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1

The Tortious Liability Arising From Giving Erroneous Judgment In The Iranian Legal System : By Emphasis On The Attorney’s Liability

Mohammad Javad Abdollahi^1*, Morteza Jalilzadeh², mehdi rezaei moghadam³ and Ebadollah abbasi⁴

¹* Corresponding author: Attorney at law, PhD student in private law, Tehran University, Qom campus

Email: e_m_abdollahi@yahoo.com

² Attorney at law, PhD student in criminal law and criminology, University of tehran Judicial Sciences

³ Attorney at law, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Attorney at law, Department of law,Eslamic Azad University, Abadeh branch, Abadeh, Iran.

Abstract: Besides all their concern for advocacy of justice, Judges and attorneys in each scientific or moral levels are fallible and it is always possible that they give intentionally or unintentionally an erroneous judgment that would result in causing damages. Many different factors interfere in giving an erroneous judgment and the liability of each one is realizable by ascertaining the particular regulations: parties to the dispute, the court’s official employees (secretary and archivist) and semi-official employees (office manager), judge, state; because the judgment is a service provided by the state and the person sustaining a loss must be finally recompensed (171^st principle of Iran’s constitution) and at last the attorney. In this study by denoting the contour of liability of the first groups we will set about the attorney’s contour of liability and its criteria. By obligating the attorneys’ interference in the claims, the attorneys’ role in giving a judgment has been strengthened and eventually this fact poses the subject of the contour of liability of this class. Verifying the attorney’s liability shows that: 1. the attorney’s contour of liability is entirely depended on the resulted power contour coming from the client. 2. To find an attorney liable some factors are assumed: a) inexpertise and lack of scientific and technic capability for doing the subject-matter of the proceeding. b) Attorney’s lack of honesty and truthfulness. d) Delay in meeting an obligation which has a time limit. e) Lack of attorney’s confidentiality to the client. 3. Considering that the obligation of attorney is an obligation means, his liability is based on the theory of culpability and is therefore defendable. 4. The attorney’s nonfeasance may injure also the rights of the third persons and this discussion has also its hypotheses. Aim of posing this subject is Verifying the contour which finds an attorney liable or exculpates him in giving an erroneous judgment and protecting this contour to prevent aggression to the attorney’s rights and necessity of the preparing and specifying the attorneys’ professional moral codes towards the client and judge and the insurance coverage of the attorneys’ liability against the client.

[Mohammad Javad Abdollahi, Morteza Jalilzadeh, mehdi rezaei moghadam and Ebadollah abbasi. The Tortious Liability Arising From Giving Erroneous Judgment In The Iranian Legal System : By Emphasis On The Attorney’s Liability. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):1-5]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 1

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.01

Key words: Erroneous judgment, Attorney, Tortious liability, Compensation, other liable persons.

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Evaluating the effect difference of two methods of reinforcement on learning about recycling and urban cleaning in high school male students

Mohammad Ehsan Taghizadeh ¹, Semiramis Salmanzadeh (Corresponding author) ², davood khjeean³

^1. PhD in Psychology, Assistant Professor of Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

^2. Student of master of general psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

^3. Bachelor of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The current study has been conducted in order to study the difference effect of two types of positive and negative reinforcement on recycling learning in high school male students. Thus 36 male subjects, who were educating in first grade of high school during the school year 2010-11, were chosen (by available sampling method) and were randomly classified into two groups. Recycling training with positive reinforcement was provided in a group and recycling training with negative reinforcement was provided in other group. After seven training sessions and in the eighth session, the subjects' learning was measured by researcher-made questionnaire (questionnaire of recycling learning by Taghizadeh-Khajeh-Sian) and subjects' anxiety level by subscale of Dass test anxiety. Results were measured by statistical methods of Student's t and analysis of variance. According to this study, different types of reinforcement have no different effect on learning the recycling (at the significant level 0.1) and providing different types of reinforcement for anxious and low-anxious groups will not lead to different learning of recycling (at the significant level 0.1).

[Mohammad Ehsan Taghizadeh, Semiramis Salmanzadeh, davood khjeean. Evaluating the effect difference of two methods of reinforcement on learning about recycling and urban cleaning in high school male students. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):6-14] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.02

Keywords: Reinforcement - positive reinforcement - negative reinforcement – recycling learning - Anxiety

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Discrete Time Sliding Mode Controller for Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment

D. Jeraldin Auxillia

St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Chunkankadai, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

jeraldin.auxillia@gmail.com,

Abstract- A Discrete time sliding mode controller based on Fast output sampling(DSMCFOS) via reduced order model is designed to manipulate the power levels of ultrasound transducer in the presence of blood perfusion variation to achieve controlled effective hyperthermia. A tumor layer surrounded by muscle layer is modeled by bio heat transfer equation and solved using finite difference method., Uncertainty in blood perfusion in tumor tissue model during the course of cancer treatment is considered,to prove the robustness of sliding mode controller to parametric variation. Further since the algorithm is based on output feedback only the system output and past control inputs are used to implement the control law and state estimators are unnecessary. Designed fourth order controller is used to control 131 order system using aggregation matrix. Performance of the controller is assessed by framing a desired trajectory which meets the goals of on line hyperthermia feedback control system. The closed loop error norm and the open loop error norm for varying blood perfusion are validated. Simulations proved that the designed controller is effective and gives a much lower error norm numerically ranging from 0.3294 to 1.0043.

[D. Jeraldin Auxillia. Discrete Time Sliding Mode Controller for Cancer Treatment. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):15-21] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.03

Keywords: Hyperthermia, multi rate output feedback, sliding mode controller, model order reduction, finite difference method, ultrasound transducer

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Scintigraphic radioisotope counting in superior frontal part of cat's brain

Gholamreza Assadnassab^1*, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei², Babak Mahmoudian², Davoud Kazemi¹, Mohammadreza Valilou³, Hossain Jodeiri ¹, Solmaz Rahmanie Barouji⁴

1- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of Pathology Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

4- MD

Corresponding author: Gholamreza Assadnassab, assadnassabgh@iaut.ac.ir, assadnassabgh@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of recent study was to describe counting the radiopharmaceutical ^99m TC-ECD uptake in the left and right superior frontal regions of cat's brain and show the symmetry between of them. One of diagnostic imaging technique is nuclear medicine that is used in animals. Brain scintigraphy is important in nuclear medicine. In this survey, scintigraphy has done in 20 healthy cats and amount of radioactive materials in necessary scans at special regions has counted. Scintigraphic scans are obtained 20 minutes after injection of 2milliCurie, ^99mTc- ECD from femoral vein in anaesthetized cats. In this research, we study accumulation of radioisotopes in superior frontal part of brain by drawing regions outlines interest (ROI). Average count of this radioisotope in right and left side superior frontal parts of brain were 38.4±2.70 and 38.2±2.74 Kcount respectively that show the symmetry between of them.

[Gholamreza Assadnassab, Shahram Dabiri Oskoei, Babak Mahmoudian, Davoud Kazemi, Mohammadreza Valilou, Hossain Jodeiri, Solmaz Rahmanie Barouji. Scintigraphic radioisotope counting in superior frontal part of cat's brain. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):22-24] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.04

Keywords: brain, cat, superior frontal, Scintigraphy

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5

Preterm Birth Detection Using EMG Signal Processing

Solmaz Bazregar and Kobra Mahdinejad

Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Bojnurd, Iran

Abstract: Bioelectric Signals used in different aspect of medicine and biomedicine. In this paper we are going to use these signals to detect preterm birth. In this research we are processing Electro Mayo Gram (EMG) Signals in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain for preterm birth detection. In addition we will compare these methods to achieve the best way for EMG detection by using the difference between uterine contraction frequencies.

[Solmaz Bazregar and Kobra Mahdinejad. Preterm Birth Detection Using EMG Signal Processing. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):25-30] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.05

Keywords: EMG, Preterm Birth, Uterine Contraction, Wavelet, Histogram

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6

Studying the efficacy of CAPM Model in forecasting stock revenue of the firms accepted in securities exchange

¹Hamidreza Azizi Balabeiglou,*²Seyed Mahdi Moniri, ¹Behzad Belghadr, ¹Seyed Vahid Ataei

1- Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran

2- Young Research Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Seyed Mahdi Moniri, E-mail: Moniri_Mehdi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Presented models in the capital markets, confirm a positive linear relationship between systematic risks and revenue of capital assets. With respect to one of these models (CAPM), in addition to systematic risk, we also examine the linear relationship between expected revenue and common stock revenue. This research examines the relationship between common stock revenue with expected revenue and systematic risk in the firms accepted in Tehran securities exchange (2007 – 2011) to study Capital market of the country and provide information for better decision-making of investors. Accordingly, the accepted firms in Tehran security exchange were 284 units at the beginning of 2006. Based on Cochran Formula, we choose 72 units of these companies as our sample. We collect the required information for testing hypothesis, and then research variables including the revenue of common stock (dependent variable) and expected revenue, systematic risk (dependent variables) and also the revenue of market were calculated. At the end, for testing hypothesis we examine the existence of the aforementioned relationships through regression analysis; then by calculating Pierson’s correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination we examine the kind and intensity of these relationships. Research findings indicate that there is a correlation between the expected revenue and systematic risk with common stock revenue in accepted firms in Tehran securities exchange, and this correlation is very intense in the main test. Therefore, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is effective and their hypotheses are confirmed.

[Hamidreza Azizi Balabeiglou, Seyed Mahdi Moniri, Behzad Belghadr, Seyed Vahid Ataei. Studying the efficacy of CAPM Model in forecasting stock revenue of the firms accepted in securities exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):31-40]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.06

Key Words: CAPM Model, Stock revenue, accepted firms in Tehran securities exchange, Iran

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Modern Management Techniques in Persian Literature A Search through Beyhaghi History and Farokhi, Onsori, and Manuchehri Poetry

Behzad Ovaysi¹, Rahman zabihi ² , Ebrahim  yaghobi³

^1. MS of Persian Language and Literature, University of   ilam,

^2. Professor Assistant of Persian Language and Literature, University of ilam,Iran

^3. Professor of University,ilam , Iran

dr.ye.1391@gmail.com

Abstract: The traditional view of Persian literature as a source of pleasure has given way to examination of their utility. This change of attitude stems from this belief that literature is the reflection of culture, manner, rites, and circumstances of a certain community in a given period. Literature unravels the hidden layers of cultural dimensions and the type of interactions that existed among various strata in a given society. It provides accounts of living styles, religious beliefs, spiritual rites, ethical standards, philosophical views, economic ideology, governance doctrines, and management styles. Such a view entails the reexamination of literature by new and different approaches. This will create opportunities for myriad interdisciplinary research. The objective of this type of research shall be the discovery of patterns that could help problem solving through the development of interdisciplinary cooperation. The knowledge base then available to poets and writers was reflected in their literary works in spite of limitations of various fields in the past. This article is a comparative study of the prose and poetic works of fourth and early fifth centuries AH (Ghaznavi Era) looking for traces of modern management thinking. The objective is to review the management techniques used during the study period as part of the domestication process that is taking place in various scientific fields. This is a minor attempt to substantiate the comprehensiveness of Persian literature and the knowledge base of Persian authors in various fields. This is a wide open area of research requiring the attention of practitioners. This study is a library search conducted by reviewing and taking notes from the existing relevant sources. It examines the artistic presentation of management and leadership theories and responsibilities in Persian literary works. The findings of this study revealed different aspects of modern management techniques carefully expressed in form of poetry or prose.

 [Behzad Ovaysi, Rahman zabihi and Ebrahim Yaghobi. Modern Management Techniques in Persian Literature A Search through Beyhaghi History and Farokhi, Onsori, and Manuchehri Poetry. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):41-50]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.07

Keywords: Interdisciplinary Research, Onsori, Beyhaghi History, Organizing, Decision Making

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The necessities of verifying the policies of Non Governmental Organizations development in planning and management of rural tourism of Iran

Mohammad Reza Ormazdi¹ (Corresponding author), Dr. Ali Pourfikouhi², Dr. Teimour Amar³

^1. PhD student in Geography and Rural Planning, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

^2. Associate Professor and Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

^3. Assistant Professor and Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

Abstract: Non Governmental Organizations, an organization with undependable, non governmental and nonprofit legal personality that acts for doing volunteer works with non – political and Positive law – based and national executive regulations elements trends which is undependable in management and in setting, budgeting and has codified statute that by analyzing creating non governmental organizations in Iran it can be seen that it has long history in a way that the tradition of servicing to people is viewed as a religious duty and the people who do the services are respected particularly. In 1980, social and political movements in inner communities of all over the world and protecting the forces by United Nations through financial and technical supports, provide suitable conditions for growing non governmental organization. As a matter of fact non governmental organizations, as a new procedure for people participation in determining their fate in today world, have been important that can play a role in transporting nation requests to government system, as the interface ring among governments and people, and non governmental organizations play an important role in developing rural tourism. In this study, the writer tries to investigate non governmental organizations position in enhancing rural tourists and setting the projects aimed to rural tourism.

[Mohammad Reza Ormazdi, Dr. Ali Pourfikouhi, Teimour Amar. The necessities of verifying the policies of Non Governmental Organizations development in planning and management of rural tourism of Iran. Life Sci J 2013; 10(3s):51-58] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.08

Keywords: Iran, sustainable development, non governmental organizations, village

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Evaluation of performance of Elmi-Karbordi Universities through Data Envelopment Analysis method

Javad Shaker Ardakani ¹, A. Delavar khalafi², Professor abdulhay k. sh ³

1.PhD Student of Mathematics, Tajikistan Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan (Corresponding author)

2.Faculty of Mathematics, Yazd University, Yazd, P.O. Box 89197/741, Iran

3.Tajikistan Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Abstract: The present article aims to evaluate the performance of Elmi-Karbordi universities via data envelopment analysis (DEA) method provide a way for measurement of two technical schools of Imam Ali and Sadoughi in Yazd. Study of non-parametric assessment methods show that choosing measurement method of decision-making unit (DMU) efficiency depends on nature of data (cardinal, ordinal) inside inputs and outputs. In present paper by use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient the coefficients of model were determined and specified inputs and outputs based on two inputs (score of professors and accessible space at university) and one output (number of graduated) were computed with DEAP software. Ranking results of two mentioned schools during 6 consecutive years were determined. According to obtained data and using CCR model (output oriented), 12 assessments were performed with DMU method and DEAP software. The data were computed based on VRS DEA method and in form of output oriented. The results for calculation of deficits and excess values of inputs and outputs are presented in following. Additionally, target value of inputs and outputs of the problem for making efficient of inefficient were computed at the end. Consequently, it was concluded that which DMU in which year gained the first rank and the last rank belongs to which DMU. Meanwhile the rank of other DMU was specified as well.

[Javad Shaker Ardakani, A. Delavar khalafi, Professor abdulhay k. sh. Evaluation of performance of Elmi-Karbordi Universities through Data Envelopment Analysis method. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):59-66] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 9

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.09

Keywords: Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), university ranking

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Nonlinear analysis of cylindrical shells with reinforced ring under hydrostatic pressure

Mahmoud-Reza Hosseini-Tabatabaei¹ (Corresponding author), Alireza Sadeghi², Morteza Radnia³

^1. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

^2. MSc of Structural, Department of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Iran

^3. MSc of Structural, Department of civil engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Iran

Abstract: Cylindrical shells are widely used in science and Mechanical Engineering. Due to the small thickness, the stability of the shell against compressive loads is a major concern. To achieve appropriate axial and bending stiffness, and also to prevent premature buckling, generally longitudinal stiffening ring are used. In this paper, the effect of ring enhancement on enhanced nonlinear behavior of cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure is investigated. Several types of reinforcement, including reinforcement uniform exterior, interior, and reinforced with uniform linear height distribution have been studied. There was so much pressure on the buckling strength of the shell with a significant increase and in this regard, the strengthening of the linear distribution of height slightly greater increase in pressure created. The maximum displacements and stresses in the crust of the amplifier are reduced considerably. The positive effects would enhance by adding length to thickness ratio increases.

[Mahmoud-Reza Hosseini-Tabatabaei, Alireza Sadeghi, Morteza Radnia. Nonlinear analysis of cylindrical shells with reinforced ring under hydrostatic pressure. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):67-75] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 10

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.10

Keywords: Non-linear buckling, cylindrical shell, ring stiffeners

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Studying the effect of management ability on profit quality in Stock Exchange in Iran

Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh¹, Younes Badavare Nahandi², Masome Khosravanian³, Mina Lalepour⁴

¹ Ph.D, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

² Ph.D, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

³M.A, Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

⁴Young Researchers and Elites Club, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

M.Khosravanian62@gmail.com

Abstract: Estimates and judgments of management that may affect the quality of financial reporting should be reflected in accruals. Management insights and skills in the proper evaluation of future events are estimated to increase the quality of accruals. The purpose of the present study to elucidate the relationship between functional ability and quality of earnings management of listed companies in Tehran Stock Market. In this study, annual adjustments, accruals quality and earnings persistence, have been used as a measure of earnings quality. The study period of 2005 to 2010 for six years, and the research sample includes 104 firms listed on the stock market. The results showed that the past management ability reduced. In annual adjustments in the current period. This finding is consistent with theoretical research shows that managers with higher ability, lower figures have been adjusted to be in the past period. Also proved that the managers with higher ability to sustain losses reported losses in the tens of companies have helped. This finding is not consistent with the theoretical basis of research and expected that manager with higher capacity, higher accruals quality report. According to the research findings, the relationship between accruals quality management capabilities is reversed. Overall, the results indicate that the strength of corporate profits, quality management, there is a significant relationship and was proven management ability can be used as a factor in the quality of financial reporting is concerned.

[Rasool Baradaran Hassanzadeh, Younes Badavare Nahandi, Masome Khosravanian, Mina Lalepour. Studying the effect of management ability on profit quality in Stock Exchange in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):76-85] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 11

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.11

Keywords: Managerial Ability, Earning Adjustments, Earnings Persistence, Accruals Quality

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Effects of Decentralization through Establishment of New Provinces on Rural Development： A case study: Qazvin Province, Iran

Dr. Mehdi Pourtaheri ^1*, Dr. AbdolrezaEftekhari², Dr. Hassan Ahmadi³, Dr. Zahra Ahmadipour⁴, Dr. Valiolah Nazari⁵

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: Mahdit@modares.ac.ir

^2.Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

^3.Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail:ahmidineka@yahoo.com

^4. Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

^5.Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Geography

Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of decentralization through the establishment of new provinces on rural development in Iran. In this study, quantitative and qualitative data associated with the new established Qazvin province, as a case study, was used. Regarding quantitative data, we used statistical documents published by Iranian Statistics Center, and for qualitative data a questionnaire was prepared that mainly focused on the economic, social and physical dimensions. The scale used was based on a 5-point Likert-type scale in the shape of Retrospective Panel Design (RPD) using measurements undertaken regarding the effects of the new province on rural areas before and after the its establishment. This survey questionnaire was distributed to 450 households in 45 villages in the study area, and the collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test in the SPSS software. The results show that decentralization through the establishment of this new province significantly has affected a number of economic, social and physical indicators in both rural settlements and rural households. However, it seems that the model and aspect of decentralization that has been implemented in this case is, in reality, deconcentration.

[Mehdi Pourtaheri, AbdolrezaEftekhari, Hassan Ahmadi, Zahra Ahmadipour, Valiolah Nazari. Effects of Decentralization through Establishment of New Provinces on Rural Development： A case study: Qazvin Province, Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):86-97] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.12

Keywords: decentralization; rural development; Qazvin province; rural development

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Differential diagnosis of breast cancer and its types by Data mining algorithms

Hamidreza Asemi Zavareh

^1. Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

h.asemizavareh@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aims to diagnose breast cancer by appropriately accurate data mining on Mammographic Images. In this case, diagnosing a patient with cancer should be initially done followed by predicting malignant candidates, i.e. a single spot (white) on mammographic image; the most optimal results are obtained if error decreases in diagnosing error of diagnosing a patient with cancer. As the cancerous candidates are low about 650 of total 102,000 candidates, balancing data must be initially done to decrease errors. Then, effective variables are identified among 117 variables per candidate (of its nobles) using PGA and Wilcoxon. Finally, decision tree META COST is used to model neural network algorithms. 70% data is used as training data and the rest 30% is used for validation. The model result is based on the surface beneath the function FROC. The error of predicting unhealthy class to healthy is almost 11%. As a patient is with 11 malignant candidates among his candidates, error of diagnosing a patient with cancer as a healthy one is 11% in power of 11 and it will be approximately zero.

[Hamidreza Asemi Zavareh. Differential diagnosis of breast cancer and its types by Data mining algorithms. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):98-103] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 13

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.13

Keywords: Differential diagnosis, breast cancer, Data mining, variable selection.

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The Role and Position of Ethics in Politics: In View of Islam and Islamic Scholars

Ehsan Mirzahosseini¹ and Ebrahim Yaghobi ²

^1. Assistant and Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Iran

^2.Professor of Islamic Azad University, Ilam and Bahktar Branch, Farhangian University, Ilam, Iran

dr.ey.1391@gmail.com

Abstract: This article examines the view of Islam on the role and position of ethics in politics. It offers lexical definitions of ethics and politics. It briefly explains the relation of religion and ethics before entering into detailed discussions of the four logical relations between ethics and politics, namely, homogeneity, incongruity, inclusivity, and severability. This paper explains what’s and why's of the relation between ethics and politics based on the existing theories offered by the scholars of both fields. The theories included are: the separation of ethics and politics, adherence of ethics and politics, duality of ethics, and unity of ethics and politics. These theories are examined in details as a pretext to open the substantiated discussions for the political and ethical principles of Islam. Further discussions include Moslem scholars' views and theories of how ethics and politics relate to each other. By extending ethics into politics as subscribed by Islam, this paper concludes that association and agreement between ethics and politics have always been considered throughout the history. Early political scholars believed that politics had significant direct relation with the virtue and purpose of ethics which ensure bliss in life and afterlife. In spite of inverse interpretations offered by some misguided erudite, Islam subscribes to appropriate politics as the proper and expedient governance of social functions based on ethical principles and values. As ethics is flawed without a strong belief in God and God's revelations, a binding association between politics and ethics can guarantee a balanced material and moral progress, driving societies toward the ultimate accomplishments.

 [Ehsan Mirzahosseini and Ebrahim Yaghobi. The Role and Position of Ethics in Politics: In View of Islam and Islamic Scholars. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):104-113]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.14

Keywords: Ethics, Politics, Islam, Governance, Ethics versus Politics

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Structural equations modeling of relations between job satisfactions, job exhaustion, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan)

Najmeh Amin Javaheri¹ and Narges Saeidian²

¹Department of Educational Sciences, Kkhorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad university Isfahan, Iran

²Department of Educational Sciences, Kkhorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad university Isfahan, Iran

Abstract: the current study aims to determine relationships and structural equations modeling of relations between job satisfaction, job exhaustion, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan). method of the current study is descriptive – correlative. Statistical community of the study composed of faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan) in number of 310 people which equivalent sample size was calculated 167 people by using Cohen, Manion and Morison’s determination table of sample size (2000), sampling method is stratified random one. the study findings showed that there is a significant relationship between each variable of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (p≤0.01) but there is not a significant relationship between job exhaustion and organizational citizenship behavior (p≤0.01). Structural equations modeling related findings showed that job satisfaction has a direct effect on job exhaustion and organizational citizenship behavior and also has an indirect effect on job exhaustion and organizational citizenship behavior through organizational commitment as a mediator variable. this paper tries to investigate simple relationships (correlation) and cause relationships (Structural equation modeling) between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job exhaustion and organizational citizenship behavior. And importance of this article is due to research activities in Iran do not provide enough information about the level, magnitude of the relationships among variables and how they are.

[Najmeh Amin Javaheri and Narges Saeidian. Structural equations modeling of relations between job satisfactions, job exhaustion, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of faculty of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):114-123]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 15

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.15

Keywords: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job exhaustion, organizational citizenship behavior, structural equation modeling

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Knowledge Management Application in Research Management

Behnam Talebi, Wahid Kabir Galekandi

Department of Educational Administration, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: In the current era, intellectual capital and organizational knowledge are the only way to grow and develop properly, organizations and communities. Thus, for using which is the main source knowledge in research and development organizations considering knowledge management(KM) can correctly manage attracting externals resources by strengthening researchers and giving organizational and financial resources, setting up a website and publishing technical papers, strengthening members' attitudes to research and presenting papers at conferences and meetings and the outsourcing, which these organizations and their communities, through the effective management of KM can achieve knowledge and opportunity in achieving knowledge.

[Talebi B, Kabir Galekandi V. Knowledge Management Application in Research Management. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):124-130] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.16

Keywords: Knowledge, Management, organization

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Human-Social Identity of Metropolises Sample: Tabriz Metropolis (Iran)

Aref Monadi

Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Email:aref_monadi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Scientists of identity area believe that territory and geographical place play an important and significant role among identifying components. Human looks often for its roots in a special place and belongs to a place where its freedom, security, and essential needs and requirements are supplied. Therefore, no one is separated and isolated from time. Identity of any geographical place is consisted of three interwoven factors: (1) Natural specific factor and its apparent form. (2) Visible activities and their functions. (3) Concepts or symbols. There are several concepts, conditions and elements inside each of these three factors which can be combined in indefinite ways and organize a special identity. Identifying each place is special to the place. Places offer an experienced view from the alive, full of concepts, with external outlook world, continuable activities and functions. Thus, they are important source of individual and group identity and create a centrality where deep mental and emotional connections are established among people.

[Monadi A. Human-Social Identity of Metropolises Sample: Tabriz Metropolis (Iran). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):131-134] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.17

Keywords: Identity, Azerbaijan, Tabriz, City

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The Roots of Lack of Mathematics Learning among Boy and Girl Students Who Study in Third Grade of Guidance Schools in Iranshahr

 Shokoofeh Sayyad¹ (correspondence author), Ghorbani Mehrzad², Farzaneh Sayyad³

¹Master of Science, Department of Mathematics, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

² Department of Mathematics, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran.

³Mathematics Teacher, Shib-Ab Region, Zabol City, Iran

Abstract: The study method of this paper is according to Chi Square Test, and simple random sampling method is applied to take samples. By means of this method, 117 students (49 boys and 68 girls) are selected as the sample size. The data has been analyzed statistically in two descriptive and deductive levels. Some indicators such as mean, percentage … are used in descriptive level and some other indicators such as Chi Square Test are used in deductive level manually. This is a part of general results: there is a significant relationship between variables of “lack of motivation”, “lack of emotional relationship with teacher”, “lack of appropriate teaching method of teacher” and “lack of mathematics learning”. These results are obtained by Chi Square Test.

[Shokoofeh S, Ghorbani M, Farzaneh S. The Roots of Lack of Mathematics Learning among Boy and Girl Students Who Study in Third Grade of Guidance Schools in Iranshahr. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):135-139] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.18

Keywords: Emotional Relationship with Teacher, Motivation, Teaching Method, Structure of Classroom, Adornment of Teacher

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Design and Simulating Five-Finger Robot Hand to Grasp Spherical Objects

Ahmad Ghanbari¹, Ramin Solaimani², Arash Rahmani³, Farshid Tabatabaie²

1. School of Engineering Emerging Technology, Mechatronics Lab. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2. Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajabshir Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ajabshir, Iran

Abstract: Grasping and manipulation of objects, as well as the capability interacting safely with the environment (possibly including also humans), is a fundamental task for a humanoid robot. In order to tackle these issues a great effort has been put for over two decades to develop robot hands or mechanisms emulating the grasping capabilities of a human. However, grasping and manipulation control also rely the availability of suitable contact and force feedback. In this article being inspired by biological samples, we have proceeded to designing and simulating five-fingered robotic hand which has the capability of touch sensing. Thus in this paper, to achieve this goal, the degree of freedom of each fingers has been calculated, Heartenberg- Dynavit parameters' has been exploited. Afterward each fingers as a 3^rd series robot has been modeled. Then using Lagrange method we calculated each joint torque and dynamic equation separately and considering non-linear manner of equations we solved them using Newton-Raphson numerical approach. Finally we modeled a robotic hand by using Solid Works and Visual Nastran engineering softwares. Dynamic and kinematic analysis results of this hand including linear and angular acceleration, linear and angular velocity and each finger joint spatial position and Torque in ratio of time was calculated. Moreover each finger movement was simulated in Matlab soft ware and in order to make sure of results, imitating human hand function, we made an experimental model of hand being able to grasp things. Obtained results showed that there is an acceptable accordance among modeling results performed in Nastran software, simulation results performed in Matlab and experimental conclusions.

[Ahmad Ghanbari, Ramin Solaimani, Arash Rahmani, Farshid Tabatabaie. Design and Simulating Five-Finger Robot Hand to Grasp Spherical Objects. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):140-145] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 19

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.19

Key words: Kinematic analysis, sense of touch, robotic hand, dynamic equations, Newton-Raphson method.

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Explication of momentum strategy in Tehran’s market for bonds and equities from risk and output perspective

Zahra Kohandel, Majid Zanjirdar, Reza Mousavi

Department of Management, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

zahrakohandel@yahoo.com

Abstract: Momentum strategy is a fundamental and highly applicable strategy implemented by analysts, portfolio managers and investors in capital markets. Being inspired by physics and Newton’s first law, momentum strategy involves following market trends. As opposed to the efficient market hypothesis, momentum investment strategy claims that common stock output varies in different time periods. In this regard, using appropriate investment strategies in each situation, investors might achieve an output larger than market output. Assimilation of portfolios in time period and comparing their outputs is an efficient method of testing and assessing strategies outputs. Most studies conducted in Iranian capital market have aimed at assessing momentum strategy in light of portfolio outputs. This study is innovative in that it simultaneously investigates momentum strategy output and assesses the risk of this strategy in the Iranian market for bonds and equities. Momentum strategy portfolio’s risk and output are compared with the average risk and output of Iranian market. In this regard, the financial data of 189 firms involved in the Iranian market for bonds and equities from 1996 to 2000 have been investigated in 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month time periods. This research finding reveals that the average of monthly risk and output obtained from implementing momentum strategy in 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month formation and maintenance time periods is significantly higher than the average monthly risk and output of the market portfolios.

[Kohandel Z, Zanjirdar M, Mousavi R. Explication of momentum strategy in Tehran’s market for bonds and equities from risk and output perspective. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):146-151] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 20

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.20

Key words: risk, output, momentum strategy, the efficient market hypothesis

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Studying the effect of size and the experience duration of the auditing firm on conservatism in firms accepted evidenced from Iran

Amir Dadar¹, Zohre Hajiha², Heydar Mohamad Zade Salte³

¹Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

²Department of Accounting, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU)

³Department of Accounting, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran.

dadar.iaut@yahoo.com

Abstract: Conservatism is one of the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. Also regarding the fact that management uses a less conservative approach strategically, we will study the effect of the size and the experience period of an auditing firm on the conditional and unconditional conservatism in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To calculate the conditional and unconditional conservatism we have used models posed by Ball, Shiva Komar, Guili, and Hyne. In this research 90 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated during the time period between the years 2007 and 2011. To test the hypotheses we have used the linear regression model. The findings of the research show that the size of an auditing firm does not have a meaningful effect on conditional and unconditional conservatism, but the experience of an auditing firm affects conditional and unconditional conservatism meaningfully and positively.

[Dadar, A, Hajiha,Z, Mohamad Zade Salte, H. Studying the effect of size and the experience duration of the auditing firm on conservatism in firms accepted evidenced from Iran. Life Sci J 2013; 10(3s):152-158] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 21

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.21

Keywords: auditing firm size, the experience duration of an auditing firm, conditional and unconditional conservatism

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Religious teachings in development of verbal hint culture

Asghar Abedzadeh

Department of Theology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Commanding right and forbidden wrong is a religious and public act and this is originated of internal suggestions indicating the close relation between wisdom and sharia.” commanding right and forbidden wrong” are the terms with different meanings for human and it can be said that “right “is the name of any good attribute and its beauty is accepted by wisdom and sharia. And “Wrong” is any act in the contrary with common right. Maybe right is called this as the nature of human being is familiar with it and wrong is not familiar with the nature of human being. It can be said that any statement obliging a person to an act or requiring him to do it means that the person is ordered to do that act and any statement and act avoiding a person from an act is preventing from it, to be forbidden of it. In Islamic texts, the former is called “command” and the latter is called “forbidden” and the actors of this act are the people who command and forbid. Commanding right and forbidden wrong is the religious responsibility of all people and the person should have the required conditions and take the required measurement. In addition, he should observe the required methods. By reviewing the Quran texts and tradition, the necessity of commanding and forbidden right wrong is obvious. Performing Islamic orders, the security in the communities, Halal wage, and responsibility of people to each other are the requirements of this important issue. But forgetting and the lack of considering this important act will have negative incurable effects. The lack of responsibility against others, deprivation of spiritual salvation and divine mercy, the dominance of the bad people on good people, the divine chastisement is some of the negative effects. This is done via various ways based on personal requirements of the person and speech method is one of the most important methods with various advantages. It is hoped that all human being, namely the Muslims in all over the world consider this issue to use its advantages.

[Asghar Abedzadeh. Religious teachings in development of verbal hint culture. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):159-166] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.22

Keywords: Command, forbidden, forbidding, Qurani and tradition texts

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Using mushroom EBG in microstrip array antenna to reduce Side Lobe Level

Mohammad Javad Asghari*, Farokh Hojat Kashani**, Alireza Malekijavan***, Behnam Bahiraei ****

*,**,****Electrical Engineering Department Tehran South Branch Islamic Azad University (IAU) Tehran, Iran

**Dept. of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST) Tehran, Iran

Corresponding author: Asghari.MohammadJavad@gmail.com, Tel: +98-911-1187921

Abstract: Metamaterial is type of material that isn’t in nature and it is manufacture by combination of multi material with together and by combination of their specification, the resulting metamaterial contain negative . One kind of metamaterial is EBG that we use it in our paper and discussion about its effect on microstrip antenna. EBG has a band gap in specific frequency that causes not propagation in this frequency. using EBG in antenna, band gap specification cause reduction in surface field that means side lobe level will decrease. Really in microstrip array surface wave that is propagate in substrate cause side lobe in pattern. Our antenna work at 10 Ghz. After designing the array with 4 element and designing EBG in 10 Ghz, the periodic structure of EBG has been embedded around the antenna. Combination of antenna and EBG led to decrease surface and SLL about 2.5 dB.

[Asghari MJ, Hojat Kashani F, Malekijavan A, Bahiraei B. Using mushroom EBG in microstrip array antenna to reduce Side Lobe Level. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):167-170] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 23

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.23

Keywords: side lobe level (SLL), Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), microstrip array

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Examine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teachers to the academic success of elementary students in Heris

Heydar BakhtAzmay Bakhshayesh¹, Roghaye Vahdat², Mostafa Sheikhzadeh³

¹Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Department of Educational science, Urmia, Iran

²Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Department of Educational science, Urmia, Iran

³Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Department of Educational science, Urmia, Iran

Abstract: The first step towards a successful educational staff is to understand the factors that affect the quality of teachers’ activities. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teachers is one of the important factors for improving the quality of education, teachers’ occupational success and students’ educational successes; because there is a direct relationship between these factors and their performances. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction are two important factors in predicting and understanding of organizational behavior that help supervisors in the identification of potential problems. The employees of organization are index of superiority of that organization. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teachers with students’ educational success in elementary school in Heris. This research is implemented in descriptive – correlation (survey) method. Population of the study is 147 teachers and 3,604 students, according to Morgan chart the sample consisted of 108 teachers, 60 men and 48 women and 246 students, half male and half female. The teachers and school students were selected randomly. To collect the data two questionnaires were used; Job satisfaction questionnaire and organizational commitment questionnaire. To assess students’ educational success CV and teachers’ passing percentage were used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and…) inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, ratio test, t test, khi 2 test) was used. The results indicate that a significant majority of teachers have high job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Student achievement of this group teachers-based on statistics-is in high level (above 95%). Therefore it can be concluded that the general relationship exists between job satisfactions of teachers and students success. 

[BakhtAzmay Bakhshayesh H, Vahdat R, Sheikhzadeh M. Examine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teachers to the academic success of elementary students in Heris. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):171-176] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 24

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.24

Keywords: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, academic achievement, academic success

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Aims of graduate Curriculum Evaluation Program Planning Major

Shahram Ranjdoust, Mohammad Beyrami

Department of Educational Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the curriculum of the undergraduate program planning course using an evaluation method based on curriculum and syllabi approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (Iran). The study is a descriptive survey; the population included 17 women professors and 177 students of program planning and the sampling method of professors was census. For sampling students categorization sampling method was used with the size of 121 people. To evaluate the basic components of the study, researcher’s questionnaire is used based on Likert scale of five degrees. Reliability of aspects of curriculum objectives was achieved through the implementation of pilot study and calculating Cronbach alph of 0/85, respectively. T-test results showed that the goals of program planning curriculum at graduate degree moderately meet the needs and expectations of the students..

[Ranjdoust SH, Beyrami M. Aims of graduate Curriculum Evaluation Program Planning Major. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):177-181] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 25

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.25

Keywords: evaluation, higher education, curriculum planning goals

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The Investigation of the Exhaustion Levels of the Special Security Personnel According to Some Parameters

Yusuf Arikan

Police Academy, Ankara, Turkey

Tel:+90-505-2132845; Fax:+90-312-4997069. E-mail address: arikany@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study aims at the investigation of the exhaustion levels of the special security forces, which carry out special duties demanding special precautions, when doing their job in accordance to their ages, marital status, educational levels, seniorities, the type of the security certificate they had (allowing to carry gun or not), the in-service course they have taken and their perception of their economic situations. The working group of the study was constituted by 139 male security personnel who worked in the football matches in Istanbul in 2012. The personal data were collected from the security personnel by the use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. The resulting data were evaluated employing the t-test and one way variance analyses. The data revealed that there were no statistically significant changes between their emotional exhaustion, their depersonalization levels and feeling of personal accomplishment, and their ages, education levels, seniorities and the type of the security certificate the possessed (p>.05). However these features were found to show statistically significant changes according to their marital status and the fact they whether they took an in service course or not (p<.05). There were no differences observed between the depletion of their personal accomplishment feelings and their economic conditions (p>.05), but the emotional exhaustion and their insensitivity levels showed statistically significant correlation with these parameters (p<.05). In conclusion the exhaustion is a prolong process. That is why the managers and the administrators have a vitally important task of being aware of this situation and taking the necessary measures.

[Yusuf Arikan. The Investigation of the Exhaustion Levels of the Special Security Personnel According to Some Parameters. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):182-189] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 26

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.26

Keywords: Special security guards; Burnout; Emotional Exhaustion; Depersonalization; Personal Accomplishment

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The study of cognitive and somatic anxiety in the elite karate women's posture

Dr. Ahmad Torkfar¹, Dr. Ahdiyeh Yadolazadeh², Dr. Mehrzad Moghadasi³

^1. Department of Physical Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

^2. Department of Physical Education, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

^3. Department of Physical Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract: The main aim of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical anxiety on the posture of elite karate women. Twenty-two women athletes with the history of two-three years participation in the national karate team were randomly taken up in this study. The questionnaire 2 (CSAI-2) was used for data acquisition. The blood pressure and heartbeat of the subjects was recorded for measuring cognitive anxiety. Also, six question of the questionnaire was given to the subjects to answer them grading from one to five in which the number one indicating the minimum and five represent the maximum sensation in this regard. 10 to 45 minutes before the race and just after doing the race, this process is repeated again. The linear regression analysis was used for data analysis; the obtained findings did not show any significant difference between heart rate, blood pressure (Somatic anxiety) of elite karate-ka women and their posture in this regard.

[Torkfar A, Yadolazadeh A, Moghadasi M. The study of cognitive and somatic anxiety in the elite karate women's posture. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):190-193] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.27

Key words: Karate, Cognitive anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, Posture.

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Gain of human tyrosinase DOPA oxidase activity in artificial M374 Asp mutant

Roudabeh Behzadi¹, Majid Sadeghizadeh², Ali Akbar Mousavi Movahedi³, Ali Akbar Sabouri³, Taher Nejad sattari¹

1. Department of Physiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

2. Meloullar Genetics, Tarbiyat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

3. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Tyrosinases are widely distributed in nature. Melanin synthesis in mammals in catalyzed by three enzymes, Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) and Tyrosinase – related proteins (tyrps) 1 and 2. Tyrosinase is essential enzyme in melanin biosynthesis that catalyses the rate-limiting generation of L-dopa quinone from L- Tyrosine and is also able to oxidize L- dopa to L-dopaquinine. Mutation of Tyrosinase often decreases melanin production resulting in albinism. The availability of crystallographic data shows two histidine- rich regions named CuA and CuB are the peptidic segments involved in binding the two coppers. A loop containing residues M374, S 375 and V 377 connects the CuA and CuB centers. This loop is essential for the stability of the enzime. In this study, cDNA sequence coding for human tyrosinase was synthesized and the cDNA was cloned in pET28b (+). Site- directed mutagenesis was used to replacement of M374 by Aspartic acid. The single M374Asp mutation lead to local perturbation of the protein matrix at the active site affecting the orientation of the H367 side chain, that may be able to bind CuB, resulting in gain of activity.

[Behzadi R, Ne1ad sattari T, Sadeghizadeh M, Mousavi Movahedi Aa, Sabouri Aa. The Gain of human tyrosinase DOPA oxidase activity in artificial M374 Asp mutant. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):194-198] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.28

Key Words: Tyrosinase, mammalian, mutation, active site

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Investigation of factors of relationship marketing in Mellat bank and relationship to customers’ satisfaction

Mohsen Yahyapoor, Mehdi Amozad Mahdiraji, Maysam Bahadori

MSc. Industrial management,and member of Young Researcher Club Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran (Corresponding Author). Email: Myahyapoor@Yahoo.Com

[1] MSc. Industrial management, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran.

[1] MSc. Industrial management, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran.

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors of relationship marketing and their relationship with customer satisfaction in the Mellat bank. The present study is a survey method that has been done. The statistical population of his research is 160 persons of the Mellat bank customers of the east branch of Mazandaran province. Standardized questionnaire was used for data collection and a questionnaire based on the studies is desirable from the validity and reliability point of view. The collected data were analyzed by spss software and Spearman correlation test was used for this purpose. The results show that the trust, interaction, communication, linking, empathy and common value have a relationship with the customers’ satisfaction of the Mellat bank services.

 [Yahyapoor M, Amozad Mahdiraji M, Bahadori M. Investigation of factors of relationship marketing in Mellat bank and relationship to customers’ satisfaction. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):199-203] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 29

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.29

Key words: Relationship marketing, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, Common values, empathy

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The Impact of Climatic Comfort in Urban Tourism Development Case study: Gorgan city, GOLESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Dr. Sadroddin Motevalli, assistant professor, department of geography, IAU, Nour Branch

Navid Yaghoubzadeh, PhD Candidate, Geography and Urban Planning, IAU, Malayer Branch, Email: N_yaghoubzadeh@ymail.com

Ali Sheikh Azami, PhD Candidate, Geography and Urban Planning, IAU, Malayer Branch, Lecturer Department of Geography, University of Payamenoor, member of iranian geographical association, Email: ashan_85@yahoo.com

Abstract: According to estimates done, a city with a growing tourism industry faces that affect climate on a large part of its capacity. This paper is to use documentary studies and methods quantity, based on meteorological statistics, 26 years old bring tourism climatic comfort index for Gorgan. Purpose of TCI indicators in different time periods have been used to describe the climatic situation in Gorgan. The results show that, with respect to the peak travel time in Iran, Gorgan best time to travel primarily in July and first half of April is and this is the second time in September.

[Motevalli S, Yaghoubzadeh N, Sheikh Azami A. The Impact of Climatic Comfort in Urban Tourism Development Case study: Gorgan city, GOLESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):204-210] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 30

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.30

Key words: Urban Tourism, development, Climate Comfort, TCI, Gorgan

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Interaction of supply and demand in the tourism system

Mahmood Reza Shirazi

Abstract: Tourism system activities are taken place in the form of interaction between supply and demand. Various services and facilities are involved in supplying tourism products. Settlements, camps, restaurants and food service, various parks, recreation and sports facilities, on the other hand, there are many factors that affects a destination selection by tourists such as economic, social and cultural circumstance. Generally, two groups of factors are effective on the process of activities in this system. The one is legal and governmental structures which is influential in whole tourism process in supply and demand sections. The other effective factor is travelling agents and distribution channel that communicate with tourists. Of course the economic condition in countries is very important in creating movement and investment in tourism. Some experts believe that countries with per capita incomes (GDP) less than three thousand dollars cannot have much movement in tourism system. So they needed foreign investment. This paper attempts to explain the mutual role of supply and demand in tourism.

[Mahmood Reza Shirazi. Interaction of supply and demand in the tourism system. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):211-215]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 31

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.31

Keywords: Tourism system, Supply and demand, life cycle, attractions, transportation, residences

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A Study of the Rate of Social Capital in the Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Azad University of Kerman

Zinat Ravangard¹،Badri Shahtalebi² and Mohsen Zamani Cheryani³

¹Student of M.A. in Azad university of Khoorasgan (Isfahan), a member of the Young Researchers Club, The Educative Sciences Faculty, Isfahan, Iran

²Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

³Department of Educational Sciences,Kkhorasgan(Isfahan)Branch,Islamic Azad University Isfahan,Iran

Abstract: The goal of the present study was to investigate the rate of social capital in the Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Azad University of Kerman. The statistic population consisted of all the faculty members of the three universities which counted 850 persons altogether. Of these, using the random sampling method, a suitable group of 265 persons were selected for the present study. The tool used for collecting the data was a standard Social Capital Questionnaire developed by Nahapit and Ghoshal (1998) considering cognitive and structural and communicative aspects. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions whose reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the social capital questionnaire was 0/82. In other to assess the validity of the questionnaire, the formal validity method was selected. for analysing the collected data of the study, the descriptive statistics including: frequency, mean and standard deviation and deductive statistics including ANOVA and post hoc test were used. The result of the analyzed data revealed that the average social capital in the Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Azad University of Kerman is 3.70 compared to a presupposed average of 3. Therefore, the average of social capital in all three universities is below average. Moreover, the results indicated that social capital is also lower than the average in cognitive, structural and communicative aspects. There was not a significant difference between social capital rates in terms of gender, age, education status, work experience, employment status and the university.

[Zinat Ravangard،Badri Shahtalebi and Mohsen Zamani Cheryani. A Study of the Rate of Social Capital in the Medical Sciences University, Shahid Bahonar University, and Azad University of Kerman. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):216-224]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 32

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.32

Key words: Social Capital, Cognitive Capital, Structural Capital, Communicative Capital, University

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Economic and environmental impacts of CO₂ tax in Iran

Farzaneh Taheri ¹, Reza Moghaddasi ¹ and Seyed Nematollah Mousavi²

1-Department of Agricultural Economics, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran

2-Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Corresponding Author: Taheri_f@yahoo.com

Abstract: Emission tax is an environment protecting policies in economy context. This study also aims at investigating economic and environmental impacts of emission taxation levied on CO₂ emitted from fuel and production process in Iran. To get the objective a computable general equilibrium framework based on the Iranian social accounting matrix of 1999 was used. CO₂ is taxed based on World Bank (2004) estimated damage cost. The results show that tax policy impact on emission and macroeconomic variables depend on whether energy subsidies are reformed. CO₂ tax is more effective in emission reduction after energy subsidy reform while implementing it at the presence of energy subsidies does not induce significant effects.

[Farzaneh Taheri, Reza Moghaddasi and Seyed Nematollah Mousavi. Economic and environmental impacts of CO₂ tax in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):225-232]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 33

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.33

Keyword: Economic, Environmental, Impacts, CO₂ Tax.

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Predicting the Price of Fruit Using Neural-fuzzy and ARIMA Systems

Ebrahim Abdi¹, Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir² and azimi Aran³*

¹Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

²Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

E-mail:mirbagheri_hir@yahoo.com

³Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Azim Aran

Abstract: Using the two models of neural-fuzzy and ARIMA network the present research is to predict the price of different kinds of fruits (yellow apple, red apple and banana) in Ardebil province. For this purpose related data for the price of these fruits during the time period July, 2007 – August, 2010 has been used. Results from the research show that neural-fuzzy network model has offered better results than ARIMA model in predicting the price of under consideration fruits and has been able to predict future procedure of the price of these items with less error compared to ARIMA model.

[Ebrahim Abdi, Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir and azimi Aran. Predicting the Price of Fruit Using Neural-fuzzy and ARIMA Systems. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):233-249] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 34

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.34

key words: prediction, prices of protein items, neural-fuzzy networks, auto regressive moving average

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An empirical investigation of the relationship between the learning organization and transformational leadership in civil industries in Iran

Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri¹, Ali joker² and Reza Esmailabadi³

¹Department of Art and Architecture, Rudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran

 ²Senior lecturer and Instructor of Shahid Sattari Aviation University, Tehran, Iran

³Department of Civil Engineering, Rudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding Author: abbas4646@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: The external environment for many companies nowadays is characterized by turbulence associated with globalization, changing customers and investor demands, increasing product market competition, technology growth, considering knowledge and learning as the main assets of organizations and rapid increasing change and chaos. Some management sages advocated new “generative transformational” forms of learning to deal with an external reality in which everything is constantly evolving or “becoming”. These assumptions rise to the notion of learning organization. However, examining the relationship between learning organization dimensions and other organizational elements makes it possible to draw on suitable strategies in order to improve learning. The population of the research consists of 950 people of managers of the companies of civil industries in Iran. A sample of 295 subjects was selected as statistical sampling. The findings of the present research illustrate that there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and learning organization dimensions. In addition, this research shows a significant relationship between transformational leadership and three dimensions (among 7 dimensions) of learning organization (LO), which consist of "continuous learning", "team learning", and "embedded system". In considering the triple levels of learning organization, the results illustrate a significant relationship between transformational leadership and two levels (group and organizational).

[Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri, Ali joker and Reza Esmailabadi. An empirical investigation of the relationship between the learning organization and transformational leadership in civil industries in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):250-255 ]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 35

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.35

Keywords: organizational learning, learning organization dimensions, transformational leadership, continuous learning, team learning, embedded system

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The Effect of Perceived Justice Dimensions on Satisfaction, Perceived Quality and Trust as Factors Influencing Loyalty in a Situation of Failure Recovery in Retail

Kamal Ghalandari

Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Corresponding Author: E-Mail: kamal.ghalandari@gmail.com; Mobile: 0098-9141885288

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of perceived justice dimensions on satisfaction, perceived quality and trust of consumer as factors influencing loyalty in a situation of failure recovery in retail. Totally, 400 questionnaires were distributed to university students, that 380 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, which the results from analysis of them based on structural equation modeling (SEM) show that distributive justice and Interactional justice have a positive relationship with satisfaction, perceived quality and consumers’ trust; Also, consumers satisfaction, perceived value, consumer switching Costs, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty have a positive relationship with loyalty. It is for retail managers to identify how their actions during Failure Recovery resemble the characteristics of this study, in order to minimize the negative influences that affect the antecedents of consumer Loyalty.

[Kamal Ghalandari. The Effect of Perceived Justice Dimensions on Satisfaction, Perceived Quality and Trust as Factors Influencing Loyalty in a Situation of Failure Recovery in Retail. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s): 256-264]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 36

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.36

Keywords: Failure Recovery, Loyalty, Perceived Justice Dimensions, Perceived Quality, Retail, Satisfaction, Trust.

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Study of Factors Influencing Loyalty of Iranian E-Shop Customers: Role of E-Shop Quality, E-Trust and E-Satisfaction of Customers

Kamal Ghalandari

Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Corresponding Author: E-Mail: kamal.ghalandari@gmail.com; Mobile: 0098-9141885288

Abstract: Purpose of present study is to provide an applied model in order to identify factors influencing loyalty formation process in e-shop customers and in the pattern presented for it e-loyalty process is divided in to three cognitive, affective and conative phases. E-loyalty (electronic loyalty) refers to consistent and stable support from e-customers and tries to address loyalty issue in electronic environments. This word implies combination of two domains i.e. information technology (IT) in Internet space and loyalty concept in behavioral topics and study of it requires paying attention to both domains simultaneously. Totally, 350 questionnaires were distributed to customers of e-shops operating in computer business that 267 questionnaires were used for the final analysis; then, research model was fitted and after fitting it employing LISREL software, research questions were examined and finally factors of e-satisfaction, e-trust and e-shop quality were identified as indicators influencing e-loyalty.

[Kamal Ghalandari. Study of Factors Influencing Loyalty of Iranian E-Shop Customers: Role of E-Shop Quality, E-Trust and E-Satisfaction of Customers. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):265- 273]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 37

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.37

Keywords: E-Loyalty, E-Satisfaction, E-Shop Quality, E-Trust

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Review State of Water Energy in Iran

Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari¹, Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh², Mohammad Reza Asadi³, Masoumeh Shir Ali⁴,

Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan³

1- Department of Agricultural, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

2- Department of Economics, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

3- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

4- Department of English Language, Buinzahra branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

 Corresponding Author: Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran

Email: ranjbarkohan61@yahoo.com

Abstract: Energy is a fundamental requirement for continuous economic development and provisioning of welfare and peace. Energies coming from natural processes which renew continually are called renewable energies. There are different kinds of renewable energies, these energies don’t pollute environment, and will be very important for future world. Hence, this research studies and assesses the status of water energy in Iran, as one kind of renewable energies. For this purpose, studies have been conducted on the capacity of the power plants established, those in the process of establishment, or those planned to be established and other pertinent projects.

[Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari, Fatemeh Mohagheghzadeh, Mohammad Reza Asadi, Masoumeh Shir Ali, Mohammad Ranjbar Kohan. Review State of Water Energy in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):274-276]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 38

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.38

Keywords: Renewable Energy -Water Energy- Power Plant- Iran

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Evaluation of different alfalfa genotypes to drought stress and selection drought

tolerant genotypes

Rahmati Hoshang *¹ and Farshadfar Mohsen ²

1- Department Of Agriculture Payame nor University,Po Box19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

2- Department Of Agriculture Payame nor University,Po Box19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

Corresponding: Hoshang.Rahmati@yahoo.com

Abstract: Forage plants play an important role in animal feed and subsequently in human life. Water is the most limiting factor in plant growth and crop production. Therefore study on drought tolerant genotypes in arid and semi arid regions like Iran is significant. Alfalfa as one of the most important forage plants needs to high among of water during growing stages. On the other hand optimum irrigation leads to increase in crop yield. In this study 12 different alfalfa (Medicago sativa) genotypes were evaluated in response to drought tolerance. Alfalfa genotypes were considered as first factor and three osmotic potential (0, -0.4 and -0.8 Mpa) were considered as second factor in factorial arrangement experiment based on completely randomized design. Alfalfa seeds were germinated on Petri dishes under controlled conditions. Germination percentage, germination rate and germination vigor index were calculated. The results showed that ES178 genotype was superior genotypes regarding germination rate, germination percentage and germination vigor index. In addition, there was significant and positive correlation.

[Rahmati Hoshang and Farshadfar Mohsen. Evaluation of different alfalfa genotypes to drought stress and selection drought tolerant genotypes. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):277-282] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 39

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.39

Keywords: alfalfa, germination, polyethylene glycol, germination vigor index, stress level

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The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Creativity of Female High School Students Tehran City

Faranak Qudsi

phD stdent of Social Psychology, teacher of university of Pardis Modares,Sanandaj.iran

faranakghodsi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The current study aim is identifying of relation between EQ and creativity of girl high school students of Tehran city in academic year 2008-2009. To achieve the objective of the research, among 417 students, 214 of them were selected as sample group according to Morgan table stratified random method. The instruments used in this research are including Bar On emotional intelligence inventory and creativity inventory of Jamal Abedi. The research method is survey and Pearson’s correlation component is used for data analysis. The results of the research show that considering significance level ( P £0/01) and the obtained Pearson coefficient R= 0.562, there is significant and positive relation between EQ and creativity of students. Thus, it is concluded that there is positive and significant relation between 15 components of EQ and creativity of students. This study used a case study design with study sample consists of 52 counseling teachers were selected as respondents. This study was carried out quantitatively by using a questionnaire as an instrument to obtain data. The study showed that the majority of respondents have a moderate level of emotional intelligence (3.41), while the level of skills competency and personal development is at a high level (4.93). In addition, the relationship of emotional intelligence (self awareness, self control, self motivation, empathy and social skills) with the skills competency has a medium strong significant relationship (0.65). Meanwhile a relationship of emotional intelligence (self awareness, self control, self motivation, empathy and social skills) with personal development also has a strong moderate significant relationship (0.67). Implications of the study found out that in an effort to improve the quality of guidance and counseling services in schools, the high command of emotional intelligence should be strengthened in order to increase the skills competency and personal development among counseling teachers.

[Faranak Qudsi. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Creativity of FemaleHigh School Students Tehran City. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):283-291] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 40

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.40

Key words: Emotional intelligence; counseling teachers; personal development.

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Optimal control of an epidemic model of leptospirosis with time delay

Syed farasat saddiq¹, Muhammad Altaf Khan², Saeed Islam², Gul Zaman³, Naeam Khalid¹

Syed Inayat Ali Shah¹, Zahor-ul-Haq⁴

¹Department of Mathematics, Islamia College University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

²Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

³Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

⁴Department of Management sciences, Abdul Wali khan university, Mardan Pakistan.

altafdir@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a leptospirosis epidemic model with nonlinear incidences by applying the optimal control techniques and time delay. First we formulate the control epidemic model with time delay and using the control of the infected host. We want to control the infection in the population and maximize the recovered population. For the eradication of the infection, we use two control variables, to minimize the infection and maximize the population of susceptible and recovered individuals. Find the existence of the control problem and then we characterize the optimal control problem by using the well known method of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The numerical simulation of both the system was solved by using the backward RungeKutta order four schemes for the solution of the problem numerically..

[Syed farasat saddiq, Muhammad Altaf Khan, Saeed Islam, Gul Zaman, Naeam Khalid, Syed Inayat Ali Shah, Zahor-ul-Haq. Optimal control of an epidemic model of leptospirosis with time delay. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):292-298] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 41

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.41

Keywords: Leptospirosis, Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, Time Delay, Optimal control, Numerical simulations

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Effect of Night Shift work on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases a Historical Cohort study

Seyedeh Negar Assadi

Specialist in Occupational Medicine, Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

E-Mail: assadin@mums.ac.ir

Abstract: Cardiovascular disorders can cause disability or death, screening is helpful specially in workers who had risk factors. Night shift work is one of the occupational risk factors for cardiovascular disorders. Objective was the effects of night shift work on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in shift workers. In a historical cohort study, workers who had night shift and who hadn’t night shift selected and cardiovascular disorders risk factors had been followed for five years and gathered then data analyzed in SPSS with mean, t-test, linear regression with P<0.05. 1000 workers had been participated in the historical cohort study, all of the cardiovascular disorders risk factors were in the normal range. In worker group with night shift, in comparison of variables between worker who work less than 15 years and worker with 15 years or more; age, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein had significant difference. In linear regression worker group with night shift, at first age, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were significant after enter age less than 40 years; diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were significant at the end with enter age 40 years or more none of them were significant. Diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol maybe increased with night shift. Screening of cardiovascular disorders risk factors were important and helpful in night shift workers for early diagnosis of disorders.

[Seyedeh Negar Assadi. Effect of Night Shift work on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases a Historical Cohort study. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):299-307] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 42

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.42

Keywords: Night shift work, Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors.

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“The rural management’s role in sample cases village development”: (Behshahr County)

Abbas Bagheri ^1, Dr. Nasrollah Molaie², Dr. Teimour Amarhaji shirkia³

^1. Collegian of PHD degree in Geography rural management block Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University,Rasht, Iran

^2. The eight lecturer of Geography rural management block, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University,Rasht, Iran

^3. Assistant of Geography rural management block Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

Abstract: Today’s society is a systemic society and is like a social organization. It has been created from the beginning of the creation and will continue till the end of life. Management is a main column and inseparable rural development, because lack of suitable and organized management in rural area, in general, and rural management in specific concept, will confront the rural development plans with lots of problems. During the previous decade or even the current hundred years the rural management in Iran has been one of the most important and the sensitive problems and challenges of planers and experts in political-social-economical-and cultural dimensions. These challenges can be searched in some cases like: ignorance of theoretical principles, lack of unified rural management, lack of stable financial resources- the local’s fade entirety- teaching the man power situation- equipments and installations unavailability and so on. This research’s goal is to nominate the local management’s role in rural development. The research’s statistical population: 37 Dehyar (a person who works in a very small county unit) - 35 Islamic council chairman and 370 rural family caretakers, in Behshahr county villages. It is a practical research; the research method is scaling and descriptive-analysis which is Information collecting method as the library way by using questionnaire designed in the Likert spectrum; the research question has been analyzed in SPSS software. The results shows that by notice the significant level (SIG) which is less than alpha level (0.05), there would be a significant relationship between the local management position and the rural development in Behshahr county villages. Also by deliberation on the Spierman correlation coefficient among association index, the women position, the constant development, convergence, there is a kind of cohesion significant which is directly complete in the statistical population and by utilization from the installation method in the way of Behshahr villages ranking, Zaghmarz, Amirabad, Gorji mahaleh, Altapeh, yekeh toot, are enjoys the most local management position by sequence and villages like Lojande, Lend, Pejim, Tazeh Abad, and Ghariib Mahaleh are having the less local management position.

[Abbas Bagheri^, Dr. Nasrollah Molaie, Dr. Teimour Amarhaji shirkia. “The rural management’s role in sample cases village development”: (Behshahr County). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):308-316] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 43

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.43

Keywords: management-local management-village-rural development-Behshahr county.

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Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Ovary tissue Apoptosis after exposed with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in Rats

Arash Khaki¹*, Amir Afshin Khaki¹, Afshin Zahedi²

1- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht-Iran

Abstract: Medicinal use of basil, Ocimum basilicum, dates back to ancient times in Iran, China, and India. This herb has been used since ancient times as a medicine and food and it is known that the antioxidant effect of O. basilicum is beneficial to protect tissue and decreasing carcinogenic effect of EMF, so it was hypothesized that this herb might also provide protection ovarian tissue from reactive oxygen spaces (ROS). Female wistar rats (n = 40) were allocated to four groups, a control group (n = 10) and three treatment groups (n = 30). The first treatment group received O. basilicum extract (1.5 g/kg body weight), the second extract group received O. basilicum extract (1.5 g/kg body weight) and EMF exposure at 50 Hz for 40 consecutive days, whilst the third group received only EMF exposure for 40 consecutive days. At the conclusion of the test period rat ovary tissues were removed from all group members. Ovary tissue preparation was performed and analyzed for apoptosis. There was a significant increase in apoptosis in EMF group when compared with other groups (P<0.05). EMF has negative effect on ovary histology in rats by increasing ROS. However, these side effects are less seen in the EMF group that received O. basilicum extract. Therefore, it is recommended that usage of O. basilicum extract in modern country has fewer side effects of industrial as one of female cancer (ovary cancer) problems.

[Arash Khaki, Amir Afshin Khaki, Afshin Zahedi. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Ovary tissue Apoptosis after exposed with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in Rats. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):317-321] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.44

Key words: Apoptosis, ELF, EMF,Ocimum basilicum, ovary.

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Comparative Study of MRI and Operative Findings in Rotator Cuff Tears

Mohammad Hossein Daghighi¹, Alireza Rouhani², Masoud Poureisa³, Ali Sadighi⁴, Farnaz Hafez Quran⁵*, Masoumeh Ahmadi Mohtasham⁵

^1. Associate Professor, Head of Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

^2. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Shohada Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

^3. Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

^4. Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Shohada Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

^5. Resident of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

^*Corresponding author: Farnaz Hafez Quran (farnaz.hafez@gmail.com)

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of Rotator cuff (RC) tears. Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study at the Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on patients with shoulder pain, diagnostic accuracy of MRI in diagnosis of lesions in patients with suspected tearing of RC was evaluated. Results and Conclusion: 23(59%) of patients were male and 16(41%) were female. Mean age of the male patients was 52.21±6.8 years and in female patients was 53.18±7.3 years (P=0.674). The sensitivity of MRI in the diagnosis of rotator cuff lesions was 100% in Supraspinatus and 66.7% in Infraspinatus and Subscapularis lesions. The specificity of MRI in the diagnosis of rotator cuff lesions was 100% in the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus and 90% in Subscapularis tears.Generally, MRI had high sensitivity in the Supraspinatus, and high specificity in all rotator cuff muscles tears diagnosis.

[Daghighi MH, Rouhani A, Poureisa M, Sadighi A, Hafez Quran F, Ahmadi Mohtasham M. Comparative Study of MRI and Operative Findings in Rotator Cuff Tears. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):322-326] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 45

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.45

Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); Rotator Cuff (RC); Accuracy

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Determine the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Risk Factors in Depressed Retired population

Hamideh Jahangiri ¹, Alireza Norouzi ², Parirokh Dadsetan ³, Gholamreza Sarabi⁴

^1. Psychologist, Researcher, M.Sc of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Jahangirii.h@gmail.com, H_ jahangirii@yahoo.com

^2. Researcher of Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Alireza_1357norozi@yahoo.com

^3. Professor of Tehran University & Azad University, Department of Psychology, Tehran, Iran

ParirokhDadsetan@yahoo.com^, Pdad@azad.ac.ir

^4. MD, Department of Cardiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. g.sarabi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for nearly 50 percent of all deaths per year in Iran. Method: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of CAD risk factors in 300 Iranian depressed retired populations between ages of 50-70 years who were recruited with cluster random sampling. Demographic data and risk factors were determined by taking history, laboratory tests and physical examination. Results: Average age was 60.73. There was 162 females (54%) and 138 males(46%). 19(6.3%) of participants were diabetic, 36(12%) were smoker, and 63(21%) had positive familial heart disease history. 183(61%) had Total cholesterol level>200 mg/dl, 96 (32%) triglyceride>200 mg/dl, 142(47.3%) LDL-C>130 mg/dl, 16(5.3%) HDL-C<35 mg/dl, 41(13.67%) systolic blood pressure>140 mmHg, 27(9%) diastolic blood pressure>90 mmHg. Conclusion: The incidence of coronary artery disease is rapidly increasing, and risk factors such as Hypertension had the strongest association with CAD in our retired population. Medical treatment was recommended to the retired people.

[Hamideh Jahangiri, Alireza Norouzi, Parirokh Dadsetan, Gholamreza Sarabi. Determine the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Risk Factors in Depressed Retired population. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):327-334] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.46

Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Risk Factors, Elder Adults, Depressed Retired population

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Hyperferritinemia: A possible marker for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Mahnaz Abbasi¹, Maryam Sahebari², Azam Amini ^3, Massoud Saghafi^4*

¹Assistant Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

²Assistant Professor of Rheumatology, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

³Assistant Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran^.

⁴Associate Professor of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

 ^*Corresponding author: Massoud Saghafi (saghafi.m@mums.ac.ir)

Abstract: Objectives: Comparing the serum ferritin levels of patients with systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) during different phases of activity with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients as controls. Materials & Methods: Sixty SLE patients (56 females and 4 males) were divided into two groups marked as 1) low/no active (SLEDAI≤10) including 18 patients and 2) active (SLEDAI≥11) composed of 42 patients. Serum ferritin was determined in both SLE and control groups including 20 patients with OA and 20 with active RA (according to DAS28). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13.0. Results: Of 60 SLE patients, 61.7% had hyperferritinemia. Contrarily, only %5 and 15% of OA an RA patients showed elevated serum ferritin levels, respectively (P<0.001). In differentiating between SLE and RA, hyperferritinemia showed a specificity of 85% and a sensitivity of 61.6% with positive predictive value of 92.5% and negative predictive value of 42.5%. The mean ferritin titer in SLE patients was 2.7 times higher than normal value whereas it was 0.10 and 0.35times in OA and RA, respectively (P<0.001). Ferritin levels were elevated in 27 cases of active SLE and 10 of low/no active SLE but the difference was insignificant. Of SLE patients with nervous system involvement, all (6; 10%) had elevated level of serum ferritin (P<0.04).Conclusion: Hyperferritinemia is common in patients with SLE but in case of considerably high titers, the nervous system involvement should be considered. In women with polyarthritis, hyperferritinemia could be considered as a useful marker to differentiate between SLE and RA.

[Abbasi M, Sahebari M, Amini A, Saghafi M. Hyperferritinemia: A possible marker for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus? Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):335-337] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 47

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.47

Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ferritin, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Nervous system, SLE Disease Activity Index

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Applying design of experiments methods on studying the effect of preheat, the electrode diameter and sheet thickness on tensile strength for welded steel st37

Ali Mohammad Jafarpour¹, Heidar Amjadi¹, Hossein Amirkhani¹

^1. Islamic Azad University, Azarshahr Branch, Azarshahr, Iran

Tell: +98-0910-2911161

Abstract: In this paper, performing a practical project and using design of experiments method that is one of the most important tools in off line quality control, the effect of three factors, preheating, electrode diameter and thickness on tensile strength steel st37 has been investigated. Each of these factors has two levels that preheat in temperature 150°C and no applying preheat, electrode diameter 3.25 and 4 and sheet thickness 15 and 30 mm are considered. Accordingly, for data analysis, the statistical tools, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and different diagrams were used.

[Ali Mohammad Jafarpour, Heidar Amjadi, Hossein Amirkhani. Applying design of experiments methods on studying the effect of preheat, the electrode diameter and sheet thickness on tensile strength for welded steel st37. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):338-342] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 48

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.48

 Keywords: design of experiments (DOE), preheat, electrode diameter, sheet thickness

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Explaining the Effects of Institutional ownership and increased capital ratios on Return of the time Increased Capital Stock: Evidences of Iran's Capital Market

Maryam Goodarzi^1*, Jafar Nekounam², Nasrolla Amoozesh ³, Zahra Moeinfar ⁴

¹Department of Accounting, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

²Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, Daylam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Daylam, Iran

*Email: M.goodarzy88@yahoo.com, Tell: +98-09102911161

Abstract: According to this research, the effects of capital increasing on return and then the effects of increased capital ratios and percentages of institutional ownership on this relationship have been studied. Active companies in Iran's capital markets are considered as the statistical society during the period of 2003-2007 which is divided to capital increasing of cash receivable - demands and of the reserves. The results of the research indicate that companies which have capital increasing through their reserves between 0 and 50 percentage and the companies which have capital increasing through their cash receipts- demands upper 100 percentage, the positive returns have pursued the relationship between these two variables and institutional ownership has no effect. In the capital increasing of the cash receipts – demands 0 to 100 percentage, the study demonstrated there is not any relationship between variables.

[Goodarzi M, Nekounam J, Amoozesh N, Moeinfar Z. Explaining the Effects of Institutional ownership and increased capital ratios on Return of the time Increased Capital Stock: Evidences of Iran's Capital Market. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):343-349] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 49

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.49

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest

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New Application of Laplace Decomposition Algorithm For Quadrtic Riccati Differential Equation by Using Adomian's Polynomials

 Farhad Dastmalchi Saei, Fakhradin Misagh, Davoud Zahiri

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

E-Mail: dastmalchi@iaut.ac.ir, misagh@iaut.ac.ir, davoud.zahiri@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this paper, the quadratic Riccati differential equation is solved by Laplace decomposition algorithm (LDA) with considering Adomian's polynomials. This paper both describes the principle of LDA and discusses its advantages and drawbacks.

[Farhad Dastmalchi Saei, Fakhradin Misagh, Davoud Zahiri. New Application of Laplace Decomposition Algorithm For Quadrtic Riccati Differential Equation by Using Adomian's Polynomials. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):350-352] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 50

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.50

Keywords: Riccati equation; Laplace decomposition algorithm; Adomian decomposition method.

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The relationship between Profit Smoothing with Stock Return and Systematic Risk of the Accepted Firms in Tehran Securities Exchange (Bourse)

Mohammd Reza Eghbal

Department of Business Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Tell: +98-0910-2911161

Abstract: The investors, creditors and financial analysts would like to have more information about profit smoothing in investment receiving firms; specially, if this action affects on risk and return of the firm. Profit smoothing is a know ledge ably action to reduce the periodic changes of the real profit with pre-determined profit using accounting optional technics at the frame of accounting accepted principles. This is a study on the relation between profit smoothing with stock return and systematic risk of the productory factories was active from Farvardin in 1383 to Esfand in 1387 in Tehran securities exchange (bourse) and at least, their stock was traded for 40 months. It was analyzed monthly in the form of 13 industries and 252 companies. The assumption trial was studied and also was done in isolation of smoothing and non-smoothing firms using multivariable regression and the assumption trial of being meaningful the profit smoothing relation with stock profit and systematic risk of the firms at the entire sample.The results of the assumptions trial of this study, shows that in Tehran securities exchange, smoothing can't be considered as useful tools on stock return and systematic risk of the firms.

[Mohammd Reza Eghbal. The relationship between Profit Smoothing with Stock Return and Systematic Risk of the Accepted Firms in Tehran Securities Exchange (Bourse). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):353-359] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 51

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.51

Keywords: profit smoothing, systematic profit, smoothing firms, non-smoothing firms, stock return.

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Use of financial-behavior paradigm in company’s financial decision making

Zahra Moeinfar ¹, Zahra Mousavi ², Nasrolla Amoozesh ³, Jafar Nekounam⁴

^*1Department of Accounting, Daylam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Daylam, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

Email: zmoeinfar@yhaoo.com, Tell: +98-09102911161

Abstract: Financial behavior is an approach which concentrates on the explanation of knowledge by the financers for making decisions on financing. Financial behavior helps in understanding the financial markets and its participants through a new behavioral science (psychology and sociology). Presently, financial behavioral theories help in different ways such as assets pricing; and portfolio choosing and decision making processes that are very important. And financial discovery behavior decision also presents a real psychological explanation. Financial behavior has been applied for analysis of company’s financial decision making. Therefore in the present article financial behavior has been studied. Therefore, first we presented financial definition behavior and its models, then the relation between financial behavior and financing decision making in different areas such as virtual choice, technical analysis, foreign financing and financial budgeting have been shown. In the final chapter we present results and summary of content.

 [Moeinfar Z, Mousavi Z, Amoozesh N, Nekounam J. Use of financial-behavior paradigm in company’s financial decision making. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):360-364] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 52

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.52

Keywords: financial behavior, behavioral bias, foreign financing, technical analysis.

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A Study of The Relationship between Stress and Ergonomics in Shahrood’s Gas Company

¹ Golnar Shojaei (PH.D.), ² Malihe Hamzavi

¹Department of Management, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad Univarsity, Shahrood, Iran

² Public Administration Human Resource Management Student Orientation, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad Univarsity, Shahrood, Iran

²malihe.hamzavi@yahoo.com

Abstract: In today’s world, science has solved a major part of problems in different work systems. In the same direction there are sciences and technologies which study different aspects of health for human. One of them is ergonomics also known as human factors engineering. Ergonomics acts in four major branches, namely; occupational biomechanics, engineering psychology, anthropometry, and physiology. On the other hand job stress is the stress a specific individual undergoes in a specific job. In this definition there are many points: how experienced is the person (experienced or freshman), how powerful he acts towards existing situations and what kind of personality does they show in the workplace.Whereas there is definitely a relationship between job stress and ergonomics, regarding the principles of ergonomics could really decrease stress and also whereas in all Gas Companies all over the country there are ergonomic equipment but staff don’t know how to use them, the researcher has tried to study this problem in Shahrood’s Gas Company.Hypotheses: there is a relationship between ergonomics and stress. Occupational biomechanics (physical interaction between human and mechanical system around him, such as tables, chairs) and stress are related. Engineering psychology (noise, light) and stress are related. Anthropometric (body dimensions, including hands and feet) and stress are related. Physiological function (fatigue, work, and static and dynamic regimes' Work - Rest ") and stress are related. Sample size and population are identical and both equal 48 people. Data gathering tool are the stress questionnaire developed by Mr. Refiq Hassani and an ergonomics questionnaire developed by the author. Both questionnaires were assessed by the cronbach’s alpha to determine the reliability which for those questionnaires were 0.86 and 0.72 respectively. Kendall's tau correlation coefficient was used as the deductive statistical tool to analyze the data. In 5% level, Kendall tau’s test results show that there is no relationship between ergonomics and stress. Occupational biomechanics (physical interaction between human and mechanical system around him, such as tables, chairs) and stress are not related. Engineering psychology (noise, light) and stress are not related. Anthropometric (body dimensions, including hands and feet) and stress are not related.

[Golnar Shojaei, malihe.hamzavi. A Study of The Relationship between Stress and Ergonomics in Shahrood’s Gas Company. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):365-372] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 53

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.53

Keywords: Ergonomics, job stress, Shahrood’s Gas Company

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Genotype of giardia duodenalis isolates from humans using glultamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gens by PCRRFLP

Etemadi, Su¹, Sarani Ali Abadi, P. ² (MSN); Zahra Babaei³

¹ Lecturer, Dept. of Parasitology, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran S_etemadi@yahoo.com

²Lecturer, Dept. of Medical- Surgical Nursing, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran

³Assistant Professor Dept. of Parasitology and mycology, Kerman University of medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract: Aim and Background: Giardia lamblia (synonymous with Giardia duodenalis, Giardia intestinalis) is a protozoa intestinal flagellant which is the most common endemic and epidemic cause of diarrhea in all over the world. the main aim of this study is determining the genetic diversity of Giardia lamblia isolates using the PCR-RFLP method on the gdh (glutamate dehydrogenase gene) gene sequence in Kerman (southeastern of Iran), according to the prevalence of this unicellular in the region, we succeed to determine the genotype of numbers of Giardia lamblia isolates in infected patients. Materials and Methods: From 353 feces samples from patients with Giardiasis, approximately 50 samples was floated using sucrose by density gradient method and DNA was extracted successfully from the 30 of 50 samples using GLASS BEADS and QIAamp Stool Mini Kit, then the gdh gene was regenerated, after that 432bp fragment was appeared in PCR reaction, in following Giardia lamblia genotypes were separated by two restriction Enzyme. The results from the 30 samples tested indicated 60% (18) with “All” type assemblage, 16/6% (5) with “Al” type assemblage and 23/4% (7) with “Blll” type assemblage and necessary, it is worthy to say that the BIV type assemblage was not detected in this category.Conclusion: The PCR-RFLP is an advanced tool to determine the genotype which is used to identify the Giardia lamblia isolates which are identical morphologically and with several hosts. This molecular method assists us in determining the Giardia lamblia genotypes from direct feces samples of humans and domesticated animals.

[Etemadi, Su, Sarani Ali Abadi, P. (MSN); Zahra Babaei. Genotype of giardia duodenalis isolates from humans using glultamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gens by PCRRFLP. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):373-377] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.54

Keywords: genotype, Giardia duodenalis, glutamate dehydrogenase gene, pcr-rflp

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The relations among Changes in management accounting systems and business performance

¹Zinat mehrsa,²Arshad Farahmandian, ^3*Davood Gharakhani, ⁴Amid Pourghafar Maghferati

¹Department of Accounting, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Pz.bayat@gmail.com

²Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Email: farahmandyan@yahoo.com

 ^3*Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

⁴Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran Email:a_pourghafar@yahoo.com

Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

Abstract: Management accounting systems (MAS) play a decision-facilitating role through the generation and provision of information for managerial decision-making purposes. It has been suggested that the use of management accounting information is intended to enhance the quality of managerial decisions, resulting in better-informed action choices. This study examines the interactive effects of management accounting systems (MAS) and business performance. In the current study the change in MACS was found to be an important influential factor of business performance, which was evidenced by a significant direct association between the number of changes in MACS and business performance. This result suggests that more changes in MACS mean greater organizational capacity to build accurate and useful information for effective decision making processes, which in turn, will have a positive impact on business performance.

[Zinat mehrsa,Arshad Farahmandian,^*Davood Gharakhani,Amid Pourghafar Maghferati. The relations among Changes in management accounting systems and business performance. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):378-383] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 55

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.55

Keywords: management accounting, systems, business performance

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Agile manufacturing, Lean production, Just in Time systems and products quality improvement

^1*Davood Gharakhani, ²Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, ³Arshad Farahmandian, ⁴Rasol Nasiri

 ^1*Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran E-mail: Davoodgharakhany@yahoo.com

²Islamic Azad University, Fouman and Shaft Branch, Fouman, Iran Email:a_pourghafar@yahoo.com

³Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Email: farahmandyan@yahoo.com

⁴Department of management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

Davood Gharakhani (Corresponding author)

Abstract: Agile manufacturing (AM) is a new concept in manufacturing intended to improve the competitiveness of firms. Manufacturing processes based on AM are characterized by customer-supplier integrated process for product design, manufacturing, marketing, and support services. Agile manufacturing, a recently popularised concept, has been advocated as the 21st century manufacturing paradigm. Lean production not only successfully challenged the accepted mass production practices in the automotive industry, significantly shifting the trade-off between productivity and quality, but it also led to a rethinking of a wide range of manufacturing and service operations beyond the high-volume repetitive manufacturing environment. The implementation of Lean Production Systems is more than redesigning some production processes. Quality improvement (QI) of industrial products and processes requires collection and analyses of data to solve quality related manufacturing problems.

[Davood Gharakhani, Amid Pourghafar Maghferati, Arshad Farahmandian, Rasol Nasiri. Agile manufacturing, Lean production, Just in Time systems and products quality improvement. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):384-388] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.56

Keywords: Agile manufacturing, Lean production, Just in Time systems, Quality Improvement

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A follow- up study of the male and female B.S. graduates of the department of exceptional children in school of education at Shiraz University concerning their views about importance and effectiveness of the implemented curriculum in academic years 2002-2006

Behtash Khoshbakht¹, Sara jafari², Mohsen Khademi³, Zeinab Sadeghi^4*

^1. Ph.D student of Educational Administration, National University of Tajikestan, Tajikestan

^2. MA of Educational Administration, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

^3. Assistant professor & faculty of Educational Administration, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

^4. Ph.D student of Educational Administration, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: zeinab_sadeghi1291@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to pursue the views of male and female graduates of the department of exceptional children in school of Education at Shiraz University concerning the importance and effectiveness of the courses offered. The Population consisted of 137 male and female graduates, Therefore all were followed up. In order to gather the needed data, researchers self made scale was used. All courses were classified into 9 (nine) different categories of knowledge and skills. Statistical T test for independent groups was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference amongst the views of male and female graduates concerning the importance of the two categories of teaching and psychological knowledge and skills. There was also a significant difference found concerning the effectiveness of the two categories of teaching and research knowledge and skills.

[B. Khoshbakht, S. jafari, M. Khademi, Z. Sadeghi. A follow- up study of the male and female B.S. graduates of the department of exceptional children in school of education at Shiraz University concerning their views about importance and effectiveness of the implemented curriculum in academic years 2002-2006. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):389-391] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 57

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.57

Keywords: graduates, importance and effectiveness of the implemented curriculum, Exceptional Children, Shiraz University.

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The effect of Hydro-priming on Germination of Mustard Seeds under Draught Stress Conditions

Tofigh Taherkhani^1*, Navid Rahmani ², Alireza Pazoki³

^1. Young Researchers Club and Elite, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^*Corresponding author: tofightaherkhani@yahoo.com, Tell: +98-0910-2911161

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of seed priming beside draught stress on mustard plant, an experiment was conducted in Agriculture Faculty Research Laboratory of Takestan University as a 4-replication Split-factorial layout within completely randomized plan in laboratory conditions in 2012. This experiment was composed of two seed priming levels (priming and no priming) and 5 drought stress levels (0.00, -1.50, -3.00, -4.50 and -6.00 bar). To create these stress levels, crystalline polyethylene glycol 6000 was used as solute. The results showed that seed priming has a meaningful effect on germination percentage, germination rate and sidling vigor index in 1% significance level. Also they indicated that drought stress has a significant effect on germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index, coleoptile length, radicle length and seedling dry weight. Mutual effect of priming and drought stress on germination percentage, seedling vigor index, radicle length and seedling dry weight was significant such that maximum radicle length (92.75mm), seedling dry weight (0.53gr), germination percentage (83%), germination rate (8.35d) and seedling vigor index (14.91) was obtained. The results showed that the stress could decrease measured parameters but in drought stress conditions, seed priming could increase germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index, radicle length and seedling dry weight.

[Taherkhani T, Rahmani N, Pazoki A. The effect of Hydro-priming on Germination of Mustard Seeds under Draught Stress Conditions. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):392-395] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 58

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.58

Keywords: Seed priming, Drought stress, Polyethylene glycol, Mustard, germination

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The strategic importance of the Middle East in future approach of NATO

NASSER ESKANDARI

Abstract: Position importance of the Middle East isn’t only limited to its strategic position. Although after Soviet decline geostrategic value of this place has been decreased. But regarding to change in nature of power relation in the international system that it may displace the light policies based on the economical power in the acute policies based on the military force, the geopolitical situation of the Middle East has been changed and as it was before, this geographical area is valuable for the industrial world. So in the past and now conditions, the great part of the ultra-regional reaction of this area with the great powers has been from this position. Features and advantages have provided presence, influence and interference of powers in this area and caused to prolong the disputes and crisis. Terrorism has provided this opportunity and also threat for NATO to explain another identity. The security environment change and the new actors appearance in the international system need to create the quantitative and qualitative changes in NATO structure and using its ability to create changes in strategic areas of different points of world. The Middle East is one of the strategic areas that have an important role in collecting the future strategies.

[NASSER ESKANDARI. The strategic importance of the Middle East in future approach of NATO. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):396-402] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 59

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.59

Keywords: strategic situation of the Middle East, NATO, NATO approach to the Middle East, future strategy of NATO, terrorism, security

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Impact of Industrial Policy on Small Scale Industries: A Cluster Analysis

G. Barani ¹, N.V. Poovendhiran ²

^1. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre, Coimbatore – 641047. Tamilnadu-State, India.

^2. Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Anna University Regional Centre, Coimbatore – 641047, Tamilnadu-State, India.

poovendhirannv@yahoo.com

Abstract: Small Scale Industries (SSI) is a boom for new business entrepreneurs. In India many business leaders are stars of their business from small scale industries. In general, many people and committees have proved that, small business policies are effective one. The Government of Tamilnadu announced several schemes for the upliftment of SSI in the State, in its industrial policy, 2011-12. However, there is a need to find the effective type of support provided by the government. This paper is an attempt to identify the effectiveness of the policy in promotion and development of SSI, and it’s suitability to the enterprise.

[G. Barani, N.V. Poovendhiran. Impact of Industrial Policy on Small Scale Industries: A Cluster Analysis. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):403-408]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 60

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.60

Key Words: Small Scale Industry; industrial Policy; policy support; MSME Act.

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Investigation of Factors Affecting the International Trade of Agricultural Products in Developing Countries

Parisa Khaligh Khiyavi ¹, Reza Moghaddasi ², Saeed Yazdani ³

^1. Ph.D Candidate, Department of Agricultural Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

^2. Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

^3. Professor at the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Iran.

p.khaligh@srbiau.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper investigates effective factors on agriculture in international trade on developing countries include Iran, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, Brazil, Indonesia, Kenya, Venezuela, Tunisia, Romania, Chile and Mexico using the Gravity Equation (GE) models and panel data for the period between 1991 and 2009. The empirical findings showed that trade in agricultural products were influenced by the growth of the market size of both the exporting and importing country. Per capita income of the importing country () was statistically significant and positive (0.01) for the case of agricultural products in developed countries, but negative (-0.68) and also statistically significant for the coefficient of per capita income of the exporting country trade ().

 [Khaligh Khiyavi P, Moghaddasi R, Yazdani S. Investigation of Factors Affecting the International Trade of Agricultural Products in Developing Countries. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):409 -414] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 61

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.61

Keywords: Agriculture trade, International trade, gravity model, regional trade agreements, home market effect, homogenous products.

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Effects of osmotic stress on alfalfa germination and determine superior genotypes with regard to radicle and shoot length using polyethylene glycol

Rahmati Hoshang *¹ and Farshadfar Mohsen ²

1- Department Of Agriculture Payame nor University,Po Box19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

2- Department Of Agriculture Payame nor University,Po Box19395-3697 Tehran, Iran

Corresponding: Hoshang.Rahmati@yahoo.com

Abstract: Consider to critical role of pastures in soil erosion prevention providing livestock forage we evaluated osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol on alfalfa germination and determined superior genotypes in response to the stress. Experimental design was completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications. Twelve alfalfa genotypes were considered as min factor and different osmotic stresses (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa) were considered as second factor. Different osmotic potential was imposed using polyethylene glycol 6000. Alfalfa seeds were placed in 9 cm Petri dishes and put in germinator under controlled conditions. In this study, germination percentage, shoot and radicle length, germination stress index and radicle number were measured. There was significant variation between studied traits at 0.01 probability level. In addition, there was significant difference between osmotic stress level and genotypes. The highest shoot length was observed from KR2197 genotypes. On the other hand, KR2197 and ES058 produced the longest radicles. Furthermore, we found positive and significant correlation between studied traits. The highest germination stress index was related to ES0178 and ES008. In conclusion, ES0178, ES058 and KR 2421 genotypes were known as superior genotypes compared with other genotypes.

[Rahmati Hoshang and Farshadfar Mohsen. Effects of osmotic stress on alfalfa germination and determine superior genotypes with regard to radicle and shoot length using polyethylene glycol. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):415-419]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 62

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.62

Keywords: Alfalfa, Germination, Polyethylene glycol, Germination stress index, Radicle and shoot length

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Eluding and Explanatory Descriptions in Quran

Javad Sadoun Zadeh¹, Sohad Jaderi² Ebrahim Yaghobi³ morad ali valadbigi4

¹Dr. Javad Sadounzadeh – Department of Arabic Language, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

2Dr. Sohad Jaderi - Department of Arabic Language, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

³ Ph.D.student history Yerevan.. Islamic Azad University, Ilam Campus, Ilam, Iran E-mail: dr.ye.1391@gmail.com.

4 student.ph.D.arabic Language Department Islamic azad University Abadan. iran

Abstract: This paper examines eluding and explanatory descriptions of Quran. It elaborates on these two descriptive types by offering examples from Quran verses. Eluding and explanatory descriptions are two styles used in many Quran verses. These two styles encourage further interoperations and deeper thinking into the real meanings hidden in the proposed concepts.

[Javad Sadoun Zadeh, Sohad Jaderi morad ali valid bigi.and Ebrahim Yaghobi. Eluding and Explanatory Descriptions in Quran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):420-422]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 63

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.63

Keywords: Description, Eluding, Explanatory, Quran

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Effect of early Skin-to-skin contact of mother and newborn on mother's satisfaction

Javad Khalatbari¹, Ehteram ghasemabadi², Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi²

¹Department of Psychology, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, Iran

²Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

Abstract: The first minutes after birth are a very vulnerable period for both mother and newborn. The care that is provided during this time is critical to improve their longer-term health. Mother- infant Skin to skin contact immediately after birth creates an optimal environment for the adaptation of newborn infants to extra uterine life and should be a routine method in hospitals. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of skin to skin contact between newborn and mother immediately after birth on mother’s satisfaction in Taleghani hospital in Arak on 2008–2009. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed to study the effect of early skin –to- skin contact between mother and newborn. 80 pairs of newborns and their mothers who delivered in Taleghani hospital Arak, Iran were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups (skin to skin contact and routine care). In skin-to-skin contact group, immediately after birth naked newborns were placed in prone position on skin contact with their mothers and in routine care group newborns were placed in cot under warmer. A questionnaire was used to assess mothers’ satisfaction. In the end of breastfeeding mothers’ satisfaction were assessed. Data were collected by a questionnaire, which included questions about the mothers’ satisfaction with the care they received during labor and their tendency to skin to skin contact in future. The validity of questionnaire was determined by content validity method and reliability was obtained by internal consistency (consistency coefficient 0.90). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: A larger proportion of mothers in skin to skin contact group were very satisfied (70%) and satisfied (20%) with their care, and a larger proportion of mothers in routine care group were very unsatisfied (35%) and unsatisfied (35%).There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their tendency for skin-to-skin contact in future. Conclusion: Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn results in mother’s satisfaction.

[Javad Khalatbari, Ehteram ghasemabadi, Shohreh Ghorbanshirodi. Effect of early Skin-to-skin contact of mother and newborn on mother's satisfaction. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):423-425] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 64

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.64

Keywords: Mother infant skin to skin contact, mother satisfaction

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Correlation of F2 Isoprostanes and antioxidants of serum in the horses with strangles

Ali Hassanpour^1*, Mansoor Khakpour² and Bahram Amoughli Tabrizi¹

1- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*: corresponding author email: alihassanpour2000@yahoo.com or A_hasanpour@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: This study was conducted on horses with strangles for evaluation serum concentration of F2 Isoprostaneses(F2IP) and antioxidants (Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase(CAT), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Vitamin E (Vit E), Vitamin C (Vit C) and Selenium (Se)). 10 horses confirmed on the bases of clinical and laboratory signs of strangles. Blood samples tacked from jugular vein and separated serum. Sampling performed from 8 healthy horses with similar ages, feed and condition, too. Serum concentrations of HB, F2IP, Vit E, Vit C, Se, TAC and serum’s activity of GPx, SOD and CAT enzymes measured in the samples. There was a negative correlation between F2IP and serum’s antioxidants in two groups, which antioxidants decreased in the serum with increasing of F2IP. The correlation between MDA with GPx, CAT, TAC, Vit E, Se and HB was significant in the patient group (p<0.05) and was not significant with SOD and Vit C. In the healthy group these correlations were significant in GPx, SOD, CAT and TAC (p<0.05) but no significant in Vit E, Vit C, Se and HB. In conclusion, there was an oxidative stress in the horses with strangles and oxidants use in compare antioxdant markers in the serum and this result must be observe in treatment them.

[Ali Hassanpour, Mansoor Khakpour and Bahram Amoughli Tabrizi. Correlation of F2 Isoprostanes and antioxidants of serum in the horses with strangles. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):426-430]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 65

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.65

Key words: F2 Isoprostanes, Antioxidants, Correlation, Strangles, Horse

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Effects of Solanum lycopersicum L. on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in liver tissue of high fat fed diet rats

Daryoush Mohajeri^*

1-Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: daryoushmohajeri.com; mohajeri@iaut.ac.ir

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Tomato) pulp on oxidative stress of liver tissue in rats fed with high fat diet. For this end, male Wistar rats were treated in 4 experimental groups including: 1-healthy control group given standard diet, 2- high fat fed diet group for induction of oxidative stress in liver, 3- high fat diet plus Clofibrate (320 mg/kg) as positive control group, and 4- high fat diet plus Tomato pulp (20 ml/kg) for protection of oxidative stress, at a period of 6 weeks. At the end of experiment, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were detected to determine deleterious metabolic effects. The lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was measured to assess free radical activity in the liver tissues. The enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as indicators of antioxidation in liver tissue. After 6 weeks treatment, After 4 weeks, high fat diet caused deleterious metabolic effects, including hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Rats fed with high fat diet showed significant decline in antioxidants, and elevated lipid peroxidation product (MDA) in liver. Tomato pulp treatment significantly reduced MDA level and brought back the liver antioxidants near to normal. The results obtained showed that Tomato pulp exerts inhibitory effects against oxidative stress in liver tissue of high fat fed diet rats through its antioxidant activity.

[Daryoush Mohajeri. Effects of Solanum lycopersicum L. on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in liver tissue of high fat fed diet rats Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):431-435]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 66

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.66

Keywords: High fat diet, Solanum lycopersicum L., Oxidative stress, Liver

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Energy Subsidies Removal Act; an Economic Modeling for Urea & Ammonia Industries (Case Study: Iran)

 Abdolrahim Rahimi, Mohamadali Fatooreh Bonabi, Nader Mohaghegh

Assistant Professor. Faculty of Management and Accounting, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. arahimi_k@yahoo.com

Abstract: The urea and ammonia industries play important role in Agricultural sectors. Moreover, the export of urea and ammonia is also an annual source of significant value added currency earnings. Hence, the price level of natural gas, as a feeding source for the urea and ammonia plants, is an important factor for economic survival of such plants. After implementing the energy price subsidies removal act in Iran, all producers of urea and ammonia in domestic market are worried for projects future’s economy and feasibilities. Such uncertainties are more expedited for grass root and under construction projects. In this paper, based on an economic simulation model, the economic prospect of new Iranian urea and ammonia projects is evaluated. It is hoped that such model results could also be applied by those developing countries, having similar scenario of subsidies removal as well as entering open access market. The simulation results are examined, using two different approaches. First approach considers uncorrelated relation between both natural gas and urea and ammonia prices but in the second one the correlation between price variables is considered to be linear. The obtained results by both approaches show that for achieving around 20% targeted Internal Rate of Return (IRR) in urea and ammonia plants, in this article should apply discrimination policy for feed natural gas price. Such unique remedy should be applied in all projects during payback period. Hence, the government can fix the same price for all units as a rational price level. On the contrary, following the approved subsidies removal act, if the government dictates high gas price then many crises are expected in developments of urea and ammonia projects.

[Rahimi A, Bonabi MA, Mohaghegh N. Energy Subsidies Removal Act; An Economic Modeling for Urea & Ammonia Industries (Case Study: Iran). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):436-443]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 67

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.67

Keyword: Urea Ammonia Plants, Subsidies Removal, Feed Natural Gas, Price Crises

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The cost management of rockfill dam with clay core and concrete face and the economical comparison of these two methods (Case Study: Jere dam of Ramhormoz)

Ezat Allah Mousavi¹, Mohammad Sirous Pakbaz², Arash Adib²

^1. MA in civil engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

^2. Associate professor, civil engineering department, engineering faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: Collection, maintenance and optimized distribution of water is one of the most important and costly projects of water industry in Iran. The selection of the optimized choice among various methods of the construction of the dam body is economical and reduces the construction costs considerably. In recent decades, by the advancement of road construction machineries and earth operation, applying earth dams is developed. To select the best choice, the designer should investigate and compare various choices to reduce the project costs and make the implementation time minimum. In this study, based on the construction of Jere Ramhormoz earth-core rockfill dam (ECRD), this dam was designed for concrete face rockfill dam (CFRD) and was compared with ECRD. To do this, in the first section of the study, we investigate the general reasons of the selection of the type of dam body and recognition of the study area of the construction location of Jere dam. This dam with the height of 107m is constructed on Zard River and in another section by showing the sample sections for both of construction methods, they were compared. This economical comparison shows good saving in the selection of CFRD compared to ECRD.

[Ezat Allah Mousavi, Mohammad Sirous Pakbaz, Arash Adib. The cost management of rockfill dam with clay core and concrete face and the economical comparison of these two methods (Case Study: Jere dam of Ramhormoz). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):444-448]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 68

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.68

Keywords: Earth dam; Earth-core; Concrete face; Economical comparison

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Acute respiratory viral infections among Tamattu' Hajj pilgrims in Iran

¹Dr. Reza Imani, ²*Dr. Ali Karimi and ³Dr. Roya Habibian

¹Associated professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: Imani_r@skums.ac.ir

²Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: kakarimi63@yahoo.com Tel: (#98-381) 333 4691 Fax:(#98-381) 333 4911

³Assistant professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: roya_habibian@yahoo.com

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Ali Karimi

ABSTRACT: Respiratory infections are among some common health difficulties which may occur in journeys. Tamattu' Hajj, an annual congregation of more than 2 million (including 100000 Iranian) pilgrims from all over the world, embodies circumstances, e. g. close contact, shared sleeping accommodations and the dense air pollution, which potentially facilitate airborne respiratory disease transmission. With pilgrims' returning home, respiratory infections may be spread to different countries, leading to considerable expenditures imposed mainly on National Health Systems. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate acute respiratory viral infections among Hajj pilgrims. In this descriptive-analytical study, serum samples were taken from 338 Iranian pilgrims in order to be investigated, through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for antibodies to given viruses. 84 % of studied pilgrims, during their journey, presented with symptoms of infectious diseases, among which Adenoviruses (23.7%) occurred more prevalently compared to the other two viruses of concern, i. e., Influenza (3.6%) and RSV (7.4%). Several factors are involved in rate and type of acute respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims. Despite high rate of infection with Influenza and Adenoviruses, since massive gatherings may help all pathogenic respiratory agents cause pandemics, other infectious agents should be seriously addressed as well.

[Dr. Reza Imani, Dr. Ali Karimi and Dr. Roya Habibian. Acute respiratory viral infections among Tamattu' Hajj pilgrims in Iran. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):449-453]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 69

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.69

Keywords: Hajj, Respiratory tract infections, RSV, Adenoviruses, Influenza

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Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio in diets containing corn, cottonseed meal and soybean meal on broiler performance during starter period

Gholam-Reza Zaboli^1* and Abdolhossein Miri²

¹Institute of especial domestic animals, University of Zabol, 98661-5538

²Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy,Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.

Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 3333-669699, Zabol,

Iran

^*Corresponding author: reza.zaboli@uoz.ac.ir

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of broiler chickens in starter period. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous with different ratios of lysine to crude protein, and basis of diets contained corn, soybean meal, and cottonseed meal. A complete randomized design with dietary lysine to crude protein was used to experiments The six starter diets,based on lysine to crude protein ratios were A₁(0/050), A₂(0/055),A₃(0/060),A₄(0/065), A₅(0/070) A₆(0/075). Growth performance and carcass composition were evaluated during the experiment. The results showed that dietary lysine to crude portion ratio significantly affected the body weight gain (BWG), feed convection ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), breast meat yield (BMY) and thigh yield (TY) (p<0/05); However, treatments’ effect on carcass percentage was not significant. A modeling approach was applied to determine the optimum level of supplemental lysine, and inflection point in spline models was considered as an optimum point. Using linear broken-line model, inflection points for BWG, FC, BMY, were 0.0.062, 0.00.063 and 0.067 of ratio, respectively. These values in quadratic broken-line model were 0.069, 0.058 and 0.075 of ratio, respectively. Ratio of current study revealed that in diets comprising cottonseed meal were required the higher dietary lysine to curde protein ratio as compared with conventional diets. Moreover, due to low digestibility of lysine in cottonseed meal higher requirements are needed rather than the recommended level of NRC (1994) that recommended 0.052 during starter phase.

[Gholam-Reza Zaboli and Abdolhossein Miri. Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio in diets containing corn, cottonseed meal and soybean meal on broiler performance during starter period. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):454-458]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 70

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.70

Key words: lysine, crud protein, broiler, ratio, broken line.

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Education and economic growth: the case of MENA** countries

Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir¹, Farzad Rahimzadeh² and Javad Ghadimpoor³

1 Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

E-mail: mirbagheri_hir@yahoo.com

2 Department of economics, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, I.R of IRAN

E-mail: rahimzadeh@modares.ac.ir. Tel: +989141535890

3Management and Accounting Department, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Javad Ghadimpoor

Abstract: Empirical evidences indicate that education is necessary for economic development process in each country. Education can increase labor productivity, people income, life quality, human capital accumulation and led to economic growth. Therefore in this study, we use selected MENA countries data and panel data approach for examine relationship between education and economic growth. First, stationary of variables has been tested, and then cointegration of model variables has been surveyed by pedroni panel cointegration tests. Study results show that in MENA countries, secondary and tertiary educations are important factor to increase production. In contrast, primary education has no statistically significant effect on production level.

[Mirnaser Mirbagheri hir, Farzad Rahimzadeh and Javad Ghadimpoor. Education and economic growth: the case of MENA countries. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):459-466]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 71

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.71

Keywords: education, economic growth, Panel cointegration, MENA countries

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Preconditioned iterative methods for linear systems

Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Arif and Muhammad Ayaz

Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK Pakistan

 javedmath@yahoo.com, marifmaths@hotmail.com, mayazmath@awkum.edu.pk

Abstract: In this paper, the preconditioned SOR and AOR methods are established for solving systems of linear equations The convergence of the iterative methods are proved for L-matrices. The comparison with other preconditioned methods is given.

[Iqbal J, Arif M and Ayaz M. Preconditioned iterative methods for linear systems. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):467-470] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 72

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.72

Keywords: SOR method, AOR method, Preconditioned Matrices, Convergence Criteria.

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Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in a Tube with Core Rod and Multi Duct Inserts at High Temperature

M.R. Alijani ¹, A.A. Hamidi ²

^1. Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

Corresponding Author (alijani_1373@yahoo.com)

Abstract: Heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a circular tube fitted with core rod and multi duct inserts at high temperature have been investigated experimentally. In the experiments, ambient air with Reynolds numbers in a range of 6000-20,000 is passed through a circular tube with uniform wall temperature and convection and radiation heat transfer phenomena are studied. Experiments have been performed at four constant wall temperature tubes with core rod insert. For each wall temperature considered, convection and radiation heat transfer coefficients have been determined. The experimental results show that at uniform wall temperature of 373 K, 473 K, 553 K and 633 K the average share of the radiation heat transfer coefficient to the total heat transfer coefficient are 11.5, 13.1, 15.3 and 17.8% for core rod and 16.9, 20.0, 24.3 and 27.8% for multi duct insert respectively. In addition it was noted that for the mentioned temperatures, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 227, 299, 327 and 369% for core rod and 279, 396, 453 and 539% for multi duct insert respectively in comparison to the plain tube. It was also noted that increasing the wall temperature also resulted in increase of friction factor. Based on the experimental results for Nusselt number and friction factor empirical correlation have been derived. Plotting the experimental findings and the correlations, it was noted that the majority of the data are within ±12% and ±8% of the proposed correlations for heat transfer coefficient and friction factor, respectively. The results were also tested against available and well proven correlations with reasonable agreement.

[M.R. Alijani, A.A. Hamidi. Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in a Tube with Core Rod and Multi Duct Inserts at High Temperature. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):471-478] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 73

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.73

Keywords: High temperature, Radiation, Convection, Heat transfer enhancement, Friction factor, Core rod, multi duct insert.

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Investigation of chemical reactions in Roller compacted concrete dams

Hamid Reza Ashrafi¹, Neda esmaeili²*, Hossein Behsan³

¹Professor Assistant, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,

²*M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University,Tehran,

³M.Sc. student, Civil Engineering Construction Management, Amirkabir University,Tehran

*Corresponding Author: esmaeili_ne@yahoo.com

Abstract: According to the abundant use of engineer and factor designer about the function of concrete in different environmental conditions, it's important to analyze the methods and new technologies of factors and concrete and adopted with environmental condition and function of Iran. One of the main causes of destroyed concrete in RCC dams is the alkali-carbon reaction of the aggregates. In this paper, the aggregates are chosen from three well known RCC dams in Iran. Mortar bar method, accelerated mortar bar test, accelerated concrete prism test were performed on experimental samples and some solutions were expressed for the concrete to be remained properly. According to the results, it is concluded that among these three methods, accelerated mortar bar test (with choosing appropriate Expansions criterion, is the best method to the evaluate Alkali-carbonate reactions.

[Hamid Reza Ashrafi, Neda esmaeili, Hossein Behsan. Investigation of chemical reactions in Roller compacted concrete dams. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):479-483] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 74

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.74

Keywords: chemical reactions, Roller compact, dams

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Utilization of biomass energy in architectural design

Shabnam Akbari Namdar ¹, Farnoosh Minooei ², Farzad Derakhshan ³, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari ⁴

1. PhD, Department of Architecture; Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tabriz, Iran.

namdar@iaut.ac.ir

2. MA Student, Department of Architecture; Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tabriz, Iran.

fm_architect@yahoo.com

3. MA Student, Department of Architecture;Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tabriz, Iran.

fd_architect@yahoo.com

4. Department Architecture; Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tabriz, Iran. and Payame noor university of Iran, Tabriz - Member of Young Researchers Club of Tabriz, Iran.

arch_khojasteh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Due to increasing environmental concerns especially related with the use of fossil fuels, new solutions to limit the greenhouse gas effect are continuously sought. With the growing concerns of greenhouse emissions, biomass is set to become an important contributor to the world energy need. Today biomass is seen as the most promising energy source to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This research is based on library and documental studies that it was done in time that the Crisis in the use of fossil fuels and destructive agents due to it. The purpose of complementary and analytical studies performed on the use of biomass for energy production, is investigating environmental crisis and replacing and modifying sources used for creating energy and equilibrium cycle in nature and continuity of turning production and consumption patterns to solve environmental crises and finding a suitable model in order to use this energy in buildings, and advantages that today's architects and engineers are taking from this matter. Finally, the result is that the design approaches of architects are crucial to the utilization condition and methods of renewable energy. Through profound comprehension of the relationship between biomass energy utilization and design approaches, we can achieve a dual-standard of building environment performance and esthetics.

[Shabnam Akbari Namdar, Farnoosh Minooei Farzad Derakhshan, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari. Utilization of biomass energy in architectural design. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):484-491] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 75

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.75

Keywords: biomass, sustainability, Fossil fuels, Equilibrium cycle, building

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Benchmarking of Root cause analysis for Software

Dr. T. SuganthaLakshmi¹, Dr. M. Saravanakumar²

¹Assistant professor, Department of Management Sciences, Anna University, Regional Centre - Coimbatore.

Coimbatore 641047, Tamil Nadu, India. Sugi1971@rediffmail.com

²Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Anna University, Regional Centre - Coimbatore.

Coimbatore 641047, Tamil Nadu, India. Skumar_rvs@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Root Cause Analysis is a method that is used to address a problem or non-conformance, in order to get to the “root cause” of the problem. It is used to correct or eliminate the cause, and prevent the problem from reoccurring. The visible problem or symptom is considered to be the cause and the hidden problem is ignored. Hence root cause analysis is necessary to fix a problem or non-conformance forever. When root cause analysis is done in an unstructured and undisciplined approach, proves to be useless as the time and cost involved in this process are high. Experts are employed to make a proper root cause analysis, which means the cost involved is high and the time consumed should be used efficiently. Manufacturing industries for decades follow some structured and disciplined approach for root cause analysis and have proved for number of times the analysis have a positive outcome. One of the methods in root cause is dominos phenomenon. In normal problem solving methods, what we see is the final piece of domino that hits the ground. But the real cause for the domino to hit the ground was the first domino which started the triggering factor. Hence the real root cause of the problem is the first domino, where as in normal problem solving method we capture only the physical failure the domino hitting the ground and try solve it, which will never fix the problem. In this paper Root cause analysis are studied the factors that help to form a structured and disciplined approach of root cause analysis for Software, which to be benchmarked for manufacturing industries and to adapting it suitably for software.

[T. SuganthaLakshmi, M. Saravanakumar. Benchmarking of Root cause analysis for Software. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):492-500] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 76

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.76

Keywords: Root Cause, Benchmark, Software, analysis

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The use of ICT and technology in language teaching and learning

Rodini Mohammad Amin

Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshahr, Iran

Abstract: The use of technology in language teaching and learning is an interesting issue for all teachers and practitioners in the field. The importance of this issue is reflected in the large amount of the literature concerned with technology in language classrooms.In this paper, we are going to highlight some of the basic ideas discussed in relation to technology and its implementations in language learning and teaching. Butler-Pascoe and Wiburg (2003), Schwartz and Beichner (1999), Warschauer and Meskill (2000) among others are the most informative references about the use of ICT in language teaching and learning.

[Rodini MA. The use of ICT and technology in language teaching and learning. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):501-503] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 77

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.77

Keyword: technology, teaching, learning, ICT

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Analyzes the potential impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the delivery of reproductive health care

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi*¹ ، kazemzadeh Fariba²

^1,2 Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshahr, Iran.

Abstract: This study analyzes the potential impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the delivery of reproductive health care services. Twelve health establishments located in the districts under the coverage of the micro-Telco were selected. Of the twelve establishments, only ten were found open at the time of the visit. A total of 15 surveys were personally administered by the author. A questionnaire was designed to identify the reproductive health information needs of health center workers and how ICT could help to satisfy those needs. The analysis of questionnaire data was conducted using the MINITAB v14.2 statistical software application.The results show that although health center workers believe that the use of ICTs would allow them to have better access to health information and therefore, improve the quality of the health care provided, they fail to see how ICTs could satisfy most urgent needs such as lack of qualified personnel and medical equipment. This study was undertaken to assess the current health information needs of health facilities in the area of reproductive health care; however, similar analyses can be conducted to assess more general health care needs.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F. Analyzes the potential impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the delivery of reproductive health care. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):504-508] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 78

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.78

Key words: ICTs, reproductive health care

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Evaluate the possible anti-peptic ulcer action of the water extract of Linum usitatissimum

Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi*, kazemzadeh Fariba

Department of Basic Science, Nikshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Nikshahr, Iran.

Abstract: The spasmolytic and indomethacin-induced ulcer protective effects of Linum usitatissimum seed in guinea pig ileum and mouse stomach, respectively, were investigated. The water extract of the whole seed, after being soaked for different periods, was employed to test it spasmolytic effect and its protective action against experimental ulcerogenesis. The extract was observed to show significant spasmolytic activity and protective effect against experimental ulcerogenesis (p < 0.01). Both effects were observed to increase with increase in the soaking period (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that the seed of Linum usitatissimum could be a potential medicine in peptic ulcer therapy.

[Esmaeilzadeh M, Kazemzadeh F. Evaluate the possible anti-peptic ulcer action of the water extract of Linum usitatissimum. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):509-511] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 79

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.79

Keywords: Evaluate; anti-peptic ulcer action; water extract; Linum

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Determining of Optimum Location of Added Hole on Perforated Plate and Numerical Analysis of Its Effect on the Stress Concentration

Arash Rahmani, Ashkan Khalili, Ramin Soleimani

Department of Engineering, Ajabshir Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ajabshir, Iran

Corresponding Author E-Mail: ara_rahamni@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) variations induced by adding of holes in a perforated base plate subjected to uniaxial tension load, using Finite Element Method (FEM). Analyses were applied in 2D for different diameters, orientation angels and distances of added holes from the base hole. A parametric model in ANSYS finite element software was used to calculate the SCFs and the differences between SCFs have been shown in various graphs. To investigate the variation of SCF in perforated base plate, two holes with the same diameter were located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis with different angles and distances from the base hole. The results showed that by adding holes with a proper diameter, orientation angles and distances from the base hole, the SCFs can be reduced. Using the obtained graphs and corresponding to the base hole diameter the most adequate diameter and its position was determined. Obtained results for special statuses had a good agreement with the graphs of Peterson’s stress concentration factors.

[Rahmani A, Khalili A, Soleimani R. Determining of Optimum Location of Added Hole on Perforated Plate and Numerical Analysis of Its Effect on the Stress Concentration. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):512-514] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 80

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.80

Keywords: Stress concentration, perforated plate, Finite Element

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Analysis, Design and Modeling Skin Thermal Pain Sensation in Robot

Seyyed Farshid Tabatabaie^a*, Siamak Haghipour^b, Abas Soltani^c

^a Department of Mechatronics, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^b Department of Medical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

^c Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract: In human and robot coexistence, human sensory feelings are aroused in the case of interaction. This causes such an unpleasant feeling called pain, which is an important feeling in avoiding danger. For more safe interaction, it becomes important for robots to sense pain. Thus in this paper the focus is on design a controller based on the thermal pain that is subjective of human. When the temperature is out of the normal physiological range, skin fails to protect, and the pain sensation is evoked. The first goal of this paper is to present the computer-aided analysis of the heat transfer in skin tissue using the clinical data. Afterward, we aim to cast the biological behavior of skin in an engineering system. Then we attempt to establish a modeling of skin thermal pain through ion channel to pain sensation. Finally, to emulate the thermal pain, we design a controller based on the thermal pain model.

[Farshid Tabatabaie S, Haghipour S, Soltani A. Analysis, Design and Modeling Skin Thermal Pain Sensation in Robot. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):515-520] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 81

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.81

Keywords: Nociceptor; Neural response; Pain modeling; Bioheat transfer; Safety system

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Sliding Mode Control for Active Suspension System Using ICA Evolutionary Algorithm

Mohammad Faraji sarir^1, Jafar Ghafouri ², Larisa Khodadadi³

1- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3- Department of Electronical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract: Since suspension system of car plays a major role in reducing transmission of vibrations from the road to car body and passenger comfort, designing suspension system is one of engineers’ goals. In this paper, a sliding mode controller for active suspension system is proposed which aims to improve passenger comfort and stability parameters. There is a direct relationship between passenger comfort parameter and vertical acceleration on car passenger. Linear equations based on model ¼ of extraction system and coefficient of sliding mode controller for minimizing maximize of overshoot and settling time for vertical acceleration on a car passenger have been optimized and determined using ICA evolutionary algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed controller, in addition to improving passenger comfort parameter, has also improved system stability. Comparison of simulation results obtained from proposed controller with the passive mode shows the improvement in passenger comfort and stability parameters.

[Faraji sarir M, Ghafouri J, Khodadadi L. Sliding Mode Control for Active Suspension System Using ICA Evolutionary Algorithm. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):521-526] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.82

Keywords: Active suspension systems, ICA algorithms, sliding mode controller

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Comparison of Hs-CRP, WHR, LDL/HDL and TC/HDL in Active and Inactive Middle-aged Women

Mohammad Reza Ramezanpour^a,, Masoumeh Hosseinnezhad^a, Vahid Moghaddam^b, Tohid Mabhout Moghaddam ^a

a: Departement of Physical Education, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

b: Departement of Physical Education, GHazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, GHazvin, Iran.

Corresponding author Email address: ramezanpour@mshdiau.ac.ir

Abstract: Purposes - Cardiovascular diseases have nowadays become the most common diseases in developing countries, particularly in urban regions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare cardiovascular risk factors such as hs-CRP, WHR and TCL, LDL to HDL ratios in active and inactive middle-aged women. Materials and Methods - Subjects in this study were middle-aged women (avg. age: 41.34±3.51 years, height: 158.89±5.136cm, weight: 76.69±4.749 kg, BMI: 27.61±1.96 kg/m²) who were selected randomly among volunteers and classified into two active (15) and inactive (14) groups. Active group was consisted of women who had one year regular sport activity history and inactive group was including women who had no sport activities in last year. In this comparative, causal study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to demonstrate assumption of normal data and independent t test to compare averages. Results - Findings showed that hs-CRP in serum, WHR level and LDL, TC to HDL ratios are less in active than inactivemiddle-aged women. Conclusions - Considering the findings in this study, it can be cautiously concluded that regular physical activities because of anti-inflammatory effects and lipid profile improvement cause to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases in overweight middle-aged women.

[Ramezanpour MR, Hosseinnezhad M, Moghaddam V, Mabhout Moghaddam T. Comparison of Hs-CRP, WHR, LDL/HDL and TC/HDL in Active and Inactive Middle-aged Women. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):527-533] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 83

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.83

Keywords: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), WHR, LDL/HDL ratio, TC/HDL ratio

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The effect of culture on knowledge management in project-centered organizations

Mahsa Bahmani Tabrizi

Master of Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, mahsa_bahmani_tabrizy@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of organizational culture on knowledge management in project-centered organizations in Iran. For this, in this study, organizational culture assessment implement (OCAI) in respective organization was used. Three variables were added to variables of the model in this study. These three variables are control culture, cooperation culture and generator culture. Survey for sharing behavior was done by two-way standard questionnaire and data were collected by Likert 5-point scale. A holding company and 33 subset of that were considered as sample. Based on obtained findings, organizational culture has positive effect on sharing tacit knowledge behavior. Market organizational culture and hierarchical organizational culture have negative effect on knowledge sharing behavior. Mixed organizational culture has positive effect on sharing tacit knowledge by consideration of dominant clan species while mixed organizational culture without considering dominant clan species has negative effect on sharing tacit knowledge. Generator and cooperation organizational culture both are affected sharing knowledge positively. But control organizational culture has negative effect on sharing knowledge.

 [Bahmani Tabrizi M. The effect of culture on knowledge management in project-centered organizations. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):534-539] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 84

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.84

Keyword: organizational culture, knowledge management, sharing communities of practice knowledge, based-centered organization

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Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):540-545] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 85

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Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (TMF) Life Prediction in Gas Turbine Blades

Arash Rahmani¹, Ghiam Eslami ¹, Ramin Soleimani²

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamin Azad University, Ahar, Iran

² Departments of Engineering, Ajabshir Branch, Islamin Azad University, Ajabshir, Iran

* E-Mail of Coresponig Author: ara_rahmani@yahoo.com

Abstract: A Turbine blade, which is a main high temperature component of a gas-turbine for power generation does not tolerate the existence of cracks as it rotates at a high speed. Consequently, the development of an analytical method to evaluate the remaining life for crack initiation is required. The accuracy of remaining life evaluation by an analytical method largely depends on inelastic constitutive equations expressing on a creep-fatigue life evaluation method using such equations to estimate the remaining life for crack initiation. Therefore, in this paper, we studied creep-fatigue damage mechanism of gas turbine blades which is capable to describe inelastic behavior of the material and the damage mechanism. For this purpose we use Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (TMF) life prediction models take into account the interaction between fatigue and creep at varying temperatures.

[Rahmani A, Eslami G, Soleimani R. Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (TMF) Life Prediction in Gas Turbine Blades. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):546-551] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 86

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.86

Key Words: Fatigue-Creep, Life Time, TMF, Turbine Blades.

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Intelligent Planning for Cryoprobe Placement during Cryosurgery

Seyed Hadi Deljou¹, Siamak Haghipour², Amrollah Bayat³

¹ Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

² Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

³ Faculty of surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique with minimal invasion which employs extreme cold to destroy diseased or abnormal tissues. As a part of ongoing efforts to develop computerized planning tools for cryosurgery, this study focuses on 2D modeling tissue, modeling heat transfer in tissue, modeling cryosurgery based on partial differential equations. The goal of this research is maximizing the destruction of diseased tissue and also minimizing the injury to surrounding healthy tissue. For optimizing the result of surgery, we have used an array of cryoprobes in accordance with the geometrical shape of tumor and have designed the best cryoprobe layout planning by using Genetic Algorithm. In this condition we have optimized the destruction of diseased tissue and the destruction of surrounding healthy tissue; finally by having enough knowledge about result of surgery and in fact predicting the result of surgery, we are ready to have a robotic surgery with high accuracy.

[Hadi Deljou S, Haghipour S, Bayat A. Intelligent Planning for Cryoprobe Placement during Cryosurgery. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):552-557] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 87

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.87

Keywords: Cryosurgery, Cryoprobe, Genetic Algorithm, Heat transfer simulation, Tumor

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Cobalt and Zinc and Their Relation with Copper Contents in the Soil

Karim Amininia^1*, Amirparviz Rezaeisaber², Ali Rezaie²

1- Department of Geography, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

2- Department of Clinical Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: E-mail: aprs_1352@yahoo.com

Abstract: The determination of trace elements in food and soil samples by atomic absorption spectrometry was investigated. The main subjective of this study was to evaluation of Effect of climatic factors on copper and its antagonist contents in the soil. In this study, during the seasons, we aimed to recording the rainfall, environmental temperature, soil temperature and humanity. In this study we collected about 72 soil samples (18 samples in each season) from different areas of Ahar city, east Azerbaijan province of Iran. Then samples were sent to the laboratory and the trace elements content of soil samples was measured by atomic absorption method. Results showed that Cu, Zn, and Co were 2.87±0.89, 1.06±0.308 and 1.47±0.79, respectively. In conclusion can be conclude that present study is unique because there was no documented literatures about cu and its antagonist content in the soil of east Azerbaijan area. So, authors suggests that there is more study needs to conclude about this matter.

[Karim Amininia, Amirparviz Rezaeisaber, Ali Rezaie. Cobalt and Zinc and Their Relation with Copper Contents in the Soil. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):558-561] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 88

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.88

Keywords: climatic factors, Cu, Zn, Co, soil, Iran.

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Evaluation of soil elements such as Cu, Fe and Mo and their relation with Ahar climate

Karim Amininia^1*, Amirparviz Rezaeisaber², Ali Rezaie²

1- Department of Geography, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran

2- Department of Clinical Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author: E-mail: aprs_1352@yahoo.com

Abstract: Micronutrient problems are expected to increase in the future because of the increase in cropping intensity, the use of high-yielding varieties and the more extensive use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The main subjective of this study was to evaluation of Fe and Mo and their relation with copper contents in the soil. In this study, during the seasons, we aimed to recording the rainfall, environmental temperature, soil temperature and humanity. In this study we collected about 72 soil samples (18 samples in each season) from different areas of Ahar city, east Azerbaijan province of Iran. Then samples were sent to the laboratory and the trace elements content of soil samples was measured by atomic absorption method. Results showed that Cu, Fe and Mo were 2.73±0.79, 7.42±0.92 and 2.21±0.97 respectively. In conclusion can be conclude that present study is unique because there was no documented literatures about cu and its antagonist content in the soil of east Azerbaijan area. So, authors suggests that there is more study needs to conclude about this matter.

[Karim Amininia, Amirparviz Rezaeisaber, Ali Rezaie. Evaluation of soil elements such as Cu, Fe and Mo and their relation with Ahar climate. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):562-565] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 89

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.89

Keywords: climatic factors, copper, antagonist, soil, Iran.

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Studying the causes of changes in forest and non-forest land using RS & GIS (Case study: conventional territory of Joojar village- Kermanshah - IRAN)

Sohrab Moradi¹ (Corresponding author), Eghbal Pahkideh²

^1. Agriculture Sciences Faculty of Payame Noor University, Iran

^2. Economics and Social Sciences Faculty of Payame Noor University, Iran

Abstract: The land use / cover is not fixed but changed in the effect of different operations. Identifying and recognizing these changes could help managers and planners to discover the factors involved in land use and coverage changes and to have a beneficent planning to control them. This study has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the capability of Landsat ETM+ & IRS-1D imagery for forest and non-forest extent mapping and determining forest and non-forest changes in Zagros forests from 1957 to 2010 and identifying the causes of these changes as well. A case study was accomplished at the conventional territory of Jojar village in Salas County from Kermanshah province, west of Iran. The land use map related to the forest and non forest lands in 1957 were provided via photo interpretation and classifying it in the environment of Arc GIS 10 software. After investigating the radiometric and geometric quality of satellite images, together with correcting them, the area of study was first divided into forest and non forest classes and then again into six classes of farms, forests, forest lands, gardens, ranges, and residential lands. Via employing the supervised classification and the maximum likelihood algorithm, the accuracy assessment of results obtained from the classification in comparison to the accurate ground map which was gathered using GPS from a systematic sampling network, showed the overall accuracy rate of 92.85%. The results obtained from investigating the land use changes of the area showed that in the course of studying the related area, 295.3 ha of forests and 223.9 ha of forest lands have been reduced and changed into farm lands & ranges and on the other hand range areas have got an increasing rate of 466.4 ha. The reasons are due to change of forest lands into farm lands, cutting the trees for fuel supplying, increase of the domesticated animals in the village, oak lopping for supplying herbs, etc.

[Sohrab Moradi, Eghbal Pahkideh. Studying the causes of changes in forest and non-forest land using RS & GIS (Case study: conventional territory of Joojar village- Kermanshah - IRAN). Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):566-573] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 90

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.90

Keywords: Changes detection, IRS – 1D, Landsat ETM+, maximum likelihood algorithm, aerial photographs, satellite images.

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Analysis of the effects of strategic management on the financial performances in admitted companies to Tehran stock exchange

Abdollah Khaddemi Moghadam ¹, Mohsen Torkzadeh², Nasrolla Amoozesh ²

^1,2. Department of Accounting, Daylam branch, Islamic Azad University, Daylam, Iran

^3. Department of Accounting, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

Abstract: Strategic planning is quite important for strategic management in companies. The aim of this research is expressing the effects of strategic planning on financial performances of admitted companies to Tehran stock exchange. Our findings indicate that many of the domestic and foreign companies in our sampling have their own exclusive strategic management process. This is an annual process, considering a very important organizational activity. This research is one of the scarce studies dealing with analysis of the strategic management process in a set of companies, in a developing economy. This research determines the existing changes in their performances in a due time, such that using strategic tools is intervened in a dynamic competitive environment. The findings of this study have a great role in the notion of the nature and experience of strategic planning in admitted companies to Tehran stock exchange, and in the probability of correlations between the attempts and their performances.

 [khaddemi Moghadam A, Torkzadeh M, Amoozesh N. Analysis of the effects of strategic management on the financial performances in admitted companies to Tehran stock exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):574-578] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 91

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.91

Keywords: Strategic management, strategic subjects, strategic tools, financial performance.

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Impact of Corporative ownership on information asymmetry

Jafar Nekounam ^*1, Roohallah Fathi ², Khadijeh Fardi ³

^*1Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbahan, Iran

Abstract: Information asymmetry of market brings undesired outcomes such as little participation of investors, high trade costs, weak markets, and low trade profits. Regarding to the importance of information asymmetry concept, the goal of this research is study of relationship between Corporative ownership and information asymmetry in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. A sample of 89 companies, members of Tehran Stock Exchange, was selected for a 5 year period (2007-2011). Linear regression model with confidence level of 95% and software Excel and SPSS were used to test the research assumption. The results show that there a reverse (negative) relationship between Corporative ownership level with information asymmetry.

 [Nekounam J, Fathi R, Fardi Kh. Impact of Corporative ownership on information asymmetry. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):579-583] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 92

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.92

Keywords: Information asymmetry, Corporative ownership, ownership structure

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Impact of Corporative ownership on liquidity of stocks of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Jafar Nekounam ^*1, Mohammad Reza Samaei Baghbadorani², Mohammad Jamali ³

^*1Department of Accounting, khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, khomein, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Mobarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh, Iran

³Department of Accounting, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran

Abstract: According to the efficient market theory, one of the features of an efficient and ideal market is lack of trading costs and high liquidity. Regarding to the importance of liquidity, recognition of the factors affecting it can help us to improve it. The goal of this research is study of relationship between ownership concentration and liquidity of stocks of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. A sample of 93 companies, members of Tehran Stock Exchange, was selected for a 5 year period (2008-2012). Linear regression model with confidence level of 95% and software Excel and SPSS were used to test the assumption and study of relationship between Corporative ownership (independent variable) and liquidity (dependent variable). The results show that there a direct (positive) relationship between Corporative ownership level with liquidity.

 [Nekounam J, Samaei MR, Jamali M. Impact of Corporative ownership on liquidity of stocks of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):584-588] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 93

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.93

Keywords: Liquidity, Corporative ownership, ownership structure

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Role of accounting information systems on relevance of accounting information

Iman Zare^1*, Jafar Nekounam ², Ali Pirzad³, Feizollah Sedaghatjoo⁴, Sajad Mosavimotahar⁵

^1* Department of Accounting, payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN

² Department of Accounting, payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN

 ³Department of Management, Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht, Iran

⁴Department of Accounting, Pardis Science and Research Branch of kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Islamic Azad University, Yassuj, Iran

⁵ Department of Accounting, payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN

Abstract: Accounting is an information system and managers should obtain high-quality and suitable information from formal and informal channels for decision-making. Accounting information system (AIS) is a part of this system that registers and summarized financial events. Then it reports information as accounting information to support managers in decision-making the question is that whether AIS affects relevance of accounting information in financial statements? To do this research, a sample of 105 confidant auditors from Tehran Stock Exchange and professors of Islamic Azad University, region 5, was selected by Simple Random Sampling (SRS) method as questionnaires. Inferential statistical method, Clemogrov-Smironov test, and t-student test were used. It was found that accounting information systems highly affect on relevance of financial statement.

[Zare I, Nekounam J, Pirzad A, Sedaghatjoo F, Mosavimotahar S. Role of accounting information systems on relevance of accounting information. Life Sci J 2013;10(3s):589-592] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 94

doi:10.7537/marslsj1003s13.94

Keywords: Species richness; beta-diversity; taxonomic diversity; forest

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Comparative analyze of cooperative teaching techniques effects relying on Jig Saw technique with questioning method on academic achievement in Quran curriculum in elementary schools of Urmia

Roghayeh Valizadeh¹, Mostafa Sheikhzadeh²