties in network routing, specifically wireless network routing. This paper aims to study use of biologically inspired agents for effective packet routing in wireless networks. An issue with shortest path routing like AODV is the impossibility of efficient routing as only a lone constraint is considered because other constraints are interrelated in wireless networks making routing is a multi-constraint problem. This paper proposes a hybrid optimization, using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), for AODV routing to ensure routing decisions are based on many constraints like Link quality and hop count and also to provide an efficient routing system for wireless networks.

 [V. Ponniyin Selvan, S. Senthil Kumar. A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm For Routing In Wireless Multihop Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):499-504] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.76

Keywords: Wireless Network, AODV Routing protocol, Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC).

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A Fuzzy Energy Management Approach for Multimedia Traffic in WSN

*Sakthidharan G R and Dr.S.Chitra

*Research Scholar, CSE, Anna university of Technology, Coimbatore, India

sakthidharangr@gmail.com

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an innovative ad-hoc network with distributed sensing and processing capacities made up of collection of sensor nodes. The sensors transmit information to the sink. The routing protocols for WSN are based mostly on efficiency of energy and some deal with real-time requirements. In this paper, a fuzzy logic system is incorporated to improve the quality of the service of the network. The number of packets transmitted successfully, energy and number of hops from sink are taken into consideration by the fuzzy logic system to improve the throughput of the network. The proposed protocol is compared with AODV to evaluate its efficiency.

[Sakthidharan G R and Dr.S.Chitra. A Fuzzy Energy Management Approach for Multimedia Traffic in WSN. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):505-510] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.77

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Cluster based routing, Quality of Service (QoS), Fuzzy Logic system.

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Swarm Optimized Multicasting For Wireless Network

C. Rajan, Dr. N. Shanthi

Assistant Professor, Information Technology, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India

Professor, Information Technology, KSR College of Technology,Tiruchengode, India

E-mail: csg.rajan12@gmail.com

Abstract: Multicast routing in wireless networking is the latest technology for network groups. Multicast routing is part of point-to-point/multipoint-to-multipoint communications. Multicast routing ensures efficient, reliable and secure for wireless networks than unicast routing due to protocols and techniques speed which are combined on multicast routing for wireless technology. Due to redundancy lack in multipath/multicast structures, multicast routing protocols are vulnerable to the ad hoc networks component failure. Some techniques to overcome this are optimizing routing which increases packet delivery minimizing overhead. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a network optimizing tool. This paper proposes new PSO based Multicast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (MAODV) Protocol for MANETs to improve link break prediction accuracy and congestion occurrence. The proposed technique improves routing packages packet delivery ratio. PSO based MAODV allows each network node to forward multicast data packets which are broadcast when propagated along a multicast group tree.

[C. Rajan, N. Shanthi. Swarm Optimized Multicasting For Wireless Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):511-516] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.78

Keywords: Wireless Networks, Multicasting, Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (MAODV), Particle swarm optimization (PSO).

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Anonymous Trust Routing for Ad hoc Networks – A Meta Heuristic Approach

¹KALPANA.R And ²RENGARAJAN, N.

¹Department of CSE, King College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

²Principal, K S R college of Engineering, Tiruchengode, India

kalpana1556@gmail.com

Abstract:In this paper a mechanism to address anonymous routing with trust to improve overall ad hoc network security and performance is proposed. Ad hoc networks are vulnerable to denial of services, wormhole attacks and spoofing. End-to-end data security in a network is generally provided by encryption and authentication which increases the overheads, but node’s topology information can be acquired through studying traffic/routing data. Improving the ad hoc network security and its performance using anonymity mechanisms and trust levels is investigated in this paper. Anonymous networks hide identification information such as traffic flow, network topology, paths from malicious attackers. Trust is a prerequisite as selfish/ malicious nodes are a security hazard, decreasing Quality of Service (QoS). Routing based on security mechanisms is proven to be a NP Hard problem. To overcome this, it is proposed to use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for faster convergence of the proposed solution. Results show that overall network security improves when the trust factor is taken into account with definite improvement in the QoS.

[KALPANA.R,RENGARAJAN, N. Anonymous Trust Routing for Ad hoc Networks – A Meta Heuristic Approach. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):517-525] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.79

Keywords: Ad hoc network, Anonymous Networks, Trust and Reputation, Security, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO).

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A Particle Swarm Optimizied Olsr For Priority Based Multimedia Traffic Shaping

* S. Meenakshi Sundaram, ** Dr. S. Palani

* Department of C.S.E., M.A.M. School of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, India, smsundaram.mam@gmail.com

** Department of E.C.E., Sudharsan Engineering, College, Pudukkottai, India

ABSTRACT: Routing protocols are essential for delivery of data packets from source to destination in Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). Optimized Link State Protocol (OLSR) is a table driven proactive routing protocol, with readily available topology information and routes. The efficiency of the OLSR depends on its Multipoint relay (MPR) selection. Various studies have been conducted to reduce the control traffic overheads by adapting the existing OLSR routing protocol. Routing performance is improved by traffic shaping based on priority of the data packet. In this paper, it is proposed to modify OLSR using swarm intelligence, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to reduce end to end delay and improve throughput in the network. Simulation was carried out for multimedia traffic, and video streamed traffic in the network.

[S. Meenakshi Sundaram, S. Palani. A Particle Swarm Optimizied Olsr For Priority Based Multimedia Traffic Shaping. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):526-530] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.80

Index Terms—Ad hoc Network, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Multimedia traffic.

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Image Compression and Retrieval Techniques for Multi-Application Smart Card

¹L.M. PALANIVELU and ²Dr. P. VIJAYA KUMAR, M.E. PhD

¹ Associate Professor - CSE department, Velalar College of Engineering & Technology, Erode, India

E-mail: vcet.lmp@gmail.com

² Department of EEE, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India

Abstract: Smart cards future is based on its ability to contain data in its memory and perform operations like comparing data with external databases, computing of digital signatures from other data and including multiple applications. Smart cards should be able to store images like photos, biometric and medical images required for varied applications. Thus, images in the smart card are compressed. This study focuses on the image retrieval problem using compressed images and the impact of compression in the classification accuracy. In this paper, we investigate lossy compression techniques required for various images in multi-application smart card framework and classification accuracy for retrieving compressed image. The images are decomposed using Symlet wavelets. In this work, we propose to compress images including photo of the smart card holder, biometric information and medical images using Embedded Zero trees of Wavelets (EZW) algorithm. Features from the image are extracted using Gabor filters. The classification accuracy for retrieval of uncompressed images and various compressed images is evaluated using Naïve Bayes.

[L.M. PALANIVELU and P. VIJAYA KUMAR. Image Compression and Retrieval Techniques for Multi-Application Smart Card. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):531-541] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.81

Keywords: Smart Card, Image Compression, Symlet Wavelet, Gabor filters, Embedded Zero trees of Wavelets (EZW).

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A Medical Image Retrieval Framework using Genetically Optimized Elman Neural Network

¹T. Baranidharan and ²D. K. Ghosh

Department of EIE, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode- 637 215, India

E-mail: baraniinst2012@gmail.com

Department of Mathematics, V.S.B Engineering College, Karur, Tamilnadu state, INDIA

Abstract: In this paper, a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) framework for medical images has been presented. An algorithm based on energy information obtained from Hilbert Transform for extracting features from medical images based on imaging modalities. The features are selected on the basis of the correlation among the extracted vectors depending upon the class label. An enhanced Genetic Algorithm Optimized based Elman (GAOE) Neural Network for image retrieval is presented. The performance of proposed method has been evaluated using a dataset consisting of 180 medical images. The experimental results demonstrated that the efficiency of the GAOE neural network is high compared to methods using low-level features.

[T. Baranidharan and D. K. Ghosh. A Medical Image Retrieval Framework using Genetically Optimized Elman Neural Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):542-548] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.82

Keywords: Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), Medical images, Multilayer Perceptron, Neural Network, Genetic Optimization.

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Mobility Prediction using Hidden Genetic Layer Based Neural Network

¹VELMURUGAN, L AND ²THANGARAJ, P.

¹AP / MCA, EBET Group of Institutions, Kangayam, 638108, India

²Dept. of CSE, Bannariamman Institute of Technology, Sathy, Tamilnadu,India,

l.velmurugan9@gmail.com

.Abstract: WLAN infrastructure planning for maintaining service quality gains importance due to numerous wireless devices getting connected to the internet. To maintain desired service quality users movement pattern should be known. Mobility prediction involves locating mobile device's next access point when it moves through a wireless network. Hidden Markov models and Bayesian approach were suggested to predict next hop This study proposes a new method for feature extraction and suggests a hidden Genetic Algorithm layer-GA-SOFM based new neural network classifier. The hypothesis is evaluated through the use of a month long syslog data of Dartmouth college mobility traces available online. This extracts mobility features and uses them to find the proposed model’s classification accuracy.

[VELMURUGAN, L, THANGARAJ, P. Mobility Prediction using Hidden Genetic Layer Based Neural Network. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):549-553] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.83

Keywords: Mobility prediction, Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, Data Mining, Wireless Infrastructure, Quality Of Service, Location Based Services, User Mobility Pattern (UMP).

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Association Rules for Wireless Sensor Data Based On Fuzzy - Genetic Algorithm

ABIRAMI, T and THANGARAJ, P.

Department of Computer Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, India.

²Dept. of CSE, Bannariamman Institute of Technology, Sathy, Tamilnadu, India,

ananthabirami9@gmail.com

Abstract: As wireless sensor networks (WSN) generate a huge amount of data for varied applications, it is important to locate essential knowledge from it. WSN data is generally generated in streams before being forwarded to a sink. WSN performance in adversely affected as raw data leads to higher communication overhead. Frequent patterns are located through association mining. Hence, WSN network data have association mining applied to it only regular raw data patterns are forwarded to the sink which in turn lowers communication overhead. This paper proposes WSN data mining using association rule to extricate patterns. A Fuzzy based genetic algorithm along with the rule is used for efficient extraction.

[ABIRAMI, T,THANGARAJ, P. Association Rules for Wireless Sensor Data Based On Fuzzy - Genetic Algorithm. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):554-558] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.84

Key words: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Association rules, Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Logic.

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Optimizing Grid Scheduling with Particle Swarm Optimization

T. R. Srinivasan, R. Shanmugalakshmi,

Professor, Department of IT,

Vidyaa Vikas College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, India.

Associate Professor, Department of CSE & IT,

Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

E-mail: trssrinivasan838@gmail.com

Abstract:Grid computing is a computing framework to run different grid enabled applications. This paper proposes a neural network to capture user requirements automatically and to use it for resource selection. It also introduces a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based approach to schedule computational grid jobs. Representations of position and particle velocity in conventional PSO are extended to real vectors. The proposed approach plans to dynamically generate an optimal schedule to finish jobs within a specific minimum time duration. It also uses resources efficiently.

[T. R. Srinivasan, R. Shanmugalakshmi. Optimizing Grid Scheduling with Particle Swarm Optimization. Life Sci J 2013; 10(4s):559-563] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.85

Keywords: Grid, Resource Selection, Grid Scheduling, Neural Network, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

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The Study of the Teachers' Practical and Professional Skills from the Viewpoint of Teachers’ and Learners

Farzaneh Sadat Hoseinian Heidari

Farhangian University, Nasibe Branch, Tehran, Iran

Email: fhh197@gmail.com

Abstract: Education quality is an option that all education systems of the world take it into account. In education quality which includes omitting errors, answering the learners' needs, accessing an effective education, permanent improvement of teaching-learning current and finally meeting international education standards, teacher and his training is the central point of education quality. Logically, teachers have had and have the key role in teachers' education system and training the teachers who are executing this process. Teachers' professional capabilities and skills can be regarded as one of the important and basic fields in this regard by which we will observe an effective education. This paper is presented by referring to the writer's research entitled "The study of the education quality of Iran’s teacher training centers considering pedagogical and sociological factors according to managers', teachers' and students' view of those centers". In this research, teachers' professional and practical skills had a significant difference in accordance with students', managers' and teachers' views. And, 18% of quality variance of Teachers Training Centers has been specified by teachers' professional and practical skill. Finally, educational methods were considered as the most important factor in quality of Teachers Training Centers by managers, students and teachers and educational methods will direct the whole of education process. According to those sensitivities and technological interpretation, trend in education and training area and in consequence, its effective employment in educational modern methods and so practical experience as deputy of education during years motivated the writer to have a look back to the teachers' professional capabilities in Teachers Training Centers and recommend some guidelines.

[Hoseinian Heidari, F.S. The Study of the Teachers' Practical and Professional Skills from the Viewpoint of Teachers’ and Learners. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):564-568] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.86

Keywords: professional skill, teacher, teacher training.

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Expert Evaluator Decision Tree Tool to Support Heuristics Educational Game (HEG) Evaluation

¹Shirindokht Farhady, Amirfarhad Farhadi, ¹Dr. Azizah Jaafar, and ¹Dr. Riza Sulaiman

¹Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Department of Visual Informatics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia

Emails: shirin_d_f@yahoo.com; amirfarhadfarhadi@gmail.com

Abstract: A great potential of educational computer games in learning process has prepared a good opportunity for teachers to apply “playful elements” in learning environments. As a result educational computer games are widely used as tools to entertain, instruct, motivate and develop skills. The effectiveness of a computer game in sense of help players to learn has been matter of game education industry for years. One of the best methods to assess game usability is game heuristics. Heuristics is an evaluation method that was developed and improved tremendously from general interface evaluation to specific evaluation such as computer game application. This study aimed to provide an easy to use, yet valid method to best evaluate usability of a game, it focuses on two techniques based on two types of evaluators; the expert evaluators and real users. A decision tree, which is based on two levels of evaluation, is the outcome of this study with which, game players with the medium understanding of game can benefit from. Here first a collection of game evaluation criteria are collected from literature and then has been verified to be valid and related by experts.

[Farhady Sh, Farhady A.F., Jaafar A, Sulaiman, R. Expert Evaluator Decision Tree Tool to Support Heuristics Educational Game (Heg) Evaluation. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):569-575] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.87

Key word: evaluation, computer game, heuristics, decision tree.

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Failure to Construct a Meaningful Border for Democracy in E. L. Doctorow's: The book of Daniel

Zohreh Ramin¹ , Seyyed Mohammad Marandi²

^1. Assistan Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran¹.

zramin@ut.ac.ir¹

^2.Associate Professor of English Language and Literature,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran²

mmarandi@ut.ac.ir²

Abstract: In his Reporting the Universe, a book of non-fiction, Doctorow, like many other Western writers, represents his orientalist mode of thought as he divides societies into two broad categories: countries, mainly Eastern, which are governed by a religious ruler, whose system of governance is an "absolutist theocracy" and in which the people are fanatic, religious, and backward-minded. According to Doctorow, the absolutist theocracy in such countries have safeguarded their power by suppressing freedom of expression, hence a hindrance to the outburst of multiplicity of voices and actions, regarded as a threat to the state. On the other hand, Western countries, specifically America, which are not governed by absolutist theocracy and have accepted the fact that holy texts have been communally redacted, have, according to this view, blessed their countries with the gift of freedom of expression and multiplicity, hence opening space for emergence of contradictory ideas, never claiming perfection. However, the ironical point in Doctorow is between what he claims in his nonfictional work and what he proves in his novels. His major novels reveal the impossibility of evolution and change, as the outcome of this so called democracy is nothing but degeneration, lack of justice and impracticality of freedom. With regard to Doctorow's stance towards American democracy and focusing on The Book of Daniel, the present paper aims to show the impossibility and impracticality of Doctorow's claims regarding the American democratic system. While Doctorow believes America is governed by a democratic system which can evolve, his novels, which deal with the American past, delineate a bleak and dark picture of this democratic society in which no evolution is observable and history is the continual repetition of human tragedy.

[Zohreh Ramin, Seyyed Mohammad Marandi. Failure to Construct a Meaningful Border for Democracy in E.L. Doctorow, s: The book of Daniel. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):576-581] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.88

Key Words: Doctorow, civil society, theocracy, democracy, evolution.

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The Study of the Relationship between Personal Knowledge Management and Innovation in Organization

¹Sajad Farhadi, ²Shirindokht Farhadi, ¹Prof Peter Woods, ¹Dr. Koo Ah-Choo

¹Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Department Knowledge Management, University: MMU (Multimedia University)

²Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Department of Visual Informatics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia

Email: Farhadis @gmail.com

Abstract: Knowledge is becoming progressively more useful because management is taking into account the value of creativity, which enables the transformation of one form of knowledge to the next. The goal of this paper is trying to find an answer for this question: “Is personal knowledge management related to creativity and innovation inside organization or not?” In the surge of knowledge management, this research has concluded that personal knowledge management helps innovation inside organization. New management philosophies are aware that information is the result of knowledge evolution and that a solid network between intellectual effort and technological innovations is enlarging. The innovative efforts are also the right consequence of the investment in knowledge and knowledge in the development of new knowledge may propel companies into new business in more rewarding markets.

[Farhadi S, Farhadi Sh, Woods P, Ah-Choo, K. The Study of the Relationship between Personal Knowledge Management and Innovation in Organization. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):582-586] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.89

Key Words: Personal Knowledge, Creativity, Organization.

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The Study of the Effect of Organizational Justice on Anti-productive Behavior of the Staff of National Iranian Gas Company

¹Dr. Neda Nafari, ²Mostafa Darbrin, ³Mehdi Rouhi Khalili

¹Associate Professor, North Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²MA in Public Management, Department of Human Resources, North Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³MA in Public Administration, Qom Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The goal of the current paper is to study the effect of organizational justice on anti-productive behavior of the staff of National Iranian Gas Company. For this purpose 140 individuals from the staff employees of the National Iranian Gas Company have been selected with simple random sampling method as well as Cochran’s formula and they have responded to the organizational justice questionnaire of Chester and Arnold (2007) and the anti-productive behavior of the staff questionnaire of Benet and Robinson (1995). For testing the reliability of the questionnaires, the Cronbach’s Alpha test has been used and for testing the validity of the questionnaire, the opinion of the experts and supervisor and consultant faculty has been used. The reliability of the organizational justice questionnaire of Chester and Arnold is obtained (0.79) and (0.85) for the anti-productive behavior of the staff questionnaire of Benet and Robinson. After collecting the data with the use of the questionnaires, the data analysis has been performed in two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In the end; the obtained data have been analyzed with two-variable regression test. The obtained results indicate that procedural, distributive and interactive justice have negative and significant effect on anti-productive behaviors of the staff of National Iranian Gas Company.

[Nafari R, Darbrin M, Rouhi Khalili M. The Study of the Effect of Organizational Justice on Anti-productive Behavior of the Staff of National Iranian Gas Company. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):587-592] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.90

Key words: organizational justice, staff’s anti-productive behaviors, National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC).

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Content Based Image Retrieval by Shape, Color and Relevance Feedback

Mussarat Yasmin, Sajjad Mohsin, Isma Irum, Muhammad Sharif

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

mussaratyasmin@comsats.edu.pk

Abstract: Efficient content based image retrieval has been proposed in this study by combining shape and color features and relevance feedback. In this era of digital communication, images are everywhere and these images consist of shape and color. For true image representation it is necessary to represent the shape correctly semantically. Only in this case accurate matching and retrieval can be performed. In these days navigation through image databases is very common. For correct image search and retrieval, the proposed method has been proved to be efficient and having better performance with the help of experimental results. Proposed method has also been compared with existing state of art methods that clearly shows its outperformance.

[Mussarat Yasmin, Sajjad Mohsin, Isma Irum, Muhammad Sharif. Content Based Image Retrieval by Shape, Color and Relevance Feedback. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):593-598] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.91

Keywords: Color Histogram, Image Matching, Image Search, Probabilistic Weighting, Shape Descriptor

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Emotional Intelligence: An Effective Strategy for Doctor’s Well-being

D. Balaji ¹, Dr. P. Karthikeyan ²

¹ Full Time Ph.D. Research Scholar, Faculty of Management Sciences, Department of Management Studies, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode – 638012, Tamil Nadu, India.

² Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode – 638012, Tamil Nadu, India.

Corresponding Author: balablooms@gmail.com

Abstract: The concept of EI has gained a great deal of popularity within the health care industry. The acknowledgement of the rich and palpable nature as well as the practical and applicable intent of EI has stimulated new conversations about the concept of quality of care. This seems appropriate considering EI recognizes the impact of human relationships and emotions on the delivery of services. Doctors are prone to relationships handling to the maximum, which really have an influence in their personal and also in professional life. Invariably, this has an effect in their unconscious mind, knowingly or unknowingly due to this process of exposure of the above mentioned relationship handling, extensively, for the doctors who does not maintain a regulated management system both within and with others, to personal associates and with professional associations. The concept of EI proposed by Daniel Goleman, is highly recommended by this paper for the wellness of the doctors to excel in their personal and n their professional environment. The doctors largely have association to the family members and to his friends away from his professional environments, and most importantly to himself on the sector of personal relationships. The other on the environments concerning his professional environments with his superiors, his peers and the lower orders executives but the significant one goes for the patients. Thus, EI will be the right phenomena to get deployed for having better personal and professional life of Doctors.

[D. Balaji, P. Karthikeyan. Emotional Intelligence: An Effective Strategy for Doctor’s Well-being. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):599-604] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.92

Keyword: Doctors, Emotional Intelligence, Wellbeing

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Investigating Discharge Duration of Patients and Factors Affecting it in Be’sat Medical Center, Sanandaj in 2011

Nasrin Aliramaei¹, Nahid Kan’ani², Ziba Afrasiabian², Sohila Estifaie², Elham Naseri², Susan Ghasrsaz², Roxana Yaghmaei^3*

¹Lecturer, Member of Scientific Board of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

² RN, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

^3*Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

^*Corresponding Author: ryaghmaee@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hospital as a major provider of health services plays a major role in the health system. One of the major problems that the medical staff has to grapple with is the issue of discharging the patients from the health centers. Regarding the management of the hospital and enhancement of patient care, measuring patients’ waiting times to be discharged from the hospital is an important issue. Patients’ dissatisfaction and their complaint about long duration of discharge are reported. In this regard the present study investigates factors affecting discharge duration and it also tries to promote satisfaction level of clients who have been discharged and that of those who are awaiting admission. Method: This study was descriptive – analytical. The subjects were composed of all patients admitted to Be’sat medical center in Sanandaj whose documents contained their doctor’s discharge order. Simple sampling was applied and the sample size was 200 discharged patients’ documents. After the interviewers were instructed and necessary coordination was made with the hospital management, wards which documented the timing of the documents were asked to provide data on timing in all phases from the patients’ discharge by their doctors through their discharge by the related wards. Collected data were analyzed through Win SPSS software. Variance test and test of compared means were used to figure out the relation between patients’ mean time of discharge and their demographic characteristics. Results: Based on discharge process of 200 patients, the findings of the study were presented in 30 tables. Results showed that the highest frequency was related to the men surgery ward and the lowest one to the women orthopedic and neurosurgery wards. Thirty-two percent of the subjects were discharged on Sunday and Wednesday had the lowest discharge percentage of 4. Moreover, the highest frequency distribution based on 37 percent of hospitalization days was 5 and more days. Regarding the gender of the wards’ secretaries, the highest percentage was 89% which was related to females. And regarding their years of service was one year with the highest percentage of 31%. The results of the ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between different wards of the hospital. Discussion: Discharging patients is accompanied with numerous problems which can affect patients’ recovery process and promotion of their health. The process of discharging patients is a complex challenge faced by hospital management; and modifying this process is considered as a key strategy based on which all activities in a hospital can be defined, developed and executed in order to achieve harmony.

[Nasrin Aliramaei, Nahid Kan’ani, Ziba Afrasiabian, Sohila Estifaie, Elham Naseri, Susan Ghasrsaz, Roxana Yaghmaei. Investigating Discharge Duration of Patients and Factors Affecting it in Be’sat Medical Center, Sanandaj in 2011. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):605-612] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.93

Keywords: duration of discharge, patient, affecting factors, hospital

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Effect of resin content, press time and overlaying on physical and mechanical properties of carton board made from recycled beverage carton and MUF resin

Hashem Rhamin^1*, Mehrab Madhoushi², Adeleh Ebrahimi³ and Farshid Faraji⁴

^1*Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Wood & Paper Engineering, Gorgan, Iran

²Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Wood & Paper Engineering, Gorgan, Iran

³Shahid Rajaei University, Department of civil engineering, Tehran, Iran

⁴Gonbad University, Department of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad, Iran

*Corresponding Author: H_rahamin@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to produce "carton board" with the density of 1 g/cm³ from Recycled Beverage carton (tetra Pak containers) by mixing melamine-Urea formaldehyde resin (MUF) at 3 levels 0%, 9% and 12% with two different pressing times, 10 min and 12 min. Half of the boards were created using walnut veneer layers. Physical and mechanical properties of boards including water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), internal bonding strength (IB) and screw With Drawl Resistance were evaluated in all samples according to the EN standard. To characterize effects of any ingredient on physical and mechanical properties, the data were analyzed as a factorial design by SPSS software at 99 confidence level. The results presented that different amounts of press time and resin content did not have particular effect on mechanical properties of the “carton Board”, but walnut veneer significantly increased the mechanical properties and reduced the physical properties in all samples. Although samples created without using any resin had better physical properties. The results stated that the Carton Board can be manufactured by mixing Recycled Beverage Carton (tetra Pak containers) with MUF resin or even without any resin. The resulting composite has an acceptable physical strength according to EN standard and walnut veneer can increase mechanical resistance to a higher amount above the standard deal.

[Hashem Rhamin, Mehrab Madhoushi, Adeleh Ebrahimi, Farshid Faraji. Effect of resin content, press time and overlaying on physical and mechanical properties of carton board made from recycled beverage carton and MUF resin. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):613-619] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.94

Keywords: Recycled Beverage carton (tetra Pak containers), Carton board, Melamine-Urea Formaldehyde resin (MUF), Walnut Veneer

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Cupping Therapy (Al-Hijama): It's Impact on Persistent Non-Specific Lower Back Pain and Client Disability

Hanan, S. A. and Eman, S. E.

Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Egypt

dr_hanan10@yahoo.com and esobhy14@yahoo.com

Abstract: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting 80% of people at some point in their lives. It is the most common cause of job-related disability, a leading contributor to missed work, and the second most common neurological ailment. Cupping is used in the treatment and cure of a broad range of conditions; general physical as back pain and mental well-being. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of cupping therapy (Al-Hijama) on management of persistent non-specific lower back pain and client disability. Subjects & Methods, The study was conducted at Islamic Al-Hijama Centre – Yanbu City – Al Madinah Al Munawarah - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Thirty adult clients diagnosed with nonspecific low back pain were enrolled in the study with inclusive and exclusive criteria; Data collection tools: Client assessment sheet; American Pain Society Client Outcome Questionnaire and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Results, sample included (86.7%) males used wet cupping therapy (76.7%), there were highly statistical significant for assessment of pain pre and post cupping therapy; and client's ability to manage everyday life. Conclusion, cupping therapy is effective in relieving persistent non- specific lower back pain and client disability; no adverse effects were reported from subjects after the treatment. It is recommended that using cupping therapy for enhance disability and decrease pain of lower back pain.
[Hanan, S. A. and Eman, S. E. Cupping Therapy (Al-Hijama): It's Impact on Persistent Non-Specific Lower Back Pain and Client Disability. Life Sci J 2012;10(4s): 631-642] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

doi:10.7537/marslsj1004s13.96

Keywords: Lower Back Pain, Cupping Therapy, Al-hjiama

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